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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAPA1123SUSITNA • , �ODY TRIHEYt HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION PROJECT No. 7114 EKLUTNA LAKE TEMPERATURE AND ICE STUDY WITH SIX MONTHS SIMULATION FOR WATA NA RESERVOIR FINAL REPORT [}{]&���=[g�&@©@ APRIL 1984 DOCUMENT No. 1123 SUSITNA JOINT VENTURE ._____ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY _ ____. SUSiftiA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT EKLUTNA LAKE 'l'EMPERATURE AND ICE STUDY Document No. 1123 Susitna File No. 42.2.2 CWith Six Months Simulation for Watana Reservoir> Report by Harza-Ebasco Susitna Joi nt Venture Prepared for Alaska Power Authority Final Report April 1984 NOTICE ANY QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS CONCERNING THIS REPORT SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO THE ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY SUSITNA PROJECT OFFICE TABLE OF CO NTENTS SECTION/TITLE LIST OF TABLES LIST Or, FIGURES 1.0 INTRO DUCTION 2.0 EKLUTNA LAKE STUDY: DYRESM MODEL CALIBRATION 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Previous Studies 2.3 Present Study 2. 3. 1 DYRESM f\1odel Enhancements 2.3.2 Eklutn a Lake Temperature and Ice Simulation 3.0 WATANA RESERVOIR TEMP ERATURE STUDY 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Previous Study 3.2.1 Reservoir Temperature Profiles 3.2.2 Outflow Temperatures 3.3 Present Study 4.0 SUMMARY REFERENCES TABLES FIGURES -i- PAGE ii iii 1 1 10 13 14 \ , 16 NO. 1 LI ST OF TA BLES TITLE DYRESM Parameters for Eklut na Lake -ii - NO. 1 2 3,4 5-8 9-11 12' 13 14 15 ,24 25 26,27 28 29 ,30 31,32 33 ,34 35 ,36 37,38 39 LIST OF FIGURES TITLE Eklutna Lake Location Map Eklutna Lake Station Locations Eklutna Lake Measured Weather Data Eklutna Lake Climatic Data Availability Eklutna Lake Ob served and Predicted Te mperature Profiles (Acres Results) Eklutna Lak e Ou tflow Temperatures (Acres Re sults) Longw ave Rad iation Formula Comparison Eklutna Lake Observed and Predi cte d Te mperature Profiles (Harza-Eb asco Resu lts) Eklutna Lake Measured Windspeed and Outflow Te mperature Eklutna Lake Outflow Temperature (Harza-Ebasco Results) Climate Stations in Upper Susi tna Basin Climatic Data Availability Talkeetna Station Climatic Data Availabilit y Watana Reservoir Temperature Profiles (Acres Re sults) Watana Reservoir Inflow and Outflow Temperatures (Acres Res ults) Watana Reservo ir Temperature Pro files (Harza-Ebasco Results) Watana Reservoir Inflow and Outflow Te mperatures (Harza-Ebasco Results) -i ii- 1.0 IN TRODUCT ION As de scribed in the work plan of Task 42 of Susitna Hydroelectric Project, the reservoir te mperature/ice stu dies are required for supporting the en­ vironmental stu dies. These stu dies will de termine the hydrothermal behavior of the Watana and Devil Canyon reservoirs as affected by the de sign and operation of the pr oject and pr ovide necessar y information for op timal design and operation of the reservoirs. It will al so de termine the thermal characteristics of the reservoir ou tflow for the downstream river temper­ ature and ice studies and the subsequent assessment of the pot ential envir­ onme ntal impacts due to project op erations. The dynamic reservoir simula­ tion model DYRESM as developed by Imberger, Patt erson and ot hers of the University of Western Australia (13).!1 was selected to simulate the hydro­ thermal behavior of the reservoirs. To simulate the winter condition with ice fo rmations, an ice subroutine as de veloped by Patterson and Hamblin fo r Canadian Lakes has been incorporated in the model. To calibrate the model and to ve rify its ap plicability to the Watana and Devil Canyon reservoirs under south-central and interior Alaskan cli matic cond itions, the Eklutna Lake st udy has been carri ed out . In thi s report, the results of the Eklutna Lake study and the calibration of the DYRESM model are discussed. 2.0 EKLUTNA LAKE STUDY: DYRESM MOD EL CALIBRAT ION The DYRESM model si mulates av erage reserv oir hydrothermal be havior through parameterization of various physical pr ocesses such as inflow and ou tflow dynamics, mixed layer dynamics, vertical tr ansport in the hypolimnion and surface he at and mass exchanges. The basic time increment of one da y is set by the model to pr edict dail y thermal structure. However, a smaller sub ­ daily time increment ranging between one quarter hour and tw elve ho urs is }j Refers the nu mbers in "R eference " at the end of tex t. -1- used to simulate the more complicated mixed layer dynami cs. This pr ocedure allows small time increments when the dynamics so require an d, in less critical periods, the time increment expands without reduction in accuracy. Hence, detailed dail y meteorological and hydrological da ta are required in the DYRESM simulation. A data collection pr ogram was established in June, 1982 for Eklutna Lake to col lect data on the thermal structure of the re ser­ voir, inflow and ou tflow . Eklutna Lake is located ap paroximately 30 miles northeast of Anchorage (Fig. 1). A weather station (Fig. 2) located near the southern end of the lake was al so es tablis hed to pr ovide the neces sary meteorological data to DYRESM. 2.1 Data Collection The average daily meteorological data include: Mean air temperature (°C); t.fean wind speed (m/ s); Air vapor pressure �mb); Pr ecipitation (mm); Cloud cover (sky fraction in tenths) or, Long-wave atmospheric rad iation (kilojoules/m2 ); and Total short-wave radiation (insulation) (kil ojoules/m2 ). The six-hour av eraged wind speeds along the major axis of the lake are al so required to calculate the internal mixing due to internal waves. In ad dition to meteorological data, the quantity and temperature of inflow to the lake and ou tflow from the lake are re quired to simulate the reservoir dynamics (1). The inflow data including temperature and stage was obtained by establi shing tw o gaging stations on the major tr ibutaries, East Fork and Glacier Fork (Fig. 2) (1). For cal ibrating the DYRESM model, measurements of lake te mperature pr ofiles were made at seven locations on an ap proximate -2 - two-week interval (1). Detailed descriptions of the input data collection program are given by R&M (1 1). The quantity and te mperature of the daily outflow through the Eklutna Hyd roelectric plant turbines were furnished by the Alaska Power Ad mi nistration of the U.S. Dept. of Energf. These data have be en collected, reduced, compiled, and re ported by the R&M Consul tants, In c. (3 , 11). The monitoring system and the accuracy of the measureme nts were als o described by R&M (1, 3, 11). The data collection program began in June, 1982 and will be termi nated in early 1984. Pe riodic malfunctioning of instrume nts have been experienced, especi ally in July and August of 1982 where ma ny da ys of data are not re corded (1 1), and conse­ quently, estimations of these data were required based on nearby stations at Palmer and Anchorage. The ice thickness measurements were ta ken approxi­ mately once a month. A comparison of the relative humi dities measured at Anchorage and Ta lkeetna by the Na tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) indicates that the Eklutna relative humi dity data are generally too low and are not in good agreeme nt with other climatic (e specially pr ecipitation) data measured at Eklutna Lake St ation. Therefore, the Anchorage re lative humidities pub­ lished by NOAA were used to compute the vapor pressures. The data records ava ilable at Eklu tna Lake station are plotted and shown on Figs. 3 and 4. The period of recorde d data at the Eklutna Lake Station are shown in Figs. 5-8. 2.2 Previous Studies A previ ou s effort by ACRES on the calibration and verification of the DYRESM model with the observed data had concentrated on the period of June, 1982 through Decem ber, 1982 dur ing which the field data were measured. -3 - Adjustments were made on al l wind speed data. In DYRESM, the wind speeds are assumed to be measured at a height of six meters while the fiel d instru­ ment measures wind spe ed at ab out two meters ab ove surrounding sc rub ve geta­ tion. Therefore, the wind speeds were corrected based on the ve locity dis­ tribution in the boundary la yer of the air current. The adj ustment pr oduces an increase of 17 percent in measured wind speeds. It was noted that the July and August fi eld measurements were quite incom­ plete, as shown in Fig. 6, and significant amounts of met eorological data had to be estimated (12). Therefore, the Eklutna Lake temperature/ice simu­ lation was made for the pe riods June 1 to August 25, 1982 and August 25 to December 31, 1982 to minimize the effect of data gap (14). However, as described later concerning the current study, satisfactory results have been obtained �rlth continuous simulation fr om June 1, 1982 to December 31, 1982. The simulated temperature pr ofiles did show reasonable ag reement with the measured temperatures except un der se vere wind conditions such as the high wind periods which occured between September 9 and September 21. Under severe wind condition, significant mixing can occur and warmer water can be expected in the hypolimnion. In ad dition, the one-dimensionality of the reservoir hydrothermal behavior is not strictl y valid. Improved ag reement was obtained by increasing the vertical di ffusion coefficient, which repre­ sents the efficiency of the transport of mass and momentum, from 0.048 to 0.096 based on the Wedder burn nu mber criterion (13, 14). The Wedderburn number characterizes the one-dimensionality of the reservoir dynamics. When this nu mber has a value less than 3 a de parture fr om the one-dimen­ sional assumption is indicated. The high wind condition is la ter tr eated with the concept of equivalent epili mnion de epening and the corrections based on the Wedderburn criteria are no longer applied . The pr incipal con stants used in the DYRESM simulation ar e given in Table 1. These constants are related to well identified physical pr ocesses and are determined fr om experimental or field da ta (13, 14 ). The simulated and -4 - measured temperature prof iles at Station 9 in the approxima te center of the lake are given in Figs. 9 to 11. In general, most profiles are modeled to within 0.5°e with few exceptions where the dif ference was up to about zoe. The simulated and measured ou tflow tempera ture of the Eklutna Lake are given in Figs. 1Z and 13. The predicted outflow temperature is, in ge neral, 1 to zoe below measured temperature during the period of July to mid-Se ptember. From mid-Septem ber to D:cem ber, the predicted and measured te mperatures match relatively well. Further imp roveme nt of the simulation have been ma de and are discussed in section Z.3. It includes upgrading the vapor pressure and long wave radiation calculations and taking into account the surface wind effects. The simul ation also indicates that the ice-cover formation will begin in mid-November and that Z1 inches of ice-cover will exist near the end of December. On Ja nuary 13, 1983, an ice-cover of about 16 inches was measured near the center of the lake. Hence, the simulation appears to overestima te the ice-cover thickness by about 5 inches in ea rly January 1983. However, the ice model used in the present study yields much improved predictions and they are described in the following sections. Z.3 Present Study Z.3.1 DYRESM Model Enhance ments The Eklu tna Lake temperature an d ice analyses conducted in the previous study indicate that the DYRESM model performs relatively well in duplicating the average field condition of the lake thermal structure. However, upon further exami nation of the previous results, field data, and the configura­ tion of the intake structure, several enhancements and/o r modifications of the DYRESM model were ma de and they are discussed as follow s: The "Swinbank" equation used in the DYRESM model may be significantly under­ estima ting the incomi ng long wave atm ospheric radiation on the Lake. Such observation was made independently by both Dr. P.F. Hamblin, the consultant -5 - to the reservoir temperature and ice stu dy, and R&M. Additional analyses indicate that the empirical equation gi ven by Anderson (4) agrees well with the me asured va lues at Watana and was incorporated in the DYRESM model (Fig. 14 ). The Anderson's equation is given as H = E CT T4 L.W. a where H L.W. is the long-wave at mospheric radiation (KJ/day), Ea is the atmospheric emissivity, CT is the Stephen Boltzman constant ( 4. 979 x 10 -6 KJ I day), and T is the air temperature ( 0 Kel vin). The at mospheric emissivity is dependent upon the cloudiness of the sk y and the re lative humidity or va por pr essure (3). The emissivity increases as the cloud cov er or vapor pressure increases. Using the Anderson's equation, closer matches to me asured temperature pr o­ files taken near the cen ter of the lake (Station 9) were obt ained as sho wn in Figs. 15 to 24. With regard to ou tflow temperature pr edictions there are two modifications. One for the ge ometry of the in take st ructure and the ot her for wind forcing effects. T�e local bat hymetric condition and the con figuration of the in­ take stru ct ure are quite different fr om the conditions assumed in the DYRESM model. The model assumes that a vertical wall such as a dam is located at the downstream end of the reservoir and the offtakes ar e located at the center of the dam width. However, the intake st ructure of the Eklutna powerhouse is located near the north end of the lake on a mild sl oping bot ­ tom an d resembles a ho rizontal outfall structure situated on an ex cavated area. Hence, the Eklutna intake may dr aw most of the water fr om the la yers above. With the combined effects of the sloping bottom, the horizontal outfall type intake and the local ex cavation, the out flow temperature may not be tr eated ac cordi ngly by theory. The wind effect, es pecially in the months of July, August and September, is cle arly shown in the ou tflow tem­ perature and 6-hr wind plot s, given in Fig. 25. It is un derstood that such -6 - ou tflow thermal behavior has al so been ob served by the powerhouse pe rsonnel. When a downlake wind (toward the in take area) occurs , a warmer than normal out flow temperature is observed. Such temporal de viation of the outflow temperature fr om its normal trend can be at tributed to not onl y the surface wind shear stress but al so the behavior of the internal waves of the str ati­ fied fluid , the de pth of the epilimnion , the rel ative position of the intake to the thermocline and the local bat hymetric conf iguration. Since the pr e­ sent time fr ame does not pe rmit fu rther de velopment of the DYRESM model to take into account al l the variables id entified ab ov e, onl y the sur face wind and the bottom effects are considered in the cu rrent study and are discussed as fo llows: The bathymetric information indicates that the bottom slope near the intake area is ab out 1 vertical to 100 horizontal. Hence , the withdrawal la yer (ou.tflow) di stribution must be modified in the ou tflow dynamics cal culation. Through se veral nu merical experiments, it was fo und that sat isfactory out­ flow temperatures can be obt ained by assuming that the offtake dr aws water mainly fr om layers ab ove the intake and the withdrawal fr om the lower la yers is ins ignificant. The strong downlake winds tend to increase the mixing locally near the in­ take. The strength of such wind induced mixing is considered pr oportional to the magnitude of the wind al ong the maj or ax is of the la ke to ward the intake. The effect is considered equivalent to the deepening of the ep ili m­ nion at the in take ar ea. The equivalent de epening of the ep ilimnion AH is computed by the fo llowing emperical equation: lv l� 2 AH = (Intake de pth) x Cl x [ ( 1 -Cl ) x C2] Where W is the 6-hr wind in the downlake direction and C1 and C2 are empiri­ cal constants for ad justing the magnitude of the res ponses . It was fo und that va lues of 20.0 and 0.25 for Cl and C2 respectively pr oduce satisfactory results fo r summer , and 7.5 and 0.25 for fal l. Since better ag reements were -7- ' obtained with these modifications, the adjustments based on Wedderburn cri­ teria for high wind condition as described previously were not applied and a constant vertical diffusion coefficient of 0.048 was used. Th e influence of ice and snow on the heat transfer across the water surface of a reservoir is taken into accou nt by simulating the percentage of snow and ice cover and their thickness as a function of time. The ef·fect of snow and ice is to reduce the amount of short wave radiation reaching the upper layers of the reservoir through the absorptive. properties of ice and snow and to reduce the cooling of the reservoir surface that would otherwi se occur by provi ding a covering layer of reduced thermal conductivity and by creating additional ice at the ice-water boundary . Sp ecific physical processes incorporated into the model of ice and snow are: 1. Minimum ice thickness of 10 em. 2. Surface me lting of either snow or ice as well as ice me lting at the ice water interfa ce. 3. Re duction of snow or ice thickness by surface evaporation 4. Effect of surface vapor pressure on ice or snow 5. Sn ow albedo as a function of snow age and temperature 6. Short wave absorption in snow and ice 7. Ice-water heat flux due to mo lecular conduc tion across ice-wa ter interface plu s turbulent sensible heat flux due to inflow and outflow induced current in the upper layer of the reservoir. 8. Computation of surface temperature of the snow or ice from the surface heat budget. 9. Limi tation of maximum snow thickness allowable based on ice buoyancy relative to snow load ing 10. In corporation of frazil ice input to total ice volume in the reservoir -8 - 2.3.2 Ekl utna Lake Temperature and Ice Simulation One of the major objectives in the Eklutna Lake calibration study is to develop an understandi ng of the capability , concept, and struc ture of the DYRESM l-bdel. This understanding has le d to the developme nt of several program enhancements to calibrate the model under south-central and interior Alaskan clima tic conditions as previously discussed. The Eklutna Lake study has also demonstrated the need for accurate clima tic data to enable the model to properly simulate the hydrothermal be havior of the re servoirs. Every effort should be made in the future to insure the accuracy and relia­ bili ty of field measurement instruments and data collection procedures. Th e study by Ha rza-E basco (H/E) considered the period of June, 1982 through June, 1983. The H/E simulation als o included a 17% increase in measured winds peeds to correct the velocity to the height above vegetation assumed by the model. The Wedderburn number modi fication procedure was not used in lieu of the emp irical equation to deepen the epiliminion at the intake area and the modification of the withdrawal dynamics. The re sults of the H/E Eklu tna Lake study are shown in the temperature pro­ file pl ots, Figs. 15 to 24, and in the outflow tempera ture time history plots\ Figs. 26 and 27. The results of the study demonstrate the capability for tlte DYRESM lob del to properly simulate the hydrothermal behavi or of a reservoir in the specific region of the Susitna Project. The results show the accurate prediction of winter outflow temperatures within a tolerance of less than+ 1 degree Celcius. The results also show that the summer outflow temperatures were simulated to within about+ 1 degree Celcius. However, tempora l deviations of up to about + 2 degrees Celcius have also occasional­ ly occured, especia lly during and after high wind periods. The surface wind shear effects and the internal wave motions near the intake structure are extreme ly difficul t to model with a one-dimensional approach and three­ dimensional mo deling is not considered practical at this time. The ou tflow temp erature is a principle input parameter for the river temperature, and -9 - river ice studies being undertaken to determine project effects on exi sting t herma.l regime of the Susitna River. The re sults also show an excellent correspondence be twe en measured ice thickness an d predicted ice thickne ss except for one point in March at Station 13 which is located near the north end of the lake. There were no ice measureme nts made near the center of the lake in March. The relative ly thick ice measured at Station 13 in March may be considered due to local accumul ation of snow caused by downlake winds. Therefore, the la rger difference (Fig. 27) shown in March is not considered as a major cancer� It is understood that the Eklutna Lake re servoir data collection program will be termi nated in 1984. The additional data collected-and compiled by R&M will then be available to extend the Eklu tna Lak e temp erature simula­ tion. The results from that study will be reported as a suppleme nt to this report. 3. 0 WATANA RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE STUDY The DYRESM model was used to simulate Wa tana reservoir temperature behavior and outlet temperatures under the 198 1 flow conditio� The parame ter values of the model used in the Eklutna Lake calibration have been appl ied. A field program wa s established in April, 1980 within the Susitna River Basin, (Watana Camp) to collect meteorological da ta (5 -12) for the DYR ESM model. The clima tic stations are shown in Fig. 28. 3.1 Data Collection The re quired average dai ly meteorological data include: Mean air temperature (°C); Mean wind speed (m/s); Air vapor pressure (mb); Precipitation (mm); -10- Long-wave radiation (KJ/m2) or cloud cover (sky fraction in tenths); and Total sho rt-wave radiation (KJ/m2 ). The periods of the available records are shown in Figs. 29-32 . 3.2 Previous Study As de scribed in the License Application, daily simulations were made by Acres to predict the thermal behavior of the Watana re servoir operating under Case C power op eration con dition (12,000 cfs minimum August fl ow ). The simulation period is six months (June 1 throug h December 31, 198 1). 3.2.1 Reservoir Temperature Profiles The simulated temperature profiles fo r the fi rst da y of each month fr om June through December 198 1 are shown in Figs. 33 and 34. Stratification occurs during June, July and August. The maximum surface temperature simulated was 10.9°C on July 3 and August 28. Cooling in September results in the gradual destruction of summer stratification and the deepening of the epiliminion. The process continues until isothermal conditions occur in late October. Isothermal conditions continue until water reaches after which rev erse stratification takes place. its maximum de nsity, A weak stratification occurs in late November and remains relatively stable throughout December. A full ice cover occurs on November 22. Ice thickness on December 31 was predicted at 31 inches by the model (14). 3.2.2 Outflow Temperatures The multiple-level intake at Watana allows the ut ility to provide variab le water temperatures within a rang e di ct ated by the thermal st ructure within the reservoir. The philosophy of operating this structure is to provide water tempe ratures as close to the ambient ri ver temperatures as possib le. -11- In general, this re sults in the intake closest to the surface being used, provi ded hyd raulic submergence criteria are met. However, on a few days, deeper intakes are used to provide water temperatures which are closer to thos e required. The simu lated outflow temperatures are shown in Figs. 35 and 36. The compa rison of natura l temperature and simu lated outflow temperature sh�s that du ring sunmer months, the ou tflow te mperature follow s natural temp erature trends but is cooler du ring July and sligh tly warmer in August. During Se ptember to mi d-N ovem ber, the resul ts show a gradual reduc tion of outfl� temperature from 9.5°e to zoe while the in flow temp erature drops much sooner to O.S0e in mi d-Se ptem ber. St able outflow tempera ture of around zoe start in mid-Novem ber and continue throughout Decem ber. 3.3 Present Study The input data used in the previ ous study and the parame ter va lues of the model used in the calibration study were used to simulate reservoir tempera­ ture profiles and outflow temperatures. The se lective withdrawal capability which wa s not required in Eklutna Lake St udy was implemented to simulate operation of the multi-level intakes. The simulated temperature profiles and outflow temperatures are shown in Figs . 37, 38 and 39. The resul ts in dicate that the temperature profiles obtained in the two studies are re lative ly similar, and the di fference in outflow te mperatures betwe en the two studies are within O. 5° e (average). Both studies also predicted an increase of about 6°e in the stream fl ow temperature in late September due to discharging of wa rme r stratified water from the re servoir. A full ice cover occurs on December 1, 10 days later than the previous study . Ice thickness on December 31 was estima ted about Z5 inches, 6 inches less than the previ ous study . Si nce the ice and snow model yielded better resul ts in the Eklu tna Lake Study , the re sults obtained in the present Watana Study are also considered more accurate. -1Z- 4.0 SUMMARY In this study we have simulated the Eklutna Lake thermal behavior and ice growth based on the DYRESM Model. Some of the in put data have been improved for consistency with the nearb y cl imatic stations. The ou tflow dynamics have al so been modified to take into account the special con figuration of the horizontal intake structure, the mil d sloping bottom, and the wind forcing effect. All modi fications made to the model for the Eklutna Lake study are not ne cessarily required for the Watana and Devil Canyon re servoir studies. Bot h re servoirs will have vertical multi-level po wer intake structures with ap proach channel s. The ap proach channel s will force the intakes to withdraw more water fr om the upper la yers, therefore, the outflow algorithm has been modified to ac comodate su ch effects. The longwave radiation formula pr esented by Anderson will be used in the Susitna Reservoir Studies as this equation see ms to better ap ply to the pr oj ect location. The modifications mad e to the ice an d sn ow pr ocesses will al so remain and ot hers may be added to better model the effects of incoming frazil ice upon the total ice volume in the reservoir. The re sults of the Eklutna Lake stu dy establishes the ap plicability of the DYRESM model to accurately si mulate thermal rese rvoir processes South-Central Alaskan cl imatic conditions. in the \ The resulting DYRESM model ca librated through the Eklutna Lake Study is assumed to be applicab le to Watana reserv oir with minor modi fications to take into account the effects of ap proach channels and fr azil ice inflows. The parameter values of the Eklutna model were used to simulate Watana reservoir temperatur e pr ofiles and ou tflow temperatures. The stu dy is believed to yield improved res ults as compared with Acres'. -13- REFERENCES REFERENC ES NO. TITLES 1. R & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Project, Glacial Lake Studias," prepared for Acres American Incorporated and Alaska Power Authority, December, 1982. 2. R & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Project, DYRESM Input Data," prepared for Harza-Ebasco Susitna Joint Venture and Alaska Power Authority, August, 198 3. 3. J .M. Raphael, "Prediction of Temperature in Rivers and Reservoirs," 4. R Proc., ASCE, J. Power Div ., P02, July, 1962. & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Processed Climatic Data, Volume 1 -Susitna Glacier prepared for Alaska Power Authority, December, 1982. Project, Station," 5. R & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Project, Processed Climatic Data, Volume 2 -Denal i Station," prepared fo r Alaska Power Authority, December, 1982. 6. R & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Project, 7. R Processed Climatic Data, Volume 3 -Tyone River Station," prepared for Alaska Power Authority, December, 1982. & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Processed Cli matic Data, Volume 4 Kosina Creek prepared for Alaska Power Authority, December, 19 82. Project, Station," B. R & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Project, 9. R Processed Climatic Data, Volume 5 - Watana Station," prepared fo r Alaska Power Authority, December, 1982. & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Processed Climatic Data, Volume 6 Devil Canyon prepared for Alaska Power Authority, December, 1982. Project, Statio n," 10. R & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Pr oject, Processed Cli matic Data, Volume 7 -Sherman Station," prepared for Alaska Power Authority, December 1982. 11. R & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Processed Climatic Data, Volume 8 Eklutna Lake prepared fo r Alaska Power Authority, De cember, 1982 . -14 - Project, Stat ion," REFERENCES (cont'd) NO. TITLES 12. R & M Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Project, Field Data Collection and Processing, Supplement 1," prepared for Alaska Power Authority, December, 1982. 13. J. Imb erger, and J .c. Patterson, "A Dynamic Reservoir Simulation Hodel -DYRESM:5," Transport l1odels for Inland and Coastal Waters, Chapter 9, Academic Press, 198 1. 14. Acres American Incorporated, "S usitna Hydroelectric Pro ject, Feasibility Report -Supplement: Chapter 8," pr epared for Alaska Power Authority, 1983. -15- TABLES TABLE 1 -DYRESM Parameters for Eklutna Lake PARAMETER Convective overturn, CK Mechanical stirring (wind), ETA Temporal surface wind or cooling effects, CT Shear production for entrainment, CS Shear instability, AKH Diffusion constant for hypolimnetic mixing Drag coefficient of river inflow -16- VALUE 0.125 1.230 0.510 0.200 0.300 0.048 0.015 FIGURES 0 --� ' 1 ] ] HARZA-EBASCO Susitna Joint Venture • January 1984 Figure 1 NORTH EKLUTNA LAKE LOCATION MAP 'l J ] ] ] ] J ] - 1 j LEGEND ., b. e Station Moorings Weather Station Stream Gauge HARZA-EBASCO Susitna Joint Venture • January 1984 NORTH EKLUTNA LAKE STAT ION LOCAT IONS "' � 30000 � 24000 � 18000 3 12000 0 � 6000 0 20 � 10 � 0 ... .... -10 0: < -20 -30 -10 U} a:� :l b � � 0 "' "'"' z :;; -10 � 12 I w !!j 9 . < ... "' i 6 ... .... lA I A !" A \ J\ J� I 11 � �I. (\ r J\ J \/V v., \ 1\ A r' \f./ v � \r' 'J"\ A a "\JV fJ t ...... \) \ II V\ f\J � 1\ CAr. � I II "' "'V \� ""' �VV' �""'-"'\ � ................ A. --,../\_ ....I' ./' -� """" -'""-' �-!'-_...., .............. v '\....A..J A 1\ "-.. • /"\. ........ ...,_ \ /' '"'""· v \ I"" � " ,,.. \ 11 I I I I A • .. A I • ! J IJii "' J., N '-.. -...... ,n Jl 1 1 n n J'IJ"" An. r ....A. �J"''t ll .A .Jl. CJ Jl--t/IJ \ 1\. .A ll ..,...,... ,. .... rv II <!I JUNE I rv I I I u v ' VV'-" VV"'V" 11 21 JULY v·� II u il u u IV v 31 ..All A. v I 0 20 AUGUST vu JiT ,. I " 1\ ry...�·y ..10 1982 T -. TT "\ v 9 19 SEPTEMBER ,.,. ..... I , ,..... 29 ' . ... v " ... ......_ 9 19 OCTOBER ., I '-""' " 29 ' � '- 8 18 NOVEMBER � 28 ALASKA POWER AUTHORI!Y StJSitNA PaOJECT EKLUTN"-LAKE MFASURED WEATHER OAT... 11 AND OuTFL:JW TEMPERATURE u:i' c .------------------- N -15 ttl E � 10 "' "' Q "' 5 0 "-< � 0 ! .30000 � 24000 ' � 18000 � 12000 a � 6000 0 20 ;:; 10 i 0 w �--10 "' ,.... r-.. u \ I "" U' � r'"'\ -" I \ v "' I ' � I v \ I� ;v �-'"/I ""' '--)r"l A..-"'\. L... I -. VI ,,__ fV 1 1\ '\ .., y--I v v ---'\ I ..-·20 -30 � 10 " "\ _, I l on ' E ' Cl 1:: 0 ._ on 0 z ,. -10 L ....1"l .LA. .A 1 I 21 DfCE'MBfR 1982 � 1 31 - ... �l • I 0 .!0 JANUARY l .Mh I 30 ... � ..... I Cj j 9 FEBRUARY IA I I ----------�---------� I " _...... ,. � WI' 1\J-.-.1 � � 1-' '-.. .I - 1\ "" AA " "' r\1" �,../\ r .AI \ \N �· I 1'-\f.JV' �" ;r=T v \1 y wv ' u " ' /' --/'\.. ... ,....._ � -f-'� v-v � �/"'.....) '-'" ....., "' I A. ' A A .AI'i .J\ 1\.N � ... lu.J �.AM .AM11 r •r rr w ..... , �YV" ... • IIV' .,. 1 I 21 31 10 20 JO 10 20 MARCH 1983 APRIL HAY ALASKA POWER AUT�ORJTY SUSITNA PROJf('f DTftESH HODEL EKLUTf<A LAKf HEASURfD WEATI1ER OAT� "Tl AND OUTFLOW TfMPERATURE u:i' c: z 1982 0 i= METEOROLOGICAL AND JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH <( 1-STREAM FLOW DATA 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 Ul SHORT WAVE RADIATION i I I ' ! SKY COV ER AIR TEMPERATURE WIND SPEED w PRECIPITATION :0.:: � RELATIVE HUMIDITY < 3 HOUR WIND SPEED z ... :::> OUTFLOW AND TEMPERATURE ...J :0.:: w LAKE LEVEL INF LOWS AND TEMPERATURE • East Fork • Glacier Fork • Others SHORT WAVE RADIATION SKY COV ER w ! t . '�-H-. >-+ .l. � + i ; •t• H t • ! 1+ Cl AIR TEMPERATURE < i it t +ih �-t -tOf !t t fti•-, I j-t 1!-\1 t· + tift "+� h a: : 0 WIND SPEED J: t + �tt t I+" H ·' ;nl ;,; t � t t t; I i t--1-ff t 4-t f-ft jJ I ft u z PRECIPITATION < t L+ -tt t � i � J._ ... � ... • t It .. ! I •\I !-' i + t! RELATIVE HUMIDITY H + ! f '•·I t! i ! t I+,.,, I 1 H t I 3-HOUR WIND SPEED I HARZA-EBASCO Susitna Joint Venture • January 1984 AP RIL 5 10 15 20 ., HH ·-t I ; ' i-·� i � ;_ II ·; l I - MAY JUNE 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 t ·t t� t � ·u rtt j Itt • � lt H +if+ H;t:;rl t+l+ it ! Hi H!H+t-' + j+H 't j lrlt+ i-�H -� � h1t ltfl H-' �tt t '++ 4-;-t T ·-' jt tJ- •· ill !-+t• t ; H t ' i !I ' j. t-I � j � j + H H 1 �-il 1 li :it • � +4 i: t 'f, !f j ,, t i � � I !iit 1:H .. ;. ! I !I l •· t 4 ·!; tt d I tH � .. J j t-+:r-H-! ''' 1 -1 t l I j ! i• i � ; :r t·f l .; q-1· �-r:- EKLUTNA LAKE CLIMATIC DATA AV AI LABILITY "Tl tE' r:::: .., ctl 01 z 0 i= METEOROLOGICAL AND "' Iii STREAM FLOW DATA SHORTWAVE RADIATION SKY COV ER AIR TEMPERATURE WIND SPEED w PRECIPITATION ::.l � RELATIVE HUMIDITY "' z 3-HOUR WIND SPEED 1-::l -' OUTF LOW AND TEMPERATURE ::.l w LAKE LEVEL INF LOWS AND TEMPERATURE • East Fork • Glacier Fork • Others SHORTWAVE RADIATION SKY COVER w Cl AIR TEMPERATURE "' a: 0 :I: WIND SPEED () z PRECIPITATION "' RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3 HOUR WIND SPEED JULY AUGUST 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 �. ll I rr .�' I� . � .� � + l ! ' I fj.l ��� i ; I fll I! *� I ')� � ���� ' ·�� !� � i tl1i' Hf· 'I ... l ! • . tl� ii ��� ��· ,; I •I I . il! H i !• I t l � ; t !t ! ' j ' I ; I I· I!J' I I :i ' ijll t I It I 111!'11� 1 T :j I 1 I I! L i ' � t � ... '' HH i. :ir!! '! I·H ' i; 'rt> .. + +t lot• t!t 'I tl It ,j l!i• II; !• f• i : H �-t �t +U!i ll' I� t·H t 11'1 1 :i !it H '; jl '; ;, " itt i 'j i ' I· td + -! i!J '. � i! HI � d+ t t TJ' i • I dt• ; . � f j. • t tl � d II i ! d ! r t 'ft tiH • -t ; i • .;. :! I j' I; t ft I •· t + �lt�hHitH� d fH1 "jr it• j I'' !·•• ::!':I'! • lj .;!j �-d� ... ;!-+ � I HARZA-E BASCO Susitna Join' Venture • January 1984 5 :• II !I ' r I It I Hjj • � .. t· I'!! H· 1 II II 1982 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 ' t li 'il�itrfHll ;I ! H t t � 111 r m Hd -�; � Ht+ Jtti + d! t t I' tl ! I Ill! r l 1lllil ; I I! • liH It Iii I Ill!" il r ti � ·t�� Hit •jt j+tt d .. i!ill!it HI id !I I jjj• ' ii j'l' ;,., '!'' i-t+ 11H t l I l tift • I it t It• •'l• lr I " I t i •U! I tl tf I !I jt<tlHJ I! tH! I' liP I !11 f IH I ill I t' l I I ti tl t•t 't l 'I II '! +It li1 h• I It • ;I" ! 'I :t;t '. 11:H 'tH t1 •; • I It I. 'I I I' I I I I :. ! i It Ht I I fi' I li Wmr !t•· I*. 11·1 f •lt ' ' �In ,,,. tl:t H t ifd ;if, !i I •'il <t•t ! t p l H•· qiJ, •! ft t ,,; I' II 11 ' I NOVEMBER DECEMBER 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 lll t Jl I I I t i; I l I l I "II�''' ,, I t! I i pi' ! H .. , .. , HI i; H o I '! H rl II IHW jl I lit' i l't 1' 1 •itl tid ,rr 1111 .. lr II t -�·d' t-+ uriHlt d j tt t t � t ·t l 4j i d · ",. ·!tr 1" ti t! 'i i t-� i • l II II 'H I• 't�'+ .. i_ r' •' I1 ' � •i' + ... � �+ t t t'! t .. � • ' ! ! • i 'it •i-+ ;> ·t �H •• !t lfti Hh It qjl I� i I� Htt i ! I I II +H ;j!i it +!�I q�! f• •t .l.H � t 1 i. t ·11; I I !i •Hili• I Hot"" ,.,t l<t· !If it:! II H I I i H •Ill l1 fi ltd ·fd r'tl �:H tP t r ttH 1 t •!t rlii ++Ill i li11 .... '"'11''' .l,i : H if! tf I ql tlll t!ft I itt� p,j "'t ... . ... ' t '·t � ' .. + I i I t+· 't· ... +-t !- . ; EKLUTNA LAKE CLIMAT IC DATA AVA ILAB ILITY , tE' c ..., CD 0> z 0 j: METEOROLOGICAL ANO c( 1-STREAM FLOW DATA Ill SHORT WAVE RADIATION SKY COV ER AIR TEMPERATURE WIND SPEED w PRECIPITATION !ol � RELATIVE HUMIDITY c( 3 HOUR WIND SPEED z 1-::> OUTF LOW AND TEMPERATURE ..J !ol w LAKE LEVEL INFLOWS AND TEMPERATURE • East Fork • Glacillf' Fork • Others SHORTWAVE RADIATION SKY COVER w C) AIR TEMPERATURE <( a: 0 WIND SPEED :I: u z PRECIPITATION <( RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3 HOUR WIND SPEED JANUARY FEBRUARY 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 ' i F l \f! 1 1 • ,q IJl!W 'i J 1!1 !ll r tn I I • ., r' ·· 't tIt\ i' • r! •; II 'II i l � j4 Ht t j 1 t tW; t t th iht . ; q. � :,.._ r �- 'l! � l � I t ll il t •P i � l!H t t l � t f. H t : �- f�l t !lit •·H �f I! I l "i · '!! '!I �·It j t!ll tt I:H •'t! t ·t t H f ! � I t ! ' '' I It 'I 1 t ' i ! i I • tj I i-, t .. I f tHl ·t+t Htt •'i: ,1+ HH .;d ;fjl tl" t 1 � t j j I� I �. d I " '' i't f I I ,, i ' HARZA-EBASCO Susitna Joint Venture • January 1984 1983 MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 ' �111 ·m 11 rn 1 ·n ' � :� II t� �11 Ill II II I It I t • I ' t � i J! I I 1 t t• iff! f f HI; '" ill I' + ·t j I �1 I ! ti i II tit If i i Ht t •. t+ +l ;. I �H ' t -t tft i •-t-t -i+t• +ft t " i 1i d t. It ,f., H t t q J t' ·I r t !· •• t � � d: i t t' tlP j I + f·� t t i ; i j it t ·j " t It l •P + t j � t j H• . ,.1 t t tt t H 1 .,. ltH i+l ip � t. +�� ·'t �+'H ' ll lll " rr 1111 II II II f -dt+-+- t !• t • h · H + K I .;.It '+ H� t+t ft • tj 1-t!·• t ... � H� > - t + + + f.J.->-I . I ill II � I I t �' l I I! j t t l I, l-t t i t ·I H I �� l 1- -t " j i II .. � � i l t l H I I ' I t t •l H-t lt ·F, r ·+t H i I lf.t t f 11 ifH tJ It " t !! f-it+ 't+•i+ -f .i t l-1 .�n 1 -· ·I H �' -t t'. t tl i tl l t1 ·t ••· rt· ri- l � t· t j l t : i � t H t t I I· "f.:-'"- EKLUTNA LAKE CLIMATIC DATA AVAI LABILITY , cE" c: .., Cl) -...! z 0 i= METEOROLOGICAL AND < Iii STREAM FLOW DATA SHORT WAVE RADIATION SKY COV ER AIR TEMPERATURE WIND SPEED w PRECIPITATION :w: � RELATIVE HUMIDITY < z 3 HOUR WIND SPEED 1-::J OUTF LOW AND TEMPERATURE ...J :w: w LAKE LEVEL INF LOWS AND TEMPERATURE • East Fork • Glacier Fork • Others SHORT WAVE RADIATION SKY COV ER w Cl AIR TEMPERATURE < a: 0 WIND SPEED :I: tJ z PRECIPITATION < RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3 HOUR WIND SPEED JULY 5 10 15 20 25 30 r lll Jill[� j i!l!ml t • !\II •ill ill! •li• ;j., f j tt '! •' '-I �; I t ' ! ; • •I I ll ltt r I it! i l !P •: • •1 t • f t ;.j; '''! .. I ' t "' •ft!-;· t·l· .;,, ll Hlfl �� t+ i tl\• I Itt ttl •t• �tH 1 '� t ll ! t t1 I I : t I ; � � 1 p! I i if H i •·H t lid It d! il, 11 d· :I ' ll Itt! '�'! d:t I i I � i I I ii• l � i· l t + q '· i !l t-! t ·t HARZA-EBASCO Susitna Joint Venture • January 1984 AUGUST 5 10 15 20 25 iW Wil II 'II "" :I ' � i !j t d II" 30 II t! !• idl ••·t .,;! "'l :· 1 t! t ll' l!t ··d ·lti ,;.; !1 t I !·i· 1';1 • I ,,., t: I !•!t •ill i! • �H •1 H t·l• tH' !ft f -f 11 11tr !11 mr 11 •it it' t d t -� tl t •· t I + H •!tt r t t � t t t it ··+t• tfit t� t �1 ... -+'t+tt t ·tt; �t· rF· dt ••t• I I + t-1 ! tl! !f! ; !' ·tt; r�d t til t i! ·: ·t f � t I !-' i I 1 '1 I . 5 1983 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 ' . r II II 1111 II l -t t I I h + t t . 'I :Tt t:tt i I •t t·it t' • It l. flillt r ;t Tt :t�t I It J• d r P!, +1 t!!' ' ; � • i • * -! !·• ! . ! t l t t t � ! H ,. � I HH t i � 'f t � + -+ l l t i t ' t * .. t +1 � t tft jH._� +� .. � .. f+ t t it ·+ II !• !i I ! I! I EKLUTNA LAKE CLIMAT IC DATA AVAILAB ILITY 25 30 , iC' c: .... CD (X) 6 50 / .... � • w ( 1-w ::E ..,' -40 ::E ( 0 1-( 5 10 I w I > 0 CD "'30' 1-:X: (.!) w I :X: I ...... . u l I 10 • I • 0 4 :&= I X J -t'I'T --· 1--_0.9J --v· X X X A----...... ... �--0 -<:T ,· / 0 /. X / 0 X ., ...... ., 0 0 0 I( 0 :!> X X p X 0 ,/ =;. 0 ,..." 0 ,/ / / X (:. I X J x 0/ X I )( 0f )( I X 0 1 >v I LEG END• I 0 ---JUNE I-PREDICTED } I X JUNE 18 -MEASURED � 0 I JUNE 18-PREDICTED X I 0 JULY 14 -MEASU REO X I ---JULY 14-PREDICTEO I 1962 DATA I I I 5 6 7 8 9 TEMPERATUR E (°C } 10 II 12 13 EKLUTNA LAKE OBSE RV ED AND PREDICTED TEMPERATU RE PROFILES JUNE /J ULY (Acres) - 1 4 , ca· c .., Cll co � X 6 0 �--------�--------+---------+-------���--------4---------4-------��--�----�--------�--------� �� XX � I X X ....... -�..----_j /EJ I� X ,-:' 50 �------�--------�--------4-------�:��-----=�--�---�-r.-�-----=�-----�,��,��:��1��------�--�·�·----�------� :�--g =-� � /ieJ; . �40 �--------�--------+---------+-����� ���1 1--------�--------�--------�--------�--------�--------� � v ?� � � I g �fl./ I g -I ���----------�--------+---���--+-----���--------�--------�--------�--------�--------�--------� � --� \!} I � 8 I : 8 /i 0 l zo�----�r-----�1--IY,----4------- 1 �:r-------4-------+-------+- 8< I 0 -�' - -1 LEGEND• 8 AUGUST II -MEASURED ---AUGUST II-PREDICTED X SEPTEMBER 9 -MEASURED ----1 ---SEPTEMBER 9 -PR EDICTED 0 SEPTEMBER 21 -MEASURED ---SEPTEMBER 21 -PREDICTED 1982 DATA IO r---------r-------��--r-----+-+-------4---------�--------�--------�--------�--------��------� 13 EI<LUTNA LAI<E OBSERV ED AND PRED ICTED TEMPERATU RE PROFILES AUGUST I SEPTEMBER (Acres) II 14 iQ' c ..., ' CD �----------------------------------------------------------------------�--------------------�--------�0 (/) a: UJ 1-UJ 60 50 �40 � g .... 0 al UJ � al <{ 30 5: l!) UJ :r 20 10 r---------......._ ( --..._..._ 0 ..._ _ ... .... ,_ 0 .., 0 ! "' ..... I 0 0 I 0 I 0 ""' \;1 0 l cJ " fJ i I I I I I I I I l I I I I b 2 3 4 X X X X X 1\ X X X 5 TEMPERATURE (°C ) I ! I I . I . I i ! I i . I . I : ! / ( I i 6 8 EJ EJ El El 1.-. l w LEGEND a E1 OCTOBER I4 -MEASUREO EJ ---OCTOB ER 14·PREDICTED X NOVEMBER 4-MEASUR ED NOVEMBER 4-PRE DICTED 0 JANUARY 31-MEASUREO El ---DECEMBER 31 -PRED ICT ED 1982 DAT I I 7 8 9 EI<LUTNA LAI<E OBSERVED AND PRED ICTED TEMPERATURE PROFILES OCTOBER I DECEMBER (Acres) - 10 :!! c.c c: .., CD _. �------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------�-' 4 12 10 -u !!.. 8 II 4 2 0 rV � A RECORDED OUTFLOW '\ TEMPERATURE A A j , A \fJW �\f\j V V\ r;J lf\-N � r vu V �·Y "0.(' '\ .-------· r, "\. '-----t-J l "-- ; ., ... --I ---I V\-1 ... - I �� .,.J .,.. / . ( � ...... " .. ./' J \1''1 .,.. ,., v/ I II 21 JUNE NOTE S: II TIME SCALE IS IN INCREMENTS OF 10 DAYS . 2 l BASED ON 1982 DATA . II 21 JULY ' _.I SIMULATED OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE I 31 9 19 MONTH (1962) AUGUST 1---SIMULATION RESTARTED I 29 6 16 SEPTEMBER EKLUTNA LAKE RESE RVOIR TEMPREATU RE SIMULATION JUNE I SEPTEMBER ---1--\._ ---- I 26 8 ., cE' c: .., CD (Acres St udy, 1982-1983) L---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------�N 14 12 10 u !. 8 ... a: ::> ti a: ... IL :a ... ... 6 2 0 /RECORDED OUTFLOW TEIIPERATURf ts_ � ..... .... ..... -� (,\-_ �� ' ', /\. ..... ___ v_ Y _Jc ..... ..... _ SIMULATED 7 8 18 OCTOBER I 28 OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE 7 17 NOV[IIBER NOTES: I) TIME SCALE IS IN INCREMENTS OF 10 DAYS . 2) BASED ON 1982 DATA. MONTH (1 982) 27 I � r;\( 7 . 17 DECEIIBER 27 -- I EKLUTNA LAKE RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE SIMU LATION OCTOB ER I DECEMBER (Acres Stu dy, 1982-1983) ., us· c: .., CD L---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------_JW >­ <( 0 -...,.. � 35 � 30 * 0 0 0 z 0 1-­ <( 25 -20 0 <( 0:::: w > <( 3 C) z 0 __J C) z 2: 0 u z >­__J <( 0 15 10 5 0 / u· � � I ...... v -40 ./ v v v , � v 1./ ,.,... v . v t � ., / -30 / "' v / �"' l ...... io' II! .,...v �J / / v v �,. :J� � , v t? )" � -:. v v-� ,' � �·/' 7 !,.) -20 -10 / / v / ld � v ,( v �"'v I / I/ ..�.' v I/ /� �v I / /v /v / l). y I/ / / / v I/ / / / v v v v / ·'� 0 1 0 Figure 14 j� 1/ / v I I j �� � 20 30 TEMP ERATURE -CELC IUS LEGEND : � f> ANDERSON'S EQUATION (CLO UD = 0.0) (9 E!) ANDERSON'S EQUATION (CLO UD = 1.0) (9--- -E!l SW INBANK'S EQU ATION (CLOUD = 0.0) +---+ SW INBANK'S EQUATION (CLOUD = 1.0) Z MEASU RED ON NOVEMBER 11,1982 NOTE: RELAT IVE HUMI DITY = 60 I. FOR ALL CURVES AL ASKA POWER AU THOR ITY SUSI TNA PROJECT OTRESM MODEL EK LUTNA LAKE MODEL CAL IBRAT ION LONGWAVE RADIATION FORMUL A HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE Figure 15 60 �� u 50 ,.....,. � [!] �---..J •B [!] �---- � v [!]/ � [!]: � v (j) cr:: w 1-- w 40 2: '-" 2: 0 1--1-- 0 30 en w > � ��I ( [!] /I ( [!] [!] v [!] _,,.. � v � [!]/ �!I �_; �/ f;� < I 0 en <( if!J 1--20 I [!] (.9 ,..._.. < w u ' I , 10 [!] Jl [!] 0 -v '-' 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 1 4 TEMPERAT URE CCEL C I US) LEGEND : AL ASKA POWER AU THOR ITY ------ � JUNE 18. 1982 -MEASURED SUS ITNA PROJECT OTRESM MODEL JUNE 18. 1982 -PREDI CTED EKL UTNA LAKE [!J JUL Y 14. 1982 -MEASURED OBSERVED AND PRED ICTED ----JUL Y 1 4. 1982 -PRED ICTED TEMP ERATURE PROFILES HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE I I I I I I I I I(() 15 l r-- 1 � 12: l o I� I � l w I� I� l r--1� I� I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4 LEGEND : � -- [!] Figun� 16 t'T'I I � -c: I � s: o l !] J(f)� ,.,., !)I '-' ;;Y c:J "' I / � �[J v �/� � c:J ... --' / ¢c:J "_..,.,...-i�� �, /1 v � �/: 1 J. I �·' I I j lc:J (!) I I �� ,I < '-' I I � ....... J I -� � I I I � I �p / �) I I I 1 � ,.,., J !-' I � � � '-' 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 12 1 3 14 TEMPERATURE (CEL C I US) AUGUST 11. 1982 -MEASURED AUGUST 11 • 1 982 -PREDICTED SEPTEMBER 9. 1 982 -MEASURED SEPT EMBER 9. 1982 -PRED ICTED SEPT EMB ER 21 , 1982 -MEASURED SEP T EMBER 21 . 1982 -PRED ICTED ALASKA POWER AU THO RI TY SUS ITNA PRO.JECT DYRESM MODEL EKL UTNA LAKE OBSERV ED AND PREDI CTED TEMP ERATURE PROFI LES HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE i I I I I I I I I I I I lu; 1 es 1 1--w I� I L l o I� 1 as l w IE; I� 1 �---- 1� I� I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 LEGEND : � -- f!J 2 3 4 TEMP ERAT URE OCTOBER 1 4, 1 982 -MEASURED OCT OBER 14. 1982 -PRED ICTED NOVEMBER 4. 1982 -ME ASURED NOV EMB ER 4, 1 982 -PRED ICTED Figure 17 (!] � (!] �I ' � ...... � ' (!] �. ' (!] � (!] � ' CJ �· ( ,I I I"'M ...... v i I � (!] � A. v � � A. ...... 5 6 7 8 (CEL C I US) AL ASKA POWER AUT HOR ITY SUSITNA PROJECT I OYRESM MODEL EKL UTNA LAKE OBSERVED AND PRED ICTED TEMP ERATURE PROFILES HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE Cll lCAacl. ILLIIIOIS 130 OEC 13 1 156 3.142 HY01S I I I I I I I I I lu; 15 60 50 l r- 1 � 40 I I 1 6 I� I � 3 o l w I ES I� I r-20 I� I� I I I I I I I I I I 10 0 LEGEND : 4 I I I I - -.....-- I I Figure 18 �� I � � v -- /-�� � I �s I < 1. � �; J �v /I I �I v I f I l l �J � ...., 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 TEMP ERATURE-(CEL C I US) MEASURED TEMPERATURE DI STRIBUT ION ACRES SIMULAT ION CE505 1) H/E SIMULAT ION ALASKA POWER AU THOR ITY SUS ITHA PROJECT OTRESM MODEL EKLUTNA LAKE MODEL CALIBRAT ION 18 JUNE 1982 HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE I I I I I I I I lu; I� 60 50 I·�- I � 40 I I I � ,� I � 3 o l w lb I� I �---20 I G I� I I I I I I I I I I 10 0 I I I LEGEND : I I I 4 Figure 19 ��� v I �---"' __, � // I �: v '>l �; � � �I / 0/ , A v (1 ld I I VI I � I I � I I I I I 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 3 14 TEMP ERATURE-CCEL CI US) MEASURED TEMP ERATURE DI STRI BUT ION ACRES SIMULAT ION CE505 1) H/E SIMULAT ION AL ASKA POWER AU THOR ITY SUS ITNA PROJECT DYRESM MODEL EKL UTNA LAKE MO DEL CALIBRAT ION 1 4 JUL Y 1 982 HARZA-EBASCO J0 1NT VENTURE . I I I I I I I I lu; 15 60 50 I � I � 40 I I 1 6 I � 1 as l w I� I� 30 I � 20 lt5 I� I I I I I I I I I I 1 0 0 I I I LEGEND : I I 4 _,-� I v. II I � ;� ;, ;� I ¢ � � .... - < ¢ �...- - . I ,..,.... ... Figure 20 I> ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ..("" 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TEMP ERATURE-(CELCIUS) MEASURED TEMPERATURE DISTRI B UT ION ACRES SIMULAT ION <ES05 1) HIE SIMULAT ION AL A SKA POWER AU THOR ITY SUSl TNA PROJECT OYRESM MODEL EKLUTNA LAKE MODEL CALIBRAT ION 28 JUL Y 1982 HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VEN TURE I I I I I I I I I lu; 15 60 50 1�- 1 5 40 I I �� 1:= I � 3o l w I� I� I 1-20 IZ3 I� I I I I I I I I I I 10 0 I I I LEGEND : I I I 4 Figure 21 I u \, J <'>< J.,. [} (f)� � � [__J /� �---- <j' � < I v I/ � (f) 'V/ � } /" V l I � I I I � ' I � I I I I � I I I I � I I I � I � I 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 TEMP ERAT URE-(CEL CI US) MEASURED TEMPERATURE DI STRI BUT ION ACRES SIMULAT ION CES051 ) HIE SIMULAT ION ALASKA POWER AU THORI TY SUS ITHA PRO.JECT OTRESM MODEL EKL UTNA LAKE MODEL CALIBRAT ION 10 AUGUST 1982 HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE 60 50 ,....._ (/) 0::::: w I-- w 40 :L '--/ I :L 0 I--I-- 0 30 en w > 0 en <( I--20 I C) ........ w I 10 0 5 LEGEND : Figure 22 � __. � � - � � ,- / � I ./-/ p r J Lo j 7 L I 1// I 1,1 J < I I < I I 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 TEMP ERAT URE-(CELCI US) MEASURED TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUT ION ACR ES SIMULAT ION <ES05 1) HIE SIMULAT ION AL ASKA POWER AUTHOR ITY SUS ITNA PROJECT OYRESM MODEL EKL UTNA LAKE MODEL CALIBRAT ION 25 AUGUS T 1982 HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE I I I I 70 I I I 60 I I I ,......_ U) I 0:::: 50 w I 1- w I 2: ......... I I I 2: 40 0 I 1-1- I 0 en I w 30 I > 0 I en <( I 1- I I 0 20 I ......... w I I I I 1 0 I I I 0 ,, I I 5 I I LEGEND : I ------... � I ---- .. I I I Figure 23 � I � I � � I � L/ � � -::::----:� � � �� p "' ;:� jll I "/> � A j I J I !' j · I � I l 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 12 1 3 TEMP ERAT URE-(CELCI US) MEASURED TEMPERATURE DI STRI BUT ION ACRES SIMULAT ION <E5051 ) H/E SIMUL AT ION ALASKA POWER AU THOR ITY SUS!TNA PROJECT DYRESH HODEL EKL UTNA LAKE MODEL CAL IBRAT ION 9 SEPT EMBER 1982 HAR ZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE CHI C,\�. 1LL11101S 12· DEC IJ I 1 S6J. 1 42 HY06 I I I I I I I I I I lu; 70 60 I 5 5o I � I � I I 1 � 4 0 I� I � l w I 6 3o I� I � I � 20 I� I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 10 0 LEGEND : 5 Figure 24 I I i. I I� I I I� I I 1 I I I � I I I ..... ! J I lJ \ J , o/..J 6 �, A (l � 6 7 8 9 10 TEMP ERAT URE-(CELCI US) MEASURED TEMP ERATURE DI STRIBUT ION ACRES SIMULAT ION CESOS lJ HIE SI MULAT ION AL ASKA POWER AU THOR ITY SUSl TNA PROJECT OTRESM MODEL EKL UTNA LAKE MODEL CAL IBRAT ION 21 SEPT EMB ER 1982 HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE 10 (f) ........ :L I 5 0 w w (L (f) 0 0 z: -5 u I w 20 n::: I 5 ::::> 1--<( n::: w o_ I 0 :L w 1-- 3: 0 _J LL 1-­::::> 0 5 0 I v I I -/ 21 \ \7V� 1\./V �"\ 30 10 JUL Y 20 f V NO TE• MEASURED 6-HOUR IIINOSPEED AND OUTFLOII TEMP ERATURES v 30 -------------·---------------- --- I .--/\. 1\ /'.... v 9 19 AUGUST 1982 1\ A �-1/ V"'--J \ / I 29 \ / "\.r v v v �� 8 18 SEPT EMBER 28 ALASKA POIIER AU THO RITY FROM GLACIAL LAKES STUDIES PREPARED BY R � M CONSUL TANTS. SUS! fNA PtlO.J£CT DfltUn ttOD!l ----------------· EKL UTNA LAKE MEASURED IIINOSPEEO AND tc, 1--'0:.:Uc_:..T:.f: l:c.:D:.:IIc_:_T E,.,M_::.P_,E.::R:.:_A T:__:U:::Rc:::E�, � HARZA-EBASCO JO IN! VENTURE (l) 1 � -L: � I LJJ u �· 0 II 20 -� u 15 � I w a: -::J r-<( a: IV \ w .. 10 (L VY-\-... WV.'::N. .JV,.. .. 'if. L: w .. . r-: · ...... /'v -----..... --�' 3 : �""J I 0 -::--:-. _/)//' . ,-_] LL -: . ...--'""' " I 5 .. , .... , r-:_y--::J 0 -- 0 I 1 1 1 21 l 1 l 21 31 JUNE JUL Y LEGEND• MEASURED OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE -----ACRES PRED ICTED OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE ...................... HIE PRED ICTED OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE ·-----1--·-·--· -·------- I I . � . {\ . .. . .. ,,._1\Jf ,' 'fi:.. ll\N.-.\1 \if.� \1 • .·;...·r FE:.· \A ,-¥ "(, ___ -\-ii... JZ·· ·� \11��-:. � .'":\.r.: --- -- --..:.: -- I I 10 20 30 9 19 29 AUGUS T SE PTEM BER 1982 ·-·1·-·-··------·�---·--·· f··- .., -,....-I I �-.. ---1.(•· � ·· .. � \:· ........ -.......... \ 7'1··\ ..... ____ ....:·Y-· i.. �-- ----I 9 19 29 8 18 28 OCTOBER NOV EMBER AL ASKA POWER AUTHOR ITY SUS I INA PIWJECJ I D1REStl HODEL EKLUTNA LAKE MODEL CALIBRAT ION I OF 2 IIARZ A-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE Ctt\cAr;U. IlliNOIS 114 r\.1.11 14 1 IS6J .\42 !HOi ., .a· c: ... <1> 1-.: 0: 1 � 2: � � -----11 -------- I �----e --···· .. .......... ---w ./ ,,•" � u . ,_. . ., . . .... --- . . ... I I I 0 20 � u 15 � I w 0::: ::J 1-- <( 0::: w 1 0 (L 2: w 1-- 3 0 _.J LL 1--5 ::J 0 -\--� ---��-=-;;). �-� �--�, ..... ........... ---·-�'(>· ---n,....-. --n -,..._-.. .. --·.· \ 0 II I 1 11 21 31 1 0 20 30 9 19 DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUAR Y 1982 LEGEND • MEASURED OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE -----ACRES PRED ICTED OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE . .................... H/E PRED ICTED OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE � HEASURED ICE THI CKNE SS. STAT ION 5 [!J HEASURED ICE THI CKNE SS . STAT ION 9 (!) HEASURED ICE THI CKNE SS, STAT ION II + HEASURED ICE THI CKNESS , STAT ION 13 -�-�------�-------- ................ ' ' ' -.......... ......... . •, .. ........ .. ...... ---II ' ·--·. -----r ................ � ..,.. ......... - II 1 1 1 21 31 10 20 MAR CH APR IL 1983 II - .AF �v n 30 --- .. ... ,., •, ... I / �· 'r . .. .. �,-:-...-··N Rr' 10 20 30 MAY ALASKA POWER AUTHOR ITY SUS! fNA PROJECf I DfRESM HODEl EKLUTNA LAKE HODEL CAL IBRAT ION 2 OF 2 HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VEN TURE CHIC�CIL IUIIWIS 14 M411 ••I 1563 .1-40! Hf08 ., .o· c ..., C1l N -...! l \ . j �l I l '.J ] �]. ] ] HARZA-EBASCO Susitna Joint Ventu re • January 1984 Figure 28 NORTH CLIMAT IC STAT IONS IN UPPER SUSITNA BASI N z 0 ;:: JANUARY <( Iii METEOROLOGICAL DATA 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 SHORT WAVE RADIATION II II I; SKY COV ER II II II <( AIR TEMPERATURE ft· +H z j � ·t <( WINO SPEED 1-< '' ' 3: PRECIPITATION RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3-HOUR WINO SPEED SHORT WAVE RADIATION z SKY COV ER 0 >-z AIR TEMPERATURE t) WIND SPEED ...1 > PRECIPITATION w 0 RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3 HOUR WINO SPEED SHORT WAVE RADIATION SKY COV ER <( AIR TEMPERATURE z t iii WIND SPEED 0 :..! PRECIPITATION RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3 HOUR WIND SPEED HARZA-E BASCO Susitna Joint Venture • January 1984 1981 FEBRUARY MARCH AP RIL 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 • II I ! MAY JUNE 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 It i SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT CLIMATIC DATA AV AILABILITY 25 , ci5' c ..... CD N <0 z 0 i= JULY 4( 1-METEOROLOGICAL DATA 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 "' SHORT WAVE RADIATION I lill tlll I lltl ; SKY COV ER II I 4( AIR TEMPERATURE z � WIND SPEED 4( , -.. �-H + � t +-t t i lt ; I :.: PRECIPITATION I ++ RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3 HOUR WIND SPEED I 11 r � SHORT WAVE RADIATION I z SKY COV ER 0 > AIR TEMPERATURE z I � WIND SPEED ..J . ,ft ! > PRECIPITATION w t 0 RELATIVE HUMIDITY I t- i � ft 3 HOUR WIND SPEED SHORT WAVE RADIATION • � SKY COVER 4( AIR TEMPERATURE z iii WIND SPEED 0 1 f-1-f :.:: PRECIPITATION t + RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3 HOUR WIND SPEED HARZA-EBASCO Susitna Joint Venture • January 1984 1981 AUGUST SEPTEMBER 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 5 ' ! I I I r ·t-H -r + � -t i I I!! I t t OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 30 I I t II I I l j SUSITNA HYDROELECTR IC PROJECT CLIMATIC DATA AVAILABILITY ., us· c ..... CD w 0 z 0 ;::: <( 1-METEOROLOGICAL DATA en SHORTWAVE RADIATION SKY COV ER <( z 1-AIR TEMPERATURE w w � WIND SPEED ..J <( PRECIPITATION 1- RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3 HOUR WIND SPEED JANUARY 5 10 15 20 25 30 Ll dJ1Ul)H!(j 1 1il: .1 1 -t f.· -l + t-t l j I t -fj t f • +! I • � t' t t • ' ' ! • � ' ! : " !:;+ hh ·t·· !tl •·'· "" fH+ • .,_.. •ttt ft-it-tt•· ,Jt. i 1 •-t �" t �-: j �i J H! ! 1ft j;, l ·+ t. t; -t i!. � . t ! d f i! l HARZA-EBASCO Susitna Joint Venture • January 1984 FEBRUARY 5 10 15 20 25 Ill !I 11111 Jl J: 1lll! i I I IH :·1· :lit '!1' lT :; i ·I! ·tft 1:il ;J!t f•· li: ' q .: i ·I!+ i litt ;�H tttt !•!; 1 •'f fl!-; ;l'·t· H. i !' j 1 � t • I t I' t I t i I 5 t p t H i t t it f 1981 MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 26 30 5 10 15 20 25 -IIH fU(IIIti :��:l�"��ij��� t �. ffi lll!lil I I II 1111 11111111 II t tH-1 + �� t � H t+t+ I . j • i"+ ,H t f.!. t t i I H I I ! t�tHd+ +'tl 'tt H �if! I t rn �. ; ti :1. 1 t � +tt .. f t l +ti 1 l + I 1111 i ! p't •tH 1H H dtft j trif -i H-1 f+ I + H ' ' . I 11 I 'H I t t fH t j I ,·; H + tti j 1111111 i 1 H-ll ,, +H H· t t � i -� -+ I 'Ill II II I It 1 1 . . t IIIH , c.c c SUSITNA HYDROELECT R IC PROJECT Cil CLIMAT IC DATA AV AI LABILITY w z 0 i= "' t; METEOROLOGICAL DATA SHORTWAVE RADIATION SKY COV ER < z AIR TEMPERATURE 1-w w :0.: WIND SPEED -I "' PRECIPITATION 1- RELATIVE HUMIDITY 3 HOUR WINO SPEED JULY 5 10 15 20 25 30 ; tL1 Ill '111 1 + ' ilil 1�1 � ;i t i t�t • 'H "ti +ttJ i :1" .;,1 "I I,; fl .,. ;. j !l•t .,,! t:·f t ;j • ; t• I I t'' tjtf lttj !•'• ,, !f! i � ' l '! l !I!';! I HARZA-E BASCO Susitna Joint Venture • January 1984 AUGUST 5 10 15 20 25 I I I I 'li u l I� IIJI 1HH !W ! I ! • I � t.·l d)l ip tJjt 1Pt ,,.! 1ttj ttl! t t if I dit i • !!;H'h! t •·I· .,,. I ; � I t ! I ji ; I t f ' 30 1981 SEPTEMBER 5 10 15 20 25 !III II Ill t !I t ttit It t !I f t H lt !·! P • i It ! tl 5 I I+ H i It l f OCTOB ER NOVEMBER DECEMBER 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 t I IIi 11111 Ill I! u II /I IIII H4 t l+ it t n it + • 1 i f tjt t j' i : i tt' it' ! t t-+<-·t 'l di H t t lf t h !t � t·t -1" +'i t + Ht i tf t tl tt+lt ! ! I � t ! ' tt Itt ' t t t l � ·t +t h . t H r l t i ! + ' SUSITNA HYDROELECTR IC PROJECT CLIMAT IC DATA AVA ILAB ILITY t 30 11 tE' c: .., CD w I'.) 2200 2150 2100 20!50 I 19!50 1900 18!50 1800 17!!10 2 NOTE: TEMPERATURE PROFILES SIMU LATED US ING 1981 DATA . (CASE C) I 3 4 r �· �$ -� -� �- I : I I � � 6 7 8 WATER TEMPERATURE (°C) • _, ; I _.1 1 I I I I tl ':i"'� :' LEGEN D• JUNE 1,1981 --- JULY I, 1981 ---AUGUST 11 1981 9 10 II WATANA RESERVO IR TEMPERATU RE PROF ILES JUNE I AUGUST (Acres) Figure 33 12 2200 \ 2150 ' �'" 1' ••• ' ,, .. 2100 ··� \ 2050 � ' \ ! 1950 1900 1850 1800 1750 2 NOTE: TEM PERATU RE PROFILES SIMULATED USING 1981 DATA . (CASE C) � � � 1 I II :I .I II I .I :I I I I i: 4 Figure 34 '� I I I I I I I I I I i �/ / I I /� I � I J ' v"' .,l�l �� I I I / I i_ r I I LEGEND: I ----SEPTE MBER I, 1981 _ OCTOBER I, 1981 ---NOVEMBER I, 1981 ---DECEMBER I, 198 1 -···-DECEMBER 31, 1981 _ I 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 WATER TEM PERATU RE (°C) WATANA RESERVO IR TEMPERATURE PROFI LES SEPTEMBER I DECEMBER (Acres) 14 10 u L ... 8 0: ::> ... .. 0: ... G. :I ... ... 6 4 2 0 A[\ "' � ....., � \ I v I �, f.-/� vr ��-I I I I /""'.) I I ' LV I �OUTFLOW -� �· .1"\ I I I I 1 I I I 1 I t I � II I I � d 10 20 30 J UNE NOTES: I) T I M E SCALE IS IN INCREMENTS Of 10 DAYS . 2) BASED ON 1981 OATA, WATANA OPEH ATION 3) RUN W4020; WITH OUTFLOW TEMP£RATUR E FOLLOWING INFLOW TEMPERATURE. 4) JULY INFLOW TEMPERATURES EST IMATED (CASE C) (" .. ---' ...... I I I I I I I " � JULY V\ '"�·t r-\ ,_ ... ___ _, J 29 \\ I I �· MONTH (1981) (A 1' \ , I �'·-A .... I I I h', d I \:t Ji �� � I I \} 1 8 18 28 AUGUST ... ""' ............... I -., I I \ ,I \1 I I l � I J ..... , L _ ' � r r\ v \ 1 17 SEPTEMBER \ ' ' ' ... .. .1 .------...... 27 7 WATANA RESE RVO IR INFLOW AND OUTF LOW TEMPE RATU RES JUNE I SEPTEMBER , 10' c: ...... CD w �------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4m 14 12 10 u B � w a: ::> � a: w Q. � 6 ... 4 2 0 I - ' ' ' ..... --....._ .... ----- ..... �':!._TfL/ .................... U'\ I NFL/ 1 NOTES: 17 OCTOBER ..,. .. ..... ..... ..... '� r--.... ....... , '\. Z7 6 I) TIME SCALE IS IN INCREMENTS OF 10 OAY S. 2) BASED ON 1981 OATA, WATANA OPERATION 3) RUN W40ZO; WITH OUTFLOW TEMPERATURE FOLLOWING INfLCW TEMPERATURE. (CASE C) ...... ,, \ 1'-"'\ 16 NOVEMBER l -�-- MONTH (1981 I ------ I 26 6 ------------ 16 DECEMBER 26 -· I WATANA RESE RVO IR INFLOW AND OUTF LOW TEMPE RATU RES OCTOBER I DECEMBER , c:c· c: ..... (1) w L-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------�� I I Figure 37 I I 250 I .· I I I �"' I 200 v ·- lu; _, (' I / ! .,.....,., I� I II" ) ',.../ lr-7 -w / I� ___,.. � 12:: 1 50 T �� lo I� I� .I •···· l w IE; 100 I� lr-I� I� p: 50 I I I I I I 0 I 3 4 5 6 I 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 I TEMPERAT URE CCEL C I US) I LEGEND : (CASE C) ALASKA POWER AU THOR ITY I ------ JUNE 1 . 1 98 1 SUSI TNA PROJECT I OTRESM MODEL I --JUL Y 1, 1981 AUGUST 1 , 1981 WAT A NA RESERVO IR I ----TEMP ERATURE PROFI LES I I HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VEN TURE I Cltl CAGO. lLL IIIOIS 130 DEC 83 1 1 56J . 142 HT 016 I r r I I I I I I I I I lu:; I� I � I � 12: I a 1:= I� lw I� I� I � I� I� 250 200 150 100 p:: 50 I I I I I I I I 0 0 LEGEND : ... . I I I I ----- I I Figure 38 ..._ I I ,,.......-I � I T I J I ,.,... .... ...r -, .... ....., .......... I .... w----_,I v- i \. I '1 I "''1 \ I ' I 2 3 4 5 TEMPERATURE (CASE C) SEP TEMBER 1, 1981 OCTOBER 1, 1981 NOVEMB ER 1,19 81 DECEMBER 1, 1981 DECEMBER 31 , 1981 6 7 8 (CELC IUS) 9 10 ALASKA POWER AU THOR ITY SUSl TNA PROJECT I OTRESM MODEL WA TANA RESERVO IR TEMP ERATURE PROF ILES HAR ZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE Clfi CAc;Q. ILLI�OIS 130 DEC 131 156 3.142 HT01 7 I w u u I w £r ::::> f-<C £r w (L L:: w 1- 3 0 __I l.L f--::::> 0 ------------------ 0 I I I I l 20 ------------· 15 - "I\ /\ I \ \ I \ /_ � t 10 /\ ,,-� fl._--:::-..._--\. - I �\ ,. ... ._ V'l J...f fi If '-J {-....., _/ .,4-'{i 5 f I 0 31 LEGEND • \J 9 19 JUN E (CASE C) 29 . ------ 9 1 9 JUL Y MEAS URED INFLO� TEMPERA TURE 29 ACRES PREDICTED OUTFLO� TEMPERA TURE H/E PREDICTED OUTFLO� TEMP ERA TURE \��' ..... �\I \ \"'" A \I I -- I 8 ..,.18 .. AUGUST WT '"" \[� � -\,� \ ........... >-. ' r\. '-._...._ I 28 '-..../ \ \ \ -�=t --- 7 17 SEP T EMBER 1 98 1 \ L 2! --..; - --/' I "\. 7 17 OCT OBER """"'-. 27 v // v v / �-/ / /" / 1 / � y \.\ �---------- 6 1 6 26 NOVEMBER r ------- 6 1 6 26 DECEMB ER ALA SKA PO�ER AUTHORI TY SUS1JNA PROJECl DfRESH MODEl �ATANA RESERV OIR INFL OW AND OUTFLOW TEMPERAT URE HARZA-EBASCO JO INT VENTURE .... co 1--·-----.--.-----l c...: l Jo\M t4 IS6J.Ii2 HfDIO (C CtiiColfOO. IlliNOIS