HomeMy WebLinkAboutAPA1610PRE-AUTHORIZATION ASSESSMENT
OF THE
PROPOSED SUSITNA RIVER HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS:
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS OF WATER QUALITY
AND AQUATIC SPECIES COMPOSITION
by
JAMES C.RIIS
Fisheries Biologist
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Sport Fish Division
Anchorage
May 1977
I TK I\L1~5 ,
@~M~~~rv~I
~1T&lT~,
JAY S.HAMMOND.GOYif,NOa ..50 t..-
Lnj -S/rl\~)u·\ilru :
AJ.:!:>nJ-:a~.i\.n'lf :lU:NT OF !:'iSn ,\.~m,Gi\.1JE !n RASPSfRRY RDAD
S~.s.............
flQ-l~/D..ao
ANCHORA Gf S950Z
March 13,1977
j .
Mr.Gordon Watson
Area Director
Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S.Department of the Interior
813 "D"Street
Anchorage,Alaska 99501
Dear Mr.l\Tatson:
Th~attached progr~ss report summarizes preliminary environmental work
related to the Corps of Engineers Susitna River Hydroelectric Project curiI'.g
the fiscal year transition quarter July l~1976 to September 30,1976.
This baseline inventory study was conducted by the Alaska Department of
Fish and Game,Sport Fish Division,under contract to the U.S.Fish and
Wildlife Service.Data collected during this study include water quantity,
water quality,and biological information as outlined in Amendment fl to
the Contract Agreemen~.
,~
I would like to express our appreciation to the U.S.Fish and Wildlife
Service for funding this project a.nd rep..e'l;Ting the contract for FY-77.
The ongoing studies will allow the continuity necessary for baseline in-
vestigations to be of value in planning extensive,long-tenn work.If the
Devils Canyon/Watana project is funded,the intensive .five year aquatic
studies should be initiated at the beg:iiming of FY-7B,in order to asc:::ss
the full impacts of hydroelectric ,development on the entire Susitna drainage
prior to design approval qnd construction..
ames C.Riis
Fishery Biologist
Division of Sport Fish
,
j,
1
Attachment
.\
t--,
ARLIS
.Alaska Resources
LIbrary &Information ServICes
Anchorage,Alaska
_._~.~~__._'_'_.__-'--~"'._..,.......-------1..-----..................--............--.....
-
....
-~
-ii-
1--
-
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
FigureS.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
LIST OF FIGURES
Devils Canyon in reference to the Susitna River watershed and
northern Cook Inlet,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Map of the upper Susitna River study area encompassed in the
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Susitna River discharge at Gold Creek,U.S.G.S.Provisional
Records,1976.
Devils Canyon and Watana Dams regulated and unregulated daily
stream flow,U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,1975.
Correlation of Susitna River discharge with water stage in
sloughs,and Chase Creek,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Correlation of Susitna River discharge with water stage in
sloughs Sand 10,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Correlation of Susitna River discharge with water stage in
sloughs 11 and 13,Devils Canyon Proj ect,1976.
Correlation of Susitna River discharge with water stage in
sloughs 14 and 15,Devils Canyon Project,1976~
Correlation of Susitna River discharge with water stage in
sloughs 16 and 17,Devils Canyon Proj ect,1976.
Correlation of Susitna River discharge with water stage in
sloughs 18 and 19,Devils Canyon Project,1976 ..
Maximum daily water temperatures of Susitna River at Parks
Highway Bridge,Devils Canyon Project,June 27 to October 26,
1976.
Maximum daily water temperatures of Susitna River upstrer.m
from Chase Creek,Devils Canyon Project,June 22 to September
29,1976.
Maximum daily water temperatures of Susitna River between
Devils Canyon and Portage Creek,Devils Canyon Project,
June 22 to October 30,1976.
Maximum daily water temperatures of Birch Creek below highway
crossing,Devils Canyon Project,June 26 to December I,1976.
Susitna River suspended solids collected downstream of Devils
Canyon and below Gold Creek Railroad Bridge,Devils Canyon
Project,1976.
Susitna River turbidity (Ftu)levels downstream of Devils Canyon
and below Gold Creek Railroad Bridge,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
-:iii-
~-
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.Aerial enumeration of chinook salmon escapements in Susitna River
tributaries,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Table 2.Grayling tagged at Indian River and Portage Creek,Devils Canyon
Proj ect,1976.
Table 3.Fish surveys conducted on Susitna River sloughs 8,10,and 11,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Table 4.Fish surveys conducted on Susitna River sloughs 13,14,and 15,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Table 5.Fish surveys conducted on Susitna River sloughs 16,17.and 18,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Table 6.Fish surveys conducted on Susitna River sloughs 19,20,and 21,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Table 7.,Escapement surveys conducted on Susitna River tributaries,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Table 8.Escapement surveys conducted on Susitna River tributaries,
Devils 'Canyon Project,1976.
-Iv-
-
-
'......
-
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
APPENDIX A TABLES
Water quality data collected from the Susitna River at the P~rks
Highway Bridge between July 21 and October I,1976,Devils
Canyon.
Water quality data collected from the Susitna River at the Gold
Creek Railroad Bridge between July 13 -October I,Devils
Canyon Project.1976.
Water quality data collected from the Susitna River upstream of
Portage Creek between July 15 and September 29,Devils Canyon'
Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from sloughs 8 and 10,between
June 25 and September 3D,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from sloughs 11 and 13 between
June 23 and September 30,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from sloughs 14 and 15 between
June 25 and September 30,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from sloughs 16 and 17 between
June 24 and September 29,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from sloughs 18 and 19 between
June 15 and September 29,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from slough 20 between June 24 and
September 29,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from Willow Creek,Little Willow
Creek,Kashwitna River and Caswell Creek between July 21 and
October 12,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from Sheep Creek,Goose Creek.
and Montana Creek between July 21 and October 12,Devils Canyon
Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from slough 3c and Chase Creek
between June 26 and October I,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Water quality data collected from Fourth of July Creek,Gold
Creek,Indian River and Portage Creek between July 17 and
September 28,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Thermograph set in SU$itna River at Parks Highway Bridge,
daily maximum and minimum water temperatures,Devils Canyon
Project,1976.
-v-
,..
J
Table 15.
Table 16.
Table 17.
Table 18.
Table 19.
Table 20.
Table 21.
Table 22.
Table 23.
Table 24.
Table 25.
Table 26.
APPENDIX A TABLES
Thermograph set in Susitna River above Chase Creek,daily
maximum and minimum water temperatures,Devils Canyon Project,
1976.
Thermograph set in Susitna River between Devils Canyon and
Portage Creek,daily maximum and minimum water temperatures,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Thermograph set in Birch Creek below highway crossing,daily
maximum and minimum water temperatures,Devils Canyon Proj ect,
1976.
Susitna River discharge at Gold Creek,USGS Provisional Data,
1976.
Slough 8 cross-sections and stage gauge information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
Slough 10 cross-section and stage gauge information,Devi~s
Canyon Project,1976.
Slough 11 cross-sections and stage gauge information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
Slough 13 cross-section and stage gauge information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
Slough 14 cross-sections and stage gauge information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
Slough 15 cross-sections and stage gauge information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
Slough 16 cross-section and stage gauge information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
Slough 17 cross-sections and stage gauge information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
Table 27.Slough 18 cross-sections and stage gauge informtion,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
-Table 28.
Table 29.
Slough 19 cross~sections and stage gauge information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
Slough 20 cross-sections and stage gauge information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
-.vi~
Table 30.
Table 31.
Table 32.
APPENDIX A TABLES
Slough 3c cross-sections and stage gauge information.Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
Chase Creek cross-sections and stage gauge information.Devils
Canyon Project.1976.
Tributary flow data,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
-vii-
-
::l
.~..~};,.
ABSTRACT
Biological~water quality~and water quantity investigations were conducted
from July l~1976 through September 30~1976 to obtain baseline data on
indigenous fish populations and the existing aquatic habitat as part of an
ongoing environmental study to assess the potential impacts of the proposed
Watana/Devils Canyon hydroelectric project upon the aquatic ecosystem of
the Susitna River drainage.
Long term ecological changes to this drainage may be significant.The
level and flow patterns of the Susi tna River will be altered and will
affect the fish and wildlife resources.
INTRODUCTION
The U.S.Army Corps of Engineers has been considering several sites within
the Susitna River drainage for construction of a hydroelectric complex.
The current plan includes construction of dams and power plants on the
Susitna River at Devils Canyon and Watana Creek with transmission lines to
the southccntral railbelt.A timetable suggested by the dnms'chief
advocate~U.S.Senator Mike Gravel~calls for construction authorization in
1981 and Watana Dam completion in 1986.Devils Canyon Dam will be com-
pleted in 1990.
-1-
....
....
-
The earth fill Watana Dam (!iver Mile 165)will be 810 feet high.The
reservoir,when filled to capacity will have an elevation of 2.200 feet and
a surface area of approximately 43,000 acres,extending 54 miles upstream.
The thin arch concrete Devils Canyon Dam (river Mile 134)will be 635 feet
high.At maximum pool level,the reservoir will have an 'elevation of 1,.450
feet and a surface area of 7.550 acres,extending upstream approximately 28
river miles to the Watana Dam site.
The estimated cost for the hydroelectric complex was 1.5 billion dollars in
1974.Inflation could increase this estimate to 6 billion dollars (Gabler,
1976).In October,1976 the 94th Congress Second Session authorized 25
million dollars to become available in October,1977 for preconstruction
planning (Phase I)which includes engineering,economic,and environmental
studies.The complex financing scheme for this project beyond Phase I will
not be discussed in this report.It is.however,a giant undertaking and
it is reconunended that the envirorunenta1 studies proceed on the same scale
as the overall project.
Baseline environmental fisheries studies have been conducted over a three-
year period by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G)and will be
continued in 1977.The projects were financed with federal funding
averaging $29,000 per year.In 1974,the National Marine Fisheries Service
and U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)contracted ADF&G to conduct a
one-year assessment of salmon,(Oncorhrpchus~)populations utiliZing the
Susitna River in the vicinity of the proposed Devils Canyon dam site.The
Objectives of these studies were to determine the spawning distribution,
-2-
".."......--.........
relative abundance,migrational timing and juvenile rearing areas (Barrett,
and chemical parameters associated with the mainstem Susitna"River (USFWS
continuing and expanding these studies downstream and to include physical
1974).Additional funding was received in 1975 and 1976 from the USFWS for
j
;.
;.
SWDY AREA
This report covers the period July I,1976 through September 30,1976).
1976.
The Susitna River is approximately 275 miles long from its source in the
-
Alaska Mountain Range to its point of discharge into Cook Inlet.The major
tributaries of the Susitna originate in glaciers and carry a heavy load "of
silt during the ice free months.There are also many smaller tributaries
-
which are perennially silt free.The Susitna River Basin is one of the
largest chinook JQ.tshawytscha)and coho lQ.kisutch)salmon production
-
areas in Cook Inlet.
The study.section is located between Devils Canyon and Willow Creek (Fig.
-
1).Sampling sites were monitored on the Susitna River and tributaries.
Twelve of these sites were clear water sloughs"(sites 3c,8,10,11,13,14,
-
IS,16,17,18,19,and 20)adjacent to the Susitna River (Fig.2).Three
sites were on the mainstem of the Susitna River and the ~emaining locations
were clearwater creeks and rivers flowing into the Susitna.Sites were
chosen based on their proximity to the Devils Canyon dam area and past
Susitna studies documenting fish usage (Barrett,1974;USFWS,1976).
-3-
~.
.....
:.
Figure 1.Devils Canyon in reference to the Susitna River llatershad and
northern Cook Inlet.Devils Canyon Project,1976.
-4-
..
..
-J-~
R.
Pc;,,:::.:;::C r:
~"'---~~India:t R........~""-..t,.(?~,
~~~.n~.21 .""""\'7.(
nO.16 ,t no.20 r--;00',9
n~.15d9 --no.19 r
nO.14 17 .
f IJ~Goicl Cr.
1)0 f-//
Cr.
~-
c.~.rrnon
Fourfh ofJuiy Cr.
'.
o
c:_.
.~
-.
-
~.
.~
'*-....
Figun~2.N~tp of th~uppet'Sus1.tna River f.tudy area encompassed in th?
Devils Canyon.Project,1976.
-'5-.~.....
_.
METHODS
A base camp was established at Gold Creek because of its central location
to the sample sites and the logistical advantages offered by the Alaska
Railroad.Travel on the Susitna River to the sites was accomplished by a
20-foot riverboat with a jet equipped 85-horsepower outboard motor.Water
quantity and biological data were collected biweekly at the sites.Water
quality data were collected biweekly at the mainstem Susitna sites and
once per month at other site locations.
Water Quantity
Discharge data were collected by ADF&G personnel at many of the slough and
tributary sites.Flows were measured with a Pygmy Gurley current meter.
Leupold stage gauges were installed in the sloughs and one of the tributaries.
Permanent bench marks were established on the river banks,adjacent to the
gauges~for future location reference (Appendix A,Tables 19-31).Channel
cross sections were measured with a wading rod and tape measure.
Mainstem Susitna River flow regimen were continually monitored by the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS)gauge station downstream from Gold Creek.
Water lcv~ls.of t.ho sloughs and one tributary were correlated with maillstcm
Susitna River discharges using a Wang 462 advanced statistical calculator.
-6-
--
'-
Water Quality
Turbidity,conductivity;pH,alkalinity,hardness and dissolved o~ygen were
measured with a Bach chemical kit,model OR-EL/2,using the methods out-
lined by the Hach Chemical Company.Temperature data were continually
recorded with Ryan thermographs,Model 0-30,at three sites on the Susitna !
River and one at Birch Creek.A pocket thermometer was used at the remain-
ing sites.Analysis of water samples for total suspended solids was adapted
from Standard Methods CAPHA,et al.,1971;USFWS,1976).
Benthic Invertebrates
Benthics were collected with artificial substrates which consisted of a
wire vegetable basket lined with nylon cloth (210 micrometre mesh)and
filled with 40 rocks taken from the streambed following the procedures
described by'the USGS (:McCoy,1974).The basket remained in the water for
75 days.
Fisheries
Adult salmon escapement and rearing fry were enumerated by ground survey
with the exception of chinook salmon counts,which were done with a Be11-47
helicopter and fixed wing aircraft.Fry samples were taken with a dip net
or minnow trap and preserved with a 10%formalin solution (Brown,1971).
-7-
.,,-.
Angling (using spinning and fly rods)was employed to capture grayling for
tagging studies.Grayling were tagged with Floy anchor (TJ tags.
FINDINGS
Flow Regimens
Between May 12,1976 and June 12,1976 the unregulated flow of the Susitna
River increased from 11,900 cubic feet per second (cfs)to a peak discharge
of'33,300 cfs'(Fig.3;Appendix A,Table 18).By June 19,the flow had
decreased to 19,400 cfs and remained at approximately 20,000 cfs through
August 19.The flow again declined,and by ~eptember 30,1976 was 5,800
cfs.Based upon flow data obtained between 1965 and 1975,the Susitna flow
regimen continues to decrease through November and stabilizes at approxi-.
mately 1,300 cfs,until it begins to increase during the spring runoff in
April (USGS Water Resources Data for Alaska 1965-1975).The fluctuating
flows and associated stage heights of the unregUlated mainstem Susitna are
compared to the projected daily 7,000 cfs discharge of the proposed regulated
system in rig.4.
Stage fluctuations within the clearwater sloughs of the Susitna related
directly to mainstem discharge variations (Figures 5-10;Appendix A,
Tables 4-9.Nine (75%)of the 12 sloughs were isolated pools or completely
dry when mainstem flows were 7,000 cfs.Attempts to measure flows of the
sloughs were unsuccessful because of low velocities.
-8-
I,
I
I
.,
1·
i flmJm
.....20,000
I
....
0\
.
II.,.
..
u--I
tI
IDI
L
III
.&.,....
U...
C>
>-15,000
III.-C>
c:
III
tI
~
"
....,
10.000~""
'-~ig~re 3.SusitnD Rlver Discharge at Gold Creek,USGS Provisional Records,1976.
,....5.000
Hay 12 June I July August.....-....-Sept.embel"I
......
I
I
"..,
-10-
-....
25,000 R •.65s 5.00 25,000 r •.3~
s
5.~o
14 •00 ~!t.C~
20,0001 ..Susltna River 20,000 ,,..Susltna River..III ..""...."~".-.....
"""....-........,.....'"
I-v'~.......
I ..........••CI .."\..3.00
.....'==".
Cl ""...,
t3·"1to,lS ,..,
~'...u ,
.c ..
v .c -\..1;"1 Q-.-15,000 \
Q Cl IV
IS.CO:,}:z:E \
~CI .-,l ~AoI
CI oil Chase Creek-I':;,\
.0
oil 2.00 u In
C'l
:J
\.,
VI
2.CO ....,,
\
•I -•\,...10,000 ,
10.0001 \Ih Is kcrs Creck
\
1.00 ,
..~\~I.CO,,
\
\,
\
\
S.OOO I \
5,0001
0.00 i C I 0.00,7/IG 7'/26
i i ,i
6/2G 0/10 .6/26 7/16 712G ClIO ~1.31 g/jO
$lln'p Ie oil-tc
S;lmplc OJtc
Figure 5.Correlation QfSusitnaRiver Discharge with Water Stage in Slough 3C and Chase Creek,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.. .
S =NonSignificant.
-11-
..-.;,._..~...
J
{
1
25.000
1 I »
r • ,..~8,
i 1 J
5.00
(
j
25.000
I }I )--]
r •.91
*II
1 I
5.00
J
It.ao
'4.00...;.......20.00~'...Susttna RIver 20,000 '--~Susltna RIver..."......
lit '...
...".,","-~u ...
u ....................• I .,
I 41 ,b.oo i-II 3.00 .co \....Cl "-.,\..:J=\"J=I U ,..onV..
\J=on J=
Q IS.000 C't0IS.000 co \..-Ol \~..41 C \:c OJc;-\lU..U ..e:-O;;co :J
------
\"2.00 ~VI \co:s
Z.OOVl
\
\...I .J "\
\,
10.000-{I 10.000 ,1.00
11.00
sJ ~
I 0.00 5,000 ~'0.00iiiIIi•i I
6/26 7/16.7/2.6 &/11 6/25 7/1~7/23 G/Il 0)27 917 9130
Sllmilte Date S<lr,'ple D<lte
Fir;urc 6.Correlcition of Susitna River Discharge with Water Stage in Sloughs 8 and 10.
D~vils Canyon Project)1976.·.
~~l';=.01.Sigl1 if lean t
S =Not ~al~ld fic;nnt -12-
I I I J ~1 1 I I )J )J 1 I )
0.00
9/307/2G 8/11 0/27 9/9
Sample Date '
5,000 6/25 7/14
9/97/14 7/2 a .0/11 3/26
$,ample Dat.e
I 'f iii ,I 0•00
9/30
5,000
6/23
25,000 ,r •.913 rs.OO 25 ,000 1 Upstream gage r •.88 P 5.00
tilt **
Downstream ga~e r •.93
"'*
4.00 l 4.00
-20,000 ......
VI 20,000 VI ...............,Susltna River...,~~
"-u "U
I "I ,
'\"
.,
11 •01 .\...,
\.........."-III \"-
III ..3.00 I 3.00 •..c \..c \uv\...\...VI \...;;-..c \or;
0 \{,.,\C'.-~..IS,OOO \"c IS,OOO \~c \~.......-\
-:;\eI VI ,'"01 ;J 1;"
:I ,IV '"\IV
'"U u
\,2.00
\2.00 \
\\\,\
\'...\
\,
\.\
'10,0,00 1 \10,000 Slough 13 (Upper)\
\\
1.00 ,~t .00\\,\
Susftna RIver't Slough 13 (Lower)
,,
\............
,
'",
Figure7~Correl~tion of Susitna River Discharge with Water Stage in Sloughs 11 and 13,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
**~.01 Significance
-13-
~
"i
l J 1 I l )»I I '.I
'.
]))))I j
25,000 r-.95
'hft
5.00 25,000 r -.es
*
S.OO
0/12 &I2G 9/27
s,000 I,iii ,flO.00
6/30 7/1)7/20s0I10.00,og/2S 7/14 7izo alII 0727 g/9 9/30'
~.oo ",',.00
.....,,....~...20,000
20,000-L.......""',Susltnll IUver ~--"'.•~..-~Susltna RIver
"
........
iii
en
.,u...."
"'-
..'"'
t,J .'\
..\
"'
I,,CI
,
\
v \3.00 •l;1l •
~
,.....\3.00 ...
..\1.1.III \.
....
.c
IV \u ,I
I
U \
...\
Q
...
~\
...r.
15,000
.c 15,009 \
0
,0:::>
...
\-r:\";j
C
til \.V ...\-
c :I;...Slough 14 \-III \CI-\<J "
.t:.~
\II ~2.00 c;l ."
\,00,:J,
~\IV \...\.e"
\
\
\...,
\
,
\\
\
~
lC,OOO~~\10,000
\
\
\,\
\1.00 \".00\,
\
\
\
\...I
,Figure 8.Correlation ofSusitna River Discharge with Water Stage in Sloughs 14 and 15,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
*=~05 Significance**=.01 Significance '-14-
.",~-',
]j I I 1
.,.
iJ.,'y J 1 1 1 1 I I )J )B B J
((
15,000 r •.9',
...'"s.oo 25,000 r •.96u
5.00
It.OO
10,000
15,000
1.00
......,
3.00 ..
-ij,-~
"C'I
1':1..,
2.00
SlIsltna River
......,"'~"""'''''......',",
\.\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
Slough 17 "1-=1""-___,
\
\
\
\,
\
\
\
\
15,000,
10.000,
20.00
1.00
c ........
20,000;,~Susltna r.f~~r
'lIlIo....'"....'-'-......,\
.\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
16 \,
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
S.OOOI 10.00
6/24 ths 7i23 Oil2 aiu\'9h 9/2'
SoH:'?I e~a tc
S,OOO I 10.00iii,
6/2"7/IS 7/28 0/12 8/26 9/29
Sa~plc Date
\
~
~
Figure 9.Correlation of Susitna River Discharge with Water Stage in Sloughs 16 and 17,Devils Canyon
l>rojcct,1976.
**=.Ol Slc~lfic~nce
-'15-
j I J I )J ')'I 1 )I I ')J )
(
t.'"
25.000 r·.96
*6 5.00 15.000 r •.81•5.00
4.00 4.00
......
2.00
1.00
3.00 I..
,I:;
CII
~
CI
C\
t'.l
U
Sus'tna River
\,
\,,,
\,
\,,,
\.-......
.........-......~"-...........,",
\,.
\,
\,,,,,,
\
\
\,.,
10.000
lit 10.000...u
••
\,.f'
'II
,I:;
U
III
Q
<OJ
<:...15.000-III
:2
III
lit 20.000 1,.......Sus I tna River...u .........;~'"~....,......
'"Cl \c:>\.....Q \....,I:;\v 3.00 ,
1/1 \
~\...
,I:;\CII~\c:~::15.000 \
\1/1 \II:2 C\.,.\III,..,
Slough 18
,,.00
\
\
\
\
to,OOO ~
,
I
~"I
.00
S.OOO ! • ,Ii'/0.00
6/24 7/t S 7/2;)8/12 8/26 9/29
So'1r:'.pl c Date
5.000 r • •i j ,I 0.00
6/24 7/15 7/28 8/12 8/26 9/8 9/29 .
Sample Date
Figure 10.Correlation of S.usitna Rivel."Disch[lrge with Water Stage in Sloughs 18 and 19,Devils Canyon
Project,1976.
)'.1,=.01 Sil',llificnm:c
*~.O~Sl&niflcDuCC t .."-..,"
-16,...
-
'-
,~
:,.,-.
Flows of Portage,Gold,Fourth of July,Chase and Whiskers creeks are
presented in Appendix A.Table 32.Insufficient data were collected to
analyze trends.
Temperature
Thermographs were located on the Susitna River at the Parks Highway bridge.
upstream of Chase Creek.and between Devils Canyon and Portage Creek.
Temperature trends were similar at the three sites.Temperatures at the
Parks Highway Bridge site varied from 54 F on June 26 to 56 F on July 11
and August 4,and decreased to 32 F by October 26 (Fig.11;Appendix A.
Table 14).Temperatures at the Chase Creek location ranged from 51 F on
June 21 to 59 F on July 30.31.August 1.and 3,and dropped to 41 F by
September 29 (Fig.12.Appendix A,Table 15).Temperatures at the station
between Devils Canyon and Portage Creek varied from 50 F on June 22 to 58 F
on August 2 and decreased to 31 F by October 30 (Fig.13.Appendix A,T~ble
16).Temperatures at Birch Creek (a potential future fish facility location)
were also monitored and averaged 10 F higher than those recorded in the
Susitna (Figure 14).Temperatures were also recorded at the thermograph
and other study sites with a pocket thermometer (Tables 3-8).Slough water
temperatures were more stable than those of ~he mainstem Susitna.
Suspended Solids and Turbidity
Total suspended solids (TSS)levels,measured immediately downstream from
!'II
Devils Canyon,varied from 1,300 milligrams per liter (mg/I)on July 16 to
-17-
I~I )I )I }J I I I .I ~---j )-Jj
•
("
"l.",
.'
'.
".
21.2
15.'6 6~..,-~tI
01:C\c:.-QIuL.
I:&.~10.0 ~50
•.
:4.4 ItO
I.'
30 I ...v
June i July I August I Septel':lber i I
Date
l
1
Figure 11.Maximum Daily Water Temperatures of SusitnaRiver at Parks Highway Bridge,Devils
Canyon Project,June 27 to October 26,1976.
-18-
J .~
.;
\
90
30
.
70
')J }-..
(
]j
..
j 1 }-~
l
..
i
.I~•
j j j
.,...
~21.2 ';jj 60~
L..r::
Cl c,-('J
w L.
C ..r:.I ,\I \..--..
('J ..u u..
IS.6 -50
10.0 J 40
30 1 i :, , ,i » ,j i J ii',t I I ,» • •I -r4.4
June July Auous t
Date.
September October November
Figure 12.Udximum Daily Water Temperatures of Susitna Rivct'Upstream from Chase Creek,Devils
Canyon Project,June 22 to September 29,,1976.
'-19-••a_"~...
.'
}i 1
...
)1 .~I )
t
)j )i )
.,'
j J !
21.2"70
eI 15.6]...60
"l;I .-..61
L.J:en c-u.....
C J:
~10.0 ~50u
/1:~J ~o
)0 I ,I I (,
June July
Date
August September October
Figure 13.Maximum Daily Water Temperatures of Susitna River between Devils Canyon and Portage
Creek,Devils Canyon Project June 22 to October 30,1976.
-20-
1
~
~
lQ
l-lc:.c
..-I
.us::
Q)
J J
~
oM
Q,I...
"a
Q)
""eu
]
80
.70
J B l
I
I
I
I
I }-I }
~,
....
j 1 J 1
21.2~I 60
15.;....f/so
IO.O~40
July August September
Date
October November December
F i 9 u r e,1l1.Max i rn um 0 ally .\~a t crT cmper a t u res 0 fBi r c her e e k Bel o~,H i 9 h W J Y C r 0 5 5 i n9 t De viI 5
,Canyon Project I June 26 to Deccmbcr 1 t 1976."
-21-
500 mg/1 by the end of July and remained constant throughout August (Fig.
IS).The TSS decreased to 30 mg/1 during September.Formazin turbidity
unit (Ftu)measurements followed a similar trend between July and September,
ranging from 300 to 20 Ftu's (Fig.16).TSS levels and turbidity levels
,~
correlated with Susitna River discharge fluctuation trends.Based upon
past observations,the TSS and Ftu levels continue to decrease as flow
decreases,stabilizing between November and April,and begin to increase
with the increased flow in spring.
Water Chemistry
Field analyses of dissolved oxygen,pH,hardness,total alkalinity,and
specific conductance are presented in Appendix A,Tables.l through 13.
Measurements of these parameters expands the Susitna River data base con~
siderably and will be valuable in future studies and post-impoundment com-
pari sons if the dams are built.
Oxygen concentrations were close to saturation throughout the study,
ranging from 10 to 13 parts per million (ppm)in the Susitna River,6-12
ppm in the sloughs,and 9 to 14 ppm in the tributaries.The dissolved
oxygen concentrations exhibited a tendency to rise during the summer.
Hydrogen ion (pll)concentrations ranged from 7.6 to 8.3 in the Susitna,6.6
to 8.0 in the sloughs,and 7.0 to 8.3 in the tributaries.The range in pH
at each station remained relatively stable for the three months of moni-
.
toring.Hardness,as CaC0 3 ,varied from 40 to 60 ppm in the Susitna River,
from 20 to 95 ppm in the sloughs,and from 10 to 105 ppm in the tributaries.
1hese readings all fall within the soft to medium water hardness classification.·
-22-
J i ~~j I j I 1 J )1 ")!I
(
".
~'\,.".,
\.
Gold Creek
9/10U/13 8/27
Date
,-
\,
\
,.----~~
I ",\,
I ,'.,\,
I \\
'\'
I ",,,\~-\\
\
\,,-,~,.......
'.........~onfi1terabte
\,
\
",
\.
I I ,I \Settlable
9/307/16
5
500
1,000
-J 100......
CI:::c
I
~SO'"0.--0
VI
"0
Q)
"0c:
Q)a.
~
::l
VI
10
Total
Settlable
Nonfilterable
9/299/8
\
\
\
\
\
\
\,
\
\
Devils Canyon'
7129
"
,".---.,,,_....-...._-..~.
8/13 3/25
Date
Figure 15."Susitna River Suspended Solids Collected Downstream of Devils Canyon and Below Gold'
Creek Railroad Bridge,De'l/ils Canyon Projec.t,1976.
10 -I7'~/1~6-",:I~--::""'o---""T""'--......-~
500
-1,300
1,000 ,
,.J-~100
I
III
"0
.-I
0 SOtI)
"l;I
Cl
"l;I
C
~
0-
~'l
:;)
tI.l
-23-
I )J 1 "~I J 1 i "1 J J i J -}1 1 i ~~1
I
1,000•1,00
500 --Devils Canyon .Gold Creek
912139/7
Surnple D,Jte
8/248/10
'10 •..I ,»i .....,
9/299/88/25
Samp le 0 l:!t,e
3/137/29
10 J.J----r,----ri---....,.,---~'---.....
7/15
::l..,
i ~::l[;l.j ...,a 500
I ~
>-....
100 J \
..->--g .....-0-
.c "100L..-
::J •.n
l-.L..
:J
l-
So J \50 ..
Figure 1,6.SusitnnRiver Turbidity (Ftu)Levels Downstream of DevilsCnnyon and Below Gold Creck
Railroad Bridge»Devils Canyon Project ,1976 0
-24-
--~
....
.-
Total alkalinity measurements were fairly uniform at each site during
the study.Concentrations ranged from 30 to 5S ppm in the Susitna,from
10 to 105 ppm in the sloughs,and from 10 to 80 ppm in the tributaries.
Conductivity readings,which were standardized to 25 C,ranged from 105
to 170 micro mhos per centimeter (micro mhos/em)ranged from 105 to 170
micro mhos/SID in the Susitna,55 to 230 micro mhos/em in the sloughs,
and 2S to 120 micro mhos/em in the tributaries.
Benthic Invertebrates
Seven artificial substrate baskets were installed in the mainstem Susitna
River on July 14,1976.Two were located under the Gold Creek railroad
bridge On the north side of the river and four on the south side of the
river (two upstream of Gold Creek and two downstream of Gold Creek).One
substrate was also placed in the Susitna upstream of Chase Cr.eek on the
east side of the river.Only the two baskets under the Gold Creek railroad
bridge on the north side of the river can be discussed because the four on
the south side were vandalized;and the water level dropped below the one
at Chase Creek immediately preceding the recovery date.At the point where
the two baskets remained in the water,tt>':J bottom material ranged in size
from course gravel to large boulders (Wickett,1959).The baskets were
retrieved on September 30,1976 and each rock was examined in the field for
benthic invertebrates.The insects were keyed to order in the laboratory
and of the 118 specimens (Plecoptera 77,Diptera 55,and Ephemeroptera 66),
63%were classifed as being "sensitive".(In this report the orders of
mayflies [Ephemeroptera]and stoneflies [Plecoptera]are considered to be
"sensitive"to changes in water quality while the order of the true flies
-25-
,~
..-
[Diptera]is considered to be "tolerant"to such changes.This admittedly
is a fairly general categorization,but it is a widely used practice,
particularly when taxonomic breakdown are not available to the researcher.
A healthy stream section would therefore contain a large number of insects,
a high percentage of which would be pollution "sensitive".Any reduction·
in total numbers or in the percentage of sensitive organisms from a control
station would indicate stream degradation when more than one sample is
coll ected)•
Fisheries
The Susitna River drainage is utilized by all five Pacific salmon species,
as well as resident species such as rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri),and
Arctic grayling (Thyrnallus arcticus).Aerial and ground escapement surveys
were conducted in 1976 on Susitna River sloughs and its tributaries (Tables
1,3,4,5,6,7,and 8).These escapement counts indicate the relative
abundance of fish observed,and should not be interpreted to be total
counts.
A chinook escapement of 50,499 (enumerated via aerial survey)is tabulated
in Table 1.Coho adults were observed (via ground survey)in various
tributaries prior to spawning;however,it was not possible to enumerate them
to the extent chinook salmon were,because they utilize and disperse through-
out many tributaries rather than congregating in the larger tributaries.
Large numbers of pink salmon JQ.gorbuscha)were located near the mouths of
tributaries (Tables 7 and 8)•
-26-
._---~--~-""-._-------------------
Table 1.Aerial enumeration of Chinook Salmon Escapements in the Susitna
River Tributaries,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Stream (West Side).·Stream (East Side)
Alexander Creek 5,412 Willow Creek 1,660
""..,
DesM~a River 21,693 ~1ontana Creek 1,445 .
Peters Creek 1,489 Chunilna Creek 1,237
t-1art in Creek 791 Kashwitna River
(North Fork)303
.lake Creek 3,735 Little Willow Creek 833
Ta lachul itna River 1,319 Sheep Creek 455 .
Indian River 537
-Portage Creek 702.-Chulitna River (East Fork)112
~Chul i tna River
(Middle Fork)1:0 870
Chu1 itna Ri ver (t'1ain stem)124
Prairie Creek 6,513,
Honolulu Creek 124
Byers Creek 53
Troublesome Creek .92
-27-
,
i ~II
-Tab1 e 2.Grayling Tagged at Indian River and Portage Creek.Devil 5
..Canyon Project,1976..'
~-
Length-Inches
Location Date Tag Number (Tota 1 Length)
Portage Creek 6/22 06379 11.5
06378 11.5
r-06365 13.0
06359 12.0
06105 14.0
06108 13.0 f -....06109 14.0
6/24 06110 14.0.-06110 14.0
.~06118 15.0
06119 13.0
06120 15.0-"06121 15.0
06122 12 ..0
06123 15.0
06125 12.0
t ~7/15 06133 8.0
1/29 06137 15.0
8/25 26107 13.0
....26108 11.0
06139 14.0
Indian River 6/22 06112 15.0
06113 11.5
06114 12.5
06115 12.5
·06116 13.0
7/14 06130 14.0
06131 13.0
06132 15.0
t"'"
-28-
.~1 ))j -~I I
'..
I
,
I I .•--))!1
Table 3.Fish Surveys Conducted on Susitna River Sloughs 8,10,and 11,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
.Location
Time
Date (tliJitary)
Fry Spceies Identified
Adult Snl~on DensityTempcraturo,.c:(of)Weather No.fry r.o l/I
oM 4.1 I':•.-1
Air Wa,ter Conditions Observed 0 >..........Chinook Coho Sockeye Chur.l Pink0~P"!4.1
I':0 3 ,:.:>.I-'.....G U ~....
6 0 ,.c:0 I-<~
U U
If.)~~
•
Slough,8 6/z6
7/16
7/26
8/II
1200
"30935
1540
62
50
65
46
411
42
54
Exce Ilent
Poor ..
Good
Good
200
50
300
300
x
x
x
x
o o o a a
.._----_._---------------------------------~------------~-------------------------~~---------------------.----------_._-._---~-
Slough 110 6/26 1200 .60 52 Exce 11 ent 0 0 0 0 0 0
7/111 1230 61 119 Poor a
7/20 1000 63 38 Fair I x
8/II 17115 63 112 Fair a
8/27 1200 ~8 43 Good oJ)...
917 1410 42 Excellent 5 x,9130 1500,•40 Excellent 0
.-_.~._.._-~~------~-----------------------------------~.----------------------~~---.-~~----~------------.--~--_..~~---.-~~---
Slough.6/23 1405 60 45 Exce Ilent a a 0 a 0 0
,11 11 7/14 1545 74 51 .Good a
7125 1100 60 46 Fair a
8/11 1900 59-47 Good 0 12
0/26 1230 Excellent 0 28 57 .\
9/4 1620 45 39 Good 0 78 66
9/30 1220 42 38 Excellent a____~--~----~-----•.---~---~--.-------~--~-----.----.-__.w~_~__._.~.~
11 App;oximately 300 ~oh~fry observed In clear water channel between Slough 10 and Susltna main channel,water
temperature was 52 F.
11 Slough No.II was excellent rearing habitat prior to this year.An Ice Jam in the spring of 1976 destroyed
this slough.
i·./
~.
. -29-
{....._...
~}-)J J '"'-J ))!I I1--I
.
't "/
:'i..
Table 4.Fish Surveys Conducted on Sus:l.tna River Sloughs.Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Fry Species Identified
Adult Sal=on ~n~ityTemperature.<::
Time (OF)No.Fry ~e4 ""~:::....
Lo C:Lt ion Date (l1i I i tary)Air I~o.ter Conditions Observed 0 >-..........Chinook Coho Sockeyo Chu::I Pink0~...41
I::0 G .,..'>..<J....,.c::::J U ~•.-1
.c 0 0 0 k §U U til (.;l
..-....
Slough 6/25 1100 41 Excellent 100 x x x x 0 0 0 1)0
No.13 7/14 1630 72 44 Good 150 x ,x.
~7/28 43 Fair 200 x
8/11 2000 55 40 ,Good 250 x ..
8/27 Good 250 x
9/9 1735 52 47 Good 3 x "9130 1345 48 36 Excellent 0 x____••__••~_.M ••._.••_.__~v ~• •••__.~.'
Slough 6/25 1650 .46 Excellent •10 x . 0
• 0 ''0 0 0..No.lit 7/14 1800 63 "45 Goed 10 x ,
"
7/28 1300 43 Fair 0 x.'8/11 2050 .•49 43 Good 25 x
8/27 1300 57 '43 Fair 20 x
"9/9 1840 49 44 Good·4·x
9130 1405 47 44 Excellent I x
.-------~-~-.--------..-----.------~~---~--..-..-.-----.-------~----------w--.----------------.--------.----------T-------.--~~
Slough.6/30 66 43 Excellent 250 'x x x 0 0 o .' 0
0•No.IS 7/13 2030 S4 47 Poor lOa x x x
•7128 1500 50 Fair 200 x
8/12 1002 S2 44 Poor 200 x
8/26 1900 57 ,47 ..Excellent 50 x'
917 1720 47 41 Fair SO x x
.'._---_.---_.---~~~-_...-._-.-_.--~~---~..._----.------------_._--._-------~-----.-------.-------~------~~._----_._-------.----
,I
-'.
.'
~
I
1 ."
.'-30-.
...
,.J
1 i }<}T
«,
]
C\.1 }I <)11<1 1 )J i j j
I
~
,\?
.~
/......
Table S.Fish Surveys Conducted on SU61tna River Sloughs 16,17,and 18,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
·LoclI.tion Date
Time
(till I tary).
Tempe:-ature
(OF)
Air W:ltor Conditions
,......
Fry Species Iclcnti=~c~
Adul~S~l~on Densi~y..
No.Fry .II:boG "J.
CIl l::'M
Observed 0 >.'M ...Chinook,Coho Soclceyo"C~u::l .Pink04)....vc::0 j '><:'>....".......<:~"'::!..<:8 0 I-<U U lIJ U g ...
..
,'.
'.'--9 '.oooo
.,
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Excellent
Poor
fa i r
Poor
Excellent
Fal r
Exce Ilent
.54
49
50
45
49
42
47
52
51
60
47
41
1330
1930
1530
1050
1700
1830
1740
6/24
7/15
7/28
8/12
8/26 1/
917 -
9/29
Slough
No.16
200
200
sao
225
75a
o
,..~._----.._-.---------.~~-----..__.--.---.---*._----~.-~---_.._---------._--._----_._--_.--.-...--_._-.---_.----------_._--.--.-~...
oo "
,:...
o •.0. 0
x
x
x
x
x
·x
Slough 6/24 1550 48 Excellent
No.17 7/15 1845 64 40 fair
7/28 1600 42 fa I r
0/12 1340 ,.51 ·38 Fair
8/26 1600 60 41 Excellent
9/29 1550 43 41 Excellent
100
0100,
.100
2
,60
o--.._._----.-.._------~--_.------..-------------._----_.-------.._---_._-~---.---.--_....--------_..-----~.~-----------------.--
.,.
"
o0;O.oo
".
Slough
No.18
6/24 53 Excellent 50·x
7/15 1900 60 1,0 Poor 25 X:
7128 1630 49 fair.25 'x
8/12 1535 54 43 Fai r 5 x
8/26 1630 54 42 Excellent 10 x
9/2911 1635 5047"Excellent 0 ..:".'.:__w~~~~-----~~~~-~~~-~-.-'-------..-.-------..------..~.._._.._._...~~--.-.----.--_-.-.-.,•..
11 Flow and'water level dropped con~iderably.
lV'Entry and exIt to Susltna blocked.
.;-~
.'
'.
..,
=i I •••
•
~-.
.'
,..,.
o
-31":•
".
'.
t..............
~."
}-J I )J l I )i l,.l,I )L __J
(
Table 6.Fish Surveys Conducted on Susitna River Sloughs 19,20,nnd 21;Devils Canyon Project.1976.
try Species Identifiod
Loc:l.tion Date
Time
(~Illitary)
Tc:r.pcraturG
(oF)_'Weath;er.No.Fry ~
Air Wo.tor Conditions Ollsorvcd 8
c::....
6
o.c::ou
r:
]
u
~
Cl c::>....
Cl ...
-"l >.U <;lo,..en t.2
.c::
III....'t Chinook
l.>.-1
§
Adult S~l~on Density
Coho Sockcyo ~Chu~,.P~nk
Slough 6/29 1700 ~3 Excellent 100 x x x 0 a 0 0 0
No.19 7/15 1700 64 49 Good lOa x x
7128 1700 49 Fair 100 x 'x
8/12 1850 55 45 FaIr 300 x x "~,
8/25 1/47 Good 200 x 32
9/8 -1710 47 44 Poor 0 30·
9/24 1510 44 42 Excellent o·'...'
____••••..••6 ~•••---.7----------.--------------~----a_------~--~----.--.~--.---.~--
.'
----
.I'
Good •1000 x X #•
Good •1000 x x
Fair 200 x x "
Fair 85 x x '..2
Good 0
Poor 0
Excellent 100 x
,49
.55
52
·5053
62
76
Slough
No.20
6/29
7/15 1600
7/28 \800
8/12 2000
8/26 1900
9/8 1605 47 43
9/29 48 39._..---------.-~._-----------_..-_._---------.~-------_.-.----~-------------------------------_._--_.-----------.~--_.--.--~-_.,~
.:
.,'
Slough 8/25 1,300 Good 200 x'x"k x 10'30
No.21 9/18 1400 40 Good 200 x x x '23 6
9129Yl600 40 Fair 450 x x x IS ...------------_._-_.--------_...._--.---.----------------.--...._._-.--------....-.._------_.-._------._-----.-_._-_..__.~.~-_...
•
•
.'l!Entry and exIt to SU$ltna blocked at mouth of slough..,
~!
'..1.Y Fry trapped In $moll pools.•
•
.,
r ..'
.'
'/'-,
-32-.
II
.,..........
-.....
1 I i ,)]1 J 1 ]i ].;I )j 1.,,
..,:i/'\
Table 7.Escapement Surveys Conducted on Susitna River Tributaries,Devil s Canyon P~oject,1976.
Fry Species Idcntific~
Adult S~l~on Density
'Loc:l.tion Date
Temperature
Time (OF)Weather
(Hilltary)-Air Natcr Conditions
No.::ry.-.:
Observed 8
s:....o
o
;3
~::lo
~
()o
I/)
ell
~
~
~
~....
~Chinook.Coho...'....
§
Sockeyo ~u~.Pink
..'
Whisker'.
Creek
6/26
7/16
7/26
8/10
9/1
-1350
1330
1635
1130
1010
66
60
75
35
58
54
56
56
37
Excellent
Good
Good
Excellent
Excellent
1000+
1000+
1000+
1000+
x
)C
x
x
x
x
x
x ..
4
8
2 7S
• 0 ..."'"'""-_
-----------------_.__...--------------------------~--~---------------
-------..----_..._--..,-----------------'--------:---~'-----------
------------------~-------------'-------_....--......_-_..
56 Excellent 1000+x x ,~54 Poor 1000+'x x
Good 1000+x x
58 Excellent 1000+x :x .'50
50 Good +OOO!x x
41 Excellent a
,.'
.32
20
I 3D,
B 4000
78 . 3 live.
3000 dead
._----
.17
,;
14 .
14
l'
x
..
SO
50 Good
54 'Excellent
53 Good
47 Excellent
45 Excellent
46 ·Good
43 Good
1130
1030
Cold Cr.8/10
8/26
,,~.-------------------------------_.....__..._-..-.._---~----,
.'
•
•
..
Challe 6/26 1245 68
Creek 7/16 1300 64
7/26 1930
8/10 1310 70
8/31 1545 59
9/30 1700 ..43-------_.....-
....Fourth of 7/14 ll30 63
July Cr.7/27
8/11 907 59
8/27 1100 57
9/19 1130 62
.'..."
"
of
~~,
..'
•
".
"
-33-
II>..'.
J...J-._..I I i )I )i l-I J i I )i I L I.
(.It
/'
"
Table 8.Escapement Surveys Conducte4 on Susitna River Tribut'ariea,Devils,Car,j/on ~rOject.;1976.
,l.oc:~tion
Time
Date (Mllltarv)
~./
Tcmpcra~ur&
(OF)Weather
Air W~tcr Conditions
Fry Species IC:cntificd
Adult S~l~on Density..<:No.Pry :>Il ..,
~4)I:...
Observed 0 >.'M .....Chinook ,Coho 'Sockeyo Chum .Pink0(.l ...(.l
~0 ".:.:>.....
'...<:p 0 r;.r!,
IS 0 .c:0 I-<§U U III '"..i
.----
,---_.---..----------,..
x·
702 ,~.
._-134,.500ri
300
250 3000
300 .200
2
18
30.
•75
100
537
8
xIndianR.6/22 Cood 10
7/14 1730 67 42 Cood
8/12 1200 50 48 Fair
8/26 1300 46 ,Excellent
9/28 1755 44 Fair
.---------------------'-
Portage 6/22 1200 Good 45
Creek 7/15 1330 76 44 Goed
8/13 1130 68 47 Excellent
8/25 1200 50 Excellent
9/8 1240 45 43 Poor
------~,----.---------...,---
.,.)-
,v-'
•
•
,
..
......I,
..
"
,;
.'.
:'
1
=1
•
t".'
~
.'•
'10
-34,..
.............'.,.
:
r
..•.,.
Fry salmon observations were conducted in the sloughs and tributaries of
the Susitna (Tables 3-8).Fry were located in clearwater sloughs during
the early sumrnerwhen stage heights of the water were highest.As the
sumrner progressed and water depth within the sloughs decreased,so did the
number of fry observed.
A tagging program was initiated to determine grayling movements within the
Susitnaand its tributaries.TWenty-nine fish were captured,measured
(length),and released at the mouths of Portage Creek and the Indian River
(Table 2).One tagged grayling was recaptured and released by an angler
one and one-half milos above the mouth of Portage Creek one month after it
was tagged.The angler did not record the tag number.
DISCUSSION
Flow Regimens
The effects of flow regulation on various fish and wildlife resources in·
the Susitna River basin is a primary concern of the Alaska Department of
Fish and Game.Depth,width,and velocity of the flow determine the
quality and quantity of habitat available to aquatic organisms.High
discharges associated with spring run-off result in a number of physical
actions which are important to aquatic life in the Susitna River.A flushing
or scouring action is produced which removes deposited sediments and fines.,
-35-
--
-
resulting in an annual cleansing of the river bottom.This is an important
aspect of river ecol.ogy.particularly for r~Yers like the Susitna.which
transport large amounts of sediment.Deposition of sediment without the
annual scouring could change the overall productivity of the river.eventu-
ally suffocating all aquatic organisms within the system.
High spring flows may trigger upstream spawning migrations of salmon and
resident fish species to spawning areas in sloughs and tributaries of the
Susitna.The tributaries and sloughs of the Susitna also serve as rearing
habitat for salmon and resident fish fry.Upstream movements of some fish
species to these areas may be restricted or blocked by reduced flows.
Succe~sful salmonid egg incubation is dependent upon adequate flows to
maintain flow-percolation-intragravel water movements within a redd (Stalnaker
and Arnette.1976).
Water velocity and stage determine the availability of wetted areas necessary
for benthic species production.Discharges which would alter and reduce
the benthic population and composition of the Susitna would also reduce its
carrying c~pacity.
Aquatic populations in free flowing rivers have evolved to their current
levels due to extreme flow variations (very high to very low).Some aquatic
species may be present only because the particular hydrologic regime
exists.
-36-
,~
Water Quality
Dissolved oxygen,pH,alkalinity,hardness,temperatures and conductivity
were within acceptable limits for fish life and were in the range of ex-
pected results for natural waters in southcentral Alaska (Bauers,personal
communication).
Relationships between temperature and the aquatic environment are intimate.
Fish and other aquatic organisms are directly affected by changes in water
temperature.Salmonids are sensitive to the slightest changes in tempera-
ture.Releases from a hydroelectric power plant and reduced flows could
result in abrupt temperature changes during critical life history stages of
aquatic life.Dissolved oxygen decreases as water temperature increases~
ye~aquatic animals require higher dissolved oxygen levels as temperatures
increase.IIigher temperatures and lower dissolved oxygen concentrations
could limit the diversity of organisms present.
Unregulated flowing waters dilute and transport natural and man-generated
pollutants.In a relatively undeveloped river system,such as the Susitna,
any alteration to the natural balance of the system may reduce the bio-
logical productivity and quality of the river.
Fisheries
The Susitna drainage,in its natural state,is a viable fishery for salmon
and other freshwater species.It is known to be one of the largest chinook
and coho production areas in Cook 'Inlet.Thus,it is essential to define
..37-
-
-
-
-
the life history (spawning,incubation,rearing,and migration)habitat
requirements of indigenous fish species and other aquatic biota to sustain
the existing Susitna drainage fishery.
Data collected this year indicate that in the early summer,when salmon
rearing conditions are poor in the mainstem Susitna (because of high
discharge and sediment loads),the clear water sloughs and tributary
habitat areas are utilized by fry.As the season progresses,discharge and
sediment loads of the mainstem Susitna begin to decrease.By fall and
winter,the silt load and discharge appear to be low enough to transform
the rnainstem Susitna into suitable fry rearing habitat to replace slough
areas (which are eliminated when rnainstem discharge decreases),and tr~bu-.
taries that freeze in the winter.
Apparently these seasonably wide fluctuations of water velocity,depth,
temperature,chemical composition,and clarity of the mainstem Susitna,its
sloughs and tributaries determine to some extent the intrasystem migrations
~f fish seeking more desirable environments.Thus,any alterations to the
existing aquatic ecosystem which restrict or reduce the availability of
required habitat.will also reduce fish production.
CONCLUSION
Baseline inventory studies,to date,emphasize the need to initiate a
comprehensive study to properly assess the potential environmental impacts
-38-
I
t
tI
I
,-
..~
I _~
.-
,,,......
-
to the aquatic ecosystem of the Susitna drainage by the proposed Watana/
Devi~s Canyon hydroelectric project prior to final design approval and con-
,struction authorization.
The Susitna River is a product of its tributaries.All aquatic habitat and
populations (within the power transmission corridor site,construction road
}routes,and above and below the proposed dam sites)which would be directiy .
or indirectly affected during construction and after completion of the
project must be carefully evaluated.It is imperative to thoroughly investi-
gate the interrelationships between the aquatic biology,water quantity and
water quality of the existing free flowing Susitna River system.Recrea-
tional,social,economic,and aesthetic considerations should also be included.
With this information the Alaska Department of Fish and Game will be able
..
to provide the input for preventing unnecessary losses of the fisheries anq
related resources.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Funding for this study was provided by the U.S.Fish &Wildlife Service.
The author wishes to acknowledge the technical assistance of Jeffrey D.
Hock,Fisheries biologist with the Department of Fish and Game.
Special credit is due Larry Engel and Stan Kubik,area biologists with the
sport Fish Division,for conducting the aerial chinook salmon escapement counts.
-39-
~-
-
-
LITERATURE CITED
APHA.et a1.1971.Standard methods for the examination of water and
waste water.13th edition.American Public Health Association,
Washington,D.C.pp.539-540.
Barrett,B.M.1974.An assessment study of the anadromous fish populations
in the upper Susitna River watershed between Devils Canyon and the
Chulitna River.Alaska Dept.of Fish and Game.Div.of Commercial
Fisheries (unpublished).56 pp.
Bauers.Harvey.1976.Personal communication.U.S.Geological Survey.
Brown.C.J.D.1971.Fishes of Montana.Big Sky Books,Bozeman.Montana ..
207 pp.
Gabler.A.1976.Susitna Dam cost going up.Anchorage Times.December
12.
1976.
McCoy,G.A.1974.Preconstruct ion assessment of biological quality of the.
Chena and Little Chena rivers in the vicinity of Chena Lakes flood
control project near Fairbanks,Alaska.U.S.Geological Survey Water-
Resources Investigations 29-74:84 pp.
Stalnaker,C.B.and J.C.'Arnette (cds.).1976.Methodologies for the
determination of stream resource flow requirements:An assessment.
Prepared for U.S.Fish and Wildlife Services Office of Biological
Services Western Water Allocation by Utah StateUniv.199 pp.
U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1976.Southcentral railbe1t area-Susitna
River Basin.Fish and Wildlife studies related to the Corps of
Engineers Devils Canyon-Watana Reservoir hydroelectric project.
Studies conducted by the Alaska Dept.ofFish and Game under contract·.
agreement with the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Feb.158 pp.
and appendices..
Wickett,w.r.1959.Effects of siltation on success of fish spawning.
Proceedings of the 5th Pacific NorthwestS~lposium on Water Pollution
Research.U.S.Public Health Service,Water Supply and Water Pollution
Control Program.Portland,OR.March 23-24.pps.16-22.
-40-
-
r-
APPENDICES
1 -I 1 l.
J .~)1 -~I ]9 1 1 1 )1
/
-~
..'....
-·--··----.•.~w-..._...~~__. . .__~__ __.._.__. .__..__._._
Water Quality Data Collected from the Susitna River at the Parks Highway Bridge Between July 21 and October I,1976,Devils CanyonProject,1976.
Appendix A
Table 1.
Temperature Total Spec.i!1c Suspended solids CmSTI}------
l<eather (OF)D.O.Hardness Alkali Conductance Turbidity Non-"_-
ConditionS Water Air (ppm)pH (mg/l)(mg/l)()Jm.~os/ClIl)(Ftu)1'1i.terab'le.Settlable Total
20
101;
561
587
)16
17
78
237
465
424
3
79
26
96
16)
10
8S
122
1)2
160
50
45
so
50
50
607.6.
8.1
8.0
10
13
115)
)8
6852
4)
35
mostly
sunny
most 1Y
sunny
most.1 y
sunny
mostly
mostly
sunny
I :)0 p.m.
Tilne
2:00 p.m.
11:10 a.m.
11:00 a.m.
.12:45 p.m.
29.95
30.10
Barometric.
Pressure
loll
10/12
7/21
7/27
9/1
Date
l
j
;
I
i
I
I
-j
·1
I
I
-
I
f"
!..
l..
~
."
.......
..
~41-..
·'r,'............
J i 1 J }-j »i 1 ]
/'
/
j
,"
i ))i ")
Appendix A
Table 2.Water Quality Data Collected from the Susitna River at the Gold Creek Railroad Bridge Between July 13 -October 1,Devils Canyon
Project,1976.
Date
l!arolUtric.
Pressure Time
Temperature
Weather ("F)
Conditions Yater Air
D.O.
(ppm)pH
Total
Hardness.Alkali
(mg!l) (mg!l)
Specific
Conductance
(lllllhos!em)
Suspe~ded Solids (cg/l)
Turbidity Non-(Ft~)Filterable Settlable Toeal
49'13
7/13 12:00 Cloudy
noon Rain
7/16 2:00 p.m.
8/10 2:20 p.g!.Clear
8/13 2:50 p.llI.cloudy
Rain
8/24 7:00 p.m.clear
8/27 2:45 p.m.mostly
sunny
917 29.45 4:20 p.lll.Cloudy
9/10 10:50 a.m.Cloudy
9/28 29.1 S.4:25 p'.m.Mosely
cloudy
9/30 I :20 p.m.Mostl)'
sunny
so
53
51
43
44
54
75
63
53
II
11
12
7.9
8.3
8.0
8.0
8.3
"
40
so
50
58
45
30
45
40
45
30
- 4 2'-
"
"
105
125
125
146
132
230
90
15
10
28
90
92
23
18
725
76';
325
22
s
753
859
417
45
2]
j _~~~.l,.))1 1 J
,
i J J )1 )J 1
Appendix ATable3.Water Quality Data Collected from the Susltna River Upstream of Portage Creek between July 15 and September 29.Devila Canyon Project.1976.
Tempera ture Total Specific SuspendedSollda (~g/l)
Barometric ("E)D.O.Hardness Alkali Conductance Turbidity 1\on-'•Weatller
Date Pressure Tme Conditions Water Air (ppm)pH (Ills/l)(mg/l)(IlMosl em),(Ftu)Fiiterable Settlable Total
7/l5 -12:30 p.m.p~rt1y 49 76 11 7.9 50 45 125 320 41 1,232 1,273
cloudy-
rain
7/29 .11 :30 a.m.partly 50 65 11 8.0 55 55 140 220 86 443'529
cloudy
8/13 29.50 9:30 a.m.IllOst1y 48 5S 12 8.0 55 40 115 210 117 412 529
sunny
8/25 29.45 11:45 a.m.partly 50 57 12 8.0 ~50 45 120 140 71 387 458
cloudy
9/8 29.30 11:55 a.m.overcast .49 12 8.0 60 SO 165 ..30 29 76 105
-4 rain
9/29 29.25 11:30 a.m.partly 41 39 12 8.0 60 SO 170 20 11 13 24
cloudy
•
". .
;'
-43-
,..,'".
I
I
It
i
i:
:~
I
]1 I j
...
,I -}
-
1
~
-44-
)
...
J j')
j
j J---.j).J ~I·..I I I ))J j
Appendix A
Table S.Limnological Data Collected from Slough 11 and 13 between June\23 and September 30.Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Temperature Total Specific
Barometric Weather.(Op)D.O.Hardness Alkali Conductance Turbidity Gage Susitna
Pate Pressuro Time Conditions Water Air (ppm)pH (mg/l)(mg/l).....(uMos/cllI)(Ftu)Y.eight(PT)Plow (CFS)
Slou&lL!!.i
6/23 -2:05 p.lI.clear 45 60 ------4.00 20,600
7/14 -3:45 p.lII.part!y cloudy 51 74 10 7.5 85 105 55 193 4.24 20,500.
7/28 -:11:00 a.lII.cloudy'46 60 .------3.66 20,OC/O
8/11 (.-7:00 p.lI•partly cloudy 47 59 12.7.6 90 55 230 8 3.47 18,000
8/26 -12:30 p.m.Illostly sunny --.,-------3.17 13,900
9/9 211.85 4:20 p.lI.partly cloudy 39 45·12 7.4 95 70 210 0 2.01 6.570
9/30 -,.12:20 p.lII.clear 38 42.-.....--2.00 5,800
Sloulh..!!
6/25 •clear /.41 0.85/0.44 19.600-.-.,.----.-
,.'..:
7/14 -4:30 p.m.partly cloudy 44 72'10 6.7 90 70 200 55 0.86/0.49 20,500
"
7/28',-'.-cloudy 43 .-.--- --0.82/0.45 20,000
!
8/11 -8:00 p.lII.partly'cloudy 40 SS 10 7.4 80 65 170 0 0.83/0.43 18,000
B/27 - -
-.-.- -
----0.84/0.27 13,000.
9/9 29.75.:,5:35 p.lI.partly cloudy 47 51 12 7.6 85 60 200 0 O.SI/dry 6,570
,'
P/30 -1:45 p.lI.clear 36 48 ,.-.----0.22/dry 5,800 .
-'....':-.:...
-4S-
"
..:---.
I I j E '!.))i I i i -)-'];.-1 -1 J..
(
/'
AppendIx ATable6.-·Vater Qua~lty Data Collected from Sloughs 14 and 15 between June 25 and September 30.Devil.Canyon Project.1976.
Barometric
Temperature -Total Specific
Date
Veather (Op)0.0.Hardness Alkali Conductance Turbidity Gage Sushna
Pressure Title Conditions Water Air (ppm)pH (mg/l)(mg/l)..__.(urnhos/em)(Ftul Height(Fr)Flow (CFS)
Slough 14 ..
-J
6/25 ·4:50 p.m..46 ··~-·-·.1.82 19,600
7/14 ·6:00 p.m.partly'cloudy 4S 63 ·12 6.8 35 20 85 -2.07 20,500
.'
7/28 •1:00 p.lII.cloudy 43 1.49 20,000··.-.-·---
8/11
(
•8.50 p.llI.·partly cloudy 43 49 9 6.9 45 IS 90 -1.28 18,000
8/27 ·1:00 p.m.cloudy 43 57 ·.···-0.93 13,000
·
9/9 2~.80 •6:40 p.m.partly cloudy 44 49'o ..0.29 6,57096.9 35 40 95
9/30 .·2:05 p.lD.clear 44 47 0.27 5,800·- ---·.
Slou.&!!.1!
6/30 ·.clear 43 66 -- -··-2.23 20,000...
7/13'-8:30 p.m.c:1oudy~ra1n 47 54 9 6.8 2S.30 68 -2.65 20,000
7/28 ·3:00 p.llI.cloudy 50 ··.----1'.83 20,000
8/12
~rain 2.02 .19,000·10:00 a.lII.44 S2 7 6.7 30 10 72 0
8/26 ·'.7:00 p.m.clear ,47 57 .-···-1.08 13.900
;.
.9/27 29.40 5:20 p.m •overcast 41 47 9 6.7 2S 30 68 0 0.76 6,480
-46-.
))_,-1 )I-,J i »]j ~1 )1 i j ]-Ii
(
Appendix A
Table 7.Water Quality Data Collected from Sloughs 16 and 17 between June 24 and September 29,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
'r3mperature Total Specific
Barometric Weather (OF)D.O.'pH Hardness Alkali Conductance Turbidity Gage Susiena
Date Pressure'Time Conditions Water Air (ppm)(mg/1)(mg/1),(u:r.11o 5/cm)(Ftu)Height(FT)Plow (CFS)
Slough 16
6/24 -1:30 p •••clear 54 62 --··.·'2.17 19,900
7/15 ·7:30 p.lIl.rain 49 52 10 7.2 35 20 85 ·1.77 19.200
7/28 -3:30 p.m.cloudy 50 -------'1.55 20,000
8/12 I 29.50 10:50 a.m.rain 45 51 10 7.1 45 ,35 80 0 1.75 19,000
8/26 ·5:00 p.lII.clear 49 60.·- -
..--0.81 13,900
9/7 29.40 6:30 p.m.overcast 42 47 6 6.2 20 30 60 0 0.45 6,480
9/29 ·,5:40 p.m.clear 47 41 --··-·,0.44 6.060
Slough 17
-<;-..."".
6/24 -3:50 p.llI.clear 48 .··- --·1.97 19.900.64 .7/15 ·6:45 p.m.partly 'cloudy 40 10 7.0 30 35 80 -.1.92 19,200
7/28
..
42 1.64·4:00 p.lll.cloudy - -··---20,000
8/12 29.55
.1:40 p.m.cloudy 38 1.8751,~6.6 25 30 66 0 19,000
8/26 ·4:00 p.m.clear 41 60 ··-·- -
1.01 13,900
9/29 29.30 '3:50 p.m.mostly sunny 41 43 11 6.9 '2S 20 75 0 0.45 6.060
".
/
-47,,;
t •..-.---.
,
I J I--L.L-')I.:'0'\I..~-
1).);1 1 ,
.,~
(
....j,
Appendix A
Table 8.Water Quality Data Collected from Sloughs 18 and 19 between June 15 and September 29,Devils Canyon Project,1~76.
Temperature Total .Specific
Barometric Weather (OP)D.O.Hardness A.1kali Conductance Turbidity Gage Susitna
Date Pressure Tillie Conditions Water Air (ppm)pH (mg/1)(mg/l).(umhos/cm)(Ftl,l)Height(FT)P1o ...(CPS)
Sloui!!....l!
6/24 --...53 - -----.1.80 19,900
7/1S -7:00 p.lII.rainy 48 60 S 7.0 60 SO 118 -1.78 19,200
7/28 4:30 p.m.;cloudy'49 1.77 20,000·-------,
8/12 29.55 3:35 p •••cloudy 48 S4 9 7.3 40 45 105 0 1.78 19,000
8/26 ·4:30 p.m.clear 42 54 ---- --1.68 13,900
9/29 29.30 4:35 p.m.mostly 'sunny 47 50 11 8.0 55 SO 135 0 0.98 6,060
SlouBill.
6/24 - --43 - ------2.49 19,900
7/15 ·5100 p.m.partly cloudy 49 .64 10 7.5 60 40 140 .2.39 19,200
7/28 -5:00 p.m.cloudy 49 --.----1.98 20,000
8/12 29.55 6:50 p.m.cloudy 45 5S 9 7.1 70 SO 142 -2.37 19,000
8/26 -7:30 p.m.cloudy 47 ---- - -
-1.96 13,900
9/8 29.40 S:10 p.m.overcast-l'ain.44 47 12 7.8 60 60 ISO -1.80 6,240
9/29 -3:10 p.m.mostly sunny 42 44 ------1.82 6,060
-48-...
J j \1li ~1--J .1 I J I
(
]J )I )1 I J
I
Appendix A
Table 9.Water Quality Data Collected from Slough 20 between June 24 and September 29.Devils Canyon Project.1976.
Temperature Total Specific
Barometric Weather (OF)D.O.Hardness Alkali Conductance Turbidity Gage Susitna
Date Pressure Time Conditions \"ater Air (ppm),pH (mg/l)(mg/l),(umhos/cm)(Ftu)Height (FT)Discharge (CFS)
51ou~
49 62 ---2.78 19,900
6/24 -.-
4:00 p.ra.partly cloudy 55 76 11 7.7 40 35 105 5 above gauge 19,200
7/15 -
6':00 p.m.cloudy 52 -------2.66 20.000
7/28 -
r 8:00 p.m.cloudy 50 S3 11 7.7 3S 40 05 0 2.64 19.000
8/12 29.55
7:00 p.m.partly cloudy ------.-2.60 13,900
8/26 --
29.35 .overcast-rain 43 47 12 7.6 SS 40 110 0 2.63 6,240
9/8 '4:05 p.m.
2:00 p;m.clear 39 48 ---.2.70 6,060
9/29 -
,;
...49-
~..._.
J 1 )---3 1 lj J 1 .~1 J Y )I i
(
J
Appendix A
Table 20.Water ~~ity Data Collected from Willow Creek,Little Willow Creek,Kashwitna River and Caswell Creek between July 21 and
October 12,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
])ate
-BarometJ:'ic
Pressure Time
Weather
Conditions
Tempe:tature
,("F)
\later Air
D.O.
(ppm)pH
Hardness
(mg/l)
Total
Alkali
(mg/l)
Specific
Conductance
(}lI:lho s/cm)
Turbidity
(Ftu)
Suspended Solid9(~/l)
Non--
~1iterable Settlable Total
1
.
,-
~"
t·
~-.
!.<
(.-
;
!
~
"f
j.
f
i
I.
!
~..-~-_.-....._-~
Willow Creek
7/21 6:50 p.m.partly 56 68 10 7.6 20 20 72
cloudy
9/1 29.10 5:30 p.m.cloudy 49 57 11 7.5 20 20 80 0
rain
10/12 30.25 10:45 a.m.clear -.,;14 7.4 30 30 92 0
Little Willow Creek
7/21 -5:55 p.m.partly 57 74 10 7.4 10 10 38
cloudy
9/1 30.05 5:00 p.m.mostly 47 61 11 7.2 10 20 34 0
cloudy
10/12 30.20 5:10 p.m.clear --13 7.1 30 20 48 ~
Kashwitna River
7/21 -4:10 p.m.mostly 55 74 11 7.7 20 15 44
sunny
9/1 30.00 4:05 p.m.partly 47 60 11 7.5 20 20 48 10
cloudy
10/12 30.15 4:20 p.m.-clear ----14 7.5 25 15 65 0_....~.........--,;........:;--~--_.
Caswell Creek
7/21 -4:50 p.m.partly 58 77 10 7.5 20 20 55
cloudy
9/1 30.00 3:25 p.m.partly 49 57 11 7.3 15 10 52 0
cloudy'
10/12 30.15 3:50p.m.clear --13 7.1 20 15 55 0
!
-50-'
J j _J I 1_~.)l )J j j ).))I ]
,.
Appendix A ..
Table 11.Water Quality Data Collected from Sheep Creek.Goose Creek.and ~ontana Creek betWeen July 21 and October 12.Devils Canyon Project.1976.
TeItperature<.Total Specific Suspended_~ol1dsLll!&ill
Barollletric Weather:(oF)D.O.Hardness Alkali Conductance Turbidity Non-·
Date Pressure·Time Conditions Vater Air (ppm)pH (mgtl)(mg/l)(lunho slem)(Ftu)niterable Settlable Total.-
Sheen Creek
7/21 -3.:15 p.m.clear 58 75 11 7.4 15 20 32
9/1 30.00 2:30 p.m.partly 50 61 12 7.8 15 10 40 5
cloudy
10/12 30.15 3:15 p ....clear 13 7.2 20 IS 55 0
Goose Creek
7/21 -2:15 p.llI.clear 44 72 11 7.3 10 20 36
9/1 30.00 1:40 p.m.mostly 45 57 11 7.2 10 IS 42 0
liunn:,
10/12 30.10 2:35 p.m.clear --13 7.2 20 10 SO 0
.~Iontana Creek
7/21 -12:20 p.m.clear·S4 76 10 7.4 10 20 46 0
9/1 29.95 12:00 p.Pl.mostly 47 5S 11 7.4 10 10 4S 0
sunny
10/12 30.~O 2:00p.m.clear --14 7.3 10 S 48·0
-51-
.,..........
J ~,.,''l-_U-J _L......_,~~.__l:.,"~.•>,
j ))J 1 J J J 1
((
1
AppendiX A
Table 12.Water Quality Data Col1ected£rom Slough 3C and Chase Creek between June 26 and October I,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Weather Temperature Total Specific
BaroJ:letric (OP)D.O.Hardness Alkali Conductance Turbidity Gage Susitna
Date Pross\l%'e Time Conditions Water Air (ppm)pH (l:Ig/l)(mg/l),__,(umhos/cm)(Ftu)Height(FT)Discharge (CFS)
--
lI'hiskers Creek
6/2(,-1:~0 p.m.clear 58 -------1.10 20,300
7/16 -1:30 p.m.partly cloudy 54 66 9-7.4 20 '20 46 -0.70 18.400
7/26 -4":35 p.m.partly cloudy 56 60 ------0.97 19,000
8/10 I
18,000-11:30 a.m.mostly sunny 5,6 75 9 7.1 20 20 48 5 0.96.
10/1 29.90 10:10 a.m.elear 37 35 12 7.0 20 10 22 0 (·)0.2
Chase Creek
6/26 .1~:45 a:m.clear 56 68 .-- ---5.40 -20,300
7/16 .1:00 p.m.cloudy-fain 54 64 9 7.3 15 20 48 -5.39 18,400
7/Z6 -,7:30 p.m.partly-cloudy --------5.33 19,000.....,1'
8/10 -1:10 p.m.mostly sunny 58'70 10 7.1 10 20 46 0 5.39 18,000
8/31 -3:45 p.m.partly .el oudy 50 59 --.---5.28 9,340
9/30 29.75 5:00 p.m.clear 41 43 f2 '7.1 15 is 48 0 5.38 5,800
"....
..
",
,:-
-52-
t-.,__•
....
"1 -.....j i .J 1 l ].)1 I))1 j
>
1
,..
Appendix A
Table 13.Water qual1ty Data Collected from Fourth o~July Creek.Gold Creek.Indian River and Portage Creek between July l7~n:d Septew,er 28.Devils Canyon Project,1976....\..
j
Temperatu.re Total Spec1!ic Suspen~ed Solids (mg/l)
Batoz:etric Weather ("n D.O.Hardnesa.Alkali Conductance Turbidity Non-'
Date lressure T1llIe Conditions Water Air (ppm)pH (mg/1)(mg/1)(jlmhos/cm)(Ftu)Filterable Sett1able Total.
;
Fourth of July Creek
7/14 -11:30 p.lII.partly SO 63 10 7.2 5 15 68 0
cloudy
8/11 -9:05 a.lll.partly 53 59 10 7.3 10 10 35 0
cloudy
8/27 -11 :00 a.m.clear 47 57
9/7 29.80 .11:30 a.lII.mostly 45 62 12 7.5 5 10 25 0
sunny
Gold Creek .
8/26 29.35 10:30 a.lI.mostly 43 57 11 8.3 95 80 190 0
sunny
9/8 29.45 6:40 p.llI.overcast -49 12 8.2 105 70 220 0
drizzle
Indian River ..
I.
I 7/15 5:30 p.lII.partly 42 67 11 7.6 10 20 42 0-.
cloudy
8/12 29.55 12:00 nOon cloudy 48 SO 10 7.5 \:'20 55 0
rain
8/'1.6 -2:00 p.lIl.mostly 46 -- -sunny
9/28 29.15 5:55 p.m.cloudy 44 45 12 7.4 IS 20.52 ,0
..'.,.
•Portage Creek
7/15 -1:30 p.llI.partly 44 76 11 7.5 25 20 72 0
cloudy
8/13 29.50 11:30 a.m.mostly 47 68 11 7.5 30 20 70 0
sunny
8/25 -12:00 noon mostly SO
sUnny
o/A 2A.~n 12:40 tl.m.overcast :43 45 12 7.9 40 10 118 ...o·._.•
.._---...._.-.-...-..---...,'._'.._--,---,-___.__._;"5.l:~~~..._.':~..-._..'....---~..._._--
J .]1 J £
..~I ..,i )L ]I J ))1 J j I
f f
-]J--~1--·-".1 ._T·-,,·J j J i ].~')I
"I 1 j I
,
Appendix A
Table 15.Thermograph Set in Susitna River above Chase Creek;Daily Maximum and Minimum Water Temperatures,Devils Canyon Project 1976.
Temp.-F Temp.of Temp.of Temp.of
Date M:1x.~l1n.Date Max.Min.Date Max.Min.Date Max.Min.
JWle 21 -51 July 20 57 55 Aug.18 51 49 Sept.16 45 44
22 52 49 21 57 55 19 50 49 17 44 44
"
23 5S 50 22 51 56 20 52 50 18 44 43
,24 55 52 23 57 56 21 52 51 19 44 43
25 56 53 24 --22 53 .52 20 44 44
26 58 55 25 --23 54 52 21 44 44
27 59 56 26 56 54 24 -52 22 45 43
28 58 56 27 55 55 25 --23 43 42
29 58 55 28 55 54 26 --24 42 42
30 59 55
29 55 54 27 --25 42 42
30 59 .55 28 --26 43 42
July 1 55 51 31 59 58 29 --27 44 42
2 53 51 30 --28 43 .·41
3 52 51 Aug.1 59 58 31 -48 29 41
4 51 49 2 58 58
5 48 47 3 59 57 Sept.1 49 47
6 52 48 4 58 56 2 48 47
7 55 51 5 56 55 3 48 46
8 58 54 6 55 54 4 46 44
9 58 56 7 54 54 5 45 44
10 58 57 8 54 52 6 45 44
11 58 56 9 52 50 7 44 44
12 57 56 10 53 _50 8 45 44
13 56'55 11 54 52 9 46 45
14 57 54 12 54 53 10 46 45
15 .55 54 13 54 53 11 46 45
16 55 54 14 54 53 12 46 43
17 56 54 15 53 53 13.45 44
18 56 5S 16 52 52 14 46 45
19 57 S5 17 52 51 15 46 45
;'55-
)j l-L l-1-,1--,::,.l ~J I i I )""1 1 j J
...
j
.''.
Appendix A
Table 16.Thermograph Set inSusitna River between Devi1's Canyon and Portage Creek;Daily Maximum and Minimum Water Temperatures,Devils Canyon
Project,1976.
Temp.OF Temp.OF Temp.OF Temp.OF Temp.OF
Date Max.Min.Date ~I..,x.Min.Date ~Iax.Min.Date Max.Min.Date Max.Min.
June 22 50 50 July 21 S3 53 Aug.19 --Sept.17 43 43 Oct.16 33 33
23 50 50 22 53 53 20 --18 42 41 17 34 33
24 51 51 23 S3 53 21 --19 42 41 18 35 34
25 52 52 24 53 53 22 --20 42 41 19 35 34
26 54 52 25 53 52 23 --21 43 42 20 35 35
27 54 54 26 52 52 24 --22 43 43 21 35 35
28 55 54 27 52 52 25 52 49 23 43 42 22 35 35
29 55 55 28 52 52 26 49 48 24 42 41 23 35 33
30 55 53 29 53 52 27 48 47 25 41 41 24 33 33
SO 55 53 28 47 46 26 41 41
25 33 33
July 1 52 52 31 56 55 29 46 46 27 --26 33 33
2 52 52
30 47 46 28 --27 33 33
3 51 51 Aug.1 57 54
31 47 47 29 --28 33 30
4 50 49 2 58 55 39 -36 29 31 30
5 49 48 3 57 55 Sept.1 47 47 30 31 31..6 49 48 4 55 53 2 47 46
Oct.1 36 35.
7 53 49 5 54 54 3 46 45 2 35 34
8 54 52 6 54 52 4 45 45 3 35 34
9 55 54 7 S3 52 5 43 43 4 36 3S
10 54 54 8 52 52 6 --S 37 36
11 55 54 9 51 49 7 --6 38 37
12 55 54 10 48 48 8 45 44 7 38 38
•13 55 54 11 50 48 9 45 44
8 38 34
14 54 54 12 52 50 10 44 44 9 34 32
15 S3 52 13 52 51 11 44 44 10 32 32
16 52 52 14 52 50 12 44 43 11 32 32
17'52 52 15 52 51 13 43 43 12 32 32
18 53 52 16 51 51 14 43 43 13 32 32
19 53 53 17 -~15 43 43 14 33 32
I 20 S3 53 18 -~16 43 42 15 33 33
.,
Ir
!
Ir'
I
j
!;
!'
I"-56,-----------_..'....
•>
-57-
)J 1 )I 1 J J I ])I )J
Appendix A
Table 18 •.Susitna River discharge at Gold Creek;USGS Provisional Data,1976.
~lay _ _June July Augus~September
Gage --------------tage --Gage Gage Gage
Day Height Discharge Height Discharge Height Discharge Height Discharge Height Discharge
..
I
I
\iJo.
1
1 ~.43 17,200 10.01 20.600 20,000
2 10.28 22.200 10.38 22.800 21,000
3 .10.99 26.900 10.17 21.500 21,000
4 11,31 29,500 9.80 19.300 21,000
5 11.30 29,400 9.76 19.100 20.000
6 11,29 29.300 9.38 16.900 20.000
7 11.07 27.600 9.02 15.100 20.000
8 10.98 26,900 9.29 16,400 20.000
9 10.61 24.300 9.71 18,800 19.000
10 11.36 29,900 9.88 19,800 18.000
11 --------11.79 33.300 9.79 19.200 18.000
12 8.72 13,600 11.78 33.300 9.76 19.100 19.000
13 9.01 15,000 11.36 29,900 9.91 20.000 20.000
14 8.95 14,800 11.16 28.300 10.00 20,500 20.000
15 8.65 13,200 11,08 27.600 9.79 19.200 20.000
16 8.51 T2-,000 10.96 26,700 9.65 18.400 20,000
17 8.33 11.900 10.86 26.000 9.77 19,100 20.000
18 8.52 12.700 10.34 22.500 19.000 20,000
19 8.73 13,600 9.81 19.400 20,000 9.79 19.200
20 8.53 12,700 9.67 18.500 19,000 9.41 17.000
2r---8.50 12.600 9.77 19.100 20.000 9.21 16,000
22 8.62 13.100 10.08 21,000 20.000 9.09 15,400
23 8.91 14.600 10.02 20.600-21,000 8.99 15,000
24 9.02 15.100 9.90 19.900 21.000 8.81 14.000
25 8.98 14,900_____9.85 19.600 20.,000 8'.81 14.000
26 9.02 15,100 9.97 20.300 19.000 8.78 --13,900
27 9.10 15,500 9.99 20.400 19.000 8.61 13.000
28 8.90 14.500 10.09 21,000 20.000 8.33 11,900
29 8.68 13.400 10.07 20.900 20.000 8.12 11.100
30 8.94 14,700 9.91 20,000 20,000 7.81 9.840
31 9.07 15,400 19,000 7.67 9.340
-58-
7.63
7.65
7.47
7.34
7.19
7.09
6.76
6.68
6.79
6.85
6.87
6.79
6.64
6.51
6.45
6,60
6.76
6.57
6.48
6.59
6.89
7.14
7.28
7.19
6.99
6.82
6.76
6.69
6.62
6.52
9,200
9,280
8,640
8.220
7.770
7,470
6,480
6,240
6,570
6.750
6,810
6.570
6.120
5,780
5.620
6.000
6,480
5.920
5.700
5,980
6.870
7,620
8.040
7.770
7,170
6,660
6,480
6,270
6,06()
5,800
'-'....~
Appendix A
Table 19.Slough 3 Cross-Sections and Stage r.auge Information,Devil s
Canyon Project,1976.
Location of Gauge:Permanent marker is a tree on eastside of slough.tlark
is 10.0'above slough bed and gauge is 46'from lTIurk (ribbon).
June 26,1976
".....
Elevation
Distance froT:!mouth to gauge
Water surface height at gauge
Slough width at gauge
f1axiJ:luJIl depth at gauge
Change jn bed elevation
Bed surface composition
Slough width at mouth
Slough depth at mouth
Susitna River mean daily discharge
528 ft.
30 yds.
0.73 ft.
29 ft.
0.75 ft.
sand,gravel
33 ft.
1.66 ft.
20,300 CFS
25 30
",....
-
Slough Cross-Section..L to Banks and
Adjacent to G...ugc (6/26/76).
Width
Ft.0 ~10 15 20
~~rz==:=-7
f;<2 ]
Cl
Cross-Section at Houth.L to B:mks·
(6/~6/76)•
mdth
F.t •.0 5 10 IS 20 25 30 35
t:f\==7
-59-
Location of Gauge:Permanent markcr is tree on cast side of slough.nark
is 10.0'above slough bed and gauge is 67'from mark
(yellow paint).
'~-
Appendix A
Table 20.Slough 10 Cross-Section and Stage r.auge Information,Devils
Canyon Project,1976.
.-
Elevation
Approximate distance from mouth to gauge
Water surface height at gaugc
Actual "'ater depth at gauge
Slough width at gauge
Haximum depth at cross-section
Change in bed elevation
Bed surface composition
Slough width at mouth
Slough depth at mouth
Susitna River mean daily discharge
June 25,1976
630 ft.
100 ft.
5.80 ft.
2.47
55 ft.
2.31 ft.
silt,sand
19,600 ers
September 9,1976
630 ft.
100 ft.
3.71 ft.
0.13 ft.
3 ft.
0.47 ft.
-0.2 ft.
silt,sand
6,570 CFS
~
Slough Cross-Section.L to Banks and Adjacent to r.auge (6/25/760.
\."idth
Ft.0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
0
1
~.c:
4-J
~2c:::
3-
..--60-
Appendix A
Table 21.Slough 11 Cross~Sect ions and Stage Gauge Informat ion,Devil s
Canyon Project,1976.
Locat ion of Gauge:Permanent marker is tree on cast side of slough.!!ark
is 12.0'above slough bed and gauge is 26.0'from mark
(paint ,and ribbon).
June 23.1976 September 9.1976
I~
Elevation
Approximate distance from mouth to gauge
.Water surface height at gauge
Actual water depth at gauge
Slough width at gauge
Haximum depth at cross-section
Change in bed elevation
Bed surface composition
Slough \'Iidth at mouth
Slough depth at mouth
Susitna River mean daily diSCharge
668 ft.
100 ft.
4.00 ft .•
gravel.boulder
20.600 CFS
656 ft.
100 ft.
2.03 ft.
2.04 ft.
18 ft.
2.04 ft.
sand,gravel.boulder
6.570 CFS
11 in Three Separate Channels on 9/9/76Slough
Cross-Section of Channel \
Farthest from Susitna
River to Banks and .
Adjacent to Gauge 9/9/76..Cross-Sect ion of mdJlc
Channel to banks ~l/9/76.
.Cross-Section of Channel
Closest to Susitna River
to Banks.
~width width
Ft.0 5 10 15 20 Ft.O 5 10 15 20 Ft.O
0 0 0
..t::}'5 1 -Zl4-J
Po ~Po.
G>G>0
"0 2 "0 2 "0 2
-61-
width
5 10 15 20 2S
Location of Gauge:Permanent marker is tree on east side of slough.rtark
is 11.0 feet above s laugh bed and gauge is 10 feet
froin mark (paint and ribbon)•.
-Appendix 'A
Table 22.Slough 13 Cross-Section and Stage Gauge Information t Devils
Canyon Projcct t 1976.
June 25 t 1976 Septcnber 9 t 1976
-~
Elevation
Approximate distance from mouth to gauge
\'later surface height at gauge
Actual water depth at gauge
Slough width at gauge
f~ximum depth at cross-section
Change in bed elevation
Bed surface composition
Slouth \vidt}t at mouth
'Slough depth.atl?outh
Susitna River mean daily discharge
Slough Cross~Section..1..to Banks
and Adjacent to Gauge (6/25/76).
688 ft.
40 ft.
4.18 ft.
0.8S ft.
11 ft.
0.85 ft.
siit t sandt gravel
9 ft.'
0.55 ft.
I9 t 600 CFS
664 ft.
40 ft.
3.63 ft.
0.37 ft.
6 ft.
0.37 ft.
-0.31 ft.
silt,sandt gravel
Oft.
0.00 ft.
6 t 570 CFS
Ft.0 2 4
width
6 8 10 12
-62-
-.
Appendix A
Table 23.Slough 14 Cross-Sections and Stage Gauge Information~·Dcvi]~..
Canyon Project~1976.
Location of Gauge:Permanent marker is tree on east side of slough.rtark
is 9.0'above slough bed and gauge is 26'from mark .
....
June 25.1976 September 9~1976
....
Elevation
Approximate distance from mouth to gauge
Water surface height at gauge
Actual \\later depth at gauge
Slough width at gauge
rlaximum depth at cross-section
Change in bed elevation
Bed surface cooposition
Slough \·/idth at mouth
Slough depth at mouth
Susitna IU.vcr mean daily discharge
685 ft.
100 ft.
1 ~82 ft.
1.82 ft.
19 ft.
2.15 ft.
grcivel~silt
IS ft.
1.41 ft.
19~600 CFS
660 ft.
100 ft •
0.29 ft.
0.22 ft.
17 ft.
0.60 ft.
0.0 ft.
gravel,sand,silt
1 ft.
0.3 ft.
6~S70 eFS
width
1520105
Slough Cross-ScctionL to
Banks and Adjacent to Gauge
(9/9/76).
Ft.0
o
.......:....2
Slough Cross-Section.L to
Banks and Adjacent to
Gauge (6/25/76).
width
Ft.0 5 10 15 20
o
r-,
-63-
Locat ion of Gauge:Permanent marker is tree on \-/est side of slough.nark
is 10.0'from slough bed and gauf~c is located 13.0'
feet from mark (ribbon).
Appendix A
Table 24.Slough IS Cross-Sections and Stage Gauge Information,Devils
Canyon Project.1976.
June 24,1976 September 7.1976
Elevation
Approximate distance from mouth to gauge
Water surface height at gauge
Actual water depth at gauge
Slough width at gauge
f·laximulil depth at cross-section
Change in bed elevation
Bcd surface composition
Slough width at mouth
Slough depth at rnouth
Susitna River mean daily discharge
703 ft.
ISO yds.
2.23 ft.
31 ft.
2.15 ft.
silt
41 ft.
3.44 ft.
19,900 CFS
691 ft.
ISO yds.
0.76 ft.
0.54 ft.
7.2 ft.
0.64 ft.
+0.2 ft.
silt,sand,gravel
,J 1 ft.
0.4 ft.
6,480 CFS
Susitna River 1-lea11 Daily Discharge
Slough Cross-Sect ion..)..to Banks
at Staff Gauge (6/24/76).
41
Banks
31 36
Slough Cross-Sect ion.L to
at 'buth (6/24/76).
width
6 11 16 21 26
31272124
*."Ft.1...........
0
1
.t:2
~
g.3
"l;)
4
width
12 IS 18Ft.0 3 6 9
0
1
2
.c:
~3
G,)...,
4
~.
-64-
-Appendix A
Table 25.Slough 16 Cross-Section and Stage Gauge Information,Dcvil.9 Canyon
Project,1976.
Location of Gauge:Permanent marker is tree or north side of slough.nark is
13.0'above slough bed and gauge is 44'from mark •
.-
Slough Cross-Section.Lto Banks and Adjacent to (jaug<;l,Beginning from the North
Bank (6/24/76).
width
827S606S70554045.503530252010155Ft.0
O""""""_..L-_-l-_-L_--'r..-._.L-_-4-_-'-_---"_--l'-_.L-_~_.,....t____'__.L_._...l_._~,.J.
r ......,
3
-65-
~,
Location of Gauge:Permanent marker is tree on west side of slough.~Iark is
12.0'above slough bed and gauge is 24.0'from mark.
Appendix A
Table 26.Slough 17 Cross-Sections and Stage Gauge Information,Devil s.Canyon
Project,1976.
June 24,1976 September 29,1976
.-
IHevation
Approximate distance from mouth to gauge
'tater surface height at gauge
Actual water depth at gauge
Slough \vidth at gauge
lfuximum depth at gauge
Change in bed elevation
Bed surface composition
Slough width at mouth
Slough depth at mouth
715 ft.
50 yds
5.~O ft.
1.76 ft,
29 ft.
1.76 ft.
very soft silt
35 ft.
4.40 ft,
19,900 CFS
50 yds,
3.78 ft.
.60 ft.
.60 .ft.,
.40·.£t.
very soft silt
o
o
6,060 CFS
,"
4
s
3S
Slough Cross-Section L to Banks
at ~buth (6/24/76).
width
15 20 2S 30290510
0
1
.c
~2
.t)
~
33
1
Cross-Section of Slough l...to
Banks &Adjacent to Gauge
(6/24/76)..d JWlt \
Ft.,0 5 10 15 20 2S
o
....
,-
--66-
",
Appendix A
Table 27.Slough 18 Cross-Section and Stage Gauge Information,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Location of Gauge:Permanent marker is tree on north side of
slough.Mark is 6.0'above slough bed and
gauge is 24'from mark.
June 24,1976 Sept.29,1976
-
Elevation
Approximate distance from mouth to ga4ge
Water surface height at gauge
Actual water depth at gauge
Slough width at gauge
Maximum depth at cross-section
Change in bed elevation
Bed\surface compo s i ti on
Slough width at mouth
Slough depth at mouth
Susitna River mean daily discharge
714 ft.
40 yds.
1.80 ft.
1.80 ft.
38 ft.
2.54 ft.
s"i 1 t
3 ft.
0 •.3 ft.
19,900 CPS
40 ycls.
.98 ft.
.98 ft.
silt
o ft.
a ft.
6,060 CFS
Slough Cross-Section..Lto Banks and Adjacent to r.uage (6/24/76)
width
10 15 20 2S 30 3S 38Ft05
.-C1
1
"""os::
~
~2
'0
3
.....
:.~
Appendix A
Table 28.Slough 19 Cross-Sections and Stage Gauge Information,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Location of Gauge:Permanent marker is tree on south side of
slough.Hark is 9.0'from slough bed and
gauge is 53 1 from mark.
3
Ft.0 5
o
J un e 25,I 976 S e pt.8.1976
Elevation 72~ft.718 ft.
Approximate distance from mouth to gauge 50 ft.50 ft.
Water surface height at gauge 5.32 ft.5.13 ft.
Actual water depth at gauge 2.~3 ft.1.59 ft.
Slough width at gauge 60 ft.5~ft.
Maximum depth at cross-section 2.53 ft.1.72 ·ft.
Chan g e i n bed e leva t ion +O.1 ft.
Bed surface composition soft silt so·ft silt
Slough width at mouth II ft.0
Slough depth at mouth 1.95 ft.O.
Susitna River mean daily discharge 19,600 CFS 6,240 CFS
Slough Cross-Section to Banks &Adjacent to Gauge (6/25/76)
width
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
I
L
~2
II)
"0
.,...
Slough Cross-Section to Bank~&Adjacent to Gauge (9/8/76)
width
Ft-0 5 10 I 5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 54
0
1
J:...
0-
G.J2v
3 -68-
~,
location of Gauge:Permanent mark is tree on south side of slough.
Ma r k i s I O.0 I abo v e s lou gh bed and g aug e i s 47'
from tree.
Append i x A
Table 29.Slough 20 Cross-Sections and Stage .Gauge Information,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
June 25,1976 Sept.ember 8.1976
724 f t.
ISO yds.
2.63 ft.
2.50 ft.
32 ft.
2.60 f1.
silt,sand
4 .ft.'
0.5 ft.
6,240 CFS
709 ft.
ISO yes.
2.73 ft.
2.50 ft.
32 ft.
2.33 f1.
silt,sand
3S ft.
J.l3lt f1.
19.600 CF$
Elevation
Approximate distance from mouth to gauge
Water surface,height at gauge
Actual water depth at gauge
-Slough width at gauge
Maximum depth at cross-section
Change in bed elevation
Bed surface composition
Slough width at mouth
S~outh gepth at mouth
Susitn~River mean daily discharge
.....
3
width
ft-_~--:..t::...._..&.:1:...:5::......:2;;A.:O::-"';'--=.LL--J.-52
Slough Cross-Section~to
Banks E Adjacent to 5auge
(9/8/76).
.)3
.c...
0-
.::2
Slough Cross-Section-l-to
Banks &Adjacent to Gauge
(6/25/76).--i
'-.-
-69-
Appendix A
Tab I e 30.Slough 3C Slough Cross Sections and Stage Gauge Information,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
Location of ~auge:Permanent ~arker is tree on north side of
slough.Mark is 11.0'above slough bed and
gauge is 50.0'from mark.
-
Elevation
Approximate distance from mouth to gauge
~ater surface height at gauge
Slough width at gause
Maximum depth at cross-section
Change in bed elevation
Bed surface composition
\o/i d t h
Depth
Actual water depth at gauge
Susitna River mean daily discharge
June 26,1976
426 ft.
I,DOOft.
1.10 ft.
1)0 f t.
1.30ft.
silt,sand
1.10 ft.
20,300 CFS
October I.1976
1.000ft..
Bel 0 \'J Ga u 9 e i
8.ft.-
0.4 ft.
-0.25 ft.
silt,sand.grvl
0.3 ft.
<5,800 CFS
.....-
Tributary Cross-Section~to Banks and .I\djacent to Gauge (6/2(,176).
width
9 12 15 1863fLO0......_-"--_.1.--_.1.--_'"--_.1-----',
width
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 00 901 a 110 120130~Ft o 0
s::.
"""1a.
Q.I
"'0
2
Stteam Discharge =~.15 CFS
.....
OZl
a.
Q.I
"02
Trlbutary Cross-Section ~to Banks
Appox.0.25 Mi.Above Gauge (7/26/76).
Chinook ~almon Sp~wn at this Site •
-70-
Location of Cauge:Permanent mark is rOck on"west side of creek.
Ma r k i s I.0 I abo v e c ree k bed and 9 aug e i s 5.0 I
frora mark.
Appendix A
Table 31.Chase Creek Cross-Sections and Stage Gauge Infor~ation,
Devils Canyon Project,1976.
50 f t.
5.38 ft.
2.05 ft-
13 ft.
2.05 ft.
o
s·and ,gravel
June 26,1976 Sept.30,1976
ljf,2 ft.
50 f t.
5.110 ft.
2.07 ft.
Hi f t.
2.07 ft.
3
sand.gravel
17 ft.
1.16 ft.
20,3QO CFS 5.800 CFS
to gauge
Elevation
Approximate distance from mouth
Water surface height ~t g~uge
Actual water depth at gauge
Tributary width at gauge
Maximum depth at cross-Section
Change in bed elevation
Bed surface composition
Tributary width at mouth
Tributary depth at mouth
Susitna P-iver mean daily flow
,~-
Tributary Cross-Section
...L to Banks and Adjacent
to Gauge (6/26/70.
Tributary Cross-Section
...L to Banks and Adjacent
to Gauge (7/26/76).
Tributary Cross-
Sect ion at t10uth
(6/26/76)
Discharge=2.1]CFS
15 20
.c.1
u
a.
.~2
"0
width
Ft.O 5 10
o
12
.~.....':.M_
width
369
3
.c....
0.2.,
~
width
5 10 15 20
3
FLOo
.c.
u
0.2
~.,
"...
'-71-
.....
.....
Appendix A
Table 32.Tributary Flow Data,Devils Canyon Project,1976.
.Tributary Date Flow (CFS)
Portage Creek 9/8/76 500 (Est.)
Gold Creek 9/8/76 17
Fourth of July Creek 7/27/76 12
9/9/76 37
Whiskers Creek 8/26/76 4
\.
-72-
"......'
....-.-:""'~"'-"'-''''''''.-""'''-~''r:''f
....
....
APPENDIX B
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF DAM IMPACTS
Adams J James R.1969.Thermal power,aquatic life and kilowatts on the
Pacific Coast.Presented at American Power Conference annual meeting,
Chicago,Illinois,April 22-25,1969.In:Proceedings of the American.
Power Conference.Vol.31.Dept.of Engineering Research.--racific
Gas and Electric CompanYJ Emeryville J California.pp.2-12.
Andrewj F.J.and G.H.Ceen.1958.Sockeye and pink salmon investigations
at the Seton Creek hydroelectric installation.Inter.Pacific Salmon
Fis.Comm.Progress report.New Westminster,B.C.,Canada,113 pp.
1960.Sockeye and pink salmon production in relation
to proposed dams in the Fraser River system.Inter.Pacific Salmon
Fish.Comm.Bull.XI.New Westminster,B.C.,Canada.259 pp.
Andrew J F.J.,l..R.Kersey,and P.C.Johnson.1955.An investigation of
the problem of guiding downstream migrant salmon at dams.Inter.
Pacific Salmon Fish.Comm.,Bull.VIII.·New Westminster,B.C.,Canada.
6S pp .
Anonymous.No date.Facilities to pass downstream migrants and reservoir
rearing data.[Forwarded by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
Administration..National Marine Fisheries Service.Columbia Fisheries
Program Office,P.O.Box 4332,Portland,Oregon].17 pp.
Antonikov,A.F.1964.Hydroelectric construction and the problem of fish
passage facilities.Hydroelectric Construction,No.3,pp.26-29.
Translated by Ole A.Mathisen,Fisheries Research Institute,Univ.of
Washington,College of Fisheries.Circular No.225.Seattle.December,.
1964.
Atton.F.M..1975.Impact analysis:Hindsight and foresight in Saskatchewan.
~.Fish.Res.Board,Canada J Vol.32 (1).January.pp •.101-105.
I
I
I
I
I
I
!
I
·1
j
!
-~
Austin,R.W.1973.
and problems.
Turbidity:
7 pp.+Fig.
Some definitions,methods of measurement
[Memorandum,March 9,1973J.
Beiningen J K.1.and W.J.Ebel.1970.Effect of John Day Dam on dissolved
nitrogen concentration and salmon in the Columbia River,1968.Trans.
Am.Fish.Soc.,Vol.99(4),Oct.pp.664-671.
Bell,M.C.1952.
Vol.44(4):
Streams,dams and salmon movements.
July..pp.32-40 •
Western Fisheries,
-
•'1953.Fisheries research at high dams in Washington--~S;:;-t:-a~t"-e-.-"::B~r-'-i"""tish Columbia Natural Resources Conference,Transactions,
6th:Victoria,B.C.pp.102-106.
-73-
"
-
1954.Salmon fisheries versus power development.
World Fishing.pp.392-396+.
1973.Fisheries handbook of engineering requirements
and biological criteria.Fisheries engineering research program.U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers.North Pacific Diyision,Portland,Oregon.
Loose lea~,34 charts.
Bell,Milo C.,A.C.Delacy,an~H.D.copp.1972.A compendium on the
survival of fish passing through spillways and conduits.For the
Fisheries Engineering Research program.U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,
North Pacific Division,Portland,Oregon.January.121 pp.+figures.
Bell,Milo C.,et al.1967.A compendium on the success of passage of
small fish through turbines.U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,North
Pacific Division,Portland,Oregon.May.268 pp.
Bell,R.1959.Time,size,and estimatednurnbers of seaward migration of
chinook sahllon and steelhead trout in the Brownlee-Oxbow section of the
Middle Snake Rivers.Idaho Dept.Fish and Game,Boise,Idaho.March I,
36 pp.
Bentley,W.W.and H.L.Raymond.1967.Collection of juvenile salmonids
.from turbine intake gatewells of major darns in the Columbia River
system,Bureau of Commercial Fisheries,Biological Laboratory,Seattle,
Washington,12 pp.
Bishop,D.1974.A hydrologic reconnaissance of the Susitna River below
Devils Canyon.Environaid.Juneau,Oct.55 pp.
\
Bouck,Gerald R.,et a1.1976.Observations on gas-bubble disease among
wild adult Columbia River fishes.Trans.Am.Fish.Soc.,Vol.lOS{l),
Jan.pp.114-115.
Brannon,E.L.1965.The influence of physical factors on the development
and weight of sockeye salmon embryos and alevins.Progress report No.
2.Intern.Pac.Salmon Fish.Comm.,New Westminste'r,B.C.,Canada.
26 pp.----
1972.Mechanisms controlling migration of sockeye
salmon fry.Bu~l.XXI.Intern.Pac.Sal.Fish.Comm.,New Westminster,
B.C.,Canada.86 pp.
1956.Some principals in the thermal requirements of
fishes.Quart.Rev.BioI.Vol.31(2),June.pp.75-87.
1953.Research in salmon migration over high dams:
The nature of the biological problems.British Columbia Natural
Resources:Conferences,6th Transactions.pp.96-102.
-
-
Brett,J.R.1952.Temperature tolerance in young Pacific salmon.
Res.Board Can.Vol.9(6),Nov.pp.265-323.
J~Fish.
-74-
....1957.Salmon research and hydropower development.
J.Pish.Res.Board Can.Nanaino,8.C.July IS .
1957.
Fish.Res.Board Can.
Salmon research and hydroelectric power.
Bull.No.114.Ottawa,Canada.26 pp.
J.
Bush,Robert D.1974.Flows in rivers in the Susitna system.Xerox copy
of a personal communication (unpublished).5 pp.
1958.Implications and assessment of environmental
stress.H.R.MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries:The Investigation of
Fish-Power Problems.Edited by P~.Larkin.Institute of Fisheries,
Univ.of British Columbia,Vancouver.pg.69-83.
Calderwood.W.J.
Fish.Soc.
1928.Hydroelectricity and salmon fisheries.
Vol.58,pp.154-160.
Trans.Am.·
-
....
-.
Calkins,Thomas P.1959.The effect of fin removal on the swimming ability
of young silver salmon.Fisheries Research Institute.Circular 109 ..
College'of 'Fisheries.Univ.of Washington.Seattle.Nov.
Canada Dept.of the Environment.1973.Water requirements for the
fisheries resource.Fisheries and Marine Service,Pacific Region,
Vancouver,·B.C.Prepared by A.F.Lill and R.E.Hamilton.Environmental
Quality Unit,Southern Operations Branch.April 24.21 pp.+Figs.
Canada Dept.of Fisheries.1957.A report on the fisheries problems
related to the power development of the Cheakamus River system.
Vancouver.B.C.March .•39 pp +Figs.
Canada Dept.of Recreation and Conservation.1976.Method for determining
minimum accc-ptable flows in British Columbia's salmon,char.and trout
streams.Draft copy.Fish and Wildlife Branch.Victoria.British
Columbia.March.67 pp.
Canada Fisheries and Marine Service.1975.Additional aquatic resource
studies in the Aisminik system relative to hydroelectric development.
Environment Canada.Fisheries and Marine Service,NBCY Division,
PAC/T-75-4.Northern Operations Branch,Pacific Region.7 charts.
Canfield.W.1968.Method for counting coho fry in ~mall streams.J.
of Fish.Res.Board of Can.Vol.25 (3).March.pg.823.
Chambers,John.1963.McNary spawning channel:Resume of the five years
study,1957~1962,first draft.State of Washington,Dept.of Fisheries,
Research Div.May.66 pp.
Chambers,John S.,T.K.Meekins,and J.H.Harris.1964.Research relating.
to McNary supplemental spawning channel.Annual report.(July 1,1963
through June 10,1964).State of Washington,Dept.of Fisheries,
Research Div.38 pp +appendix.
-75-
Clay,C.H.1955.
Vol.6(101.
Downstream fish migration oyer dams.
Oct.pp.15-18.
B. C.Prof.Engr.
.....
--
Clemens,W.A.1958.The Fraser River salmon in relation to potential
power development.H.R.I<1ad1illan Lectures in Fisheries:The Investi-
gation of Fish-Power-Problems.Edited by P.A-.-Larkin,Institute of
Fisheries,University of British Columbia,Vancouver.pp.3-10.
Cobb,J.N.1925.An experiment in lifting salmon over high dams.
Journal of·Electricity,Vol.54(lJ.Jan.pp.50-53.
CollingS'\>M.\R.1974..Generalizations of spawning and rearing discharges
for several Pacific salmon species in western Washington.USGS in
cooperation with the State of Washington.Dept.of Fisheries.Open
file report.Tacoma,Washington.39 pp.
Collings,M.R.,R.W.Smith and G.T.Higgins.1972.Hydrology of four
streams in western Washington as related to several Pacific salmon
species:lhnnptulis.Elochoman,Green and Wynochee rivers.U.S.Dept.
of the Interior,Geological Survey.Prepared in cooperation with the
State of Washington,Dept.of Fisheries,Tacoma,Washington.128 pp ..
Collins,Gerald B.1952.Factors influencing the orientation of migrating
anadromous fishes.U.S.Fish and Wildlife Fishery Bull.Vol.52 (73)
No.585.Woodshole Oceanographic Contribution Institution.U.S.
Gov't.Printing Office.Washington,D.C.pp.374-396.
1954.Research on anadrom~us fish passage at dams.
U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service,Seattle,Washington.Reprinted from
Transactions of the Nineteenth North American Wildlife Conference,
March 8,9,l~1954.Wildlife Management Institute,Washington,D.C.
March.pp 418-423..
1956.Research on fishway problems.U.S.Fish and
Wildlife Service.Nov.pp.118-125.[xerox copy of a section of U.S.
Army Corps of 'Engineers repo~t].
1958.The measurement of performance of salmon in
fishways.H.R.MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries:The Investigation of
Fish-Power Problems.Edited by P.A.Larkl~-rn-st{tut-c-Of-~Fisrlerles,-~
Univ.of Britishtolumbia,Vancouver.pp.85-91.
1963.Fish passage research.Reprinted from American
Zoologist.Vol.3(3).August.1 pp.
No date.New methods for study of fishery problems.
U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.·Seattlen,Washington.7 pp.
{personal copy,original].
-76-
. ..Y'"
''"-
No date.The measurement of performance of salmon
in fishways.U.S.Fish &Wildlife Service.Seattle,Wn.pp.85-91.
Collins.Gerald B.and C.H.Elling.1960.Fishway research at the
fisheries-engineering research laboratory.U.S.Dept.of the Interior.
Fish &Wildlife Service,Bur.of Commercial Fisheries.Circular 98,
Nov.17 pp.
Collins.Gerald B.,J.R.Gauley,and C.H.Elling.1962.Ability of salmonids
to ascend high fishways.Trans.Am.Fish.Soc.Vol.91(1)Jan.
pp 1-7.
Collins,Gerald B.,et ale 1975.The Snake River salmon and steelhead
crisis,its relation to dams and the national energy crisis.North-
west Fisheries Center.National Marine Fisheries Service,Seattle,WA.
Feb.30 pp.
Collins.Gerald B.•P.S.Trefethen,and C.D.Volz.1975.Factors affecting
electrotaxis in salmon fingerlings.Processed Report.Prepared by
Northwest Fisheries Center.Natl.Marine Fisheries Service,Seattle,
WA.June.45 pp.
Conroy.Fay.1976.Desirable stream flows for salmon spawning and rearing.
Personal conununication.Washington Dept.of Fisheries.Olympia,\'lA ..
Feb.10.2 pp.
Cooper,A.C.1973.
McKinley Creek
Pacific Salmon
34 pp.
Temperature control during sockeye spawning period in
in 1969.Part I.Progress Report No.27.International
Fisheries Commission.New Westminster,B.C .•Canada.
.....
Cooper.A.l.1965.The effect of transported stream sediments on the
survival of sockeye and pink salmon eggs and alevin.Inter.Pac.
Salmon Fish.Comm.,Bull.XVIII.New Westminster,B.C.,Canada.71 pp.
Cooper,Edwin L.JEd.).1967.A symposium on water quality c~iteria to
protect aquatic life.Presented at the 96th annual meeting,Kansas
City.Missouri,Sept.1966.Am.Fish.Soc.Special Publication No.4.
Supplement to Vol.96(1).Trans.Am.Fish.Soc.37 pp.
Curtis,Brian.1959.Changes in a river's physical characteristics under
substantial reduction in flow due to hydroelectric diversion.Calif.
Fish and Game.Vol.45(3).pp.181-188.
Davidson.Robert C.•et.ale 1959.Experiments on the dissolved oxygen
requirements of cold-water fishes.Sewage and Industrial Wastes.
Vol.31(8).Aug.pp.950-966.
Dawley.Earl and W.J.Ebel.1975.Effects of various concentrations of
dissolved atmospheric gas of juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead
trout.NOM,National Marine Fisheries Service.Northwest Fisheries·
Center.Seattle.WA.Jan.18 pp.
-77-
Dawley.Earl.et al.1975.Salmon bioassay of supersaturation of dissolved
gas in water.NOAA.Nat1.Marine Fisheries Service.Northwest
Fisheri'es Center,.Seattle.WA.March.37 pp.
Dawley.Earl,et al.1975.Studies on effects of supersaturation of
dissolved gases on fish.NOAA.Natl.Marine Fisheries Service.
Northwest Fisheries Center,Seattle.WA.Sept.85 pp.
Day,Duane.E.1966.Population stratification and homing behavior in
juvenile coho salmon.Washington Dept.of Fisheries.Fisheries
Research Papers.Vol.2(4).Dec.pp.75-79.
Dean.E.L.1975.Churchill River Study (Missinipe Probe);aquatic ecology
and fisheries in Reindeer Lake.Final report No.10.Saskatchewan
Fisheries Laboratory.Dept.of Tourism and Renewable Resources.
Saskatchewan.Edited by Judith Mitchell.Produced by J.S.Wilson.
181 pp.
Dickson.I.W.1975.Hydroelectric development of the Nelson River system
in northern Manitoba.~.Fish.Res.Board Can.Vol.32(1)Jan.
pp 106-116.
.....Dill and Northcote.1970.
density on intragravel
(oncorhynchus kisutch)
July.pp.11~1-l199.
Effects of gravel size,egg depth.and egg
movement and emergence of coho salmon
alevins.~.Fish.Res.Board Can.Vol.27(7)
Dominy.C.L.1973.Recent changes in Atlantic salmon runs in the light
of environmental changes in the Saint John River.BioI.Conserv .•
New Brunswick,Can.Vol.5(2).pp.105-113.
Dooley.John M.1975.Application of U.S.Bureau of Reclamation water.
surface profile program (WSP)Proceedings of the Fort UnionCoal
Symposium.Vol.2.Aquatic ecosystems section.Sponsored by the
Montana Academy of Sciences at Eastern Montana College,Billings •.
Montana.April.pp.138-154.
Doyle.Pa~l F.and J.M.Childers.1975.Channel erosion surveys along
the TAPS route.Alaska,1975.U.S.Dept.of the Interior.Geological
Survey.Open-file report (Basic data),Anchorage.Alas·ka.95 pp.
Duncan,Richard N.and LJ.Donaldson.1968.Tatoo-marking of fingerling
sa1rnonids with fluorescent pigments.J.Fish.Res.Board Can.
Vol.25(10).Oct.pp.2233-2236.
Dutmie.H.C.and M.L.Ostrofsky.J.L.1975.Environrnentalimpact of the
Churchill Falls (Labrador)hydroelectric project.A preliminary
assessment.!!..Fish.Res.Board Can.Vol.32(1).Jan.pp.117'-125 ..
-78-
-
Ebel,Wesley J.1969.Supersaturation of nitrogen in the Columbia River
and its effect on salmon and steelhead trout.U.S.Fish &Wildlife
Service.Fish Bull.68.pp.1-11.
1970.Effect of release location on survival of
juvenile fall chinook salmon,Onchorynchus tshawytscha.Reprinted from
Trans.Am.Fish.Soc.,Vol.99(4).Oct.pp.672-676.
1971.Dissolved nitrogen concentrations in the Columbia
and Snake rivers in 1970 and their effect on chinook salmon and steel-
head trout.NOM Technical Report.N1>IFS SSRF-646.National Marine
Fish~ries Service,Seattle,WA.August.7 pp.
1974.Marking fishes and invertebrates III.Coded
wire tags useful in automatic recovery of chinook salmon and steelhead
trout.MFR Paper 1069.Marine Fisheries Review.Vol.36(7)~
pp.10-13.
No date ..Relations between fish behavior,bioassay
information and dissolved gas concentrations on survival of juvenile
salmon and steelhead trout in Snake River.(Source unknown).
pp.516-527.
No date.Standards for total dissolved gases (nitrogen).
Northwest Fisheries Center,Seattle,WA.8 pp.
Ebel,WeSley J.,E.M.Dawley,and n.M.Monk ..1971.Thermal tolerance of
juvenile Pacific salmon and steelhead trout in relation to super-
saturation of nitrogen gas.U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service Fishery
Bull.,Vol.69(4).June.pp.833-843..-
Ebel,Wesley J.and C.H.Koski.1968.Physical and chemical limnology of
Brownlee Reservoir,1962-64.U.Q.Fish and Wildlife Fishery Bull.
Vol.67(2).Dec.pp.295-335~
Ebel,Wesley,R.W.Kroma,and H.L.Raymond.1973.Evaluation of fish
protective facilities at Litt~e Goose Dam and review of other studies
relat:i.ng to protection of juvenile salmonids in theCo1urnbia and Snake
rivers,1973.NOAA.National Marine Fisheries Service,Northwest
Fisheries Center,Division of Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies,
Seattle,WA.53 pp.
Ebel,Wesley J.,S.L.Park,and R.C.Johnsen.1973.Effects of transpor-
tation on survival and homing of Snake River chinook salmon and steel-
head trout.U.S.Fish and Wildlife Fishery Bull.Vol.71 (2).
pp.549-563.
Ebel,Wesley J.,et al.1971.Progress report on fish protective facilities
at Little Goose Dam and summaries of other studies relating to the
various measures taken by the Corps of Engineers to reduce losses of.
salmon and stcelhead in the Columbia and Snake rivers.NOM.Nat'I.
Marine Fisheries Service,North Pacific Fisheries Research Center,
Seattle,WA.Sept.58 pp.
-79-
i
!
-
Ebel,Wesley J.,et a1.1975.Effect of atmospheric gas supersaturation
caused by dams on salmon and steelhead trout of the Snake and Columbia
rivers..NOM.National l-tarine fisheries Service,Northwest Fisheries
Center '(processed).Jan.111 pp.
Efford,I.E.1975.Assessment of the impact of hydrodams.J.Fish.Res.
·Board Can.Vol.32 (1).Jan.pp.196-209.
Falconer,Derek D.1964.Practical trout transport techniques.The
Progressive Fish-Culturist.Vol.26(2).April.pp.51-58.
Farr,Winston E.1974.Traveling screens for turbine intakes of hydro-
electric dams.Reprinted from Proceedings of the SecondEntrainment
and Intake ·Screening Workshop.L.D.Jensen(Ed.)·.The Johns Hopkins
University Cooling Water Research Project.Report No.15.pp.199-203.
Parr,Winston E..and E.F.Prentice.1974.Mechanical operation of horizon-
tal traveling screen model VII.Reprinted from Proceedings of the
Second Entrainment and Intake Screening Workshop.L.D.Jensen (Ed.)
The John Hopkins University Cooling Water Research Project.Report No.
15.pp.215-222..
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.1976.Indices for
measuring responses of aquatic ecological systems to various human
influences.FAO.Fisheries Technical Paper No.15.A report of the
ACNMR/LABO working party on ecological indices of stress to fishery
resources.Rome.66 pp.
Franklin,Donald R.and L.L.Smith,Jr.1960.A unitized system of water
level and fish population control structures for spawning sloughs.
The Progressive Fish-Culturist.Vol.22(3).July.pp.138-190.
Fraser,J.C.No date.Regulated stream discharge for fish and other
aquatic resources.FIRI/Tl12.Senato Research Information Section,
Fishery Resources Division,FAO,00100,Rome,Italy.
Friese,Nancy Y.,et a1.1976.Southcentral railbelt area-Susitna River
Basin.Fish and Wildlife studies related to the Corps of Engineers
Devil Canyon-Natana Reservoir hydroelectric project.Alaska Dept.of
Fish and Game.Feb.168 pp.
Fry,F.E.S.1958.Approaches to the measurement of performance in fish.
H.R.MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries:The Investigation of Fish-Power
Problems.Edited by P.A.Larkin.Institute of Fisheries~University
of British Columbia,Vancouver.pp.93-97.
Geeri,G.H.1975.
Fraser River.
Ecological consequences of the proposed l·1oran Dam on the
!...Fish.~.Board Can.Vol.32(1).Jan.pp.126-135.·
-80-
-
Geen,G.H.and F.J.Andrew.1961.Limnologica1 changes in Seton Lake
resulting from hydroelectric diversions.Inter.Pac.Salmon Fish
Conun.'Progress Report No.8.New Westminster,BT 75 pp.
Gershon,Ku1in and P.R.Compton.1975.
for ,the',measurement of water flow.
for Basic Standards,Nat1.Bur.of
90 pp.
A guide to methods and standards
u.S.Dept.of Commerce.Institute
Standards,Washington,D.C.May.
Giger,Richard D.1973.Stream flow requirements of salmonids.
Aid job final report,Oregon Wildlife Commission.AFS-62.
Federal
120 pp.
Gordon,R.N.1965.Fisheries problems associated with hydroelectric
development.The Canadian Fish Culturist.Vol.35.Oct.pp.17-36.
Groves,Alan B.,and A.J.Novotny.1965.A thermal marking technique for
juvenile salmonids.Trans.Am.Fish.~.Vol.94(4).Oct.pp.386-389.
Gunsolus,Robert T.and G.J.Eicher.1970.Evaluation of fish passage
facilities at the North Fork project on the Clackamus River in Oregon.
A research project of the Fish Commission of Oregon,Oregon Game
Commission,U.S.Bur.of Comm.Fisheries,U.S.Bureau of Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife,and Portland General Electric Company.Sept.104 pp.
Haas,James B.1965.Fishery problems associated with Brownlee,Oxbow,
and Hells Canyon Dams on the Middle Snake River.Fish Commission of
Oregon.Portland Investigational Report No.4.pp.84-95.
Haddix,M.H.and C,C.Estes.1976.Lower Yellowstone River Study Final
Report.Research conducted by the Montana Dept.of Fish and Game -
Environment and Information Division.Sponsored by the U.S.Dept.
of the Interior -Bureau of Reclamation.Oct.86 pp.
Hamilton,J.A.R.and F.J.Andrew.1954.An investigation of the .effect
of Baker Dam on downstream migrant salmon.Intern.Pac.SalmonFish.
Comm.,Bull.VI.New Westminster,B.C.73 pp.
frnmi1ton,aoy.1974.Water requirements for the fisheries resource of the
Deadman River.Internal Report Series No.PAC/1-74-l.Habitat7
Protection Uhit.Southern Operations Branch,Dept.of the Environment,
Fisheries and Marine Service,Pacific Region,Vancouver,B.C.,Can ..
Feb.14 pp.+Figs.
Harry,A.1917.The fishways in the dams and waterworks in Switzerland.
Swiss Wasserwirtschafts-Verhandes No.5 Verlag Rascher V.Co.,Zurich
and Leipzig (translated from the German by W.M.Chapman).79 pp.
Harvey,H.H.and A.C.Cooper.1962.Origin:and treatment of a super
saturated river water.Intern.Pac.Salmon Fish.Comm.Progress
Report No.9.New Westminster,B.C.,Can.19 pp.----
-81-
.....
I
....
....
-
-:
-
-
-
Becky.R.E.1975.Churchill River study (Missinipc Probe):sediments in
Sokatisewin and Reindeer lakes.Final Report No.12.Saskatchewan
Fisheries Laboratory.Dept.of Tourism and Renewable Resources.
Saskatoon,Saskatchewan.Edited by Judith Mitchell.Produced by
J.S.Wilson.56 pp.
Hent,John D.1970.Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics
of natural water.Second Ed.Geological survey water supply paper
1473.U.S.Govt.Printing Office,WA.363 pp.
Hoar,William S.1951.The behavior of chum,pink,and coho salmon in
relation to their seaward migration.~.Fish.Res.Board of Can.
Vol.8(4).Oct.pp.241-243.
1958.'The analysis o'f behavior of fish.H.R.MacMillan
Lectures in Fisheries:The Investigation of Fish-Power Problems .
Edited by-r.A.Larkin.Instjtutc of Fisheries,Univ.of British
Columbia,Vancouver.pp.'99-11].
Holmes,fmrlon B.and M.C.Bell.1960.A study of the upstream passage
of anadromous fish at Willamette Falls,with recommendations for
improvements in fish-passage facilities.Final Report (unpublished)
to Oregon Fish Commission,Portland.Jan.126 pp.+Figs .
Hooper,Douglas R.1973.Evaluation of the effects of flows on trout
stream ecology.Dept.of Engineering Research,Pacific Gas and
Electric Comp~ny.Emeryville,CA.Jan.97 pp.
Hourston,W.R.1958.Power development and anadromous fish in British
Columbia.H.R.MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries:The Investigation
of Fish-Power Problems.Edited by P.A.Larkin.Institute of
Fisheries,Univ.of British Columbia,Vancouver.pp.15-24.
Huang,P.M.and W.K.Liaw.1975.Churchill River Study (Missinipe probe)
sediments in Drinking Lake.Final report No.IS.Saskatchewan
Fisheries Laboratory.Dept.of Tourism and Renewable Resources.
Saskatoon,Saskatchewan.Edited by Judith Mitchell.Produced by
J.S.Wilson.20 pp.
Huber,E.E.Fish protection at intake structures and dams:Guidance
screens and collection devices.ORNL EIS-74-67.Bibliography.Oak
Ridge National Laboratory,Oak Ridge,Tennessee.·37830.Microfiche
copy.
Huston,Joe E.1974.Revision of 1965 fishery analysis,Libby Dam project,
Kootenai River,Montana.Montana Dept.of Fish &Game.April 4.
34 pp.
Institution of Civil Engineers.Institution Research Committee,1942.
Report of the committee on fish-passes.William Clowes and Sons,
Ltd.,London.59 pp.
-82-
.~
-
.---'
Irving,R.B.and P.Cuplin.1956.The effect of hydroelectric develop-
ments on the fishery resources of the Snake River.Idaho Dept.of
Fish and Game.Final report on project f-8-R,p.29.167 pp.
Issac,Dennis L.1973.Rearing juvenile spring chinook salmon in large
reservoirs.Fish Commission of Oregon.Annual Report.July 1,1972-
June 30,1973.NOAA.Natl.Marine Fisheries Service.July.8 pp.
1974.'Rearing juvenile spring chinook salmon in large
reservoirs.Fish Comm.of Oregon.Annual Report.July 1,1973-
June 30,1974.NOAA.Natl.Marine Fisheries Service.July.5 pp.
1975.Rearing juvenile spring chinook salmon in large
reservoirs.Fish Con~ission of Oregon.Annual Report,July 1,1974-
June 30,1975.NOAA.Natl.Marine Fisheries Service.JUly.4 pp .
Janke,P.1976.Notes-survey of sloughs and tributaries to Susitna
River made June 23-26 with Jim Riis,research biologist,Sport Fish
Division,Alaska Dept.of Fish &Game.Engineering Section,Anchorage.
June 29.14 pp.(unpublished).
Jeltes,R.1974.Prompt detection and tracing of oils and other detri-
mental chemicals in the environment.Water Research.Vol.8.
pp.977-987.
Johnsen,Richard C.and E.M.Dawley.1974.'The effect of spillway flow
deflectors at Bonneville DAm on total gas supersaturation and survival
of juvenile salmon.Final Report.NOAA.Natl.Marine Fisheries
Service.Northwest Fisheries Center.Coastal Zone and Estuarine
Studies Division,Seat'tle,WA.Dec.18 pp.
Junge,Charles O.No date.The effect of superimposed mortalities on
reproduction curves.No other references available.Probably
research briefs.Oregon Fish Commission.8 pp.
River dams.
1968.Fish passage problems at Columbia
Fish Comm.of Oregon.Portland.Nov.18.
---=---=-.oo;;---=-'and A.L.Oakley.1966.Trends in production rates for
Upper Columbia River runs of salmon and,steelhead and possible effects'
of changes in turbidity.Oregon Fish Comm.Research Briefs .
.Vol.12(1).April.pp.22-43.
Kaill.Michael W.1976.Trip report instream flow needs AFS/ASCE ..
May 3-6.Boise,Idaho (unpublished).
Katz,Max,et al.1968.Effects of pollution on fish life.Water
Pollution Control Federation Journal ..Vol.40(6).June.pp.1007-1033.
Kipper,Z.M.and I.Mileiko.1967.Fishways in hydro-developments of the
USSR.Rybnae Khozijaistno.~~scow.pp,24-37,46-53.Translated by
A.Wald Israel.Program for scientific translations.Ltd.U.S.Dept.
of Commerce.Clearinhouse for federal scientific and technical
information.Springfield,VA.
-83-
"'."-:~,'.~.'......·'r..."..,
Korn,Lawrence.1972.Th.e feasibility of rearing sockeye salmon in
reservoirs.Fish Commission of Oregon.Management and Research
Div.Summary Report.Sept.5 pp.
.-
Langbein,Walter B.and L.B.Leopold.
channel morphology.Am.J.~.
1964.Quasi-equilibrium states irt
Vol.262(6).June.pp.782-794,
......
,
,
.....
-'-
Lawrence,J .R.1975.Churchill River study (Missinipe probe):primary
production in Churchill and Reindeer River lakes.Final Report No.
13.Saskatchewan Fisheries Laboratory.Dept.of Tourism and Renewable
Resources.Saskatoon,Saskatchewan.Edited by Judith Mitchell.
Produced by J.S.Wilson.20 pp.
Leopold,Luna B.and T.Maddock,Jr.1959.The hydraulic geometry of
stream channels and some physiographic implications.U.S.Geological
Survey.Professional Paper 252.Washington,D.C.1953.Reprinted
1959.57pp.
Liaw,W.K.and O'Connor,J.F.1975.Churchill River study (Missinipe
probe):impact on five Churchill River lakes.Final Report 8.
Saskatchewan Fisheries Laboratory.Dept.of Tourism and Renewable
Resources.Saskatoon,Saskatchewan.Edited by Judith Mitchell.'
Produced by J.5.Wilson.198 pp.
Liscom,Kenneth L.1971.Orifice placement in gatewells of turbine intakes
for bypassing juvenile fish around dams.Reprinted from Trans.Am.
Fish.Soc.,Vol.100(2).April.pp.319-324.
1973.Sonic tags in sockeye salmon,Onchorynchus
nerka,give travel time through metropolitan waters.MFR Paper 1007.
Marine Fisheries Review.Vol.35(9).pp.38-41.
Lister and Walker.1966..The effect of flow control on freshwater survival
of churn,coho,and chinook salmon in the Big Qualicum River.Can.
Fish Culturist No.37.August.pp.3-25.
Logging and Fish Habitat.1976.USDA Forest Service,Alaska Dept.of Fish
and Gpme,Alaska Dept.of Natural Resources.GPO 699-882.21 pp.
MacKinnon,Dixon and l~.S.Hoar.1953.Responses of coho and chum salmon
fry to current.~.Fish.Res.Board,Can.Vol.10(8).pp.523-538.
Major,Richard L.and J.L.Mighell.1969.Egg-to-migrant survival of
spring chinook salmon,Oncorhynchus tsha~tscha,in the Yakima River,
Washington,U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Fishery Bull.Vol.67(2).
pp.347-359..
1967.Influence of Rock-Reach Dam and the tempeature .
of the Okanogan River on the upstream migration of sockeye salmon.
U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Fishery Bull.Vol.66(1).Jan.pp.131 ...147.
-84-
i.
I
I
I
i
:,
!Major,Richard L.and G.J.Paulik.1972.Effect of encroachment of
Wanapurn Dmn Reservoir on fish passage oYer Rock Island Dam,Columbia
River.U.S.Fish and Wildlife SerYice.Fishery Bull.Vol.70(1).
pp.125-140.
Marcuson,Pat.1968.Stream sediment investigation.1>lontana Fish and
Fame Dept.,Fisheries Division.South Central Montana Fishery.
F20-R-13.Job No.III.Helena,Mr.Unpublished.Oct.1 through
Sept.30.10 pp.
May,Bruce.1975.The mitigation myth-the real impact of Libby Darn on
Fisheries has finally surfaced.Montana Outdoors.Nov./Dec.
pp.7-10.
1975.Temperature data from Kootenai River.Office
memorandum.State of Montana.Dept.of Fish and Game.Helena.Mt.
Dec.3.2 pp.
McCluney,W.R.1975.Radiometry of water turbidity measurements.J.
Wat.Poll.Cont.Fed.Vol.47(2).Feb.pp.252-265.
McCoy.George A.1974.Prcconstruction assessment of biological quality
of the Chena and Little Chena Lakes flood control project near
Fairbanks.AK.USGS Water Resources Investigations 29-74.84 pp.
r
McGrath,C.J.
Ireland.
1956.Inland fisheries and the engineer.
Vol.82.pp.51-79.
Trans.Inst.
Merriman.Daniel and L.M.Thorpe.1976.The Connecticut River ecological
study:the impact of a nuclear powerplatlt.Am.Fish.Soc.Mono.
No.1.Washington.D.,C.252 pp.
Monan.Gerald E.and J.H.Johnson.1974.Distribution of 1965 fall
chinook salmon between the Dalles and McNary Dams.as determined by
sonic tagging.Final report.Financed by U.S.Army Corps of Engineers.
Walla Walla District and Northwest Fisheries Center.National Marine
Fisheries Service.Division of Coastal Zone and Estuarine studies.
Seattle,WA.Sept.11 pp.
Manan.Gerald E.,J.B.Johnson.and G.F.Esterbcrg.1975.Electronic tags
and related trad,+TIg techniques aid in study of migrating salmon and
steelhead trout in the Columbia River Basin.MFR Paper 1121.'Marine
Fisheries Review.Vol.37(2).Feb.pp.9-15.
Monan,Gerald E.and K.L.Liscom.1973.Radio tracking of adult spring
chinook salmon below Bonneville and the Dalles dams,1972.Final
report.Financed by U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Portaldn District
and NOM.National Marine Fisheries Service,Northwest Fisheries
Center,Division of Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies,Seattle.WA.
Peb.37 pp.
-85-
1974.Radio tracking of spring chinook salmon to
determine effect of spillway deflectors on passage at Lower Monumental
Darn,1973.Final report.Financed by U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,
Portland District and Northwest Fisheries Center.Natl.Marine .Fisheries
Service.Division of Coastal Zone and Esturine Studies,Seattle,WA.
Jan.20 pp.
1974.Radio tracking studies of fall chinook salmon
to determine effect of peaking on passage at Bonneville Dam,1973.
Final report.Financed by U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Portland
District and Northwest Fisheries Center.Natl.Marine Fisheries
Service.Division of Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies,Seattle,
WA.June.28 pp.
1975.Radio tracking studies to determine the effect
of spillway deflectors and fallback On adult chinook salmon and steel-
head trout at Bonneville Darn,1974.Final report.Financed by U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers,Portland District and Northwest Fisheries
Center.Natl.Marine Fisheries Service.Coastal Zone and Estuarine
Studies Division,Seattle,WA.Feb.38 PRo
Monan,Gerald E.,K.L.Liscom,and J.R.Smith.1970.Sonic tracking of
adultsteelhead in Ice Harbor Reservoir,1969.Final report.Bureau
of Conuncrcia1 r~isheries,Biological Laboratory.Seattle,WA.Feb.
13 pp.
Monk,Bruce fl.,E.Dawley,and K.Beiningen.1975.Concentration of
dissolved gases in the Willamette,Cowlitz and Boise rivers,1970-72.
National Marine Fisheries Data Report 102.Natl.Marine Fisheries
Service.Seattle,WA.June.19 pp.
Neave,F.1958.Stream ecology and production of anadromous fish.H.R;
MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries:The Investigation of Fish-Power -
Problems.Edited by-P.A,Larkin,Institute of Fisheries,Univ.of
British Columbia,Vancouver.pp.43-48.
Needham,P.R.1949.Dam construction in relation to fishery protection
problpms in the Pacific Northwest.North American Wildlife Conference.
4th Transaction.pp.276-282.
Nemcnyi,Paul.1941.An annotated bibliography of fishways:covering also
related aspects of fish migration,fish protection,and waterutiliza-
tion.Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa State Conservation Comm.,
No.389.Studies in Engineering,Bull.23.The State Univ.of Iowa,
Iowa City.64 pp.
.'
....,Newcomb,T.W.1974.Changes in blood chemistry
trout,Salmo gairdneri,following sublethal
supersaturation.J.Fish.Res.Board Can.
pp.1953-1957.
of juvenile steelhead
exposure to nitrogen
Vol.31 (12)•
Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission~.1974.Anatomy of a river:An
evaluation of water requirements for the Hell's Canyon reach of the
Middle Snake River';conducted March,1973 •.,Vancouver,JUly.202 pp.
-86-
....
....
Park,Donn L.and Ebel,W.J.1974.Marking fishes and invertebrates.II.
Brand size and configuration in relation to long term retention on
steelhead trout and chinook salmon.MFR Paper lQ68.From Marine
Fisheries Review.Vol.36(7).July.pp.7-9.
Pata1as,K.and A.SaIki.1975.Churchi~l River study Glissinpe probe),
crustacean plankton in Reindeer Lake.Final report 11.Saskatchewan
Fisheries Laboratory,Dept.of Tourism and Renewable Resources,
Saskatoon,Saskatchewan.Edited by Judith Mitchell.Produced by
J.S.Wilson.76 pp.
Phinney,Lloyd A.1973.Western Washington power dam review.State of
Washington.Dept.of Fisheries,Management and Research Div.Jan.
55 pp.(1971 Progress Report).
1974.Report on the 1972 study of the effect of river
flow fluctuations below Merwin Dam on do\vnstream migrant salmon.
State of Washington,Dept.of Fisheries,Management and Research Div.
FPC Report,Project No.935,Feb.23 pp (Supplemental Progress Report-
Power Dam Studies).
Prentice,Earl F.and F.J.Ossiander.1974.Fish diversion systems and
biological investigation of horizontal traveling screen Model VII .
Proceedings ofthe SecondEntrainment and Intake Screening Workshop.
L.D.Jensen (Ed.).The Johns Hopkins Dniv.,Cooling Water Research
Project,Report No.IS.pp.205-219.
Pretious,E.S.,L.R.Kersey,and G.P.Contractor.1957.Fish protection
and pO\'ler development of the Fraser River.The Fraser River Hydro and
Fisheries Research Project,Univ.of British Columbia,Vancouver,Can.
~eb.65 pp,+appendices.
t
I
I
i
Raleigh,Robert F.and W.J.Ebel.No date.
on migrations of anadromous salmonids.
Resources Symposium.pp.415-443.
Effect of Bro\'lTIlee Reservoir
Reprint from Reservoir Fishery
-
""'"i
I
-
Raymond,Howard L.1968.Migration rates of yearling chinook salmon in
relativn to flows and impoundments in the Columbia and Snake rivers.
Trans.Am.Fish.Soc.Vol.97(4).Oct.pp.356-359.
1974.Snake River runs of salmon and steelhead trout
trends in abundance of adults and downstream survival of juveniles.
Processed Report.Northwest Fisheries Center,Nat1.Marine Fisheries
Service,Seattle,WA.Nov.6 pp.&Figs.
Rawson,D.S.1958.Indices to lake productivity and their significance in
predicting conditions of reservoirs and lakes with disturbed water
levels.H.R.MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries:The Investigation of
Fish-Power Problems.Edited by P.A:Larkin.Institute of FisherieS;
Vniv.of British Columbia,Vancouver,Can.pp.27-42.
-87-
IF'"
.i
.....
.....
-
Reed,Edward B.1962.Limnology and fisheries of the Saskatchewan River
in Saskatchewan.Fisheries Report No.6.Fisheries Branch,Dcpt.of
Nat.Resources,Province of Saskatchewan.48 pp.
Rucker,Robert R.No date.Gas-bubble disease:Mortalities of coho
salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutch,in water with constant total gas pressure
and different oxygen-nitrogen ratios.U.S.Fish and l'v'ildlife"Service
Fishery Bulletin.Vol.73(4).pp.915~9l8.--------
Ruggles,C.P.and W.O.Watt.1975.Ecological changes due to hydroelectric
development on the Saint John River.~'Fish.Res.Board of Can.
Vol.32(1),.Jan.pp.161-170."
Sawchyn,W.W.1975.Churchill River study (Missinipe probe);impact on
the Reindeer River and four Churchill River lakes.Final Report No.
9.Saskatchewan Fisheries Laboratory,Dept.of Tourism and Renewable
Resources,Saskatoon,Saskatchewan.Edited by Judith Mitchell.
Produced by J.S.Wilson.260 pp.
Schiewe,Michael fl.1974.Influence of dissolved atmospheric gas on
swimming performance of juvenile chinook salmon.Reprinted from
"Trans.Am.Fish.Soc.Vol.103(4).Oct.pp.717-721.
Schoneman,Dale E.and C.O.Junge,Jr.1954.Investigations of mortalities
to downstream migrant salmon at two dams on the Elwha River.Washington
State,Dept.of Fisheries.Research Bull.No.3.April.51 pp.
Sheridan,William L.1962.Relation of stream temperatures to timing of
pink salmon escapements in southeast Alaska.~'~'MacMillan Lectures
in Fisheries -Symposium on Pink Salmon.Univ.of British Columbia,
Vancouver.pp.87-102.
Siebert,J.and T.J.Brown.1975.Characteristics and potential signifi-
cance of heterotrophic activity in a polluted fjord estuary.J.
Expcr.Mar.Bio.Ecology.Vol.19.Pl'.97-104 .
Sims,Carl W.1970.Emigration of juvenile salmon and trout from Bro\mlee
Reservoir,1963-65.U.S.Fish andrVildlife Service Fishery Bull.
Vol.68(2).U.S.Govt.Printing Office.April.pp.245-259.
Slaney,F.F.and Co.,Ltd.1973.Minimum flow requirements Alouette
River.For Fisheries and Marine Services,Southern Operations Branch,"
Dept.of the Environment,Vancouver,British Columbia.August.38 Pl'.
Smith,Jim Ross.1974.Distribution of seaward migrating chinook salmon
and steelhead trout in the Snake River above Lower Monumental Dam.
MFR Paper 1081.Marine Fisheries Review.Vol.36(8).August.Pl'.42-45.
Smith,Jim R.and N.J.Ebel.1973.Aircraft refueling trailer modified
to haul salmon and trout.MFR Paper 1000.Marine Fisheries Review.
Vol.35(8).pp.37-40.
-88-
-
-
',-
Smith~Jim Ross and W.E.Farr.1975.Bypass andc011ection system for
protection of juvenile salmon and trout at Little Goose Dam.MFR
Paper 1125.Marine Fisheries Review.Vol.37(2).Feb.pp.31-35.
Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin.1940.,Darns and the problem of migratory
fishes.Special symposium issue.Natural History Museum~Stanford
Univ.~CA.Vol.1(6).May 3.pp.173-215.
Stalnaker,C.B.and J.L.Arnett.1976.Methodologies for the determination
of stream resource flow requirements:an assessment.U.S.Fish and
Wildlife Service.Office of Bio.Services,Western Water Allocation,
Utah State Univ.~Logan,UT.199 pp.
Thompson,K.E.1972.Determining stream flows for fish life.Flow
Requirement Workshop:Proceedings,Instream Flow RequirementwOrkshop.
Pacific Northwest River Basins Commission,Portland~OR.pp.31-50.
1974.Methodology for determining instream flow
requ~rements of salmonids in Hells Canyon,Snake River.In:Anatomy of
A River.Hells Canyon Controlled Flow Task Force,Pacific Northwest
River Basins Commission,Vancouver,WA.pp.91-103.
Townsend,G.H.1975.Impact of the Bennett Dam on the Peace-Athabasca
Delta.J.Fish.Res.Board of Can.Vol.32(1).Jan.pp.171-176.
Trefethen,Parker S.1968.Passage of migrant fish at darns.In:Fish
Passage Research,Review of Progress,1961-1966.U.S.Bureau of
Commercial Fisheries,Circular No.254.Seattle~\VA.Oct.pp.3-5 ~.10-14.
Trefethen,Parker S.and W.J.Ebel.1973.Collection and transportation
system of juvenile salmonids evaluated at Little Goose Dam.MFR Paper,
No.999.Marine FisheriesReview.Vol.35(8).pp.33-36.
Tsvetkov,V.I.,D.S.Pavlov,and V.K.Nezdoli¥.1972.·Changes of hydro-
static pressure lethal to the young of some freshwater fish.Am.
Fish.Soc.in cooperation with Scripta Publishing Co.~J.Icthy.
Vol.12(2).pp.397-318.-
U.S.Army Corps of Engineers.1960.Research on fishway problems.
of Commercial Fisheries~U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.July.
Bur.
pp.'76-90.
.-
Alaska District.1975.Southcentral railbelt area,
Alaska.Upper Susitna River Basin,draft environmental impact statement.
Anchorage,AK.Sept.96 pp.
1975.Southcentral Railbe1t area,Alaska.Draft.
Interim feasibility Report.Hydroelectric power and related purpose
for the Upper Susitna River Basin.Sept.
1975.Hydroelectric power and related purposes.
Southcentral Railbe1t area,Alaska.Upper Susitna River Basin Interim
Feasibility report~the study and report.Dec.12.114 pp.
-89-
1975.Hydroelectric Power and Related Purposes.South-
central railbelt area,Alaska.Upper Susitna River Basin Interim
Feasibility Report,Appendix I,Part 1.Dec.12,6 Sect.N.P.
1975.Hydroelectric Power and Related Purposes.South-
central railbelt area,Alaska.Upper Susitna River Basin Interim
Feasibility Report,Appendix II.Dec.12.65 pp.
North Pacific Division.1960.Progress report on
fisheries -Engineering Research Program,Portland,OR.JUly.152 pp.
1966.Third progress report on fisheries engineering
resear~program.Portland,OR.March.124 pp.
,~-
Projects.
projects;
and Walla
1972.Annual Fish-Passage Report,Columbia River
Bonneville,John Day,the Dalles,McNary:Snake River
Ice Harbor,Lower Monumental,Little Goose.Portland,OR.
Walla,WA.16 pp.(115 tables and 27 plates).
r
i
-
--
1976.Fourth Progress report on fisheries engineering
research program,1966-1972.May.48 reports by contributing authors.
U.S.Dept.of the Interior.1969.Effects of placer mining on water
quality in Alaska.Federal Water Pollution Control Admin.Northwest
Region -Alaska Water Laboratory,College,AK.Feb.79 pp.
Van Loocke,R.,et al.1975.Soil and groundwater contamination by oil
spills;problems and remedies.Intern.J.Environ.Study.Vol.8.
pp.99-111.
Vemon,E.H.1958.An examination of factors affecting the abundance of
pink salmon in the Fraser River.Progress Report.Intern.Pac.Salmon
Fish.Cornm.,New Westminster,B.C.,Can.49 pp.
Walters,C.1975.An inter-disciplinary approach to development of water~
shed simulation models.!..Fish.Res.Board,Can.Vol.32(1)."
Jan.pp.177-195.
Westley,Ronald E.1966.Lirnnological study of Merwin,Upper Baker, and
Lower Bnker re5ervoi.r~.Stun/nary report.State of I~ashington,Dept.
of Fisheries,Research Div.June.206 pp.
Wickett,W.P.1959.Effects of siltation on success of fish spawning.
Pacific Northwest Symposium on Water Pollution Research ~Proceedings.
5th -pp.16-22.U.S.Public Health Service,Water Supply and Water
Pollution Control Program.Portland,OR.March 23-24.
Willard,J.R.1975.Churchill River study (Missinipe probe);benthic
fauna in Sokatisewin Lake.Final Report 14.Saskatchewan Fisheries
Laboratory,Dept.of Tourism and Renewable Resources,Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan.Edited by Judith Mitchell.Produced by J.S.Wilson.
54 pp..
-90-
-
Williams,I.V.1969.Implication of water quality and salinity in the
survival of Fraser River sockeye smolts.Progress Report No.22.
Intern.Pac.Salmon Fish Corom.,New Westminster,B.C .•Can.46 Pl"
1973.Investigation of the prespawning mortality
of sockeye in Horsefly River and McKinley Creek in 1969.Progress
Report No.27 .•Part II.Inter.Pac.Salmon Fish Comm.,New West-
minster.B.C .•Can.42 1'1'-.------
-91-
...~k'---~~--~----'~;,t'_-·l_"'~_,"-,;]~__