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Susitna Hydro Project External Review Board Meeting 1982
' " ' -;--<\ J ' d '·.A I , ' l ' I ) fffi£~~£ c @liD&®©© Susltna Joint Venture Document Number Please Return To DOCUMENT CONTROL I 'ill. HAr;~_l\.,EBASCO $n'7't '? . ~oint Venture Document tJumber Pl~~se Return To ~~f!t"}~~iE~~T CONTROL SUS ITNA. HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT EXTERN1~L REV I 1:W BOARD f~EETING NOVEMBER 18-19) 1982 Acres American Incorporated 1000 Liberty Bank Building Main at Court Buffalo; New York 14202 Telephone (716) 853-7525 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •• I I I SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT EXTERNAL REVIEW BOARD MEETING NOVEMBER 18-19) 1982 ACRES AMERICAN INCORPORATED 1000 Liberty Bank Building Main at Court Buffalo, New York 14202 Telephone (716) 853-7525 I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I .. Q Attendance: Time & Locati·on: 09:00 09:10 09:20 09:40 10:15 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 i: 00 1:20 1:45 2:15 3:00 3:3G PROPOSED AGENDA SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT EXTERNAL REVIEW BOARD Dr. Ralph Peck Dr. Andrew Merritt Dr. Harry Seed 18-19 November., 1982 Anchorage APA -Introduction Acres -Introduction Scope of Summer Program Geology of Watana Relict Channel Coffee Break . Material Properties of Watana Relict Channel Borrow Area D Fog Lakes Relict Channel Lunch · Dams i te Geo 1 ogy , Upstream & Downstream Porta 1 s Scope of Winter/Summer Programs Rockfill Concrete faced Dam Discussion Wrap-up Summary of Board's Ccrnments D. Wozniak c. Debelius s. Thompson s. Thompson D. W. Lamb D. W. Lamb s. Thompson s .. Thompson s. Thompson, s. Thompson D. W. Lamb ~~ '_ ~1 i1 ~ ' :l i J J j i ' j ,, l R 1 ~~ I ll , •. ·~ I. 1: I, 1.' ·I, I. 1 .. H. I. fl H 'llJ '' -SCOPE SUMMER PROGRAM I I I I .I I I I I I I I I I I I •• I I DAMSITE OBJECTIVE OF 82 SUMMER PROGRM~ WATANA RELICT CHANNEL BORROW AREA D FOG LAKES RELICT CHANNEL I •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I DAMSITE EXTENDED GEO LOG I C ~1APP I NG CONFI~l & REFINE GEOLOGIC INTERPRETATION DETERMINE ROCK CONDITIONS & OVERBURDEN DEPTH BENEATH PROPOSED MAJOR CIVIL STRUCTURES • I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I BORROW AREA D DEFINE STRATIGRAPHY & EXTENT OF IDENTIFIED UNITS DEFINE GEOHYDROLOGY & PERMAFROST MATERIAL PROPERTIES i" ~ I I l J L.~ L, t, ~~J l~ 'i -GEOLOGY OF WATANA RELICT CHANNEL I I I I I' I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I "' WATANA RELICT CHANNEL DEFINE STRATIGRAPHY IN UPPER 200 FEET FURTHER DEFINE CHANNEL GEOMETRY DEFINE MATERIAL PROPERTIES DEFINE GEOHYDROLOGY DEFINE PERMAFROST CONDITIONS I I I I I I I I . I I I I I I I I I I I FOG LAKES RELICT CHANNEL -DEFiNE CHANNEL GEOMETRY I I I I I. I I I I I I I I -· I I I. I I SCOPE OF 82-SUMMER PROGRAM DRILLING -16 BOREHOLES IN BORROW AREA D/RELICT CHANNEL SEIS~1IC REFRACTION SURVEY -22.,000 LF-DAM SITE -16.,000 LF-BORRO\v AREA D/RELICT CHANNEL -45.,000 LF-FOG LAKES GEOLOGIC i~APPING -DAM SITE ~LOCAL REGIONAL -BORROW SITE D E ·. I LABORATORY TESTING -ATTERBERG LIMITS -GRADATIONS -HYDRO~iETERS -MOISTURE CONTENTS -PROCTORS • I • !) 1: \ ( I • I ...,, 1::. -··';;;;;;I-if I i l ......... __ ........ .......... __ ' -N- ~ FIGURE I .. --- I I. .. I e&.uuca --1-_ . ..,-."' -, .. __ ..,.. ..... ---· -' . ' ~I • ' • .... i' . . - - - I .. . ...-.--__ )/ 1- - I .. t· I - .. ".' ' ·I'~ ~ /. - •. . ' • ------- I J. i ~ • p ... • .: ' .· .. i -- UQ[HCI IOIU110Ufl.U.O UU ra• •·t.r • •n.uc }Dt'•-~ --...·. · ~ vr.>Onc:t001U......, ..... II+Ofll.&ll • "'' -··" t&UIOCIII1UO fth GtOI'IIU"AI. wavt'fl· "· '"' oc-acra.w:t __ .,,~ .. " .... _ ..... , ... , ........ 11 ... _ ••• .. ,. .... ....,..~ .... JIQ!i, I& lo!ll•l ~ell·I:I,'IIICOe-·CUUII --...lo\1111 !!'!W I UD<.COIC •a--·~t4.'1AU Oloflt•• •• ~·· ,, .. , • ..-"" .. , .... -,.~""""•-•au.en l111. .. &loColl'\.l .......... ~.~ la.!l-!'OIIIW!l\. ooo: 1&6CCII""""'..,Jf'WloQII&a- llllf teo,IPl\"" ~•·•-u-cqJh,_.,.,_.."' ··~~~·-·· .. ·····" I fllU.UIUIIWoU•C I klln.il~>&ftaW,_I_, J.:.llt .... , ... &'"""' Jl •=::=:-,._•-n•\ll1 ~1ooiita.noa 1!'!!;'!.~':1-ICUCI&I"'l~· ... l.-- lwCC' """'''"''MCt..,.uora ~~-~~·-• f tUU NUIIICI !I &at~ t•O* COC,IJII•I'•Iaot '""-'•--.wu '''' t:IIIU-AIU.,fll\"l'lf.& &bit ...... , 110001 41 COl._ltll ....... ace • ..-·• coan••n*'' -1u..nca [ii] I • Jt.. I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I. I I I I I WATANA RELICT CHANNEL CONCERNS POTENTIAL RESERVOIR LEAKAGE POTENTIAL PIPING POTENTIAL LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL SETTLEMENT DUE TO SATURATION AND PERMAFROST THAWING .. --- It li:•·X'Q .. ..; ' , . .., 2~)0 ,. . l ~ 1 - ~ 'f, ··! I II .. . I - .' ?; $ t!: ... ' '• ( ( - -·--... -..... ~ ,.,.~ .~ "" .... --.... .. - ~ ~~ "'l t .. , ' ,. ·" ...... ~ DM-ABB -- ~ ~ .... ' ~n ~ §j ~· ... : .., / ( ~ ' : l I \ ~· "' ;! .. -~ - I~ 1!1_~' 1900 ~ : ... .•. ~~ --.... 210(1 .;! ·- • • :f ~ .. .. . ~•1 i ! t ',,), . ' ;:~ .. •. '{ r. '• : 'l '· :\:: . ·~ ,' i' ~, '" ' ~I, Jl? . ·' f. .~ , .. "' ,/ \ ~ if .,.:;:· WATANA RELICT CHANNEL-TOP OF BEDROCK -- §i [ i.· \ t I ~ ... , ,f' -I -~--t; .. -~-,fr .... r1 t "_~.\:, --•• I l :'' .:L •<""\.. LOCATION MAP 1·.<fl LEG£ND ,11#1 ..___ ;g",~n~~~r.Js~IIJtjlO~I. '!1<1-m:r,. ,~nu * tftl) If \f• TOI'O~AA~It,COII!JUM I"UI<v>l., ~fHf ~ I'OTf~TIAI. CIIAHNEL 1HAI.'IIf.<C.' Wt-16 W.ti6PROfllt 011 CIIQSS•S!t!IOO! ~~{nl: IIOTES IAHIIII ' - r!Qill I. Sl:CIIOII llii•A AllllB SHO'IIN Cit Fl·~"'!o !1 Z f'IIOFILU W•I&AHDW•IJ SHOWHO•U~ &14 3. ~"1.\:~.flRAIIGRAPHIC Ffhe£ [lot,tO;~>:!;Io,~ 01t 4. w.::::o SEISMIC: lmt: SECTIONS St~i!< A""NCIC£1 5. MLIC'T CHU!ijfl 1'1!0109 SI!O#II DW.~lli£ 11.30. : . FIGURE 6.~!) - I I I. I I I; I I I I I I I I I I I. I I I UNIT @ @ ® @ ® ® @ STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN WATANA RELICT CHANNEL AND BORROW SITE 0 AREA TYPE EVENT SURFICIAL DEPOSITS· EROSION a FROST HEAVING ICE OQSINTEGRATION ABLATION a MELTING ADVANCE ALLUVIUM l~ERGLActA~ ___ _/' .--~--.-- LACUS"2"£U .. II!!! IOU .. Iiiiio PONDING LAKES INTERGLACIAL RETREAT BASAL TILL ADVANCE OUTWASH MELTING a RETREAT -...-.-. ~ .._, ---- OUTWASH RETREAT ORA!M!f'!G a RETRE/.\T GLACIOLACUSTRINE a WATERLAIN TILL LAKES a FLOATING ICE - -----BASAL MEl.TlN'S-~ BASAL TILL. ADVANCE @ ~Ll..UVIUM INTERGLACIAL RETREAT READVANJCE CD OUTWASH (TILL ?) MELTiNG a RETRf!AT RETI11EAT LACUSTRINE a/OR Q) MELTING STRATIFIED DEPOSITS G) TILL ADVANCE ® ALLUVIUM FLOWING WATEn 8 BEDROCK COLUMN ------------------- RELICT CHANNEL X-SECTION 2300 Sl-SW-3 W Sl80-7 AH-19 W 2240 DR-22 . 2180 AH-20 a.;A/8 2120 c 2060 2000 BR·SL J 1940 1880 K K 1820 1760 BR ------------------ 2250 AH-26 22.00 2140 2020 1960 BR-Sl 1900 1840 1780 1720 1660 RELICT CHANNEL X-SECTION ' ....... ......... ""'--?--- J I I / I fl. I 22!50 2190 2030 2070 -20i0 5l --~ 1950 ~ :> w irl 1890 1830 1770 1710 1650 0 600 1200 RELICT CHANNEL .X-SECTION / G ll. I / I I (1.. 1800 2400 3000 3600 4200 HORIZONTAL DISTANCE (I" u600') · ---· 4800 5400 6000 - BORROW 'D' X-SECTIONS 2400 c 2340 2280 F 2220 G 2160 ----;rl~----------~~~-------2100 o• 2040 1980 1920 ~~----~----~----~~----~----L-----~----~----~-----L~---L----~----~~--~~ 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 1200 aooo· aaoo ssoo 10400 0 800 1600 - 2400 2280 2220 2160 --1 .-- 2100 2040 1980 0 0 -1 -·--. --------... ..... ...... 600 1200 ......................... ...... '-.. ,....._ ...... ...._ 1800 2400 BORROW 'D' X-SECTIONS ....... ' ' 3000 ":'-.... '-.. -....... ........ ' " \ \ \ \ \ ' \ 3600 4200 4800 -- 5400 6000 6600 -------~--~----~-- BORROW 'D' X -SECTIONS 2400 DR-14 2.!40 c D 2280 //~~~--~-----AH~I~ .,..,.../ 7----AlB 2220 2160 2100 -' 2040 \ / ,/ 1980~~----~~--~~----~~~A-----~----~----~----~~----~----~----~----------~ 5400 6000 6600 7200 7800 2400 !000 5600 4200 4800 0 600 1200 1800 I' l' ,,. {, l [ ~·. ~ ~- l Iii •' L -MATERIAL PROPERTIES -RELICT CHANNEL ~a I I I I I I ' I I I I I I I I I 1: I TEST PITS AUGER HOLES ROT PRY/CORE BORINGS COE SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATIONS -WATANA RELICT CHANNEL & BORROW SITE D fl.fl. I 1£78..... . . . .. . . ... 1980~81 AAI 1982 14 24 11 2 14 0 29 0 lE ---------------·-------.------------------... ---n.-------------------------------- ..... -.------------------------, ..... ---... -------------.-----.---------------------- LABOP.P.TORY TESTING SOU~CE OF .. SAMPLES #. SA~1PLES GRADATIONS ~10lSTURES ATTERBURGS TEST PITS ftliGEP. HOLES ROTAPY/COP.E BORINGS TOTAL TO Dfl.TE 51 219 570 840 ACRES AMERICAN INCORPORATED 51 83 416 550 2 . 48 ·~al ;.., 441 3 55 . Ll.O J .J 107 ' I I I I I I I ' I I I I I ' I I I I UNIT ~~IB c D D' M E/F G G' H I J' J K ER HATANA BORROW SITE D 8, RELICT CHANNEL STRATIGRAPHIC UNIT THICKNESS <EST) RANGE OF THICKNESSES R.C. AVG, SURFICIPL 0 - 7 FEET 3.5 DISINTEGPATION 0 -40.5 11.0.5 . ALLUVIUM 0 -55+ 4.6 LACUSTRINE 0-38+ 2.·4 BASAL TILL 0 -79 3.8 OUTWASH 0 -131 39.9 LACUSTRINE/TILL 0 -73.5 2?.3 .. BASAL TILL 0 -231 17.2 '" .... ,..... ALLUVIUM 0 -41 7.4 OUTvlASH/TILL ? 0 -77 29.2 LPCUSTRINE/STRATIFIED 0-48 3,6 TILL 0 -62 20.8 ALLUVIUM 0 -161 15.6 REDROCK BORROW"D"AVG. 3.0 12.4 6.2 3.0 . 5.€ 47.2 29.5 25.2 lU.O 25.8 10.2 22.4 57.3 NOTE: ALL UNITS EXCEPT ~&B~ C., E/F" AND G HAVE STP.NDARD DEVIATIONS , IN THICKNESS EXCEEDING PVERJlGE UNIT THICKNESS. THIS IS STRONG INDICftTION OF THE V,ARIAEILITY IN liNIT THICKNESS P.ND DISTRIEl!TION. . ACRES AMERICAN INCORPORATED [ r I (' I . , Q ~ t t [ Jr. If f1 h -BORROW AREA D I I I I I I I I ' I I II FEASIBILITY REPORT I ORIGINAL EsnmTE I I I I I I WATANA BORROW SITED ARfA -1075 ACRES <ARBITRARY DEFINED LUUT) UNIT AVG I THICKNESS EST. voLur'E AlB 3 5 c ]2 21 D 6 20 n·' 3 5 f4 6 10 ElF 47 82 - 77 133 75 125 125 220 . ---~--~~----------- US. Standard Sltvt Optnlngt In lnchu U.S.Siondard SIIYI Numbtra Hrdromtttr 100 --12 9 s 3 2 li/2 I 3/4 1/2 3/8 4 10 20 40 eo 100 1-40 :zoo 270 : -· 0 -~ 'I l"f 11 ,._ ~ [T I' I ¥ I I jl f.,._., ~ ..... ~ . 90 La i--t--, t'. I" 10 1'-r--... t-...... -i I' ~ •, ~ 80 "t-.. -...... ~ ""' 20 ";" :--r....... ~ "-r--70 -.;,;,;.. i--i• ~~ r--1' 30 -.s::. r-.. ~ -Oo z::: """' I' ' ~ ca Q) . ~ '-• -~ 60 ~ 1'-" 40 ~ >. '-' >... .Q • ............., ' " ,G ... i'.. ... Q) 50 50 • c • r.... ' ~ "' • ·-~ LL -·--0 -' • !'... ~~ ' 0 0 c: 40 !-... tJ ~ 60 -u t'-c: ... &l Cl "" u a. ' ... 30 ., r'-r-. "' 70 a. --['. 20 ' ..... "-" "' 80 ~ ........ !-...... 10 -... 90 Otaoo ~00 100 ro D & I 0.15 Ql 0.05 0.01 0~ 0001100 GRAIN SIZE IN MILLIMETERS BO.U..OERS COBBLES GRAVEL SAND FINES I Coarse I Fine Coarse Medium Fine Silt Sizes C~ Sizes • LAB TEST NO. BORING NO. SAMPLE NO. DEPTH CURVE SYMBOL CLASSIF&CATION SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT IV82 8v/f Sa.,~ ~~u (~) ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY I . WATANA BORROW SITE D 0 AND RELICT CHANNEL UNIT c I GRADATION ANALYSIS CURVES ~-:-_------~ ACRES AMERICAN INCORPORATED . ----~-------·--~--- . US. Slal\dard Sltvt O~lnga m tnchu U.S. Standard SliYt Numbora Hydra meter tOO ~.----12 9 6 3 2 11'2 I 3/4 1/2 3/8 4 10 20 40 ao 100 140 200 270 . I I II ~ I II I II fT II I t I I II 0 -. 90 .. -> ~ ---. K) ~ r--r--. 80 :--P--20 r-r---""' 70 ~""-... -K 30 s::. -01 .c r-r.f# Ol OJ • ~ 60 ""'""'-«> ~ ,.. >. .0 ..a ~ ... OJ 50 50 ~ c .. ·-... u. 0 0 ..... c u OJ «> = 60 -u c ~ ., = -·-u Q. ..... 30 ., 70 Q. 20 80 . 10 90 01000 500 100 :0 D 6 I 0.0 Ql 0.05 0.01 0005 QOOllOO GRAIN SIZE IN MILLIMETERS BOU..DERS COBBLES GRAVEL I SAND FINES Coarse -~ Fine lcoorse Medium Fine Silt Sizes Clo1 Sizes . • LAB TEST NO. BORING NO. SAMPLE NO. DEPTH CURVE SYMBOL CLASSIFICATION SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT 15u/ h (I) WBZ.-ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY WATANA BORROW SlTE D AND RELICT CHANNEL UNIT D' - GRADATION ANALYSIS CURVES ~REs AMERiCANiNc"'ORPoRATED ------------~------ ~ US. SlcMord Sieve Opening• In lnchu U.S.Standord Situ Numbtn Hydrom&ler 100 ----12 9 6 3 2 11/2 I 3/4 1/2 3/8 4 10 20 40 10 100 t40 200 270 -1-I ,. I r ,. I" I 1' "f ~ II 0 ~ --~ ' 90 \ ' .......... ~ I' 10 r--. " .... ~'--~ 80 20 " ~ 70 ' ~ 30 -....... !' r--....._ -£! :-, &: 00 ,, r-... c. CD .............. 4 •• 3:60 .... ~ -............ 40 ~ .,., ~ .Q i' 'lloo::,. 4 '-i'o... ~ ... ID 50 50 • c: ......, ~ ..... ........ " -..... u. r-.... 0 ""' " 0 -~ u c: " 40 "":--. ""--..... 60 -u c: ... • ., ' : 11 u Q.. ... ......... Ill 30 70 Q.. ~ n 20 ~ 80 ...... :--,... ... r-r--; 10 ......... 90 .......... I ~ ,u._ -otOOO eoo 100 50 D & I 0.& Ql 0.0~ 0.01 0~ QOOIIOO GRAIN SIZE IN MILLIMETERS BOLl.OERS COBBLES I GRAVEL I SAND FINES I Coarse I Fine !Coarse Medium Fine Silt Sizes Ct\l,'f Sizes [ii] LAB TEST NO. BORING NO. SAMPLE NO. DEPTH CURVE SYMBOL CLASSIFICATION SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT w"z.-(3lll..k (/D) ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY WATANA BORROW SITE D AND RELICT CHANNEL UNIT E/F ' GRADATION ANALYSIS CURVES AcREs AMErucANlNCORPORATED 'C -------------------.. . US. Standard Sieve Openings In lnchn U.S.Stondord Sltwt Numhr1 H~dromtter 100 12 9 6 3 2 .11/2 I 3/4 1/2. 3/8 4 10 20 40. 10 100 140 200 270 ' I' ._ ~ • I' I' I I I I I r-.... i 0 ~ ~ ., . ._r-!-r-r-. " 90 ...._ 10 r--I& I' -\ :-r--. r-. r-. 80 ~ ........ 20 I I 1'. ~~ t--~ .. 70 ~ I 30 .... -z: s: 0 ...., -. Cll II !t'r-r--• 5:60 !'---40 .~ r"' t"->. i--r->-. .Q --~ .Q '-~ Q) 50 50 • c ~ t--r--• u: ... t--.. 0 r--c -" 0 c 40 60 tJ ........... -u c: t.. " • II .. ~ u ~ Q.. w 30 . 70 Q.. f" ... 20 so 10 90 01000 ~00 100 ro . I) 6 I 0.15 Ql 0.015 0.01 OJ.X>5 oooa100 GRAIN SIZE IN MILLIMETERS COBBLES GRAVEL SAND FINES OOU..DERS Coarse I Fine Coarse Medium Fine Silt Sizes ~~Sizes • LAB TEST NO. BORING NO. SAMPLE NO. DEPTH CURVE SYMBOL CLASSIFICATION SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT Olr !s ( /8) ALASKA POWER AUTHORtTY WATANA BORROW SITE 0 .. -··-AND RELICT CHANNEL UNIT G GRADATION ANALYSIS CURVES 'AcREs' AMEmcANINCORPORATEo . ------------------··-- . llS, Standard Steve 0!*'111gl In lnchu U.S. Standard Sieve Numbers H,dromelsr 100 ~ ~ 12 9 6 3 2 11/2 I 3/4 1/2 3/8 4 10 20 40 80 100 140 200 270 'i'- I l ,. ~-..!_~-~ I 11 I I I I I' 0 ........ " -I'"!"--... -•!"-- 90 -M. ~ --:..... ......... -'-.... 0 ,. 10 t-.. I'- "~ ""'----!-----80 ""' :-r-r!.. ~ 20 --"r-. ............... ........... :Y 70 i' ......__ 30 -~ .c .. -.c co '" ...... 01 II) b... -...1!. • ~60 ';;......... !'...... 40 3t ,.. :>. .Q , .. ------~ ~ .Q ... ... II) 50 50 • c: -.f... .... :"-:-. .. ·-r-'-u. .. Q ........ r-........... tt -' 0 c w 40 ~r-. 60 -u c: t.. .... (ol 4l I' I u a. r.. -.. 30 ''-... 70 0.. 20 ~ 80 " 10 90 01000 500 100 eo 0 15 , I o.s Ql 0.05 0.01 0005 QOOIIOO GRAIN SIZE IN MILUMETERS BOU..OERS COBBLES I GRAVEL SAND FINES I Coarse I Fine Coarse Medium Fine Silt Sizes ~Sizes • LAB TEST NO. BORING NO. SAMPLE NO. DEPTH CURVE SYMBOL CLASSIFICATION SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT Bdlk ( /O) W$7..-ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY . WATANA BORROW SITE D AND RELICT CHANNEL UNIT G' GRADATION ANALYSIS CURVES 'ACRE'S AiEmcANINCOR'PORiTE'D -----------...-------- US. Standar4 Slave Oponlngt In Inch" U.S. Standard Slnt Numbtr a Hydrometer 100 -.----12 9 A, 3 2 11/2 I 3/4 1/2 3/8 .. 10 20 40 10 100 140 200 270 I ... .,; 0 ----..;::r--:-rtt I • -........ '"-~ ----....... 1--:--~ 9-... :'II~ r--~ ~ . 90 r--,.11 ~ -~ ,.. r--I'- rT"oo. i"-"" 10 r--..... \ '\ !1"' i'--/ ~ ' 80 .......... 20 \ ~ fl.~ ~, ~ ....... """" 70 r-30 ' .... , -~ ' 1'--.c J.: Clo 0 0 Q) .......... I'.. ['-,. ~ • ~60 ......... !'\.~ 40 :l >. ......... ~ .Q "" " ~~ r-...,._ \... ~ Cl) "50 00 • c: r•...., ~ ............. i"'t--. • ·-'-LL ' 0 '!'>... -"" ..... 0 -' u c: 40 -«< -' ~"-'l 60 -u ~ !:) ....... ' c: ... • 11.1 ' I'... u Q. ' .. ....... • 30 ' ' 10 Q. ' 1'--.. ., 20 ~ ~ 80 "'!ooo .......... 1'..., .... ....... 10 1-oo.., r---'90 r---.. 01000 .. QOOIIOO . -~00 100 ro [) 5 I o.a Ql 0.0!5 0.01 0005 GRAIN SIZE IN MILLIMETERS BOU.DERS COBBLES I GRAVEL J SAND I FINES I Coarse I Fine !Coarse Medium Fine l Silt Sizes C~Sizes • LAB TEST NO. BORING NO. SAMPLE NO. DEPTH CURVE SYMBOL CLASSIFICATION SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT II? 's X ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY -ri 's 0 ' WATANA BORROW SITE D .. AND RELICT CHANNEL /ILL CoE TPJ/IP 0/177) GRADATION ANALYSIS CURVES 7cREi AMERtCANlNCoRPORATED I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I UNIT c D D' M E/F G G' H I J' J .. t' PCINTS We flTT. 64 4 23 5 10 2 ~ 37 5 120 33 20 2 6 2 1 0 3 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 3D 35 40 45 50 55 ffi:· WATER CONTENT {0 /o) NOTE: ·~ = MftXIMUM MATERIAL PASSING 3/4 11 SIEVE x = MINIMUM l:J = PL (MEAN) • = W (MEAN) c Note: Plastic limits are biased towards higher (more plastic) values. Upper limit of moisture contents are extreme, rare cases; well above means. -----------------We- oJ 1\ . 60 . I I I ., T I I I I T I I I I I I . r 1 I I I I l I I I / • I . . . , 1 .• 1 I .I I .L 1 .I • I 'tt I I _1. _I_ !fW PkASTICITY OR Pl:ASTIC OR ''FAT CLAYS -. EA~ CLAYS.~ ~ILTS . 8 SILTS ' . . . 50 - -CH J ' 'l !. ~ ! . . }. ld 40 ~· ~ . ~ [...; "" ~ ~~~ "'\ ~ • c ~ 1 ··~ , ?: ~ . -30 . u Ill' i= ~ ~ ~ Q. !.It CL I" -'-"' ,.. 20 ~ . ,.,. (11 •. '- ,__ i-f--I-14' ~-~ 1.; MH aoH ~r-~ ' ~ -I i...-~--' ~ to ~ 10 ~ 1 .... . .,.. CL . -~ 1..1 1.!. lJ. ,_, 1...-~ -. 4 I I,..-I ... X ·--ceML_ I~ ~ ~ . I l r'l I" ~ ML a OL · ~~ 1-.T .I :, ~ -. . ML jl! -0' I I l..t!li'"' I tiP . J 20 0 10 30 40 50 60 70 ao I LIQUID LIMIT TEST PERFORMED ON MATERIAL PASSING -o X -+~ NO. 40 SIEVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ASTM 0423 ·66 Cl972} AND 0424-59 (1971) /JlL {)llJ ITS EsnmATC.O. ' I)IIJIIS <:. -F -- . I I I I I .I I I I I I I I I I I I I I MJifl We Uh•t E}F s.z"f, _6"'" 145 I I IJ~~tl.i C '~~ I 1~'1 r _6"" ) .! I I 140 l i I i --135 u 0.. )-.,_ (/) z w 0 I >-I 0::::: 130 I 0 l ,:.'6.4 I - WATER CONTENT (0/o) NOTE: :.~~TERIAL PASSING 3/4 .. srEvE t\STM D '='<;& "'' ETih.a t> C... MEifiV (Jflf ~ ""c. Ji .I '/t ..,.o z,,, "lb l l I J +<Si 2S'.1 '6 i I I I I I i I i I Q SA~ PLE W~"--;3.C. P fT 4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I --0 c.. - >- 1- (/) z w a >-0: a 145 135 ·~<\..2. 1--- 1:.'3.. ~ 132. I S- 134.. r - !30 l.:l ~-5 125 t- ;111 f./ I MWf U ,.J NAT'JJ2A "- We. 5.J.. ., .. _l . I ;\'1 f4. y. , ~ &} "' Nf. Tlh'( .4 L We.. .rtf I l 120 2~~---4L__j ______ 6l_~L_~~48d&~~~e~-~~~,o~-L--:12~~--~~~4--~~,6 B.S" WATER CONTENT (o/o) UN II E. IF 0 wa'2..-.2. 1'•'l3~.!.c-,'3E, 8 VJ 62.-3o E) &J~-44 'P\T.2.,. 0 wB2.-c:tl (tCfe i AC..Kt' S. J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 145 140 -:; 13~ Cl. -I 34.0----- >- 1- CJ) z w Q ~ 130 Q 1.2.8-1 fi-- p.i.3j---- 125 x mlPL u.81o I i I I -------,-• t l~l:l--_j __ --- f I 2 0 L-----1--L--!..--L.. _ _,__..,__~~---~--:-_..._......_..;,._.-'---..___... ___ __. 2 4 6 7-'f 8 g..;~. 10 12 14 WATER CONTENT (0/o) 'RAtJ~t 6F ALL 'STANDARD ""P'Ro<..:T"o R. R ~tJL.-r~ "BOR.RD.J s tT€' D /t'Escs 16 I I I I I· I I I I I I I I I •• I I I ---(.) c. - >- t-•. CJ') z w a >-0: Q ~:~TE : 145 140 135 13<(1f 130 125 120 I ' 1 1 ~···-···· 2 4 t'flltJtwu.JtJ tJ4TVfl.#a"- w~ ~.2. i'. ...__.., ~/;.. TERtAL PASSING 3/4" SIEVE 8 WATER •' ' ' ~J ----------!-----1 I t ~ iif~~llltlll't\ NICT"Jil.-4"" w. ""·' i' .. _j_ i -----t~0 -8 I R "' oDf''~o fl?-o 4< f -~ _, i 14 16 8 SA \M Pt. e we z.-.2 p •• ~~ 3c. ) 3 t:. 0 A S'"LW\ D 1 s~ Yri e-rn. e c. (r18L AU::~~) SA 1N1 f'L.. E W80-~o A As HTo T-teo m~l)b b (.<:tao .tc::.~ £~ ) •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ·I 145 140 --135 0 0. - >- J- (/) z w 0 >-130 0::: 0 t:li.B 125 120 I I I I ' ' I ' i I I ,I I - ~HM•~vt\1 NJ.1''1JIZA ,_ we. G. 0 ., • ! l i ~ I , I 1 I l f ' I I 1 I 1 ' . • . l I . i . ! -~ l l I I I I f ... I ! ' ! I I • I ' I ; ' ' ' I l I ; . I • . I l . I I I -v~ '\ I 1 7 I i -------1-------~+--- I l . 2 4 6 8 '1.5"10 WATER CONTENT (0/0 ) '. ""' ~ -,':.;_ PASS:NG 3/4 II SIEVE UN 1T ft ! ~ 1 ~ J ~ ;t lj ,, • ! ' i I i I t c I ~ I ' ·-- i l t I ' I ,; i I ! \ I --r--- ' t• f 12 . ... --r> (off' sr:.-le.) I l I ; ' I l { ' I I ~-r-- J l"f't\1< /#A\ We. 91.1 -;. 14 16 0 SAV~-tPLc we~-~ ?tT s (a..., I l f Y'Vl oD 1Ft 'ED PR.oc_. ToR I E n t t ·~ ~ I I tJU ;.U u .llJ :U ·~ ·.u -FOG LAKES RELICT CHANNEL I . ··-=-------·------.........._._. __ ..._ -----·---~ I I I I l I . I I .I I I . I i -l 1: I I I I I. - I I rt r \ .? \ !) ~ ~ ~ ·, FOG UKES RELJCT CHANNEL EXPLORAT\ON MAP - .. r? ~- r _:__ ~! ( .•. < ~ ·, ""' .... \ ~.~. \ • I !~ sa&.C ] f) ' J' tfi I . l liJ l t>~ -DAM SITE GEOLOGY --.. ----.. -----.. 10 • 7 Q ---- ,.. -.. - 0 D I c c • • liXl -PUT PLATE 8.1 A WATf\N.\ VALl,'( l'I'PE Sf'IU.W•\\' 1\tTERNATM: GENERAL ARnANG£MENT I I • t • 7 t • • a -UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM PORTAL J L I I I EXISTING DIVERSION ARRANGEMENT I ' 1, TWO -38' 0 CONCRETE LINED TUNNELS I 2. MULTI-LEVEL INTAKES I EL 1420 EL 1490 I 3 .. LOWER TUNNEL REDUCES WATER LEVEL IN COFFERDAM I FOR CONSTRUCTION IN STANDING WATER, I 41 LOWER TUNNEL AT DO~INSTREAM TO BE USED AS TAILRACE I 5. HIGHER TUNNEL REQUIRED FOR FLOOD ONLY 6. HIGHER TUNNEL USED FOR LOW LEVEL RELEASE -~1UST I BE HIGH TO AVOID SILTING I 7. LOWER TUNNEL IS PRESSURE TUNNEL. I 8. CLOSURE STRUCTURES REQUIRED TO ENABLE PLUG AND LOW WATER RELEASE TO BE CONSTRUCTED. I 0 9. LOCATION OF TUNNELS SET BETWEEN COFFERDAM AND I 1'THE FINS,, STRUCTURE. I I I ./,r~~ --------:-.._..c_ _________________ _ SET II 042./85°NW .. SET :m: 0. . N 325o/90, SET :r~ JOINT PLOT UP!-lTREAM PORTAL AREA w I '· I I I I I I I I I .. I I I I 'I I I I I . ./ ALTERNATIVE TO LOCATION OF UPSTREAM DIVERSION PORTAL . . 1. LEAVE AT PRESENT LOCATION 2. LEAVE AT PRESENT LOCATION WITH MODIFICATJONS 3 . LOCATE uPSTREAM OF "THE FINS II 4, LOCATE FURTHER DOWNSTREAM 5. LOCATE ON SOUTH ABUTMENT ----..... _ ... , .. / ---= I Ill .. ·--·--.. -----·-·· WATANA . DIVERSION TUNNELS ALTERNATE ALIGNMENTS I I I I I I I, I I I I I I I I I I I I LEAVE AT PRESENT LOCATION ADVANTAGES 1. , EXCAVATED ROCK CAN BE USED IN COFFERDAM CONSTRUCT ION 2. GOOD HYDRAULIC LOCATION 3, REMOVED FROM ~1AIN CONSTRUCTION AREA· DISADVANTAGES · 1. REQUIRES 300-FOOT HIGH CUTS . 2. EXTENSIVE ROCK SUPPORT MAY BE REQUIRED 3. REQUIRES COMPLEX CONSTRUCTION COFFERDAM ARRANGEMENT 4. DIFFICULT ACCESS PROBLEMS I I -• I I I I Ia I ,, I I I- I I I I I I PRESENT POSITION WITH MODIFICATIONS MODIFICATIONS 1. SEPARATE PORTALS AND STAGGERED CUT FACES 2. MOVE CUT FACES NEARtR TO RIVER 3. REVERSE TUNNELS -MAKING LOWER TUNNEL ON SDUTH SIDE f~OD IF !CATION #1 ADVANTAGES -MINIMIZES SIDE ROCK CUTS -INCREASES WORK AREA DISADVANTAGES -LESS EXCAVATED MATERIAL FOR COFFERDAM . -INCREASES DIFFICULTY IN ACCESS TO NORTH TUNNEL MODIFICATION #2 ADVANTAGES -MINIMIZES ROCK CUTS -IMPROVES CONSTRU£TION SCHEDULE -BETTER CONSTRUCTION ACCESS DISADVANTAGES . -REQUIRES LARGER CONSTRUCTION COFFERDAf·i AND GREATER RIVER CONSTRAINTS -LESS EXCAVATED MATERIAL FOR COFFERDAM MODIFICATION #3 ADVANTAGES -LESS CONSTRUCTION PROBLEM FOR BOTH PORTALS -REDUCES ROCK CUTS DISADVANTAGES -REDESIGN OF TAILRACE THAT COULD RESULT IN LOss-oF ENERGY AND/OR LARGER TAILRACE TUNNELS -CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS IN DOWNSTREAM PORTAL I I I •• I I I I I ·I I I I I I I I I I PORTAL MOVED UPSTREAM ADVANTAGES -PORTAL WOULD BE ON FLATTER SLOPES -REMOVES DIVERSION AS UPSTREAM CONSTRAINT ON DAM -MOVES DIVERSION CONSTRUCTION AWAY FROM MAIN DAM -INCREASED WORK AREA DISADVANTAGES -LENGTH OF TUNNEL -LARGER DIAMETER TUNNEL -POTENTIAL POOR GEOLOGY IN PORTAL AREA -REQUIRES EXCAVATION THRU 11THE FINS" -POSSIBLE OVERBURDEN PROBLEM -DIFFICULT ACCESS -POORER TUNNEL ALIGNMENT -IMPACTS CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE ..................... --------------------------~~· - - - -.. - - --· -... --- -,.. --- UPSTREAM DIVERSION PORTALS ~1AP PRESENT DIVERSION PLAN / / ( / ---·-~ --~-\goo-- ...... -~-------- ALTERNATE DIVERSION PLAN: • / 0 "10. . . SO FEET SCALE ! C:77? I· I I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I •• I I I DOWNSTREAM PORTAL ADVANTAGES -BETTER ROCK CUTS -SHORTER TUNNEL -BETTER GEOLOGY -EASIER ACCESS DISADVANTAGES -POOR HYDRAULIC ALIGNMENT -INTERFERES WITH COFFERDAM -REQUIRES THAT COFFERDAM COR PART Of) QBE INCLUDED IN MAIN DAM OR~ REQUIRES FANCY INTAKE DESIGN -PORTAL ALIGNMENT NOT AS FAVORABLE FOR GEOLOGY -MAY INTERFERE WITH MAIN DAM CONSTRUCTION -MAY REQUIRE UNDERWATER CHANNEL CUT I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I PORTAL ON SOUTH ABUTMENT ADVANTAGES SEPARATED FROM ALL OTHER CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES .. NO LEAKAGE CONCERN TO UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES -RELIEVES D/S PORTAL AND DOWNSTREAM COFFERDAM CONJESTION DISADVANTAGES -LONG TUNNEL -POOR GEOLOGY -POTENTIAL PERMAFROST -ACCESS REQUIRES BRIDGE IMPACTS CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE -LARGE ROCK CUTS AT U/S PORTAL -POOR HYDRAULICS -POTENTIAL IMPACT WITH COFFERDAM CONSTRUCTION -REQUIRES ADDITIONAL TAILRACE TUNNEL -•• ------ WATANA COFFERDAM AND PORTAL AREA GEOLOGIC MAP - / 8 / ,.,..-.,.,..--,..,. ...... .-..... ___ ~...!' _.--~..._ _ _...T'"!:JI': 0 AUlJ'AIII ----- --......__ -<("" '-...__..~--,_... -------,-......., ________ _ - --- , ... I FIGURE --- l"f,.·'-· -~-ll:,, --------------------...----- !/ ~~ !r :c· i; ~1 I' : 1' ' ~< r~ l' 1-;· ·r ::.,, l ) tl [· I -· -;tJ . t ' !, )_{ ;{ ·' '1 t f ; I» " Jt J. ' r·r--- I·~! APU[il r-nUlua \ 'tit. s 6 -I- I N Oo5•J8Q"E SET m: SET II OS5°/9C/' JOINT PLOT DOVJNSTREAr1f PORTAL AREA ' I ' ' I • l . : 1700 17!10 ... I~GO ... 1:! ~ "' 1520 0 ;: .. > .. 141!0 ~ ... ~•o 1400 SECTION A-A --- .. , -- 1780 1720 1440 1400 --- EL 149~ ... , ··~ _ SECTION B-8 -- _...--··----··· t I 1 I 1 r t SECTION C·C -- 0 0 ~ ;! z ·---· . ! [1.1500 GUIDE WAlL AltOIORto TO ROCK ' ,J.,.,. F\.lP Bllt~ET TO 1!E: ~ll!\ICTEO AFTU. M'tltSIOH STCPlOG GU!CE: ·f. ~L .1~09 I i EL 14!10 ... t L ,\', -~!!-c~~ Ill' "'-2 :L:;a L,. EL 1440 SECTION D-~ '<I~ • 40 f£El) WATANA OOWNSTREA~ ~ORTALS PLAN 6 SEtTfONS EXHIBIT F 1'\.ATE F20 ----- ------------------ DOWNSTREAM DIVERSION AND T.AILRACE PORTALS MAP ALTERNATE LOCATION ·--- '----··~ ~.~ .....__ -~-""""'-.... , ·-----------1700 --------·------·---·-------.. -- - t; ... ... !: - 1600 % 1500 0 ;:: ~ ~ ... 1400 1600 .... ... ... .... = 2i 1500 ti > d '"' [ - ELI450 -----.. ------ DOWN~TRJ;AM DIVERSION PORTALS SECTIONS ..... ·-ACCESS ROAO ,r-STRIP TO ROCK / I I ROAO Alli:RNATE DIVERSION TUHIIEL NO I /ACCES:> ROAD ~;>-· /·STRIP TO ROCIC At:TERHATE TI.ILRACE TUN!ia ALTERNATE DIVERSION PLAN AZIMUTH 045• ~F SECTION __..225• SUSIYNA RIVER ...... ........... ......... ..... , .. '~· -- SUSITNA RIVER LOO!<ING UPSTREAM 1600 t1 .... = 1500 z 0 ;:: ~ ... ... ... 1400 / .... ~ TUNNEL AIIERNATE TAILAAC£ I DIVERSION TUNNEL NO 2 1 .. 5 • .,.".-AZIMUTH _.,.1..,. " OF SECTION "" "' LOOKING NORTH SECTION A•A -- SUSITHA RIVER COFFERDAM EL 1412 0 SCALE I -- -SCOPE OF WINTER/SUMMER PROGRAM I I I I I I I I I I -I I I I I I I I I DA~1SITE \~INTER GEOTECHNICAL PROGRAM OBJECTIVES OBTAIN DESIGN LEVEL DATA TO FINALIZE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT TO ESTABLiSH CONSTRUCTION COSTS AND SCHEDULES DATA TO BE OBTAINED: SCOPE -ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF BEDROCK & ALLUVIUf~ -THICKNESS OF ALLUV I U~1 -DA~SITE GEOLOGY -GEOHYDROLOGY APPROXIMATELY 2000-LF HAMMER DRILLING -COFFERDAM -MAIN DAr~ -DOWNSTREAM COFFERDAM -U/S PORTAL -PLUNGE POOL APPROXIMATELY 15)000-LF SEISMIC REFRACTION SURVEYS ~ -U/S COFFERDAM -~lAIN DAM -DIS COFFERDAM -U/S PORTAL -PLUNGE POOL I I I I I I I I I I. I I I I I I I I I WINTER GEOTECHNICAL PROGRAM RELICT CHANNEUBORROW AREA D OBJECTIVES SCOPE OBTAIN DESIGN LEVEL DATA TO DETERMINE ENGINEERING AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND TO DETERMINE CONSTRUC- TION COSTS AND SCHEDULE. -DRILLING APPROXIMATELY 4J30fi-LF BY HAMMER DRILLING INSTALL PIEZOMETERS AND THERI'~ISTORS -INSTALL WELLS -PERFORM FIELD PERMEABILITY TESTING I I I SUMMER 1983 GEOTECHNICAL I PROGRAM I OBJECTIVE -: I TO CONTINUE IN OBTAINING DESIGN LEVEL DATA I SCOPE I TECHNIQUES TO BE CONSIDERED: -MAPPING I -REMOTE SENSING -DRILLING I PLUG/PROBE CORING <VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL) I OVERBURDEN SAMPLING -EXCAVATION I TEST TRENCHING TEST PIT/BLAST ~ CAISSON/SHAFT I ADIT SURFACE GEOPHYSICS - I SEISMIC REFRACTION SEISMIC REFLECTION I RESISTIVITY RADAR I ETC. -DOWNHOLE INSTRUMENTATION THERMAL I PIEZOMETRIC I DEFORMATION I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 {t -DOWNHOLE TESTING PERMEABILITY SEISMIC. VELOCITY IMAGERY DENSITY/MOISTURE r10DULUS HARDNESS IN-SITU STRESS INCLINATION DEFORMATION -MATERIAL TESTING ROUTINE SOIL & ROCK TESTING DYNAMIC TESTING CONCRETE TESTING -·-------.... ! ------.. --- ~~~~f~l WATANA 1982-85 PROPOSED GEOTECHNICAL INVE.STIGATION PROGRAM 1982 1983 1984 , JFMAMJJASOHDJFMAMJJAS01NDJFMAMJJASOND . BORROW AREAS INVESTIGATION/ RESERVOIR GEOLOGIC MAPPING DRILLING a TESTING LABORATORY TESTING GEOPHYSICS RELICT CHANNEL INVESTIGATION DRILLING a TESTING LABORATORY TESTING DAMSITE !NVESTIGATION GEOLOGIC MAPPING GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS DIAMOND DRILLING RIVER DRILLING TEST ADITS LABORATORY TESTING . ~ 1m -I ~ . -I;: • • • "' I ill Ufll . ~~#l •II 'Ill ~ II ~~ ~-:; I! :1;n, '"" I ~ I II [I il [Ill --~ = \!(, r.~r!: .:~-: ~-tt: J.~ll -ROCKFILL CONCRETE FACED DAM I I I ,I I I I I ·I I I I I I ~ I •• I I •• CONCRETE FACE FILL DAM AT WATANA I I I I I I I I I I I I ' I I I I I I CONCRETE FACE FILL DAM ALTERNATIVE AT WATANA PERCEIVED ADVANTAGES: I ELIMINATION OF EARTH CORE LESS DEPENDENCE ON WEATHER CONDITIONS I STEEPER SLOPES 1,5:1 INSTEAD OF 2 AND 2.4:1~ HENCE LESS MATERIAL LESS FOUNDATION PREPARATIONS fv10RE FLEXIBILITY IN LAYOUT -PARTICULARLY TUNNEL PORTALS I IMPROVED SCHEDULE I IMPROVED STABILITY UNDER SEISMIC LOADING I STABILITY NOT DEPENDENT ON INTEGRITY OF FACE SLAB -CAN WITHSTAND VERY HIGH LEAKAGE RATES I LOWER COST I .I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I • • • • • • CONCRETE FACE FILL DAM ALTERNATIVE AT WATANA DISADVANTAGES: NO PRECEDENT FOR HEIGHT -70% INCREASE OVER AREIA NO PRECEDENT FOR CLIMATE NO PRECEDENT FOR SEISMICITY MUST COMPLETE ROCK FILL BEFORE CONSTRUCTING FACE SLAB PRECEDENTS INCLUDE IMPERVIOUS EARTH COVER BASE OF FACE LATE START FOR IMPOUNDMENT DIFFICULT AND COSTLY TO REMEDY ANY LEAKAGE THROUGH FACE SLAB I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •• I I I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. DAM SALT SPRINGS PARADELA ALTO ANCHICAYJl. ARE IA vJATANA TABASARA LA MIEL CONCRETE FACE FILL DAM PRECEDENT STURCTURES YEAR COMPLETED 1930 1955 1974 1980 198? 198? 198? HEIGHT FEET 330 370. 460 525 885 590 650 % INCREASE 12 :24 ll.f 68 12 24 • 300 ' WATANA !'( 270 ~ 3 -:r.: (I) () 200 " z c( LA MIEL . en z <( ijj --w -c( TABASARJ. I= E ..J 0 0:: ~~ w LIJ ~ c( -~ :E (/) c ~ z c( c( '?o -0:: 1-~ 0 0 3: . (!) 0 iii 0 0 ::t: 100 )( )( )( )( XXX 8 )( X o Oo· )( X 0 0 0 0 ~~------~--·--------~--------~--------~~ 1920 1940 1960 1980 COMPlETION DATE CONCRETE FACE ROCK FILL DAMS '• - --.... ---~ --w --~-- - - - I I I I .I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I EARTH ROCK FILL DAM ALTERNATIVE AT WATANA e 'WITHIN PRECEDENT -PROVEN STABILITY e MATERIALS READILY AVAILABLE AT OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT I SELF-HEALING LEAKAGE I EARLY START TO IMPOUNDMENT I GOOD CHANCE OF INCORPORATING COFFERDAM(s) IN STRUCTURE - LAYOUT IMPROVED I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I EARTH -ROCK FILL ALTERNATiVE SUPPORTING EVIDENCE 1. LG 2 I CONCRETE FACE APPROXIMATELY 5% CHEAPER ~ CONSULTANTS· RECOMMENDED MANAGER STAY WITH PROVEN TYPE FOR SITE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS -NO PRECEDENT (PECK) 2. TABASARA I BOARD OF CONSULTANTS CONSIDERED 180 M PRUDENT MAXIMUM HEIGHT FOR CONCRETE FACE FILL DAM -15% HIGHER THAN MAXIMUM TO DATE. SEISMICITY-0.4 G (COOKEJ DEEREJ.MAC DONALD) I I I I~ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I USE CONCRETE FACE FILL DAM IF: I ,NO SUITABLE CORE MATERIALS AVAILABLE e HEIGHT WITHIN 10-20% OF PRECEDENT I CLIMATIC CONDITIONS VERY \~ET I RESERVOIR CAN BE DRAWN DOWN ECONOMICALLY I SLAB NOT EXPOSED TO SEVERE FREEZE-THAW CYCLES e EARLY IMPOUNDMENT NOT CRITICAL • CHEAPER THAN ALTERNATIVE(S)