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ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
SUSITNA HYRDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ARLIS
Alaska Resources
Library &InfonnatlOn Servtces
Anchorage.Alaska
Subtask 7.10
AQUATIC STUDieS PROCEDURES t-1ANUAL
P~ASE II -final Draft
-by-
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies
2207 Spenard Road
Anchorage,Alaska 99503
-for-
Acres American Incorporated
Liberty Bank Building,Main at Court
Buffalo,New York 14202
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.INTRODUCTION 1
Objective 1 2
Objective 2 5
Objective 3 5
Data Processing Objectives 6
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II.TECHNICAL PROCEDURES
ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERI ES STUDI ES ......•.............
Study Description And Rationale .
Sonar Counters .
Tag/Recapture .
Mainstem Survey .
Slough And Tributary Surveys .
Chinook Salmon Aerial Surveys .
Eul achon Surveys .
Bering Cisco .
Radio Tagging ..•.................................
Stock Separation .
RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Study Description And Rationale .
Study Design By Objective .
Su b-obj ect i ves And Study Des i gn .
Summary Of Objectives ..
Fish Distribution Study ..
Electrofishing And Tagging Surveys .
Radio Telemetry Studies .
Juvenile Incubation,Emergence,And
Outmigration Studies .
Food Habits Study Invertebrate And
Distribution Study .
Impoundment Area Studies .
Leve 1 of Effort .
AQUATIC ~ABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
Study Desc ri pt i on And Ra tiona 1e .
Scope By Geographical Reach Of The
Sus i tna Ri ver .
Scope Of FY-83 Program By Objective .
Administrative Structure And
Manpower Distribution .
Field Data Collection Work Plans
Lower River Fish Habitat Utilization .
Fish Habitat Electrofishing .
Instream Flow .
Upper River Fish Habitat Utilization .
Contingencies .
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42
45
47
50
52
55
57
58
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68
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84
-DATA PROCESSING
Work Pl an .
Data Base Management .
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96
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III.DATA PROCEDURES
A.ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Side Scan Sonar Operations 103
Tag/Recapture Operations 110
Mainstem Survey Operations 115
Slough And Tributary Surveys 115
Mainstem Set Netting .........................•...115
Bering Cisco Monitoring 116
Eulachon Survey Operation 116
B.RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Data Forms 127
Specific Data To Be Collected....................140
Report Format 141
C.AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
Data Forms 143
Data Transfer .................•..................153
IV.QUALITY CONTROL
Adult Anadromous Fisheries Studies....................154
Resident And Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries Studies 154
Aquatic Habitat And Instream Flow Studies 155
Data Routing..........................................156
V.REPORT SCHEDULE 157
VI.PERSONNEL 161
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VII.LITERATURE CITED
APPENDICES
I.Sonar Installation And Operation Manual
II.Oscilloscope Operation
III.Fishwheel Operation
IV.Fish Tagging
V.Electro-Shocking (Addended)
VI.Habitat Site Locations
VII.RJ Sampling Techniques
VIII.AH Instruction Manuals
XI.FY-83 Data Form Coding And Instructions
164
I.INTRODUCTION
The Susitna River,Southcentral Alaska's major river system,drains into
Cook Inlet near the City of Anchorage (Figure I).The drainage encompasses
19,400 square miles and extends north to Mt.Denali an~east almost to the
town of Glenallen.The mainstem river and its major tributaries are of
glacial origin and carry a heavy silt load during ice-free months.Many of
the smaller tributaries are perennially silt-free.
Construction of hydroelectric dams will affect portions of the fish and
wildlife resources of the Susitna River basin.The two-dam system proposed
would inundate in excess of 50,500 acres of aquatic and terrestrial habitat
ups team of Devil Canyon.Hi storica 11y,the long and short term
env'ironmental 'impacts of hydroelectric dams have adversely altered the
sport and commercial fisheries of affected drainages (Baxter and Glaude,
1980;Hagen et.al.,1973;Hocutt,et.al.,1980;Keller,1980;Ward and
Stanford,1979).Regulation of the mainstem river will substantially alter
the natural flow regime downstream.The transmission line corridor,
substations,road corridor,and constructi on pad sites wi 11 also impact
aquatic and terrestrial communities and their habitat.
The proposed hydroelectric development necessitates galnlng a thorough
knowledge of its chemical,physical and biological parameters and their
seasonal relationships to discharge prior to final dam design approval and
construction authorization.Prel'iminary environmental assessments of the
project noted defi ci enci.es in the state of knowl edge of the Sus itna Ri ver
drainage fisheries (FWS-ADF&fJ,1978).
The extensive studies being carri.ed out by the Alaska Department of Fish
and fJame's Su Hydro Aquatic Studies ream entail the collection of large
quantities of field data concerned with the distribution and abundance of
fish populations,and the aquatic habitat as-sociat.ed with these fish
populations in the Susitna River drainage to be impacted by the proposed
hydropower development.The Data Processing Support Unit of the study team
was created to provide the expertise and manpower necessary to catalog,
summarize,analyze,and manage these data.
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To insure adequate information is available to determine the impacts of the
proposed hydroelectric project and to design proper mitigative strategies,
a two-phase data collection program has been developed.This manual
addresses Phase I (July 1,1980-December 31.1981)procedures to be
conducted within those study areas outlined in Figure 2.Modification
(e.g.revisions,deletions,additions,or corrections)to the program over
the life of the study into Phase II will be addressed in addendums to this
manual.
The following basic objectives are to be addressed in the Phase I field
fisheries studies.
OBJECTIVE 1
Task 1.1
Task 1.2
Task 1.3
Task 1.4
Determine the seasonal distribution and relative abundance
of adult anadromous fi sh popul ati ons produced within the
study area.
Enumerate and characterize the runs of the adult anadromous
fish.
Determine the timing and nature of migration,milling and
spawning activities.
Identify spawning locations within the study area (i.e.,
subreaches of the mainstem sloughs and side channels,
tributary confluences,lakes and ponds,etc.)and estimate
their comparative importance.
Identify and determine methods,means and the feasibility of
estimating the Susitna River contribution to the Cook Inlet
commerical fishery.
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Drainage Boundary
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Fi q u rp.1.Susitna River Aasin (approximate scale 1:2,200,000)
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~1981 Open Waler Study Area
~1980-1981 Winter Study Area
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I I River Drainage Study Area
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SUSITNA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN
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Fi gu re 2.Phase II study areas,Susitna River basin.
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OBJECTIVE 2
Task 2.1
Task 2.2
OBJECTIVE 3
Task 3.1
Task 3.2
Determine the seasonal distribution and relative abundance
of selected resident and juvenile anadromous fish
populations within the study area.
Identify spawning and rearing locations of the resident
species and the rearing locations of juvenile anadromous
species to estimate their comparative importance.
Record descriptive information on captured fish (species,
location of capture site,age class),and discuss seasonal
migration patterns of selected adult resident species.
Characterize the seasonal habitat requirements of selected
anadromous and resident species within the study area and
their relationship with the mainstem.river discharge.
Identify the physical and chemical conditions which appear
to be influencing the suitability of various habitat types
for the species and life history stages of interest .
Characterize the physical and chemical parameters of the
various seasonal habitat types found in the study area as
they relate to mainstem discharge.
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To meet the above objectives,the study program is separated into three
sections;Adult Anadromous Fisheries,Resident and Juvenile Anadromous
Fisheries,and Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Studies.The operations
of the Anadromous Adult and Resident and Juvenile Anadromous field
investigations will be interrelated and conducted in cooperation with
Aquati c Habi tat and Instream Flow studi es.The specifi c procedures for
completion of each section of the program are describ~d in this manual .
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The objectives of the Data Processing Support Unit of the ADF&G Su Hydro
Aquatic Studies Team remain seperate from the field study program.The
objectivies of this unit are:
OBJECTIVE I
Task 1.1
Task 1.2
Task 1.3
Task 1.4
Task 1.5
Task 1.6
Task 1.7
Provide data processing and data base systems management
support to the field program elements.The tasks under this
objective are:
Computerization of all data collected in the field studies,
this computerization into retrievable data base systems
allows for easy and accurate retrieval of data for analysis
and summarization.
Development and mainteance of a computer-based data base
management system.
Production of summary report tables and computer plotted
graphics,with simple univariate statistics (e.g.minimums,
maximums,means,and confidence intervals).
Programming and execution of programs to provide computer
quality execution of statistical analyses.
Provide nunerical and statistical analyses of scientific
and technical data collected by the field program elements.
Provide advice on experimental sampling design of the
field study programs,to ensure that the field studies will
yield the type and quantity of data needed to meet their
objectives.
Provide biometric evaluation of the study team1s
scientific reports,to ensure that all conclusions are
founded upon sound stati sti ca 1 ana lyses and i nterpretati on
of the collected field data.
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II.TECHNICAL PROCEDURES
A.ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Study Description and Rationale
Three principal methods will be used to ascertain distribution,abundance,
timing and migrational activity of adult anadromous salmon in the study
area (Tasks 1.1 and 1.2).They are:(1)side scan sonar (SSS)counters,
(2)tag and recapture with fishwheels and (3)aerial surveys.The SSS are
expected to accurately monitor sockeye and pink salmon escapement,and be
reasonably effective on chum and coho salmon.Tag and recapture operations
using fishwheels should effectively establish timing and escapement of
chinook,sockeye,pink,chum and coho salmon.Aerial surveys will also
provide,escapement data and distribution information on chinook salmon.
Electroshocking and other various sampling gear will be used on the Susitna
River mainstem and subreaches (sloughs,side channels and tributary
confluences)along with ground and waterbourne surveys to define the extent
of anadromous fish spawning activity (Task L3).Radio tagging will also
be conducted to gather specific information on the migrational behavior,
timing and spawning locations of chinook,coho and chum salmon in the upper
Susitna River,principally between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon (Tasks 1.2
and 1.3).
For the Bering cisco,fishwheels and electrofishing equipment will be used
to define migrational abundance,timing and spawning activity (Tasks 1.1 -
1.3).Eulachon will be monitored for relative abundance,timing and
migrational characteristics by the use of set nets and electrofishing gear
(Tasks 1.1,-1.3).
Lastly,standard scale pattern analysis techniques will be used to define
the separatabil ity of Susitna River spawning sockeye salmon stocks north-of
Talkeetna from two major sockeye salmon stocks in the Talkeetna and
Chulitna rivers (Task 1.1).
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1-Sonar Counters
Operation Periods:
Fiel d operations for mainstem enumeration with si de scanni ng sonar (SSS)
counters will begin and terminate on the following dates:
Methods:
Susitna Station
Yentna Station
Sunshine Station
Talkeetna Station
1 July to 5 September
1 July to 5 September
7 July to 12 September
7 July to 14 September
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Two Bendix SSS counters will be deployed at each mainstem station,one off
each river bank.These counters will be operated by trained personnel in
accordance with the 1980 Side Scan Counter Installation and Operation
Manual,Bendix Corporation (Appendix 1).
Counter accuracy wi 11 .be monitored four or more times daily by hand
tallying fish related echos displayed on an oscilloscope (Appendix II).
The ratio of visual counts to SSS counts will be used to adjust the counter
as defined in the above cited manual.
A fishwheel will be operated daily in the immediate vicinity of each SSS
counter to provide species composition data for apportioning SSS counts.
The fishwheel will be sited so that its presence does not conflict or bias
sonar counter performance.
Each sonar crew in addition to other duties will collect age,length and
sex data (III Data Procedures)from daily fishwheel interceptions:
Chinook Salmon:Age,sex and length samples from all
chinook salmon.
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Sockeye Salmon:Age,length and sex samples from 40 fisn daily,
except that at Talkeetna Station where all
sockeye salmon will be sampled for age,length
and sex data.
Pink Salmon:Length and sex samples from 40 fish daily.
Chum Salmon:Age,length and sex samples from 20 fish daily.
Coho Salmon:Age,length and sex samples from 20 fish daily.
The number of fish sampled for age,sex and length data is adequate to
define escapement characteristics and variabil ity based on previous ADF&G
Susitna River investigations.Age samples will not be collected from pink
salmon due to there being only one age class apparent in the adult return.
Sonar counts and attendant data will be forwarded to the Anchorage office
every two weeks.
Tag/Recapture
Operation Periods:
Field operations for tag/recapture projects will begin and end on the
following dates:
Sunshine Station
Talkeetna Station
Curry Station
7 June to 12 September
7 June to 14 September
10 June to 18 September
Methods:
Fishwheels will be operated continously,24 hours per day,at each sampling
station.Two fishwheels will be deployed on each side of the Susitna River
at Sunshine and Talkeetna stations.At Curry Station,a single fishwheel
will be operated off each bank.Fishwheel design is described in the Phase
I ADF&G/Su Hydro Adult Anadromous Report (1981)and operation is described
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in Appendix III.Each fishwheel will be checked five or more times daily
for catch and required maintenance.All adult salmon will be tagged and
re'leased with the exception that at Sunshine Station and Curry Station 90
percent and 50 percent respectively of the daily pink salmon catch will be
released without being tagged.Tagging procedures are defined in Appendix
IV.Tag type and color by sampling station and species are defined below:
Sunshine Station
Chinook Salmon
Sockeye Salmon
Pink Salmon
Chum Salmon
Coho Salmon
Tag
Type Color
1"dia.Petersen Disc White
FT -4 Spaghetti Int.Orange
FT -4 Spaghetti-Int.Orange
FT-4 Spaghetti Int.Orange
FT-4 Spaghetti Int.Orange
Talkeetna Station
Chinook Salmon
Sockeye Salmon
Pink Salmon
Chum Salmon
Coho Salmon
1"dia.Petersen Disc
FT-4 Spaghetti
FT-4 Spaghetti
FT-4 Spaghetti
FT-4 Spaghetti
Yell ow
Yell ow
Yellow
Yell ow
Yell ow
Curry Station
Chinook Salmon
Sockeye Salmon
Pink Salmon
Chum Salmon
Coho Salmon
1"dia.Petersen Disc Int.Orange
111 dia.Petersen Disc Int.Orange
1"dia.Petersen Disc Int.Orange
1"dia.Petersen Disc Int.Orange
1"dia.Petersen Disc Int.Orange
All tags will be consecutively numbered by respective color code.
Fish recaptured at upstream tagging 1ocati ons wi 11 be rel eased foll owi ng
species identification,and recording of tag type,color and number (III
Data Procedures).
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The taggi ng crew at Curry Stati on wi 11 also collect age,1ength and sex
data (III Data Procedures)for each species as follows:
Chinook Salmon:All chinook salmon will be sampled for age,sex and
length.
Sockeye Salmon:All sockeye salmon will be sampled for age,sex and
length.
Chum Salmon:Age,length and sex samples from 20 fish daily.
Coho Salmon:Age,length and sex samples from 20 fish daily.
Pink Salmon:Length and sex samples from 40 fish daily.
The Sunshine and Talkeetna Station tagging crews will be responsible for
collecting adult salmon age,length and sex samples as defined in the
methods section under sonar monitoring until such time as the ~onar
installations are operating.
All non-adult salmon interceptions in the fishwheels will be identified by
species and recorded in the Daily Fishwheel Catch Log form (III Data
Procedures).
Tag and recapture data will be forwarded to the Anchorage offi ce every two
weeks.
Mainstem Surveys
Operation Period and Survey Reach:
Field operations for identifying Susitna River mainstem spawning areas will
begin and end on the following dates:
Susitna Station Survey crew
Sunshine Survey crew
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1 August to 1 October
1 August to 7 October
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Talkeetna Survey crew 7 August to 7 October
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The geographic area of responsibility for each crew is:
Susitna Station Survey -Estuary to Kashwitna River
Sunshine Survey -Kashwitna River to Talkeetna
Talkeetna Survey -Talkeetna to Devil Canyon
The Susitna Station crew will perform mainstem surveys six days a week
during the survey period.Talkeetna Station and Sunshi ne Stati on survey
crews will sample the mainstem for spawning fish five days a week
throughout the survey period.
Additionally,the Talkeetna and Sunshine Survey crews will cooperatively
conduct tag and recapture surveys on selected tributaries below RM 99 as
listed:
SPAWNING AREA RIVER MILE SAMPLING PERIOD SURVEY FREQUENCY
-Birch Creek 88.4 8/7 8/25 weekly-
9/15 -9/28 we~kly
Fish Creek 97.1 8/15 -8/28 weekly
Byers Creek 97.8 8/21 9/7 weekly
Troublesome Creek 97.8 8/27 -9/15 weekly
Answer Creek 84.1 9/15 -9/28 weekly
Question Creek 84.1 9/15 -9/28 weekly
Cache Creek 95.4 9/15 -9/28 weekly
Swan Creek 97.8 9/21 -9/28 once
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Methods:
The following gear will be used to determine the presence of mainstem
spawning:
1.Electroshockers
2.Drift gillnets
3.Egg deposition pump
Each mainstem survey crew will be assigned a 20 foot river boat powered by
a 75 h.p.engine with a jet unit.
Mainstem survey crews will assess mainstem spawning in the three sections
of river primarily using electroshocking equipment.The variabil ity of
habitat to be sampled both between and within the three sections
necessitates the use of two electrode systems.A mobile electrode system
will be used when electroshocking in areas of restricted boat
maneuverabi 1ity,and a stationary or boom electrode system,with a larger
shocking fiel.d,.will be used in areas of unrestricted boat maneuverability.
Specifi c operational and safety procedures are outl ined in Appendix V.
Catch data will be recorded on the appropriate forms (III Data Procedures).
Salmon caught by electroshocking wil)not be assumed spawning at the catch
location unless all of the following criteria are met:
1.Fish exhibits spawning maturation colors and morphology.
2.Fish expells eggs or milt when slight pressure is
exerted on the abdomen.
3.Fish is in vigorous condition,with 25 percent or more
of the eggs or milt remaining in the body cavity .
4.Additional electroshocking effort produces fish meeting
criteria 1 through 3 above.
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All adult non-anadromous species caught,will be identified,sampled for
length and sex,and tagged.Tagging methods are outlined in the Resident
and Juvenile methods section of this Procedures Manual.
Drift gillnets will be used as contingency gear in the event of an
electrical malfunction to the electroshocking units.If used,drift
gillnets will be fished in the mainstem by extending the net out
perpendicular to the river channel,with the outside end of the float-line
attached to a buoy and the other fixed to the boat.Mainstem areas fished
by this method should be substantially free of surface and subsurface
debris and shallow enough to allow the net to reach within a foot (or less)
of the bottom.The same criteria outlined under electroshocking will be
used to ascertain whether gillnet captured fish are spawning at the catch
location.Catch data will be recorded on the appropriate sampling form
(III Data Procedures).
Where water depth allows,suspected mainstem spawning areas will be sampled
for egg deposition.A backpack mounted water pump and two circular
standing screen cod end nets 18 inches in diameter will be used to sample
the river bed.Equipment operating procedures will be demonstrated in the
field.Results will be recorded on the appropriate sampling form (III Data
Procedu res). .
Mainstem survey crews will be comprised of one member from each project
(Adult Anadromous (AA),Resident and Juvenile (RJ)and Aquatic Habitat
(AH))..In addition to AA assessment of mainstem spawning,survey crews
will be addressing RJ and AH project objectives.These objectives are
outlined in the RJ and AH technical procedures .
Slough and Tributary Surveys
Operation Period and Survey Reach:
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A crew will survey weekly all known and suspected anadromous fish spawning
sloughs and tdbutaries between RM 99 and Devil Canyon from 3 August to 7
October.The crew will base their operation from Gold Creek Station.
Sloughs w·ill be surveyed in their entirety and tributary streams will be
surveyed from their confluence with the Susitna River mainstem to survey
distance outlined in the following chart:
TRIBUTARY STREAM RIVER MILE SURVEY DISTANCES (MILES)
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Whiskers Creek 101.4 0.5
Chase Creek 106.4 0.75
j Gash Creek 111.6 0.75
.!Lane Creek 113.6 0.5~Pll
Lower McKenzie Creek 116.2 0.5
McKenzi e Creek 116.7 0.5
Dead Horse Creek 120.9 0.5
5th July Creek 123.7 0.25
Skull Creek 124.7 0.25
Sherman Creek 130.8 0.25
.J,..4th July Creek 131.0 0.25
Gold Creek 136.7 0.25
Indian River 138.6 1.0
Jack Long Creek 144.5 0.25
Portage Creek 148.9 0.25
Once weekly from 7 August to 7 September,the Gold Creek survey crew will
fish a set gill net for two hours off each bank of the Susitna River
between a point one mile upstream of Portage Creek and Devil Canyon.
Methods:
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Sloughs (spring fed)and tributary streams listed in the preceding section
will be surveyed on foot in their entirety except as indicated.Stream
surveyors will wear polarized glasses and use hand-held tally counters to
record 1ive tagged and untagged adult salmon and carcasses.Survey data
will be recorded on the appropriate forms (III Data Procedures)and
forwarded to the Anchorage office every two weeks.
Set nets used to sample the river reach between Devil Canyon and a point
one mile upstream of Portage Creek w·ill be uniform and will be fished
perpend i cu 1ar to the ri ver channe 1 from the shore.Each net wi 11 be 50
feet long,5 feet deep,and have a stretched mesh size of 5.2 inch.Set
net locations are shown in Appendix III.Catch information will be
recorded on the appropriate form (III Data Procedures).
Chinook Salmon Aerial Surveys
Operation Period And Survey Reach:
Chinook salmon escapement surveys will be conducted on known and suspected
spawning tributaries between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon between 21 July and
7 August by the Adult Anadromous Project Leader or his assistant.
Additionally,surveys will be conducted drainage wide if survey data
normally collected by Region II ADF&G Sport Fish Division and shared with
the Su Hydro project is not collected.
Methods:
Chinook salmon surveys will be conducted via helicopter.The observer will
wear polarized glasses and use tally counters to enumerate live and dead
chinook salmon.Survey data will be recorded on the appropriate form (III
Data Procedures).
Eulachon Survey
Operation Period and Survey Reach:
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Field activities will
approximately)and will
approximately).
begin immediately following ice-out (15 May,
terminate at the completion of spawning (10 June,
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Survey reach will extend from the intertidal estuary to the upper spawning
limits (Kashwitna River confluence,approximately)
Methods:
A standard set gill net (1.5 inch stretch mesh,25 ft long,S feet deep)
will be fished at two field selected sites in the Susitna River estuary
every th i rd high tide for the fi rst seven days and thereafter,every fi fth
high tide except when the fifth high tide occurs during non-day light hours
wherein the preceding high tide will be considered the frequency end and
will be fished accordingly.
Fishing time will be monitored to the nearest minutemand shall extend to
thirty minutes on each set except when observation indicates a 300 plus
eu1achon catch at which time fishing will be discontinued until the next
scheduled fishing tide.
The two field selected set net sites will be fished independently and
repetitively in the same order.Fishing time at the first slte will begin
45 minutes prior to high tide and at the second site,15 minutes following
high tide.Daily high tides in the Susitna River estuary will be
determined by applying a minus 36 minute correction factor to the 1982 high
tide table for the Anchorage District (U.S.Coast Guard,1982).
An e1ectroshocking boat will be operated on the Susitna River from the
estuary (RM 6)to the upper limit of migration (RM 60,approximately)to
define spawning areas.This boat will be operated daily when the sampling
crew is not involved in set net related duties in the estuary.Specific
operation and safety procedures on the e1ectroshocking gear are outlined in
Appendix V.Eulachon intercepted by e1ectroshocking gear wi 11 not be
assumed spawning at a catch location unless all of the following criteria
are met:
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j l.Fish are freely expelling eggs or milt.
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2.Fish are in vigorous free-swimming condition..'~I
3.Twenty or more fish are caught in the initial or subsequent
site sampling effort which meet criteria 1 through 2 above.
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One hundred eulachon will be sampled daily from the electroshockingcatch
to determine sex ratio.Morphological characteristics (and if necessary
internal examination)will be used to determine sex.Ten age (two otoliths
per fish),weight (0.1g)and length (snout to fork of tail)samples per sex
will aJso be collected daily.Otolith collection procedures will be
demonstrated in the field by the AA Project Leader or his assistant.
Set netting,AWL and electroshocking data will be recorded as defined on
the appropriate forms (III Data Procedures)and transferred to the
Anchorage office every two weeks.
Bering Cisco
Operation Period:
Investigations will be conducted at Susitna,Yentna and Sunshine stations
in conjuction with scheduled adult salmon sampling activities.
Additionally at Sunshine Station,the lower east bank fishwheel will be
operated to 26 September;14 days beyond the close of the sonar and tagging
operation.
Timing of mainstem spawning surveys on Bering Cisco will be identical to
that defined in the previous section titled:Mainstem Surveys
Methods:
Mainstem sampling stations will use fishwheels to intercept adult upstream
mi grant Beri ng Ci sco.Catches wi 11 be recorded on the Daily Fi shwhee 1
Catch Log form (III Data Procedures).Twenty age (scale)and length
-18-
(tip-of-snout to fork-of-tail)samples will be collected daily at each
mainstem station.
Mainstem spawning areas will be surveyed by the three survey crews outlined
in the previous section under Mainstem Surveys in this Procedures Manual .
These crews will identify mainstem Bering Cisco spawning areas by the
cri teri a and methodology used for adult salmon in the above'referenced
section of this manual.
Radio Tagging
Operation Dates and Survey Reach:
Field investigations will begin
approximately.Attention will ,focus
(RM 98)and Devil Canyon (RM 150).
16 June and terminate 1 October,
in the river reach between Talkeetna
Methods:
Project personnel will radio tag approximately 48 adult salmon (16 chlnook,
16 coho,and 16 chum salmon)and monitor their migrational movement to
completion of spawning.Radio tagging will be conducted at both Talkeetna
and Curry stations with equal emphasis on each location.Fish will be
intercepted by fishwheels operating at these as defined below:
Species Number Tagged
Talkeetna Station Curry Station
Tagging
Period
Chinook
Chum
Coho
8
8
8
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8
8
8
15 June -15 July
15 July - 7 Sept.
15 July - 7 Sept.
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All tags used will be low frequency (40 MHz)and will have a life
expectency of 90 days or more,with a reception distance of not less than
one mile.
There will be no attempt to bias selection of radio fish other than no fish
will be tagged with a transmitter that has been tagged previously with
either Floy or Petersen disc tag or is'lethargic or shows any external
lnJury.Once a fish has been selected it will be transferred to a water
tight box containing a fish anesthetic.The fish will be ready to tag
within about two minutes .
The cigar-shaped radio transmitter to be used is next tested for signal
reception in water.Then,it is coated with water soluble glycerin,and
with the help of plexiglass tubes,is slid through the mouth and esophagus
into the stomach.Prior to release of the fish,the transmitter is tested
again.The salmon is gently transferred to the river near shore,where it
is held until it forcefully swims away.Preliminary tracking will commence
from a boat.
When several fish have been tagged and released,periodic boat trips and
flights will commence to document their new locations.In this study,boat
tracking will occur at least three times weekly.Two tracking flights will
also be made per week (weather permitting),with fixed wing aircraft and/or
helicopters.Both manual and scanning radio receivers will be used.From
the radio tracking equipped boat,fish will be pinpointed to ±20 feet of
their actual locations.
Data will be recorded on the appropriate froms (III Data Procedures)and
will be forwarded to the Anchorage office every two weeks.
Stock Separation
Operation Dates:
-20-
Field operations will begin 1 July and terminate 7 September.Scale
reading data analysis performed by the Department's Stock Separation
Section will begin 1 October and finish 1 December,approximately.
Methods:
Forty sockeye salmon will be sampled for age,length and sex daily at
F.R.E.D.Division weirs at Byers (Chulitna River)and Larson (Talkeetna)
lakes for a targeted sample size of 500 per weir site (III Data
Procedures).Age sampl ing will entail removal of two scales from the
Jlpreferred zonel/of each fi sh;1ength measurements wi 11 be taken from mi d
eye to fork-of-ta"il;sex determination will be ascertained by morphological
evaluation.
As previously outlined in this Procedures Manual,Talkeetna and Curry
stations staff will collect an age,length and sex sample from all sockeye
salmon intercepted by the fishwheels operating at these sites.
Samples collected at Larson Lake,Byers Lake,Talkeetna Station,and Curry
Stations will be analyzed by the Department's Stock Separation Section
using standard separability techniques.
-21-
B.RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
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Study Description and Rationale
The proposed work plan for the 1982-83 fiscal year provided a basic outline
of the field components proposed for the upcoming field season.Much of
this work is a continuation of the program implemented in 1981 and is
currently continuing through the 1982 season.This section will further
describe the purpose of these studies and the rationale behind the approach
proposed for this coming field season.
Study Design by Objective
The overall scope of the studies relative to the major objectives for the
Resident and Juvenile addended program are:
1.Define the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of
resident and juvenile anadromous fish and estimate the
comparative value of the habitats utilized by each group.
2.Characterize the seasonal habitat requirements of selected
juvenile anadromous and resident species within the study area.
The following section addresses sub-objectives and the experimental design
component necessary to comprete the general objectives outlined.In
addition,the field study is outlined along with the analytical approach to
be used in the preparation of reports.
Sub-objectives and Study Design
The reach of river between the Chulitna confluence and Devil Canyon and the
reach between the Chulitna confluence and Cook Inlet estuary will
experi ence seasonal di scharge,water qual ity,and temperature changes to
different degrees as the hydro-electric project is developed.However,in
determining the baseline resources of these lower reaches of the river the
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same basic approach for the distribution and abundance surveys will be used
as similar questions are being addre~sed.
The objectives identified are broken down into specific sub-objectives.In
cases where parti cul ar questi ons are bei ng addressed,the study
sub-objective is further broken down into questions.In those instances
when the primary goal is to collect basel ine data to determine the resource
base that may be impacted by the project,the study can be i dentifi ed
totally within the sub-objective.Each of the sub-objectives are
identified and discussed by number.
1.Quantify the relative use of the different major habitat types
over a seasonal basis in the reaches of river below Devil Canyon
and the Chulitna confluence.
2.Determine,and estimate their relative importance of the factors
which influence the use of these habitat locations and the
distribution of fish within these habitats.
Within the framework of sub-objectives 1 and 2,the following questions
will be addressed:
Is the distribution and abundance of the selected fish species
affected by natural occurring variations in the hydraulic
•conditions within each of these habitats?
Are factors other than hydraulics dominating the distribution and
abundance of fish at these sites?
To address these questions the following study plan will be employed.
Each of the habitat locations that are associated with a slough or
tributary can be divided into several hydraulic zones.These zones can be
identified by direct observation into the following categories:
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•
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1.Areas that have.direct flow from tributaries,ground water,or
rna i nstem overt"l ow,with no i nfl uence of backwater from the
mainstem Susitna.
2.Areas that are backwater conditions created by elevated stages of
the mainstem Susitna.At certain tributary mouths and during low
di scharges of the Susitna,these areas wi 11 be very 1imited or
non-existent.
The relative value of each of these zones will be measured by collection of
field data that will provide estimates of relative populations of juvenile
or resident fish within'these zones over a limited time period.The
experimental design includes the following assumptions;one,that
populations of resident and juvenile fish using these habitats are
transient populations over a seasonal period but remain .co,nstant for the
duration of a single sampling period;and two,that the sampling methods
employed are equally effective among the zones and refl ect the rel ative
abundance of the species within the zones.
3.Areas that are characterized as
tributary/slough where surface velocity
by the mainstem flow.
mixing zones of the
is principally influenced
-
To test if the fish distribution and abundance are affected by hydraul ic
conditions rather than other variables of the habitat,other measurements
will be recorded at each site and the observations and opinions of the
field biologists will be used to determine the validity of the experimental
design.Other variables to be recorded include temperature,turbidity,
substrate,cover,dissolved oxygen,and conductivity.The techniques to be
employed in the sampling procedure are outlined in the field sampling
sections for the distribution study,and the electrofishing study.
If differences in abundance of the sel ected speci es are measured between
these zones and it appears that other variables are not the factors
influencing this distribution,data collected in cooperation with Aquatic
Habitat personnel can relate the changes in surface area of the different
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zones to changes in the discharges of the mainstem Susitna.The surfa~e
area changes will be mapped on high resolution aerial photographs during
each sampling period.In addition,staff gages at the upper hydraulic zone
will provide an indication of the discharge in the slough or tributary at
different mainstem flows.Finally,readings from a staff gauge at the
mouth of the slough or tributary can be correlated to mainstem discharge to
provide information as to the relative depth at this location.
Analysls of the data will include a narrative description of the factors
that appear to i nfl uence the di stri buti on and abundance of juvenil e and
resident fish during different seasonal periods at each of the habitat
locations.Within a sampling location,the relative catch per unit effort
(CPUE)can be evaluated statistically to determine if significant
differences occur between the sampling zones,at any given time period.
The data will be converted to relative terms,rather than absolute numbers,
to compare the relative values of the different zones during different
sampling periods.Finally,the comparative value of the different sites
can be evaluated on a seasonal basis by evaluation of the overall CPUE
rates for each site.The surface a~e~of the different habitat components
at each location will be mapped and can be used to weight the CPUE data to
determine the overall importance of each of the sites.Deta i1s of data
analysis will be included in the data analysis section.
.-
3•Examine a wider range of habitats,not previously studied in both
the upper river (Above the Chulitna confluence)and in the lower
river.
.....
The distribution and abundance of resident and juvenile fish on the Susitna
River has had only one year of intensive investigation (1981).In order to
insure that an important component of the fisheries population has not been
overlooked,a portion of the field program will look at habitats not
previously sampled to determine if they contain significant populations of
fish.Emphasis will be placed on examining those areas that can be
affected by relatively small changes in streamflow rates and levels,
temperatures,or water quality parameters and that have,in the opinion of
the field biologist,potential for significant fisheries populations or
-25-
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habitat.Areas identified as having significant biological potential and
have the potential for being affected by changes in hydrology,temperature
or water qual ity,will be identified for further detailed investigations.
Sampling these components will involve the use of opportunistic gear by the
distribution study team and the use of the boat electroshocker.
All of the crews will record observations made while completing the
assigned activities and provide both narrative and quantitative data where
possible to support observations as to the relative importance of certain
areas and the sensitivity of these areas to environmental changes.
4.Determine the rate of development of eggs during incubation,and
the timing of emergence and outmigration of juvenile salmon and
resident species as a function of environmental conditions.
Thi s program is desi gned to provi de a data base that can be used to
evaluate the effect of changes in the environment after the project comes
on line,to these stages in the life cycle of the salmon.
After egg deposition,the relative survival rate of juvenile salmon is
determined by the habitat conditions,such as temperature and water quality
that are maintained in the redd.Cha~ges in these conditions may increase
mortal ity or alter the time of emergence so that juvenile salmon will
experience hostile conditions upon emergence and have significantly lower
rates of survival.
The rate of development of juvenile salmon under ambient conditions will be
studi ed in situ,whil e monitori ng simultaneously the envi ronmenta 1
conditions of these redds through the winter until emergence.
The outmigration timing of the juvenile salmon species in addition to the
downstream migration timing of resident juvenile species will be made by
use of a smolt trap operated above the Chulitna confluence.The smolt trap
will provide basic biological data to determine the relative condition and
stage of development of the species collected.
-26-
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The program outlined will provide answers to the following question:
What are the baseline conditions with regard to timing and
condition of outmigrating juvenile salmon and what are the
basel ine rates of development and emergence times of the early
life stages of Susitna River salmon?
In conjunction with temperature data acquisition efforts and field studies
of the Aquatic Habitat program,the following question can be addressed:
How do these development rates,emergence times,and outmigration
correlate with the natural changes in environmental conditions
measured?
The subsequent analysis of this data should provide some insight as to the
variability of the biological development and outmigrant behavior among the
different species and within a given species.
•
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This data base can subsequently be used to evaluate changes in development
that the various species and life stages may display as a result of changes
in the thermal conditions associated with the dam.
5.Determine the di stri bution and abundance of fisheri es resources
within the boundaries of the proposed impoundments.
The flooding of clearwater stream reaches,the mainstem Susitna,and nearby
lakes will dramatically alter the aquatic environment that presently
supports populations of resident fish.In order to assess the potential
loss of this resource and to determine the mitigation activities necessary,
the resource to be affected requires documentation to determine the nature
and extent of these populations and their dependence on particular habitat
conditions.
An active tag and recapture program was initiated during the 1981 field
season to provide an inventory of flsh populations within the impoundment
zone.This coming field season will provide an opportunity to more
-27-
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accurately estimate these popul ations,and to examine in further detail,
the very large potential habitat within the impoundment zone that did not
receive extensive study last year.The lower section of the clear water
tributaries will be sampled again for tag recovery.The mainstem Susitna
which was not sampled during the previous year,and at least one lake that
wi 11 be inundated by the impoundment,(1 oca lly named Sally Lake)wi 11 be
'sampled in more detail with the goal of obtaining a population estimate.
Sampl i ng by use of gi 11 nets or Fyke nets to provi de adequate sampl es for
tag and recapture estimates,or by the use of sonar equipment for survey
counts will be employed.
In general,tag recoveries should provide an estimate of intra-system
migration for the Arctic grayling tagged last year and some suggestion as
to the constancy of the populations involved in the clear water tributary
areas previously sampled.
To determine whether the reach of tributary immediately above the
impoundment zone will contain habitat similar to the habitat at the mouths
of the clear water tributaries,under present conditions,joint RJ and AH
personnel will provide brief surveys of this reach of the tributaries to
estimate relative abundance of fish present and to make compartive
evaluations of the habitat that will be present after the impoundment is
formed.The presence of barriers to fish passage or the inundation of
existing barri~rs will be noted.
--
...,.
During the winter season,the distribution and migration of grayling will
be monitored by use of radio telemetry.Previous efforts at overwinter
sampling have produced very limited results because of difficult sampling
conditions.Fish tagged during the fall will be monitored through the
winter season in order to determi ne overwi nteri ng areas,and to
subsequently follow spring migration and to identify spawning areas.
Current.i nformati on suggests that the fi sh spawn during ice out in the
spring necessitating such techniques to identify key spawning areas.
This informatfon should provide an indication of the dependency of the
grayling populations on the mainstem Susitna for overwintering,and provide
-28-
an indication of how critical this habitat is for the spawning and survival
of the tributary populations.
Data analysis w"ill consist of estimation of populations in the tributary
reaches,and evaluation of intrasystem movements using recaptured and radio
tagged fish.Spawning areas will be identified and the basic biological
data for all species collected will be summarized.New components of the
biological community or finding different from the 1981 studies will be
identified •
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~6.Determine the relative distribution of the invertebrate
populations and the fish food preference for selected species.
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Populations of juvenile chinook,coho,sockeye and chum salmon have been
sampled in various slough habitats in the Susitna River.Because of the
potential for dewatering these habitats and restricting the rearing habitat
for these species,a preliminary study will be conducted to determine the
relative distribution of the invertebrate communities and to determine
which components of these communities are important for juvenile fish.
Of particular interest is the community occupying slow moving waters in the
slough habitats in the spring that provide a food base for chum salmon
during their short fresh water rearing cycle.The invertebrate populations
that exist during the open water season that provide a food base for the
other salmon juveniles will also be studied.Because changes in the local
hydraulic conditions of these habitats may eliminate the food source,or
the fish may emerge earlier from the gravel because of elevated winter
water temperatures,the avaiTability and the relative importance of the
food source for these species will provide insight into the survival of the
species under post project conditions.In addition,examination of
mainstem and tributary habitat should provide some information with regard
to the overall distribution of these invertebrate species and an improved
understanding of the poss"ible distribution of invertebrates of the mainstem
under post project conditions.
-29-
The major goals of this study are to provide an initial preliminary
examination of the food base,its relative distribution,and the
selectivity of chinook,coho,and chum salmon juveniles with regard to
feeding habits.Depending upon the results of this initial investigation,
the study will be directed during the 1983 field season to determine
quantitive estimates of in the food base used by these species and to
examine if the flow regimes and water quality under post·project conditions
will provide an alternative food supply or possible enhancement of the
rearing potential of the system.
The study will be concentrated in the river reach above the Chul itna
confluence with invertebrate samples taken from representative sloughs
which have populations of rearing fish.Tributaries and mainstem sites
will also be sampled to provide a comparative base for understanding the
distribution of these populations.
The data will be analyzed by examination of the array of food items
available versus those consumed as determined by stomach content analysis.
This will be performed for each of the general habitat types.In addition
to the invertebrate populations,three of the different habitat types will
be compared.
Summary of Objectives
The previous discussion has outlined selected sub-objectives that the
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous studies will be addressing.In addition
to the activities listed,support will be provided to the Aquatic Habitat
and Instream Flow programs and the Adult Anadromous programs.As much of
the data coll ected from all three programs is necessary for each program
segment to address the objectives established,both exchange of information
and assistance on the various overlapping components of the study will be
conducted throughout the summer and during preparation of the reports.The
details of the analytical components will be addressed in the data analysis
section of this procedure manual.
Fish Distribution Study
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Methods:
The methods described reflect a change in emphasis from the 1981-82
sampling program from collection of broad based distribution and biological
data of resident and juvenile anadromous fisheries,to providing a more
detailed study of the populations and factors effecting their distribution
at a limited number of sites.
Critical habitat examined in the upper and lower river areas for juvenile
and resident fisheries include the mouths of selected tributaries,side
slough areas,and limited mainstem sites.Most frequently,these sites are
classified rather arbitrarily as there·is often a slough associated with
the mouth of a clear water tributary with the mainstem Susitna present at
the mouth of the sloughs.At higher water levels the slough often has
mainstem Susitna water flowing through the upper end and the slough
resembles a side channel of the mainstem Susitna.
Because of the transient nature of many of the populations of resident and
juvenile fish in the Susitna river,catch rates at many of these sites
reflect migratory behavior of the population present at any point in time.
In certain areas however,the population may have recently emerged from
spawning beds near the sites and are rearing near their natal areas.
In order to evaluate the relative importance of the sites,the hydraulic
conditions present at a sampling site have been classified into zones.The
zones reflect areas of different surface velocity or orgination of water
source in the case of tributaries.The zones are then sampled
independently so that comparisions can be made in the utilization and
importance of each of the zones as well as to cha racteri ze the phys i ca 1
changes in surface area,velocity,substrate,and other water quality
parameters of each of the zones over time.These changes can subsequently
be compared to the changes in discharge,water temperature,and water
quality of the mainstem Susitna.
Each of the sites have been classified into separate zones that are
illustrated in figure 1 as a typical example.The two separate
-31-
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illustrations depict a theoretical change in the spatial distribution of
the zones over time,and can be correlated with corresponding changes in
discharge,of the mainstem Susitna,tributary discharge,or ground water
discharge to the sites.The number of zones will vary at each site,
depending on the complexitity of the hydraul ic conditions that occur at
each site.
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-'"=_"'-e·~='''=.=o:::...;..;.-·
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FLOW
ZONE II •BACKWATER AREA
ZONE I •FREE FLOWING WATER
ZONE III •MIXING AREA
~-DIRECTION OF FLOW
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1
1
1
1
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1
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LOW FLOW
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Figure 1.Hypothetical map of hydraul ic zones of a typical 5usitna River
slough at high and low mainstem river discharge.
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Fisheries Data Collection Techniques:
Set gear to be used at each of the sites include the following:
1.Trotline
2~Five to 10 minnow traps.
The specific methods used in deploying this gear,are outlined in the
technical appendix.
Additional opportunistic gear will be employed on a site by site basis.
These will include beach seines,back pack electrofishing gear,set and
drift gill nets,fish traps,and hook and line sampling.The deployment of
this gear is also outlined in the technical appendix.
The use of the opportunistic gear will depend upon site conditions and will
be deployed to make observations as to the relative distribution of species
and age classes of fish not collected by the two methods.
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Standard biological measurements of the species will be made including
scale samples from representative subsamples of the collected species.All
adult resident species will be tagged and released,when possible,and
recaptured tagged fish will be recorded.Details of the data to be
recorded and field methods are included in the Data Procedures and the
technical appendix.
Physical Habitat Measurements:
At each site,the surface area of each of the hydraul ic zones will be
delineated with the date and time noted.Delineations will be on high
resolution aerial photographs or maps of the area.Time and date data will
be used later to determine the discharge of the mainstem of the reach of
river influencing the hydraulic conditions at the respective site.
Staff gages installed at each site will be recorded during each visit.
Details on staff gage installation and data analysis are addressed in the
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Aquatic Habitat procedures manual.These data will ultimately reflect the
distribution of velocities of the water column in each zone.
Also the velocities of each zone that represent the areas fished by the
minnow traps are estimated by a series of point measurements of velocities
with a vel oc ity meter.The a reas be i ng fi shed by the traps are
occas i ona llyexami ned by fl uorescene dye placed in the traps todetermi ne
the dispersion of the scent of the bait in the traps.A single
representative velocity is recorded for all of the replicate samples with
in each zone.Velocity measurements are recorded in a·ccordance within the
procedures outlined in the Aquatic Habitat procedures manual.
The dominant substrate within each zone that is associated with the area
fi shed by the minnow traps is recorded.If the substrate is compactly
embedded in finer material ,it is noted on the data form.Other comments on
substrate are included in the field data.
The turbidity is also measured in the area being fished by the minnow
traps.Other water qual ity parameters that are recorded for each zone
include dissolved oxygen,pH,conductivity,air and water temperature.
Details of these techniques are outlined in the Aquatic Habitat procedures
manual.
The zones are also characterized as to the relative amount of cover present
and type.The micro-habitat within the zones is to be sampled similarly
among the di fferent zones.When thi sis not poss ib1e he<:ause of the
presence or absence of different types of micro-habitat,such as cover,the
differences between the zones a re noted in the fi e1d notes.
Field Notes:
Because of the wi de di versity in characteri sti cs between the different
habitat locations being sampled,much of the interpretation of the data and
important information is not subject to standardized data collection
procedures.Therefore,the observations of the biologists and the
formul ati on of hypothes is as to the factors i nfl uenci ng the di stri bution
-35-
Detailed daily field notes to be kept will address at a minimum,the
fo 11 owi ng items:
and abundance of the important fish species in these areas will be
performed by the field biologists conducting the surveys.
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1.
2.
3.
Hydraulic conditions.
This will include preparation of a narrative that describes the
different zones and factors that affect the hydraulic conditions
and their distribution within each site.Changes between
sampling periods and other phenomena such as changes in channel
morphology caused by high water,or icing conditions will also be
recorded.A description as to how the changes in discharge of
the mainstem have affected the hydraulics of a site will also be
noted in general terms.Problems with the data base recorded or
keys to assist in its interpertation will also be noted.
Temperature,turbidity,and miscellaneous physical data.
This section will discuss any needed information in interpreting
the temperature data,turbi dity data,and cover or substrate
descriptions un the data sheets.Factors such as observed
upwell ing of ground water,unusual readings or other conditions
that depart from the expected and hypotheses as to the cause of
the anomalies will be described.Any other unusual physical
conditions that may affect the distribution and abundance of the
fisheries in the area will be included.
Biology.
This section will include any observations that are pertinent to
the objectives of this study with regard to the fisheries.
Observed fish,that were not collected and their distribution
within the zones and any additional intereptation required for
the collected specimens will be included.The narrative should
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also include departures in distribution from previous sampling
periods and new phemomena observed that are of particular
interest to the objectives of the study.Hypothesis as to the
factors that are,in the opinion of the field biologist,
influencing the abundance and distribution of the fisheries
within the area will be described.
The notes will be recorded so a continual journal of the events occuring at
a site through the open water season can be fall owed from one sampl i ng
period to another.The response of thefi sheri es and of the physical
conditi on withi n each site can be followed over time and can then be
described with regard to hydraulic changes that differ from sampling period
to sampling period.
Any other field notes that will assist in the interpetation of the data may
also be recorded during the sampling periods.These field notes will
provide the basis for preparation of the final reports on the fisheries of
these areas and the response of the fisheries to changes in habitat that
occur during the course of the field season.
Study Locations:
Tentative locations of the 1982/83 field season sampling program during the
open water period are outlined on the following map of the Susitna river.
(Figures 2 -4).These sites have been chosen to reflect the following
conditions.
1.Areas that will be affected by changes in discharge of the
mainstem Susitna.
r
2.Sites identified from previous studies to have significant
populations of resident and juvenile anadromous species.
-37-
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5C.AlE
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E3E:C=:JE33CEt=:L:==r=========:::J1
KEY
+Fleh DleUlbution Sit.
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Figure 2.Susitna River Resident and ,Juvenile Anadromous fish sampling
sites (Deshka River to Sunshine Creek),1982.
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KEY
+Fhh Olalrlbullon Site
SC ALE
5 0 5 Htl(SF··=r:~-r':~"""1..C:=:.====::.=.=:....:.::.--,:J
Figure 3.Susitna River Resident and Juvenile Anadromous fish sampling
sites (Birch Creek Slough to Gold Creek),1982.
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KEY
+Floh OIo',lbullon Sile
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1 5 0 5 HIL.E5
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Figure 4.Susitna River Resident and Juvenile Anadromous fish sampling
sites (Sherman to Portage Creek),1982
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3.Access to areas will not create severe logistic problems and
limit the overall scope of the studies.
4.Sites selected represent a cross section of critical habitat
available to resident and juvenile anadromous fish of the Susitna
River.
During the course of the field season,sites that have been selected may be
altered or new ones added if such action will help in meeting the overall
objectives of this investigation.
During the winter season,fish distrib~tion patterns change significantly.
The study sites planned for the coming winter will be more restrictive in
number with more intensive investigations conducted as to absolute
populations using certain areas.These sites will be based on observations
of the distribution this fall and upon.evaluation of previous years winter
data.These sites will also meet the previously listed criteria.
Schedule of Activities and Frequency of Sampling:
Each of the habitat locations being sampled will be revisted on twice a
month schedule,commencing during the first week in June,up until
freeze-up.This will provide about eight to 10 sampling periods for each
site.During the ice covered period,the sampling program will be limited
to a smaller number of sites and a once per month schedule employed.
Intensive sampling with the use of a variety of techniques will be employed
during this period.
Processing of data will be an ong0ing activity during the sampling period
with data analysis,summarization,and report preparation commencing
immediately after freeze-up.Field trip reports will be completed
immediately after each sampling trip and will be limited to highlighting
the findings of each sampling trip.Data forms will be reviewed and
submitted to the data processing unit immediately upon completion of each
sampl ing trip for entry into the project computer data base.The draft
report will be completed by the 30th of January 1983.
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[-_...
Contingencies or Alternatives:
During the course of the summer field program,alternative methods for
sampling or changes in study sites will be employed when it has been
determined that the overall objectives of the fish distribution study can
be best met through modifi cati ons of the exi sti ng program.On occasion,
limited,one time experiments will be performed to test the limitations of
sampling methods,or hypotheses as to the validity of assumptions regarding
the importance of selected factors affecting the distribution and abundance
of species.In addition,examination of additional selected sites will be
performed on a limited basis when answers to specific questions regarding
how important a s.ite is for a species or other information regarding the
overall objectives can be obtained with minimal additional effort.
Examples of such alternative studies include determination of,the catch
rate of minnow traps over a 24 hour set period;examination of the
distribution of rearing coho or sockeye in the Gash Creek -Lake area,and
noting and mapping the wetted area and dewatering of habitat locations
beyond those included in the sampling program.Such incidental studies
will be used to provide additional information for addressing the overall
objectives of the planned investigation.
Electrofishing and Tagging Surveys
Three electrofishing boats will be utilized to conduct electrofishing on
the Susitna River,between Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon from ice out to
freeze-up,1982.
During cooperative studies among the various project segments,the
electrofishing boats will each be assigned to a defined reach of the river.
Two or three Aquatic Hab,tat,Resident Juvenile and Adult Anadromous
biologists will be assigned to each electrofishing crew,with possible
exchanging of personnel.Field stations will be located at Yentna,
Sunshine,Talkeetna,and Gold Creek.
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.,
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Electrofishing will also be used to collect adult resident fish in the
lower Susitna River during August and September for implantation of radio
tags in conjunction with the Radio Telemetry Study .
Methods:
Using the boat mounted electroshocker,adult resident fish and juvenire
fish will be systematically collected.Each specimen will be identified,
measured for fork length,(or total length for juvenile salmon),tagged and
then released.The sex will be recorded and a scale sample will also be
collected,for adult specimens.
Scales will be taken from a subsample of each species of resident and
juveni 1e anadromous fi sh caught duri ng each sampl i ng day.The subsampl e
will consist of the first 20 fish of eac~species and 10 percent of those
fish of each species thereafter.
Field notes will be recorded daily to document factors which influence the
distribution and abundance of these species.
During 1981,1,550 adult resident fish were tagged with Floy anchor and
disk dangler tags between Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon.In addition,713
Bering cisco were also tagged with Floy anchor tags.
During 1982 emphasis will be placed on tagging more fish than was tagged in
1981.This will be accomplished primarily by the addition,of three crews
using electrofishing boats to capture more fish and put out a greater
number of tags.
Tagging of adult resident fish will be accomplished by the following means:
1.Resident and Juvenile Anadromous fish distribution studies.
2.Study team using electroshocking boats.
3.Catches by fishwheel operations.
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Two types of tags will be utilized,Floy anchor and disk dangler.Resident
adult speci es to be Floy anchor tagged are humpback and round whitefi sh,
longnose suckers,rainbow trout,Arctic grayling,and Dolly Varden.Burbot
will be disk dangler or Floy anchor tagged.
All adult resident fish that appear to have successfully recovered from the
effects of capture and are longer than a minimum-'size will be tagged.
Minimum fork length for adult resident fish to be Floy tagged will be
150 mm.The m-inimull1 total length of burbot to be disk dangler or Floy
tagged will be 225 mm.
Floy anchor tags wi 11 be inserted by a Floy taggi ng gun into the adult
resident fish between the lateral line and the posterior ray of the dorsal
fin.Tagging of burbot will be accomplished with a disk dangler type tag
us i ng methods descri bed by Mauney,(1965)and Rounsefe 11 ,(1963).
Insertion of the disk dangler tag will be between the dorsal fin and the
lateral line in the posterior 20 percent of the burbot.Abbreviated
instructions for the attaching the disc dangler are in the Appendix IV .
•
Recovery of tags placed on adult resident fish will be accomplished by the
fo 11 owi ng means:
1.Resident and Juvenile Anadromous distribution studies.
2.Electrofishing boats.
3.The angling public will be requested to return recovered tags or
report the tag number to Fish and Game with information regarding
catch date,location,and if the fish was released.The public
will be informed of the tagging program by:1)news released to
the media.2)RJ Susitna Hydro staff.3)posters placed in-
locations frequented by anglers.
4.Adult Anadromous fishwheel operations.
Study Locations:
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Areas to be electrofished will be field selected in the mainstem Susitna
River and its side channels and sloughs between Cook Inlet to Devil Canyon
when the conductivity is sufficient.
In addition to the selected sites sampled,specific locations will be
sampled once every two weeks by the Resident Juvenile and Aquatic Habitat,
electrofishing crews.During August 1 to September 15,all three crews
will electrofish at these sites which include the designated habitat
locations of the fish distribution studies.Sampling effort at each of the
habitat location should not exceed one hour total time including handling
of catch and data recording.
Schedule of Activities and Frequency of Sampling:
.The field season will be broken into three time periods during which
-various project priorities such as resident fish or adult anadromous fish
will be addressed.These three time periods will be ice out to July 31,
August 1 to September 15,and September 16 to freeze up.During both the
ice out to July 31 and September 16 to freeze up time periods,the
individual project boats will be operated at the discretion of each of
their respective project's leaders.From August 1 to September 15 all
three boats and their crews will conduct slough and mainstem Susitna River
anadromous spawning distribution studies.
Radio Telemetry Studies
Five rainbow trout and five burbot were each internally implanted with a
model 4500L Smith Root low frequency radio transmitter in October,1981 for
an experimental radio telemetry program on the Susitna River.
The purpose of the program was to determi ne if resi dent fi sh coul d be
successfully radi 0 tagged i nterna lly and monitored on the Sus itna Ri ver
over the winter of 1981-82.The results from the data of this program
provided a basis for determining the feasibility of expanding the program
in 1982-83.
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,The data from this experimental radio telemetry program suggests expansion
of the radio telemetry program in 1982-83 will be valuable to observe
intersystem movement and establish overwintering habitat.
Methods:
During 1982-83,80 radio tags will be deployed.Forty radio tags will be
implanted in Arctic grayling,rainbow trout,and burbot between Talkeetna
and Devil Canyon,and 40 in Arctic grayling captured in the proposed
impoundment area.Implantation of the 80 radio tags will utilize the same
techniques and procedures that were used in 1981.
Study Locations:
The study sites will be between the Chulitna confluence and Devil Canyon or
the reach of river above the Devil Canyon dam site or tributaries within
these areas.
Tagging crews will radio tag healthy adult resident species collected from
within the mainstem or tributaries.Actual selection of tagging sites will
be based on the other distributional data collected dur'ing 1981 and 1982
field seasons.
Schedule of Activities and Frequency of Sampling:
The fish in the Susitna River below Devil Canyon will be captured by
electrofishing during August and September and implanted with model 4500L
Smith Root radio tags.
The 40 Arctic grayling to be radio tagged in the impoundment will be
captured by hook and line during August and September.The radio tags to
be implanted in these fish will have a tag life expenctancy of nine months.
Monitoring of the radio tagged fish to establish movement patterns will be
conducted every ten to 30 days by boat,airpiane or snowmobile,until the
tag batteries are discharged.
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.._--_.~---'---~~--
Contingencies and Alternatives:
Beginning in January,attempts will be made to recapture the radio tagged
fish with gill nets and trotlines.This will be done in order to help
locate overwintering habitats of resident fish and to observe and define
these habitats.
Experimental use of hoop nets will be employed to determine if they can be
used to collect adult re~idents during the winter and summer periods.
Juvenile Incubation,Emergence,and Outmigration Studies
Methods:
The methods described outline the techniques to be used for the smolt trap
and winter incubation and emergence studies only.Data collected from the
fish distribution study and electrofishing surveys pertinent to this
objective will be incorporated into the final reports.
The studies will address all juvenile anadromous species and select
juvenile resident species occurring in the reach of river above the
Chulitna confluence,with the main emphasis on the anadromous salmon
species and resident species that spawn in habitats associated with the
mainstem.
The study will be divided into two components;the outmigrant study during
the open water period,and the incubation and emergence study which will be
conducted during the winter season of 1982/83.Separate reports will be
prepared which address these two elements.
Outmigration will be sampled by a 4.5 foot wide inclined plane mobile smolt
trap,located in the mainstem Susitna near river mile 103.The trap will
be begin operation on the 18th of June and will continue operation until
freeze up or river ice conditions prevent further operation.Operation
will resume in the spring of 1983 upon breakup.The trap is designed to
operate at variable depths up to a maximum of four feet.Depth will be set
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by field experimentation.Placemen~-in current and fishing position will
also be determined by field experiment.Schedule for time fished while in
operation will depend upon maintenance requirements.
Data collected at the traps will include species number,lengths,distance
from shore,depth fished,fate of captured fish,representative age
classification by scale samples,and time fished.Variables that will be
used to measure outmigrant capture rates will include Gold Creek discharge,
temperature,diurnal timing,turbidity,seasonal timing,horizontal and
vertical distribution in the water column,and weather conditions.Data
not collected at the smolt trap will be obtained from the Aquatic Habitat
program or other Su Hydro study group responsible for collection of the
particular data elements (R&M,USGS,etc.).Data will be analyzed
primarily by species and age class.
Incubation and emergence studies will be conducted in the upper river
habitat locations that have had redd locations identified or spawning
determined to occur by resident species.The study will involve obtaining
limited samples of developing eggs by redd pumping or excavation at .sttes
being monitored for intragravel temperature by the Aquatic Habitat study
group.Electrofishing gear will be used to sample emerging alevins in the
spring.Thermal data and development information will be transferred to
the group conducting a laboratory incubation study with the intragravel
temperatures being transferred to this organization on a weekly basis if
•such a study is funded by the Alaska Power Authority.
Species to be included in the development will include sockeye,chum,and
pink salmon if sufficient redds are located for a complete sampling program
for each species in areas that may be affected by the mainstem or
temperature changes.Data recorded will include numbers and percentages of
eggs or juveniles at various stages of development at each sampling site,
for each species.
Habitat data will be collected in accordance with the procedures
established in the Aquatic Habitat procedures section.Data will include
water quality,surface and intragravel water temperatures,air
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""",',I
temperatures,redd substrate compositi on,and surface vel ociti es at the
redd locations.
Field trip reports will be prepared on a regular schedule and will be the
basis for data transfer from the field.Monthly summaries of significant
findings will be prepared from these reports.The draft of the final
report wi 11 be prepared by January 30th,1983 and wi 11 be 1imited to the
.open water sampling period.A final report on the incubation and emergence
studies will be submitted by June 30th,1983,which will cover the winter
field sampling period.
Study Locations:
The study sites for the incubation and emergence study will be confined to
the reach of river above Talkeetna pending final information on the thermal
regime below the Chulitna confluence area.The outmigrants moving through
the mainstem will be sampled with the smolt trap placed in the lower area
of river near the Talkeetna Adult Anadromous sonar site(RM 103).A second
trap may be installed in the spring of 1983,depepding upon the success of
the trap during the 1982 field season.
Incubation and emergence studies will be conducted during the fall.and
winter of 1982 through the spring of 1983 at selected study sites in the
upper river above the outmigrant trap site.These sites will be selected
based upon observations of adult spawners during the summer of 1982.
Tentative sites include sloughs 21,11,9,and 8A.Additional "sites will
be included as determined by adult usage.
Schedule of Activities:
The smolt trap will be installed by June 18,1982 and will continue fishing
until freeze ·up.It will again be in place immediately after breakup in
the spring of 1983 and continue through the 1983 field season.The trap
will be operated on a continuous schedule with intermediate down periods
for personnel time schedules and for maintenance.
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,,,-The incubati on and emergence survey wi 11 commence immedi ately after the
spawning season and will continue through the winter of 1982/83.Sampling
intervals of twice a month will be employed during the late winter period.
Contingencies and Alternatives:
Depending on the success of the smolt trap the alternatives that may be
employed,include,mid channel trawling for juvenile,Fyke netting at the
mouth of selected sloughs or tributaries,small smolt traps on the mouths
of tributaries,or modifications and improvements to the existing trap.
Further,a juvenile mark recapture experimental program,designed to mark
populations from selected slough habitats for later recapture may also be
investigated as to its feasibility.This would be designed to obtain
estimates of local populations of fry as well as information on the overall
survival and contribution of these habitats to the overall stock of the
Susitna River.
Food Habits Study Invertebrate and Distribution Study
Methods:
Juvenile chum,coho,chinook and sockeye salmon wjll be collected by minnow
traps,beach seines,or electrofishing gear at selected sampling sites.
These specimens will preserved in 10 percent formalin solution for further
analysis in the laboratory.Data to be collected include species,date of
collection,length,and site location of collection.The stomachs will be
removed and contents analyzed for i nvertebra te taxa.Taxonomi cleve1 of
identification will be generally to the family level but will be reduced
further when possible.
Invertebrates will be collected by three methods.A drift net set will be
operated at each site for a time period which will be dependent on debris
loads and catch rates of drift invertebrates.Preferably,a set will be
made for 24 hours.Set locations will be in the approximate area of
juvenile collection sites.Additionally,a "kick"screen sample of
invertebrates will be collected at each site.These samples will cover a
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sufficient segment of riffle habitat conditions to provide a representative
makeup of the available taxa and sufficient numbers to describe frequency
of numbers.Finally,a plankton tow net will be used to collect
zooplankton at sites with low velocity water and that have rearing juvenile
chum or sockeye salmon .All samples wi 11 be preserved with a 10 percent
formalin solution.
Invertebrates will generally be identified to genus with the family
Chironomidae grouped at the family level only.All of the samples
collected by different methods will be analyzed separately,obtaining
frequency for each taxa with respect to the overall invertebrate community
composition.
\
Study Locations:
Six study sites will be used for collection that represent three different
general habitat types.These include clear water tributary sites,slough
sites,and mainstem sites.
Tentative site selection include sites only above the Chulitna confluence.
Indian River,Fourth of July Creek,Slough 11,Slough 20,and mainstem
sites in side channels near Slough 11 and Slough 20 are the preliminery
sampling sites.
Schedule of Activities and Frequency of Sampling:
The sampling program will commence in mid-June for chum salmon and will be
concentrated in July and August for the other species.Sampling periods
will be scheduled twice each month beginning in July through September for
a total of six sampling periods.It is anticipated that the number of
species collected will be sufficient for detailed analysis of coho and
chinook juveniles only.Chum data will be from collection periods in June
only during the 1982 field season.During 1983,collection of chum
juveniles will begin at breakup and be on a we~kly interval until July 1,
1983.
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Sockeye and chum samples will be supplemented for analysis by collection
from the smolt trap installed in the lower river.These w"ill be used for
comparati ve purposes with site specifi c co 11 ecti ons only.Twenty-five
juveniles per sampling site per period will be collected during the July -
September time frame,for Chinook and coho juven"iles only.Fifty chums and
up to 25 preserved sockeye juveniles per site will have their stomach
contents analyzed.
Contingencies and Alternatives:
Depending on the timing of sockeye and chum salmon emergence,these species
may not be included in the 1982 open water analysis and will be intensively
sampled only during the 1983 season.Plankton net tows will be
discontinued if not proven effective.
Depending on information on the distribution and abundance of juveniles
determined by the distribution study program,alternative sites may be
selected,or changes in sampling frequency implemented.Limited
collections during the winter season of juvenile coho and chinook may also
be made for stomach content analysis if it is determined this will provide
useful information.If preliminary sampling during the winter period
indic~tes active feeding,the proposed study will extend through the winter
months.
Obtaining sufficient coho and chinook juveniles to obtain the 25 per
sampling period may not be possible.If insufficent numbers are not
coll ected that may be di rectly comparable to the invertebrate sampl es,
additional stomachs will be obtained from the outmigrant trap.These will
be evaluated separately from the samples collected near the sites of the
invertebrate collections and will be used for comparative purposes.
Impoundment Area Studies
The impoundment surveys during the ice free months (May to September)1982
will be conducted primarily on foot utilizing helicopter,river boat,and
raft support.The impoundment crew will consist of two Resident Juvenile
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biologists and two Aquatic Habitat biologists operating
camp located at the mouth of Watana Creek (R.M.194.1).
sampling will be conducted on the mainstem Susitna as
summer 1981 level of effort.
from fi xed base
Relatively more
compa red to the
Methods:
At the eight major tributary study locations,all sampling above the
confluence will be conducted by hook and line.At tributary mouths,
mainstem sites,and lakes,gear fished will potentially include the
following;minnow traps,trout lines,variable mesh gillnets,seines,
electroshockers,and hook and line.Set gear will be fished for 24 to 48
hours.The "habitat location ll wi II incl ude the reach of each tributary
stream studied from the area of the major clearwater influence with the
Susitna River upstream to the point at the proposed impoundment elevation.
This "habitat location"will be divided into three distinct types based on
their physical characteristics:
1.The confluence habitat encompasses that area of the Susitna River
below the mouth of the tributary which is influenced by the
tributary stream flow,the mixing area,and that area of the
tributary which is influenced by the rise/fall of the Susitna
River.
2.The pool habitat is comprised of the large pools between the
tributary mouth and the proposed impoundment elevation where the
bulk of the resident fish have been observed to reside.
3.The riffle habitat will include those stretches of each tributary
located between the major pool areas in the reach between the
tributary mouth and the impoundment elevation.These areas are
comprised of smaller pools,rock eddies,riffles,and whitewater.
The mouth area is self explanatory.The pool areas will be designated by
the biologists in the field,permanently marked,recorded,and described.
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The riffle areas will then be the stretches of stream between the
designated pools.
Aerial photography of the entire habitat location correlated with map
contours and elevations will then allow tributary river miles for each area
to be calculated,and a scaled map to be drawn.
Pool habitat sites will be calculated on the basis of the total number
identified.Riffles will be calculated as the total length of stream miles
in which they are located.
Sampl i ng wi II be conducted (for populati on estimate purposes)on a set
percentage of pool and riffle areas,to be determined during the June trip.
Succeeding trips will sample the same areas.The mouth area will be
sampled in its entirety.
A population estimate will be conducted on Sally Lake for designated
resident species in addition to collecting basic water quality data.Any
other small lakes in the proposed impoundment area will be test netted to
determine speci es present.Random sampl ing of the Cl arence Lake system
will be conducted to determine if there is any movement of grayling between
the lake and lower Kosina Creek.
Study Locations:
The study 1ocati ons for the summer 1982 impoundment surveys incl ude:the
eight major tributary streams (upstream)from their confluence with the
Susitna River to the proposed level of impoundment;five mainstem sites
located between the mouth of Deadman Creek (R.M.186.7)and the mouth of
Jay Creek (R.M.208.5);and Sally Lake.As time permits,additional lakes
both inside and outside the proposed impoundment boundary will be assessed.
Schedule of Activities and Frequency of Sampling:
Surveys of the proposed impoundment area will be conducted in May,June,
July,August and September 1982.
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-
~...............~,-",-~--=-
---"-.~,~-.--..
~~~~"~'-_=-=,-'-c --
Sampl i ng wi 11 be conducted once a month at each of the study 1ocati ons.
Sampling trips are scheduled for 15 days per month.
Contigencies or Alternatives:
An alternative method of sampling the tributary mouths and mainstem
locations utilizing a boat-mounted electroshocker is proposed for month of
July or August.
An alternative method of gathering the required data necessary for a viable
population estimate in the lakes utilizing a boat-mounted sonar device is
also being considered.
Based on the relative lack of success encountered utilizing standard
sampling procedures during winter 1980-81 and 1981-82 studies,and the high
degree of success attained with winter 1981-82 radio telemetry studies,
this program will be implemented in the impoundment area.Arctic grayling
will be the target species.Radio transmitter implantation will be
conducted in September before freeze-up and radio tracking at periodic
intervals will continue through May 1983.Details of radio telemetry
procedures are described in the radio telemetry section.
Level of Effort
A schemati c of the admi ni strative structure and manpower di stribution of
Resident Juvenile personnel for fiscal 1983 is given in Figure 5.The
staff of Resident Juvenile currently includes one Fisheries Biologist III,
six Fisheries Biologist II's,and five Fisheries Biologist lIs.Three
additional Fisheries Biologist I's are scheduled to be hired in July with
fiscal 1983 funds.Personnel will be assigned as needed between the
various sub-projects.
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Project Leader
PCN 4194
FBIlI,12rrvn
Data Processing Coordinator
PCN 4204
FBIl,12II1II
Fish Distribution Food Habits
Study Study
.....
r
Electroshocking &
Radio Telemetry
Study
PCN 4201
FB I I,12rrvn
PCN 4197
FBI.12mm
Incubation,
Emergant,&
Outmigrant Study
PCN 4200
FBII,12m
PCN 4212
FBI.911111
Impoundment
Study
PCN 4205
FBIl,12mm
PCN 4202
FBI,12m
PCN 4206
FBIl,12rrvn
peN 4198
FBI,12m
PCN 4203
FBI,12m
PCN 4199
FB I,9l11T1
PCN fne6')FB ,m
PCN 4184
FBIl,12rrvn
PCN 4216
FBI,611111
Figure 5.Phase II Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries Project,
Adminsitrative Structure and Manpower Distribution F.Y.'83,
July 1,1983 to June 30,1983.
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C.AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
Study Description and Rationale
During FY 82 Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow (AH)investigations were
initiated to begin the process of identifying:
1.Fish habitats in the study area
2.Seasonal relationships between mainstem discharge of the Susitna
River and the physical and chemical characteristics of these fish
habitats.
3.Seasonal relationships between mainstem discharge of the Susitna
River and fish distribution and abundance.
The FY 83 RSA provides a basic outline of the field studies proposed for
the upcoming year.Much of this work is a continuation of that begun
during the FY 82 ADF&G Aquatic Studies program,and is expected to continue
through FY 84.This section of the procedures manual will further describe
the purpose of the FY 83 AH component of these studies and the rationale
behind the approach proposed for this field season.Methods described
reflect only those changes from procedures established in FY 82.
AH data collected in FY 83 ~ill be categorized as Fishery Habitat
Utilization or Instream Flow data,the difference being in the application
of the data.Physical and chemical data which will be related to fish will
be defined as Fish Habitat Utilization Data.Physical and chemical·data
which are related to other physical and chemical data (e.g discharge vs.
turbidity or stage vs.discharge)will be defined as Instream Flow Data.
Fish Habitat Utilization studies are addressed in Objective 2 and
sub-objectives 1 through 4 below.Instream flow studies are addressed in
objective 3 and sub-objectives 5 and 6 below.
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Scope by Geographical Reach of the Susitna River
The project study area includes those portions of the mainstem Susitna
River that may be directly affected by the construction and operation of
Watana and Devi 1 Canyon Dams.For purposes of the FY 83 ADF&G Aquati c
Studies program,the project study area is sub-divided into three principal
geographical areas.These are the reaches of the Susitna River from Cook
Inlet estuary to the ChulitnajSusitna River confluence,the
ChulitnajSusitna River confluence to Devil Canyon,and Devil Canyon to the
Tyone River.The first two are also referred to as lower river study areas
and the third,the upper river or impoundment study area.All study sites
referred to in this narrative will be designated on a map in the final
draft of this addendum.
Scope of FY 83 Program by Objective
The overall scope of the Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow studies remains
unchanged from the FY 82 studies.The principal objectives of the AH com-
ponent of the Aquatic Studies program are to:
1.Characterize the seasonal spawning,incubation,rearing,and
passage habitats of selected anadromous and resident species
within the study area (Fish Habitat Utilization Studies)*.
2.Identify the physical and chemical conditions associated with
changes in mainstem discharge of the Susitna River which appear
to be influencing the suitabil ity of various habitat types for
the species and life history stages of interest (Fish Habitat
Utilization Studies)*.
3.Characterize
discharge and
habitat types
the relationships between changes in Illainstem
the physical and chemical parameters of the various
found in the study area (Instream Flow Studies).
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*Refer also to RJ and AA Procedures Manual Sections and addendums.
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The foll owi ng secti on outl i nes sub-objectives and fi e1d studi es necessary
to continue working towards meeting these general objectives in FY 83.
Specific techniques to be employed in the sampling procedure are outlined
in the FY 82 draft of this procedure manual and this addendum.It is
anticipated that the following sub-objectives can be accomplished during FY
83 through an integrated ADF&G,R&M,and AEIDC program.These
sub-objectives are:
1.Quantify the degree 'of influence various mainstem streamflows
have on selected spawning habitats downstream of Talkeetna during
the open water and ice covered seasons.
2.Quantify the degree of influence various mainstem streamflows
have on the availability of spawning,incubation,rearing,and
passage habitat in selected side slough habitats in the Talkeetna
to Devil Canyon reach of the Susitna River.
3.Monitor the thermal regimes of the mainstem river,side channels
and sloughs upstream of Talkeetna to determine whether or not..
there is a direct relationship between mainstem surface and
intragravel water temperatures,or between mainstem surface water
temperatures and the surface or intergravel water temperatures in
the side channels and slough areas;
4.Identify the ranges of point specific hydraulic and water quality
parameters of spawning habitats used by adult anadro111ous fish
populations.
5.Identify and characterize the seasonal habitats ut"j 1ized by the
fisheries resources within the boundaries of the proposed
impoundments.
6.Provide technical support to RJ habitat related studies.
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Sub-ObJective 1
The AH spawning habitat evaluations that will be undertaken on the Susitna
River during the FY 83 open water season between Cook Inl et and the
ChulitnajSusitna River confluence will principally focus on the river
segment between Kashwitna landing and Talkeetna.
Studies in this reach of river will be focused on identifying whether
seasonal changes in the mainstem discharge of the Susitna River have
significant influences on physical and chemical habitat characteristics at
a maximum of five mainstem spawning locations.
Relationships will be determined between seasonal streamflows and various
hydraul ic attri butes of the fi sh habi tat 1ocati ons refered to in the RJ
section.These relationships,in conjunction with other information,can
be used by the AEIDC impact evaluation team for assessing whether or not
anticipated postproject streamflows are likely to positively or negatively
affect spawning,rearing and access downstream of Talkeetna during the open
water season.They will not provide .sufficient information for defining
the actual response of mainstem habitat to incremental changes in
streamflow.If it is determined that this sort of analysis is justified,
it can be completed in FY 84.
The relationship between mainstem discharge at The Parks Highway bridge and
selected hydraulic characteristics of fish habitat at mainstem spawning
areas will be evaluated by AH personnel at the AA mainstem locations.
Study sites will be selected from the five mainstem spawning sites
identified by AA staff during the FY 82 AA studies and new sites which are
identified during the FY 83 AA field investigations prior to
August 15,1982.
Four to six transects will be located at each study site by ADF&G personnel
to characterize pertinent habitat related hydraulic (e.g.water quality,
etc.)characteristics of the area.The II ma instem ll study sites will exist
on side channels and between islands and large exposed gravel bars between
the braided segments of the river.In general,each study site is expected
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to be approximately 100 to 300 feet wide,and 1500 feet in length.
Headpins will be installed by ADF&G and stream bed profiles surveyed along
each transect by R&M consultants to describe the general shape and gradient
of the channel.All elevations at a particular study site will be
referenced to a local TBM which has been.assigned an assumed elevation
estimated from topographic maps.Staff gages will be located at each site
to develop stage/discharge curves.
AOF&G personnel will periodically obtain depth and velocity measurements at
fixed intervals along these transects in accordance with standard field
procedures;these data will be reviewed shortly after collection and
converted to the proper format for computer processing.Data analysis will
be performed after the close of the fi el d season by a joi nt ADF&G/AEIDC
team as per procedures contained in the Data procedures section of the
Procedure Manual.
Sub-Objective 2
FY 82 investigation indicated that the availabil ity of fish habitat and
access to and from sloughs in this reach of river were related to mainstem
discharge.
Therefore,the FY 83 AH field studies which will be undertaken in the
Tal keetna toOevi 1 Canyon reach of the Sus itna Ri ver duri ng the FY 83 open
water season will principally focus on the side slough habitats.
Relationships will be determined between seasonal mainstem discharges at
'Gold Creek and the quantity and qual ity of fish habitat available to and
occupied by adult spawners and juvenileanadromous fish in the side
s~oU'ghs.These relationships,when examined in conjunction with other
information,will provide the basis for an incremental evaluation of
project effects on side slough habitat.
Six side sloughs (8A,9,11,16B,19,and 21)will be intensively studied
to determine the effects of changes in mainstem discharge on physiochemical
attributes of fish habitat.Each slough will be sub-divided into three
habitat zones based upon prevalent hydraulic characteristics.These zones
can be identified by direct observation into the following three basic
categories:
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1.Areas that convey flow from tributaries,ground water,or
mainstem overflow with no appreciable influence of backwater from
the water surface elevation of the mainstem.
2.Areas that are periodically influenced by backwater conditions
attributable to changes in water surface elevations of the
mainstem Susitna.At certain tributary mouths and during periods
of low flow in the mainstem Susitna these areas will be very
limited or non-existent.
3.Areas at slough and tributary mouths that are mlxlng zones.
Local velocity patterns in these areas are principally influenced
by the mainstem flow.
Transects will be reestabl ished or added at each study site by personnel to
characterize pertinent habitat and hydraulic characteristics of the area.
Headpins will be installed by ADF&G and streambed profiles surveyed along
each transect to describe the general shape and gradient of the slough
channel.All elevations at a particular study site will be referenced to
the project datum established by R&M Consultants.
ADf&G personnel will obtain frequent depth and velocity measurements at
fixed intervals along these transects in accordance with standard field
procedures.These data will be reviewed shortly after collection and
converted to the proper formatfor computer processing.Data analysis will
be performed after the close of the field season by a joint ADf&G/AEIDC
team as per procedures contained in the Data Procedures section.
Substrate composition and spawning redds will be visually evaluated and
denoted on field maps.During late September,foot surveys will be
conducted to identify areas of groundwater upwelling.This information
wi 11 be used in conjunction wi th hydraul ic measurements (stage,di scharge,
depth,and velocity)to determine the relationslrip between mainstem
discharge and the availability of suitable spawning and rearing areas in
these sloughs.The analytical methodology and techniques are presented in
the Data Procedures section of the Procedures Manual.
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Sub-Objective 3
Evaluation of FY 82 surface and intragravel water temperature data
indicated the importance of collecting additional data on a year-round
basis.These data are required to evaluate the ability of computer models
to calculate preproject surface water temperature conditions and insure the
models are properly calibrated.Eventually,the model will be important to
the AEIOC impact ana lys is team for predi cti ng post-project temperature
impacts.
The temperature of the mai nstem Susitna Ri ver and its major tri butari es
wi 11 be monitored through October at several 1ocati ons usi ng Ryan model
J-90 thermographs.These data will principally be collected upstream of
the Parks Highway bridge with special emphasis given to the impoundment·
zone and confluence area.These data will describe the thermal regime of
the mainstem itself.
In addition,continuous surface and intragravel water temperature data will
be obtained from several known spawning areas throughout the winter of
1982-83 and into FY 84.Temperatures will be monitored using Omnidata
DP2301 recorders and calibrated thermister probes.Thermograph sites will
be selected to meet the data needs of the ADF&G,Acres and R&M.Data w"ill
be transferred to the Data Processing Support Unit for analysis.
Sub-Objective 4
Point specific physical and chemical data will be evaluated to determine
the types and ranges of habitat characteri stics which are uti 1ized by adult
anadromous spawners;these data will be required by the AEIOC for
predicti ng the irnpacts of various flow regimes on fi sh habitat suitabil ity.
P.oint specific data will be collected from the Cook Inlet estuary to the
Devil Canyon reach of the Susitna River at the slough and spawning
locations previously discussed in sub-objectives one and two.Sampl ing
methods will be employed which permit fish to be observed in the habitat
.!
they are occupying.Further detail on field techniques is provided in the
FY 82 Procedures Manual and this addendum.
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Sub-Objective 5
FY 83 studies are designed to assess the potential loss of this lotic
environment.This requires documentation to determine the nature and
extent of fish populations in this area,their dependence on particular
habitat conditions and whether there are alternate habitats to support them
adjacent to the impoundment area.
An active tag recapture and habitat evaluation program was initiated during
the 1981 field season to provide an inventory of fish populations and
habitat characteristics within the impoundment zone.Continuation of these
studies into FY 83 will provide an opportunity to more accurately estimate
these populations.FY -83 studies will also enable project personnel to
examine in further detail,other potential habitats within the impoundment
zone that did not receive extensive study in FY 82.Sampling of the lower
section of the clear water tributaries for tag recovery will be continued.
The mainstem Susitna (which was not sampled during the previous year)will
also be sampled during FY 83.At least one lake within the proposed
impoundment and referred to as Sally Lake,will be sampled in more detail
in FY 83 with the goal of obtaining a population estimate.
Joint AH and RJ crews will also conduct studies to determine whether the
reach of tributary immediately above the impoundment zone will contain
habitat similar to the habitat at the mouths of the clear water tributaries
if the dams are built.To accomplish this task these reaches will be
surveyed to estimate the relative abundance of fish and evaluate the
existing habitat characteristics.The presence of barriers of fish passage
or inundation of existing barriers will be noted.
During the winter season,the distribution and migration of grayling will
be monitored by use of radi 0 tel emetry.Previous efforts at overwi nter
sampling have produced very limited results because of difficult sampling
conditions.Fish radio tagged during the fall will be monitored through
the wi nter season in order to determi ne overwi nteri ng habitat,and to
subsequently follow spring migration and identify spawning habitats.
Current information suggests that the fish spawn during a period closely
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associated with breakup necessitating such techniques to locate key
spawning areas.
This information should provide an indication of the dependency of the
grayling populations on the mainstem Susitna for overwintering,and provide
an indication of how important this habitat is for the spawning and
survival of the tributary populations.
Data analysis will consist of population estimations in the tributary
reaches,and evaluation of intrasystem movements using recaptured and radio
tagged fish.Any spawning areas located will be identified and the habitat
characteristics evaluated.Basic biological data for all species collected
will also be summarized.Any new components of the biological community or
different findings from the 1981 studies will be identified.
Sub-Objective 6
AH personnel will provide technical support to RJ habitat related studies
(e.g.fish distribution,invertebrate,and incubation)by:
1.Training RJ staff to maintain and operate habitat data collection
instruments.
2.Calibrating habitat instruments for RJ staff.
3.Installing and maintaining staff gages at all RJ fish
distribution locations.
4.Measuri ng discharges at fi sh distribution locati ons to develop
stage/discharge curves.
5.Working with RJ staff to develop plans for collecting habitat
oriented data for the incubation and invertebrate studies.
The AH section will also cooperate with RJand AA staff and other
contractors to insure the timely exchange of information when working on
overlapping
-65-
activities.All efforts will be made to coordinate these activities to
insure maximum results are derived from this year of study.
Administrative Structure and Manpower Distribution
The administrative structure and manpower distribution of AH personnel for
fiscal 1983 is illustrated in Figure '6.The FY 83 AH staff includes one
Fisheries Biologist III,five Fisheries Biologist II's,and thirteen
Fisheries Biologist I's.Personnel will be assigned as needed between the
various sub-projects.
The following section contains a description of the work plans for
achieving the preceding objectives and sub-objectives.Four work plans are
presented:
1.Lower River Fish Habitat Utilization Data
2.Lower River Fish Habitat Utilization Electrofishing Data
3.Instream Flow Data
4.Upper River Fish Habitat Utilization Data
-66-
AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDY
Table of Organizalion
Project Leader
FB III
PCN 4192
f--------Data,Laboralorv and ODerations COnlrol
FB II-PCN 4208
IFB1/11 -PCI~__
Lower River Sludies
I
UDDer River Fisheries
Habitat Utilization Studies
FB II-PCN 4207
I
FB IIH-PCN __
Inslream Flow Evaluations
FBII-PCN4196
I
FB 1/11-PCN __
FB 1I11-PCN_
FB 1111-PCN
FB I/II-PCN_
Fisheries Habitat Ulilization
Electrofishing
FBII-PCN4211
I
FB 1/11-PCN 42'0
FB II -PCN 4 195
Ir-------Ir-------I
Gold Creek Talkeetna Sunshine
I I
FB 1/11-PCN 4209
FB 1111-peN __
FB 1111-PCN 4126
FB 1/11-PCN __
FB 1/11-PCN __
FB 1/11-PCN __
Figure 6.Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Study
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Field Data Collection Work Plans
Lower River Fish Habitat Utilization
During the 1982 open water field season the Fishery Habitat Utilization
(FHU)section of Aquatic Habitat will concentrate on the characterization
of adult salmon spawning preferences in relation to hydraulic and physical
conditions of their habitat (Objectives 1 and 2;Sub-objectives 1,2 and
3).In addition,the study of juvenile rearing preference will be
conducted to a 1esser extent in order to determi ne the best approach to
evaluating preference.
Emphasis will be placed on studies of rearing fish in the winter 82-83 and
spring 83 field seasons.
Study Site:
FHU data will be collected at two different types of sites:the slough
sites and the electrofishing sites (see electrofishing section).Six
sloughs from Curry to Portage and one slough below Talkeetna have been
selected to conduct extensive habitat study.These are sloughs 8A,9,11,
16B,19 and 21 above Talkeetna and Birch Creek slough below Talkeetna.
These sloughs were selected on the basis of'studies conducted in FY 82.
The electrofishing sites will be determined in the field by the AH
electrofishing crew.Determination of mainstem spawning sites are
discussed in the electrofishing_section of this procedures manual.
Additional sites may be added to this list if it is determined that
sufficient manpower is available.
Methods:
Upon arriving at a slough study site,an overall familiarization will be
made of the entire slough in order to obtain information necessary for
mapping and to determine where spawning activity is occurring.The wetted
area,upwelling,staff gage and water quality sites will be recorded on one
copy of the R&M blue line aerial photos;and substrate on a second copy.A
-68-
third copy will be used to mark sites where specific redds are located.
These same maps will be updated during subsequent visits using different
symbols or colors and recording the date in order to differentiate visits.
Stage will be recorded from staff gages installed by Instream Flow or R&M
staff and di scharge wi 11 be measured if necessary.Water qual ity data wi 11
be collected,using insttuments and procedures described in the 1981 ADF&G
Procedure Manual,in as many locations as are necessary to describe the
water quality characteristics present.
Fish observation techniques for determining spawning sites in clear water
systems are discussed in the 1981 Procedure Manual.When these sites are
determined they will be marked by a painted rock or surveying flag for
subsequent measuring.After all sites are located,depth,velocity,and
substrate data will be collected and the marker removed.A total of 10
flags marking redds will be left in each slough for later reference for
incubation studies.Depth and velocity will be measured at the upstream
end of the redds,with velocity being measured at .6 or .2/.8 depth
depending on the total water depth.
Level of Effort and Frequency of Sampling:
Two crews will be deployed in the river between Talkeetna and Portage and
one crew below Talkeetna.Each two person crew will work seven days in the
field,three days in the office,with four days off.Slough sites will be
sampled once per week.
Fish Habitat Electrofishing
One of the lower river AH Fish Habitat Utilization crews will be assigned
to an el ectrofi shi ng boat on a full time basi s.Thei r multi -purpose duties
are discussed below.
Methods:
A standard mounted electrofishing boat for each of the three projects (RJ,
AAand AH)will be utilized to conduct electrofishing on the Susitna River
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between Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon from ice out to freeze-up,1982.The
field season will be broken into three time periods during which various
project (RJ,AA and AH)priorities will be addressed.These three time
periods will consist of ice out to July 31,August 1 to September 15,and
September 16 to freeze up.During both the ice out to July 31 and
September 16 to freeze-up time periods,the individual project boats will
be operated at the discretion of each of their respective project leaders.
From August 1 to September 15,all three boats and their crews will conduct
Adult Anadromous slough and mainstem Susitna River salmon spawning
distribution studies under the supervision of the AA project leader.
During cooperative studies among the various projects,the electrofishing
boats will each be assigned to a defined reach of the river.
Two or three AH,RJ and AA biologists will be assigned to each electro-
fishing crew,with possible interswitching of project personnel during
cooperative studies among the various projects.Field stations will be
located at Yentna,Sunshine,Talkeetna,and Gold Creek.
Areas to be electrofished will be field selected in the mainstem Susitna
River and its side channels and sloughs,between Cook Inlet and Devil
Canyon where and when the physical parameters allow electrofishing to be
conducted.In addition to the selected sites sampled,27 specific habitat
evaluation study locations will be sampled by the RJ and AH electrofishing
crews once every two weeks when the physical parameters allow electro-
fishing to be conducted.During August 1 to September 15,all three
electrofishing crews (AA,AH and RJ)will electrofish at these 27 sites
which are the designated habitat evaluation study locations of the RJ Fish
Distribution Studies.Sampling effort at each of the 27 habitat locations
should not exceed one hour total time,including handling of catch and data
recording.
A 20 foot by 5-1/2 foot flat bottom,aluminum riverboat powered by a 90 hp
outboard jet and 18 hp outboard auxiliary engine will be modified for
electrofishing operations on the lower river.The power source for the
electrofishing apparatus (and possible supplemental lighting equipment for
night shocking)will be a four cycle,3.5 kilowatt,120/240 volt,60 Hz
-70-
A.C.Homelite Voltamatic generator.Voltage and amperage regulation from
the power source to the water will be through a Coffelt Variable Voltage
Pulsator model VVP-15 (AH)and two Coffelt models VVP-3E (RJ and AA).Both
models are designed to supply A.C.,D.C.,or pulse output voltages.The
output voltages from the VVP-15 can be varied continuously from 0 to 600
volts for all outputs (A.C.,D.C.,Pulsed D.C.and 0 referenced A.C.
Pul sed).For the VVP-3E the output voltages can be varied from 0 to 300
volts for all outputs (A.C.,D.C~and,Pulsed D.C.,and Pulsed A.C.).The
VVP-15 incorporates a 20 to 80 percent adjustable DC pulse width.The
proper current type,voltage,amperage and electrode arrangement for
effi ci ent capture of fi sh wi 11 vary for different speci es of fi sh and
according to water qual ity parameters such as water temperature,
conductivity,depth and turbidity.
Electric current will be applied to the water through either single and
dual anode systems,with the cathode comprising the boat surface in contact
with the water.When a single anode is used,a single dip netting pole
will be used both as the anode and a dip net.The single anode design will
be utilized when probing in deep pools and confined areas and in searching
for specific species.Under situations when a dual anode system will be
utilized,each anode will be suspended into the water using a standard
electrofishing boom design.A standard dip net will be used to capture
stunned fish.
Due to the high voltages and potential hazards associated with electro-
fishing,several safety features will be designed into each electrofishing
boat.Each boat will be fitted with a 36 to 40 11 high non-conductive coated
railing enclosing a non-skid platform.Electrical units will be placed in
covered boxes designed to prevent water from entering the unit and thereby
preventi ng short-ci rcuiting.In addition,a safety ci rcuit i ncorporati ng
foot pedals and kill switches will be included in the circuitry.All
individuals working on the electrofish boat will wear hip boots,life
preservers and rubber gloves and be trained in cardiopulminary
resuscitation (C.P.R.)and basic first aid techniques (Appendix V).
-71-
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Specific sampling procedures for each of the three projects are stated in
each respective project's section of the Procedures Manual.
Level of Effort and Frequency of Sampling:
Electrofishing,using the standard boat mounted electrofishing unit
previously described,will be conducted on the Susitna River from ~1ay 20,
to freeze-up,1982.Various electrofishing objectives incooperation with
each study section (AH,RJ and AA)will be addressed during this time
period as shown in Figure 7 and discussed below.Two to three AH
biologists will be assigned to the AH electrofishing crew,with possible
i nterswitchi ng of project personnel duri ng cooperative studi es among the
various projects.Field stations will be located and jointly shared by the
RJ electrofishing crews at Sunshine,Talkeetna and Gold Creek.
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f-i'''ea.f,'_Sfvd;~$
eesi'~l'Spec ..es Ca.JD.;_~(_,~"..."",c......+-,,_OVI
-ra.,'".$i"vd.i~'H l.,'f-...f-I..J,CAf,'trV't,.5-f-vd"~5
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Fi gu re 7.Electrofishing objectives.
-72-
.....
Eulachon Study in conjunction with AA (May 19-June 15,1982).
Objectives:
1.Determine the extent of the spawning run in the Susitna River
basin of eulachon [Thaleichthys pacificus Richardson].
2.Determine the general habitat requirements for eulachon spawning.
Methods:
The first objective will be studied by methods outlined in the AA plan of
study.Habitat characteristics that will be studied in assessing the
general habitat requirements for spawning of eulachon will include the
physiochemical parameters comprising water and air temperature,pH,
specific conductance,dissolved oxygen and turbidity;substrate;water
depth;and,mean water column velocity.At specific spawning sites,a map
will be drawn of the spawning site and surrounding area.Specific methods
for the collection of the above parameters are given in the Fisheries
Habitat Utilization portion of the AH procedures manual.Sampling design
used in the collection of the above data at known spawning sites will be
modeled after Bovee and Cochnauer (1977).
Resident species categorization,enumeration and tagging studies .
Objectives:
1.Categorize,enumerate and tag adult resident species.
2.When possible,collect data concerning the general habitat
requirements of resident fish.
~~ethods :
Using the basic mounted electroshocker previously described,resident adult
species will be systematically collected,identified,measured,age
-73-
'.'~
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sampled,sex determined (when poss'ible),tagged and then released.Habitat
characteristics that will be studied,when possible,to characterize the
general habitat requirements of these resident fish include the
physiochemical parameters comprlslng air and water (surface and
intragravel)temperature,pH,specific conductance,dissolved oxygen and
turbi dity;substrate;water depth;and,mean water col umn velocity.At
significant study sites,a map may be drawn of the site and immediate
surrounding area.Specific methods for the collection of the above
parameters are given in the Fisheries Habitat Utilization portion of the AH
Procedures Manual.
Adult salmon spawning site evaluations (June 15 -Aug.30,1982).
Objective:
1.Locate and tharacterize the general habitat characteristics of
the spawning and milling sites of adult anadromous salmon
(chinook,coho,chum,pink and sockeye salmon)runs in the
Susitna River.
Methods:
Using the basic boat mounted electroshocker previously described,the adult
anadromous salmon species will be systematically studied by methods
outlined in the AA portion of the procedures manual by the three
electrofishing crews (RJ,AA and AH)from the period June 15 -August 30,
1982.If spawning or milling fish are found,the general habitat
characteristics of the site will be assessed (see Resident species
categorization,enumeration and tagging studies presented earlier for
methods and section 1.1).Both mainstem and slough sites will be
investigated.All studies will be coordinated by the AA Project Leader,
with the AH electrofishing crew coordinating the collection of the general
habitat data by both the RJ and AA electrofishing crews.
-74-
Fisheries Habitat Utilization Studies
Objectivs:
1.Work with the AH fisheries habitat utilization study crews to
determine the objectives outlined in that section's plan of
F'study.
!
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I
Methods:
Using the basic boat mounted electrofishing unit previously described,
adult anadromous and resident fish will be located for study by the AH
fisheries habitat utilization study crews.The AH electrofishing crew will
aid the fisheries habitat utilization crews in the collection of fisherles
habitat data and will process all collected fish as previously described in
the adult salmon spawning site evaluations section.
Radio Telemetry Studies (Sept.1 -Nov.15,1982)
Objectives:
1.Collect resident species for radio telemetry studies and aid
in the tracking of tagged fish.
2.Characterize the habitat utilized by radio tagged fish.
Methods:
Using the basic boat mounted electroshocker previously described,resident
adult fish will be collected in conjunction with the RJ electrofishing crew
for implantation of radio tags.Tracking of these tagged fish will be done
in conjunction with the RJ project by boat and aircraft.Spawning or
milling areas identified for these fish will be studied for their general
habitat characteristics as discussed previously in the resident species
categorization,enumeratAon and tagging studies section.
-75-
Bering Cisco Study
Objectives:
1.Aid the AA project in meeting the objectives set forth in
their plan of study.
2.Characterize the general habitat characteristics of spawning and
milling sites of the Bering cisco.
Methods:
The first objective will be studied by methods outlined in the AA plan of
study.Habitat characteristics that will be studied in assessing the
general habitat requirements for spawning and milling Bering cisco will
comprise the parameters previously mentioned by methods outlined in
eulachon study in conjunction with AA section.
Instream Flow
Instream flow data will be collected during the open water and ice covered
field season (Objective"3;Sub-objectives 5 and 6).Data collected will
include:stage,discharge surface and intragravel water temperatures,DO,
pH,conductivity and water surface elevations.
Study Site:
Stage discharge and water quality measurements will be collected at each RJ
Fish Distribution study site location,at selected mainstem anadromous
salmon spawning sites and FHU slough sites.Stage data will also be
collected at each AA sonar fishwheel site.Surface water temperature data
will be collected on a continuous basis by Model J-90 Ryan thermographs at
selected mainstem,tributary and slough sites to determine the thermal
characteristics of these sites.
-76-
In addition to surface water temperatures,intragravel temperatures wi 11
al so be continuously monitored by Omnidata DP 2301 recorders to
characterize the relationships between surface and ground water
temperatures at six selected spawning sites.
Methods:
Staff gage placement at the RJ Fish Distribution Study (FDS),AA mainstem,
and FHU slough sites will be determined on a site use basis.The gages at
the FDS and FHU sites will be located to monitor the accessibility of the
study site from the mainstem for passage of both resident and anadromous
adults and juvenile fish.Gages will be placed within the study location
to develop discharge rating curves in an effort to determine total
discharge through the study area.Gages will also be installed at the head
port'ion that are adjacent to the mainstem and within the mainstem to
evaluate the influence of flow into the study area from the mainstem and
the mainstem discharge required for breaching of these head portions.
Staff gages will be located on transects in selected mainstem anadromous
salmon spawning sites to develop discharge rating curves at these sites.
Staff gages will be installed at each fishwheel/sonar reach to monitor
changes in mainstem water surface elevation and related to mainstem
discharge.
A cross section profile will be made perpendicular to the stream at each
gage site except those located within the mainstem.Each gage will be
numbered (refer to staff gage numbering procedures Table 1 and Figure (8)),
on the back and a painted float will be attached which will also include
the gage number.Each,gage site wi 11 cons i st of a set of gages (1-5)
tiered to insure that the entire range of flows will be monitored at each
site (refer to AH FY 82 Procedures Manual for staff gage installation
instructions).The top of each gage and the water surface will be surveyed
to a temporary bench mark (TBM).A compass reading on magnetic north to
the TBM from each gag'e wi 11 be determi ned as \liill the di stance from the
gage to the TBM.FDS gages will be monitored at least twice monthly;the
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Table 1.Staff gage numbering procedures.
Staff gages will be numbered with a four part,seven place alpha-numeric
code.
EXAMPLE:Mainstem gage at River Mile 101.2,second gage from shore,
set number one
River Mile (first four places of code)-to be determined to the nearest
tenth mile from the bluelines in the Instream Flow Evalu~tion office.
Rivermile
1 a 1 2 M
:Placement:
Code
1
Set
#
·B
Gage
Placement Code (fifth place)-indicates whether a gage is placed in a
slough (S),at the head of a slough (H),in a tributary (T),in the
mainstem (M),at an R&M cross-section (X),or Wfor mouth of slough.
SET (sixth place)- a single digit which identifies a group of staff gages
within a site which were set to measure the full range of stage
fluctuations at a given point.
GAGE (seventh pl ace)- a 1etter i denti fying a gage wi thin a set.Letters
will be assigned alphabetically,beginning with the gage nearest shore.
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"'1 -Tnwmw·"
STAFF GAGE NUMBERING FORMA T
RIVER MILE
I
I,
hAce'·
MENT
TYPE
,,--,
SET'GAGE
\
PLACEMENT TYPE CODE
Mainstem =M
Slough =S
Slough Mouth =W
Slough Head"H
Tributary =T
R&M Cross Seellon X
Example B:~C/.
Maln.tem Gage ~,...'
Site 101.5M3/\~
Example 0:
Slough Gage
100.5StC
Example C:Slough Hev:a.:d:..;S:,:I::,t,:e:.-_--::l
101.0H2C'J
..Gaoe leUe.s 85sioned hom shale outward.
k Rtver mUe C·RM)_will be detormi"od from the bll.leUnes to the nearesl 0.1 mile.
(For trlbut.ary sHes,lilier mile wllf b_e for the oolnl ot mainsfem/1r1but411fY con-ffl.lence).
Figure 8.Summarizes the staff gage numbering procedure.
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F"
!
fishwheel/sonar site gages will be read daily and the FHU six slough and
five mainstem site staff gages will be read once per week.
A staff gage form (AH-82-0)will be used for the gage data and includes the
date,time,gage number,gage reading,actual depth and a comment section,
(refer to form AH-82-0 and instructions in FY 83 addendum).Total depth is
determined by placing a staff gage or wading rod adjacent to the installed
gage and reading the water surface.The total depth minus the gage reading
determines any substrate change (i.e.silting),influencing the gage
reading.A gage site description (i.e.Slough 19 head)will be included
under the comments section as will any pertinent information at the
particular gage site.At gage sites with all dewatered or SUbmerged gages,
the furthest gage from shore will be recorded on the staff gage form under
gage reading,"DRY"when dewatered or "SUBM"when submerged.Suppl ementa 1
gages will be installed as soon as possible to ensure that the water
surface is being monitored.The exception is when the entire channel is
dewatered.
Discharges will be obtained on a transect to be surveyed by R&M Consultants
pri or to obta ini ng a di scha rge.A staff gage wi 11 be i nsta 11 ed at each
discharge site and read before and after collecting the discharge data.
R&M Consultants wi 11 i niti ate the di scharge measurements at each site by
obtaining the first of at least three discharge measurements to be used to
develop stage/discharge rating curves.ADF&G will collect further
discharge data at specified study sites to ensure that rating curves will
be developed.These sites will be determined and set when possible by R&M
to also estimate reach specific streamflows.Mainstem discharge
information will be obtained from the closest USGS gaging station as a
control.Refer to the Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Phase I Procedures
Manual for discharge measurement procedures.
Daily discharge information from Gold Creek and Sunshine USGS stations will
broadcast to all field camps to familiarize field staff with the flow
levels they are observing.
Water quality will also be recorded at each discharge site on transect at
intervals necessary to characterize the water quality present.
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Surface water temperatures will be recorded in selected mainstem sites and
major tributaries using Ryan J-90 continuously monitoring thermographs
(refer to AH FY 82 Procedures Manual).Intragravel and surface water
temperatures will be monitored at six selected sloughs and spawning sites
by Omnidata DP 2301 recorders.Procedures for the Omnidata recorders will
be standardized by the Dryden and LaRue company area representatives for
Onmidata.
At each surface water monitoring temperature station instantaneous water
temperature measurements will be made at 1.5 feet beneath the water surface
at approximately 100 foot intervals along a transect once per month through
October.Instructions for placement of thermographs are included in the
Phase 1 AH Procedures Manual.
Level of Effort and Frequency of Sampling:
Two crews of two people will be deployed from the Yentna River to Portage
Creek.One crew will concentrate on the RJ Fish Distribution sites from
the Yentna River to Lane Creek and the other crew will be assigned to the
sites located from Lane Creek to Portage Creek.Both crews will also share
those areas between the Yentna River and Portage Creek when their efforts
are necessary.The standard schedule will consist of seven days of field
duty,three days in the offi ce and four days off.Each site wi 11 be
inspected two times per month.
Upper River Fish Habitat Utilization (Impoundment Study)
The flooding of clearwater stream reaches,the mainstem Susitna,and nearby
lakes will alter the aquatic environment that presently supports
populations of resident fish.To assess the potential loss of these
habitats and to determine the mitigation activities necessary,the
resources to be affected require documentation to determine the nature and
extent of these popul ations and thei r dependence of parti cul ar habitat
conditions.A more detailed background description of these studies is
presented in the sub-objectives section (Sub-objective 4).
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Study Site:
The study 1ocat ions for the summer FY83 impoundment surveys wi 11 i ncl ude:
the eight major tributary streams [Fog Creek (RM 176.7),Tsusena Creek (RM
181.3),Deadman Creek (RM 186.7),Watana Creek (RM 194.1),Kosina Creek (RM
206.8),Jay Creek (RM 208.5),Goose Creek (RM 231.3)and Oshetna River (RM
233.4)]upstream from their confluence with the Susitna River to the
proposed level of impoundment;the first mile of each of these streams
immediately above the Proposed Impoundment Elevation (PIE);five mainstem
sites located between the mouth of Deadman Creek and Jay Creek;and Sally
Lake.As time permits,additional lakes both inside and .outside the
proposed impoundment boundary will be assessed.Various sloUghs and side
channels of the main Susitna River may also be added.
Methods:
Water quality data (dissolved oxygen,pH,conductivity,water temperature
and turbidity)will be collected near the mouth of each study tributary
upstream of any influence from the main Susitna.These data will also be
collected in the area of the first mile of stream above the PIE,all
mainstem sampl ing sites and representative areas of major lakes under
study.
Additional water temperature data on tributary streams will be collected by
placement of thermographs near the mouth of Tsusena,Watana,Kosina and
Goose creeks and the Oshetna River.
The "habitat location"of each of the major study tributaries will include
that portion of the stream from the major clearwater influence with the
Susitna River,upstream to the PIE.This area will be divided into three
distinct habitat types based on their physical characteristics.These are:
1.The confluence habitat encompasses that area of the Susitna River
be low the mouth of the tri buta ry wh i ch is i .ofl uenced by the
tributary stream flow,the mixing area,and that area of the
tributary which is influenced by the rise/fall of the Susitna
River.
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~------,.,-----------------~---
!
!~
2.The pool habitat is comprised of the large pools within the
tributaries between the mouth and the proposed impoundment
elevation where the majority of the resident fish have been
observed to reside.
3.The riffle habitat will include those stretches of each tributary
located between the major pool areas in the reach between the
mouth of the tributary and the impoundment elevation.These
areas are comprised of smaller pools,rock eddies,riffles,and
whitewater.
The mouth area is self explanatory.The pool areas will be designated by
the biologists in the field,permanently marked,recorded,and described.
The riffle areas will then be the stretches of stream between the
designated pools.
Aerial photographs of the entire habitat location correlated with map
contours and elevations will then allow tributary river miles for each area
to be calculated,and a scaled map to be drawn.
Pool habitat sites will be calculated on the basis of the total number
identified.Riffles will be calculated as the total length of stream miles
in which they are located.
Any documented spawning areas of Arctic grayling or other selected species
within these study areas will be identified and the basic physiochemical
and hydrological characteristics will be assessed.This will include
velocity,depth and substrate data in addition to basic water quality.
Level of Effort:
The impoundment crew wi 11 consi st of two AH bi 01 ogi sts and two RJ
biologists operating out of a fixed-base camp located at the mouth of
Watana Creek (RM 194.1).Surveys of the main Susitna River and selected
tributaries will be conducted primarily on foot utilizing helicopter and
river boat support.Lake studies wi 11 be conducted by rafts or on foot
with helicopter support to and from the study area.
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Schedule of Activities and Frequency of Sampling:
Surveys will be conducted in May,June,July,August and September 1982.
Sampling will be conducted once a month at each of the study locations.
Sampling trips are scheduled for 15 days per month.
Based on the relative lack of success encountered utilizing standard
sampling procedures during the winter 1981-82 studies,and the high degree
of success attained with winter 1981-82 radio telemetry studies,this type
of program will be implemented in the impoundment area;Arctic grayling
will be the target species.Radio transmitter implantation will be
conducted in September before freeze-up and radio tracking at periodic
intervals will continue through May 1983.During this period overwintering
habitats of Arcti c grayl ing wi 11 be i dentifi ed and the general habitat
characteristics (water quality,velocity,depth,etc.)will be assessed.
Contingencies
During the course of the summer field program,alternative methods for
sampling or changes in study sites will be employed when it has been
determined that the overall objectives of these studies can be best met
through modifications of the existing program.On occasion,limited,one
time experiments wi 11 be performed to test the 1 imitations of sampl i ng
methods,or test some hypotheses as to the validity of some of the
assumptions as to the importance of selected factors affecting the
distribution and abundance of species.In addition,examination of
additional selected sites will be performed on a limited basis when a
specifi c questi on as to the importance of a site as a habitat or for a
species or other information regarding the overall objectives can be
obtained with minimal additional effort.Additions to appendix 8,the
instrument instruction,will be made as new equipment is obtained.
-84-
~I
I....
D.DATA PROCESSING
Workplan
The work plan for meeting the data processing and data base management
objective of the data processing support unit is based primarily on the
procedures developed during fiscal year (FY)1982.During this time
period,data collected from the winter of 1980 through the spring of 1982
was cataloged,summarized,and analyzed.Data base management consists of
a four step process which can be summarized as:
1
I
l.....
1.Data entry,including coding and keying.
i
!
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l
2.Data verification,i.e.checking keyed data for accuracy and
validity.
1
I
\-
3.Error correction.
Data Entry:
Step two and three above are generally implemented in a recursive manner
until all mistakes are "caught"and corrected.
Entry of data into the computer was primarily accomplished during FY 1982
through a three step process:
into a computer data base management
retrieval,reformatting and report
Load;ng of corrected data
system,for slJbs-equent
production.
4.
1.Hand coding of data from field data forms onto computer key punch
forms.
2.Keypunching of data from keypunch forms to computer punch cards.
-85-
,....
3.Loading of data from cards to computer disk storage and
eventually onto computer tapes.
The procedure of coding,keypunching,and loading of the data was necessary
due to -vast quantities of data which needed to be processed in a short
period of time,and the availabil ity of only one microcomputer during FY
1982.The addition of two microcomputers and additional staff to the data
processing support unit will allow for direct entry of data from field data
forms into the microcomputer during FY 1983.A software package called
DATASTAR (Micropro 1980a)is used for entry of data via a customized
computer data IIform ll
•
Data entry via the software package DATASTAR is generally in the same
format as the field data form upon which the data is recorded.Design of
computer based forms for use in DATASTAR is via the companion software
package called FORMGEN (procedures to be used during form design are
detailed in the next section).The major exception to data entry via
DATASTAR is in the case of wordy comments or notes,which have lel1gths
(i.e.number of characters)which can not be anticipated or controlled.
Notes or comments of thi s type wi 11 be coded,keyed,and punched in the
same manner as the data was in FY 1982,except that keypunching will take
place directly with the microcomputer's full screen editor (SCOPE,Vector
Graphic 1981).Keypunch coding form design is detailed in the Coding Form
Design section.
DATASTAR Form Design:
Computer-based forms for data entry via DATASTAR are designed via the
companion software program called FORMGEN (MicroPro 1980a).Specific
deta il s of the operati on of FORMGEN and DATASTAR are presented in the
DATASTAR User1s Guide (MicroPro 1980a).General principles to be used
during form design is included in the following text.
Computer-based forms are designed to recreate as much as possible the
arrangement and appearance of the field data form.FORMGEN is used to
-86-
r-
,
....
create forms for the CRT (cathode-ray tube)screen of the mi crocomputer
which have two major components:
1.Background text,that is text which is usually printed onto the
field form and is not actual data.
2.Data fields,that is areas where data can be entered during the
data entry stage via DATASTAR.
Background text can be formatted in any manner using all the "pr intable"
characters of the CRT screen (except the underline),but is generally
designed to duplicate the format of the field data form.
Data fields are positioned and created (by underl ine characters)in the
same positions as those of the field data form.The number of characters
for each data field is determined either directly from the field form or by
consultation with field biologists,who know the scale and accuracy of
measurements to be recorded in each data field.Additional characteristics
(besides scale and accuracy)are associated with each data field.These
characteristics include:
1.Order (order in which data entry will occur).
2.Padding (e.g.pad field with blanks or zeros).
3.Verification (verify data during data entry).
4.Edit mask:
a.Entry control mask (e.g.enter or leave blank,constant
value,constant decimal point).
b.Content control mask (e.g.allowable characters,that is
numbers or alphabetics,or both,etc.).
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,
il~
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,,..
-
These data field characteristics are chosen to maximize ease,efficiency,
and accuracy of data entry via OATASTAR.Note that all fields should be
padded with either blanks,or zeros and these edit characters should be
IIrecordedll .
An additi ona 1 IIdata fi el dll is incorporated in each computer form.Thi s
field is not a data item on the original field data form.This item is
termed Observation 10 (OBSIO).The OBSIO serves three purposes:
1.A unique identifier for each individual page of a particular
field data form.
2.A sorting and identifing variable for use by OATASTAR (i.e.a key
field).
3.As a case identifier for the hierarchical data base system used
on the Boeing mainframe computer system (this data base system
utilizes a software package called Scientific Information
Retrieval (SIR 1979),and is detailed in a later section).
Assignment of OBSIO numbers is a sequential series of "numbers (e.g.1,2,
3,etc),each series of numbers being unique to a particular field data
form •.
Forms created via FORMGEN can generally be designed to recreate the field
data form on the CRT screen.However,in some cases,the number of data
fields of the form exceeds the maximum number of fields (245)allowed by
FORMGEN.In these cases the field data form is IIdivided ll into two (or
more)different computer based forms.Background text and data field items
which are necessary for identification of a particular page (e.g.OBSIO)of
data is repeated in both computer-based forms.
Coding Form Design:
As previously mentioned notes and comments recorded on field data forms
wi 11 not be entered into the computer vi a OATASTAR.These notes and
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comments will be coded on keypunch coding forms.for later entry via the
microcomputer's editing system (SCOPE).The principles for design of forms
for coding notes and comments are essentially the same as those principles
used duri ng FY 1982 for des i gn of all keypunch codi ng forms.Each form
consist of a legal-sized (8 1/2"X 14")piece of paper with 80 columns and
20 rows (Figure 9).The first 21 columns of every coding form is of a
standard format.The first column is labeled card type and takes on a
value of 1-9 and is used in cases where more than one type of card is
needed to code data from field data forms (e.g.whole page comments on card
type 1 and individual 1 ine notes on card type 2)(Note card type is
equivalent to record type in SIR data base schema definition).The next
eight columns (2-9)are for coding of four possible ·sort identifier
variables (S.I.D.#I S 1-4)of two columns each,which can take on a value
of 00 to 99.S.I.D.variables can be used for a variety of reasons,but
are generally used to match up individual card images (80 column records)
with each other.For example,S.LD.#l is always coded as 00 if the
information to be coded in the data fields (columns 22-80)is of a whole
page nature (that is heading information).If the information to be
recorded in the data fields is related to a specific Illine ll of the field
data form,then S.I.D.#1 is coded as the particular line number (e.g.02
for line #2).Accordingly,S.I.D.#1 is used to match up information
between information coded on more than one card type or individual card
image (i.e.a continuation card).Note that S.LD.#1 is always coded.
S.I.D.#2 is usually used to code a card image's continuation order.That
is S.I.D.#2 is coded as 01 if it is the first in a series of card images
which refer to a unique combination of OBSID (page number)and SID #1
(whole page,00,or line number).SID #2 need not be coded if only one
card image is needed to code for a particular type of information.
S.I.D.#3 and #4 are generally not used and are accordingly available for
exceptional cases.One case in which S.LD.#3 and #4 was used during
FY 1982 is in the case of correlating data coded on different types of
forms (e.g.point specific data with catch data).In this instance S.I.D.
#3 and #4 are combined into one variable called catalog number.Catalog
numbers are then used to relate the fish catch of a particular.piece of
-89-
#
• -N l"l ~Q...• •
,~
...a a a a Obs For m
~j:tn VJ Ul ID *
12 •;l~;'~;;";,,~,;;;,,~,-;,-;,;~;~~2~U"'~'2'~'~'"1~2n ~.~I.24H ••!<e.,•••UI 2~'50 .,.:57"""1'''2 .~.~,;.,..'.'..~Ir~:;'f·r;,r.FF-F~~
I I I I:!:I !
I :!;,T:iT
, I I I !I I I
I 11 I I ,T i iT
-ffi 1-',,'.>-.."--f--f-_.-+-1+++++-i-~-+-~I-I--~-+-+4-+-++-+-+-+-I-+-+-+++-Hf-+~-.+H+H j +H;·'H,'~.~-
:--H-l--'I·+-H-+++I--+-I-t+-+-+-t-I-t-H-+-+++-t--'H-+-+++-H,...f-H-++-H-l-H-++++-+-I,...f-++++-H-+-t-.-,+-+++.........4 -t .....~:::"~~l--.>.-'>-.'.~----.,.---1-;+1·"t++-HJJH :';-H·H-
>-->-.--1-+-++++-+-+-1--,..-f--rr I I !:!l-tt:'Tr~-+T
H-+-~+~+4-1··-.
Figure 9.Facsimile reduced reproduction of keypunch coding form template.
-90-
,-.-~.;---'-.---'-'---'"",
--
gear with the water depth and velocity (and other pertinent data)
associated with the habitat in which the gear was set.Catalog numbers are
also used to relate biological data (e.g.length,age,and sex)of fish
collected with point specific habitat data.Note that catalog numbers will
be coded during FY 1983 via DATA STAR and not directly onto coding forms.
The next six columns (l0-15)of the cod"ing form is used to code OBSID,
which as previously explained uniquely identifies a particular page of a
particular field data form.This number is consecutively assigned by Data
Processing and can take a value of 000001-999999.The next six columns
(and optionally a 7th column)(columns 16-21 (22))is used to code the form
number which corresponds to the form number of the field data form (e.g.
AH8206).
The final 59 columns (22-80)of each card image is used to code data,that
is notes and comments.If a note or comment associated with a whole page
or a particular line of the field data form can not be coded in 59 columns,
then the data is continued in the next card image and SID #2 is used to
order which card image is first,second,etc.
Data Entry via DATASTAR:
Procedures for data entry into the microcomputer via the software package
DATASTAR onto computer-based forms generated via FORMGEN is detailed in the
DATASTAR User's Guide (MicroPro 1980a).In addition to the procedures
outlined in the user's guide,the software of DATASTAR provides IIHelp
Screens ll whi ch allow for immedi ate access whil e on the mi crocomputer to
instructions and explanations to the data entry (and modification)
procedures of DATASTAR.
Coding of Notes and Comm~nts:
Notes and comments recorded on fi el d data forms need to be coded onto
keypunch codi ng forms pri or to data entry into the mi crocomputer.There
are two basic types of notes or comments:
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---~.- -,.
--_._-"'~~-'-'._...
--
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1.Whole page that is information recorded relates to the entire
page of data
2.Individual line,that is information relates to an individual
line of data on the page.
The coding procedure for both types of data is identical except for "the
coding of S.I.D.#1.The procedure to be followed for coding 5.1.0.#1 is
detailed in the Coding Form Design section.Coding of additional S.1.D.
variables along with OBSID and other identifying information is also
detailed in the Coding Form Design section.Coding of the note or comment
information is generally exactly as it appears on the field data form onto
columns 22-80 of the coding form for as many continuation cards as are
needed (if continuation cards are used S.1.D.#2 needs to be coded to
indicate order of the card images).Standard and well-recognized
abbreviations can be used but should be avoided if at all possible.When
continuing information from one card to the next care must be taken to
allow for the proper separation of words.If the last character in a word
is coded in column 80 of one card image then column 22 of the continuing
card image should be left blank in order to separate the last word from the
next.Conversely,if·a word needs to be separately coded onto two card
images columns 80 of the first and column 22 of the next card image should
not be blank.Note dash (-)characters should not be used to indicate
splitting of a word.
Data Entry of Coded Forms VIA SCOPE:
The microcomputers which Data Processing uses come installed with Vector
Graphic's full screen editing software package called SCOPE.Specific
details of the operation of SCOPE is included in the SCOPE Reference Manual
(Vector Graphic 1981).SCOPE also provides on-line help screens which can
be used when simple problems arise during data entry.
Data Verification:
-92-
_____',,~_~_r.~.
_,.~.~-_••_"-,_"_-"'__'c,="~__,,_~-"'~~~'="":"-"-~~__C----"'~"":::.-=.-6~",~,..:._'.__,.~:.c-
Verification of data entered into the microcomputer entails checking for
accuracy of data entered into the computer in comparison to data recorded
on original field data forms.The verification process occurs in three
distinct steps.
Initial or automatic verification,this is verification which
occurs during the data entry phase;and entails checking data
fields which uniquely identify a page (DATASTAR)or a card image
(SCOPE)(e.g.08SIO,data S.I.O.#1 and #2,etc.).
Secondary verification,which entails checking of all keyed data
fields from standardized computer printouts against field data
forms.
I
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~2.
-
3.Computerized data checking via customized computer programs,
these programs are written to check for.
a.Valid values using reference computer files (e.g.species
codes).
b.Valid ranges (minimum and maximum values).
,~
4."Final"check,which entails production of summary computer
printouts with minimum and maximum values of keyed-in variables,
which are then checked against field data forms and checked for
"biological"validity.
The 1ast three verifi cati on steps are impl emented iteratively after the
error correction procedure.Steps 2 and 3 above are sometimes followed in
the reverse order.Step 4 above may require input from field biologists to
complete.
Error Correction:
Correction of keying errors discovered during the verification process
outlined above is accomplished in a similar manner as data entry.However,
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,~
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only those data fields requlrlng correction need to be reentered.When
using OATASTAR the particular page (as indentified by OBSIO)is brought to
the screen by scanning the data file by "key mode",making the appropriate
correction and then filing that particular page (Note specific details of
this procedure are included in the OATASTAR User's Guide (r~icroPro 1980a).
After all corrections are made in a OATASTAR file the IlFile Maintenance ll
procedure of OATASTAR should be followed.
When using SCOPE the particular card image line in the data file in which
an error occurs,must be brought up to the screen (by scrolling or jumping)
(note the line number is ascertained from the printout).The OBSIO,and
S.1.0 #IS should be compared to ensure that the correct line has been
found.The error should then be corrected in the same manner as during
data entry.Finally when all corrections are made to the file needed,the
editor should be commanded to exit and file the corrected data file (see
the SCOPE Reference Manual (Vector Graphic 1981)for more details).
OATASTAR to SIR Data File Format:
The microcomputer data files produced by OATASTAR are not in a format which
can be used in the hierarchical data base system of SIR,which is used on
the mainframe computer system (see Data Base Management section).The
files produced by OATASTAR are fixed length records with carriage
return-line feeds ending each lIrecord".The record length is determined by
the number of positions in all the data fields of one page of·data plus one
comma to separate each data field.Each OATASTAR record contains
information which is usually represented in multiple card image types for
input to the SIR data base system.Accordingly,the data in one DATA STAR
record needs to be reformatted into the appropriate SIR data card image
types.The number and format of the new card images to be produced from
each OATASTAR record is determined by referral to the appropriate SIR data
base Schema defination (see Data Base Management Section).Data in each
OATASTAR record is reformatted into card images which have a set format for
the first 21 (22)columns.These first 21 columns are formatted exactly
the same as was described in the Coding Form Design Section (i.e.card type
in column 1,S.1.0."#IS 1-4 in coulmns 2-9,OBSIO is columns 10-15,and
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,"""
-.
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Form number in columns 16-21).Each DATASTAR record contains data which
describes information,which pertains to the whole page and data which
pertains only to an individual line of data.
Whole page information is reformatted into card image files which have
S.LO.#1 (columns 2-3)coded as 00.For one particular card type of whole
page i~formation (e.g.geographic location,i.e.geographic code,Susitna
River mile,tributary river mile,and sampling location)one card image is
produced from each individual DATASTAR record.However,more than one card
image type may be needed to code all the whole page information due to
there only being 59 columns on each card for data coding.
Information contained on an individual line of the original field form and
in the OATASTAR record is reformatted into as many card image types as
necessary (note only 59 columns available for data in each card image).In
all cases S.I.O.#1 is coded as the particular line number corresponding to
the original field data form.
When more than one OATASTAR form is required to code one field data form
(see DATASTAR Form Design Section)information from all the types of
DATASTAR forms needs to be combined.Whole page information only needs to
be reformatted from one of the DATASTAR forms.However,whole page
information from the other forms should be compared to the reformatted
version to ensure accuracy.Individual line information is reformatted
from all OATASTAR files and then combi'ned according to card type.Note,
that in these cases care must be taken that S.I.D.#1 is coded according to
the line number of the original field data form not the line number of each
individual DATASTAR form.
Reformatting of DATASTAR files to card image files is accomplished by
execution of customized microcomputer programs written in one of the
high-level programming languages generally PL/I-80 (Digital Research 1980)
is used as it is a language ideally suited for reformatting and operates
qui ckly and effi ci ently on the mi crocomputer.Reformatting programs need
to be indivi dually written for each DATASTAR form type.Accordi ngly,
specific procedures to follow in creating the appropriate programs is
-95-
..-
-
,.....
-
determined by the particular DATASTAR form type and the appropriate SIR
data file format.When executing these reformatting programs the operator
should confirm that DATASTARls IIFile Maintenance ll procedure has been
followed .
Data Base Management
Data base management includes two major tasks:
1.Management of data storage media (e.g.field data forms and
magnetic computer disks and tapes).
2.Management of the data itself (e.g.records or observations,
variables,etc.).
The above tasks can be subdivided further by the two different computer
systems utilized by the data processing support unit:
1.The microcomputer system with its associated computer diskettes.
2.The mainframe Boeing Computer Services EKSI-CDC 6000 computer
with its on-line disk storage and off-line tape storage.
Microcomputer Data Storage Management:
Data is stored in four formats associated with the inhouse microcomputer
system:
1.Original field data forms.
2.On-line hard magnetic disk files.
3.Off-line floppy magnetic disk files.
4.Paper computer printouts of data.
-96-
-Management of original field data forms primarily consist of filing forms
according to:
1.Project orlgln (i.e.AA-adult anadromous,AH-aquatic habitat,and
RJ-resident and juvenile).
-
-
-
-
-
2.Form type (e.g.AH 8206-thermograph data).
3.Observation identification number (OBSID,see sections on
DATASTAR and coding form design).
Computer di sk fil es (both on and off 1 ine)are Ilmanaged"primarily by
on-line software provided ~ith the microcomputer or written inhouse.
Specific details of operating the software are provided in various
operating manuals.G.eneral utility programs along with their purpose and
associated operating manuals are listed in Table 2.
-97-
-
~~_,_"_~_~."__=_~,~.~_..._.'~~.~..,_..~"c.,~~~~,,~-~."'~""__~~_~"_"__',-----------,-----.."---,,._...---,,-.....,,_.,,__..-.-~__"
Table 2.General microcomputer utility programs used for data base
management.
-
Program
Name Purpose
Manual
Reference
-.
-
ERA erase fil es Vector Graphic (1979a)
DIR list files Vector Graphic (1979a)
REN rename files Vector Graphic (1979a)
TYPE type files on CRT Vector Graphic (1979a)
screen
STAT list status of files,Vector Graphic (1979a)
disks,system
PIP copy files between Vector Graphic (l979a,b)
disk/user area
SC data entry Vector Graphic (1981)
SUBMIT /XSUB operate in IIbatch ll mode Vector Graphic (1979a,b)
SUPSORT sort/merge data within MicroPro (l980b)
and between files
CATALOG catalog disk files SRX Systems (1981)
DATASTAR/FORMGEN data entry MicroPro (1980a)
-98-
1-·
I
r,
1-..
!
_.
~__~~,~.~"",-_._~_--.....=~"_'0.<__.•~__•__"_---..,.-,-_.-~-....---'.-------,-------.•_-_~_,--
Data files are entered into the microcomputer via DATASTAR or SCOPE (SC)
usually onto on-line hard disk files.During the data entry,verification,
and error correcti on phase,these on-l i ne fil es shoul d be copi ed onto
back-up off-line floppy disks on a daily basis.
An individual floppy disk is assigned to each data file type (i.e.DATASTAR
files and SCOPE files associated with one field data form,e.g.AH8206).
Each floppy disk in turn is also duplicated onto a back-up disk (this is
due to the fragile nature of floppy disks).
Each data floppy disk is cataloged via the on-line CATALOG command.
Specific details of operating CATALOG are listed in the CATALOG operating
manual (SRX Systems 1981).
After daily backup to floppy disks,the catalog is updated.for each
individual cataloged disk with the associated date/time that the backup
procedure occured.
I~
-
After all data entry,verifications,and error correction has occurred the
fi na 1 version of each data fil e is copi ed onto the appropri ate floppy
disks,the catalog is updated.to reflect the final nature of the data
files,and the on-line hard disk versions are erased (ERA).Erasures of
any files (on hard or floppy disks)should be approved by the DP unit's
Systems Analyst or Biometrician.Approval to erase is not necessary for
certain files which are automatically generated by the system
(e.g.*.BAK files).
In addition to copying data files to off-line floppy diskette storage,any
customized programs used to verify,list,correct,or produce reports for
each type of data form should also be filed on the appropriate floppy disk
(note that the catalog should reflect the purpose of each program).
Computer printout listings of data and source programs are filed separately
according to field data form type (e.g.AA8214)in computer printout
binders.Each listing should have the date and time of production listed
on the first sheet of the printout.
-99-
~
io
I'
-
-
-
-
.....
.-
-
Microcomputer Data Base Management:
Management of data (i.e.observations and variables)via the microcomputer-
system is essentially equivalent to data storage management outlined above.
Essentially,most IItrue ll data base management occurs on the mainframe
computer system,as outlined in a later section.However,various
procedures are carried out on the microcomputer system which is in support
of the mainframe data base management system.
These procedures include:
1.Reformatting data files from DATASTAR format to SIR card-type
files.
2.Creation and editing of IIprogramll files to be used on the Boeing
Computer system.
3.Transmitting and receiving files to and from the mainframe
computer system.
Reformatting data is accomplished via customized computer programs usually
written in PL/I-80 (Digital Research 1980).Program files are
created/edited on the microcomputer's fullscreen editing system (SCOPE,
Vector Graphic 1981).
Transmitting and receiving data,program,and printer files between the
microcomputer system and the Boeing Computer System is via the software
packages of BSTMS (Byrom Software 1980)and SEND (written inhouse).
Mainframe Computer Data Storage Management:
Data storage medium associated with the Boeing mainframe computer system is
in two different formats:
1.On-line magnetic disk.
-100-
.....
.....
·.~_...-
2.Off-line magnetic tapes (located in Bellevue,Washington).
Transfer of data to the on-line disk storage is via BSTMS/SEND as outlined
in the previous section.Data and program files stored on-line should be
backed up to tape on a daily basis,if they are modified in any manner.In
addition any file which is not consistently used (or accessed)should be
purged from on-line storage in order to reduce computer charges.Purging
of files s~ould only occur after the backup procedure to tape has occurred
and only with permission of the Systems Analyst or Biometrician.
Transfer fi 1es between di sk and tape storage formats is vi a the software
packages of UDUMPIT/ULOADIT.Details of operating the Boeing Computer
Systems on-line utility procedures are listed in the appropriate manuals.
Mainframe Computer Data Base Management:
Data manipulation,retrieval,listing,and reporting operations,on the
mainframe computer will be managed via the software package of
SIR(Scientific Information Retrieval,SIR 1979).
SIR is a hi erarchi ca 1 record-ori ented data base management system (DBMS)..
Accordingly,information stored for a particular data base can be
"tree-structured".For example,only one record/observation needs to be
stored for information describing a whole page of data,while multiple
records/observations are stored for information describing the individual
lines of data on the.original field data form.SIR has keys which allow
for easy access to the appropriate whole-page type of data associated with
each individual line of data.The majority of data bases created via SIR
~by the Data Processi ng Support Unit wi 11 be structured accordi ng to the
format and nature of the field data form on which the data was originally
recorded.However,some of the data bases will consist of combinations of
separate data bases (e.g.catch of fish and aquatic habitat'associated with
the catch).
Specific details of data base creation,loading,updating,maintenance,and
report production is included in the SIR User's Manual .(SIR 1979).
-101-
"""
....
-
....
Interfacing of SIR to the statistical software of SPSS (SPSS 1970)and BMDP
(Dixon and Brown 1979)is also outlined in the SIR User's Manual.
In addition to using SIR's built-in reporting procedures along with the
statistical packages of SPSS and BMDP,customized reporting programs can be
written in CDC FORTRAN (CDC 1980b)or CDC COBOL (CDC 1980a).Data files to
be used in these programs can be ori gi na 1 fi 1es as recei ved from the
mi crocomputer or fi 1es reformatted,combi ned,or sorted by SIR or CDC
Sort/Merge (CDC 1980c).
Data listing and report printer files can be printed on the high-speed line
printer located at Boeing1s Remote Job Entry (RJE)site in Anchorage,
However,letter quality printing can be accomplished by the microcomputer's
printer via the following procedures:
1.IIS ave ll printer output from various programs (e.g.SIR)in file
format.
2.Wrap the file,i.e.run the FORTRAN program WRAP which formates
the printer file for sending to the microcomputer.
3.Send the file to the mi~rocomputer (via BSTMS).
4.Unwrap received file,i.e.run PL/I-80 UNWRAP program on
microcomputer.
5.Print file with PL/I-80 PRINTCC command.
,.....-102-
..-
,-
~-
.....
111.DATA PROCEDURES
A.ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Side Scan Sonar Operations
1.PRINTER TAPE STAMP:Each day I s printer tape wi 11 be stamped
(Figure 1)at the beginning and end of the tape as well as
anytime during the day that control settings are changed.Each
morning the tape is to be removed from the counter,stamped on
both sides of the tear and filled with the same information on
each stamp •
2.DAILY LOG FOR SIDE SCAN SONAR COUNTER FORM:This is a summary of
changes in controls which will be up,dated daily (Table 1).The
information is necessary when interpreting sonar counts and
calibration factor data.
3.SIDE SCANNER COUNTER LOG FORM:Details the mechanics of
operation of the counter,substrate and related equipment (Table
2).Any apparent malfunctions should be recorded with
description,frequency,and consistency noted.Also,changes in
sensitivity,spare card changes,raising or moving of substrate,
anticipated problems,and needed repairs on equipment.This is
the place where suggestions on improving operations,notes on
river conditions which might have an effect on the equ~pment,and
general comments should be noted.
4.DAILY SONAR COUNTS FORM:Sonar counts from printer tapes are
entered by hour and sector (Table 3).Counts which register
debris or are skipped in printing should be noted with a "d"or
" S"in the appropriate hour-sector box.Enter "0"if there are
no counts.To tabul ate data:An average of the hour on each
side of a skip will be used to interpolate for the debris or skip
block.Counts should be totalled for each sector and each hour.
The grand total is the total of all sectors or all hours (they
-103-
should be equal).This is known as the "daily raw count".After
each day·s counts are tabulated and reported,printer tapes and
SSS count forms are to be pl aced in notebooks and sent to the
main office every two weeks.
,....
-
--
-I
5.SIDE SCAN SONAR COUNTER FIELD COUNTER CALIBRATION LOG FORM:Raw
counts will be calibrated in season by visual monitoring of the
counters with an oscilliscope.Counters will be calibrated a
minimum of four times daily.All calibration counts are to be
recorded on the Side Scanning Sonar Counter Field Calibration Log
form (Table 4).
\
-104-
-
,.,..
Location:
~Date:Time:
Beam Angle:
Velocity:
Dead Range:
'"'"'
Live Range:
Observer:
Remarks:
~
-
l~
Figure 1.Printer tape stamp.
-105-
~.,
f·:
._--_._--_._-----
:'~Iable 1.Daily log for side scan counter,AA-82-12
Page of AA-82-12
DAILY LOG FOR SIDE SCAN SONAR COUNTER
_________Station BanI::SIN:_
-
Corrmand Auto
Fish Beam Dead Counting Print Printout Test
Date Time Velocity Angle Range Range Time Time Time
i
i
!I-,
,
i
I
,
,.,,,
1
I
-106-
i
i·
r
'~---"""""""''''''''''''''.""_=..__~'c,"'_..:...............-.,...-...-,--c=::--c:-:---,-,_~
._._.__.----
.-,
Table 2.Side scanner counter log~AA-82-13
Page of AA-82-13
Side Scanner Counter Log
....
_________Station
Bank:_
I
Date Time Remarks (Le.Substrate lifted.any controls reset.etc.)
!
.
-107-
-
Table 3.Daily sonar counts,AA-82-09
-Page of
M-82-09
Daily Sonar Counts
Bank:-----------
Station:
Date:
Time 1 2
Sector
3 4 5 6 Total 7 8
Sector
g 10 11 12 Total
.....
0100
0200 I
0300 I
0400
0500 I
0600
0700
0800 I
0900 !
1000 I
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500 t
1600
1700 !
1800 i
1900 I
2000 I !,
2100 I i
2200 i
2300 I
2400 J
Total
(Total raw counts)
------(Total debris counts)
______(Total good counts)
(debris blocks)
'"'T':'"ot::-:a....l--:"go:"":o:-:ar-:::'"co""'u=n t s x 144
Total good blocks _
Adjusted Raw Count
(Sectors 1-6)_
{rota 1 raw counts)
------(Total debris counts)
(Total good counts)
------(debris blocks)
Total good counts x 144
Total good blocks ------
Adjusted Raw Count
(Sectors 1-6)_
I·i"5.',
TOTAL DAILY ESCAPEMENT (Adjusted raw count sectors 1-6 +7-12)=_
Cor1~'ENTS ON BACK
-108-
-
Table 4.Side scan sonar counter filed calibration log,AA-82-10
AA-B2-IO
SIDE SCAN SONAR COUNTER FIELD CALIBRATION LOG
SIN:Bank:Station.
observerl Percent Beam Fish IDateTimeSonarAgree-Width Velocity Sensi-CommentsScope
(Sec/H)tivity ,Count Count ment Al t ••,!""""Start stop
0)(2)0+2)100 2".4",,II,
:
i,,
I
<••.
I
...,.
.-
I
-
....
"F"
I
i
-109-
.-
Tag/Recapture Operations
Daily Procedures:
-
-
1.Daily fishwheel catches will be reported on the Daily Fishwheel
Catch Log form (Table 5 or Table 6).Each time a fishwheel is
checked,the catch will be recorded along with the corresponding
time in military hours.Following the last daily check,the
catches will be summarized and entered in the appropriate space.
2.Fish tagged at each sampling station will be recorded on the Tag
Deployment Log fo-rm (Table 7).This form may be used between
fishwheels.Information recorded on each fish tagged shall
include:date,tag number,fishwheel location,species and sex.
A summary of the tagging data by species shall be entered in the
space provided on the bottom of the form.
3.Tag recaptures from other sampling stations will be logged on the
Tag Recapture Record form (Table 8).Recorded information shall
include:fishwheel location;tag number,color and type;and
species.A summary of recapture data by species shall be entered
in the space indicated on the form.Fish recaptured at the
sampling station where they were tagged will be released and will
not be recorded on the Fi s hwhee 1 Da i1y Catch Record form or the
Tag Recapture Record form.
-110-
-
-
r
Table 5.Daily fishwheel catch log,AA-82~OlA
Page of
Date TYVIMM/DDY:/ /_____.StatTOri ---
Daily Fishwheel Catch Log
,
Fishwheel Salmon Whitefish lli sc.Total
Catch
Hours
\sockeye
Hump-eenng
Location Operated chinook pink chum coho'Round back Cisco Species No.
I IEast~ank I I
IUpperIIj
I
I
Eastbank ilower!,I
i
I !
EASTBAIlK ITOTAL
;
,
Westbank I
Upper i
1
Westbank
lower i,
I
WESTBANK
TOTAL
DAllY TOTAL
EAST AND
i I iWESTBANKi
COlTlllents:
-111-
....
-
,.,.,
,
-
Tab 1e 6.Da i ly fi shwhee 1 catch 109,AA-82-01B
Page of
Date TYV/~lM/Dtn:I I____...;Stat1Or1---
Daily Fishwheel Catch log
\
-
-
-
Fishwheel Salmon Whitefish Misc.Total
Catch
Hours !Hump-tserlng
location Operated chinook sockeYE:I pink chum coho Round back Cisco Species No.
lIorthbank
Upper
Northbank
lower
NORTHBANK
TOTAL
Southbank
Upper
Southbank
lower,
SOUTHBANK
TOTAL
CAll Y TOTAL
NORTH AND
SOUTH BANK
Comments:
-112-
Table 7.Tag deployment log~AA-82-14
•
AA-82-1~
Project Location (camp):-
Page of Tag Deployment Log
"...
-
-
-
-
!I I SEX flshwheel Ufflce Use
Date :Taq Number Species M f Location Only
I I
1
I
I
I
I
I,,
I
I
1
-113-
,~
'!"'",I
i
SIJEET SUMMARY:No.Fish Tagged.
Chinook Sockeye
Total
Pink Chum Coho
Table 8.Tag recaptured log,AA-82-19
AA-82-19
Page _of TAG RECAPTURED RECORD
""'"
-
-
-
Project Location (camp):,-1__-1 1_-1 I
Fishwheel Taq Leave Bank
Date Location Species ~olorll IType 31 (office use only)
Number
,
I,
I
:
I
,
!
,
I
.,...
I
SHEET SUM~lARY I
No.Recaptures
ChinookSockeye --------
PinkChum ---------
Coho _
TOTAL:
11 Color:Int.Orange =0
Yellow =Y
White =W
21 Flay Spaghetti S
Petersen Disc P
-114-
,-
.-
......
......
-,
....,
Mainstem Survey Operations
The Electrofishing Catch Log form (Table 9)will be completed after each
sampl ing drift.The Electrofishing Data Record for Spawning Fish form
(Table 10)will be used to record mainstem anadromous fish spawning sites
and the Adult Anadromous and Resident Spawning Site Map form (Table 11)
will be used to map these spawning areas .
The Egg Deposition Log form (Table 12)will be used to record data
collected in egg deposition sampling on suspected mainstem spawning areas.
Information recorded will include:date,site,location,and number of
eggs,live and dead,sampled .
Slough and Tributary Surveys
Foot surveys on streams and sloughs wi 11 be recorded on the Escapement
Survey Log form (Table 13).Data recorded on each survey will include,
date,stream or slough name,survey conditions,distance surveyed,live and
dead fish counted by species and number of live tagged fish by tag type and
color.The II Remarks II column,in particular will include names of survey
staff and reference to any tag loss.Tags on carcasses will be removed as
schedule permits and the information recorded on the back side of the
Escapement Survey Log form.
Aerial escapement survey data on chinook salmon will be recorded on the
Chinook Salmon Survey Log form (Table 14).Information recorded will
include:survey date,conditions,distance (or reach),and method;number
of live and dead chinook salmon counted;and surveyors name.
Mainstem Set Netting
Results of set netting by the Gol d Creek survey crew wi 11 be recorded on
the RM 150 Set Net Log form (Table 15).Information recorded will include:
date,fishing time,location and catch.
-115-
-
-
-
-
-
Bering Cisco Monitoring
The Daily Fishwheel Catch Log form (Table 5)will be used to record
fishwheel interceptions of Bering Cisco.Age and length samples will be
collected as defined in Appendix XI,Age and Length Sampling Operations -
Instructions and Coding except that lengths will be recorded to the nearest
millimeter and will be taken from the tip-of-snout to fork-of-tail.
Eulachon Survey Operations
Set netting resul t wi1l be recorded on the Eulachon --Estuarine Set
Netting Log form (Table 16).Recorded data will include site location,
date,fishing time and catch by species.
The Eulachon Spawning Location Log form (Table 17).will be used to record
where spawning is found in the mainstem.Information recorded will include
a legal description of the location,estimate of abundance and dates.
Sex composition samples will be recorded on the Eulachon Sex Composition
Log form (Table 18).Individual age (otoliths)samples will be stored in
pre-labeled vials containing a 50 percent ethanol solution.Corresponding
weight and length measurements,collectors name,date,and sampling
location will be entered in the space provided on each vial label.
-116-
--~----------------_._-----_.-
-Table 9.Electrofishing catch log,AA-82-03
AA-82-03
Electroshocking Catch Log
.....
Crew:_
Sample:_
Date (YY/MM/DD):1 1____
Time (military):_
Distance Shocked (yards):__
Conductivity:_
Location:_
Upper River Mile:_
Trib.River Mile:_
Geographic Code 11 :j__j __j_...!j_
Time Shocked (seconds):_
Surface Water Temperature:_
-Species Catch Remarks
Adult Anadromous
Chinook (041../..)..,....-_
Sockeye (042.../..)_
Coho (043../..)_
Pink (044../..)_
Chum (045../..)_
-Resident
Dolly Varden (530)
Rainbow (541)
r--Humpback Whitefish (582)
Round Whitefi sh (586)
Arctic Grayl ing (610)
r Longnose sucker (640)
\Burbot (590)
,Juveni 1e Anadromous
Chinook,-----,._
Sockeye _
Coho _
t'
,.....1/Geoqr~phic code for upper river mile
-117-
l'.
!j~-
......
-
-
Table 10.Erectrofishing data record for spawning fish,AA-82-02
M\-R?-02
Electroshocking Data Record for Spawning Fish
Crew:_
Sample:_
Date (YY/MM/DD):__1__1__
Time (military):_
location
Geographic COde l/: _1 1 1__1 I
Upper River Mile:_
Trib.River tlile:_
local Description:_
Distance Shocked (yards):_
Time Shocked (seconds):_
Electrode System:
Current Type:_
Volts:
Amperage:
Frequency:_
Pul se \~idth21 :--_
Conduct i vity:_
Remarks:
II (;eNJI',Jphic code for upppr riv<>r ,.tile
?I Modrl VVP-15 onlv
-118-
"""
-
-
-
-
-,
-
-
Table 11.Adult Anadromous &Resident spawning site map,AA-82-05
AA-82-05
Adult Anadromous &Resident Spawning Site Map
Sample:_
Date (VY/I1II/DO):_
Crew:Trib.River Mile:-----------
location:River Mile ll :GC 2/:_I I I __/I __
Description:_
II Upper river mile
2/G~oqraphif corle for upper river mile
-119-
i-;,;jpr.Qt,
Table 12.Egg deposition log,AA-82-17
-Page of AA-82-17
EGG DEPOSITION LOG
-
.-
-
-
Plot Number .NUMBER EGGS REMARKSZ/
(SeQuential)LIVE DEAD IUIAL
,
•
--
-.
.-
I TOTALS
1/(YY/MM/DD)
2/Include names of survey staff and substrate description
-120-
i::'.
'-:-.
.--,
.-
Table 13.Escapement survey log,AA-82-18
"...
,~
of AA-B2-1B
ESCAPEMeNT SURVEY lOG
-
-
!Oate 2/Survey3/!No.live Taaaed !Slough ,Species No.Observed 1
Conments SI~o./Stream I.ono.Illl.stance Surveyed !4/'I'eterson lSC ,:.paanettl
!live :Dead Total
Whitel Yellow Oranae I Yellow,Oranae
;nlnOOk
i Sockeye i J
Pink l
Chum I
Coho !!
Chinook 1 I
,SocKeYe :
Pink
lChum
Coho :
Chinook i I
Sockeye i
i
Pink
rChum :
-Coho
IChinook
:Sockeve
I Pink
I Chum i
:Coho
;.-~.
;..-
5/NOTE:Survey Personnel,Predator Activity,and tag loss,etc •.-
,~
11 Stream/Slough confluence with mainstem Susitna River
31 Survey conditions:poor,fair.good or excellent
Surveyed Distance:Note to nearest 0.1 mile
2/(YY/MH/OO)
4/Include all 1ive tagged and untagged fish.
-121-
-
Table 14.Chinook salmon survey log,AA-82-16
.....
--
-
Page _of_.AA-82-16
.~-.~..
I I I
Chinook Salmon Survey Log
I I
(VY/MM/DD)
Note:Surveyers Name,Survey reach or sub.reach if entire stream not surveyed.
Stream Survey Chinook Salmon Counted Remarks ZI
Surveyed uate 1/~letnoo onalt,ons LlVe Ileaa Iota I
f
I
I,
I I
I i
I
II,
11
2/
-
-
-
-122-
,~
-
Table 15.RM 150 set net log,AA-82-15
""'"'
-'Page _of_.
AA-82-15
RM 150 Set Net log
Site:No.1,
No.2,
No.3,
No.-,
RM 150.4
RH 150.2
RH 150.1
RH
-.
ocatl0n ,Nettlng lme2/I (;atc
Date ~lte Kwer Mlle 1 Segln j ~n<l ota I Hours I SockeYE Plnk (;hum (;ohO Uthe Remarh4/
No.
I i I
I i I
i I
I
I
I !I
II
I I
I I Ii
I i II
I i
I
1/Refer to 1981 map defining set net locations.
21 Military hours.
3/Note species composition in "Remarks"column.
4/Include names of set net staff,river flow conditions,fishing conditions,and development stage of
fish (i.e.pre-spawning,spawning or post spawning).
-123-
,
=~..."",="""''''''''=~='''''''''''...........~==...",,''''''''',....-~~''C7=c==.---C=~'"_~.-~-~".J~~-.....,-"?~,
-
Table 16.Eulachon --Estuarine set netting log,AA-82-07
AA-82-07
Page _of _Si te 1
Site 2
Site
Eulachon --Estuarine Set Netting Log
Datell Site No.Tide Fishing
Net
IN OUT
Time 2/
Total
(min.)
Catch
Eu\achon Other3!
Pre-Post
;spawners spawners·
Comments
-
-
---~..J..!----'---....;"....---l-------
!
II-yy IMM/DD
21 Mil itary Time
31 Identifv species in comment section
-124-
Table 17.Eulachon spawning location log,AA-82-06
AA-B2-06
of
Eulachon Spawning location L09 1/
Spawning Location Habitat
Date 2/RlVer fl11e
Limits (l1l0)
Lower Upper
MH1polnt
(Geographic Code)
_/__/__/_/__/
-1_.__/__/_/__/
_/__/__/_/__/
Evaluated 3/i
Yes (1)i
No (2)
i
C0ll111ents 5/
-1__/__/_/__/
_/__/__/_/__/
_/__1__/_/__/
1/Complete form on those,sites where all of the following criteria are met:A)Fish are freely expelling eggs or milt.
B)Fish are in vigorous free-swimming condition.C)Twenty or more fish are caught in the initial or subsequent
site samplin~effort which meet criteria A through B.
2/(VY/MrVDD)·3/Indicate by numerical code for yes or no.
r',
-
4/
5/
If habitat evaluated.assign a site identification number (e.g .•AH-I,AH-2)
Include subjective estimate of spawner abundance (Le .•low,moderate,high)and where possible an objective estimate.
-125-
f;
-
-
Table 18.Eulachon sex composition log,AA-82-08
IIA-B2-0B
Eulachon Sex Composition Log
Date 11 Location 2/No.Sampled Remarks 3/.
(River Mile)I Male Female Total
.
i
i I
I .
I
i
:
!
i
I
1
I
I
!
I :
I
1
,,
!
I,
I ,,I I
I I
I I
tfI,,..'I,.,:
I,
~.'.,
~.,
i
,~
1/
2/
3/
(YY/MM/DD)
Define to nearest 0.1 River Mile
Note:collectors name,spawning condition,etc.
-126-
.....
-
F'
I
I
B.RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Data forms
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries (RJ)study field data forms are
presented in Figure 2 through 12.
Table 20 presents a summary of the data forms that will be used by each of
the Resident Juvenile sub-projects.
The Phase I data forms have been modified and revised based on input from
the project biometrician and several new forms have-also been developed.,
The new biological data form (RJ 82-02)will be used whenever fish 'are
captured.The Phase I catch form was divided into two seperate forms (RJ
82-01)and (RJ 82-05).(RJ 82-01)will be used to record catches from
standard gear (i.e.minnow traps,fish traps,and trotlines)which are
fished at sampling sites on a regular basis.Catches from opportunistic
gear (i.e.gill nets,hook and line,electroshockers,and beach seines)
which are utilized less frequently or as time allows are recorded on (RJ
82-05).These forms will be used primarily by the fish distribution study
crews on the lower river.In the impoundment,where hook and line sampling
is the most used sampling technique,two different sampling forms (RJ
82-06)and (RJ 82-07)will be used to record catch by gear type.The
electrofishing crew will log their catch data on (AA 82-03).All crews
tagging fish will use the new tag deployment (RJ 82-03)and tag recapture
(RJ 82-04)forms which replace the single tagging form used last year.Two
new forms have been developed to record smolt trap catch data (RJ 82-08)
and biological data (RJ 82-09).In addition a new form has been designed
to record aquati c habitat data (AH 82-01)whi ch wi 11 be collected by RJ
fish distribution crews.This form contains information on water quality,
staff gage measurements,and substrate data.El ectroshocki ng crews wi 11
record data on (AA 82-02),(AA 82-05),(AH 82-ES-01)whenever they discover
concentrations of spawning fish or identifiable spawning sites.(AA 82-02)
will be used to record electroshocking data for spawning fish.Spawning
-127-
File No.03-82-7.10-2.11 ?aoe __of_-
Catch -Sp.c•••.Cod.NUMb.,
SUSITNA HYDRO STANDARD GEAR CATCH DATA RJ 82-01
FO/SFH I.I.L I.l.ocatlon RM/TRM GC - _ - - - - - - - - - -
O.te:Gear Set -:::J--/--_.Gear Pulled __/__._/__.Conector Initials ----------
TIM Ea•..,u ...
COl"PIN s ..
Figure 2.Susitna Hydro standard gear catch data form,RJ 82-01.
-128-
File No.03-82-7.10-2.7 2
susrTNA HYDRO BIOLOGICAL OAT A RJ 82-02
Pa08 __0'__
~~~:~~ft RM/TRM GC_L __L __L_L __
0.'.collected --;;:-/-;;;:-1-;;;-Conectot Initial._
SIne'"L.ft~U'l l.!.•..!-Ag.I ••••c.,..0 ..'..aH ....."....T.,NUMb.'!!"......'IL I
Cod.elft"')u ,H ••Cod,elft.)
1
2
:I
c
5
I
r !
•t
I
•U101
91/I
ul ~
13 !I I
14.I
U
II
17
16
II
20
Figure 3.Susitna Hydro biological data form,RJ 82.02.
-129-
~~~~-----~------~------"-,--,----_..,._--------
FU.NO.03-82-1.10-2.73
SUSITNA HYDRO TAG DEPLOYMENT DATA RJ 82-03
0 •••I i __tu'UN.
T ••Ny....'.'a,.,I",et••"1ft""a••,I1'"Loell'oft ieocll.".MO.eta,CO"(MM)~
0
0
ol
0
01
o!
01 ,I
o!
01
01
0
ot I
0
01
0
0
0
0
0
0
Figure 4.Susitna Hydro tag deployment data form,RJ 82-03.
-130-
FUe NO.0:)-82-7.10-2.74
SUSITNA HYDRO TAG RECAPTURE DATA RJ 82-04
I
ij 0 ...t I •0 •.,Leftot"J ",.,"'__"'b.,al._H",Loc.U..-"1'4,.,......jlCOd.r'.l1li0.d.y elM!),:
01
0
0
0 I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
10
0
0
10
0
0
Figure 5.Susitna Hydro tag recapture data form,RJ 82-04.
-131-
File No.03-82-7.10-2.75 PaOI __o'__
SUSITNA HYDRO OPPORTUNISTIC GEAR CATCH DATA RJ 82-05
FO/SFHLocation _RM/TRM _QC _1 L _~L _/_- _
Cate:Gear Set __._/_.__/a ••rpuued __!__/__conector InIUII'_
T ...£
s.t Punter Tout
...M • ,••
t 1 I 17.5'1.0-
7.5'1.S-
7.5'2.0·
7.S'2.5·
[ 1 a I 1.5'1.0-
7.5't.5-
7.5'2.0-
1.5'2.5-
t J I
I
1
CO"'Me",.:
~.--~
8.1t Hook Hook
Typ,Sin TYIU
I 9 J---+-'-+0--+-----1 __~
12
Figure 6.Susitna Hydro opportunistic gear catch data form,RJ 82.05.
-132-
FUe ~~o.03-82-1.10-2.75 O,·"__of __
SUSITNAHYDRO OP~ORTUNISTIC GEAR CATCH DATA RJ 82-05
FO/SFHLocation _
Olte:G."S.t _,__/-1 O ••r PUlled __/_,__/__ConeClor InfUall _
( 1 ~
t 1 •I t
I :3 I 1
1
f I
T ,...E Clteh -Stncl..Cod.Numb.'A.'"• ,k •a.1 Puhd Tohl .
--A'-tel""4l'~-----
9 !~·1~~_U_"I_1_-_"'_'1l_._a_ftd_'_U_O'_lt_N_O_.__
BIt!1'40.,,"Hook .
~--
Figure 7.Sus;tna Hydro alternate opportunitic gear catch data form,
RJ 82-05.'
-133-
fete No.03-82-T.'0-2.16 PaOO_OI _
SUSITNA HYDRO PRoposeo IMPOUNDMENT HOOK &LINE CATCH OA fA
RJ82-06
locaUon RM __._GC _L_-'L_L __
Oa'.__L_L_CoUecto,-.'ft.Il.I._
Reach TRM
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0,,4
0.7
0.8
Tot ••
Tim.
•
~---+--+---~~---t----""_....._...
Comments
Figure 8.Susitna Hydro proposed impoundment hook and line catch data form,
RJ 82-06.
-134-
1
'I
1
1
1
1
1
1
Paoe_o.__
SUSITNA HYDRO PROPOSED IMPOUNDMENT OTHER GEAR CoA.TCH DATA
RJ 62-07
lac,Uon RM/TnM GC _L __L __'-_L __
O,te:Sel __'-_L_Pulled __1__1__Colleclor".InIU."_
Code L •.ftgth .-
JI J
,.....Catch -Sp.c'••Cod.R.mark,
...~.t ~u".di Toh'~110 I
",H M....Stu
5
I I
Figure 9.Susitna Hydro proposed impoundmAnt other gear"'catch data form,
RlJ 82-07.
-135-
File t-~o.03-82-7.10-2.1s Pa o e _of __
SUSlTNA HYDRO DOWNSTREAM MIGRANT TRAP CATCH DATA RJ 82-08
LOta"p_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_RM~_.~_.~~L __L __L_L __L
Coneetor'.Inltlats _
Catch -Specie.Code
Rema,k •
........--+0--..-'........-000+----4---:--_.._..-+-......-......----.------..-01
I
----t---+--+--+--+---+--+---+--+---+---l~_+_-_+_-t_-t
~...-.--~--~tt--+---+--+--+--""'+--+----+---4~-+---+--t----r--+-......Il---------'-
~-__-.L..-,-.i--.....li---L..--.......-......-+o--+--+--+--+--o+---t--+---+-__!--.....f.------------.
DIU,totlt
"'---
Comment!
Figure 10.Susitna Hydro downstream migrant trap catch data form,RJ 82-08.
-136'-
fUe No.03-02-1.10-2.79 Paoe_Of __
CoUeeto,'s Initi"Is
SUSITNA HYDRO OOWNSTREAM MIGRANT TRAP OIOlOGICAl DATA.RJ 82-09
loc.tion RM _..GC _'I I__L __'_
Dale CoUoetcd __L_L _
rt.··MOft.de ..
SCat.Fate R ••••tu.'td.No.Cood-
.--._ --~-----r--.,..----,
SpecI..LeftC"~"'0 e
C.de .....)
S••c'••l.ft""C.de «_...1
led.1 fate
•••4 .....C.d_fII_••".
I-;.-~-.--J2--.
i-~...r-r-~--
<II
- -'-.+--1-----4
I.
I'
18
I'
:to.,
I
•
tI
""
20
2'
22
2'
2$
Comments
:tt
••
II
.ra.
II
.t
••.,...
..,......
10
Fi gu re 11.Susitna Hydro downstream migrant trap biological
RJ 82-09.
-137-
data form,
SUSITNAHYORO AOUATIC HABITAT FIELD DATA AH-S2-Q 1
Paoe_ot _
Collector-.Inltilis _
SUBSTRATE DATA
RM/TRM
Sampllng PerIod
WATEA QUALITY DATA
FO/SFH
location
S I molin;SHe De serlt)Ho"------------_----_
Dare __L_I__
10ft.,%0'"2 J z.o~.~a•.,'SN l--~--~r__------------------___lCod.£"'11.Do ","uftt
-~_._-'-------------------
~---t-~~--_i'-------------------l
$P'c.COl'lc.-......,.1 .1 ••
lI.t,.....oCH,
i;,'tIt"'t,
~I---.-+---...---.......------------------~
STAFF GAGE MEASUREMENTS
Gaoe NO.._
(i10'o.u oft"IJ
Svbll,•••cog ••:$lolbtU."D.,erlpllo"
SI In,..,,I If'll
SA 1'''4 Uft"
OR 0',••t 'I'")..
""U II>tuba"-,"-I"
CO _cnbt•.-....-'0"
80 tlo"IOtf 0",'If ''''I'',c"
Figure 12.Susitna Hydro aquatic habitat field data form,AH-82-01'.
-138-
Table 20.List of 1982 Su Hydro field data forms utilized by RJ
sub-projects.
Sub·project
Electroshocking and
Radio Telemetry Study
Incubation,Emeregent.
andOutmigrant Study
I Resident &Juvenile Anadromous Forms 1/
I
-
Lon Lon
(I),....0\<5 N C""'l ¢<I.J \0 co00000"'0 c:;>cr 0
I I .I I .c::I .
N N N N N N 1-N N N N
0::>0::>co co co co (I)co ~o;:j CXl........,...,"J ...,"J "J ...,...,...,...,
0:::0:::0:::0:0::ex:to 0:::0::0:::0::
Ii!.I II "I 't.'lixlxt x II',X I
t Ii!!
I III!!xl1xj
I I l !
Impoundment Study
Fish 0;stribution Study
Food Habits Study4/
IIX X X
,I .
X'X1XlXtX
I I
\I ,!
1
!
i I
11
2/
31
4{
Sample forms and discussion of specific data collect on presentp.o nRJ Appen<'1ix.
Sample forms and discussion of specific data collect on presented n AA
Samp 1e forms and di scus sian of spec i fic da ta co 11 cct on presr.ntp.o n AH
Forms for Fond Habits Study currently being drafted.
-139-
sites of adult anadromous and resident fish will be mapped on (A~82-05).
(AH 82-ES-Ol)is designed for recording aquatic habitat data at spawning
sites discovered by electroshocking crews.
Detailed instructions for coding the forms dicussed in the preceding
paragraph are explained in Appendix IX to this manual.
Specific data to be collected
Biological Data:
Biological data collected from each species will be the same as in the
Phase I studies with the following exceptions:
1.Otoliths will be collected from Dolly Varden mortalities for age
analysis instead of scales.Scales collected last year were too
small to be readable.
2.Heads of all "humpback"whitefish mortalities will be collected
in order to identify to species-by gill raker counts.
3.Cottids will also be identified to species by collecting any
cottid not readily identified as a slimy sculpin.
4.The electrofishing crew will take scale samples from the first 20
fish of each species captured and then 10 percent thereafter on a
daily basis.
Catch and Effort Data:
Catch and effort data will be recorded for each species as it was in Phase
I studies to help determine relative abundance.
Tag and Recapture Data:
-140-
,
":,
....
,-
.-
_,1IIIfIi;it.
Tag and recapture efforts have been increased duri ng the 1982 ice-free
field season with the aid of an expanded electroshocking program.
Increased numbers of tagged and recaptured fi sh wi 11 generate a greater
understanding of fish distributions and movements in the Susitna River
drainage .
Aquatic Habitat Data:
Aquati c habitat parameters will be coll ected at all fi sh di stri buti on
sampling locations and suspected spawning sites.Water quality data such
as temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen,conductivity,and turbidity will be
recorded.In additi on stage changes of the river wi 11 be monitored vi a
sta ff gage measurements and general substrate and cover cha racteri sti cs
will also be recorded.
Report Format
The reports on the studies previously identified will be prepared upon
completion of the 1982 field 'season,although variOus levels of data
processing and reporting will occur during the field season.The field
data will be transferred to the Anchorage office and filed under
appropriate categories.In addition,a field trip prospectus and a field
trip report will be submitted by each crew upon returning from the field.
Deta i1ed fi e1d notes will be also recorded by the fi e1d crew members and
sub-project leaders.
The reporting format for the draft and final 1982 field season resident and
juvenile reports will be altered somewhat from the previous years
investigations.The reports will address each of the following
sub-objectives:
A.The distribution and abundance of the resident and juvenile anadromous
fish of the Susitna River below Devil Canyon.
1.Factors influencing the distribution and abundance of each
species.
-141-
I '
.-
-
2.Basic biological data on the distribution and abundance of
Susitna River species.
B.The emergence and outmigration timing of salmon species occupying the
river above the Chulitna confluence .
Thi s report will encompass the outmi grati on work estab 1i shed by the
smolt trap~incorporate applicable results of the juvenile
distribution studies~and provide a report of the winter emergence
data collected in the spring of 1982.
C.The development of eggs and juvenile salmon in the river reach above
the Chulitna River confluence.
This report is separated from the previous report because this study
will proceed throught the winter of 1982-83.The final report will
not be submitted until the early summer of 1983 because of the study
continuing through the entire 1982-83 winter.The 1982 and 1983
spring emergence data will be included in this report.
D.The distribution and abundance of fish within the boundaries of the
proposed impoundment.
E.Food preference for selected species and invertebrate distribution in
habitats associated with the mainstem Susitna above the Chulitna
confl uence.
In all of these reports~data collected from the different crews outlined
in the field program will be integrated as necessary.This information
will be used as appropriate to address the objectives outl ined for each
report.
-142-
!-
-
-
C.AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
Data Forms
Processing of data will be an ongoing activity during the sampling period
with data analysis,summarization,and report preparation commencing
immediately after freeze-up.Field trip reports will be completed
immediately after each sampling trip and will be limited to highlighting
the findings of each sampling trip.Data forms will be reviewed and
submitted to the data processing unit immediately upon completion of each
sampl ing trip,for entry into the project computer data base.The draft
report will be completed by the 30th of January 1983.
FY 82 Forms:
Five forms were used during the 1981 open water field season (refer to the
AH secti on of the 1981 Procedures Manual for descri pti ons and
instructions).A sixth form (AH-82-07)was developed for winter data
collection combining and adapting the General Habitat Evaluation (AH-81-01)
and Point Specific Data (AH-81-02)forms for winter use and its description
and instruction are in the data form section (Table 21).
FY 83 Forms (Open Water Season):
Based on input from AH staff and the project biometrician,Phase I open
water data forms have been revised and three new open water forms have been
developed to accommodate changes in project sampling plans and to expedite
transfer of field data to the computer.The six data forms to be used
during the Phase II open water field season are presented as Figures 13
through 18 and explained as follows:
1.AH-82-01 -Aquatic Habitat Field Data
New form;to be used by RJ crews for collecting habitat
data.Instructions are included in the RJ section of this
procedures manual addendum.
-143-
.....
-
...-
Table 21.List of FY 83 SuHydro field data forms utilized by AH
sub-projects.
Res ident &Juvenile Anadromous Forms 1/Adult Anadromous 2/Aquatic Hab~t.!~
Forms Fonns
....-,..-,..::::;...,
'"..,..,.'"U>..'"....<Xl '"'"..,'"'"..,~'?oj.
'9 '9 '9 c '9 '9 c c <::>'9 '9 '9 '9 c <;''9 '7 .........
""""""""""'"..'"""""N N ""'"N N N N ;:;CD <Xl <Xl <Xl <Xl <Xl ...<Xl <Xl <Xl CD CD <Xl <Xl CD <Xl co co :::;
S.:-;lroject ..,..,..,..,..,..,....,..,..,..,~c(co:'"'";;:;;:;;:<-""""'"'"""'"~'"'"'"'"c(c(<:<:-_.
-~c:roshockin9 X X X X X X X >:X
-
_:·...'er-_h'er
:~sh Habitat Uti 1izatior X X X X X X
-~to r"River
<;sh Habitat Uti];zatior X'X X X X X X X:-:;l~undrnElnt Study
-
:~s ·.ree.r.Flow X X
Sample fo,'ms and dscussion of specific data collection presented n RJ Section
Sample fonns and dscussion of specific data collection presented n AA Section
Sample forms and dscussion of specific data collection presented n AH Section
-144-
-
Fii~Nc.03-82-7.10-3 .•7 __Page_of_
SUSITNA HYDRO AQUATIC HABITAT FIELD DATA AH-82-01
SUBSTRATE DATA
___GC _I L __I__L
Gu.paN 1.,...-"':':'"--:,--:-r---------::--:---------~
Code Emb.Oominant Not ••
._+---------------
-----..-:._-------~.~=---=-~.
~---11--1-----1---.-._!
~-I~_4-_+----,..------------------
RMITRM
•••••11
-WI'.'at
WUlltu)'Time
remg.-Air °c
!'~-----:----..IIt-+H-II--HH-It-H~O'.lofve4 O ..~o.n
Spec.Cond ....M.'.r
-Adj.
fO/SfH
location
Sampling Site Description -:--:-__:-_
Date __L_L_Sampling Period Collector's InlHals ._
WATER QUALITY OATA-
TurbidIty
Turbldlly hhen 0
8arometric Pressure _
.suba'r."Cod••:Subltra'.Des-crlpHon
SI alit ",ery fine
SA ••nd lin••
QR "",v.1 ".....-3"
RU •rubble _3"-$"
CO.cobble _t U -10"
BO boulder g-reB'.-r 'han 1'0"
Figure 13.Susitna hydro aquatic habitat field data,AH-82-01.
-145-
iMiliii.
-
"""""-"-_."~'".""_..._-._-~---_._.""-"---~--"--_."-
fj\
Fi Ie NtI11ber 03-82-7.10-3.7__V=-__
Crew,--c....~...:--",.=;-__
GENERAL HAB IT AT
AH-82-02
page~Of __
sampling period,_~<1[)~8~__
Samphng Site Description-
Habitat Locat lonl ~~_ro;;;_-----------------
If:GR.I1._~~""'"____GC-l_......__,---l'_
@
I'li lltary TEMP."C DISSOLVE PEC.CONO.ICE ~ATER MEAN VELOCITY SUBSTRATE
DATE Time GPSN Air \Aater pH OXYGEN TURB'METER ADJ.HICK'PEPTH ~81o.6orMea IEmb.Dom INn....
-"------""--.
"--."t----"-"---".
."---._.:~=---"-_._-_.-
1---------1--1----1--+-+---1--'-=~:=_~-~~~~~~u :=:=++;:=._=..-._._-_----
1--~!-____+-__+-_I___1__+---+~f__-I--I_-I-_l"'=---~I---:-----
----------
-
METER NOS •.>.:1H.><Y""dr",o..;,;la::.=b,,->....::@""4'--_
Comments.related data,notes
(flow)DISCHARGE__@""2""1:::Barom •Press ._",:::@~__
(ADF&G/Sy Hydro.Habitat 7/82
Figure 14.General habitat,AH-82-02.
-146-
File No.
Date _
Crew
PLANIMETRIC MAP
AH·81·03
rage __or __
Gage I Height _
Description _.....,
-
Habitat Location Samp!ing SHe ....;River Hile GC I 1 __
{ADF&G/Su lIydro.Ilabltat 5/RI)
Figure 15.Planimetric map,AH-81-03.
-147-
f
1
I
~
l!
!
I
File No._
Crew,_
DISCHARGE
AH-81 -04
Page __of__
Date _
Habitat Sampling River Meter
Location.--'Site ......;Mi le Type __Ho,_
Gage Humber Heigh~_GC I I __I ,_
D scriptione
Distance
from MeanHeadPinVe.1.Stream Cbs.Revo-Ve1.ocit:y jps cOIn Cel.l.cOIn(ftl Angle Depth bed Pepth lutions Time Mean Mean Depth !width ArB]newLBRBCoef.(ft.)E1.Bv.%I.(sec)Poi-rot VeZ'tical Cel.l.(ft.)(ft.(ft:.J (ft3/s)
..
-
-
(ADF~G/Su ~vdro.Habi~at 5/81)
Figure 16.Discharge,AH-81-04.
-148-
01 PQ_O'ST AGE OAT A -FIELD FORM
05CDWG)@ AH [.;f}-(~...,(7)
GAGE '"
D....TE GlAEi£."f1:lT7\-......
TIUE I "....,;'1::1 I r...,,·....~NOTES
y'010 day ~
..
I ADF&G/SU HYDRO CH8Z)FII.No.03-82-7.'0-3.7 I
-
-
.-
,....
Figure 17.Stage data -field form,AH-82-05.
......-149-
RM:,-
F\le'ln.0
Page 00f
Crew:S-
Date (VY/I1I1/00):%
Time (mil itary)::>
IIH-82-£5-01
Sample •_--::r'\_bo<--_Aquatic Habitat Data Electroshocking Form •IQ
Location ----:?"""';;-_----=0,..7..L-""7'''''_
(8)Trib.River 1I1le 0..:.....9)"'-_
loeographicalCode _ / _a 1 1 .:...._1 1 _
IsaMPle
~
Depth Velocity SubHrate £mbeddedness -..~~.....OJI>u U '"u~....'OE c E,,(ft)(fps).;-'..-OJ-OJ_U"ui01U>---"..............-c ...u '"1)4:..~"a.""..a.:>'"'-:>;<0.2 0.8 ~~....E "''''u""_
i ~.."....0::"'>'.5:.35<...-...._K
"''''..."'-00 VlU_
I 0)@ @ G @ (0 (0 (0 0v C30 (2)i
I
!
!
I
1
I
I
(-.
torrrllen t ')
®
5/82
Figure 18.Aquatic habitat data electroshocking form,AH-82-ES-01.
-150-
page~Of
sampling period,__-:.®.....:...~~_-_=
bGC-I_~",--J/_
AH-82-07FileIIlJ11ber
Habitat Location,--:.....L ---:,.....,._oR.H.__....:'Q..~_
Crew,--"'"'""-_---:,...,.._
Sampling Site Description
..... I
Mil itary GPSN TEHP.uC DISSOLVE SPEC.CONDo ICE WATER MEAK VELOCITY SUBSTRATE
DATE Time Air t-/ater pH OXYGEN TURa'METER ADJ.HICK.DEPTH /;;O~~.~:::.:,;8;;.li::;.;.6~o.:..rM-e-a t-_C-L-AS-~rl,,-••I'-I.-a~<-.I~-__I'-I,-A~--I~~
-
---f---------+----.1
-~---+--_t--f--I___t--_I_-_+_--------------
--------+----1---1---1---1----------.------"--------------..----------.
-------------------_.__......-'-
t-----j----t----f--+-l--+---1--I--l--+--f---l---------.----
._-
------
_.-
---
--
1__--+--_+_--4--+---1~_1---_+--_+--------.-._----
..---------------.-.
t---t---+--t--+-+---+--+--+--f----.1f----f--}---+---l---l--------
I---I---I---I--I--I--I---f--l---l---i--f---.-------,,--,,---...----
t---+---+---+--f---1--+---+--+--+--+---l~__I_---I----_l_---,----------
METER NOS.~("'HY:..::d.:.;ro:..:;l::::ab'"'_)__e~2'""4::.....___...(-'-.fl""OW:::..)L-_@..:::2.:::;;>_
Comments,related data,notes
~,
o'-:J
(ADF&G/Su Hydro,Habitat 12/28/81)
-
Figure 19.PHASE I Winter general habitat form,AH-82-07
-151-"I
~
r
I
r~·
2.
3.
AH-82-02 -General Habitat
New form;revision of AH-82-07 (Winter form)for use by
Fisheries Habitat Utilization crews.Substrate section was
changed due to revised evaluation technique.This is
exp 1ai ned in the RJ data form sect i on of th is addendum.
Instructions follow in this section.
AH-82-03 -Planimetric Map
Same as AH-81-03.Refer to the FY 82 procedures manual for
instructions.
4.AH-82-04 -Discharge
Same as AH-81-04.Refer to the FY 82 procedures manual for
instructions.
5.AH-82-05 -Stage Data -Field Form
Replaces AH-81-05.To be used for all stage data collected
by all project personnel.Instructions follow in Appendix
IX.
6.AH-82-ES-01 -Aquatic Habitat Data Electroshocking Form
New form;for use by el ectroshocking crews.Instructi ons
follow in Appendix IX.
Phase II (Winter Season):
The General Habitat form (AH-82-02)will be used for recording FY 83 winter
data.This form.is basically the same as the Phase I winter form!
AH-82-07!(Figure 19)which functioned quite well last season.This form
and all other Phase II AH forms will be subject to revision if proven
unworkable or as a result of changes in sampling procedures.
-152-
......
Data Transfer
AH Crews:
.....
-
"...
Field crews are responsible for checking their data for completeness,
accuracy and proper format (as established by AH staff in conjunction with
Data Processing (DP),staff).Miscellaneous data and notes recorded in
field books should be entered on data sheets if they are to be incorporated
into the regular data set.Raw field data (original forms)will then be
transmitted to the appropriate crew leader for review.This will provide
them the opportunity to monitor the development of data trends on a more
ti.me ly bas is.
The AH data processing liaison receives the original data after it has been
reviewed by the crew leader.They will check for obvious errors and proper
format,xerox and transmit copy to DP and then file the original.
DP will transmit a computer printout of data to the AH liaison who will in
turn give it to the appropriate crew to check.All corrections to data
files will be made through the AH liaison.
RJ Crews:
Habita t data co 11 ected by RJ crews wi 11 be gi ven to the RJ da ta proces sing
coordinator who will then transmit it to the AH data processing liaison.
Data will then be handled as AH data:reviewed,then transmitted to DP.
computer printouts from DP will be transmitted to the AH data processing
1iaison and then to the AHjFisheries Habitat Util ization Crew Leader and
the RJ data processing coordinator for review and editing.All corrections
are to be coordinated through the AH data processing liaison.
-153-
#
_.._.:_'.:~,'_,.:.:~--;=:~-,----::..:;;:;::;r"_.~';.""""-=."",,:,::,,,~..,;..:..._~~:':'._--"""~_~'.__."'~__.""""-_'
.-
-
-
.-
-
--
IV.QUALITY CONTROL
A.ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Field sampling techniques and data recording procedures will be monitored
of each crew weekly by the Adult Anadromous Project Leader or his appointed
designee.This will insure consistency,accuracy and comformance with
standard sampling and data collection and recording methods.
Sampling gear and support equipment will be mainta"ined in good working
order.It will be the responsibility of each crew leader to insure that
preventive maintenance is conducted.on all equipment.Minor equipment
breakdowns will be repaired in the field.Major equipment breakdowns
and/or losses will be reported immediately to Anchorage headquarters.
Replacement equipment or parts will be provided at first available
opportunity .
B.RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Fishing techniques utilized in the various sampling schemes have been
proven for effectiveness in earlier biological studies (Langler,1956;
Sundstrom,1957;and McClane,1965).Personnel will be instructed to use
proven lures.Natural baits,when used,will be changed regularly insure
"freshness"and ensure maximum scent transfer to the water.
Gillnets and seines will be kept mended or will be replaced if badly
damaged in operations.Equipment such as tagging guns,fishing tackle,
firearms,and other tools used in day-to-day operations will be cleaned and
oiled after each use to prevent rust.
Data forms will be filled out in a neat and legible manner and will be
subject to periodic review by the project leader or his assistant.
-154-
....
,~
-
-
..,..
.....
i~
c.AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
A systematic approach for maintaining desired standards for the measurement
of field parameters has been established for the instruments used in this
study.Thermometers are periodically compared to a National Bureau of
Standards (NBS)standard thermometer for the range of temperatures to be
encountered.If present,variations are noted and correction factors are
calculated and taped onto each thermometer.
Thermographs are calibrated following the above procedures.Timing
mechanisms are also evaluated for accuracy.Operational thermographs are
periodically inspected comparing the temperature and time on the chart with
the known time and temperature data.A mark is made on the chart at that
point.
Hydrolabs will be calibrated and checked after each field trip.Whenever a
question arises concerning the quality data collected,the USGS,EPA,and
manufacturer of the data collection device will be consulted.
Literature is periodically reviewed to insure that state-of-the-art data
collection and analysis techniques are being observed.A hydraulic·
engineer will be consulted to evaluate the accuracy of data collection and
analysis techniques.The USFWS is periodically consulted to evaluate the
accuracy of instream flow data collection and analysis techniques.
-The project biometrician is consulted to evaluate the accuracy and
statistical merit for collecting data .
State-of-the-art habitat data collection and analysis courses are attended
when it is determined attendance will improve the quality of the program .
The field data are reviewed periodically by the field biologist responsible
for its collection.A brief narrative is prepared summarizing the habitat
characteristics described by the.data set.Any abnormal or intervening
field conditions or sampling problems which might have biased the data set
are also to be discussed in the narrative.
-155-
-::....._.~~--~--._---
D.Data Routing
Raw data from the respective project secti ons wi 11
Anchorage Su Hydro office for copying and filing.
follow the path in figure 1.
be forwarded to the
Actual routing will
Field Crews - - - -Data Forms
Field Crew Leaders - - - - - - - - - - - -Data Folder
Project Leaders - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Data Folder
Su-Hydro Office - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Data Folder
.....Original File
Acres American,Inc.
Alaska Power Authority
Alaska Department of Fish &Game
Working File
Data Processing
Month 1y Report
Species/Subject
Report
Figure 1.Data Routing,Phase II,1982.
-156-
V.SCHEDULE
Project scheduling is as outlined in Figures 1 and 2.By inspecting the
figures,it becomes evi dent that the Adult Anadromous Fi sheri es Project
will conduct it's field program between June 15 and October 17 at the sites
indicated on Figure 1.The Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries
Project will integrate itls field program with the Aquatic Habitat and
Instrealll Flow Project along those river reaches indicated in Figure 2.
These projects will operate year round from the estuary to Devil Canyon and
from March 15 through October 15 upstream from Devil Canyon.
The schedule of planning and reporting events is as follows:
July 15,1982
July 31,1982
ADF&G .Draft Procedures Manual FY 83 Field
Programs.This is a basic internal ADF&G planning
and field guidance document.
Woodward-Clyde (Proposed)Draft Mitigation
Outline.
November 30,1982 AEIDC (Proposed),Internal Working Document,
conceptualizing and visualizing project impacts on
a non-quantitive basis.
~,
January 31,1982 ADF&G,Draft Basic Data Report.This is an
internal working document and also'provides for
data transmittal to AEIDC and Woodward-Clyde and
others as appropriate.It basically presents what
the data is,how and where it was collected.The
report would include winter 81/82 data and data
for the ice free season from May thru
October 1983.This report does not include
habitat versus fisheries relationship information
for the winter of 82/83 data or incubation study
data collected through the winter of 82/83.
-157-
,-
!
-
......
ESTUARY
TO
VENTNA
RIVER
VENTNA
RIVER
TO
TALKEETNA
TALKEETNA
TO
DEVIL
CANVON
Susttna Statton Sonar (6/15-9/17)
Yentna Sonar (6/15-9/7)
Susitna Survey (7/15-10/1)
Sunshine Sonar (6/15-9/15)
Sunshine Tag/Recapture (6/15-9/15)
Sunshine Survey (7/15-10/7)
Talkeetna Sonar {6/15-9/15)
Talkeetna Tag/Recapture (6Il5-91l5)
Curry Tag/Recapture (6/15-9/151
Gold Creek Survey (7/15-10/]5)
Radio ~aggtng (6/15-]0/1)
..-
]5 2]28 4
-JUNE
11 18 25
JULY
8 15 22 29 5
AUGUST
12 19 26
SEPTEMBER
3 ]0 17 24 31 7 ]4
OCTOBER NOVEMBER
Figure 1.Adult anadromous project schedule,1982.
-158-
ESTUARY
TO
DEVIL CANYON
L-Surveys of Resident and Juvenile populations (RJ)
I Surveys of Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Data Collection (AH)
DEVIL CANYON
-TO·Impoundment Investigations of
Res id n .
TYDNE RIVER
Aquatic Habitat Investigation (AH)
oN
I---.....---.----.--+----;--_<---....'--+-I--t---.•---+----.---
J F M A ~J J A S 0
MONTH
I
Figure 2.Activity schedule,1982.Integrated Resident and Juvenile
Anadromous Fisheries and Aquatic habitat ~nd Instream
Flow Project.
-159-
....
.-
January 31~1983
March 1~1983
April 1~1983
April 15 ~1983
May 1~1983
June 1~1983
June 30~1983
June 30~1983
Woodward-Clyde (Proposed)~Draft Exhibit E.
ADF&G~FY 84 Draft Plan of Study (POS).
APA-ADF&G~FY 84 RSA and POS Agreement.
Contingent on approval of funding by the
Legislature.
ADF&G~Revised Draft Basic Data Report.
ADF&G~Draft Fisheries and Habitat Relationships
Report.An internal working document which
functions as a data/infonnation transmittal to
AEIDC and other study participants.
ADF&G~FY 84 Procedures Manual.
ADF&G~Final Draft Fisheries and Habitat
Relationship Report.This is a formal document
available for broad distribution by the APA to
study participants~agencies and the public.
ADF&G~Draft'Basic Data Report.This would cover
winter 82/83 work and include incubation study
data.This is an internal working document and·
data transmittal to study participants.
[
--160-
VI.PERSONNEL
Mr.Thomas W.Trent will supervise coordination of the Su Hydro Aquatic
Studies.Tom is a 1965 graduate of the University of North Dakota with a
degree in biological and physical sciences.After graduation,he undertook
extens ive post-baccalaureate and graduate studi es at Oregon State
University in fisheries and water resources.
-
,l!I'JlIIIIl;
I
Tom acquired professional experience in fisheries science and water
pollution biology as a trainee for the Feder Water Quality Administration
and with the Oregon Game Commission Research Division before he joined the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game in 1971.Since joining ADF&G,Tom has
held positions with the Sport Fish Division in the Anchorage area and west
side Susitna River sport fisheries management pr~grams,and with the
Habitat Protecti~n Section dealing with development activities and
environmental impact evaluation.In 1974,the Commissioner of Fish and
Game delegated Tom the responsibility of developing and coordinating the
Department1s positions and policies on the proposed Susitna River
hydroelectric project.
Tom resigned from The Department of Fish and Game in early 1975 to accept a
position with the U.S Bureau of Land Management as the State Fisheries
Biologist.He subsequently rejoined the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
in 1976 as supervisor of the Region II Habitat Protection Section.In this
capacity,Tom was responsible for coordination of fish and wildlife
resource planning and ·policy input to the DNR State Land Disposal program,
management of the Title 16 regulatroy program for South central Alaska,and
coordination of ADF&G Susitna River Hydro Project matters.
Mr.Bruce M.Barrett will supervise the Adult Anadromous Project.Bruce
holds a Bachelor of Science degree in fisheries from the University of
Alaska in Fairbanks and completed on year of graduate study in fisheries
before joining the Alaska Department of Fish and Game in 1972.
-161-
....
..-
....
....
-
-
....
Bruce has held several key positions with the Department of Fish and Game
involving anadromous fish investigations in Cook Inlet and the Susitna
River system.In 1974 he conducted the fi rst ADF&G anadromous fi sh study
on the Susitna River between Devil Canyon and the village of Talkeetna .
Mr.Dana Schmidt Ph.D.replaced Mr.Kevin Delaney in April 1982 as Project
leader for the Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries Studies.Dr.
Schmidt holds a doctorate degree in Fisheries from Oregon State University
and from the Uni vers i ty of Utah.He has directed numerous envi ronmenta 1
impact studes in Montana and has past involvement with U.S.fish and
Wildlife Service radio telemetry studies in Alaska.He has worked as a
consultant to the Susitna River fisheries since 1981 .
Mr.Christopher Estes will lead the Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow
studies.Chrsitopher holds a B.A.in Environmental Science from Prescott
College.Prescott.Arizona.Graduate course work at Washington State
University was directed toward instream flow and aquatic habitat evaluation
procedures .
Christopher conducted his first instream flow and aquatic habitat
evaluation study for the Montana Department of Fish.Wildlife.and Parks in
1975.He joined the ADF&G as a fishery research biologist in 1977 and has
been associated with the Su Hydro feasibil ity studies since that time.In
1979.he initiated the ADF&G Instream Flow Program.During the same year.
he was appointed Co-chairman of the Western Division of the American
fisheries Society Water Development and Streamflow Committee.a position he
continues to fill .
-162-
....
-
-
.-
-
Mr.Allen E.Bingham will supervise the Data Processing Support Unit.
Allen holds a B.S.in Zoology from the Ohio State University,Columbus,
Ohio and received a Master of Science Degree in Fisheries Biology from the
Ohio State University in 1977.
Graduate research and course work continued at the University of Idaho.
Allen1s research at U of I was directed at reduced stream flow effects on
juvenile steelhead trout while course work emphasized Fisheries Biology
with a minor in Applied Statistics.
Allen joined the ADF&G in 1981 as a Biometrician II with the Su Hydro
Aquatic Studies team •
-163-
"'"
-
VII.LITERATURE CITED
ADF&G.1978.Prel imi nary envi ronmenta 1 assessment of hydroel ectri c
development on the Susitna River:Prepared for the U.S.Fish and Wildlife
Service by the.Alaska Department of Fish and Game.Anchorage,AK.51pp.
Anonymous.1966.(Cited in ADF&G manual on fish tagging.nd.Ak.
Department of Fish and Game.Anchorage,AK.)
AEIDC.1980.An assessment of environmental effects of construction and
operation of the proposed Terror Lake Hydroelectric Facility,Kodiak,
Alaska.Instream Flow Studies:Arctic Environment Information Data
Center.Anchorage,AK.197pp.
Anonymous.1981.An assessment of environmental effects of construction
and operation of the proposed Terror Lake Hydroelectric Facility,Kodiak,
Alaska.Instream Flow Studies Final Report:Arctic Environment
Inforamtion Data Center.Anchorage,AK.419pp.
Baldridge,J.1981.Appendix 3;Development of habitat suitability
criteria,In:An assenssment of environmental effects of construction and
operation of the proposed Terror Lake Hydroelectric Facility,Kodiak,
Al aska.Instream Flow Studi es Final Report.Arcti c Envi ronment
Information Data Center.Anchorage,AK.pp.391-94.
Baxter,R.M.,and P.Glaude.1980.Environmental
impoundments in Canada:experience and prospects.
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.Bulletin 205.
effects of dams and
Canadian Bulletin of
Bovee,K.D.and R.Milhous.1978.Hydraulic simulation in instream flow
studies:Theory and Techniques.Instream Flow information paper No.5.
Cooperative Instream Flow Service Group.FWSjOBS-78j33.Ft.Collins,CO.
131pp.
-164-
-
......
Buchanan,T.J.and W.P.Somers.1973.Discharge measurements at gaging
stations.Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the United
States Geological Survey.Arlington,VA.Book 3,Chapter A8.65pp.
Byrom Softwa re.1980.Byrom softwa re termi na 1 mon i tor sys tern opera tor IS
manual.Byrom Software,Vernal,Utah .
CDC.1980a.COBOL version 4 reference manual.Control Data Corporation,
Sunnyvale,California
-CDC.1980b.FORTRAN versi on 5 reference manual.Control Data
-
.~
Corporation,Sunnyvale,California.
CDC.1980c.Sort/Merge versions 4 and 1 reference manual.Control Data
Corporation,Sunnyvale,California.
Digital Research.1980.PL/I-80 language manual.Digital Research,
Pacific Grove,California.
\.
Dixon,W.J.and M.B.Brown.1979.Biomedical computer programs P-series.
University of California Press,Berkeley,California.
Estes.C.,K.Hepler,and A.Hoffmann.1981.Willow and Deception Creeks
Instream Flow Demonstration Study.ADF&G.Habitat Protection Section and
Sport Fish Division.Anchorage,AK.78pp.
Fulton,T.W.1983.(Cited in ADF&G Manual on Fish Tagging.nd.Ak.
Dept.of Fish and Game,Anchorage,AK.)
substrate data
R&M Consultants.
Griffith,L.1981.
collection techniques.
Anchorage,Ak.
Discussion
(Persona 1
of R&M Consultants
Communication.)
-165-
Hagen,R.t~.et.al.
diversion projects.
Goldman,C.R.et.al.
1973.Ecological impacts of water storage
Envi ronmenta 1 quality and water development.
W.H.Freeman Co.San Francisco,CA.
and
Ed.
Hocutt,C.H.,J.R.Stauffer,J.E.Edinger,L.W.Hall,and R.P.Morgan.
1980.Powerplants -effects on fish and shellfish behavior.Academic
Press.New York,New York.
Keller,E.A.1980.Environmental Geology.2nd ed.Chas.E.Merrill Pub.
Co.Columbus,OH.548pp.
Kellerhals,R.and 0.1.Bray.1970.Sampling procedures for coarse
fluvial sediments.ASCE Hydraulics Division.Specialty Conference,
University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN.August 19-21,1970.
Lagler,K.F.
Dubuque,IA.
1959.Freswater Fishery Biology.
421pp.
2nd ed.Wm.C.Brown Co.
-Mauney,J.L.1965.A study of the channel catfish,(Ictalurus punctatus),
in the Crowan River system.Raleigh,NC.;NC.State Univ.Thesis.87pp.
McClane,A.J.(ed.)1965.McClanes·Standard Fishing Encyclopedia and
International Angling Guide.Holt,Rinehart and Winston,Inc.New York,
NY.1057pp.-
MicroPro.1980a.DataStar user's guide.
Corporation,San Rafael,California.
MicroPro International
.....
F
I
Mi croPro.1980b.Super-sort 1.5 operator I s handbook and programmers
guide.MicroPro International,San Rafael,California.
Parsons,M.1980.Stream Assessment Procedures and Guidelines.Suislaw
National Forrest U.S.Forest Service,U.S.D.G.Pacific Northwest Region.
Portland,OR.17p .
-166-
~,.-.
Petersen,CGJ.1894.
Dept.of Fish and Game .
(Cited in ADF&G Manual on Fish Tagging.nd.AK.
Anchorage,AK.).
.-
-
Richardson,E.V.,et.al.1975.Highways in the river environment;
hydraulic and environmental design considerations.U.S.Dept.of
Transportation.Wash.,D.C.np.
Rounsefell,G.A.1963.Marking fish and invertebrates.Fishery Leaflet
549.U.S.Dept.of Interior.Wash.,D.C.12pp.
Shirazi,~.A.and W.K.Sein.1979.A stream system evaluation.An
emphasis on spawning habitat for salmonids.US Environmental Protection
Agency.Corvalis,OR,EPA-600/3-79-109/39pp.
SIR.1979.Scientific information retrieval user1s manual.
Incorporated,Evanston,Illinois.
SIR
....
.-
Smoot,G.F.and C.E.Novak.1977.Calibration and maintenance of
vertical-axis type current meters.Techniques of Water Resources
Investigations of the United States Geological Survey.Book 8.Chapter
B2.Instrumentation.Arlington,VA.15pp.
SPSS.1970.Statistical package for the social sciences.McGraw-Hill,
New York .
SRX Systems 1981.CATALOG.SRX Systems,San Jose,California .
Stalnaker,C.B.and J.L.Arnette (eds).1976.Methodologies for the
determination of stream resource flow requirements:an assessment.
USFWS/OBS,and Utah State University,Logan,UT.199pp.
Sundstrom,G.T.1957.Commercial fishing vessels and gear.U.S.Fish and
Wildlife Service.Cir.48.48pp.
-167-
--
-
.....
--
Trihey,W.E.and D.L.Wegner.1981.Field data collection procedures for
use with the physical habitat simulation system of the Instream Flow Group.
USFWS,Cooperative Instream Flow Service Group.Ft.Collins,CO.151pp.
USFWS.1976.South central rail belt area -Susitna River basin.Fish and
Wildlife studies related to the U.S.Army Corp.of Engineers Devil
Canyon-Watana hydroelectric project.USGWS/ADF&G.Anchorage,AK.15pp.
USFS.1981.ASGS/ADF&G -Su Hydro 1981 Cooperative agreement.USGS.
Anchorage,AK.np.
Vector Graphic.1979a.An introduction to CP/M fratures and facilities.
Vector Graphic Incorporated,Thousand Oaks,California.
Vector Graphic.1979b.CP/M user's guide for CP/M 1.4 owners.Vector
Graphic Incorporated,Thousand Oaks,California.
Vector Graphi c.
reference manual.
1981.SCOPE-screen oriented program editor for CP/M,
Vector Graphic Incorporated,Thousand Oaks,California.
....
~-
Ward,J.V.and J.A.Stanford.1979.The ecology of regulated streams.
Plenum Press.New York,New York.
William,F.T.1976.Upper Susitna River Investigations.Alaska Dept.of
Fish and Game.Anchorage,AK.np.Unpublished .
-168-
f-·,
-
-
---"-------------
ADDENDUM TO APPENDIX V-ELECTROSHOCKING INSTRUCTIONS
A 20 ft.by 41 flat bottom aluminum river boat powered by a 75 hp outboard
jet and 15 hp outboard prop kicker will be modified for electrofishing
operations on the lower river.The power source for the electrofishing
apparatus (and possible supplemental lighting equipment for night shocking)
will be a four cycle,3.5 kilowatt,120/240 volt,60 HZ A.C.Homlite
Voltamatic genator.Voltage and amperage regulation from the power source
to the water will be through a Coffelt Variable Voltage Pulsator model
VVP-15 and two Coffelt models VVP-3E.Both models are designed to supply
A.C.,D.C.,or pulse output voltages.The output voltages from the VVP-15
can be varied continuously from a to 600 volts for all outputs (A.C.,D.C.,
or pu 1se output voltages.The output voltages from the VVP-15 can be
varied continuously from a to 600 volts for all outputs (A.C.,D.C.,Pulsed
D.C.and a referenced A.C.Pulsed),for the VVP-3E the output voltages can
be varied from 0 to 300 volts for all outputs (A.C.,D.C.and Pulsed D.C.,
and Pulsed A.C.).The VVP-15 incorporates a 20 to 80 percent adjustable DC
pulse width.For further specifications,refer to the Appendix V.The
proper current type,voltage,amperage and electrod arrangement for
efficient capture of fish will vary for different species of fish and
according to water quality parameters such as water temperature,
conductivity,depth and turbidity.
Electric current will be applied to the water through either single and
dual anode system,with the cathode comprising the boat surface in contact
with the water.When a single anode is used,a single dip netting pole
will be used both as the anode and as a dip net.The single anode design
will be utilized when probing in deep pools and confinged areas and in
searching for specific species.Under situations when a dual anode system
will be tuilized,each anode will be suspended into the water using a
standard electrofishing boom design.A standard dip net will be used to
capture stunned fish.
.-
Due to the
electrofishing;
high voltages and potential
several safety features wi 11
-1-
hazards associated
be designed into
with
each
.-
-
-
,..,.
el ectrofi shi ng boat.Each boat wi 11 be fitted wi th 36-40"hi gh
non-conductive coated railing enclosing a non-skid platform.Electrical
units will be placed in covered boxes designed to prevent water from
entering the unit and thereby preventi ng shour-curcuti ng.In additi on,a
safety ci rcu it i ncorporati ng foot feda 1s and falloff switches wi 11 be
included in the circuitry.All individuals working on the electrofish boat
will wear hip boots,life preserver and rubber gloves and be trained in
C.P.R.and basis first aid techniques.
Operational Procedures
1.The power source for electrofishing will be supplied by a 3.5.
kilowatt Homelite Voltmatic generator.The four-cycle engine
uses regular unmixed gasoline.The crank case reservoir oil (30
wt.automotive)must be checked daily and should be changed after
the initial 10 hour break-in period and every 25 hours
thereafter.
2.For optimum electrofising success,a Coffelt electroshocker
(model VVP-15)wi 11 be used to regul ate the output .amperage,
voltage,frequency and current type.A basic knowledge of
electrical terms and uses as they relate to electrofishing will
result in better understand i ng of the effects that occur wi th
adjustment of the power output.The basic unit of electric
charge is the coulomb and the rate at which this charge moves
through a circuit is the amperage.The volt or potential
difference generates the energy (joules)needed to move an
electric charge through the circuit.The amount of voltage
required to move X amount of current through a circuit will vary
with water temperature,water conductivity,and the circuit
resistance.The current types available as output are
alternating current (A.C.),direct current (D.C.)and pulsed A.C.
and D.C.The literature suggests that pulsed D.C.has the best
effective capture range with the least amount of physiological
harm to the fish.Fish that enter a D.C.field exhibit forced
swimming towards the anode-electrode.
-2-
-
,~
3)A 20 foot riverboat with a 90 hp outboard will be used to
electrofish.Anon-conductive safety railing will be attached to
the bow of the boat.Two electrode systems will be available and
selection will be predicated by the type of habitat being
studied.
A.Mobile electrode system (MES)-The MES utilizes the boat as
a cathode and a dipnet as the anode.This electrode system
will be used in shallow water or in areas,of restricted
maneuverabil ity.The disadvantage of the MES is the
relatively small area effectively shocked.
B.The stationary electrode system (SES)-The SES will have
two retractable booms which will allow the anode to be
extended 10 feet in front of the bow.The boat i tse 1f or
braided steel wire trailing from the stern will be the
cathode.The SES should be used in deeper waters and areas
of unrestri cted maneuverabi 1ity.The advantage wi 11 be an
increase in area that is effectively shocked.
Safety Precautions
These procedures must be adhered to for the safety of all operators of this
equipment.
1.A mi nimum of two persons is requi red to safely and effi ci ently
conduct electrofishing,provided the control box can be easily
monitored by the boat operator.For two man operations,the boat
operator should be capable of adjusting voltage and amperage,
activating the power switches on the control box,and shuting
down the generator without having to leave his station as
outboard operator.
Should these conditions not be met,then a minimum crew would be
three.One person should monitor the control box at all times.~
-3-
~''
-2.All personnel should be thoroughly familiar with the equipment
and its operation.Personnel should be briefed as to emergency
procedures should the situation arise.
4.Only dip nets with fully insulated handles will be used.
,....
-
--
3.
5.
All equipment,connections and wiring should be checked before
each day's operation.Particular attention should be payed to
the platform railing and safety foot switch.The railing should
be strong and secure enough to support a man I s weight.The
safety switch must be free of rust and corrosion.The metal
railing should be insulated with foam pipe insulation or plastic
electrical tape.Wiring should be left exposed to facilitate
inspection of the insulation.
Personnel will wear only hip boots or chest waders that are com-
pletely leak proof.The platform surface should be of a non-skid
type.Rubber gloves are to be worn as an added safety measure.
-
,.,..
6.All personnel will wear life jackets or other adequate floatation
devices.
7.Never start the generator until all connections for the
particular mode of operation are complete.While traveling
between points of operation,the electrodes should be
disconnected from the electrical source if the generator is to be
left running,i.e.,for night operations...,
9.When disconnections are made or lines left disconnected,all
switches on the control box should remain in the noff n position
to preclude any load on the wiring.
8.Never change the position of the boom or handle the electrodes
unless the leads are disconnected and all switches on the control
box are in the noff n position.
-4-
10.All personnel should be familiar with first aid treatment for
shock victims a~d be trained in artificial respiration.At least
one member of the crew should have completed a recognized first
aid course.
.....
i~
11.The equ i pment s ha 11 not be operated in such a manner so as to
endanger the public.The current shall be turned off anytime the
public is in the immediate proximity of the aparatus,be it on
shore,in the water,or in a boat.
In an emergency,the electrical current into the water may be broken
in three ways:
1.By releasing the foot pedal switch which is located on the
platform and controlled by the dip net operator.
2.By turning off all switches on the control box.One man must be
operating the control box at all times.
3.By actuating the grounding switch effectively killing the
generator.If possible,switches should be located both on the
dipping platform and near the motor operator and wired so that
activation of either switch will kill the generator.
Should anyone fall overboard or receive an electrical shock,the unit will
be immediately shut off.Rescue the victim from the water or free him from
the electrical circuit as quickly as possible.Quick action will increase
the chance of resuscitation.Do not endanger yourself attempting to rescue
someone with the power on.
If the victim is not breathing,begin artificial resuscitation at once.
Mouth-to-mouth is recommended.Continue resuscitation until you are
certai n breathi ng is restored.Frequently,after a temporary recovery,a
victim will stop breathing again.If natural breathing stops,resume
artificial resuscitation at once.
-5-
I.,
"
,.
!.r,.
Physical shock is a serious complication that is likely to occur after
electrical shock.Shock can interfere with the.normal action of the heart,
respiration and circulation,so every precaution should be taken to prevent
this condition from further weakening the victim.The victim·should be
lying flat and it is most important that he be kept as warm as possible,
even during artificial resuscitation.
-The following procedure is recommended in cases where it appears the
victim's heart has stopped:
1.Place the victim on his back.
2.Position yourself on your knees beside his chest.
3.Find the lower end of his breast bone.
4.Place the heel of your hand one inch above that end.
5.Place your other hand on top of the first hand.
6.Press down firmly with about sixty (60)pounds of weight.
7.Repeat every second until heart starts.
8.If necessary,apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitati on as foll ows:one
resuscitator -15 compressions,two breaths or two resuscitators
one breath every fifth compression.
Admittedly,the above first aid procedures are brief,but due to lack of
more competent means to deal wi th e 1ectri ca 1 acci dents,th is shoul d serve
as a guide for emergency treatment until the patient can be taken to
medical facilities.
,~
NOTE:A COpy OF THIS PROCEDURE MUST BE ON BOARD THE SHOCKING BOAT AT
ALL TIMES!!!!!
-6-
-
APPENDIX IX -FY-83 DATA CODING AND INSTRUCTIONS
1982 Addendum To The ADF&G Su Hydro
Phase I Procedures Manual
'"--
-
ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Age and Length Sampling Operations -All stations
The follow"ing sampling procedures will be used to collect age and
length data from fishwheel interceptions at Susitna,Yentna,Sunshine,
Tal keetna and Curry Stati ons.These procedures wi 11.be foll owed for
sockeye salmon stock separation sampling except that two (2)scales
will be collected from the "preferred area ll instead of only (1)scale.
Fish Sampling Procedures:
1.Check species of each intended sample (see Pacific Fishes of
Canada,Fisheries Research Board of Canada,Bulletin 180,Ottawa
1973).
2.A scale should only be taken from the left side of the fish (see
Figure 1).
3.The "preferred scale"is located two (2)rows above lateral line
on the diagonal from the posterior insertion of the dorsal fin to
the anterior insertion of the anal fin.
4.If the preferred scale is missing take a scale,again on the left
side of the fish,within the area behind the dorsal fin but
forward of the ventral fin,and no more than four rows above the
lateral line.
5.If no scales are present in this area,discard the fish.
6.If the scale is stuck or dried,moisten and pull toward the head
of the fish gently rather than straight back.
7.Clean all slime,grit,skin and silver pigment
moistening and rubbing it between the fingers.
be completely clean and transparent.
-1-
from the scale-by
The scale should
8.Mount on gum card after moistening.Scales are mounted on the
gum card number which corresponds to Age Weight Length (AWL)form
number containing the length,weight and sex information for that
fish.Place it directly over the number on the gum card with the
anterior edge facing the bottom of the card (Figure 1).The
ridged side of the scale must be facing upward or no impression
will be made in the acetate card.This is the same side that is
exposed on the salmon.
9.Cover completed gum cards with wax paper after drying,if
possible.
.-
--
.-
,~
,.,..
10.Length measurements should be taken from mid-eye to fork of tail
and recorded to nearest five millimeters on all adult salmon
except chinook salmon for which lengths are to be recorded to the
nearest 10 millimeters .
-2-
-
LEFT SID£
Take the P"ifecred scale thelef~.iCe of the fish.t>ooCO:oos
"i""'e the .l"~te<"Hne ano an tile~~U::'behinD tile b&a of
'r..t U''t'ed Scal.
OF"OC~SA.L FIN
AllOV£
LA.n:.!u!-'L;H!:
FIN
Laceral Lla.
Do no~turn scales over when
t<atl&fe<i"9 f<CIIll fbh to 9....carl!.
~I
-
L_------~
~.~-~...
Place ocales c!.I.<ecUy over namt>e<on .$9'"CoI.l:Q.
10 8 8 5 •:I :I.1
20 19 18 17 16 1.5 l'1.3 1.2 II
50 29 28 'i:1 26 Z :I.'Jl.'Z!:J.
40 39 3S J1 :18 :IS j;i JJ J:I.31
Figure 1.Scale sampling procedures for one scale per fish.
-3-
Labeling Procedures:
The functions of proper labeling is to produce a set of sample data which
includes a gum card,an acetate impression and an AWL Form (Figures 2A and
28).These have corresponding location,date,species,gear code and
subsample number.None ever has more than a single location,species,gear
code or subsample number.
A.Numbering
Numbering begins with 001 for each species at each escapement sampl ing
location for the 1982 season.Each card,AWL and acetate for specific
group is consecuti ve ly numbered throughout the season.It is a
responsibility of collectors to check the numbers being used each sampling
day to maintain correct sequence and omit duplication.
B.Gum Cards (see Figures 2A and 26).
1.General Guidelines
a.Note which number to begin with,for each sample
location,for the date in question.
b.Prior to sampling,cards may be filled out with
species,date,gear,locale,and collector's name.
They may also be numbered when the total cards for a
given area are known for that date.These must be
carefully checked when scales are to be fixed to assure
correct information.
c.On location before mounting scales,all
information should be completed on that
pencil.
pertinent
card,in
--
2.Information Explanation
-4-
I~I
I
Item
I Prohe.."~l _l~...~:"-_"';.,t~'...l:--!+':"-_-.j.!-_-.;.';'t::::J..I:-_-~.t "r I I
A Ager error code l
II Testfish drift number 3
C Testfish station number 3
I0Undefined1
E Preferred scale not taken 1 IFAgerinitials3
C Tag number 5 ;
R Undefined }I
I Undefined 10 Max
I J
S , ,
,?
L ?:r
r •'f,,.'"~
'I •;!r
T >-I
~J 7'
S"J of
~I '"S ~
~sw-..
:J<
I<
Jf
}<
'"}C
If'.
",J{
)(
)(
lr.
Jf
X
l<
x
"
"
)(
JC
"~
I<
-'
X
'"~
X
l<
~
X
II'
..
If'
""
.....
:::::-~i i
i"'"';:;:;:
Figure 2A.Labeling of gum cards and AWL forms when sampling one scale per
salmons.
-5-
CATCH [lATE ------;rr::-::-.:L""-----..-=-,,---t10nth Day
SAMPLING INFORMATION
HOURS FISHED ~_~~_
Remarks (Weather -Water conditions)etc.
CODING
Note:District.Subdistrict,River (stream)and sampling location codes will be provided
separately.
~.
PROJECT
1 -Commercial Catch
2 -Subsistence Catch
3 -Escapement (tower,weir.etc.)
4 -Escapement (spawning grounds)
5 -Test Fishing
6 -
GEARo -Trap
1 -Purse Seine
2 -Beach Seine
3 -Drift Gillnet
4 -Set Gil1net
5 -Troll
6 -Long Line -Skates
7 -Otter Trawl
8 -Fish Wheel
9 -Pots
11 -Herring Purse Seine
12 -Handpicked
13 -Dip Net
17 -Beam Trawl
18 -Shovels
19 -Wei r
20 -
TYPE OF MEASUREMENT BLANK COLUMNS
1 -Snout to Fork of Tail A-F -
2 -Mid-e~7 to Fork of Tail B -G -
3 -Orbit to fork of Tail C - H -
4 -Mid-en to Hypural Plate 0 -I -
5 -Orbit to Hypural Plate E -
11 Orbit refers to posterior edge of eye socket.
3 -Regenerate
4 -Ille!lible
SPECIES
41 -Kl n9
42 -Red,Sockeye
43 -COho,Silver
44 -Pink
45 -Chum
51 Smelt.
52 -Arctic Char
53 -Dolly Varden
54 -Steel head
55 ~Lake Trout
56 -Northern Pike
57 Shee 1fi sh
58 -Whitefish
59 -
REf-1ARKS
INJURY
1 -Tii5li""iire Net
2 -High Seas Net
3 -Canine-Tooth Predator
4 Shark
AGING DATA
1 -Otol1th Sample
2 -Inverted
5 -Beluga
6 -Lamprey
7 -Other
5 -NissinQ
6 -ReabsoY-bed
1)If the same code is to be used throughout a column,enter the code for the first
fish.then draw an arrow vertically through the column.
2)Length-weight measurement.This form is designed for:a)length measured to the
nearest millimeter or tenth of an inch,b)weight measured to the nearest ten !lrams
(i.e.decagram or thousandth of a kilogram)or tenth of a pound.
When recording length-weight data,be sure to entpr the digits in their proper
columns.For examplf'.a 4.7 lb.fish should be rpcorded in the 2nd ilnd 3rd columns,
not the 1st and 2nd columns.If for some reason length is measured to inches rather
than tp~th of inches,a zero should be entered in the third column.
.....
I
3)Rlank Columns.Thpse columns al"e for use as needecl'.It is anticirated thilt these
uses wi 11 vary froT'l i1rf'a to "rCd.but miCjht include wI"itten remat"ks.tag data.
cit"rilli counts.etr.
Figure 2B.Gum card coding.
-6-
a.Species:~nerka or Reds)Scientific or common
name of sample.
b.Card No.:Consecutive for this area and species (see
A.Number'i ng).
c.Locality:Name of beach,river or area and may include
cannery or site name.Use the COOK INLET SAMPLE
LOCATION CODES.(Table 19)
.....d.Scow/Gear:Gear number code is listed on reverse of
AWL for appropriate type used.
e.Samp]oing date:month/day/year that the scales were
taken.Omit if the same as period date.
f.Period date:month/day/year fish actually caught.
g.Collector:last name(s)of person(s)collecting scales
and data.
h.Remarks:Include anything unusual about weather,the
sample or anything else considered pertinent by
.co 11 ectors.
C.Age Weight Length (AWL)Form (see Figures 3A and 38)
1.General Guidelines
a.Information on the back of the gum card should be the
same as that on the corresponding AWL Form.
b.Each finished scale card should be attached to the
corresponding AWL form with a paper clip.
c.Always use No.2 or softer pencil.
-7-
d.When filling in length data,place the decimal point in
the same column consistant1y.
e.Put zeros in col umns where data not taken -do not
leave columns blank.
Table 19.Anadromous Adult Investigations -Susitna Hydro
Statistical Codes and Code Samples.
DISTRICT SUBDISTRICT RIVER LOCATION CODE LOCATION NAME
247 41 100 100 Susitna Station
247 41 100 101 Yentna Station
247 41 100 102 Sunshine Station
247 41 100 103 Talkeetna Station
247 41 100 104 Curry Station
2.Information Explanation (See Table 19).
d.Project:Code from reverse side of AWL form.
c.Sampling location:See Table 19.
~..,.
Note first date only.
b.District,sub-district and river:See Table 19 for
proper codes.
a.Heading:At the top of each AWL form,the sample name
is written out.The log number will be filled out in
Anchorage.
e.
~.
f.Period:Not necessary to fill out.
-8-
g.Gear:Code for type used to catch the fish.Obtained
from the reverse side of the AWL form.
h.Mesh size:Remains blank.
.-
.-
i .
j.
Sample number:Sequential number which matches an
appropriate gum card (see A.Numbering).
Spec.:Code for each species (see reverse of AWL
form).
k.Sex:Check male or female appropriately.Use 1 for
male,2 for female.
1.Length:Recorded in mi 11 imeters from mi d-eye to fork
of tail.
m.Weight:Recorded to nearest one-tenth kilogram.
n.Age class:Completed by biologists after viewing scale
impressions.
o.Column A and I:Used by Stock Identification -do not
use.
p.Column B:River bank designation.
q.Column C:Injury code (see reverse of AWL form.
Figure 3B)•
r.Columns D-H:Remarks.
-9-
RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
FY-83 Field Data Forms:
~,
FORM No.
RJ 82-01
RJ 82-02
RJ 82-03
RJ 82-04
RJ 82-05
RJ 82-05
(alternate)
RJ 82-06
RJ 82-07
RJ 82-08
RJ 82-09
AH 82-01
AH 82-05 1/
AH 82-ES-Ol 1/
AA-82-02 1/
AA-82-03 1/
AA-82-05 1/
TITLE
Susitna Hydro Standard Gear Catch Data
Susitna Hydro Biological Data
Susitna Hydro Tag Deployment Data
Susitna Hydro Tag Recapture Data
Susitna Hydro Opportunistic Gear Catch Data
Susitna Hydro Opportunistic Gear Catch Data
Susitna Hydro Proposed Impoundment Hook &Line
Catch Data
Susitna Hydro Proposed Impoundment Other Gear
Catch Data
Susitna Hydro Downstream Migrant Trap Catch Data
Susitna Hydro Downstream Migrant Biological Data
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Habitat Field Data·
Stage Data Field Form
Aquatic Habitat Data Electroshocking Form
Electroshocking Data Record for Spawning Fish
Electroshocking Catch Form
Adult Anadromous and Resident Spawning Site Map
1/Use of these forms will be discussed in the AA &AH sections of the
procedure manual respectively.
.~
1!'liiiiGll
Data codes to be presented in filling out the above forms are presented in
Figure 3.
-10-
Form Headings:
t~any of the headings on the RJ data forms are similar and the following
comments refer to these heading in general.
-
Page of ___
FD/SFH
Location
Example (1)-If you fished Indian River for one 3 hr.
sampling period with 15 minnow traps and
you caught 20 ch i nook sa 1mon age 0+.
You would use the following page
numbers.
Standard Gear Form -Page 1..of 1..
Bio.Form -Page 1 of 1..
Example (2)-If you fished Indian River for one 3 hr.
sampling period with 30 minnow traps and
you caught 41 chinook salmon age 0+.
You would use the following page
numbers.
Standard Gear Form -Page 1..of ~
and -Page ~of ~
-Page 1..of l
Bio.Form -Page ~of l
and -Page l of l
FD =Fish Distribution
SFH =Selected Fish Habitat
Circle FD or SFH depending on what type
of location is being sampled and write
the locations name in the space
-11-
-
STA~OARD GEAR CODES
5 "innow trap
5a fish trap
10 trctline
OPPORTUNISTIC GEAR CODES
BAIT CODE
1 artificial
2 fish
3 egg
4 other
5 bacon
SI)HYDRO DATA CODES,1982
RESIDENT SPECIES CODES
162 Slimy sculpin
500 NOt-thern pi ke
530 Dollv Varden
541 Rainbow trout
550 Lake trout
5B2 Humpback whitefish
586 Rouno whitefi'h
590 Burbot
610 Arctic grayling
64D Longnose sucker
66D Threespine sticklehack
661 Ninespine sticklehack
00 Floy Tag
----(000000 to 009999 series)
01 Floy Tag
-- - -(010000 to 019999 series)
0004 Flay Tag
(0004000 series with 7
digits-I50 ta9s deployed
in impoundment durina 19B1
-season)-
Cd Danaler Tag- - - -r:lOO to 3DOO series)
-
1 set 9illnet
la drift aillnet
2 e 1ectroshoc,<
3 beach sei ne
9 hook &1i ne
C other (specify)
,AG CODES
FATE CODES
o marta 1itv
1 released-
2 tagged
3 tagged -hooked in mouth
4 tagged -swallowed hook
5 escaped
6 preserved
RECAPTURE CODES
Su Hydro staff
2 ADF&G (other)
3 Sport Fishermen
(speci fy name.
address,and
phone no.in
cOlm1ents)
JUVEHILE ANADROHOUS CODES
41D Chinook 0+430 Cohn 0+
411 Chinook 1+431 Coho 1+
412 Chinook juvenile 432 Coho 2+
415 Chinook smolt 0+433 Coho juvenile
416 Chinook smolt 1+435 Coho smolt 0+
417 Chinook smolt 436 Coho smolt 1+
437 Coho smolt 2+
420 Sockeye 0+438 Coho smolt
421 Sockeye 1+
422 Sockeye juvenile 44D Pink 0+
425 Sockeye smolt 0+
426 Sockeye smolt 1+450 Chum 0+
427 Soc keye Sma lt
ADULT ANADROMOUS CODES
041 Chinook 511 Smelt,Eulachon
042 Sockeye 585 Bering Cisco L043Coho600Pacificlamprev
044 Pink 601 Arct i c 1amprey
045 Chum "-r:<
,.-
f.
Ie
-'
Figure 3.RJ Data Form Coding,FY-83.
-12-
-
~-
~
I
~J
.....
RM/TRM
GC
Date:Gear Set
Gear Pulled
Collectors Initials
Remarks
provided.Be sure to record the name of
the 1ocati on exactly the same way each
time you return.
RM =River Mile
TRI'1 =Tri buta ry Ri ver Mi 1e
Circle RM or TRM~depending on which is
re 1evant and record the mi 1eage to the
nearest tenth of a mile.
GC =Geographic Code
File in:meridian -(i.e.)S or F
(Seward/Fairbanks)
township -(i.e.)32N
range -(i.e.)OlE
section -(i.e.)04
grid -(i.e.)BAB
82 /06 /01
.year month day
Note -the computer requi res you to
enter a 2-digit number for the year~
month~and day as shown above.
The first letter of each samplers
first and last name is sufficient.
Use this space for line item comments.
If more then one line is needed to
comp 1ete the rema rk ~precede it with a
sub-heading indicating which piece of
-13-
~.
......
gear and/or location the remark pertains
to.
(Le.)5/3-2 Observed a school of 20
sockeye 0+swimming in the
shallows near this trap.
Approximate lengths 20 mm.
..,..
,
Comments The blank space at the bottom of each
sampling form is intended for whole page
comments.
(i.e.)Sport fishermen questioned at
this location indicated that
duri ng the current peri od of
low water,rainbow trout
catches have diminished.
SUSITNA HYDRO STANDARD GEAR CATCH DATA RJ 82-01
Designed for record"ing fishing times and catch by species for 15 minnow
traps,1 fish trap,and 3 trotlines.
The PSN space on this form
code.The first digit will
within a sampling location.
following criteria:
is designed to accommodate a 3 digit location
indicate a hydraulic zone or sub-sampling area
Initially zones were determined based on the
-
ZONE CODES
1
HYDRAULIC DESCRIPTION
Free flowing reach of tributary,slough,or side
channel,not influenced by back water or eddies.
Notes:this code will not be used at mainstem
sites.
-14-
___.,---,.,....",,,,-;;:-.,..c,='_~-.~-.-_"_•.~_.,..__~..~
~-,...------'--~--~--
2
3
At tributary and slough mouth~this code will
represent backwater areas created by the mainstem.
In mainstem sites,this zone will represent slack
water areas with no appreciable velocity.
Notes:if a mainstem,tributary,or slough site
does not have any slack water zone,then
this code will not be used.
Represents the zone where the tributary or slough
mouth water mixes with the mainstem.At mainstem
sites it will represent areas with a significant
surface current.
""!'"'
i
'!
To insure proper coding,a description of each zone should be provided in
the fi e1d notes along with the zone code number that was ass i gned.A
notation in the remarks column concerning the zone number on the data form
(I.E.upper/slough -with current)should also be provided for proper cross
checking of code numbers.Currently the zone codes and their corresponding
hydraulic description are being revised.A listing of the new zone codes
will be included in the updated version of this text.The last 2-digits in
the PSN space represent the gear number (i.e.01-99).Each piece of gear
will reflect a replicate of each hydraulic zone but in all cases will be
recorded individually.
Time set,time pulled,and total time will be recorded in hours and
minutes,and recorded as military time (0000 to 2400 hours).
With regards to·the data codes needed to complete the reminder of this
form,refer to the Su Hydro Data Code sheet and note the following
additi ons:
-
Bait Code -since bacon was established as a standard bait,it now has
its own code no.-(5).
-15-
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-------------------------------
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Species Code -Note that the code changes from last year on slimy sculpin
(162),longnose suckers (640),and Bering cisco (585).
The code list for juvenile anadromous fishes has been
expanded to differentiate juveniles from smolts.Henceforth
the age classes of all juvenile salmon and smolts will be
determined after the field season utilizing the computer.
Consequently,field personnel will only have to assign a
juvenile or smolt code to each juvenile anadromous species
that is captured.
(i.e.)All juvenile chinook are assigned the code (412)
and all chinook smolts should be coded as (417).
SUSITNAHYDRO BIOLOGICAL DATA RJ 82-02
Species Codes -refer to the Su Hydro Data Code sheet
Length -measure all lengths to the nearest millimeters.Record
fork lengths or total lengths for the species being sampled
as prescribed in the 1981 procedures manual.
Sex -male or female,check one if the data is available.
Age -recorded in the office.
Scale Card No.-use pre-numbered cards (0001 -9999).These cards
are designed primarily to reference scales and otoliths
for aging,however they can also be dropped in specimen
bottles and used to identify preserved specimens.
Gear Code -See Su Hydro Data Code Sheet
PSN - 3 digit location code,refer to earlier discussion.
-16-
~.
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.,..
Mesh Size -stretched mesh measurement,recorded to th~nearest
hundredth of an inch.
Tag Number -refer to the Su Hydro Data Code Sheet.Always record the
full 6-digit code and be sure not to leave out any of the
zeroes.Floy tags have 00 or 01 prefix and dangler tags
are indicated by Od prefix followed by a 4-digit code.
Fate Code -see Su Hydro Data Code sheet .
SUSITNA HYDRO TAG DEPLOYMENT DATA RJ 82-03
Tag Number
Gear Code
Date
Species Code
Length
same procedure as indicated previously
-
.Sampling Location -reference all sampling sites to known geographic
locations (i.e.)tributary mouths,sloughs,
bridges,towns,fish distribution locations,etc.
(i.e.)Selected Fish Habitat -O.Smiles below the
Parks Highway bridge.
Mainstem or Tributary -check one.Columns added to aid data processors
in determining whether the river mile recorded
refers to a mainstem or tributary site.
River Mile -same as procedure discussed previously.
SUSITNA HYDRO TAG RECAPTURE DATA RJ 82-04
Tag Number -Note that this form allows for the recovery of
tags with a 7-digit code.This is to allow for
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the recovery of 150 7-digit tags used in
impoundment last season.For all 6-digit tags
recovered.record the number to the right of the
existing zero in the second column and leave the
first column blank.
Recapture Code -refer to Su Hydro Code sheet
All other items on this form discussed previously
SUSITNA HYDRO OPPORTUNISTIC GEAR CATCH DATA RJ 82-05
~,...
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Designed for use with gear that for one reason or another can not be
utilized on a regular basis.Set and drift gill nets.beach seines.hook
and line.and electrofishing gear are considered to be opportunistic gear.
When the field biologist believes such gear deployment is required.a
minimum of two different conditions should be sampled during each sampling
period.The different conditions being sampled and the rationale for why
such sampling is being performed are to be recorded in the field notebook.
Also record this information in the remarks column on the date forms.
An alternate version of Form RJ 82-05 with no net lengths or mesh sizes
listed for gill nets is available upon request.
Conductivity -record hydrolab reading in umhosjcm
...-
i Volts
Amps
record settings on shocker
-
Hook Type -inhouse evaluation of the effectiveness of different hook
types
(i.e.)Mepps spinner.No.2
Royal Coachman.dry fly
-18-
SUSITNA HYDRO PROPOSED IMPOUNDMENT HOOK &LINE CATCH DATA RJ 82-06
This form will be utilized to record hook and line catch data from the
proposed impoundment area above Devil Canyon.
--
r
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I
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Code
M
P
R
Reach -two letter location code which designate the following
three types of habitat locations based on their physical
characteristics:
Description
The confluence habitat encompasses that area of
the Susitna River below the mouth of the tributary
which is influenced by the tributary stream flow,
the mixing area,and that area of the tributary
which is influenced by the rise/fall of the
Susitna River.
The pool habitat is comprised of the large pools
within the tributaries between the mouth and the
proposed impoundment elevation where the bulk of
the resident fish have been observed to reside.
The riffle habitat will include those stretches of
each tributary located;between the major pool
areas in the reach between the mouth of the
tributary and the impoundment elevation.These
areas are comprised of smaller pools,rock eddies,
riffles,and whitewater.
The second 1etter of the 1ocati on code wi 11 be composed of lower case
letters from a to z.Sampling locations at or near the confluence will all
be designated by the letter - a (i.e.Ma,Pa,Ra).Sampling locations
above these sites will be assigned letters in sequence thereafter.(i .e.
Pb,Rb,Pc,Rc ...).
-19-
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TRM -tributary river mile in tenths of miles.
Total Time -hours and hundreths of hours,rounded off to the nearest
quarter hour.
Catch -Species -catches are record by species.Species codes are
listed on the Su Hydro Code sheet.
SUSITNA HYDRO PROPOSED IMPOUNDMENT OTHER GEAR CATCH DATA RJ 82-07
This form is designated for use at sampl ing locations in the mainstem
Susitna River,tributary mouths,and lakes in the proposed impoundment area
above Devil Canyon.
Spec;es Code
PSN
Net Length
Mesh Size
Hook Size
Bait Type
Time (Set,Pulled,and Total)
Catch -Species Code
same procedure as indicated previously
r
I
SUSITNA HYDRO DOWNSTREAM MIGRANT TRAP BIOLOGICAL DATA RJ 82-09
r,I .
Species Code
.Length
Age
same procedure as indicated previously
IF""
I
Scale Slide No.-scale are mounted on glass microscope slides for aging
and these slides are numbered from 0001 to 9999.
Fate Code -discussed previously,see Su Hydro Code sheet.
SUSITNA HYDRO DOWNSTREAM MIGRANT TRAP CATCH DATA RJ 02-08
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;'C
:./
Time -Set
Check
Total
Daily Total
mil itary time
hours,expressed to the nearest tenth of an hour
-
Trap Depth -feet,expressed to the nearest tenth of a foot
Velocity -feet per second,expressed to the nearest tenth of
a foot
Catch -Species Code -same procedure as indicated previously
Remarks -this space will include two addition pieces of data.·
The distance the trap was set from shore will be
recorded to the nearest foot and the total number of
fish that were found as mortalities in the live box
will also be recorded.
SUSITNA HYDRO AQUATIC HABITAT FIELD DATA AH-82-01
Water Quality Data:
Mil tary Time
Temp.-Air
-~Jater
degrees Centigrade expressed to the nearest tenth
of a degree
,~
~-expressed to the nearest tenth
Dissolved Oxygen expressed to the nearest tenth
Spec.Condo -Meter -conductivity meter reading,expressed to the nearest
tenth
-Adj -adjusted reading based on correction factor calulated
for each meter
-21-
Rel.Velocity -feet per second,expressed to the nearest tenth
Turbi dity
Hydrolab No.-record meter number
Barometric Pressure
Staff Gage Measurements:
Staff gages will be numbered with a four part,seven place alph-numeric
code (see example below).
EXAMPLE:Mainstem gage at River mile 101.2,second gage from shore,set
number one
1 o 1 M 1 B
Rivermil e :Placement:Set
Code #
Gage
River Mile (first four places of code)-to be determined to the nearest
tenth mile from the blueline aerial photo maps.
Placement Code (PC)(fifth place)-indicates whether a gage is placed in a
slough (S),at the head of a slough (H),ina tributary (T),in the
mainstem (M),or at an R&M cross-section (X).
SET (sixth place)- a single digit which identifies a group of staff gages
within a site which were set to measure the full range of stage flucautions
at a given point.
GAGE (seventh place)- a letter identifying a gage within a set.Letters
will be assigned alphabetically,beginning with the gage nearest shore.
Gage measurements will be recorded in feet to the nearest hundredth of a
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foot
Substrate Date:
General substrate data will be collected for each hydraulic zone that is
sampled at a fish distribution or selected fish habitat location.
Gear Code leave this space blank
,"/""',
I •.
PSN -this space will be utilized to specify the hydraulic zone code
which is being sampled
Emb -determine embeddedness of the substrate by inspection.If the
embeddedness is sufficient to hinder fish activity (i.e.
spawning,rearing)enter a (Y),if not enter a (N)in this
space.
Dominant -enter the dominant substrate found in that hydraulic zone.
Substrate codes are listed on the form as follows:
Substrate Codes:Substrate Description
SI silt very fine
SA sand fines
GR gravel 1/4"-3"
RU rubble"3"-5"
CO cobble 5"-10"
80 boulder greater than 10"
Notes -describe breakdown of substrate types if ~ecessary.Also note
cover characteristics.~.
-23-
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AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
New Data Form Instructions
Form AH-82-07 was developed for the winter sampling session to more
efficiently record winter data.This was necessary due to the different
types of data and procedures being used.
1-10.Refer to general instructions in 1981 procedures manual (steps 4
and 7 are not on this form).
11.Date:Enter date measurements are being taken.
12.Military Time:Enter time using the 24 hour system (i.e.for
1:00 p.m.enter 13:00).
13.GPSN:enter gear placement site number (described in 1981
procedures manual).
14.Temperature (Temp)°C:Enter air and water temperature.
15.pH:Enter value as measured using the procedure described in the
methods section.
16.Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.,mg/l):Enter value as measured following
the procedure in the methods section.
17.Turbidity (NTU):Indicate with a check ( )on left side of
blank that a turbidity sample was taken,enter turbidity value
after analysis.
18.Specific Conductance;Meter:enter the value for spec.condo as
displayed on the meter.
19.Specific Conductance;Adjusted:Upon return from the field enter
-
--
.-
the adjusted value obtained from the calibration curve.
20.Ice thickness:measure the distance from the bottom of the ice
to the top.
21.Water Depth:enter the distance from the surface of the water to
the substrate.(Notes will be made in the "no te"section of the
form if sl ush ice is present or if the water surface and ice
surface are more than .5 foot different).
22.Mean Velocity:enter the mean velocity measured at .6 depth
under the 0.6 or mean column.If.2 and .8 depth is used enter
the .2 above the slash and .8 below the slash in the 0.2/0.8
column.Enter the mean velocity (calculated by averaging the .2
and .8 measurement)in the .6 or mean column.
23.Substrate:Estimate the three major substrate types within the
sampling site and enter their respective percentages.
24.Meter Numbers (Hydrolab):Enter the serial number of the
hydrolab used.
25.Meter Number (Flow):Enter the type and seri a 1 number of the
flow meter used.
26.Discharge:Record total discharge if measured.
27.Comments,related data,notes:Enter any comments pertinent to
the data collected (i.e.deviation from techniques,other
information available,adverse conditions,etc.).
General Habitat (AH-82-02)
Thi s form was adapted from the wi nter form {AH-82-07 above.The
instructions are the same as those described above with the following
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exceptions.
23.Substrate:·In thi s new form substrate is recorded as descri bed
in the RJ data form section for Embeddedness (23a)domi nant
substrate type (23b)and notes (23c).
28.Barometric Pressure:Record barometric pressure.
Aquatic Habitat Data Electroshocking Form (AH-82-ES-01)
This form is used to record the habitat data collected in association
with electroshocking.
1.File Number:Record appropriate file number.
2.Page:Indicate the page number and total number of pages.
3.Crew:List the names or initials of personnel making
measurements and entering data on form.
4.Date:Enter date in digit format in the order:year,month,
day.
5.Time:Enter military time.
6.Samp 1e #:Enter the as's i gned sample number determi ned by RJ or
AA crew member.System to be developed.
7.Location:Enter descriptive location name.
8.RM:Enter river mile of the site or tributary mouth obtained
from R&M blue line maps.
9.Tributary River Mile:Enter the river mile of the tributary
sampled if applicable.
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10.Geographical Code:Enter the 12 digit code identifying the
sample location.
11.Sample #:Enter number to identify specific data collection
location within the site.
12.Depth:Record depth that measurement was taken.
13.Velocity:Enter the mean velocity measured at 0.6 under the
X/0.6 column.If 0.2 and 0.8 depths are used enter the velocity
under the appropriate column and the mean under X/0.6.
14.Substrate:Record substrate type dominant in the site using
codes explained in the RJ da.ta form section of this addendum.
15.Embeddedness:Record embeddedness as descri bed in the RJ data
form section of this addendum.
16.Air Temperature:Enter air temperature in °C .
17.Intragravel Temperature:Enter intergravel temperature °C.
18.Surface Water Temperature:Enter surface water temperature in
°C.
19.pH:Enter pH .
20.Dissolved Oxygen:Enter dissolved oxygen in I11g/1.
21.Specific Conductance:Enter specific conductance in umhos/cm.
22.Comments:Enter any comments in this section.
Stage Date -Field Form Instructions
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1.Includes the river mile,placement code,set number,gage;refer
to staff gage numbering procedure and format in FY 83 procedures
manual addendum.
2.Year,month,day (eg.820704).
3.Military time (e.g.14:06 hrs.).
4.Actual gage reading in feet,tenths of feet and hundreds of feet.
5.Total depth is the height nf a gage or wading rod placed upon the
substrate next to the installed gage and read at the water
surface.Read also in feet,tens of feet and hundreds of feet.
6.Sampler's initials.
7.Include in the comments section the location of the gage (i.e.
head of Slough 19,mouth of Slough 8A,etc.).Also include any
pertinent information concerning the gage site or sampling site
in general concerning the stage.
8.The number of pages in data set.
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