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1981
RESIDENTIAL
ENERGY SURVEY
(MIRACLE V)
@
San Diego Gas & Electric
Policy & Communication Research Department
August 1982
GA465
1981
RESIDENTIAL ENERGY
SURVEY
(MIRACLE V)
San Diego Gas & Electric
Policy & Communication Research Department
August 1982
Tli
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CHAPTER 1 -
CHAPTER 2 -
SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC
1981 Residential Appliance Saturation Survey
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
1981 System Saturations
Dwelling Characteristics
Household Characteristics
Heating and Cooling Systems
Appliance Saturations
MAJOR FINDINGS
Introduction
Dwelling Type
Single Family Dwellings
New Single Family Homes
Duplex-Triplex/Townhouse/Apartment-
Condominium
Mobile Homes
Owner/Renter Segments
Household Size
Income
Family Type
Geographic Area (Climate Zone)
SDG&E Service Center
Consumption Levels
Conser~a_tion Items lns_tall_e_d
Page
1
3
3
4
5
6
16
16
21
23
24
26
28
31
34
37
40
42
44
45
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Page
CHAPTER 3 -SATURATION OF APPLIANCES
Television Sets 47
Ranges 49
Microwave Ovens 51
Refrigerators 53
Freezers 55
Dishwashers 57
Washing Machines 59
Clothes Dryers 61
Space Heating 63
Air Conditioners 65
Water Heaters 68
Swimming Pool Heaters -Gas 70
CHAPTER 4 -SATURATIONS BY DWELLING TYPE
Saturation Tables 74
CHAPTER 5 -SELECTED SATURATIONS FOR THE
OWNER/RENTER MARKET
Saturation Tables 82
CHAPTER 6 -SELECTED SATURATIONS BY HOUSEHOLD SIZE
Saturation Tables 86
CHAPTER 7 -SELECTED SATURATIONS BY INCOME
-------------------------------------------
Saturation Tables 90
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
CHAPTER 8 -SELECTED SATURATIONS BY FAMILY TYPE
Saturation Tables
CHAPTER 9 -SELECTED SATURATIONS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
Saturation Tables
CHAPTER 10 -SELECTED SATURATIONS BY SERVICE CENTER
Saturation Tables
CHAPTER 11 -SELECTED SATURATIONS BY CONSUMPTION
Saturation Tables
CHAPTER 12 -METHODOLOGY
Background
Questionnaire Design
Sampling Methodology and Response Rate
Survey Procedure
Data Processing and Analysis
APPENDIX
Questionnaire and Cover Letter
Page
94
98
102
108
112
113
114
119
119
SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC
1981 Residential Appliance Saturation Survey
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1 -EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.0 SDG&E System Saturations
CHAPTER 2 -MAJOR FINDINGS
2.1 Average Monthly Consumption
by Type of Dwelling Unit
2.2 Family Distribution for New Homes
2.3 Average Monthly Consumption
New Single Family Owners
2.4 Composition of Family Unit
by Type of Dwelling
2.5 Average Monthly Consumption by
Type of Dwelling by Owner/Renter
Segments
2.6 Average Monthly Consumption by
Household Size
2.7 Average Monthly Consumption by
Income
2.8 Average Monthly Consumption by
Family Type
2.9 Average Monthly Consumption by
Climate Zone
2.10 Average Monthly Consumption by
SDG&E Service Center
-2.-1-1 Conse-I"vation I-tems Insta-lled in-Home
Page
8
17
19
20
22
29
32
35
38
41
43
46
LIST OF TABLES (Cont.)
Page
CHAPTER 12 -METHODOLOGY
12.1 Response Rate by Strata Number 116
12.2 System Level 95% Confidence Intervals
for Appliance Saturation Estimates 118
SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC
1981 Residential Appliance Saturation Survey
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
CHAPTER 3 -SATURATION OF APPLIANCES
Television Sets 48
Ranges 50
Microwave Ovens 52
Refrigerators 54
Freezers. 56
Dishwashers 58
Washing Machines 60
Clothes Dryers 62
Space Heating 64
Air Conditioners -Window-Wall 66
Air Conditioners -Electric Central 67
Water Heaters 69
Swimming Pools -Private Use 71
Swimming Pools -Central Use 72
Swimming Pool Heaters -Gas 73
CHAPTER 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
Under the California Energy Commission's (CEC's) Common
Forecasting Methodology (CFM) forms and instructions, utility companies
are required to conduct surveys in the residential sector on a biennial
basis. Information on residential appliances, demographic
characteristics and related patterns of electricity and natural gas
consumption are gathered from the survey. It is then incorporated into
forecasts of future residential electricity and natural gas demand, and
used to plan effective conservation and load management programs.
The 1981 Residential Energy Survey (or, as it is also called:
Marketing Information Retrieval and Customer Load Estimates (MIRACLE))
was sent to 15,000 individually-metered and master-metered residential
customers in the SDG&E service territory.
This report presents residential customer responses to the 1981
Residential Energy Survey, and has been organized so that this chapter
presents a synopsis of the survey procedure and system level saturations.
Chapter 2 discusses the major findings presented in tabular form in
_ChaFt_e_rs_4-ll. Ghapter 3_cQntains graphic represe11tations of historical
trends in major gas and electric appliances. Details of the survey
procedure are located in Chapter 12, while the Appendix contains the
cover letter and questionnaire sent to each residential customer in the
-1-
sample.
Survey Procedure
The 1981 study is the fifth biennial appliance survey conducted
by SDG&E. Data for this survey was collected from September thru
November 1981 in a two phase survey design. Based on a sample design
done by the CEC, 15,000 residential customers were selected at random
from the Customer Master File. All sampled respondents who did not
respond to the initial mail attempt were mailed a second questionnaire
three weeks later. Subsequently, a 10 percent sample of non-respondents
to either of the mail survey attempts was drawn for follow-up telephone
or personal interviews. The overall response rate was 54% or 8,037
completed usable questionnaires.
With this sample size, there is 95 percent certainty that
saturation estimates close to the SO% level are accurate within± 1.2
percentage points. For example, it is 95% certain that the true
saturation of dishwashers is 55.4 percent ±1.2 percentage points or
within the range 54.2 to 56.6 percent. For saturations closer to either
10 percent or 90 percent, the confidence interval is even smaller, ±0.69
percentage points.
-2-
1981 System Saturations
Dwelling Characteristics
Approximately six of ten dwelling units in the SDG&E service
territory are single family. This number has decreased slightly since
1979, and a possible explanaton for this is the inclusion of
master-metered customers in the MIRACLE V sample. Previous MIRACLE
surveys sampled individually-metered customers only, thus eliminating a
large number of multi-family dwellings and mobile homes. Townhouses
which have become more popular in the past 10 years are occupied by about
8.3% of the residential base, while low-rise (1-3 stories) apartments or
condominimums make up 19.4% of the base.
On a total sample basis, nearly 67% of residential customers
own their dwelling units (this is down from MIRACLE IV due to sampling
technique as explained above). The percentage ownership, of course,
varies widely by dwelling type.
The median age of a dwelling unit in the service territory is
approximately 15.5 years. This number is lower for the northern area of
the service territory due to the boom in housing during the 1970's
(one-third of the homes in this area were built after 1970). Due to
escalating home prices and interest rates since 1979, the number of homes
in the service territory less than two years old has decreased sharply to
2. 9%, contpared to 7. 1% in 1979.
The number of bedrooms and resulting square footage is largely
a function of the dwelling type. New single family homes are the largest
while apartments in general are smallest. Clearly, residents of new
-3-
single family homes are the most affluent and residents of apartments the
least affluent. Mobile homes tend to parallel apartments both in size
and in the_demographic composition of their residents.
Insulation for ceilings and walls appears to be dramatically
different by dwelling type. New single family homes are the most likely
to report having R-19 or greater ceiling insulation (this was mandated
for new home construction in 1975). However, knowledge about the
presence of insulation does vary widely, but has improved since
MIRACLE IV. For example, nearly 70% of apartment or condominium dwellers
said they did not know whether their building was insulated, as compared
to 84% in 1979. Even among new single family dwellers, most of whom are
homeowners, a lack of information was discovered. Consequently it is
still very difficult to make meaningful comparisons on this variable.
Household Characteristics
The number of residents per household is closely related to the
size and type of dwelling unit. As might be expected, the majority of
families in single family dwellings consist of three or more members. By
contrast 39.8% of all apartments or condominiums are occupied by a single
individual. The most predominant age categories for these apartment
dwellers are 25-34 and 19-24. Mobile homes, on the other hand, attract
older residents. In fact, over 68% of mobile home occupants are at least
55 years of age. Unlike apartments, though, less than one-third are
occ~~ied_~y one person living alone.
Educational and income demographics also tend to be correlated
with dwelling type. Residents of new single family homes have the most
education (82% completing at least some college courses) and the highest
-4-
annual family incomes. Since income was obtained through group
categories it is not possible to calculate an exact mean. However,
assuming that every observation in a class has a value equal to the class
midpoint and that the midpoint of the upper unbounded class is $60,000, a
rough approximation of the mean can be made. These calculations reveal
that new single family households have an average income of approximately
$38,628 per year. This is up $14,328 from 1979. Per capita this amounts
to roughly $12,665. By contrast the household and per capita incomes for
apartment/condominium dwellers are $16,938 and $8,785, respectively,
while townhouse dwellers were somewhat higher with average incomes of
$24,022 per year and per capita incomes of $9,797.
Heating and Cooling Systems
The primary fuel used for space heating in the SDG&E service
territory is natural gas. Of the 77.1% using natural gas, more than
one-half have forced air systems. By dwelling type, single family homes,
duplex-triplex units and mobile homes are most likely to use gas.
More than 20% of the dwelling units claim use of a fireplace
for additional heating. This number greatly exceeds any other type of
additional heating mentioned.
Slightly more than 25% of the dwellings in the SDG&E service
territory have air conditioning. This saturation level varies widely by
type of residence with the range from a low of 13.8% among duplexes to a
high of 60.1% among mobile homes. New single family homes, townhouses,
and mobile homes are the most likely to have electric central systems,
while the majority of apartments/condos have window, wall units.
-5-
Appliance Saturations
Appliance saturations generally vary as a function of dwelling
type, number of residents, income and composition of the family unit.
New single family homes tend to have the greatest number and variety of
appliances, while duplex-triplex have the least.
Ownership trends over time are pictorially represented in
Chapter 3. In a capsulized form, the following appliances have shown
relatively substantial growth rates in the past 5-IO years.
Microwave Ovens
Dishwashers
Color Televisions
(up 373% since I975)
(up 60% since I97I although
down 4% since I979)
(up 48% since I971)
Those appliances which have declined in the past few years include:
Black & White_ Televisions (down 42% since I975)
Ownership of Multiple
-Refrigerators
Frost-free Freezers
(down 63% since 1979)
(down 35% since I97I)
Some appliance saturations have changed significantly only in the past
two years, such as ownership of multiple refrigerators and dishwashers
(mentioned above). Others include:
Electric Ranges
Frost-free refrigerator
Clothes Dryers in Home
(although up since I97I, has remained
constant since I975)
(although up 24% in I979, has
decreased 4% since then)
(although up II% in I979 over
I975, has decreased 7% since I979)
-6-
Again, an explanation for the decrease in some saturations
since 1979 is the inclusion of master-metered customers in the 1981
sample. Another possible explanation for the decrease since 1979 is the
rising cost of energy forcing people to unplug their second refrigerator
or separate freezer. Other appliance saturations have remained more or
less constant.
-7-
TABLE 1.0
SDG&E SYSTEM SATURATIONS:
Home Information
(Percent)
Dwelling Type
Single Family
Townhouse or Row House
Duplex-Triplex
Low-Rise Apt. or Condominium
High-Rise Apt. or Condominium
Mobile Home
Home Ownership
Own
Rent/Lease
Other
Year Home Was Built
1980 or Later
1979
1975-1978
1970-1974
1960-1969
1950-1959
1940-1949
Before 1940
Don't Know
Number of Bedrooms
Studio
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six or More
Square Footage
Less than 300 Sq. Feet
300-499 Sq. Feet
500-799 Sq. Feet
800-1099 Sq. Feet
1100-1299 Sq. Feet
1300-1599 Sq. Feet
16oo-19_99 sq. Feet
2000-2399 Sq. Feet
2400-2999 Sq. Feet
3000 Sq. Feet or More
Don't Know
-8-
59.8
8.3
6.5
19.4
0.8
5.2
66.7
32.6
0.7
2.9
4.6
14.2
17.7
19.4
15.9
6.0
6.3
13.1
1.1
12.6
34.6
34.3
14.9
2.1
0.4
1.1
2.5
6.2
12.3
11.3
14.6
13.8
6.8
4.6
2.3
24.6
Ceiling Insulation
None 20.5
Less than R-11 1.5
R-11 thru R-18 7.2
R-19 or Greater 38.7
Don't Know 32.1
Wall Insulation
Yes 32.5
No 25.9
Not Sure 41.6
-9-
SDG&E SYSTEM SATURATIONS:
Number of Residents
One
Two
Three or Four
Five or Six
Seven or Eight
Nine or More
Household Information
(Percent)
Residents in Specific Age Groups
5 or Under
6-9
10-14
15-18
19-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Residents Age 5 or Under
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five to Nine
Residents Age 6-9
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five to Nine
Residents Age 10-14
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five to Nine
-10-
19.6
38.7
31.5
8.6
1.2
0.4
5.2
4.7
5.0
4.2
7.9
14.8
14.4
11.3
11.6
21.1
84.8
10.4
4.1
0.5
0.1
0.0
88.8
9.2
1.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
86.7
9.3
3.4
0.5
0.1
0.0
Residents Age 15-18
None 87.9
One 8.8
Two 2.7
Three 0.6
Four 0.1
Five to Nine 0.0
Residents Age 19-24
None 80.9
One 12.5
Two 5.6
Three 0.7
Four 0.2
Five to Nine 0.1
Residents Age 25-34
None 68.1
One 17.0
Two 14.2
Three 0.5
Four 0.1
Five to Nine 0.0
Residents Age 35-44
None 76.4
One 14.3
Two 9.2
Three 0.0
Four 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0
Residents Age 45-54
None 80.7
One 11.5
Two 7.7
Three 0.0
Four 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0
Residents Age 55-64
None 79.0
One 12.5
Two 8.3
Three 0.0
Four 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0
-11-
Residents Age 65 or Older
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five to Nine
Educational Background
Head of Household
Elementary School
Some High School
High School Grad
Trade or Technical School
Some College
2 Year College Grad
4 Year College Grad
or above
Total Annual
Household Income
Less than $2,499
$2,500-$4,999
$5,000-$7,499
$7,500-$9,999
$10,000-$12,499
$12,500-$14,999
$15,000-$19,999
$20,000-$24,999
$25,000-$29,999
$30,000-$34,999
$35,000-$39,999
$40,000-$44,999
$45,000-$49,999
$50,000 or more
-12-
76.4
14.3
9. 1
0.2
0.0
0.0
3.3
6.4
19.5
5.3
21.4
10.3
33.7
2.2
4.2
6.6
6.4
9.0
6.9
12.9
13.4
9.7
8.6
5.7
4.1
2.4
8.0
SDG&E SYSTEM SATURATIONS:
Space Conditioning
(Percent)
Space Heating Fuel
Electricity
Natural Gas
Bottled Gas
Solar System
Other
Don't Know
Space Heating System
Electric Forced Air
Electric Floor, Ceiling
Electric Heat Pump
Gas Forced Air
Gas Wall, Floor
Other
None
Don't Know
Additional Electric Heaters
None
One
Two
Three or More
Air Conditioning System
Electric Central
Window, Wall
Heat Pump
Evaporative
Gas Central
None
Don't Know
-13-
17.5
77.1
2.1
0.1
1.5
1.5
2.8
12.2
1.7
42.4
31.7
3.3
3.9
0.0
57.2
36.1
5.4
1.3
10.3
11.3
1.4
2.0
1.6
72.7
0.6
SDG&E SYSTEM SATURATIONS:
Appliances
(Percent)
Television
None
Black and White Only
Color Only
Both
Number of Black and White
Televisions
One
Two
Three
Four
Total*"".\-
Number of Color Televisions
One
Two
Three
Four
Total-m"
Type of Cooking Range
None
Electric
Natural Gas
Bottled Gas
Other
Microwave Oven
Type of Refrigerator
None
Manual Defrost
Frost-Free
Both Manual and Frost-Free
Number of Frost-Free Refrigerators
One
Two
Three or More
Total**
* Trend data pictorially presented in Chapter 3.
;"* Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers.
-14-
1.8
9.8
69.5
18.9
25.8
2.5
0.3
0.0
31.7
67.5
18.5
2.2
0.2
111.9
0.6
48.6
47.6
1.4
1.7
34.5
2.5
23.2
67.5
6.8
69.8
4.8
0.2
80.0
Type of Freezer
Upright Manual Defrost
Upright -Manual Frost-Free
Chest
-
Dishwasher
Washing Machine
Private Use
Multi-Residence Use
Type of Clothes Dryer
Electric-Private Use
Natural Gas-Private Use
Bottled Gas-Private Use
Central Location
Don't Know
Type of Water Heater
Electric
Natural Gas
Bottled Gas
Solar System
Central Location
Don't Know
Swimming Pool
Private Use
Multi-Residence Use
Swimming Pool Heaters
(Among Swimming Pool Owners)
None
Natural Gas
Solar Heat
Other
Don't Know
Pool Cover
Jacuzzi'1•
* Includes Central Use Facilities
-15-
11.8
6.6
5.6
55.4
68.9
20.9
37.7
35.8
0.8
24.7
0.9
9.5
66.6
1.7
3.4
16.8
1.8
8.5
19.6
39.5
23.2
19.4
6.1
5.5
7.9
17.5
CHAPTER 2
MAJOR FINDINGS
Introduction
Residential appliance saturations and energy end-use are
greatly affected by certain demographic and lifestyle variables. For
example, single family homes consume more energy than apartments, large
families use more than small families, and so forth. This chapter
presents an analysis of energy end-use for mutually exclusive groups of
customers. Eight separate segmenting dimensions were considered: type of
dwelling unit, owner vs. renter, size of household, family income level,
composition of family unit, geographic area, SDG&E service center and
kilowatt hour consumption. Each of these will be discussed in the
following sections in a summary form. For more detailed data, reference
should be made to Chapters 4-11.
I . DWELLING TYPE
For the purpose of analyzing residential energy end-use,
dwelling units were split into six catagories: single family, new single
f::~.mily (~ess than 2 years old), duplex-triplex, townhouse, apartment or
condominium, and mobile home. Average monthly consumption by dwelling
type is presented in Table 2.1.
-16-
Dwelling_ Unit
Single Family
New Single Family
(less than 2 yrs.)
Duplex-Triplex
Townhouse
TABLE 2.1
Average Monthly Consumption
by Type of Dwelling Unit
Kwhrs
517
580
300
429
Apartment or Condominium 285
Mobile Home 389
-17-
Therms
48
39
34
36
22
45
New single family homes are the largest users of electricity.
However, these homes are significantly larger and have higher levels of
appliance o~nership. Consequently it might be expected that these
dwellings would use even more energy than they actually do. Undoubtedly
the presence of insulation and, to a lesser extent, energy efficient
appliances in these dwellings reduces energy consumption levels.
As seen in Table 2.2, established adults and established
families make up over one-half of new single family homeowners. This
differs greatly from MIRACLE IV, in that fewer young families are
purchasing new single family homes. This is due, in a large part, to
rising housing prices and escalating interest rates over the past two
years. Established adults and established families tend to have more
equity built up in previous homes.
Younger homeowners have lower levels of energy use as can be
seen in Table 2.3. This implies two things: 1) younger families are
smaller in size than established families, thus using less energy, and
2) these young homeowners are spending a large portion of their income on
such things as the mortgage while deferring the purchase of
electricity-consuming appliances.
-18-
Family Type*
Young Adults
Young Families
Established Adults
Established Families
Seniors
Unclassified
TABLE 2.2
Family Distribution for New Homes
Base = Single Family Owners
Percentage
4.0
9.1
39.4
20.6
9. 1
17.7
*For a complete description of categories see page 37.
-19-
Family TyPe
Young Adults
Young Families
Established Adults
Established Families
TABLE 2.3
Average Monthly Consumption
New Single Family Owners
Kwhr
464
593
-20-
Therms
37
39
While some dwelling types such as townhouses and apartments or
condominiums appear to be similar, their patterns of consumption are
really qui~e different. Not only is there a difference in the dwelling
types themselves, but the composition of the occupants varies widely.
This is seen most clearly in Table 2.4. These figures show, for example,
that 28% of single family dwellers are established families with
children, while 54.6% of mobile home dwellers are senior citizens. Thus
in examining usage pattern by dwelling type it is important to relate
these back to the composition of the family group occupying the dwelling.
A. Single Family Dwellings
The major distinguishing characteristic of single family homes
is the presence of children. Over 43% of all single family home dwellers
have at least one child under the age of 18. The vast majority (85.2%)
of these homes are owner-occupied and 73.4% have three or more bedrooms.
As most single family homes in the service territory were built
ten or more years ago, it is not surprising to discover that natural gas
is the primary fuel used for space and water heating. Cooking ranges,
however, are nearly equally divided between electric and natural gas
models (since this appliance is more likely to be retrofitted than is a
central heating system).
-21-
TABLE 2.4
Composition of Family Unit
by Type of Dwelling
New Apt.
Single Single Duplex-Town-or Mobile Total
Famil1 Family Triplex house Condo Home Sample
Young Adults 1.1% 0.8% 3.6% 4.5% 10.1% 0.5% 3.3%
Young Families 11.9 13.5 19.3 11.9 11.6 3.4 11.9
Established Adults 27.1 31.0 31.5 36.7 37.0 24.0 30.1
Established Families 28.0 24.6 9.6 16.6 7.1 4.1 20.3
Seniors 15.9 8.7 20.8 14.5 19.3 54.6 18.8
Unclassified 15.8 21.4 15.1 15.7 14.8 13.5 15.5
Children in Household 43.3% 46.8% 30.4% 29.6% 18.6% 9.4% 34.6%
-22-
The market for many appliances is well saturated within the
single family segment. For example, 92.3% own at least one color
television, _85% own a frost-free refrigerator, and 43.2% have a microwave
oven (up from 35% in 1979).
Similarly, the saturation is high for washing m3chines and
dryers. Over 90% of these units have a washing machine, while 80% own a
dryer, half of which are electric. This saturation level for both
washers and dryers has remained constant over the past few years.
B. New Single Family Homes
The occupants of new single family homes appear to be divided
into two distinct categories: 1) established families and 2) established
adults. Young families, while still comprising a viable market segment,
account for less than 14% of the family units in the new home category.
This number has remained constant over the past few years. Thus, while
young families may be constrained by budgeting limitations which may
lower the overall consumption level for the category, the effect is not
pronounced. By contrast established families comprise nearly 25% of the
sample. These are heavy users with average monthly consumption of 611
kwhrs and 53 therms.
Demographically, residents of newer homes tend to be upscale,
with over two-thirds having total annual family incomes exce~ding $30,000
per year. With income at this level it is not surprising to discover
that the vast majority (92%) own their homes. Over half of the
heads-of-household have at least one four-year college degree, and
another 25% have completed some college or a two-year college degree.
-23-
Physically these homes are also above average both in size and
in possession of selected appliances. Almost half have four bedrooms or
more and a ~early equal number contain more than 2,000 square feet.
Approximately three-fourths own a microwave oven, while 23.8% have a
jacuzzi (up from 60% and 20% respectively in 1979).
As might be expected, a higher percentage (69.1%) have natural
gas space heating and nearly three in four have electric cooking ranges.
While most of these homes have gas water heaters, the incidence of solar
water heaters (15.3%) has grown significantly over the past few years.
This higher incidence can be attributed to a San Diego County building
code which requires that solar water heating be installed in new homes.
This will also affect new single family dwellers' overall consumption
levels.
C. Duplex-Triplex/Townhouse/Apartment or Condominium
It was initially thought that duplex-triplexes*, townhouses,
and apartments/condominiums would be somewhat similar in their energy-use
profiles. But in looking at their average monthly consumption they
differ substantially. Duplexes and apartments/cocdos have fairly
*hereinafter referred to as "duplexes".
-24-
similar levels of average monthly consumption (300 kwhrs/34 therms and
284 kwhrs/21 therms respectively). However, townhouses differ the most,
using an av~rage of 429 kilowatt hours and 36 therms monthly and is due
mainly to differences in dwelling characteristics.
Approximately two-thirds of all townhouses are owner-occupied,
compared to only 16.3% for apartments/condos and 33.5% for duplexes.
These owner-occupied duplexes are undoubtedly smaller buildings where the
owner lives in one of the units.
Both duplexes and apartments/condos tend to be rather small,
occupying less than 1100 square feet, and to have only one or two
bedrooms. Consequently most are occupied by one or two people.
Conversely, townhouses are somewhat larger, ranging in size from 800-2000
square feet, and having two or three bedrooms. Townhouses also tend to
be newer than duplexes or apartments/condos.
It was not surprising to discover that the total annual
household income for residents of duplexes and apartments/condos is less
than for single family homes. However, townhouse residents tend to be
more upscale demographically than residents of duplexes and
apartments/condos, having above average household incomes and almost half
having a college degree. In all three dwelling types, the majority have
at least a high school diploma, while significantly more than half have
some college training.
The greatest difference between duplexes, townhouses and
apa-rtment-s/eondos oceu'rs with respect to the fuel used for space heating.
Slightly more than 52% of apartments/condos are heated by electricity,
with the most popular system being floor or ceiling units. Duplexes, on
the other hand, are primarily heated by natural gas wall and floor units.
-25-
Townhouses are also mainly heated with natural gas, which includes
central forced air and wall-floor units. Twenty percent of townhouses
also have electric floor or ceiling units.
Apartments/condos are more likely to have electric window, wall
air conditioning units as well as electric central. The majority of
townhouses have electric central air conditioning, while duplexes
generally had no type of air conditioning at all (86%).
Of the three dwelling types, townhouses had the highest
saturation of color televisions (110 per 100 customers), microwave ovens
(31.6%), frost-free refrigerators (72.9%) and dishwashers (65.7%).
Duplexes were more likely to have natural gas ranges, while townhouses
and apartments/condos had a higher saturation of electric ranges.
D. Mobile Homes
Almost one-half of all mobile homes are occupied by senior
citizens. This is a big jump from 1979, but again it can be atributed to
the inclusion of master-metered dwellings in the sample, which would
include more mobile home parks in which senior citizens reside. The vast
maJority (96.7%) own their units. On the average the mobile homes in the
sample have two bedrooms and are 500-1600 square feet.
Natural gas is used for space heating by nearly 90% of mobile
home occupants with forced air systems being the most common. Natural
gas is also used by 78.7% for cooking and 86.4% for water heating.
Surprisingly, mobile homes have the highest incidence of air
conditioning. Sixty percent have some type of system, the majority of
which are either electric central or evaporative units.
-26-
Nearly nine out of ten mobile home occupants either own a
washer and dryer or have access to a set through central-use facilities.
Over one-third of these are common-use appliances. As with condominium
residents, mobile home dwellers are also likely to have swimming pools
and jacuzzis available for use (65.2% and 39.0%, respectively).
-27-
II . OWNER/RENTER SEGMENTS
Oyer 85% of single family homes are owner-occupied. This
figure jncreases to 92% for new homes and 96.7% for all mobile homes,
regardless of age. As might be expected the owner segment is
considerably smaller among duplex-triplex and apartment/condominium
dwellings (33.5% and 46.3%, respectively). Townhouses fall in the middle
with 60.7% owning their dwelling.
As Table 2.5 illustrates, owners of single family dwellings
have the highest average consumption levels, significantly above that of
single family renters. No other segments parallel single family owners
in their consumption patterns. Single family renters, townhouse renters,
and apartment/condo owners tend to be more parallel in their energy use
patterns.
In general, rented single family homes tend to be older,
smaller and less well insulated than owner occupied homes. The occupants
of these dwelling units likewise tend to be younger and have lower annual
household incomes --$18,384 compared to $22,244 for single family
owners.
-28-
Dwelling Unit
Single Family
Owners
Renters
Townhouse
Owners
Renters
Apartment/Condominium
Owners
Renters
TABLE 2.5
Average Monthly Consumption
by Type of Dwelling Unit
by Owner/Renter Segments
-29-
Kwhrs
540
368
472
346
389
260
Therms
49
43
38
32
30
20
The vast majority of single family homes are heated by natural
gas and, in fact, there is no difference between owners and renters on
this variable. The heating system, however, does tend to vary; owners
being more likely to have forced air systems and renters more likely to
have wall or floor furnaces. Electric space heating systems while not.
particularly popular in the single family market are found more often in
multi-family dwellings.
As might be expected from the demographic characteristics of
the residents, single family renters tend to own fewer appliances than
single family owners. This is particularly true for appliances such as
color televisions, microwave ovens, freezers, and dishwashers which could
be termed luxury items. Similarly, single family owners are much more
likely to own both a washing machine and a dryer.
Multi-family owners tend to parallel single family owners in
ownership of most of the major appliances. However, a higher percentage
of multi-family owners have electric ranges and electric space heating.
Finally, multi-family renters own the fewest appliances of any
segment. For example, less than 15% own a microwave oven, freezer,
washing machine or dryer. However, the majority of multi-family renters
do have access to the latter two appliances through central-use
facilities.
-30-
III. HOUSEHOLD SIZE
O~viously, the relationship between consumption and household
size is not a linear one. Table 2.6 shows the average monthly
consumption for various household sizes. A single person household might
be considered a base load, subject of course, to different lifestyle
dimensions. The following will examine the effect of additional
household members upon appliance saturations. In particular, one-person
households will be compared to those with five or more members.
As might be expected, over 92% of households with five or more
members occupy a single family dwelling while one-person households are
significantly more likely to live in some type of multi-family structure.
These multi-family homes tend to be older and, of course, much smaller
than those occupied by larger families.
Since almost two-thirds of the one-person households reside in
an apartment or condominium, it was not surprising to discover that
almost one-fourth have electric space heating with floor or ceiling units
being the most common. Understandably larger families who live in single
family homes tend to have gas space heating.
The average income for a one-person household is approximately
$13,000. By contrast households with five or more members earn almost
$27,000 per year. Since it is impossible to determine how many wage
earners are present in these larger households, direct comparisons cannot
be made. However, an examination of the age categories reveals that
nearly half of the one-person households are comprised of an adult over
the age of 55. The adults in the larger households are considerably
-31-
TABLE 2.6
Average Monthly Consumption
by Household Size
Household Size Kwhrs Therms
One 261 32
Two 418 40
Three or Four 542 49
Five or More 641 56
-32-
younger and would presumably have greater earning power. This has not
changed at all since 1979.
H~gher incomes and larger family sizes are closely correlated
with appliance ownership. For example, almost 40% of families with five
or more members own a freezer, one-third of which are frost-free. These
families are also much more likely to own microwave ovens, dishwashers,
washing machines, clothes dryers, and more than one refrigerator. Only
swimming pools and jacuzzis are found more often among single-person
households and this, of course, is due to the higher incidence of
apartment dwellers.
-33-
IV. INCOME
The average total annual household income in the service
territory is approximately $23,093. To examine the income effect upon
appliance saturations, two separate groups were considered: those
earning less than $12,500 (28.4% of the population) and those earning
more than $40,000 per year (14.5% of the population). Table 2.7 presents
the average monthly consumption for these two groups. The net difference
in energy usage is over 374 Kwhrs and 22 therms monthly.
Customers earning more than $40,000 per year tend to own
relatively new, large, single family dwellings. Almost half of these
homes have more than 2,000 square feet and as they are newer, the
majority are well insulated.
In contrast, less than two-thirds of those customers earning
less than $12,500 per year live in a single family home. The homes
occupied by this group tend to be older, significantly smaller, and not
as well insulated.
While both groups of customers tend to have gas space heating,
primarily those earning less than $12,l500 are more likely to have wall or
floor units, while those with incomes above $40,000 tend to have forced
air systems. This latter group is also more likely to have some type of
air conditioning system.
-34-
Income
Less than $12,500
$40,000 or more
TABLE 2. 7
Average Monthly Consumption
by Income
Kwhrs
299
673
-35-
Therms
36
58
The greater purchasing power of the more affluent customers is
particularly obvious in the appliance saturation figures. For example,
these custo~ers own nearly twice the number of color televisions,
frost-free refrigerators and freezers. Well over half of them have a
microwave oven and almost 90% have a dishwasher. Additionally, one out
of four families with incomes over $40,000 has a private swimming pool
and nearly 30% have the use of a jacuzzi. These comparisons between
income have not changed significantly between MIRACLE IV and V, however,
the average income did go up.
-36-
V. FAMILY TYPE
It was hypothesized that energy end-use might be greatly
affected by the structure of the household unit. Consequently five
categories were defined as follows:
Young adults
Young families
Established adults
Established families
Senior Citizens
Adults 19-24
No children
Adults 19-34
Children 0-18
Adults 25-64
No children
Adults 35-64
Children 0-18
Adults 65 +
No Children
These classifications accounted for over 80% of the sample; the remainder
were considered too heterogeneous to be placed in a group. Table 2.8
illustrates the average monthly consumption for each of these five
groups. As might be expected, established families have the highest
average monthly consumption, 184 Kwhrs and 11 therms above any other
group.
The vast majority of established families live in large single
family dwellings which they own. While young families also tend to ocupy
single family homes, these units are generally smaller (three or fewer
bedrooms) and more frequently rented. Not surprisingly, over half of all
young adults reside in an apartment or condominium.
-37-
Family Type
Young Adults
Young Families
Established Adults
Established Families
Senior Citizens
TABLE 2.8
Average Monthly Consumption
by Family Type
Kwhrs
265
427
396
611
370
-38-
Therms
25
42
38
53
40
On a system-wide basis, approximately one in five individually
metered residences is heated by electricity. Sine~ young adults tend to
occupy apart~ents, the saturation of electric space heating is much
higher among this group.
As with other segmenting dimensions previously considered,
appliance ownership levels are highly dependent upon the economic
characteristics of the household. Consequently, established families own
more appliances than any other group. For. example, 48.3% own a microwave
oven, 38.5% own a freezer, and 70.2% have a dishwasher. At the other end
of the spectrum young adults own the fewest appliances, with 16.5% owning
a microwave oven, and 44% having a dishwasher. Finally, while senior
citizens may have less disposable income, the market for appliances such
as televisions, frost-free refrigerators and washing machines is fairly
well saturated.
-39-
VI. GEOGRAPHIC AREA (CLIMATE ZONE)
Geographic area is also thought to greatly impact energy end
use. The closer a person lives to the ocean, the more mild the
temperature. Further inland greater fluctuations occur between cold and
hot temperatures. Geographic climate zones were classified by SDG&E
defined areas. Table 2.9 illustrates the average monthly consumption for
each climate zone. As might be expected, the inland zone had the highest
average monthly consumption, 564 kwhrs and 47 therms.
There are significant differences in dwelling characteristics
between the climate zones, especially the maritime and inland zones.
Homes in the inland area are newer (less than 10 years old) then the
maritime zone, 45.6% versus 19.2%, and tend to be larger, with more
square footage and bedrooms.
Appliance ownership also differs between the two zones. Those
customers who live in the inland zone own more color televisions,
microwave ovens, freezers, and dishwashers.
The coastal zone falls in-between the maritime and inland zones
in all ownership levels of appliances. In demographic characteristics
residents in the coastal zone more closely resemble those in the inland
zone.
-40-
Climate Zone
Maritime
Coastal
Inland
TABLE 2.9
Average Monthly Consumption
by Climate Zone
Kwhrs
359
453
564
-41-
Therms
41
45
47
VII. SDG&E SERVICE CENTER
Another way to look at differences in energy end-use is to
categorize customers into SDG&E's Service Centers. Table 2.10 presents
the average monthly consumption for each service center. As might be
expected, the Eastern and Northeast service centers have higher electric
consumption due to more extreme differences in temperature during the
year, and as a result, higher saturations of air conditioning (55.4% and
48.8% respectively).
It was not surprising to find that newer, larger homes are
found in the North Coast, Northeast and Orange County service centers,
since these are the fastest growing areas in San Diego County. These
three service centers also stand out in home ownership and.incidence of
wall and ceiling insulation, which correlates directly with the number of
new homes.
Income differences stand out significantly in the service
centers. Over one-half of all customers in Orange County have incomes
greater than $30,000 per year. Again, this correlates to the newer,
larger homes.
Centre City service center has the lowest incomes, with almost
50% earning less than $12,500 per year. This is not a surprising fact
since the Centre City service center covers downtown, southeast San Diego
and North Park, which are known as lower income areas.
Appliance ownership patterns tend to follow in line with
dwelling characteristics and income. North Coast, Northeast and Orange
County tend to lead the way in appliance ownership of such items as
frost-free refrigerators, dishwashers and jacuzzis.
-42-
TABLE 2.10
Average Monthly Consumption
by SDG&E Service Center
Service Cem:.er Kwhrs Therms
Beach Cities 441 46
Centre City 316 37
Eastern 521 45
North Coast 503 46
Northeast 580 46
Orange County 428 NA
South Bay 406 42
-43-
VII I. CONSUMPTION LEVELS
Consumption levels can really give a good picture of appliance
ownership and dwelling characteristics. The consumption levels used in
Chapter 11 tables were put together by the CEC and defined as follows:
1) low consumption -0 to 400 kwhrs average monthly electric consumption,
2) medium consumption -401 to 700 kwhrs, and 3) high consumption -701
or more kwhrs.
As expected, those dwellings with high consumption tend to be
single family, larger homes with residents having somewhat higher incomes
(55.6% earning $40,000 or more annually). It is interesting to note that
the amount of ceiling insulation is the same for all three levels of
consumption.
The vast majority of homes in all three consumption categories
are heated by natural gas. The heating system, however, does tend to
vary slightly, with high consumption dwellings being more likely to have
gas forced air systems.
As stated before, high consumption is closely correlated with
appliance ownership. For example, one in five high consumption
households have electric central air conditioning. These households are
also much more likely to own color televisions, microwave ovens,
frost-free freezers, dishwashers, swimming pools and jacuzzis. All of
which contribute to the higher levels of consumption.
-44-
IX. CONSERVATION ITEMS INSTALLED
For the first time, the MIRACLE V survey questioned customers
about conservation items installed in the home. Table 2.11 depicts the
percentage of responses to twelve conservation items listed in the
questionnaire. As might be expected, the highest percentage of responses
was for lower priced conservation items, such as water heater blankets,
showerhead flow restrictors, caulking or weatherstripping, and
replacement of light bulbs with lower wattage bulbs.
No direct comparisons can be made against other surveys on
conservation items installed, because of different wording of the
questions or different sample groups. The intention, however, is to
continue with this questioning in future MIRACLE surveys so as to provide
for a common base in trending and for tying in these data with other
unique MIRACLE information.
-45-
TABLE 2.11
Conservation Items Installed In Home
Installed Installed
Never Since Before
Done Moved In Moved In
Added Ceiling Insulation 58.4% 22.0% 19.6%
Installed a Water Heater
Blanket 71.8 26.1 2.0
Installed a Clock Thermostat 89.9 5.2 4.8
Installed Showerhead Flow
Restrictor 59.4 35.4 5.2
Replaced Light Bulbs with
Lower Wattage Bulbs 30.3 67.5 2.2
Put in Caulking/Weatherstrip-
ing around Windows/Doors 62.2 29.3 8.5
Put Insulation around Water
Pipes/Air Ducts .· 82.8 10.4 6.8
Installed Swimming Pool
Cover 91.7 6.9 1.4
Added Wall Insulation 80.6 9.2 10.2
Added Attic Turbine
Ventilator 85.7 12.0 2.3
Added Window Film
. OF Glazing 84.9 13.2 1.9
Added External Shading
to Windows 78.6 17.6 3.8
-46-
CHAPTER 3
SATURATION OF APPLIANCES
Television Sets
Ninety eight percent of the homes in the service territory have
at least one television set. While the percentage of customers owning a
black and white set has been declining, the percentage owning a color set
has increased dramatically and is just now leveling off. In fact, 88.4%
of all households now own at least one color television; 20.9% own more
than one. This brings the total to 111.9 color televisions per 100
customers. The largest number of color television sets are owned by:
• New single, family homes (134.8 per 100 customers)
• Home·owners (126.3 per 100 customers)
• Households with 5 or more persons (121.8 per 100 customers)
• Households earning in excess of $40,000 per year (139.1 per 100
customers)
• Established families (125.5 per 100 customers)
• Households in the coastal climate zone (112.1 per 100
customers)
• Households in the Orange County SDG&E service territory (122.6
per 100 customers)
• Households with high consumption -more than 400 kwhrs per
month (136.1 per 100 customers)
-47-
z
0 -~
~
:::>
(-c < tl)
I
~~
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< (-c z
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~
~
~
100-l 97.3
80
60
40
20
TELEVISION
% OF SATURATION
(FOR ALL CUSTOMERS)
97.5 97.5 97.8
0 I r-:--· 1 I ( I I r.·.-.-.J I <I I W
1971 1973 1975 1977
YEAR
98.2
1979 1981
-B&W
VIlA COLOR
f::};i{:::::::::l TOTAL
Ranges
S~turation of electric ranges steadily increased between the
period 1970-1975 most likely as a result of consumer demand for a cleaner
cooking fuel. This percentage has remained relatively constant since
1975. Above average percentages of electric ranges are currently found
among:
• ~w single family homes (74.6%)
• Homes with high consumption (73.7%)
-49-
100
80 ,_
z
0 -~
1-~ 60 < lfll
1..11
0~ ·o
,_ ~ 40 z
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ll-4
20 -
0
63.5
1'7'7'
///
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~~~~ ::: ~
1971 1973
RANGES
%·OF SATURATION
(FOR ALL CUSTOMERS)
50.3 51.7
f777
/// 47.5 47.5 ///
/// ~ /// ~ /// /// ... . ..
/// ... /// . ..
/// . . . /// . .. . . .
/// ... /// ...
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1975 1977
YEAR
50.7
/// 48.6
/// 1""""1 j; ••• /// ...
/// . ..
///
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/// . ..
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/// :::-
1979
48.6 47.6 V77 r::: ///
/// ...
/// ...
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///
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/// ...
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///
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/// ... ...
/// ...
/// ...
/// . ~ :
1981
[;;;;;;~ ELECTRIC
(:;;;:1 NATURAL GAS
Microwave Ovens
S~turation of microwave ovens has increased five-fold since
1975. The highest levels of ownership are found among new single family
homes (three out of four), while considerably lower saturations (less
than 15%) are found among households with yearly incomes less than
$12,500, renters, and occupants of apartments and condos. It is expected
that the upward trend in microwave oven ownership will continue
particularly as more women join the workforce and as the per unit cost
declines. This market should be considered far from saturated.
-51-
z
0 -~
~
~
I til (J1
~ N
I 0 ~
~ u
~
~
~
MICROWAVE OVENS
% OF SATURATION
(FOR ALL CUSTOMERS)
100-p----------------------------------------------------------~
80-
60-
40-
20-15.5
28.8
34.5 ... .---.--.-.. . . . . . . . . . .......... ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .
·····---~ .......... . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ ' ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ ' ......... . 7.3 lo: lo: lo: lo: lo: lo: lo: lo: lo: I lo: lo: lo: lo :-: lo: lo: lo: lo: I 1o: 1o: 1o: 1o: 1o: 1o: 1o: lo: lo: lo . . . . . . . . . . . ........ ' . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . r
. . . ~I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · ............... .
I • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••• ' •••.•.••• I • • • • • • • • • • I 0 I I ····j···· ····j···· ····T···· ·····,····
1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981
YEAR
Refrigerators
T4e market for refrigerators has been fully saturated for a
number of years; nearly every customer owns at least one, while 6.8% own
more than one. Ownership of multiple refrigerators has decreased
dramatically over the past two years. This downward trend can be
attributed to the rising cost of energy and in turn the rising cost of
operating a refrigerator.
The trend over the past few years has been toward frost-free
appliances. Nearly seven out of every ten households has a refrigerator
with this feature. The lowest level of frost-free refrigerator ownership
occurs among apartment or condominium dwellers and households comprised
of young adults (19-24). Since most apartments come equipped with
refrigerators, it is not surprising to find lower ownership levels for
the higher-priced frost-free models.
-53-
z
0 -~
~
1 00 ___j 98. 6
80
;:J 60
.~ ~rl'l
·~ 0
~ 40 z
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~
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20
0 I W///,1 ,.,.d
1971 1973
REFRIGERATORS
% OF SATURATION
(FOR ALL CUSTOMERS)
99.7 99.7
1975 1977
YEAR
----~._ri'J,_ ~~~:~~IP
1::;::::::::1 FROST-FREE
~TOTAL
19?9 !981
Freezers
T~e market for freezers reached its highest level in 1971 with
over one-third of all households owning one. This figure has decreased
approximately 10 percentage points in the past ten years. This decrease
may be attributed to the rising cost of energy and in turn the increased
cost in operating a freezer.
Currently, slightly more than one in four famalies owns a
freezer. The mix of frost-free freezers is decreasing slowly, with less
than one-third having this feature.
The ratio of chest to upright-type freezers has not changed
significantly over time. Approximately half of the freezers are upright
models. The highest levels of freezer ownership are found among:
• New single family homes (33.4%)
• Homeowners (34%)
• Established families (38.5%)
• Households with 5 or more persons (39.2%)
• Households earning in excess of $40,000 per year (35%)
• Households with high consumption (41.7%)
-55-
z
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FREEZERS
% OF SATURATION
(FOR ALL CUSTOMERS)
100 1:::::::::::1 FROST-FREE
TOTAL
80-
60-
40-35.9
~::/ 31.4
////
20-
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'///. ,//// ///, 10. 7 //// 9 7 //// . /// 8 6 7. 0 //// /// . .
/,/// . . '/// . /:;~ ·:·:· ·:,::: ·:·:·: ·:·:·
,///; ·.·.· ,//// ·.·.·. /;// ·.·.· ///1' • • • //// • • • '/// •••
//// . . "/// . . . '/~·/ . . ///.-
//// ·.·.· '/// ·.·.·. , /, ... 0 /// . ••i
1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981
YEAR
Dishwashers
The percentage of households owning a dishwasher has increased
steadily over the past ten years. However, the percentage decreased
slightly in 1981 by 2.5%. This decrease can be attributed to the change
in sampling strategy in 1981, which included master-metered customers,
who are less likely to own a dishwasher.
In 1971 only one-third of all households owned a dishwasher; by
1981 this figure had grown to over 55%. Newer homes are particularly
likely to have a dishwasher, as are households who earn more than $40,000
per year. Within these groups approximately 90% own a dishwasher.
-57-
100
80
z
0 -~ 60 ~ I rll (J1
00
I ll.l
0
;5 40
z
ll.l u
~
ll.l
~ 20
0
1971 1973
DISHWASHERS
% OF SATURATION
(FOR ALL CUSTOMERS)
1975 1977
YEAR
1979 1981
Washing Machines
The saturation of in-home washing machines has remained nearly
constant over the past six years. As might be expected, new single
family homes are the most likely to have this type of appliance (92.6%)
while apartments or condominiums are the least likely (13.7%). In the
latter case, however, nearly three of four apartments or condominiums do
have access to a washing machine in a central-use facility. Similarly,
while less than one-fourth of all renters own a washing machine, 67.2%
~se one in a central facility. Demographic groups which are most likely
to own this appliance include:
• Households with five or more persons (88.5%)
• Households earning $40,000 or more per year (90.8%)
• Established families (88.0%)
• Single family owners (94.8%)
• Households with high consumption (89.8%)
-59-
-1.0
-.1 w
-1.0
-.1
til
~ m > ::c -1.0
-.1
-.1
-1.0
-.1
1.0
-1.0
00 -
0 N 0 -09-PERCENTAGE SATURATION
~
~
00 0 -0 0
,-.......
~ z
0:: ~ 0~> S:ocn tr1~:Z:
>cnz :g>o ~~s: ~c >~> z Cl
Cl~O:: tt'j~~ cnOz oZtr1 z en
~ ~
'-"
Clothes Dryers
0~ the average slightly more than eight of ten customers either
own a clothes dryer or have access to one through a centrally located
facility. Approximately one-third of all clothes dryers are electric and
individually owned. This saturation level has grown only modestly over
the past five or six years. The saturation of gas dryers is about the
same as that for electric dryers (29.4%) and similarly has grown only
modestly since 1975. Those custmers which are more likely to have a
higher propertion of electric in-home dryers are:
• New single family homes (51.8%)
• Townhomes (57.5%) and mobile homes (51.1%)
• Residences in the inland climate zone (82.8%)
• Households with high consumption (62.3%)
-61-
z
0 -~ ~
::J
E--4
I < ~ 00
I JJ,:I
~ ~ z
JJ,:I u
~
JJ,:I
~
100
80
60
40
20
I
CLOTHES DRYERS
% OF SATURATION
(IN HOME APPLIANCES ONLY)
65.8
0 I 1 1 1: I f44 .,. I J V<(1 " I <<I 1/(J
1971 1973 1975 1977 1979
YEAR
1981
F . ·····1 NAT GAS .·.·.·.·.·.·.·
.·.·.·.·.·.·.~ .
~ELECTRIC
~TOTAL
Space Heating
The relative saturation of natural gas and electric space
heaters has remained approximately the same over the past five or six
years; somewhat less than one in five homes is heated by electricity
while more than three in four use natural gas. However, these saturation
levels vary widely by residential type. Apartments or condomimiums have
a significantly higher incidence of electric space heating, 52.2%. At
the opposite end of the spectrum are mobile homes, 88.3% of which are
heated by natural gas.
-63-
z
0 -~
" ::::> ~ •en 0'\
~LI.J
I(!:)
< ~ z
LI.J u
" LI.J
Q..
SPACE HEATING
% OF SATURATION
(FOR ALL CUSTOMERS)
100 -NATURAL GAS
F'''~J ELECTRICITY
80 78.0 75.8 77.1
60
40
20
/' ,/ 0 ,,,
1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981
YEAR
Air Conditioner~k
The saturation of air conditioners has remained relatively
constant over the past five or six years. On the average 25% of all
households in the service territory have some type of air conditioning
system. Among mobile homes, however, this figure climbs to 60%.
Window-wall units are found predominantly among apartment or condominium
dwellers. Over 20% of all apartments have at least one window-wall unit.
On the other hand the highest saturations for electric central systems
are found in mobile homes (26.4%) and to a lesser extent in townhouses
and new single family homes (13.8% and 15.6%, respectively).
*See tables in Chapter 1 for complete breakdown of air conditioners by
type.
-65-
z
0 -~
~
I
0\ ~
0\
I rJ'J
u.l
~ ~ z
u.l u
~
u.l
~
WINDOW-WALL AIR CONDITIONERS
% OF SATURATION
(FOR ALL CUSTOMERS)
100,-------------------------------------~---------------
80-
60-
40-
20-
I
i' '
1::1
i
I
o I ,.
I I
1971 1973
12.7
l'i'i'l','i'l'i ~ I; < i : I :: : I :I : I
I: I IiI I I
1'1 I 1 'I
' 1 , i I I
't ~::.':1
I
1975
11.3
1'r'1'l~ 1
1
1 1 1 :1 :1 111 111'1
j!i:!:!·.:,lil: ,::1
1,' I, 1 1 1 1 t,1 1ii
i I ;•, ; ::::1: <
I
1977
YEAR
11.6
I fl~ll-,1-,-,,,11
,,,,',t,,,,,',''''''r
,,,,,,1,1,1,1,1,1,111
: I i I I I ~ I I ) I i ~ I ~ i ~ I ! I
i ' I ~ ! I I ! ; ~ : I I I I I I I I
I
1979
10.7
.. TI I 11TTI I''''''''''''',,,,,,,
I'''''''''''''''''''' ',',','''''''''''''' I : I I ~ I I I : I 1 I ~ I I I I 1 I I
I
1981
z
0 -~
·~
I < "' -..J fl.)
I ~
0 ~
~ u
~
~
Aot
ELECTRIC CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONERS
(INCLUDING HEAT PUMPS)
% OF SATURATION
(FOR ALL CUSTOMERS)
100,-------------------------------------~--------------
80-
60-
40-
20-
·.:::·-:: :.:::;:_---::. ~-:·-:: :.:::,::(.:
'\ I " It ,I \I,' ' I~ I " I"' I: 1o I.," " I: \ ',' \ .... , ' .... ' \ "','' .... , \ : '"",· \ '..,""' ',"'', .. 0 I I I 1 I 1 I I' 1, 1 I \
1
, \
8.5 8.5 10.4 11.7
~
1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981
YEAR
Water Heaters
The question of water heater type was changed in 1977 to
include central units as a separate entity. Consequently the data is
comparable for the last three survey periods only. On the average
approximately 10% of water heaters are electric while four out of five
in-home water heaters are gas fueled. As was the case in 1979, the only
characteristic which appears to correlate with the type of water heater
owned is age and type of home. Townhouses and apartments/condominiums
are much more likely to have an electric water heater (23.8% and 23.8%
respectively); while new single family homes have higher saturations of
solar water heating (15.3%, compared to the system average of 3.4%).
This higher saturation is due to a recent (the past 5 years) San Diego
County building code which requires solar water heating in all new
dwellings being built.
-68-
z
0 -~
:::>
~
If/)
~ll;j
It!)
< ~
ll;j u ~
ll;j c..
WATER HEATERS
% OF SATURATION
(IN HOME ONLY)
100 ~ ELECTRIC
79.8
80 76.5 74.1
60
40
20
0 I I I I rvvzt ;t::::::1 hoo-d,.-••. I t''-''-''1 ,· I •
1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981
YEAR
raooooo~ 00000 NATURAL
GAS
Swimming Pool Heaters-Gas
On a system-wide basis, 8.5% of all customers own a swimming
pool, while 19.6% have the use of one through a central facility. The
graphs on the next few pages refer to the saturation of gas pool heaters
among owners of private pools only. Almost one half of these pool owners
have a natural gas heater. Because of the 1980 County ordinance which
mandates that all newly installed pools with natural gas heaters have a
primary solar system, the saturation level of natural gas heaters has
decreased, while solar has increased.
-70-
~
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w
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"""" \o l''-':~ ~"" ~""'
~~~~
///
///
/// ~ ///
/// ~
///
///
1///
////
////
////
////
//// ?c ////
//// ~
////
~
~
////
////
//// ?c //// v. ////
////
~~~/
N Q I -IL-PERCENTAGE SATURATION ~ ~ I I 00 0 I -g
.,
0
~~en 0~~ .,~~
en<~ >~~ dtrjz ~co
>en~ ~trjO
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-u-PERCENTAGE SATURATION N 0 I
......
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-u-PERCENTAGE SATURATION 0 N 0 1 I I
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-
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00 0 I -0 0
CHAPTER 4
Saturations by Dwelling Type:
Home Information
(Percent)
New Multi-Famil}':
Single Single Duplex-Town-Apt. or Mobile
Familx Family Triplex house Condo Home
Home Ownership
Own 85.2 92.1 33.5 60.7 16.3 96.7
Rent/Lease 14.1 7.1 65.7 37.9 83.1 2.5
Other 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.8
Age of Home
1980 or later 0.0 100.0 2.4 3.9 3.3 2.5
1979 4.3 0.0 4.0 8.2 4.8 3.5
1975-1978 12.6 0.0 10.3 22.1 16.5 19.8
1970-1974 15.4 0.0 12.6 23.4 20.7 35.4
1960-1969 22.4 0.0 10.7 14.4 14.8 28.7
1950-1959 21.9 0.0 17.8 7.0 4.8 5.7
1940-1949 8.5 0.0 7.1 2.5 1.6 1.0
Before 1940 8.1 0.0 9.5 3.4 3.0 0.5
Don't Know 6.7 0.0 25.7 15.2 30.6 3.0
Number of Bedrooms
Studio 0.3 0.0 1.6 0.8 4.0 0.5
One 3.1 0.8 18.8 8.7 39.5 17.0
Two 23.1 13.5 59.2 44.5 48.1 71.5
·Three 47.2 37.3 16.3 36.0 7.4 9.5
Four 22.5 41.3 3.1 8.8 0.5 1.5
Five 3.2 7.1 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.0
Six or more 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0
Square Footage
Less than 300
sq. feet. 0.3 0.0 2.9 1.0 2.1 3.1
300-499 Sq. ft. 0.9 2.5 4.9 1.0 6.3 4.7
500-799 Sq. Ft. 2.4 0.0 12.1 4.0 14.7 15.4
~8o0-1099 sq. Ft. 9.8 1.6 18.0 13.9 18.0 12.2
1100-1299 Sq. Ft. 12.2 4.1 7.0 17.1 7.7 12.2
1300-1599 Sq. Ft. 17.3 10.7 6.5 16.5 4. 7 31.8
1600-1999 Sq. Ft. 19.7 22.1 5.5 10.7 2.0 5.2
2000-2399 Sq. Ft. 10.0 18.9 2.9 3.7 0.5 0.5
2400-2999 Sq. Ft. 6.7 23.0 0.6 2.4 0.1 0.5
3000 Sq. Ft.
or more 3.4 12.3 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.0
Not Sure 17.3 4.9 38.9 29.4 43.6 14.3
-74-
New Multi-Famil~
Single Single Duplex-Town-Apt. or Mobile
Famil1: . Family Triplex house Condo Home
Ceiling Insulation
None 27.0 3.7 50.0 31.4 52.9 20.5
Rll or less 1.2 2.8 1.6 0.8 0.9 0.7
R11 thru R18 2.8 3.7 0.3 1.3 0.5 1.4
R19 or greater 12.0 28.4 4.0 7.2 4.8 3.6
Don't Know 57.1 61.5 44.1 59.3 40.9 73.7
Wall Insulation
None 31.8 3.2 29.5 15.8 17.3 10.2
Yes 37.0 82.3 18.9 30.3 12.8 64.6
Don't Know 31.2 14.5 51.6 53.9 69.9 25.2
Years Lived in Residence
Less than 1 Year 8.0 41.3 19.5 18.9 27.7 8.7
1 to 5 Years 39.8 51.6 53.2 52.9 55.2 37.0
6 to 10 Years 19.3 2.4 13.2 16.9 12.6 33.9
11 to 15 Years 11.0 3.2 6.5 5.3 2.8 13.0
16 to 20 Years 7.7 0.8 3.3 2.3 0.9 5.3
21 to 30 Years 10.4 0.0 3.4 2.6 0.6 1.2
30 Years or more 3.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.3 1.0
-75-
Saturations by Dwelling Type:
Household Information
(Percent)
New Multi-Famill
Single Single Duplex-Town-Apt. or Mobile
Family Family Triplex house Condo Home
Number of Residents
One 10.9 5.0 26.6 22.9 39.8 29.8
Two 36.4 40.3 36.8 41.9 40.3 57.1
Three or Four 38.9 40.3 29.2 26.2 17.7 10.2
Five or Six 11.8 11.7 6.4 7.6 1.8 2.6
Seven or Eight 1.6 2.5 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.3
Nine or More 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0
Residents in Specific
Age Groups
5 or under 7.6 10.6 11.0 7.3 7.5 4.0
6-9 5.6 6.7 4.8 5.2 3.1 1.7
10-14 8.0 7.3 4.9 5.9 3.2 2.4
15-18 7.6 3.9 3.9 5.0 2.4 1.1
19-24 8.3 6.2 12.5 12.6 19.6 3.1
25-34 15.8 22.3 25.2 19.8 25.5 6.8
35-44 14.1 14.8 7.1 12.4 9.2 3.8
45-54 11.5 8.8 8.2 9.3 6.2 9.0
55-64 11.5 12.7 8.2 12.4 7.8 19.8
65 or Older 10.0 6.5 14.2 9.9 15.5 48.3
Residents Age
5 or Under
None 83.1 75.2 80.8 86.3 88.9 94.5
One 11.4 17.4 13.3 10.3 8.1 3.4
Two 4.9 5.8 4.6 2.4 2.7 1.8
Three 0.5 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.3
Four 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Residents Age 6-9
None 86.2 79.3 90.5 89.0 94.6 97.1
One 11.1 19.8 7.7 9.6 4.8 2.3
Two 2.5 0.8 1.6 1.1 0.7 0.5
Three 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0
Four 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Residents Age 10-14
None 82.3 84.2 91.7 88.4 95.1 96.9
One 12.4 10.0 5.3 8.8 3.6 1.8
Two 4.4 4.2 2.6 2.5 1.2 1.0
Three 0.7 1.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3
Four 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-76-
New Multi-Famil~
Single Single Duplex-Town-Apt. or Mobile
Familx Family Triplex house Condo Home
Residents Age 15-18
None 83.1 89.2 92.7 . 91.1 96.0 98.2
One 12.0 9.2 5.9 6.1 3.3 1.6
Two 3.9 1.7 1.0 2.4 0.6 0.3
Three 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0
Four 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Residents Age 19-24
None 81.9 87.5 80.0 78.9 74.4 95.1
One 12.7 8.3 11.9 13.5 14.7 3.9
Two 4.7 0.8 6.9 5.9 9.5 1.0
Three 0.5 3.3 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.0
Four 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0
Residents Age 25-34
None 69.5 55.8 59.8 66.0 62.7 91.2
One 14.7 17.5 21.2 19.4 25.0 4.4
Two 15.0 25.8 18.2 14.1 11.8 4.4
.Three 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0
Four 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0
Residents Age 35-44
None 70.8 69.4 86.5 76.8 85.2 94.0
One 16.2 14.0 10.3 16.1 11.8 4.4
Two 12.9 16.5 3.0 7.0 2.8 1.6
Three 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Four 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0
Residents Age 45-54
None 76.3 80.0 84.4 82.8 89.9 87.5
One 13.0 11.7 11.5 11.1 8.3 7.3
Two 10.6 8.3 4.0 6.1 1.8 5.2
Three 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Four 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Residents Age 55-64
None 75.9 77.0 85.3 78.7 88.0 72.4
One 13.8 9.8 10.1 12.1 8.9 16.8
Two 10.2 12.3 4.4 9.1 3.0 10.8
Three 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0
Four 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0
-77-
New Multi-Famill
Single Single Duplex-Town-Apt. or Mobile
Famill Family Triplex house Condo Home
Residents Age 65+
None 78.9 86.7 75.2 81.4 77.4 37.3
One 12.4 6.7 15.9 12.4 15.6 32.6
Two 8.6 5.8 8.7 6.2 6.8 29.3
Three 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.8
Four 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 1 0.0
Five to Nine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Educational Background
Head of Household
Elementary School 3.1 0.8 4.1 2.7 3.2 5.3
Some High School 5.8 2.5 8.8 6.7 5.9 12.4
High School Grad 17.8 l1.5 24.3 15.9 21.6 31.4
Trade or Tech 5.2 3.3 7.6 5.7 4.5 6.3
Some College 20.8 19.7 23.1 21.5 22.8 22.4
2 Yr Coll. Grad 11.2 8.2 7.8 11.0 9.5 6.3
4 Yr Coll. Grad
or above 36.1 54.1 24.3 36.6 32.5 15.8
Total Annual
Household Income
Less than $2,499 1.2 0.0 5.4 1.6 4.2 2.5
$2,500-$4,999 2.6 0.0 6.9 3.4 7.7 7.3
$5,000-$7,499 3.9 2.2 l1.5 6.3 10.9 12.9
$7,500-$9,999 5.0 2.2 8.1 5.0 9.8 9.5
$10,000-$12,499 6.8 3.3 13.8 8.3 11.6 18.0
$12,500-$14,999 5.0 2.2 9.6 9.5 9.8 9.1
$15,000-$19,999 12.2 5.4 17.0 12.3 14.6 13.6
$20,000-$24,999 14.2 8.7 9.8 14.9 12.8 10.4
$25,000-$29,999 11.9 7.6 4.2 10.1 6.5 6.3
$30,000-$34,999 11.3 9.8 5.2 8.3 3.5 3.2
$35,000-$39,999 7.1 13.0 2.7 5.1 3.2 2.5
$40,000-$44,999 5.3 7.6 1.2 5.3 1.6 1.6
$45,000-$49,999 3.0 12.0 1.7 2.2 0.8 0.3
$50,000 or more 10.3 26.1 2.9 7.7 3.2 2.8
-78-
Saturations by Dwelling Type:
Space Conditioning
(Percent)
New Multi-Famill
Single Single Duplex-Town-Apt. or Mobile
Family Family Triplex house Condo Home
Space Heating Fuel
Electricity 8.1 12.8 10.5 30.8 52.2 2.0
Natural Gas 86.4 76.1 86.0 66.3 43.5 88.3
Bottled Gas 2.5 6.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 8.1
Solar System 0.1 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0
Other 2.1 1.8 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.6
Don't Know 0.7 1.7 1.9 2.2 3.8 1.1
Space Heating System
Electric Forced
Air 2.0 2.7 2.0 7.7 3.9 0.9
Electric Floor,
Ceil 4.4 4.5 7.0 19.5 41.2 0.6
Electric Heat Pump 3.1 7.3 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9
Gas Forced Air 52.4 69.1 24.4 39.6 10.6 59.2
Gas Wall, Floor 31.7 9.1 54.5 22.9 29.0 31.4
Other 3.5 3.6 2.6 2.3 3.4 2.1
None 2.8 1.8 7.2 4.9 5.7 4.2
_ Don't Know 1.1 1.8 1.6 2.2 5.2 1.2
Additional Electric
Heaters
None 89.4 92.2 91.1 92.1 94.1 85.3
One 8.7 7.9 7.3 6.7 5.4 13.5
Two 1.4 0.0 1.3 1.0 0.4 1.2
Three or More 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0
Air Conditioning
System
Electric Central 9.0 15.6 3.8 13.8 10.5 26.4
Window, Wall 10.1 1.6 8.6 6.0 19.7 7.6
Heat Pump 1.8 9.0 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.5
Evaporative 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.4 21.7
Gas Central 1.9 3.3 0.6 2.1 0.5 2.1
Other 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.8
None 75.3" 68.9 85.9 77.1 67.0 38.9
Don't Know 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.0
Number of Window,
Wall Air Conditioners
One 9.0 2.4 8.0 5.4 20.6 9.4
Two 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5
Three or More 1'\ .., " " " I 0.7 0.2 0.2 V • .) v.u U.'+
-79-
Saturations by Dwelling Type:
Appliances
(Percent)
New Multi-Famil}':
Single Single Duplex-Town-Apt. or Mobile
Famil,I': Famil}': Triplex house Condo Home
Television
None 1.3 1.6 2.7 2.4 3.2 1.2
B&W Only 6.5 3.2 15.4 8.8 19.9 5.0
Color Only 69.2 73.0 68.6 70.5 67.2 80.4
Both 23.0 22.2 13.3 18.2 9.7 13.4
Number of B&W
Televisions
One 25.9 23.0 27.6 24.5 28.0 16.6
Two 3.2 2.4 1.2 2.3 1.4 1.0
Three 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.7
Four or More 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0
Total* 33.7 27.8 30.0 30.5 32.2 20.7
Number of Color
Televisions
One 65.5 61.9 70.8 69.0 69.5 75.4
Two 23.6 27.0 10.7 17.1 6.5 17.0
Three 2.8 6.3 0.2 2.4 0.8 1.5
Four or More 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0
Total* 122.7 134.8 93.6 110.6 85.3 116.8
Type of Cooking
Range
None 0.4 0.8 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.0
Electric 46.3 74.6 25.8 62.3 65.6 10.4
Natural Gas 50.0 21.4 70.0 34.8 32.5 78.7
Bottled Gas 1.3 2.4 0.6 0.9 0.1 8.7
Other 1.9 0.8 1.9 1.4 1.2 2.2
Microwave Oven 43.2 76.2 20.5 31.6 14.2 26.2
Type of Refrigerator
None 1.4 0.8 6.4 4.0 4.1 1.5
Manual Defrost 14.1 7.4 30.8 19.8 48.3 29.4
Frost-Free 74.8 85.1 58.3 72.9 46.6 63 .. 7
Both Manual &
Frost Free 9.6 6.6 4.5 3.2 1.1 5.5
Number of Frost-Free
Refrigerators
One 78.2 77.4 60.8 74.1 47.4 64.9
Two 6.5 14.5 2.1 3.2 0.6 4.9
Three or More 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0
Total* 92.1 106.4 65.6 81.1 48.6 74.7
*Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
-80-
New Multi-Famil~
Single Single Duplex-Town-Apt. or Mobile
Family Family Triplex house Condo Home
Type of Freezer
Upright-Manual
Defrost 16.4 19.2 7.9 7.4 3.8 12.1
Upright-Frost-Free 8.6 10.0 5.2 4.8 3.5 7.4
Chest 7.3 4.2 3.1 4.5 2.5 9.3
Dishwasher 60.8 89.7 30.6 65.7 44.6 45.2
Washing Machine
Private Use 90.9 92.6 50.3 67.8 13.7 55.3
Multi-Residence 0.8 0.8 20.2 19.9 76.7 39.0
Type of Clothes Dryer
Electric 38.2 46.0 19.4 36.9 12.6 28.7
Natural Gas 40.4 39.7 19.0 25.3 5.3 22.8
Bottled Gas 0.9 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.9
Central Location 0.8 1.6 18.0 20.6 69.7 36.6
Don't Know 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.9 1.6 1.4
Type of Water Heater
Electric 8.9 5.9 8.0 23.8 23.8 5.2
Natural Gas 82.7 68.6 86.2 70.1 53.0 86.4
Bottled Gas 1.9 5.1 0.7 0.6 0.4 6.5
Solar System 4.7 15.3 1.2 1.5 0.4 0.8
Central Location 0.2 0.0 1.4 1.5 18.0 0.0
Other 0.7 3.4 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.5
Don't Know 0.9 1.7 2.2 2.0 3.8 0.5
Swimming Pool
Private Use 12.7 10.7 NA NA NA NA
Multi-Residence 1.8 2.5 10.8 50.2 51.0 65.2
Swimming Pool Heaters
(Among Swimming Pool Owners)
None 44.1 30.8 62.5 32.0 14.8 14.3
Natural Gas 21.6 38.5 0.0 32.0 14.8 28.6
Solar Heat 20.2 23.1 12.5 8.0 7.4 0.0
Solar Blanket 9.1 7.1 12.5 2.6 1.4 7.4
Other 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Don't Know 0.7 0.0 0.0 23.1 31.0 22.2
Jacuzzi* 11.0 23.8 8.3 30.9 27.6 39.0
*Includes Central Use Facilities
-81-
CHAPTER 5
Selected Demographic Characteristics and
Appliance Saturations for the Owner/Renter Market
Single Single Multi- Multi-
Family Family Family Family
Owners Renters Owners Renters
Annual Household Income
Less than $2,499 1.1 2.1 2.4 4.5
$2,500 -$4,999 2.0 5.5 1.9 8.4
$5,000-$7,499 2.7 10.5 3.5 IZ.5
$7,500-$9,999 4.2 9.7 4.6 10. 1
$10,000 -$12,499 6.5 8.8 6.3 13.3
$12,500 -$14,999 4.4 7.8 . 7. 1 10.7
$15,000 -$19,999 11.2 17.0 13.2 IS. 1
$20,000 -$24,999 13.7 16.0 15.7 11.6
$25,000 -$29,999 12.2 9.4 10.6 5.2
$30,000 -$34,999 12.4 4.2 8.7 3.2
$35,000 -$39,999 7.9 3.8 7.6 1.9
$40,000 -$44,999 6.0 1.7 4.6 1.5
$45,000 -$49,999 3.6 1.1 2.5 0.8
$50,000 or more 12.1 2.3 11.5 1.2
Number of Residents
One 10.1 14.8 28.2 35.7
Two 37.8 29.3 45.7 37.7
Three or Four 38.5 40.7 19.3 22.8
Five or Six 11.5 13.4 5.8 3.1
Seven or Eight 1.7 1.3 0.6 0.4
Nine or More 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.2
Residents in Specific
Age Groups
5 or Under 7.3 10.4 4.8 9.6
6-9 5.5 7.4 3.7 4.2
10-14 7.8 9.1 4.5 4.2
15-18 7.6 7.1 4.3 3.0
19-24 7.2 13.1 9.2 19.6
25-34 14.4 25.5 16.1 27.6
35-44 14.4 11.6 12.3 8.5
45-54 12.3 6.3 10.8 5.9
55-64 12.7 5.0 15.9 5.9
65 and Older 10.8 4.5 18.3 11.6
Year Home Was Built
1980 or Later 2.9 1.4 6.1 2.1
1979 4.6 2.3 9.8 3.5
1975-1978 13.3 6.6 22.3 14.2
1970-1974 15.8 10.1 28.8 16.2
1960-1969 23.1 13.3 . 14.-s 13.8
1950-1959 22.4 16.4 8.0 7.5
1940-1949 7.7 12.1 2.2 3.2
Before 1940 7.1 11.9 3.6 4.3
Not Sure 3.2 25.9 4.7 35.4
-82-
Single Single Multi-Multi-
Family Family Family l<'amjly
Owners Renters Owners Renters --------------
Number of Bedrooms
Studio 0.1 0.9 0.5 3.7
One 1.4 12.9 8.3 36.9
Two 20.0 40.2 48.3 50.0
Three 49.3 33.4 33.3 8.2
Four 24.9 11.4 8.4 0.6
Five 3.7 1.1 1.1 0. 1
Six or More 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.4
Square Footage
Less than 300 Sq Ft. 0.2 1.7 0.1 2.8
300-499 Sq. Ft. 0.4 3.6 0.8 6.5
500-799 Sq. Ft. 1.4 7.4 4.6 14.5
800-1099 Sq. Ft. 8.7 15.3 21.2 15.4
1100-1299 Sq. Ft. 12.1 11.0 18.3 6.0
1300-1599 Sq. Ft. 18.4 9.6 18.5 3.0
1600-1999 Sq. Ft. 21.7 7.4 12.2 1.6
2000-2399 Sq. Ft. 11.6 2.7 4.6 0.4
2400-2999 Sq. Ft. 8.1 0.9 2.3 0.1
3000 Sq. Ft. or more 4.1 0.9 0.9 0.2
Not Sure 13.2 13.2 16.6 49.6
Ceiling Insulation
None 21.9 59.5 24.0 63.6
Less than R-11 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.6
R-11 thru R-18 3.1 0.3 1.4 0.2
R-19 or Greater 13.6 3.0 8.7 1.7
Don't Know 60.2 36.3 64.9 33.9
Wall Insulation
Yes 42.3 13.3 38.9 9.0
No 31.4 28.5 19.1 18.9
Not Sure 26.2 58.2 42.0 72.1
Space Heating Fuel
Electricity 8.5 6.3 31.2 41.9
Natural Gas 85.9 88.3 66.6 53.8
~ Bottled Gas 2.8 1.7 0.0 0. 1
Solar System 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1
Other 2.3 2.1 0.9 0.4
Don't Know 0.6 1.6 1.3 3.7
Type of Heating System
Electric Forced Air 2.2 1.0 6.0 3.7
Electric Floor, Ceil 4.1 6.0 19.5 33.4
Electric Heat Pump 2.6 0.3 1.7 0.5
Gas Forced Air 56.5 29.4 42-.8 10.8
Gas Wall, Floor 27.6 53.4 19.2 38.5
Other 3.4 3.6 4.3 2.5
None 2.6 4.0 4.5 6.2
Don't Know 1.0 2.2 2.1 4.3
-83-
Single Single Multi-Multi-
Family Family Family Family
Owners Renters Owners Renters -------
Type of Air Conditioning
System
Electric Central 10.2 3.0 16.3 7.J
Electric Window, Wall 10.4 7.2 7.4 17. L•
E lectr(c lit~ at Pump 2.4 0.0 1.2 0 ') . ~
Evaporative Unit 1.1 1.7 O.J O.'l
Gas Central 2. 1 0.8 2.2 O.l
Don't Know 0.7 0.0 0.4 O.H
None 73.1 87.2 72.4 73.:>
Black and White TV
None 71.4 65.6 77.3 68.7
One 24.9 30.9 21.2 29.4
Two 3.2 3.2 1.2 1.7
Three or t-lore 0.5 0.3 o·.2 0.4
Total"' 32.8 38.2 24.2 34.0
Color TV
None 6.1 16.4 7.2 24.5
One 64.7 70.3 67.9 70.5
Two 25.7 11.3 22.2 4.5
Three or ~lore 3.4 2.0 2.7 0.5
Total* 126.3 93.5 120.4 81.0
Type of Cooking Range
None 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.9
Electric 50.3 27.9 67.1 53.4
Natural Gas 46.2 67.7 30.3 44.1
Bottled Gas 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.3
Other 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.4
Microwave Oven 47.7 22.9 35.4 13. 1
Type of Refrigerator
None 1.1 2.7 3.0 4.8
Manual Defrost 11.0 31.0 11. 1 50.4
Frost-Free 77.3 62.4 80.8 44.0
Both Manual & Frost-Free 10.6 3.9 5.1 0.8
Fceezer Ownership 34.0 ll.5 18.1 9.0
Frost-Free Freezer 9.1 2. 1 5.7 3.1
Dishwasher 66.3 32.0 74.2 35.6
Washing Machine
Private Use 94.8 66.9 72.9 16.3
Multi-residence Use 0.4 3.9 18.9 67.2
*Number of Appliances per 100 Customers
-84-
Single Single Multi~ Multi-
Family Family Family Family
Owners Renters Owners Renters ----
Clothes Dryer
Electric Private Use 40.6 24.9 40.1 10.7
Natural Gas-Private Use 43.1 24.4 28.0 6.2
Bottled Gas-Private Use 1.0 0.6 0.4 0. 1
Central-Location 0.5 3.0 18.4 61.8
Not Sure 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.4
Type of Water Heater
Electric 8.9 8.8 20.7 17.7
Natural Gas 81.7 86.2 71.1 67.8
Bottled Gas 2.0 1.4 0.6 0.5
Solar System 5.7 0.5 1.9 0.0
Central System 0.2 0.2 3.2 10.1
Other 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.3
Don't Know 0.7 2.2 1.7 3.7
Swimming Pool
Private 14.3 2.9 3.8 1.6
Central 1.7 2.3 48.1 41.8
Jacuzzi;\-12.8 2.2 36.6 19.8
*Includes Central-Use Facilities.
-85-
CHAPTER 6
Selected Demographic Characteristics and
Appliance Saturations for One Person and
Five Person or Larger Households
Dwelling Type
Single Family
Townhouse or Row House
Duplex-Triplex
Low Rise Apt. or Condo
High Rise Apt. or Condo
Mobile Home
Home Ownership
Own
Rent
Other
Age of Home
1980 or Later
1979
1975-1978
1970-1974
1960-1969
1950-1959
1940-1949
Before 1940
Not Sure
Number of Bedrooms
Studio
One
Two
Three
Four
Five or More
Square Footage
Less than 300 Sq. Ft.
300-499
500-799
800-1099
1100-1299
1300-1599
1600-1999
2000-2399
2400-2999
3000 Sq. Ft or More
Not Sure
-86-
One Person
33.4
9.6
8.9
37.2
2.1
7.7
49.0
50.3
0.7
2.5
3.1
10.8
15.9
17.5
12.1
7.3
8.4
22.3
4.3
37.5
39.9
15.5
2.2
0.7
2.5
6.1
13.6
17.2
8.2
8.6
4.5
1.6
19.1
11.7
36.1
Five Person
Or Larger
82.2
7.3
4. 7.
4.4
0.0
1.4
77.0
22.0
1.0
2.3
6.2
13.6
20.4
23.7
14.3
3.8
4.1
11.5
0.1
1.0
10.0
35.2
40.9
12.8
0.4
0.7
1.7
5.0
7.1
11.6
17.4
13.7
9.5
7.0
25.9
Selected Demographic Characteristics and
Appliance Saturations for One Person Households
And Five person or Larger Households
One Person
Annual Household Income
Less thim $2,499 3.9
$2,500-$4,999 12.2
$5,000-$7,499 14.5
$7,500-$9,999 10. 1
$10,000-$12,499 12.1
$12,500-$14,999 7.6
$15,000-$19,999 12.7
$20,000-$24,999 10.9
$25,000-$29,999 5.4
$30,000-$34,999 3.8
$35,000-$39,999 2.2
$40,000-$44,999 1.5
$45,000-$49,999 0.7
$50,000 or more 2.3
Residents in Specific Age Groups
5 or Under 0.4
6-9 0.3
10-14 0.6
15-18 0.4
19-24 5.4
25-34 19.8
35-44 11.0
45-54 10.2
55-64 14.9
65 or Older 37.0
Ceiling Insulation
None 47.9
Less than R-11 0.4
R-11 thru R-18 0.6
R-19 or Greater 5.5
Don't Know 45.6
Wall Insulation
Yes 18.5
No 25.7
Not Sure 55.8
-87-
Five Person
Or Larg_Pr
2.2
1.1
4.1
4.4
5.4
6.5
11.7
14. 1
12.2
12.5
6.2
4.7
2.8
12.2
11.8
10.8
14.6
13.7
10.8
11.5
14.7
8.7
2.6
1.6
24.1
1.5
2.1
13.2
59.2
42.3
23.4
34.4
Type of Heating System
Electric Forced Air
Electric Floor Ceiling
Electric Heat Pump
Gas Forced Air
Gas Wall, Floor
Other
None
Don't Know
Type of Air Conditioning System
Electric Central
Electric Window, Wall
Electric Heat Pump
Evaporative Unit
Gas Central
Don't Know
None
Other
Black and White T.V.
None
One
Two or More
. Total~"
Color T.V.
None
One
Two or More
Total -I•
Type of Cooking Range
Electric
Na-tu-r-a-l tra-s-
Bottled Gas
Other
Microwave Oven
Type of Refrigerator
None
Manual Defrost
Frost Free
Both Manual & Frost Free
;':Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
-88-
One Person
2.5
20.2
1.0
23.8
41.0
3.0
5.7
2.8
9.0
12.9
0.9
2.4
0.9
0.6
73.1
0.1
74.9
24.3
0.8
21.2
71.8
6.9
85.6
46.4
~
1.3
1.9
16.9
4.8
39.5
53.3
2.4
Five Person
Or Larger
2.4
5.6
2.6
51.6
28.7
4. 1
2.6
2.4
9.4
7. 1
1.7
1.7
1.3
0.5
77.9
0.3
62.5
31.4
6.1
7.5
63.0
29.4
121.8
46.6
49.7
0.6
2.5
45.8
2.8
14.0
74.6
8.5
Frost-Free Refrigerators
One
Two
Three or more
Total;~
Freezer
Frost-Free Freezer
Dishwasher
Washing Machine
Private Use
Multi-Residence Use
Clothes Dryer
Electric-Private Use
Natural Gas-Private Use
Bottled Gas-Private Use
Multi-Residence Use
Not Sure
Type of Water Heater
Electric
Natural Gas
Bottled Gas
Solar System
Central System
Don't Know
Other
Swimming Pool
Private
Central
Jacuzzi**
*Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
;h~Includes Central Use Facilities
-89-
One Person
54.5
1.3
0.1
57.4
12.1
3.7
35.5
39.6
42.3
18.0
13.8
0.6
39.6
1.3
7.5
5.5
0.7
0.7
32.6
3.0
0.2
2.2
32.7
19.0
Five Person
Or Larger
76.6
6.9
0.1
90.7
39.2
10.4
64.2
88.5
4.7
35.8
42.0
0.5
4.4
0.5
10.0
77.6
1.2
5.6
3.8
0.9
0.8
15.2
4.6
14.2
CHAPTER 7
Selected Demographic Characteristics and
Appliance Saturations for Low and High
Income Households
Dwelling Type
Single Family
Townhouse
Duplex-Triplex
Low Rise Apt. or Condo
High Rise Apt. or Condo
Mobile Home
Home Ownership
Own
Rent
Other
Age of Home
1980 or Later
1979
1975-1978
1970-1974
1960-1969
1950-1959
1940-1949
Before 1940
Not Sure
Number of Bedrooms
Studio
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six or More
Square Footage
Less than 300 Sq. Ft.
300-499 Sq. Ft.
500-799 Sq. Ft.
800-1099 Sq. Ft.
1100-1299 Sq. Ft.
1300-1599 Sq. Ft.
1600-1999 Sq. Ft.
2000-2399 Sq. Ft.
2400-2999 Sq. Ft.
3000 Sq. Ft. or more
Not Sure
-90-
Less Than
$12,500
40.6
7.2
10.8
30.9
1.3
9.2
44.6
54.6
0.8
1.5
1.8
8.4
13.8
17.2
14.5
8.3
9.6
25.0
2.6
26.0
47.9
18.6
4.5
0.3
0.2
2.8
5.4
11.0
13.8
8.1
8.5
3.5
1.0
0.7
0.3
44.9
$40,000 or
More
78.8
8.8
2.7
6.9
1.1
1.7
90.5
9.1
0.3
6.4
7.8
20.9
19.6
22.4
12.7
3.0
4.3
2.8
0.1
2.0
19.5
39.7
31.3
5.7
1.7
0.0
0.3
1.5
4.8
6.8
13.0
23.9
18.1
15.5
11.0
5.1
Less Than $40,000 or
$12 1 500 More
Number of Residents
One 37.6 6.3
Two 34.6 41.5
Three or Four 21.3 37.9
Five or Six 4.8 11.7
Seven or Eight 1.0 2.1
Nine or More 0.5 0.5
Residents in Specific Age Groups
5 or Under 9.0 5.9
6-9 5.0 3.9
'10-14 5.1 7.4
15-18 4.4 8.1
19-24 13.3 8.9
25-34 16.1 14.0
35-44 6.1 17.2
45-54 5.8 14.8
55-64 10.9 14.0
65 or Older 24.4 5.8
Ceiling Insulation
None 49.8 17.2
Less than R-1L 1.0 0.8
R-11 thru R-18 0.9 3.8
R-19 or Greater 5.3 13.5
Don't Know 42.9 64.6
Wall Insulation
Yes 18.3 49.5
No 31.7 17.8
Not Sure 49.9 32.7
Space Heating Fuel
Electricity 17.6 15.9
Natural Gas 76.4 78.6
Bottled Gas 1.3 3.4
Solar System 0.1 0.4
Other 1.7 0.9
~Don't Know 2.9 0.7
-91-
Type of Heating System
Electric Forced Air
Electric Floor, Ceiling
Electric Heat Pump
Gas Forced Air
Gas Wali, Floor
Other
None
Don't Know
Type of Air Conditioning System
Electric Central
Electric Window, Wall
Electric Heat Pump
Evaporative Unit
Gas Central
Don't Know
None
Other
Black and White T.V.
None
One
Two or More
Total*
Color T.V.
None
One
Two or More
Total*
Type of Cooking Range
Electric
Natural Gas
Bottled Gas
Other
Microwave Oven
Type of Refrigerator
None
Manual Defrost
Frost-Free
Both Manual & Frost-Free
Frost-Free Refrigerators
One
Two
Three or More
Total'l'~
*Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
-92-
Less Than
$12,500
1.5
14.6
0.5
22.3
48.1
3.6
6.3
3.1
6.3
13.3
0.3
3.0
0.9
0.6
75.5
0.1
66.9
31.0
2.1
35.2
21.7
68.6
9.7
88.0
34.0
60.7
2.0
2.4
13.6
5.1
38.5
51.6
4.8
54.7
2.2
0.0
59.1
$40,000 or
More
3.8
7.5
4.4
66.7
12.5
2.1
1.4
1.6
16.0
4.9
3.8
0.9
2.7
0.7
70.5
0.5
72.6
24.2
3.2
30.6
3.3
54.3
42.4
139.1
69.7
26.9
0.8
2.2
59.0
0.9
8.3
81.0
9.8
79.6
11.5
0.3
103.5
Less Than $40,000 or
$121500 More
Freezer 19.0 35.2
Frost Free Freezer 4.9 10.0
Dishwasher 25.4 88.9
Washing Machine
Private Use 45.9 90.8
Multi-Residence Use 37.5 6.5
Clothes Dryer
Electric-Private Use 23.7 43.7
Natural Gas -Private Use 21.9 35.6
Bottled Gas -Private Use 0.7 1.3
Multi-Residence Use 28.4 9.6
Type of Water Heater
Electric 9.3 9.6
Natural Gas 62.8 69.5
Bottled Gas 1.8 2.1
Solar System 1.6 6.7
Central System 21.3 9.6
Don't Know 2.3 1.7
Other 0.4 0.7
Swimming Pool
Private 2.6 20.3
Central 22.9 16.3
Jacuzzi* 12.0 32.7
*Includes Central Use Facilities
-93-
CHAPTER 8
Selected Demographic Characteristics and
Appliance Saturations by Family Type
Estab-Estab-
Young Young lished lished Senior
Adults Families Adults Families Citizens
(266) (951) (2396) (1608) (1502)
Dwelling Type
Single Family 19.2 59.8 53.8 81.9 50.3
Townhouse 11.3 8.3 10.2 6.8 6.4
Duplex-Triplex 7.2 10.7 6.9 3.1 7.3
Low-Rise Apt or
Condo 61.1 19.6 24.1 7.1 18.9
High-Rise Apt.
or Condo 0.4 0.1 0.8 0.1 1.9
Mobile Home 0.8 1.5 4.2 1.1 IS .2
Home Ownership
Own 13.6 49.0 64.8 81.9 75.4
Rent 85.6 49.9 34.6 17.6 24.0
Other 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.6
Age of Home
1980 or Later 4.5 2.4 3.4 2.4 1.6
1979 4.5 6.5 5.2 5.3 1.7
1975-1978 17.3 16.8 14.7 15.5 10.3
1970-1974 12.8 16.8 16.7 19.0 19.8
1960-1969 11.3 14.7 19.0 22.8 20.7
1950-1959 11.3 13.6 16.6 16.9 16.6
1940-1949 3.4 5.7 s.s 4.8 9.3
Before 1940 4.1 4.1 6.2 4.5 9.4
Not Sure 30.8 19.3 12.8 8.8 10.6
Number of Bedrooms
Studio 3.8 0.2 1.7 0.3 1.7
One 41.7 5.7 17.7 1.8 17.3
Two 36.1 39.2 36.6 15.7 52.8
Three 13.9 39.8 34.2 42.6 23.7
Four 3.8 14.2 8.9 32.5 4.1
Five 0.0 0.9 0.9 6.2 0.2
Six or More 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.1
Square Footage
Less than 300
Sq. Ft. 4.2 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.5
300-499 Sq. Ft. 8.1 1.5 3.6 0.8 2.1
500-799 Sq. Ft. 11.6 4.7 8.1 2.1 8.4
800-1099 Sq. Ft. . 10.8 12.9 14.5 5.8 17.5
1100-1299 Sq. Ft. 8.5 13.1 12.8 8.7 12.2
1300-1599 Sq. Ft. 5.8 14.7 15.0 14.3 16.4
1600-1999 Sq. Ft. 3.9 12.5 12.8 20.4 9.7
2000-2399 Sq. Ft. 1.5 3.3 6.3 13.8 2.8
2400-2999 Sq. Ft. 0.8 3.0 3.3 9.6 2.6
3000 Sq. Ft or
More 0.8 0.7 2.0 4. 7 1.1
Not Sure 44.0 32.6 20.4 19.4 25.8
-94-
Estab-Estab-
Young Young lished lished Senior
Adults Families Adults Families Citizens
(266) (951) (2396) (1608) (1502)
Annual Household Income
Less than $2,499 6.5 2.4 1.3 1.4 2.8
$2,500-$4,999 4.2 4.3 2.7 1.1 10.1
$5,000-$7,499 11.7 6.8 4.6 3.2 14.3
$7,500-$9,999 11.7 6.6 5.0 3.5 12.4
$10,000-$12,499 10.3 11.0 7.5 4.9 15.5
$12,500-$14,999 11.0 5.9 7.2 5.5 7. 1
$15,000-$19,999 15.9 15.7 13.5 10.3 11.7
$20,000-$24,999 13.6 16.9 14.6 13.2 7.8
$25,000-$29,999 3.7 11.6 10.1 12.5 5.6
$30,000-$34,999 2.3 8.9 8.6 13.2 3.8
$35,000-$39,999 3.3 4.0 7.0 8.8 2.0
$40,000-$44,999 0.5 2.2 5.1 6.2 1.8
$45,000-$49,999 0.9 1.0 3.1 3.6 0.7
$50,000 or More 1.4 2.6 9.7 12.4 4.3
Number of Residents
One 28.4 0.3 34.6 0.1 37.2
Two 57.2 8.3 60.6 10.2 60.0
Three or Four 12.9 77.0 4.5 63.8 2.7
Five or Six 1.5 13.1 0.1 21.6 0.0
Seven or Eight 0.0 1.1 0.0 2.9 0.0
Nine or More 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0
Space Heating Fuel
Electricity 37.7 18.3 21.8 11.9 15.2
Natural Gas 53.3 75.5 73.9 82.3 80.2
Bottled Gas 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.8 2.6
Solar System 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2
Other 0.5 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.0
Don't Know 7.1 2.6 0.8 1.2 0.9
Type of Heating System
Electric Forced
Air 3.8 4.2 3.0 2.8 1.6
Electric Floor,
Ceiling 30.8 12.7 15.7 7.1 10.6
~ Electric Heat
Pump 0.5 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.4
Gas Forced Air 14.2 37.3 39.2 57.1 37.8
Gas Wall, Floor 36.5 36.0 31.7 24.6 38.2
Other 1.4 3.3 3.0 2.8 3.3
None 5.7 2.1 3.9 2.5 5.2
Don't Know 7.1 2.7 2.0 1.4 0.9
-95-
Estab-Estab-
Young Young lished lished Senior
Adults Families Adults Families Citizens
(266) (951) (2396) (1608) (1502)
Type of Air Conditioning
Electric Central 8.5 5.9 10.5 10.0 13.8
Electric Window,
Wall -19.1 10.7 11.5 9.6 12.7
Electric Heat
Pump 0.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 2.2
Evaporative Unit 0.8 1.3 1.8 1.3 4.0
Gas Central 0.0 1.2 1.5 2.2 2.0
Don't Know 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.6
None 70.7 78.6 72.9 74.6 64.4
Other 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.5
Ceiling Insulation
None 52.5 35.5 29.9 23.1 31.8
Less than R-11 0.0 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.9
R-11 thru R-18 2.0 2.1 2.1 3.0 1.8
R-19 or Greater 6.1 10.9 11.4 12.8 7.9
Don't Know 39.4 50.2 55.6 59.6 57.5
Wall Insulation
Yes 14.0 27.7 30.9 41.7 33.1
No 15.5 22.6 24.6 24.4 32.8
Don't Know 70.6 49.6 44.5 33.9 34.1
Black and White T.V.
None 58.2 69.7 76.7 61.5 77.8
One 38.7 28.3 21.8 32.5 20.9
Two or More 3.1 2.0 1.6 5.9 1.3
Total;\-k 44.9 32.3 25.0 44.3 23.5
Color T.V.
None 39.7 13.6 12.7 6.0 9.6
One 55.3 74.6 69.8 62.7 70.7
Two or More 5.0 11.9 17.4 31.4 19.7
Total** 65.3 98.4 104.6 125.5 110.1
Type of Cooking Range
Electric 53.8 40.7 51.4 51.7 47.5
Natural Gas 42.7 55.5 44.9 44.5 49.1
Bottled Gas 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.9
Other 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.2 1.2
Microwave Oven 16.5 35.5 36.4 48.3 18.7
**Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
-96-
Young Young
Adults Families
(266) (951)
Type of Refrigerator
None 2.7 2.7
Manual Defrost 48.2 25.9
Frost-Free 48.6 68.9
Both Manual &
Frost-Free 0.4 2.5
Frost-Free Refrigerators
One 49.0 69.7
Two 0.8 2.3
Three or More 0.0 0.0
Total* 50.6 74.3
Freezer 8.3 18.1
Frost-Free Freezer 3.4 4.7
Dishwasher 44.0 49.3
Washing Machine
Private Use 17.4 70.3
Multi-Residence 64.2 21.1
Clothes-Dryer
Electric-Private
Use 9.3 29.8
Natural Gas-
Private Use 8.1 31.4
Bottled Gas-
Private Use 0.0 0.7
Multi-Residence 63.0 20.8
Type of Water Heater
Electric 5.3 10.2
Natural Gas 35.0 64.5
Bottled Gas 0.4 1.9
Solar System 0.8 2.3
Central System 54.9 17.4
Don't Know 3.2 2.7
Other 0.4 0.7
Swimming Pool
Private 3.0 6.7
Central 46.4 15.2
Jacuzzi** 22.5 10.3
*Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
**Includes Central-Use Facilities
-97-
Estab-Estab-
lished lished Senior
Adults Families Citizens
(2396) (1608) (1502)
2.0 1.2 3.5
25.9 13.9 23.6
65.2 75.6 65.6
6.9 9.2 7.4
68.0 78.1 69.0
4.2 7.4 4.3
0.2 0.1 0.3
77.0 93.2 78.5
22.0 38.5 27.5
5.5 10.4 6.2
56.9 70.2 44.6
63.3 88.0 64.5
24.0 6.6 26.0
30.1 38.9 29.2
27.6 41.9 22.4
0.7 0.7 0.6
23.3 6.7 25.0
9.8 9.4 9.1
62.8 75.5 68.2
1.4 2.1 1.7
2.5 5.0 2.7
20.8 6.0 15.9
2.0 1.1 1.4
0.5 0.8 0.5
7.1 16.1 3.0
25.1 7.8 24.6
20.3 16.0 18.7
CHAPTER 9
Selected Demographic Characteristics and
Appliance Saturations for Geographic Area
Dwelling Type
Single Family
Townhouse or Row House
Duplex-Triplex
Low Rise Apt or Condo
High Rise Apt or Condo
Mobile Home
Home Ownership
Own
Rent
Other
Age of Home
1980 or Later
1979
1975-1978
1970-1974
1960-1969
1950-1959
1940-1949
Before 1940
Not Sure
Number of Bedrooms
Studio
One
Two
Three
Four
Five or More
Square Footage
Less than 300 Sq Ft
300-499
500-799
800-1099
1100-1299
1300-1599
1600-1999
2000-2399
2400-2999
3000 Sq Ft or More
Not Sure
Maritime
55.8
6.7
8.2
23.0
1.9
4.4
58.2
40.8
1.0
0.7
1.3
6.4
10.8
18.9
18.0
11.1
15.4
17.3
1.8
19.1
37.5
29.4
9.2
3.0
1.8
4.0
8.6
14.8
10.0
9.9
8.9
4.9
3.9
2.6
30.7
-98-
Coastal
70.0
6.9
6.1
13.3
0.3
3.3
74.3
25.4
0.3
0.6
2.7
12.0
17.1
23.1
22.7
6.3
4.3
11. 1
0.6
9.1
29.6
40.0
18.1
2.6
0.5
2.0
5.2
11.6
13.3
14.6
IS .4
7.6
3.7
1.4
24.6
Inland
65.1
5.4
2.4
15.4
0.0
11.8
76.6
22.7
0.7
0.4
2.2
15.3
27.7
23.0
14.7
3.8
2.8
10.2
0.6
7.7
34.7
36.9
17.7
2.3
0.6
1.1
4.9
10.9
10.9
19.7
15.0
7.5
4.9
3.3
21.2
Maritime Coastal Inland
Annual Household Income
Less than $2,499 2.5 2.6 1.5
$2,500-$4,999 6.9 3.7 3.3
$5,000-$7,499 9.0 5.6 6.6
$7,500-$9,999 7.5 7.1 5.1
$10,000-$12,499 10.6 8.0 9.5
$12,500-:...$14,999 9.0 6.3 7.1
$15,000-$19,999 13.0 14.0 13.3
$20,000-$24,999 12.4 15.2 13.7
$25,000-$29,999 7.1 10.7 10.3
$30,000-$34,999 6.5 8.9 10.4
$35,000-$39,999 3.4 5.8 6.6
$40,000-$44,999 3.6 4.2 3.8
$45,000-$49,999 2.3 1.7 1.7
$50,000 or More 6.2 6.1 7.0
Residents In Specific
Age Groups
5 or Under 6.8 7.0 8.6
6-9 4.7 5.1 5.2
10-14 5.6 7.7 7.2
15-18 5.3 6.5 7.0
19-24 10.0 9.8 8.5
25-34 17.4 16.3 16.6
35-44 11.1 12.5 12.5
45-54 10.3 11.7 10.6
55-64 12.5 11.4 10.7
65 or Older 16.3 12.0 13.1
Ceiling Insulation
None 48.0 29.2 17.0
Less than R-11 0.6 1.2 1.8
R-11 thru R-18 2.4 2.2 2.5
R-19 or Greater 7.4 10.5 11.9
Don't Know 41.6 56.9 66.8
Wall Insulation
Yes 22.0 29.6 44.1
No 34.7 31.0 19.8
~Not Sure 43.3 39.4 36.1
Type of Heating System
Electric Forced Air 0.9 2.0 4.9
Electric Floor Ceiling 11.3 9.6 11.2
Electric Heat Pump 0.1 0.6 3.6
Gas Forced Air 31.4 45.2 49.9
Gas Wall, Floor 45.1 34.7 22.8
Other 2.9 2.6 3.9
None 6.0 3.5 2.0
Don't Know 2.2 1.7 1.7
-99-
Maritime Coastal Inland
Type of Air Conditioning System
Electric Central 1.7 8.1 24.6
Electric Window, Wall 4.7 13.0 23.6
Electric Heat Pump 0.1 0.5 2.8
Evaporative Unit 1.0 1.3 4.6
Gas Central 0.6 1.3 3.5
Other 0.0 0.2 0.6
None 91.7 7.5.2 38.9
Don't Know 0.2 0.4 1.3
Black and White T.V.
None 68.7 69.8 76.1
One 27.9 26.9 21.4
Two or More 3.4 3.3 2.5
Total* 34.7 33.5 26.4
Color T.V.
None 13.9 9.9 7.8
One 67.2 67.3 70.9
Two or More 18.9 22.7 21.3
Total* 105.0 112.7 113.5
Type of Cooking Range
Electric 35.5 45.7 53.5
Natural Gas 60.9 51.4 41.9
Bottled Gas 0.5 0.7 3.1
Other 3.1 2.2 1.5
Microwave Oven 25.0 36.9 41.3
Type of Refrigerator
None 3.3 2.2 2.1
Manual Defrost 28.9 20.4 19.7
Frost-Free 60.3 69.7 70.6
Both Manual & Frost-Free 7.5 7.7 7.6
Frost-Free Refrigerators
One 64.2 73.2 71.9
Two 3.9 4.8 6.4
Three or More 0.1 0.3 0.4
Total* 72.3 83.3 85.9
Freezer 19.5 26.6 33.2
Frost-Free Freezer 5.7 7.2 8.3
Dishwasher 40.8 53.5 60.7
Washing Machine
Private Use 58.6 75.9 76.3
Multi-Residence Use 26.4 ·15 .1 19.1
*Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
-100-
Maritime Coastal Inland
-~~--
Clothes Dryer
Electric-Private Use 27.6 36.4 47.2
Natural Gas-Private Us<' 33.7 38.9 35.8
Bottled Gas-Private Ust• 0.0 0.2 1.7
Central Location 4.8 2.4 2.5
Type of Water Heater
Electric 5.8 8.0 16.4
Natural Gas 86.8 84.6 70.9
Bottled Gas 0.1 0.8 4.3
Solar System 2.0 3.4 5.5
Central System 3.3 1.3 1.3
Other 0.7 0.7 0.6
Don't Know 1.5 1.3 1.0
Swimming Pool
Private 5.1 9.7 15.2
Central 14.1 13.9 21.7
J.1cuzzi;': 10.5 15. 1 17.7
*Includes Central Use Facilities.
-101-
CHAPTER 10
Selected Demographic Characteristics And
Appliance Saturations by SDG&E Service Center
Beach Centre North North Orange South
Cities City Eastern Coast East County Bay ----
Dwelling Type
Single Family 63.2 57.5 65.9 61.9 67.4 63.4 60.3
Townhouse or Row House 11.0 6.4 5.8 8.6 6.5 12.6 9.1
Duplex-Triplex 5.2 9.5 3.3 9.5 3.6 9.3 6.2
Low-Rise Apt or Condo 18.9 24.2 15.6 11.7 12.8 9.8 14.9
High Rise Apt or Condo 1.4 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.3 1.3
Mobile Home 0.4 1.0 9.1 8.1 9.8 4.6 8.3
Home Ownership
Own 69.8 53.3 76.7 78.7 81.2 81.8 69.7
Rent 29.6 46.0 23.1 20.7 17.5 17.4 29.1
Other 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.2
I
I-'
0 Age of Home N
I 1980 or Later 1.5 1.9 2.2 4.2 4.4 4.7 2.4
1979 2.8 2.5 4.6 7.1 6.7 5.8 5.4
1975-1978 10.5 4.9 12.8 25.0 24.6 17.9 11.5
1970-1974 17.3 8.5 20.0 18.5 27.4 27.8 13.1
1960-1969 22.5 11.5 21.4 21.0 19.3 26.2 22.0
1950-1959 23.0 17.3 20.9 10.9 6.5 8.3 19.0
1940-1949 7.8 11.0 6.0 3.5 1.6 2.2 6.4
Before 1940 4.0 20.2 2.9 3.4 2.8 2.2 7.2
Not Sure 10.6 22.3 9.2 6.3 6.7 5.0 13.0
Number of Bedrooms
Studio. 1.6 1.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.8
One 11.1 22.5 8.8 8.0 6.5 3.0 10.1
Two 26.9 42.5 31.0 37.5 32.1 37.4 30.9
Three 38.0 23.8 41.8 37.2 35.1 36.0 38.7
Four 18.2 8.2 15.9 14.0 23.0 19.8 16.5
Five or More 4.2 1.5 1.9 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.0
Beach Centre North North Orange South
Cities City Eastern Coast --East --County Bay
Square Footage
Less than 300 Sq Ft 0.3 2.4 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.3 1.1
300-499 Sq Ft 2.3 5.0 1.7 1.0 0.4 1.1 2.3
500-799 Sq Ft 5.7 9.8 4.8 3.7 4.5 1.4 6.6
800-1099 Sq Ft 12.3 13.6 11.4 15.0 9.3 7.9 12.2
1100-1299 Sq Ft 12.6 8.3 13.4 12.3 10.4 11.0 11.6
1300-1599 Sq Ft 15.2 8.4 17.6 15.8 20.5 22.0 11.7
1600-1999 Sq Ft 13.8 6.7 15.8 17.4 20.3 22.3 11.9
2000-2399 Sq Ft 8.8 2.9 7.5 8.0 10.0 10.1 5.7
2400-2999 Sq Ft 6.2 1.7 4.3 5.9 6.3 9.6 3.6
3000 Sq Ft or More 2.6 0.9 2.4 2.8 3.4 4.2 1.6
Not Sure 20.1 40.2 20.8 16.9 14.5 10.1 31.7
I Annual Household Income 1-'
0 Less than $2,499 1.1 5.7 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 2.1 w
I $2,500 -$4,999 2.4 10.1 2.9 2.3 2.3 2.1 6.2
$5,000 -$7,499 3.8 10.8 5.1 5.7 5.3 1.4 8.3
$7,500 -$9,999 3.7 12.3 5.2 7.1 4.8 3.2 6.1
$10,000 -$12,499 7.6 9.3 8.8 9.4 8.3 5.3 11.1
$12,500 -$14,999 5.2 8.0 7.9 7.1 5.3 4.6 9.5
$15,000 -$19,999 13.7 12.7 14.4 10.6 11.0 8.1 13.6
$20,000 -$24,999 14.0 11. 1 14.1 12.9 14.8 9.5 16.3
$25,000 -$29,999 11.3 6.1 11.4 9.2 11.7 12.4 8.0
$30,000 -$34,999 10.2 5.2 9.8 9.1 11. 1 12.4 6.7
$35,000 -$39,999 7.4 3.3 6.3 5.9 7.8 6.4 3.3
$40,000 -$44,999 5.4 2.1 4.2 5.4 4.8 6.4 3.7
$45,000 -$49,999 3.1 0.8 2.2 3.2 2.8 7.1 1.8
$50,000 or More 11.3 2.5 6.3 10.9 8.7 20.5 3.4
Beach Centre North North Orange South
Cities City Eastern Coast East County Bay ----
Residents in Specific Age Groups
5 or Under 5.9 7.2 7.4 7.7 8.4 7.2 9.1
6-9 4.0 5.2 4.8 5.4 6.0 4.8 6.0
10-14 6.6 6.5 7.4 6.5 8.8 7.8 7.2
15-18 6.7 4.8 6.8 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.5
19-24 11.2 10.4 10.1 8.1 6.2 6.0 9.5
25-34 17.9 19.6 16.4 6.7 15.8 14.4 17.1
35-44 13.3 9.8 13.5 13.7 13.6 15.5 10.9
45-54 12.5 8.9 11. 1 12.8 8.4 10.6 10.9
55-64 11.3 12.0 11.7 14.3 11.1 13.3 10.9
65 or Older 10.5 15.6 10.9 18.1 15.3 13.8 11.9
Ceiling Insulation
None 34.5 52.6 21.0 22.6 10.3 22.0 32.6
I Less than R-11 0.9 0.3 1.4 1.2 2.3 1.1 1.5 .....
0 R-11 thru R-18 2.3 1.6 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.8 3.0
""'" I R-19 or Greater 8.9 6.6 12.7 12.2 15.1 10.6 8.9
Don't Know 53.5 38.9 62.1 61.5 69.9 63.5 54.1
Wall Insulation
Yes 28.3 18.5 37.7 40.9 51.7 40.7 31.1
No 28.5 38.2 25.2 21.6 15.3 19.8 30.2
Not Sure 43.2 43.3 37.2 37.5 32.9 39.6 38.7
Type of Heating System
Electric Forced Air 2.0 1.3 3.7 1.7 6.5 2.0 1.5
Electric Floor Ceiling 12.0 10.1 10.9 12.2 10.0 2.3 11. 1
Electric Heat Pump 0.2 0.3 1.8 3.0 8.5 0.3 0.3
Gas Forced Air 47.7 23.6 49.5 48.1 52.4 69.3 36.8
Beach Centre North North Orange South
Cities City Eastern Coast East County Bay ----
Type of Heating System (Cont.)
Gas, Wall, Floor 29.7 54.3 26.3 24.7 15.3 21.3 41.2
Other 2.6 2.8 4.2 3.9 3.1 2.0 2.4
None 3.8 6.0 1.8 4.6 2.6 2.0 4.5
Don't Know 2. 1 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.5 o.'6 2.4
Type of Air Conditioning System
Electric Central 4.2 4.0 22.1 4.7 22.9 12.5 3.2
Electric Window-Wall 6.9 12.3 23.3 5.3 12.4 0.9 5.4
Electric Heat Pump 0.2 0.3 1.5 2.1 7.3 0.0 0.2
Evaporative Unit 0.3 1.1 4.4 1.6 3.3 0.0 1.7
Gas Central 0.7 1.0 3.6 1.2 2.3 3.4 0.6
Other 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0
None 87.3 81.0 43.4 84.7 50.3 83.2 88.3
I Don't Know 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.5 ~
0
V1
I Black and White T.V.
None 67.4 68.7 74.5 73.0 75.6 76.0 70.0
One 28.6 28.9 23.2 24.9 21.6 21.0 26.0
Two or More 4.0 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.7 3.0 3.9
Total""' 36.6 33.9 27.8 29.1 27.0 27.0 33.8
Color T.V.
None 11.9 17.6 7.7 8.9 6.9 6.7 7.6
One 63.8 66.8 70.7 67.6 71.5 64.4 68.6
Two or More 24.3 15.6 21.6 23.4 21.5 29.1 23.9
Total* 24.3 15.6 21.6 23.4 21.5 29.1 23.9
112.4 98.0 113.9 114.4 114.5 122.6 116.4
*Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
Beach Centre North North Orange South
Cities City Eastern Coast --East County Bay
Type of Cooking Range
Electric 56.8 28.0 50.2 50.1 62.6 47.7 38.5
Natural Gas 40.9 68.4 45.4 46.9 31.8 51.2 57.8
Bottled Gas 0.1 0.3 2.3 1.2 3.8 0.0 0.9
Other 1.8 2.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 L1 2.3
Microwave Oven 35.9 19.9 43.2 38.7 44.2 40.2 32.5
Type of Refrigerator
None 1.7 5.3 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.9 2.6
Manual Defrost 19.2 36.9 19.3 15.9 14.8 12.9 23.2
Frost-Free 72.1 52.9 69.4 74.7 76.2 79.7 66.9
Both Manual & Frost-Free 7.0 5.0 9.3 7.7 7.6 5.5 7.3
I Frost-Free Refrigerator 1-'
0 One 75.2 55.2 74.9 75.7 75.7 79.0 70.1 "' I Two 4.2 2.8 4.3 6.8 8.2 6.6 4.9
Three or More 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1
Total"'' 83.9 61.7 84.1 89.9 93.3 92.2 80.2
Freezer 21.0 18.8 29.5 29.6 30.9 22.7 25.2
Frost-Free Freezer 6.7 5.1 7.0 8.5 7.9 6.5 6.9
Dishwasher 62.0 28.7 58.5 64.0 73.4 79.0 46.8
Washing Machine
Private Use 72.0 55.3 75.4 78.4 83.2 83.2 70.6
Multi-Residence 18.4 24.7 19.1 14.3 12.4 10.2 21.1
*Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
Beach Centre North North Orange South
Cities City Eastern Coast --East --County Bay
Clothes Dryer
Electric-Private Use 33.8 16.5 31.9 40.6 48.0 25.8 28.7
Natural Gas-Private Use 31.9 23.5 36.1 30.1 25.6 54.1 30.1
Bottled Gas-Private Use 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.3 0.0
Central Location 18.0 23.0 18.6 14.1 12.5 10.3 20.7
Not Sure 15.4 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4
Type of Water Heater
Electric 7.6 4.7 12.5 14.5 19.6 4.6 6.4
Natural Gas 83.6 89.5 76.7 73.5 64.1 93.3 88.7
Bottled Gas 0.2 0.1 3.0 2.3 5.1 0.0 0.1
Solar System 3.0 1.3 4.5 6.4 8.3 0.9 1.8
Central System 3.1 1.7 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.0 1.6
Other 1.3 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.4
I Don't Know 1.2 2.4 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 ....
0
-...J
I Swimming Pool
Private 9.9 3.4 13.9 8.1 12.2 6.7 6.2
Central 20.9 6.5 22.2 20.1 16.7 22.0 17.9
Jacuzzi"~ 19.9 5.4 19.3 25.9 20.4 24.5 10.5
*Includes Central Use Facilities
CHAPTER 11
Selected Demographic Characteristics And
Appliance Saturations for Consumption Levels
Low Medium High
Consumption Consumption Consumption
(0-400 Kwhrs) (401-700 Kwhrs) (701 + Kwhrs)
Dwelling Type
Single Family 50.8 65.4 67.7
Townho~se or Row House 6.8 8.2 13.2
Duplex-Triplex 6.8 6.7 5.4
Low Rise Apt. or Condo 23.9 17.8 10.8
High Rise Apt. or Condo 1.1 0.7 0.4
Mobile Home 10.7 1.2 2.4
Home Ownership
Own 57.9 70.0 81.5
Rent 41.2 29.5 17.7
Other 0.9 0.6 0.8
Age of Home
1980 or Later 2.9 2.9 2.5
1979 4.0 4.9 5.4
1975 -1978 11.3 16.2 15.9
1970 -1974 15.0 17.9 25.0
1960 -1969 17.0 19.9 24.6
1950 -1959 16.8 16.1 12.4
1940 -1949 7.2 5.4 4.5
Before 1940 8.2 5.3 3.9
Not Sure 17.6 11.3 5.8
Number of Bedrooms
Studio 2.2 0.4 0.4
One 22.1 7.4 1.9
Two 40.7 32.5 23.8
Three 27.5 39.0 38.5
Four 6.7 18.4 27.3
Five 0.6 2.0 6.7
Six or More 0.2 0.3 1.5
Square Footage
Less than 300 sq. ft. 1.9 0.6 0.3
300 -499 4.5 1.2 0.7
500 -799 9.9 4.5 1.1
800 -1099 15.6 11.4 6.0
1100 -1299 11.9 11.5 8.9
1300 -1599 13.7 15.8 13.2
1600 -1999 8.2 17.2 18.9
2000 -2399 2.3 17.2 16.4
2400 -2999 1.0 7.7 11.2
3000 sq. ft. or more 0.8 1.5 9.4
Not Sure 30.3 22.9 14.0
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Annual Household Income
Less than $2,499
$2,500 -$4,999
$5,000-$7,499
$7,000-$9,999
$10,000 -~12,499
$12,500 -$14,999
$15,000 -$19,999
$20,000 -$24,999
$25,000 -$29,999
$30,000 -$34,999
$35,000 -$39,999
$40,000 -$44,999
$45,000 -$49,999
$50,000 or more
Residents in Specific Age Groups
5 or under
6 - 9
10 -14
15 -18
19 -24
25 -34
35 -44
45 -54
55 -64
65 or older
Ceiling Insulation
None
Less Than R-11
R-11 thru R-18
R-19 or Greater
Don't Know
Wall Insulation
Yes
No
Not Sure
Type of Heating System
Electric Forced Air
Electric Floor Ceiling
Electric Heat Pump
Gas Forced Air
Gas Wall, Floor
Other
None
Don't Know
Low
Consumption
3.1
7.0
10.0
9.1
11.7
7.6
14.9
12.8
8.5
5.8
3.5
2.3
0.8
2.9
8.1
4.8
4.2
3.1
10.2
21.0
9.7
8.2
12.0
18.6
37.9
1.0
1.4
8.7
51.1
27.0
27.6
45.4
1.7
12.5
0.9
33.5
41.4
2.8
4.6
2.6
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Medium
Consumption
1.8
2.7
5.0
5.3
8.0
7. 1
12.4
14.6
10.7
10.4
6.9
4.8
3.0
7.2
8.6
6.6
7.8
7.0
9.6
16.1
13.1
10.4
10.8
10.1
26.7
1.3
2.7
11.4
57.9
34.0
26.2
39.8
3.0
11.8
2.0
46.1
28.6
3.4
3.5
1.6
High
Consumption
0.8
1.0
1.7
2.3
4.1
4.0
8.9
11.3
10.3
10.8
8.0
6.9
4.7
25.2
6.1
6.1
9.9
10.8
11.0
10.5
15.7
13.0
9.9
6.9
19.8
1.3
3.0
11.4
64.5
43.5
20.0
36.5
5.2
12.9
3.3
54.8
14.9
4.2
3.1
1.8
Type of Air Conditioning System
Electric Central
Electric Window, wall
Electric Heat Pump
Evaporative Unit
Gas Central
Other
None
Don't Know
Black and White T.V.
None
One
Two or More
Total*
Color T.V.
None
One
Two or More
Total''~
Type of Cooking Range
Electric
Natural Gas
Bottled Gas
Other
Microwave Oven
Type of Refrigerator
None
Manual Defrost
Frost-Free
Both Manual & Frost-Free
Frost-Free Refrigerators
One
Two
Three or more
Total''~
Freezer
Frost-Free Freezer
Dishwasher
Washing Machine
Private Use
Multi-Residence Use
Low
Consumption
7.4
11.9
0.7
3.5
0.9
0.3
74.8
0.5
71.5
26.3
2.1
30.5
17.6
71.0
11.4
93.8
35.4
59.3
2.5
2.1
22.1
3.7
35.2
57.6
3.5
59.7
2.0
0.0
63.7
13.9
3.1
37.2
55.0
28.8
'~Number of Appliances Per 100 Customers
-llO-
Medium
ConsumptiOI~
9.9
11.5
1.5
0.9
1.5
0.1
73.8
0.7
71.3
25.8
2.9
31 .. 6
8.6
67.8
23.5
114.8
52.8
44.4
0.7
1.7
39.2
2.0
16.7
73.5
7.8
76.7
4.9
0.3
87.1
27.3
7.6
63.4
74.8
18.3
High
Con~umption
l<J.8
8.9
3.0
1.1
3.4
0.4
62.8
0.6
70.9
24.4
4.7
33.8
3.8
56.5
39.8
136.1
73.7
24.2
0.7
1.1
55.1
0.8
9.6
77.0
12.6
77.0
12.8
0.3
103.2
41.7
13.2
82.3
89.8
7.0
Low Medium High
Consumption Consumption Consumption
Clothes Dryer
Electric -Private Use 19.3 34.1 54.8
Natural Gas -Private Use 24.8 33.0 30.6
Bottled Gas -Private Use 0.8 0.5 1.1
Central Location 27.5 17.9 7.0
Not Sure 0.8 0.7 0.7
Type of Water Heater
Electric 7.5 9.5 24.4.
Natural Gas 83.0 82.0 63.1
Bottled Gas 2.9 1.2 1.8
Solar System 2.0 3.9 7.5
Central System 2.7 1.6 0.3
Don't Know 1.3 1.3 1.7
Swimming Pool
Private 2.1 8.0 28.2
Central 22.6 16.8 19.6
Jacuzzii: 23.5 16.3 32.2
*Includes Central Use Facilities.
-111-
CHAPTER 12
METHODOLOGY
Background
The purpose of the 1981 Residential Energy Survey (Marketing
Information Retrieval and Customer Load Estimate (MIRACLE)) was to obtain
detailed information about major household appliance saturations and user
characterisitcs in the SDG&E service territory. Saturation is defined as
the percentage of residences, both renter and owner occupied, equipped
with the various appliances.
The results of this study may be used to:
1. Fulfill the residential energy-use survey requirement
mandated by CEC Common Forecasting _Methodology
requirements.
2. Forecast residential energy demands.
3. Assist in the analysis of overall system load factors.
4. Define market segments.
5. Estimate conservation potential
6. Develop savings estimates for cost effectiveness studies.
7. Estimate appliance consumption by the Conditional Demand
Method.
While SDG&E had conducted earlier appliance saturation studies,
it paved the way for complex economic studies of energy use in 1975 by
merging the respondent's energy consumption history with the survey
response data. At this time the sample size was greatly expanded to
-112-
allow for statistical validity for sub-regions of SDG&E's service area.
In 1978 after MIRACLE III, two commonly mentioned problems (1)
lowered response rate due to inclusion of an income question, and (2)
income and educational biases, were addressed directly through separate
research studies. In the first study two samples of 500 customers were
sent nearly identical questionnaires; one questionnaire included the
income question and the other left it out. The response rate to both
questionnaires was practically the same. The second problem was
addressed by a "Non-Response" study conducted by Marylander Marketing
Research. Although a small income and education effect was discovered,
the supplier concluded that, overall, the information obtained from
respondents was a reasonable representation of appliance and product
ownership patterns among the universe.
Up until 1981, each of the MIRACLE surveys employed the same
methodology. In 1981 the California Energy Commission (CEC) set
stringent requirements for the survey. The present study obtained data
in late.1981. Data collection for MIRACLE VI is expected to begin in
early 1984.
Questionnaire Design
The overall design of the 1981 Residential Energy Survey
(MIRACLE V) was set by the CEC. Beginning in March 1981, the CEC and its
sub-contractor ADM Associates developed draft survey instruments and
distributed them to utilities for review and comment. By August 1981, a
final questionnaire was approved. The finalized survey design featured a
mail phase, including an initial mailing and a follow-up mailing to
non-respondents. A ten percent sample was taken of the mail phase
-113-
non-respondents, and a telephone or in-person follow-up was attempted.
The final version of the survey instrument contained SO
questions. _The questionnaire was printed on bond stock tan paper in a 7"
x 11" booklet. All pages were used for printing. A cover letter and the
questionnaire were folded in thirds and placed in an envelope addressed
to each customer in the sample. A postage paid return envelope was also
enclosed, and the complete survey package was sent out at bulk rate. The
Appendix contains the cover letter to the customer and the survey
questionnaire.
Sampling Methodology and Response Rate
SDG&E customer billing data was analyzed by the CEC and
stratification criteria developed. The CEC set up four dimensions in
stratifying the sampling frame: 1) geographic area (climate zone);
2) presence of electric heating in the residence; 3) type of residence
and meter type; and 4) kilowatt hour consumption. With these criteria 72
stratum were divised. Within a given strata, every SDG&E residential
account was "tagged" with a random number. The accounts within each
strata were then sorted in order of the random number. Then, for each
strata, the number of required accounts were selected by simply picking
the first n accounts from the randomly ordered file. Table 12.1 presents
the total sample selected for each strata number assigned by the CEC, and
the response rate associated with it. Upon selection of the sample, the
file was sorted in zip code order and then in account n~mber order within
zip code.
-114-
Out of 15,000 questionnaires sent out, a total of 8041 (54%)
usable questionnaires were returned before the cut-off date. The
breakdown Qf responses by survey phase is:
First Mailing -Individual Meter
Second Mailing -Individual Meter
First Mailing -Master Meter
Second Mailing -Master Meter
Telephone Follow-up
In-Person Follow-up
Not Known
5214
1605
278
119
607
149
69
System level 95% confidence intervals for the various appliance
saturations from a sample size of 8,041 are presented in Table 12.2.
-115-
TABLE 12.1
Response Rate by Strata Number
Strata Response
Strata Population Sample Response Rate
Number Size Number Number Percent --
1 68,469 1,375 838 61%
2 69,786 1,403 898 64
3 25,035 503 315 63
4 225 5 1 20
5 15,913 319 171 54
6 16,810 337 177 52
7 4,827 97 55 57
8 2,376 48 10 21
9 1,489 30 15 50
13 5,672 114 62 54
14 6,518 131 84 64
15 1,877 37 20 54
16 186 3 0 0
17 16,526 331 145 44
18 16,990 342 184 54
19 6,487 131 77 59
20 2,884 59 7 12
21 6,792 137 60 44
23 56,434 1,134 601 53
24 82,993 1,668 1,009 60
25 21,774 437 244 56
26 637 13 5 38
27 26,557 534 238 44
28 41,001 823 390 47
29 10,512 211 98 46
30 12,809 258 38 46
31 2,114 42 14 33
35 4,499 90 38 42
36 4,421 89 52 58
37 1,284 25 12 48
38 414 9 3 33
39 20,233 407 169 41
40 19,665 395 175 44
41 6,922 139 64 46
42 7,684 155 26 17
43 9,579 192 83 43
45 29,325 589 350 59
46 30,598 615 382 62
47 10,533 211 137 65
48 114 3 1 33
49 4,859 97 40 41
50 7,849 157 87 55
-116-
Strata Response
Strata Population Sample Response Rate
Number Size Number Number Percent --
51 3,282 66 37 56%
52 1,464 30 10 33
53 2,311 47 16 34
56 6,592 132 67 51
57 7,479 150 92 61
58 3,040 61 39 64
59 141 3 1 33
60 7,412 149 71 48
61 7,512 151 71 47
62 2,991 60 34 57
63 510 11 4 36
64 11,061 222 106 48
66 2,351 47 28 59
67 1,208 24 11 46
68 21 0 0 0
69 377 7 3 43
70 1,241 25 5 20
71 666 13 1 8
73 2,924 59 32 54
74 1,596 32 12 37
75 31 0 0 0
76 477 9 5 55
77 70 2 0 0
78 253 5 2 40
-117-
TABLE 12.2
System Level 95% Confidence Intervals For
Appliance Saturation Estimate
Sample Estimate of 95%
A£Eliance Saturation Confidence Level
10 or 90% ± 0. 7%
20 or 80% ± 0.9%
30 or 70% ± 1.1%
40 or 60% ± 1.1%
SO% ± 1.2%
-118-
Survey Procedure
Two labels were computer printed for each customer in the
sample. The first label contained account number, name, and service
address; and was placed on the inside front page of the questionnaire.
The second label contained account number, name, and mailing address; and
was placed on the mailing envelope.
On September 11, 1981, the first mailing was sent to only the
individual-metered residence (13,688). The master-meter mailing was sent
out in October 1981 and was handled separately. As questionnaires were
received, they were logged in using a specified code, each assigned a
unique ID number, and then the corresponding duplicate set of labels that
had been printed for each customer were removed. At the cut-off date of
October 2, 1981, three weeks after the initial mailing, non-respondents
to the first mailing were sent another questionnaire. In late
October 1981, 7942 non-respondents to the mail phase were included in the
follow-up phase of the study. All non-respondent households for whom a
telephone number was available were called. All customers who could not
be reached after five telephone calls were retired from the study.
Personal interviews were attempted for the remaining households where a
telephone number was not available. In the follow-up phase, 607 usable
interviews were completed by telephone and 149 usable interviews
completed in person.
Data Processing and Analysis
Every survey was hand edited for completeness, coded, and
keypunched. The keypunched cards were then read onto the computer
system. A cobol program was run to identify invalid or duplicate account
-119-
numbers. All errors were corrected in the data file. The data was
sorted and each case merged with its gas and electric consumption history
and related information. No weighting of the data file was needed as
stated by the CEC in its working papers on "Development of Common
Sampling and Surveying Methods for California Utilities -March 1982":
We note that no such adjustments (weighted) are needed for the
residential results (MIRACLE V). Despite certain prior
statements to the contrary, it is the case, and can be shown
mathematically, that all customers had equal probability of
selection in the residential survey. Because of this, the
sample does not include any groups with greater frequency than
they occur in the population. Thus, the residential results
will provide unbiased estimations in Conditional Demand
Analysis.
At the completion of editing, sorting and merging the data, the entire
file was copied onto a tape for permanent storage.
Appliance saturation estimates were obtained using the
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software package and
are expressed as percentages.
-120-
@
San Diego Gas & Electric
Dear Customer:
The 1981 Residential Energy Survey is
jointly sponsored by the California Energy Commission
and San Diego Gas & Electric. The information that
you and other customers provide about your appliances,
your home, and your lifestyle will assist us in
planning for San Diego's future energy needs.
Your response to this questionnaire is
especially important to the success of this project
since only a small sample of SDG&E customers has been
randomly chosen to participate. Please take a few
moments to answer the questionnaire and return it to
us within the next few days in the postage-paid
envelope.
Your answers will be kept in strictest
confidence and will only be used in compiling energy
usage patterns. Results will not be used for any
marketing, sales, or promotional purpose.
If you should have any questions or problems
filling out the survey, please call SDG&E at 232-4252,
extension 1132.
CAB/pyk
Encl
Thank you for your time and your participation.
Sincerely,
~){1.~
Christina A. Bachman
Policy & Communication
Research Department
jATENCION!
EL OBJECTO DE ESTE CUESTIONARIO ES PARA OBTENER INFORMACION
SOBRE SU CONSUMO NECESARIO DE ELECTRICIDAD. ES MUY IMPORTANTE
OBTENER LAS RESPUESTAS DE LAS PERSONAS DE HABLA ESPANOLA. Sf
USTED NO HABLA INGLES, S(RVASE LLAMAR LIBRE DE CARGO A ESTE
NUMERO 232-4252 EXTENCION 1853 DONDE SE LE HARAN LAS PREGUNTAS
POR TELEFONO.
POST OFFICE BOX 1831 ·SAN DIEGO. CALIFORNIA 92112 ·TELEPHONE 714/232-4252