Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutAPA1718[}{]£[ffi~& c §liD&®©@ 5;usitna Joint Venture Document Number Please Return To DOCUMENT CONTROL SUSJ.:TN:\ HYDRt:J:S:LECTRIC PROJECT SLOUGH GEOHYPROLOGY STUDIES Prepared by Harza-Ebasco Susitna Joint Venture in cooperation with R&M Consultants, 1nc. for the. Alaska Powe:r: Aut:hority April 1984 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT SLOUGH GEOHYDROLOGY STUDIES Prepared by Harza-Ebasco Susitna Joint Venture in cooperation with R&M Consultants, Inc. for the Alaska Power Authority April 1984 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION/TITLE LIST OF TABLES LIST OF EXHIBITS LIST OF APPENDICES 1.0 SUMMARY 2.0 INTRODUCTION 3.0 .HETHODOLcx:;Y 3.1 Data Compilation and Review 3.2 Site Visits 3.3 Agency and Subcontractor Contacts 3.4 Data Analyses 3.4.1 Aquifer Properties 3.4 .2 Aerial Photograph Interpretation 3.4.3 Field Data Reduction 3.5 Mathematical Modeling 3.5.1 Data Correlations 3.5.2 ?we-Dimensional Cross-Sections and Profiles 4.0 RESULTS 4.1 Hydrogeologic Setting 4.1.1 Regional Geology 4.1.2 Interpretation of Aerial Photographs 4.1.3 Slough Runoff Estimates 4.1.4 Groundwater Underflow Estimates 4.2 Aquifer Properties 4.2.1 Talkeetna Pumping Test 4.2.2 Talkeetna Specific Capacity Data 4.2.3 Slough 9 Surface Water -Groundwater Correlation 4.3 Data Correlations 4.3.1 Slough Discharge Data 4.3.2 Seepage Meter Data 4.3.3 Temperature Data 4.4 Analytical Models 4.4.1 Groundwater Level Variations 4.4.2 Temperature Variations DRAFT 4/27/84 REV • 5/31/84 i iii l.V Vl.l. 1-1 2-1 3-1 3-1 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-5 3-6 3-6 3-6 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-8 4-8 4-9 4-10 4-11 4-11 4-15 4-16 4-19 4-20 4-22 TABLf 0f CONTENTS (Continued) 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 General Conclusions 5.2 Effects of Project Operation 5.3 Recommendations 5.3.1 Additional Field Studies 5.3.2 Additional Data Analyses REFERENCES TABLES EXHIBITS APPENDICES DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 ii 5-1 5-l 5-1 5-3 5-4 5-5 I LIST OF TABLES I !!Q.:.. TITLE I 1 Transmissivity Estimates Based on Specific Capacity D~ta for Talkeetna Wells I 2 Linear Regression Equations for Slough Discharge vs. Mainstem Discharge I I I I I I I I I I I I I I DRAFT 4/27/;;4 I REV. 5/31/84 iii I I I I I I I I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 10 I I I I I I I I I 11 12 13 14 15 1/C. ..... 17 DRAFT 4/27/84 LIST OF EXHIBITS · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Tl TI:.E · - -- -· · - -· -· · · · · -· · · · -· · · · · Locations of Principal Slough Study Sites, 1982-1983. Approximate Locations of Data Collection Points -Stage Recorders and Seepage Metera. Approximate Locations of Data Collection Points -Water Surface Elevations. Approximate Locations of Data Collection Points -Surface Water Temperature, Summer 1982. Approximate Locations of Data Collection Points -Surface Water Temperature, Winter 1982-1983. Approximate Locations of Data Collection Points -Surface Water Temperature, Summer 1983. Locations of Observation Wells at Slough SA. Locations of Observation Wells at Slough 9. Approximate Locations of Talkeetna Wells. Groundwater Contours and Flow Paths, Susit.na River at Slough SA. Groundwater Discharge vs. Mainstem Discharge, Slough SA in 1982. Groundwater Discharge and Mainstem Discharge vs. Time Slough 8A, Sept-oct 1982. Analysis of Talkeetna Fire Hall Well Pumping Test. Groundwater Level Variations in Fesponse to River Stage Fluctuations, Slough 9, June 3-4, 1983. Discharge Hydrographs, Mainstem Susitna at Gold Creek and Slough SA, Summer 1983. Discharge Hydrographs, Mainstem Susitna at Gold Cre~k and Slough 9, Summer 1983. Discharge Hydrographs, Mainstem Susitna at Gold Creek and Slough 11, Summer 1983. iv I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 DRAFT 4/27/84 LIST OF EXHIBITS (Con•inued) ---·TITLE --· --· ---· · · -· • · · ---· --· -- Slough SA Discharge vs. Mainstem Discharge at Gold Creek, Suuaer 1983. Slough 9 Discharge vs. Mainstem Discharge at Gold Creek, Suaaer 1983. Slough 11 Discharge vs. Mainstem Discharge at Cold Creek, Sut"'lller 1983. Seepage Rate vs. Mainstem Discharge, Seepage Meter 8-l. Seepage Rate vs. Mainstem Discharge, Seepage Meter 8-2. Seepage Rate vs. Mainstem Discharge, Seepage H~ter 9-1. Seepage Rate vs. Mainstem Discharge, Seepage Meter 9-2. Seepage Rate vs. Mainstem Discharge, Seepage Meter 9-3. Seepage Rate vs. Mainstem Discharge, Seepage Meter 11-1. Seepage Rate vs. Mainstem Discharge, Seepage Meter 11-2. Seepaae Rate vs. Mainstem Discharge, Seepaae Meter 21-1. Seepage Rate vs. Mainstem Discharge, Seepaae Meter 21-2. Slough 8A Watt.r Temperat•1res, 1982. Slough 8A Water Temperatures, 1983. Slouch 9 Water Temperatures, 1983. Slough 11 Water Temperatures, 1983. Slough 21 Water Temperatures, 1983. Simulated Groundwater Level Variations in Response to River Stage Variations. v I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 36 37 38 39 DRAFT 4/27/84 LIST OF EXHIBITS (Continued) · · · · -· · · · · -· · · · · · · · · -TITLE · · -· -· -· --· --· -· · ---· · · · Simulated Groundwater Levels vs. Distance From River, Storage Coefficient • 0.2. Simulated Groundwater Levels vs. Distance From River, Storage Coefficient • 0.02. Simulated Groundwater Levels vs. Distance From River, Storage Coefficient • 0.002. Simulated Groundwater Levels vs. Distance From River, Storage Coefficient • 0.0002. vi I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I LETTER A B c D E F G DRAFT 4/27/84 LIST OF APPENDICES ·· ·TITLE·· Slough 9 -Groundwater Observation Wells -Side Channel Stage Comparison R&M Memorandum Report -Local Runoff into Sloughs Climate Summaries for Sherman Weather Station, May-September 1983 Mainstem Discharge of the Susitna River at Gold Creek for the Year Ending September 30, 1983 Gaging Station and Discharge Data, Sloughs SA, 9, and 11 Seepage Meter Data Groundwater Observation Wells Stage Comparison vii I I I I I I I l.O SUMMARY This study provides a rev1ew of much available hydraulic and thermal data regarding the discharge and temperature of side sloughs tributary to the Susitna River between Devil Canyon and Talkeetna. This review of the data has served to illustrate the ~omplexity of hydraulic conditions at the sloughs. It has not been possible to formulate a single conceptual model which can serve to describe each individual slough. On the contraryt each of the slou~1s studied in detail differs significantly from the other sloughs in one or more important respect. Because of these complexities, it is not presently possible to quantitatively predict the change~ in slough discharge or temperatures which might result from changes in mainstem conditions as a result of proje~t operation. However, where it has been possible to isolate the apparent I groundwater upwelling component of discharge from selected sloughs, it appears that variations in that component 4re approximately 0.0001 to I 0.00035 of corresponding variations in the mainstem discharge at Gold Creek. Addit:ional field and office studies have been recommended which I I I I I I are designed to strengthen and refine these preliminary conclusions. The discharge from some individual sloughs (such as slough 11) can probably be correlated fairly well with mainstem discharget so thF.~ proje~tions could be made of the changes in slough discharge which w~uld result from changes in mainstem discharge. Howevert the discharge from most sioughs will probably be influenced by diversion& from the mainstem as a result of overtopping, overland runoff and tributary discharge, and other factors which will preclude detailed projections of discharge for each slough in the study reach. The temperature of groundwater discharge to the sloughs does appear to remain relatively constant at a temperature approximately equal to the I mean annual (time-weighted) river temperature. Changes in mean annual I I I DRAFT 4/2 7/84 REV. 5131/84 1-1 I r1ver water temperature under project flow conditions will probably be I reflected in the temperature of winter slough discharge. However, without knowing the proportion of discharge from an individual slough I which can be attributed to such groundwater discharge, i~ is not possible to project the time-variation of heat which will be available for salmon I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I incubation at a particular slough. The recommended addit ~.onal studies should help refine our knowledge of the proportion of discharge from a slough which results from groundwater upwelling. DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 1-2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 2.0 INTRODUCTION . This report provides results of a study begun by the Harza-Ebasco Joint Venture in September 1983 to evaluate hydrologic conditions affecting side sloughs of the Susitna.River between Devil Canyon and Talkeetna, downstream of the proposed Susitna Hydroelectric Project. Eecause of the importance of these sloughs as salcon spawning and rearing areas, and the possibility that groundwater discharge to the sloughs is derived from the mainstem •. the current study involves evaluation of existing data to determine whether hydraulic and thermal relationships might exist between mainstem flows and slough flows. The basic objective of this study is to predict possible variations in the amount and temperature of groundwater discharge to the sloughs as a result of variations in mainstem flows and temperatures induced by project operations. The current study is based largely on data collected during 1982 and 1983 by R&M Consultants as a subcontractor to the Joint Venture, and by the ADF&G Su Hydro Aquatic Studies Group. Data were collected primarily from the vicif'lity of four sloughs, 8A, 9, 11, and 21, whose locations are shown on Exhibit 1. Those data have been used in a variety of statistical and other mathematical analyses in an attempt to identify sienificant interrelationships between mainstem and slough discharge and temi)~-:"·&ture. DRAFT 4/27/84 2-1 I I I l 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3. 0 METHODOLOGY 3.1 DATA COMPILATION AND REVIEW A variety of surface water, groundwater, and water quality data have been compiled from sources such as ADF&G, u.s. Geological Survey, and published and unpublished reports prepared for this and other projects. The types of data which were available include the following: 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aquifer test data, specific capacity data, and well logs from shallow wells in the Talkeetna area. Groundwater level data -occasional water level measurements during 1982 from sixteen wells and shallow standpipes near slough 8 and sixteen wells and shallow standpipes near slough 9; continuous datapod water level records during 1983 from three wells near slough 9. Aerial photographs. Mainstem discharge data -daily records from the USGS gaging station at Gold Creek for 1982 and 1983. Mainstem water surface elevation data -obtained from periodic staff gage readings during 1982 and 1983 at 33 stations in the vicinity of Sloughs 8A, 9, 11, and 21; water surface profiles predicted by hydraulic modeling. Slough ··:'"Charge data -daily records during the summer of 1982 from gag~ng stations in sloughs 9 and 11, and daily records during the summer of 1983 from gaging stations in sloughs SA, 9, and 11. DRAFT 4/27/84 3-1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seepage meter data -measurements of seepage rates into sloughs made at various mainstem water surface elevations during 1983 at nine seepage meters in sloughs SA, 9, 11, and 21. Summer 1982 and 1983 weather data from the Sherman weather station. Groundwater temperature data -occasional temperature measurements during 1982 from fifteen wells near slough 8A and from fourteen wells near slough 9; continuous datapod records during late 19S2 through 19S3 from three wells near slough 9. Occasional 1982 temperature measurements at various mainstem (two locations, near each of sloughs 8A and 9) and slough (sloughs 6A, SA, 9, 9A, 9B, 10, 11, 20, 21, and 22) locations. Intermittent mainstem temperature data for the summer of 19S2 through the summer of 1983 (seventeen locations between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon); intermittent slough temperature data for the winter and autumn of 19S2 through the summer of 19S3 (sloughs SA, 9, 11, 16, 19, and 21). Miscellaneous water quality data from several mainstem and slough locations. Ayproximate locations of the sources of data discussed in this report are shown on Exhibits 2 through 9. Exhibit 2 shows locations of stage recorder~ and seepage meters in sloughs SA, 9, 11, and 21. Exhibit 3 shows locations of surface water elevation measuring points in and near sloughs SA, 9, 11, and 21. Exhibits 4, 5, and 6 show locations of surf•ce water temperature measuring pointl in, respectively, the summer of 1982, winter of 19S2-83, and summer of 1983. Exhibits 7 and S show the locations of observation wells at sloughs SA and 9, respectively. DRAFT 4/27/S4 3-2 .Exhibit 9 shows ·the locations of water supply wells in the Talkeetna area. All of the data measuring points shown on Exhibits 2 through 9 are approximately located. In most cases, locations were d~termined from coordinates or verbal descriptions, rather than maps, and thus could not be precisely plotted. Nonetheless, it is believed that the locations are sufficiently accurate to support the applications of the recorded data made in this study~ 3.2 SITE VISITS A site reconnaissance trip was conducted on September 21 and 22, 1983. The visits were made during a period of relatively l?w mainstem discharge (approximately 10,000 cfs)'" so the. presence of groundwater inflow to the sloughs was more appar1.ant than it would have been had the sloughs been conveying turbid water due to their upstream berms being overtopped by higher mainstem flows. . During the afternoon of September 21, helicopter flyovers of several sloughs between Talkeetna and slough 11 were made, with stops at sloughs 8A, 9, and 11 for more direct observations. In these sloughs, several observations were made of seepage and upwelling. In addition, instrumentation including staff gages, stage recorders, and seepage meters was observed on the ground, and monitoring ~ells at slough 9 were observed from the aix. Lower reaches of .slough 11 were toured on foot, and th~ servicing of instrumentation at well 9-lA was observed. Several sloughs upstream of slough 11, and Devil Canyon, were observed from the air in flying to Watana Camp at the end of the day. On September 22, the lower reaches of slough 9 were toured on foot. Se-epage meter measurements were observed at slough 11, and side channel 10 was visited briefly. during the return to Talkeetna by boat~ DRAFT 4/27/84 3-3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3.3 AGENCY AND SUBCONTRACTOR CONTACTS Following the site visit described above, a number of knowledgable individuals and organizations were contacted in order to obtain published and unpublished information which might be available, and to elicit any comments or suggestions which might affect future studies. Organizations contacted included R&M Consultants, the Alaska Power Authoritv. Trihey & Associates, AEIDC, U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Geological and Geophysical Surveys, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 3.4 DATA ANALYSES 3.4.1 Aquifer Properties Results of aquifer tests and specific capacity data in the Talkeetna area have been obtained from USGS files. These data were used in standard hydrologic analyses for estimation of aquifer ~roperties for the alluvial materials at that site. The resulting aquifer properties in the Talkeetna area are thought to be similar to those of the valley-fill materials further upstream, in the vicinity of the side sloughs. In both areas, the valley-fill materials of interest consist of modern flood plain materials or adjacent fluvial and glaciofluvial terrace deposits. Although the valley is somewhat wider in the Talkeetna area than in the s:udy area further upstream, all of the Talkeetna-area wells are located W1thin about one-half mile of the river (Exhibit 9). Datapod hydrographs have been provided for mainstem stage and groundwater levels in wells at slough 9. The data are reproduced in Appendix A. Attempts have been made to interpret these data by applying publi~hed (9)l/ h . f . . 'f . b d d -tee n1ques or est1mat1ng aqu1 er properttes ase on groun water variations in response to stream stage variations. !/ Refers to the numbers 1n "References" at the end of the text DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 3-4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3.4.2 Aerial Photograph Interpretation Available aerial photographs have been interpreted to identify probable contacts between bedrock, glacial detritus, and alluvial materials. Locations of reported seeps and upwellings have been compared with the inferred surficial geology to seek any obvious relationships between geologic contacts and locations of groundwater discharge to sloughs. 3.4.3 Field R!£!-Re•d~u~c~t~i~on; The reduction of available field data has involved the tabulation, plotting, and computer storage of selected data. Data collected during 1983 has been emphasized because of the variety of data available and the existence of relatively large amounts of continuous or partially-continuous data. Where possible, mean daily values of parameters such as water level, di~charge, temperature, and precipitation have been plotted versus t;me, and the resulting graphs compared to ascertain possible correlations. Parameters suspected of being strongly correlated have been plotted against each other on linear and l~garithmic paper to determine the probable fupctional form of any relationships between the variables. During the course of the statistical analyses __ d)scussed below, much of the 1983 4ata has also been input to computer files, basically in the form of time series, in order to facilitate the statistical analyses and other mathematical analyses. It must be recognized that much of the 1983 data is provisional and subject to ·change as the data are reviewed and further reduced. However, these data should still be adequate to illustrate major trend9 and interrelationships. DRAFT 4/27/84 3-5 3.5 MATHE~~TICAL MODELING 3.5.1 Data Correlations A variety of statistical correlations of existin~ ~ime-~eries data (water levels, discharge rates, temperatures, other water quality parameters) have been performed. These activities were conducted to attempt to. ascertain significant correlations among the various parameters for which data are· available. In general, these activities have included autoregression of time series data to ascertain preexisting trends; transformation of data so that nonlinear regression analyses can be performed, including lagging the data with respect to time; .and multiple linear regression of transformed and nontransformed cata. Transformations of the data were based in part on knowledge of the general hydrological setting of each slough. T'ne objective of these analyses was to ascertain significant relationships among variables such as slough discharge and temperature, mainstem discharge and stage, air temperature, mainstem water temperature, precipitation, etc. 3.5.2 Two-Dimensional Cross-Sections and Profiles ~------------------------- Simplified analytica'l models of flow and thermal transport in vertical sections normal to the river have been used in analyzing existing data for the slough hydrologic regime. Computer programs were prepared based on published analytical solutions .to relevant flow problems (1, 7). Simulations of the groundwater surface between the mainstem and the sloughG, and variation of that surface with variations in mainstem water levels, within a two-dimensional vertical section extending from the river to the slough, were conducted by applying the convolution integral approach outlined by Hall and Moench (7). Although this approach DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 3-6 presumes symmetry with respect to the dimens~on norma-l to the vertical section, and is thus only an approximation, it is believed to provide a reasonable estimate of the relationship between variations in mainstem stage and groundwater levels. Similar ana~yses were carried out for groundwater temperature variations, by applying the convolution integral approach of Hall and Moench (7) to the coupled thermal and groundwater flow solution developed by Acres American (lY • . .• • <-: DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 3-7 4.0 RESULTS 4.1 HYDROGEOL~IC SETTING 4.1.1 Regional Geology The regional g~ologic setting of the Susitna River between Devil Canyon and Talkeetna has previously bee~ described in several works (6, 8, 10), and thos~ descriptions will not be repeated in detail here. However, basic characteristics of regional geology relevant to the present study are briefly discussed below for the sake of completeness. As described by R&M Consultants (10), " all sloughs along the riv~r are part of the modern floodplain of the Sus<i,tna River [which]· consists predominately of cobbly sandy gravels with silty mantles in areas between and adjacent to the main channels. Above and immediately adjacent to the modern floodplain lie a series of fluvial and glaciofluvial terraces deposited ••• following the later Wisconsin glaciations of Southcentral Alaska. The terrace deposits generally" consist of coarse sandy g~avels overlain by a few feet of sandy silt and silt overbank deposits~ •• The valley floors and side walls above the terraces· are thought to consist of glacial tills composed of gravel, sand and silt ••• Older ••• glacial and glaciofluvial drift may underlie the terraces ~nd modern floodplains. Bedrock underlies the unconsoiidated materials at an undetermined depth." A•.• ailable geologic mapping (13, 16) suggests that the unconsolidated fluvial and glaciofluvial deposits are confined to a very narrow interval ;,;.-long the river valley, with consolidated bedrock located on both sides· of the river between Devil Canyon and Talkeetna. Interpretation of aerial photographs suggests that the width of the valley-fill sediments in the reach between sloughs 11 (near Gol.d Creek) and 8A ~-~ relatively consistent, averaging approximately 3,000 feet. DRAFT 4/27/84. REV. 5/31/84 4-1 4.1.2 lnterE.retation of Aer~ ,!'_!lotographs The following discussion of the slough environment has been inferred from aerial photographs of the Susitna River and sloughs, at a scale of approximately 1 inch = 1000 feet, and various project reports. Sediroents in the river and slough regions consist of materials deposited within the active channel of the Susitna river (channel sediments) and materials. forming the valley walls (valley wall deposits)o Valley wall deposits may include bedrock, terrace deposits formed during past higher river levels, and till deposits, which reportedly cap the entire region. Side sloughs are generally found on the left descending bank, with mainstem flow generally, but not consistently, along the right descending bank. Side slough areas are generally well vegetated, except within the channel of the slough itself. Slough areas are generally contiguous with the valley wall area, although separated from the valley wall by the Alaska Rail Road which parallels the left descending ba·.1k of the Susitna River-between Gold Creek and Talkeetna. The photograph.; were inspected fo:r evidenc~ of uniformity in paleo-channel width, as m:i: ght be inferred from terrace or valley wall position. Lack of such unifvrmity could help expla.in any differences in hydraulic behavi'or among various sloughs. Ther~ was some consistency noted in channel width in the segment examined between Gold Creek and slough 8. At Gold Creek, the apparent paleo-channel widens substantially, perhaps as a result of Gold Creek flow and sediment contributions. The'river appears to have adjusted to a pattern lying between that of a braided stream and that of a meandering stream. Relatively steep valley walls, perhaps resulting from terraces, are observed on the south and east shores (left descending bank) while the north and west shores (right descending bank) appear from the photographs to exhibit' generally undulating topography, gently rising with distance from the river. However, field observations suggest that the right descending valley wall has about the same steepness as the left DRAFT 4/27/84 4-2 descending wall, particularly in the vicinity of slough 9. Many scars are evident in the channel fill materials forming the small islands and lowermost floodplains adjacent to the river. Vegetation is generally absent within these scars. These scars appeared to be dewatered at the time the phot~graphs were taken, but may convey water at high mainstem flows or as a result of staging during periods of freeze up or ice break up. Upwellings (groundwater discharge within the sloughs) may occasionally, but not consistently, be apparent on the photographs, as inferred from differences in color tone. Interpretation of aerial photography provides no discernible relationship among the locations of the areas of upwellings, and the river morphology, distribution of river sediments, or the floodplain configuration. At several sloughs there is a distinct boundary at the mouth of the slough, separating dark (probably clear, silt free) water discharging from the slough, from t~e gray (prc~~bly turbid) water of the mainstem. In some cases, a zone of mixing of these waters can be observed extending downriver within the mainstem. 4.1.3 Slough Runoff Estimates Oue .totential source of at least part of the discharge from individual !=lO.l.!.£h.; is direct precipitation on the drainage area of the slough. ,,.., Ba::>c·!l on preliminary studies, Trihey (12) concluded that local surface run0f~ may contribute a greater portion of the clear water flow to a side slough than does groundwater upwelling during the ice-free period of the yea~. However, there are also some side sloughs which depend predomiuantly on ~roundwater throughout the year (Trihey, 12). A more recent study o:E lo·cal runoff to selected sloughs has been .pP.rfo-r:::ed by R&M Consultants. A memorandum report on that study is reproduced in Appendix B. General conclusions for sloughs SA, 9, and 11 are summarized below. DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-3 Slough SA It appears that the basin of Slough SA will absorb significant amounts of precipitation following long dry periods, but could respond rapidly to larger events. Estimated baseflow to the slough for the period September 28-Dctober 3, 1983, was 1.5 cfs, approximately 10% of the total slough discharge during the period. Slough 9 . A high percentage of the discharge from Slough 9 during the period September 28-Qctober 3, 1983, can be attributed to local runoff. This indicates rapid response to precipitation within the drainage basin of the slough. The estimated baseflow to the slough during the period September 28-0ctober 3, 1983, was 5.73 cfs, about 48% of the total slough discharge during the period. Slough 11 Slough 11 had very little response to precipitation during 1983. Response of slough discharge appears closely related to mainstem flow i~ct:~s:tt:L.of to rrecipitation. 4~1-~ ~roundwater Underflow Estimates Based =~ estimates of aquifer properties (as discussed in more detail below) .. and the average downstream groundwat-:.-r level gradient within the Susitna R~ver Valley, an estimate has been made of the volumetric rate of groundwater transport in the downstream direction within the Susitna River alluvium. For an assumed hydraulic conductivity of 500 gallons per day (gpd) per square foot, a saturated thickness of 100 feet, an aquifer width of 3000 feet (including the active channel and the alluvial floodplain), and an average downstream groundwater level gradient of DRAFT 4/27/84 4-4 0.003, the average rate of downstrea., transpo.rt of groundwater would be about 0. 7 cubic feet per second (c fs). Eve·n. if this estimate is low by an order of magnitude, it would a.ppe·a.r that re,gional g.roundwater transport within the Susitna River alluvium wou.J.d not be· sufficient to provide all of the groundwater discharge appa.rent·ly observed in the various sloughs. This tends to support hypothe·ses that large proportions of the slough discharge may be derived fromshallow lateral flow from the river, or local runoff from tributary streams, rather than· regional groundwa.ter underflow within the Susitna River valley-fill materials ( Trihey, 12) .. A second possible source of groundwater upwelling within the sloughs would be regional groundwater transport toward the Susitna River valley througb the glacial till and sedimentary bedrock forming the valley walls. Although no local hydrologic data are available for these formations, an estimate of potential groundwater flow through them has been based on formation properties for similar materials reported in the literature, and estimates of the local hydraulic gradient and saturated aquifer thickness. Davis and DeWiest (5) have summarized formation properties for a wide variety of aquifer materials. They report typical hydraulic conductivity values of about 2 x 10-6 em/sec for glacial till, and about 8 x 10-6 for sedimentary bedrock. For purposes of. the present analysis, a value of 5 x 10-6 em/sec was assumed for the hydraulic conductivity of the valley wall materials. Although no data are available regarding depth to water wit'hin the valley wall materials, the groundwater level surface within natur.al materials generally reflects the land surface. Thus, the land surface slope toward the Susitna River valley, which averages about 0.3 in the vicinity of sloughs SA and 9, has been.taken as an approximation of the hydraulic gradient. Finally, the effective saturated thickness of groundwater flow through the valley wall materials toward the river has been assumed to be 500 feet. DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ·All of the above approximations and assumptions have been selected so as to provide an estimate of the maximum groundwater flow through the valley wall materials. Based on these assumptions, the potential groundwater inflow into the river valley from the adjacent valley walls would be about 2.5 x 10-S cfs per linear foot of valley length. This would provide about 0.2 cfs of discharge to either of sloughs SA or 9, and a total inflow of only 4 cfs to the entire Susitna River valley in the reach between sloughs 21 and SA. These estimates of the maximum potential inflow to sloughs SA and 9 from the valley wall materials are about an order of magnitude less than the inferred groundwater upwelling component of slough dischar·~e. as discussed below. These results again tend to support hypotheses that large proportions of slough discharge may be derived from shallow lateral flow from the river, or local runoff from tributary streams. Another aspect of groundwater underflow was considered by referring to the maps of groundwater contours at sloughs SA and 9 for various dates in 1982 presented by R&M Consultants (10, Figures 3.4 through 3.21). Assuming homogeneous and isotropic aquifer materials, groundwater flow lines were drawn normal to the water level contour lines shown on those maps. The flow lines suggested flow from a side channel of the river toward a portion of the right descending bank in the upper reaches of slough 8A (see, e.g., Exhibit 10), and toward slough 9B and a portion of the left descending bank in the upper reaches of slough 9. Assuming the same saturated thickness and hydraulic conductivity as noted above, the gro~Lldwater discharge through each inferred flow tube (see Exhibit 10) was calculated. By summing the discharges within the several flow tubes, an estimate was obtained of the total groundwater discharge to that reach of the slough fed by the several flow tubes. This was converted to a unit flow by dividing by the total length of slough bank at the terminus of ~11 of the flow tubes. Only limited discharge measurements were available for slough 8A in 1982. The R&M Consultants stage recorder was influenced ry backwater DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-6 effects from a beaver dam, and thus could not be used to reliably estimate slough discharge. ADF&G obtained three discharge measurements from slough SA in 1.982 (E.W. Trihey, personal communication, March 1984), but none was on a date for which groundwater level data.were measured. Consequently, the calculated unit flows (i .. e., discharge per length of slough bank) were compared with mainstem discharge at the Gold Creek gage for dates for which sufficient data were available to estimate the unit flows (Exhibits 11, 12). The upstream berm at Slough 8A is not believed to have been overtopped on any of these dates, since the mainstem discharge was less than. 30,000 cfs on each date. As can be seen from Exhibit 11, there is no obvious correlation between the discharge per unit bank length and the mainstem dis~harge. However, from Exhibit 12 it appears that there might be a time-series correlation with a possible lag of a few days between the two discharges (i.e., in early September, the unit slough discharge increases as the mainstem discharge increases, while in e~rly October a decrease in mainstem discharge is followed several days later by a decrease in unit slough discharge). However, no definite conclusions can be drawn from this very limited set of data. In order to be more definite, we would require more frequent (e.g. daily) measurement.of groundwater levels at enough points to prepare water-level elevation maps, so that variations in gr~undwater flow rates could be compared with mainstem stage or discharge. , Using a similar approach, estimates of the total groundwater discharge to slough~ 9 and 9A were compared with measured discharge from slough 9 for two dates on which both slough discharge had been calculated and groundwe~er level maps had been prepared. For June 23, 1982, when the mainstem-discharge at Gold Creek was 25,000 cfs and the slough 9 berm was overtopped, the estimated slough discharge was 1.44 c fs and the measured discharge was 180 c~s. For October 7, 1982, when the mainstem discharge at G~.lu Creek was 8,480 cfs, the estimated slough discharge was 1.43 cfs and the measured discharge was 1.0 cfs. No definite conclusions can be drawn from these limited observations, except that the approximate . calculated groundwater discharge towgrd slough 9 appears to be of the same order of magnitude as the observed discharge from the slough during conditions o.f relatively low flow on the mainstem. In order to be more DRAFT 4/27/84 Rt;V. 5/31/84 4-7 definite, we would require more frequent (e.go daily) measurement of both slough discharge and groundwater levels at enough points to prepare water-level elevation maps, so that variations in groundwater flow rates could be compared with slough discharge. 4.2 AQUIFER PROPERTIF& 4.2.1 ~lkeetna Pumping Test In March of 1981, a 100-foot deep well was constructed at the Talkeetna Fire Hall. A constant-rate pumping test of the w~ll was perfonned on March 10-11, 1981, by Dowl Engineering. The well was pumped at a constant rate of 310 gallons per minute (gpm) for a period of twenty-nine hours, and water levels were periodically measured in the well. Water levels in the pumping well stabilized within about an hour, and remained ~ssentially constant for the duration of the test. The pumping test data were obtained during a search of U.S.G.S. files in Anchorage. The data were plotted on semi-logari·t.hmic and full-logarithmic paper, and standard analyses were conducted (14, 15). The Ja·cob straight-line analysis of the se~i-logarithmic data plot (Exhibit 13) yielded ·a transmissivity of approximately 13,90' gpd/ft during the early period of the test, before stabilization of water levels in the well. The full-logarithmic data plot could not be matched by either the Theis or Hantush type curves, so no aquifer properties could be inferred in this manner. Assuming a saturated thickness of approximately 22 feet based on well log~~ the calculated transmi~sivity for this test would give a hydraulic ccnchrctivity of-apprc?Cimately 630 gpd/ft2. The ~Labilization of water levels in the pumped well indicates some kind of recharge to the tested aquifer, as a result of delayed yield from DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-8 ..,. ;I storage, leakage from overlying or underlying water-bearing units, or induced infiltration from the river. Well logs indicate that the unit tested is probably confined (artesian), so delayed yield from storage by gravity drainage is unlikely. The inability to match the field data with tbe Hantush leaky-~rtesian type·curves suggests that leakage is also relatively unlikely. The well is located approximately one-quarter to one-third mile from the river (Exhibit 9) • Thus, the ·most probable cause of the water-level stabilization is induced infiltration from the river, suggesting hydraulic connection between the aquifer and the river. However, the actual cause of this phenom~,on can be neither confirmed nor quantified because of the lack of observation well data during the testo 4.2.2 Talkeetna Specific Ca~acity Data Aquifer transmis·sivity. can also be estimated from specific capacity data (the ratio of total water level drawdown to pumping rate) collected during well drilling and testing. Such data are available for six wells in the Talkeetna area (see Exhibit 9), and have been obtained from U.S.G.S. files. Util.izing graphs· presented by Walton (14, 15), the estimated transmissivity determined f·rom these data ranges from 2,400 to 11,000 gpd/ft assuming water table conditions, and from 4,400 to 22,000 gpd/ft assuming artesian conditions. The results are summarized on Table 1. ;'~ ¥.•--:-.-:of the six wells for which specific capacity data are available are less Lhan 27 feet deep, and thus would be expected to exhibit water-table ccnai·Lions in this environment. The sixth well is that at the Talkeetna Fire Hall, which is 100 feet deep and screened in materials which would be .c:~?ected to exhibit artesian conditions during a relatively short specific capacity test. By dividing the estimated transmissivity by the origi.aal saturated thickness in each well, hydraulic conductivity values ranging from 167 to 1,000 gpd/frz are obtained, with a mean of 424 gpd/ft2 • This compares quite favorably with the value of 630 gpd/£t2 inferre~ from the pumping test data at the Talkeetna Fire Hall. DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-9 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 4.2.3 Slough 9 Surface ~ -Groundwater Correlation Attempts have be~n made to estimate aquifer properties from correlations of river stage and groundwater level variations at slough 9. The data, for the period May 23 to June 12. 1983, are presented in Appendix A. This is the only period for which surface water and groundwater levels were ~imultaneously monitored at adjacent locations appropriate for application of pub~ished techniques for inferring hydraulic conductivity. Th1~ data were analyzed according to methods described by Pinder et al. (9). However, the field data could not be matched to the theoretical type ~urves generated by the methods of Pinder et al. (9), regardless of the values assumed for aquifer properties. In general. the field data curves had substantially different slopes than the theoretical curves for all values of aquifer diffusivity (Exhibit 14). In particular, data from borehole 9-5 showed a more rapid rise early in time. but a substantially lower peak ~alue, than predicted by the theory (Exhibit 14). It appears that the hydrologic conditions affecting the wells near slough 9 are considerably different than those assumed in the theory. The theory is based on the assumption that all recharge to the aquifer during passage of a flood peak on the river is derived from lateral inflow from the river to the aquifer. At slough 9, it is possible that groundwater levels are also affected by regional water l•l~l variations, possibly by grc1~ndwater underflow originating far upriver from ~he slough or from the bedrock areas southeast of the slough, or by direct infilt£•tion of pre~·ipitation. Unfortunately, little precipitation data for the r~~;od Hay 23 -June 12, 1983, is available (see Appendix C). It is also pos;ible that the groundwater level data were affected by recharge both fro~·the mainstem and from the slough, since the slough 9 berm was ov~rtopped during much of the summer of 1983. During the period Hay 23-June 12, 1983, the mainstem discharge exceeded 23,000 cfs, and the upstream berm at slough 9 was presumably overtopped, on 9 of the 21 days DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/11/84 b-tn (each day of the period May 30-June 7, see Appendix D"). The beaver dam located near the mouth of slough 9B could also affect lncal groundwater conditions, particularly near borehole 9-5, by raising local groundwater levels and perhaps moderating the influence of variations in river stage. 4.3 DATA CORRELATIONS A variety of correlations between slough and mainstem data have been attempted. These have included merely comparing graphs of time-series data, plotting variables versus each other on linear, semi-logarithmic and full logarithmic paper, and utilizing a standard statistical analysis computer program to perform multiple linear regression and cross-correlation analyses of transformed and raw data. In general, the analyses conducted to date have employed mean daily values of relevant parameters. The more formal linear regression and cross-correlation analyses which have been conducted have used the MINITAB computer program developed at Pennsylvania State University. MINITAB is a general purpose statistical computing system, including recently-implemented rou~· ines for time series analysis based on techniques des~ribed by B0x and Jenkins (4). The -fairly ~1~~ usage of MINITAB, and its bases in standard statistical te~h-r:d rpu~s, confer a considerable degree of reJLiability on results of its .. • t • appJ..t.Cci&....L.Un. 4.3.1 Slou&Q Discharge Data A variety of correlations have been drawn between slough discharge data for sloughs 8A, 9, and 11 and several other parameters such as mainstem discharge~ mainstem stage, water temperature, and precipitation. No genf>,.::tl relg.tionships encompassing all the sloughs have been observed. In many important respects, the thr~e sloughs for which most data are available behave differently~ DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 _..,_..;4-11 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Provisional USGS mainstem disch~rge data are reproduced in Appendix D, and discharge data for sloughs BA, 9, and 11 are given in Appendix E. General relationships between slough and mainstem discharge are illustrated by Exhibits 15-17, which shew discharge versus time for the mainstem at Gold Creek (Appendix D) and for sloughs SA, 9, and 11 (Appendix E). There generally appears to be a correspondence at least between major peaks in the slough and mainstem discharge measurements. For example, the higher mainstem flows observed in early June, early August, aad late August are fairly well reflected in the data from sloughs 8A and 9 (Exhibits 15 and 16). However, the discharge at slough SA does not appear to reflect variations in mainstem flow between about June 5 and August S. Field observations indicate that slough 8A was not overtopped during the 19S3 open-water season, so these observed variations in slough 8A discharge may result largely from local storm runoff to tributary streams. The slough 9 discharge appears to correlate very well with even less significant variations in mainstem discharge. This would be expected, however. because the slough 9 berm was overtopped approximately half the time period reflected in Exhibit 16, so slough 9 actually acts as a side channel to the mainstem during much of thia period. Slough ll exhibits relatively little variation in discharge, but there does appear to be a good correspondence between variations in me~~ ... o:tem discharge and in Slough ll discharge (Exhibit 17). Piula of slough discharge versus mainstem discharge for the summer of 19S3 are presented in Exhibits lS-20. Linear regression equations for sel~~ted fits to the data are summarized on Table 2. Slough 8A discharge ~p~r.~rs generally not to be correlated with mainstem discha~ge (Exhibit lSa}. Since slough SA was reportedly not overtopped during this period of r•cord, the very high slough discharge values at mainstem discharge in exc~•~ of 35,000 cfs may merely represent dates of high storm runoff to • • '""···-~ 8A and its tributary streams. However. recent information suggests that slough 8A berms might in fact be overtopped at mainstem discharges in excess of 30,000 cfs (E.~. Gemperline, personal communication, Hay 19S4)). Removing such points from the linear regression.does not, however, improve the correlation (Exhibit lSa and Table 2). DRAFT 4/27/S4 REV. 5/31/84 4-12 Exribit 18b shows slough SA discharge versus mainstem· discharge for the period June 6 through August 7, 1983. This is a period during w-hich rela::.:ively little va::iation in slough discharge was observed (s.ee Exhibit 15). These data can be fit by a linear regression equation with relatively large R2 (coefficient of determination) if values of slough discharge grea.ter than 3 cfs are excluded.. The resulting regression line must not be considered too definitive, since it is based on excluding approximately one·-third of the data points. Exhibit 19a shows slough discharge versus mainsten1 discharge for slough 9. In general, there is no apparent single correlation which would apply to all the data. Exhibit 19b, however, shows slough 9 discharge versus mainstem discharge, excluding dates when the mainstem discharge exceeded 16,000 .cfs and the slough 9 upstream berm was overtopped (E.J. Gemperline, personal communication, May 1984). With the exception of two data points, there is an excellent correlation between these data. In contrast to the data for sloughs 8A and 9, a plCit of Slough 11 discharge versus mainstem discharge exhibits a linear form with a positive slope (Exhibit 20). This is consistent with observations that Slough 11 was not ove;rt(:>pped during the su~er of 1983 and receives very little storm runoff. Discharge from Slough 11 thus appears to be fairly di~e~tly related to mainstem discharge. In ge~~ral, utilizing MINITAB routines, the discharge at slough 11 corr~l~tes fairly well with m2instem discharge or stage, with correlation coefficients in excess of 90% for linear regressions with s laugh 11 disclan .. ·ge as the dependent variable. Multiple linear :regression involving parameters such as temperature or precipitation had only slightly higher correlation coefficients than when mainstem discharge or stage was the only independent variable. In contrast, linear regressions involving slough 8A discharge as the dependent variable exhibited correlation coefficients of the order of 25 -55%. Addition of other parameters increased the values of these correlation coefficients, but that may rE}present only the. effect of correlating two time series which DRAFT 4/27/84 ru:. v. 5 I 31/84 4-13 e~1 ibit similar seasonality in their variations. Linear regressions involving slough 9 discharge as the dependent variable exhibited correlation coefficients in the range of 65 to 90%. However, these regressions generally included mainstem discharge as an independent variable, without eliminating periods of overtopping, and thus are biased since slough 9 was overtopped during much of the summer of 1983. Cross-correlation analyses of time-series data did not indicate any significant time lags between mainstem and slough discharges. It is perhapz noteworthy that slough 11, whose discharge is most reedily correlated to that of the mainstem, is perhaps the simplest of the three sloughs studied in detail. The surface drainage area directly contributing to this slough is extremely small, so that slough discharge includes relatively little storm runoff. Furthermore~ the aerial photograph interpretation discussed above noted that the river valley seems to widen considerably at Gold Creek~ just above slough 11, and to maintain a fairly consistent width in the vicinity of sloughs SA through 11. Thus, it may be that groundwater recharge from the mainstem becomes substantially more significant below Gold Creek than above Gold Creek because of this change in morphology .. Th~ :-r~ear regression equations .for fits to the data shown on Exhibits J.8-2Q_are summarized on Table 2.. A few observations regarding those ~.: .... ct.!uCi~±·uns can be rrade. In the first place, both 1982 and 1983 data for .c:.J,I.:\'.!fh. 11 can be represented by essentially the same line. This tends to len~ credence ·to the linear regression fit to the data shown on Exhibit 20. Furthermore, the linear regr.ession fit· to the data shown on Exhibit · 18b, representing most of the data for the period June 6 through August 7, j983, at slough 8A, has appro~:imately the same slope as that shown on E~iibit 20. This suggests that the slough 8A discharge at very low flow .i ::-. ~lated to mainstem discharge in approximately the same way as is discharge at slough 11. Finally, the linear regression fit to the slough 9 data, excluuing periods of overtopping (Exhibit 19b), exhibits a relatively large coefficient of determination (R2 ), but a slope approximat~ly three times those of the best linear fits to data from sloughs 8A and 11. This suggests that slough 9, absent overtopping, DRAFT 4/27/84 REV • 5 I 31 I 84 .... ---4-14 responds more rapidly to variations in mainstem discharge than do sloughs 8A and 11. One possible explanation might be that, as a result of the extensive periods of overtopping, subsurface materials in the vicinity of s laugh 9 exhibit a higher degree of saturation and perhaps higher water variations . mainstem discharge are more readily tables, so that J.n translated int:o upwellings of groundwater within the slough, rather than just variations . groundwater levels. l.n 4.3.2 Seepage Meter Data Nine seepage meters were monitored at four different sloughs during the summer of 1983. Two meters were located at each of sloughs SA, 11, and 21, and three meters were located at Slough 9 (see Exhibit 2 for approximate locations). Each seepage meter consists of an open-bottomed container submerged within a slough and covering an area of slough-bottom . sediment. A bag attached to the container is evacuated, and the time required to fill the bag is measured. The rate of flow into the bag is taken as a measure of the rate of flow through the slough-bottom sediment into (or out of) the bottom of the container, as described by R&M Consultants (10). The seepage meter data collected during the summer of 1983 are summarized in Appendix F. Plots of measured seepage rate versus mainstem discharge -· ~r.::~presented on Exhibit£ 21-29 .. The seepage meter data are generally ~on.Sistent with the slough discharge correlations discussed above. The ~-=-.page rates at meters 8-l, 8-2, 9-1, 11-1 and 11-2 are generally poeitively correlated with mainstem discharge, although the data are sow~what scattered about the regression fits to the data except for those fro111 the slough 11 meters (Exhibits 21-23). However, seepage rates at me t~rs 9-2 and 9-3 seem to be uncorre l;3.ted with mainstem discharge (~~~~bits 24 and 25). At slough 11, the seepage rates at meters 11-1 and 11-2 a:r.e very well correlated with mainstem discharge (Exhibits 26 and 27). This tends to confirm the previous observations that upwelling at slough 11 is derived rather directly from mainstem recharge to the local groundwate~ aquifer. DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-15 Gil -·-·-' ~'"l I l .. J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Seepage meter data at slough 21 (Exhibits 28 and Z9) suggest that this slough is substantially different from those below Gold Creek. Seepage rates appear to be negatively correlated to mainstem discharge at meter 21-1, with seepage rates decreasing as mai~stem discharge increases. At seepage meter 21-2, there appears to be no correlation between seepage rates and mainstem discharge. At slough 21, the river valley is narrower and the valley walls somewhat steeper than further downstream. Thus, a relatively high proportion of the groundwater discharge at this slough may originate from infiltration of precipitation on the surrounding uplands, or recharge from the river relatively far upstream from the slough, rather than groundwater underflow from the river immediately adjacent to the slough. lf groundwater discharge at Slough 21 did originate as recharge from the river relatively far upstream from the slough, then seepage rates at the slough would be expected to correlate well with mainstem discharge, with a time lag reflecting the travel time from the river to the slough. In order to confirm such a hypothesis, it would be necessary to monitor seepage rates on a more frequent basis than has been done to date, for example on a daily basis, prefeTably during a period of rapidly rising river stage. 4.3.3 Temperatu:e B!!! Analyses of temperature data have been limited to considering plots of daily mean temperatures at various points, primarily using 1983 data. Limited plots of slough temperature versus mainstem temperature have also been made. These analyses have used provisional 1983 temperature data provided by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. These data are subject to revision, and some error may even have been introduced during our reduction of the data. Nonetheless, it is believed that the present data are sufficient to illustrate general trends in the water temperature data, and thus support the following discussion. At slough SA, data are primarily available from intragravel and surface water measuring points at the middle and in the upper reaches of the slough (E~ibits 30 and 31). The intragravel data from different points DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-16 sho"' essentially the same behavior, with temperatures· gradually rising from about 3°C in early May to about 5° C,in late July, and then fairly rapidly falling to about 4° in late August (Exhibit 31) ). Temperatures in the middl4~ of the slough are generally higher than those at the upper end of the slough, except in the latt~r half of July. The intragravel temperatures generally appear to be subdued reflections of · the surface water tempe~atures at corresponding points. However, surface water temperatures for the middle of the slough exhibit greater variations, rising as high as 14° C in late July (Exhibit 3lb). Surface water temperatures at the upper end of the slough only rise to about 7.5 °c, but show the same general trends as at the middle of the slough. Since this slough was reportedly not overtopped during the 1983 period of temperature record analyzed, the high temperatures observed in the surface water at the middle of the slough can probably be attributed to solar heating, rather than surface water discharge as a result of. overtopping. It should also be noted that the maximum surface water temperature at river cross-section LRX 29 during the summer of 1983 was also about 14 °C in late July, comparable to the maximum slough surface water temperature ,(Exhibit 3lb). At slough 9,-data are available for surface water and intragravel ~c~~uring f~ints within the slough, surface water and intragravel meRsuring ~oint·s on the mainstem, and from three groundwater wells t E .... 1-; b;t 3 ... \ ' .w.~.... ..... .... , • The mainstem temperatures, as well as the surface water temperatures within the slough, show essentially the same behavior: winter te~peratures are near zero; temperatures begin to increase in mid-May and reach maximums of about 13° in late June, and persist through July; temperatures then fall to near zero by late September. Mainstem intragravel temperatures (not plotted on Exhibit 32) are similar to the surface water.temperatures, with the intragravel temperature ~bout a degre:; :. _:.;her than the surface water temperature at the mainstem during late Septt:wl>er and October of 1983. In contrast, the intragravel measurements at slough 9 remain essentially constant at about 3.5°c from mid-March through late August, with temperatures exceeding 4°c on only two o~casions, and falling to 3° only once (Exhibit 32b). DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-17 I I I I I I I I I - I I I I I The groundwater data (Exhibit 32a) show considerably more variation than the slough intragravel data (Exhibit 32b). At borehole Q-lA, which is nearest to the river, temperatures reached a low of about 2.5 ° in late February, and then rose to over 5° in early September. At borehole 9-5, near slough 9B, temperatures fell from 4° in early January to 2.5° during April, and then rose to about 5.5° in early October before again falling. At borehole 9-3, temperatures were relatively stable, varying between 3.5° and 4.5°. However, in general, during the winter period January to May, temperature variations in 9-3 were opposite those in the other two wells, rising when they were falling, and vice versa. During the summer, temperatures in all three wells generally rose (Exhibit 32a). ln very general terms, the groundwater temperatures at slough 9 app~~r to be very subdued reflections of surface water temperatures in the vicinity of slough 9, with peak groundwater tempe~atures lagging peak surface wat~r tempe~atures by two to four months. However, it has not been determined ~hether the groundwater tem~eratures actually"reflect changes due to the infiltration of river water into aquifer materials, or whether the ground~=ter merely reflects seasonal variations in parameters such as a1r temperature or solar radiation. lntragravel temperatures in Slough 9 appc~= to ; -: independent of the groundwater temperatures. No attempt has been made to isolate periods of overtopping 1n analyzing the temperature data for slough 9. The slough 9 surface water temp~raLures appear to be essentially the same as the mainstem surface water t~~?eratures for the period May through August, 1983 {Exhibit 32b). The slough 9 intragravel temperatures appear to be independent of the mainstem or slough surface water temperatures (~~hibit 32b). Ground••tar temperatures appear to vary somewhat with changes in mainstem or c:l~"'":Oli temperatures. However, the attenuative capacity of the groundwater regime is probably sufficient to mask any effects of overtopping, and thus invalidate any attempts to isolate such effects. DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 I At slough 11, data are available for surface water and intragravel I measuring points within the slough, and surface water measuring points on the mainstem (Exhibit 33). The intragravel temperature within the slough I is rather uniform, increasing slightly from· about 3°e in January to I I I I 3.5°e in early May, and then remaining essentially constant through late August. The surface water temperature within the slough is approximately the same as the intragravel temperature through late April, but then increases and varies between 5 and 7°c from May through August. There is no apparent relationship between mainstem and slough water temperatures, in striking contrast to the fairly strong correlation between mainstem and slough discharge at slough 11. At slough 21, data are available for surface water and intragravel measuring points on the mainstem and at the mouth and in the upper I reaches of the slough (Exhibit 34). lntragravel temperatures at the mouth of the slough were approximately constant at 3.5°e from January I through April, then gradually ~ncreased to almost 4°e by late August (Exhibit 34a). lntragravel temperatures in upper reaches of the slough I I I I I I I I I I varied around 3°e from January through April, but then increased to about 6.5°e from early June through mid-August, with considerable temperature variation (Exhibit 34b). In the upper reach of slough 21, int~~~r,vel temperatures were essentially the same as surface water temrA~ctures at comparable points. Near the mouth of the slough, surface water Lemperatures varied considerably, while intragravel temperatures remain~~ essentially constant (Exhibit J4a). Mainstem intragravel temper~tures were generally higher than surface water temperatures (Exhibit 34a). 4.4 Analytical Models LimiteJ mathematical modeling of groundwater levels and temperatures has been performed during this study. No attempt was made to actually simulate groundwater discharge to the sloughs, or the temperature of such discharge. The basic objective of this modeling was to investigate the rate at which changes in mainstem stage or temperature might be DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-19 I I propagated toward the sloughs through the groundwater regime. To this end, some simple one-dimensional analytical models were applied. I 4.4.1 Groundwater~ Variations I I I I As described by Hall and Moench (7), flow and head variations in stationary linear stream-aquifer systems can be simulated by application of the convolution integral. Head fluctuations in a semi-infinite aquifer due to an arbitrarily varying flood pulse on the stream can be expressed as an integral involving the stream stage and various aquifer properties. The integral solution can then be expressed in approximate form by a finite series which is convenient for computer evaluation. In its simplest form, the solution p~esented by Hall and Moench (7) can I be expressed as follows: I I I I I I I I I I I 4: h(x,t) • JF('?')U(x, t -'t"'')d"t, D where h(x,t) is the groundwater elevation at distance x from the stream and at timet since the simulation began; F(t)•H(t), the river stage at Lim~ t; and U(x,t), the instantaneous unit impulse response function of Ua 11 and Moench (7) , is given by (2) (1) wn~reOlis the aquifer diffusivity, given by the ratio of transmissivity ~~ ~torage coefficient. Equation (1) can be approximated by the finite . ( "}1(x,t)~ 2 F(k)U[x, (i-k+U.Ot] L)t .. :: Je-t DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-20 (3) A computer program has been written to evaluate equation (3) for a variety of values of the input parameterso In general, it has been assumed that the aquifer hydraulic conductivity is 500 gpd/ft2 , aquifer thickness is 100 feet, and the storage coefficient varies bet~een 0.0002 for artesian conditions and 0.2 for water table conditions. Exhibit 35 shows the simulated groundwater level as a function of time at various distances from the river. The surface water hydrograph utilized was the ~ater level at the Susitna River sidechannel above slough 9 for the time period May 25 through June 10, 1983 (Appendix A). Five data points per day were interpolated from graphs of the side channel stage during that period. The observed water level variations at boreholes 9-lA and 9-5 have also been plotted on Exhibit 35~ It is interesting to note that the observed groundwater levels are most closely matched by simulated curves for artesian conditions (Exhibit 35a), rather than water . table conditions (Exhibit 35b). However, the data for borehole 9-lA, located about 700 feet from the river, are most closely matched by the simulated'water level at a distance of about 2000 feet from the river, while the data for boreho~e 9-5, located about 1500 feet from the river, are mof;rt closely matched by the simulated water level at a distance of about 1000 feet from·the river. As noted previously, water levels at buLehole 9-5 are probably affected by slough 9B and the beaver dam at·the · mouth of 9B, and thus would not be expected to readily fit the present Ln~OLJ• These resul~s suggest that the groundwater aquifer in the vici~:i.!::!J· of borehole 9-lA may behave somewhat as an artesian aquifer rath~t· than a water table aquifer. However, logs of wells in the vici~i~y of slough 9 presented by R&M Consultants (10) indicate water table cuuditions. It is possible that local overbank silt deposits or relatively thin layers of fine-grained materials may act to partially confluc. ~oarser water-:-beari:ng layers in the area, thus resulting in loc.·d .. i:-·~d or short-term hydraulic behavior as an artesian aquifer. DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 4-21 Exhibits 36 through 39 show the simulated groundwater level as a function of distance away from the river for various times and various values of aquifer diffusivity. These figures generally illustrate that as diffusivity gets larger (i.e., the storage coefficient gets smaller), the effects of variations in river stage are more rapidly propagated into the aquifer toward adjacent sloughs. For example, Exhibit 39 shows that for fully artesian conditions, small variations in river stage could be very quickly transmitted, as a pressure wave, a distance of over 4000 feet into the· aquifer within one day. Thus, fQr fully a::-tesian conditions, changes in river stage could influence groundwater upwelling to the sloughs almost instantaneously. On the other hand, Exhibit 36 suggests that for water table conditions, variations in river stage might not have an appreciable effect on groundwater conditions except very near the river. Consequently, under water table conditions, variations in river stage might not be expected to significantly affect average groundwater upwelling to the sloughs unless the areas of_upwelling were relatively near the river. 4.4.2 Temperature ~riations Groundwater temperature variations have been considered by a process simil.n-::··~o that used to analy~e water level variations. Acres American (1) pr~c'!nted an analysis of coupled thermal and groundwater flow for a sL:.\5:c ~.::fuare-wave temperature pulse representing the average river water temp_e,-;.qture. By applying the convolution integral approach of Hall and Moench (7), the analysis of Acres American (1) can be extended to .cnn~ide~ shorter time frame variations in river temoerature. . . DRAFT 4/27/84· REV. 5/31/84 4-22 Equation (1) can again be applied, with F(t) now being g~ven by the river Acco ·,.ding to Hall and Moench (7), the instantaneous water temperature. L unit impulse response function U(x,t) can be derived from the unit step response function P(x,t) by differentiation with respect to time. P(x,t) is essentially the solution given by Acres American (1), T (x, t) = 0.5 erfc [(x-v t)/2(Dt)112 J r (4) where T(~,t) is the groundwater temperature at time t and distance x away from the river due to a unit step increase in river water temperature (1); vr is the average retarded velocity of the mean temperature, which accounts for heat exchange between the groundwater and the soil skeleton of the aquifer {1); and D is the coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion, which accounts for the temperature dissipation as a result of mechanical dispersion during transport through the porous medium (1). Results of this analysis genera~ly confirmed the results of the similar study performed by Acres American (1): as a result of heat transfer and mechanical dispersion during flow through the groundwater regime, short-term variatlons in river temperature are rapidly damped. Consequently, by the time groundwater has .traveled from the river to a nearby slough, its temperature could easily be approximately equal to the "" mean annual river temperature. This conclusion is consistent with the obs~~¥ations noted previously that slough intragravel temperatures, which proh~bly represent the ~temperature of upwelling groundwater, are rel~~ively constant throughout the year, and are approximately equal =o mean.~nnual river water temperature. Consequently, long-term changes in the mean annual river water temperature would probably result in changes in the heat input to the aquifer, and thus changes in the upwelling groundwater temperat~re. DRAFT 4/27 /8!4 REV. 5/31/84 4-23 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study do not permit a single model to be formulated which can describe the discharge and temperature variations which are observed at each of the various sloughs studied. The.hydraulic and thermal behavior of each slough i~ substantially different from that of the other sloughs studied.' The discharge at slough 11 seems to correlate very well with mainstem discharge, while the discharge at slough 9 is largely controlled by mainstem overtopping of the berm and the discharge at slough SA may be complicated by factors such as surface runoff and groundwater underflow from sources other than the mainstem of the Susitna Rivere However, where it has been possible to remove the effects of some of these complicating factors and isolate attention on only the groundwater upwelling contribution to slough discharge, fairly .good correlations between slough discharge and mainstem dis,charge have been observed. In very general terms, based o.n available information, it appears that variations in the groundwater contribution to slough discharge at sloughs SA, 9, and 11 might be reasonably represented by 0.0001 to 0.00035 of corresponding variations in mainstem discharge at Gold Creek.· R~gardJ~ss of the complicating factors affecting discharge from each slough, tl.-··z:·.·.;.:ilable data suggest that the temperature of upwelling groundwater T.'P'!l~":':jn .• -:_-fairly constant throughout the year, at a t-e!aperature approximately equ~l to the mean annual (time-weighted, not discharge~weighted) mainstem tem:-~-r,ft.ture. This study has tended to confirm previous conclusions that heat exchauge between groundwater and soil materials, and mechanical dispersion during.~roundwater transport through the aquifer, are reasonable mechanisms to account ·-for the obser:ved groundwater temperatures. 5.2 EFFECTS OF PROJECT OPERATION The results of the present study do not permit any detailed projections to be made of the slough discharge or temperature variations which might result;: from changes in mainstem conditions as a result of project operation. Because of DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 5-1 •... the substantial differences among the sloughs in their hydraulic and thermal behavior, it might be necessary to construct mathematical models of each individual slough in order to make detailed predictions of the effeets on the sloughs of changes in mainstem conditions. This could require extensive additional field studies at each slough, and additional office analyses. However, some general conclusions can be drawn based on the results of this study. Some sloughs, such as slough 11, will probably respond fairly directly to changes in mainstem discharge. Slough 11 is generally characterized by a lack of tributary streams and rare overtopping of its upstream berm. Sloughs with similar environmental features might be expected to respond similarly to changes in mainstem discharge. Slough 11 discharge is correlated f~irly well with mainstem discharge, so any long-term increase or decrease in mainstem discharge could result in a similar increase or decrease in average slo·ugh discharge. Any such relationship for slough 11 could be approximated by the linear regression fit to the data presented in Exhibit 20, but the scatter in those data might result in fairly wide error bounds. Some sloughs, such as slough 9 during the summer of 1983, are overtopped durii.rg much of the time as a result of high river stage or ice staging. Such ~::r..:.~~hs might be effectively considered as side channels of the river, rather th~r._sloughs, during such periods. To the extent that the mainstem flow which -wil: -'result in overtopping of the berms of a particular slough is known, prOJP~tions of project flows can be used to estimate what proportion of the time such sloughs will carry predominantly mainstem flow (at mainstem temperatures), rather than groundwater discharge. However, project flow conditions will be characterized by lower than normal summer o-Jischarge, and hi z~c,.. than normal winter discharge, so the frequency of overtopping will be red!ii..:.,i. Slough 9 discharge under pr"oject conditions might be estimated from .ap;:n ... 1 .... iate curve fits to the data presented in Exhibit 19. Most sloughs will proba.bly be similar to slough 8A in that it will not be ?Ossible to separately determine each factor contributing to the discharge of the slo.ugh. without conducting additional field investigations at each· such DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 5-2 slough. It is probable, however, that for sloughs wh.ich are EaS complicated as slough 8A, the c~ntribution to slough discharge as a result of groundwater underflow originating at the river will be small enough that project variations in mainstem discharge wil.l not significantly affect the slough discharge under most conditions. However, it is not possible with present information to either confirm oT quantify any such relations. A complete water balance for the slough would be required, including estimates of storm runoff to the slocgh, based on studies similar to those discussed in Appendix B. Temperatures of groundwater discharge to the sloughs appear to be reasonably approximated by the mean annual {time-weighted) river temperature. It is likely that any variations in mean annual river temperature as a result of project operation will also result in a similar change in the temperature of groundwater upwelling to the sloughs, to the extent that such upwelling is deri.ved from the mainstem (e.g., as is probably the case at slough 11). Similarly, for sloughs such as slough 9, which may be more frequently . overtopped, any changes in mainstem temperature will also result in similar changes in the mainstem flow which is diverted down the slough during overtopping. This could ind1,,ce downwelling of river water during overtopped periods, which would have some influence on the average temperature of g.~. ·Y . .r~-:--~ .... -~."ter which is discharged to the slough. However, as noted above, 0'71-:rt . .op.~ng will be much less frequent during project operation than under pr~.:·.;;!.l"i: · :£Ond:j.tions .. 5. 3 RECOM.t-'iENDATIONS Results of the present study have provided some preliminary.conclusions r-egardin.g relationships between mainstem discharge and temperature variations and corresponding variations in -groundwater upwelling rates ·and temperatures in selected Susitna River side sloughs. The recommended studies described below are designed, to strengthen and refine these preliminary c:onclusionso DRAFT 4/27/84 REV., 5 I 31/ 8l~v 5-3 5.3.1 Additional Field Studies One additional field study which might provide significant additional information with a relatively small investment of project resources would be additional attempts at aquifer testing, utilizing existing wells. Available data indicates that no successful aquifer testing has been conducted at any of the project well locations on the Susitna River below Devil Canyon. Falling head permeability tests were reportedly attempted at the deeper wells at slough 9, but the tests were not successful because of the high permeability of the material tested. Successful testing of these wells might require sustained pumping or injection at a relatively high rate for a period of several hou=s or days. This would require the use of pumping equipment, electrical generating equipment to operate the pump, and probably fuel for a generator. Such aquifer tests, or additional attempts at falling head tests, constant head tests, or similar in-situ permeability testing, could help confirm the nature of local aquifer materials (e.g., water table or partially confined) and quantify the degree of hydraulic connection between the river and the groundwater aquifer. Such knowledge could help r~fine present estimates of the rates at which changes in mainstem hydraulic or thermal river conditions are propagated through the groundwater regime toward the sloughs. Water levels in existing deep wells and in selected shallow wells should continue to be monitored at slough 9, along with open-water stages on the maiustem, side-channels and sloughs. Using the results from the aquifer te~t-.ing and water level monitoring, estimates can then be made of the Lht(;retical temporal variations of groundr.Jater flow into slough 9. The e~t~mates can be verified by conducting a water balance study of slough 9. Pracipitation can be measured at the Sherman Station, with accumulating prer·i~ita~ion cans located at other portions of the basin in order to d~~~-;·;:-.uine the spatiaL distribution of precipitation, including orographic -ef ... ·.:":.f"s. Evaporation can be estimated from data gathered at Watana Camp. Stre~mflow should be continuously monitored in the slough and in the tributary. which enters slough 9 approximately halfway upstream from the mouth. Frequent discharge measurements should be made to establish reliable rating curves. Additional seepage meters might also be installed in both slough 9 and ~lough 11 to detezmine·the relationship between seepage rates and mainstem discharge DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 5-4 at Gold Creek. Frequent readings should be made at each seepage meter, so that variations in seepage rates can be compared with variations in mainstem and slough discharge. All visible upwelling locations should also be mapped. Collection of contemporaneous samples of river water, groundwater from wells, slough intragravel water, and slough surface \vater might be made. Analysis of Sfomples should be conducfed for major anions ·and cations (Ca, Mg, Ks Na; Cl, so4 , co 3 , HC0 3 ), as well as parameters significant to salmon spawning and incubation (e.g., temperature, DO, conductivity). Monthly sampling for several months is suggested, to ascertain trends (at least during the summer season). The objectives of these analyses would be to seek water quality parameters other than temperature which may be diagnostic of the rate of groundwater transport from the mainstem and the amount of groundwate}: discharge to sloughs. 5.3.2 Additional Data Analyses Analyses discussed in this report should be continued and refined, once final 1983 data reports have been prepared. It is recommended that additional analyses should concentrate on removing the effects of overtopping from slough 9 discharge data, and refining estimates of storm runoff to sloughs 8A and 9. In this manner, groundwater contributions to slough discharge can be more accurately estimated, and compared with mainstem discharge records. The 1983 groundwater data presented in Appendix G should be reassessed in light of refined estimates of groundwater discharge to slough 9. If possible, those data should be supplemented by estimates of surface water stage in the side channel near borehole 9-lA, as well as in slough 9B and slough 9 near the mouth of slough 9B, in order to help clarify groundwater level variations in response to surface w~ter fluctuations. The environment of critical habitat sloughs should be reviewed in order to identify those sloughs which are characteri~ed by factors such as frequent overtopping or significant tributary inflow. Such classification of sloughs can help g~ide the amount of emphases to be place on proposed additional studies. DRAFT 4127184 REV • 5 I 31 I 84 5-5 REFERENCES REFERENCES TITLES ~------------------------~~~-------------------------- 1. Acres American Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Project, Slough Hydrogeology Report," prepared for Alaska Power Authority, March 1983 • 2. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, "Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies, Phase II Basic Data Report, Volume 4: Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Studies, 1982. Appendix C -Temperature Data," 1983. 3. Alaska Department·of Fish and Game, "Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies, Phase II Data Re~ort, Winter Aquatic Studies (October, 1982-May, 1983). Appendix A-Continuous Surface and Intragravel Temperatures," 1983. 4. Box, G.E.Pe, and G.M. Jenkins, Time Series Analysis, Revised Edition, Holden Day Publishing Company, 1976. 5. Davis, S.N., and R.J.M. De Wiest, Hydrogeology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1966. 6~ Freethey, G.W., and D.R. Scully, "Water Resources of the Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska," U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-620, 1980. · 7. Hall, F.R., and A.F. Moench, "Application of the Convolution Equation to Stream-Aquifer Relationships,u Water Resources Research, Vol; 8, No. 2, April 1972. 8. Pewe, T.L., "Quaternary Geology of Alaska," u.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 835, 1975. 9 .. ~Pinder, G.F., J.D. Bredehoeft, and H.H. Cooper,Jr., "Determination of ::;· Aquifer Diffusivity from Aquifer Response to Fluctuations in River Stage,ar }·1a~ Resources Research, Vol. 5, No. 4, August 1969 • •... 10. ~..WM Consultants Incorporated, "Susitna Hydroelectric Project, Slough Hydrology Interim Report," prepared for Acres .American Incorporated, December 1982. 11. Trihey, E.W., 11 1982 Winter Temperature Study,u prepared for Acres American Inc., Buffalo, N.Y., June 1982. 12 • Trihey, E. W. , "Pre 1;;e-minary Assessment of Access by Spawning Salmon to Side Slough Rabitat above Talkeetna," prepared for Acres American Inc., Buffalo, N.Y., November 1982. 13. Tuck, R., "The Curry District, Alaska, .. u.s .. Geological Survey Bulletin 857-C, 1934 .. DRAFT 4/27/84 REV .. 5 I 31 I 84 ·. 14. Walton, WoC., "Selected Analytical Methods for Well and Aquifer Evaluation," Illinois State Water Survey Bulletin 49, 1962~ 15. Walton, W.C., Groundwater Resource Evaluation~ McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1970. 16. Weber, F.~., "Reconnaissance Engineering Geology for Se lect~~un of Highway Rop.te from Talkeetna to McGrath, Alaska," U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1961. DRAFT 4/27/84 REV. 5/31/84 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I r •• I; r: TABLES TABLE 1. TRANSMISSIVITY ESTIHA·~ES BASED ON SPECIFIC CAPACITY DATA FOR TALKEETNA WELLS WILL WELL REPORTED SPECIFIC DESIGNATION( l) DEPTH Sft~ CAPACITY (l2!lft~ A(2) li' 6.0 6.76 B 16 2.65 c 16 2.14 D 100 11.5 E 24 3.33 ' 26 3.33 NarES: (1) See Exhibit 9 for approximate locationa. (2) Two teata for Well A. (3) Ba1ed on Walton (13, 14) PUMPING PERIOD-~bra) 4 16 8 16 2 2 2 1£AN VALUES (4) S • aaau .. d atoraae coefficient for aquifer condition noted. 10.200 14,000 5,000 4.400 22,000 5,400 5;400 9.500 ------.. 6',400 1,000 2,600 2,400 ll,OOO 2,500 1;508 5,100 SLOUGH YEAR SA 1983 1983 19'83 9 1983 1.1 1982 1983 21 1982 .. .. ,. ~ • 11 TABLE 2. LINEAR REGRESSION EQUATIONS FOR SLOUGH DISCHARGE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE ,.. .. _. ...... . I REGRESSION EQUATION * R2 EXHIBIT ** COMHENTS s = -3.81 + 0.000525 G O.lOJ 1.8a A11 data points s = 5.04 + 0.000040 G 0.002 18a Excluding G > 30~000 (8 data points) s = -0 .. 629 + O.Q00128 G 0.632 l8b June 6 through August 7 only; excluding s )-3 (20 data points) s = 1.97 + 0.000351 G 0.80.5 l9b Excluding dates when upstream berm overtopped (G ~ 1.6,000); exc1uding S7 8 (2 data points) s = 2.16 + 0 • (!)0 0 10 5 G 0.1+97 None All data points s = 1.52 + 0.000102 G 0.765 20 All data points s = -7.55 + 0.00105 G 0.542 None All data points Notes: * S = Slough Discharge, cfs; G = Mainstem Discharge at Gold Creek• cfs. ** Refers to exhibit where linear regress ion fit is di'splayed. I I I I I EXHIBITS I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I L - II II II I. I I I I I I I I I I I I I . I 0 .......... .... . . . .SOURCE: MODIFIED FROM ADF&G ( 2 ) 0 1 .· 10 MILES (APPROX. SCALE) EXHIBIT 1. LOCATIONS OF PRINCIPAL SLOUGH STUDY SITES, 1982-1983. I SOURCE: MODIFIED FROM TRIHEY (11) I I I I I Fourlh or July Cteek I I I I I I I I I I I II Direction ·) of Flow Sherman Creek Indian River I Devil Canyon: 7 River Miles 0 I 1 J MILES (APPRO:K.. SCALE) LEGEND: Direction of Flow 11-1 • STAGE RECORDER ~ SEEPAGE METER I £.....--EX-H_I_B IT 2. APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF DATA COLLECTION PQ;NTS - STAGE RECORDERS AND SEEPAGE METERS. I SOURCE: MODIFIED FROM TRIHEY (11) I I I I I Fourlh or July Cteek I I I I I I I I I I I II Direction ·) of Flow Sherman Creek Indian River I Devil Canyon: 7 River Miles 0 I 1 J MILES (APPRO:K.. SCALE) LEGEND: Direction of Flow 11-1 • STAGE RECORDER ~ SEEPAGE METER I £.....--EX-H_I_B IT 2. APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF DATA COLLECTION PQ;NTS - STAGE RECORDERS AND SEEPAGE METERS. I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I SOURCE: MODIFIED FROM TRIHEY (11) Fourlh of July Creek Sherman Creek Indian Rivet Direction . ) of Flow AM Oevi! Canyon: 7 River Miles 0 1 J MILES (APPROX. SCALE) LEGEND Oir!'C'Iion of Flow tt WATER SURFACE ELEVATION MEASURING POINT EXHIBIT 3. APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF DATA COLLECTION POINTS - WATER SURFACE ELEVATIONS. • i . ' l ' . ... SOURCE: MODIFIED FROM TRIHEY (11) Fourth of July Creek Direction of Flow RM Sherman Creek LEGEND • Devil Canyon: 7 River Miles . Direction of Flow 0 I 1 J MILE1·; (APPROX. \)CALE) -<:Gold Creek Base Camp .. EXHIBIT 4. APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF DATA COLLECTION POINTS - SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURE, SUMMER 1982. ~-------------------------------------------------------------- I I I I I I I I I I I I I SOURCE: }fODlFI ED FROM TRIHEY (11) Fourth of July Cteek Sherman Creek Indian River Direction ·l · of Flow RM LEGEND. • D!!vil Canyon: 7 r:tiver Miles Direction of Ffow 0 I 1 J MILES (APPROX. SCALE) SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURE MEASURING POINT EXHIBIT 5. APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF DATA COLLECTION POINTS - SURFACE WATER TEMPERATIJRE, WINTER 1982-1983. I SOURCE: MODIFIED FROM TRIHEY (II) Sherman Creek Indian Rhrer Direction ·) of Flow AM Talhetna: 2S River Miles LEGEND • Devil unyon: 7 Ri11er Miltt 0 ' 1 I MILES (APPROX. SCALE) I Direction of Flow SURFACE WATER TDIPERA TURE MEASURING POINT EXHIBIT 6. APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF DATA COLLECTIO:S POINTS - SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURE, SIJ}1!1ER 1983. I ~ ''l \ ! 0 1000 \ LEGEND: j • • OBSERVATION WELLS • FEET (APPROX SCALE), @' CONTROLLING BERMS __, STREAMBED SOURCE: HODIFIED FROM R&M (10) J ! EXHIBIT 7. LOCATIONS OF OBSERVATION WELLS AT SI..OUGII SA. ------------------- LEGEND: e OBSERVATION WELLS OBS~RVATION WELLS WITH DATAPOD RECORDERS ~ CONTROLLING BERMS tJ) CLIMATE STATION .._ STREAMBED ·. EXHIBIT 8. LOCATIONS OF OBSERVATION WELLS AT SLOUGH 9. 0 1000 FEET (APPROX SCALE) SOURCE: MODIFIED FROM R&H (10) 0 1 '-1 _____ __J MILES (.APPROX SCALE) NOTE; LETTERS REFER TO TEST DATA SUMMARIZED ON TABLE 1 LEGEND: • EXHil\IT 9. APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF TALKEETNA WELLS. WELL WITH DRILLERlS LOG WELL WITH SPECIFIC CAPACITY TEST DATA .. WELL WITH PUMPING TEST DATA 0 l 1000 I FEET (APPROX SCALE) SOURCE: SIKETCH NAP AND GR,OUNDWATER ELEVATION CONTOURS FROM R&M CONSULTANTS (10) EXHIBIT 10. GROUNDWATER CONTOURS AND FLOW PATHS, INFERRED GROUNDWATER FLOW PATH FLOW TUBE SUSITNA RIVER AT SLOUGH 8A. , Legend • observation well .. 600 11 groundwater elevation Date: 9-20-82 QGC: 24,000 ~ j ~ ..,. ·.-·-\ t: ., , . <.. 2 -------------------~,--~---------------T-------------------- 0 0 0 0 • • 0 . .• 0 ~~---------------~~------------------~~------------------~ 0 . 10 20· .· 30 MAlNSTEM DISCHARGE AT GOLD CREEK '(l03 c,fa). EXHIBIT 11. ,(;ROUNDWATER DISCHARGE VS. MAINST~M DISCHARaE» ..SLOUGH 8A IN 198~. ' 1.8 ~ I I ' -' -G) --0 - - - -J.SC\ll\RG'E-. ' ~· 0 / ' --V1A'I'ER D . ~ / AA--' r..ROUND ' _ .... -- ' / ' -I > / ' 1---3 I " ' 1. 6 tr1 20 ::d \ / ' ' I t1 / ' ' H (f) / I ~1t!'~ ' () ,-.... . / I ~ (I) / '(!'~ ~ '~~ G) u / I tr1 M / ,~& 1.4 1-d o. . /. ~ r--f ------------0 ,, ...._, ~ I 'S!· ~ f.tl I ' H w H ~ I ' b:J u > A I ' z t-1 10 ~ 0 '· t-' t-1 I ' tr1 ~ z ~ I 0-G) ---tcl f.tl --t-' ...... ~ .._ I -........ ,-.... ........ ....... ....._ '-.ttf 0 u I (f) ~ H 0 n ~ H-1 (I) f.tl ............ ~ Hl {J) rt z ...._, H ~ 0 0.8 9/5· 9/10 9/15 9/20 9/25 9/30 10/5 10/10 1982 EXHIBIT 12. GROUNDWATER DISCl~RGE AND MAINSTEM DISCPu~RGE VS. TIME, SLOUGH 8~, SEPT-OCT 1982. 1 10 100 1000 30 T = 264 Q/As = transmissivity 31 Q = 310 gpm = pumping rate f.tl AS= 5.9 ft/log cycle u T ~ 13!} 90'0 gpd/ft ~ 32 K = T/b = hydraulic conductivity ~ .... b = 22 ft = aquifer thJ.ckness Ul ~ ~ 630 gpd/ft2 ~ K 33 :s .J ~ 0 34 H M IX1 f-f w 35 rx:l ~ z H ...:4 36 l rx:l i;i ...l ei 37 E-4 ·v ~ • .... _,. ..... • 38 • • • • • •••• ..... 4, ••••• 39 1 10 100 1000 TIME S.INCE PUMPING BEGAN, MINUTES NOTE: TEST PERFORMED EXHIBIT 13'. ANALYSIS OF TALKEETNA FIRE HALl, WELL PUMPING TEST. 3/12/81 BY DOWL ENGINEERltiG ~ w w ~ "' t-l w ~ ,..l ,£ ~ w E-f ~ z H w t!) z ;a u 1.6 1.4 1. 2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 .. 2 ~--------------------~~-----------~r-----------~·------------ LEGEND: A 0 . [] ,---- A=0.73 ~ 20 30 0 ELAPSED TIME, 1\lOURS SUSITNA RIVER SIDE CHANNEL BOREHOLE 9-lA BOREHOLE 9-5 THEORETICAL CURVES A :::: x/ff V = T/S T = TRANSMISSIVITY S = STORAGE COEFFICIENT x = DISTANCE FROM RIVER BANK EXHIBIT 14. GROUNDWATER LEVEL VARIATIONS IN RESPONSE TO RIVER STAGE FLUCTUATIONS, :· -1 r ' I I I I 1983 :~\Y Jim Jl/l. .• uc str OCT I -------.-~---,-~--, 1.0 I 35 :;OTES: ~ i ]. ~~-\1 ~STE,'I D I SCIL\ RGE F~0:-1 VSCS l'RO\'ISJO:;AL TlATA 30 "' 2 • SLOUCH DISCI'.ARCE fRO)f AP .'£~111X £ I ... "' :z: H !:! I "' !:? :;;: 5 20 "' I > ... 1.5 §l I i:: "' io "' "' "' I !' g s w I n ! ... 70 • u 0 I ...; 0 ~ 60 u I "' -Cl SCI < .., I 13 40 ;;:> 0 -' "' I SlOUCH 8A :I EXHIBIT 15. DISCHARGE I!YDROCRiii'HS, H.H:'IST£1 :I SUS ITXA AT C.OLD CRf.EX A..'fil SLOUCH 8A, S~!ER 198~. I l!AY J(j/01 JilL AUG S£!' OCT I I I 1983 I :1.\Y Jl/ll JU\. AUG S~P CICT l..O 'J I . s )~ .... NOTtS: z I "' 1 • !·!AI I'STEM DlSCH/IRCE FROM I)SCS l'Rt:'V!SlONAL DATA .... "' SLO!;GII D!SC\t\RGE FR0:1 APP !'!:Dtx E )0 "' 2. "' .... Ul n I 25 ~ ,.. C> "" I '20 > -! I C> 0 I .1 5 b n "' ... "' I '·10 !' 0 -s ..., " 800 I ... ... 700 0 I 600 I 500 I 400 .. I ... " .; JOO SLOUCH 9 "' I .. ~ u 200 "' .. "' I .... i3 100 :> I 0 ... .. 0 --... MAY Jllli JUl. AUG SEP OCT I EXHIBIT 16. DISCKARCE K'YDROGRAPHS, tiAlNSTElt SUStTI(A AT COUI Cll£EK A:III SLOUCH !I, I SUM'IER 1983. I I 198) I ?-;AY JUN JUL t<UC SEP OCT ~0 ------;: .... I "" J5 "' "' MAIN STEM S1 NOTES: I "' HAlNSTEH DISCHARGE FROH USCS PROVISlO~AL DATA JO .... 1. "' n 2. SLOUGH DlSC~~CE FROM APPE~~lX E ~ I 25 n "' > "' I 20 8 ..... "' n 15 . "' I "' "' !' ... 10 0 I .... " ... .. I . ~ I 0 6 I SLOUCH 11 I ., ... 4 u I ... u ~ "' I ~ u "' .... 0 I u :::> 0 I ... .. "' 0 HAY JIJII JUL AUC SEP OCT E.'<III91T 17. DlSCHARCE HYDROCRAPHS, I HA.IHSTEM Sl1SIT'Nil AT CCIJ) CREEl AND SLOUCY 11, I SIM{fll 1983. Cf) U-1 t.l ... ~ C,!l ~ <: -...... u CJ':) H Q --C,!l :=> 0 ~ CJ':) LEGEND 90 80 70 60 50 40 .......... 30 •· 10 • • 10 • LINEAR REGRESSION FIT TO ALL DATA LINEAR REGRESSION FIT EXCLUDING }~INSTEM DISCHARGE GREATER Ta~N 30,000 cfs DATA POINTS EXCLUDED FOR SECOND FIT • • & • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •-!...... ___., -~ .--___,---·--. . 41. • • . , .... ·10 • 15 • • e • • •IP• • • ,:. e~ • • ••• t::•.·:.. • ••• 20 25 @ G) 30 MAINSTEM DISCHARGE AT GOLD CREEK:~ 103 cfs . . EXHIBIT 18a. SLOUGH 8A DISCHARGE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE AT GOLD CREEK, Su11MER 1983 .1 I I 1 l I I I I l l I l ' -J .@ ~ @ 35 0) ~ C) .. r::J 0 ~ ~ ..... u Cf.) H ~ ::= 0 ~ 0 ~ Cf.) LEGEND 0 5 (!) 4 LINEAR REGRESSION FIT DATA POINTS EXCLUDED FROM INDICATED REGRESSION LINE lV @ (!) (!) @ NOTE: (f)@ €J DATA FOR JUNE 6 - AUGUST 7 ONLY 3 <!) (i) (9 @(!) @(!) -•• • • •• 1 . • • • • • • • • • • • .. . .. • • • ·~ • • • • • • • 1 o~.~~--~~--~--~~1--~---d'~------~~--------Ll------I 16 18 20 22 24 26 ~~ MAINSTEM DISCHARGE AT GOLD "CREEK, 103 cfs .. EXHIBIT l8b, SLOUGH SA DISCHARGE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE AT GOLD CREEK, SUMMER 1983 -IQIIM 1 I I l CD U-.1 C) .. I t:J D c:: < ...... -u C/') I ~ Q :::: D ::::> I 0 ....J C/') I l 1 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 . 0 1 . . . . :t,, J .. : •• -· .... !• ,. 10 15 • • • • • • • • • ~ • (~ Ill • • • •• • ,, •o • -•• •' :..· • •• a .:, r ........ , . . ........ • _,. ... ' I 20 25 • • • • •· ~ • 30 MAINSTEM DISCHARGE aT GOLD CREEK, 10 3 cfs •. -EXHIBIT 19a. SLOUGH 9 DISCHARGE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE AT GOLD CREEK, SU}WffiR 1983 • • • • 35 F ~~.:, r j: r: l ti'J ~ CJ .. t:J Q p:: < .... -u Cf.l 1-( Q :::: D ;::.1 0 ,..J Cf.l 18 16 14 12 10 8 LEGEND - G LINEAR REGRESSION FIT DATA POINTS EXCLUDED FROM INDICATED REGRESSION LINE @ NOTES: EXCLUDES DATES WHEN UPSTREAM BERM WAS OVER- TOPPED EXHIBIT l§b. SLOUGH 9 DISCHARGE VS. }lAINSTEM DISCHARGE AT GOLD CREEK, SUMMER 1983 1 l I l tl) 1.0-1 C.) .. t;:J t.!> ~ ~ ..... u Cf.) H Q .... -t.!> :::;l 0 ~ Cf.) 6~~------~-----r------.------.------~-, LEGEND LINEAR REGRESSION FIT 5 • • t .......... / • • • • • •••• ... •· e 4 ... ~ . .. . . .. • • ••• • • ..... , . . ., .. ••• 3 • • • • • • • • Q ~I • • ... J ! 10 15 1 20 25 30 MAINSTEM DISCHARGE AT GOLD CREEK, 10 3 cfs EXHIBIT 20. SLOUGH ll DISCHARGE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE AT GOLD CREEK, SUMMER 1983 35 I ~ ~ 1 i l ' l ! .... L.J j I I : ! ' ~--4-..:•_;_' ..1.-.J '-!~~~-·-·_..• ~·I ~I ....;I;,_.J i.....;_..!...Ll_JJ--!~1 _i~l-+' -!1._..:.: -·~~--H''~....;..' ..l:._,.: ""1 ~·-. .J' 1. ,, II 1 _11 I 1 1'1····_J· .! ....1-.J.--.;---~ __ ... , , ~ J ' I ·--_.__.~ • I • I . t j I • . I I • i -! • I I .. 1 I ' I T ; . . ' ... ..;._ jjo!-. -,~I...JIL....;.I_~,.:.........;,-.'1-i ,,~.-.r--i·-.~.-,:---:-.-+~,-~~.~.-r-r,---;-,-+-1 ~I:-++~+--,4--4J--~IH I I I I I . J I I I I I i I • I I I • I I I I I I I I I I T I ! ! I I I I I • • • I I • I ! I • • • j I I ' I • : • I I I I • I I I I . I I II· 1'1! ! .• T T : ,j I· I ~I I 1 i I I I ! ! I • • : • • I ' I j • • ' I I I I .I I • I I I i I I • -, • • I • ' • i I I ' I I I • • I I T I I I I I I : . I z ~ 0 -+..,.-~· ....:'~-+-'~1 --..:-!--'-·....;..! -=:~. +~ ~~~-~:-+-~··~· ~·, ' : I ! I I I ; i i : I : : I • I : I ; ' I ; • -I I I I I I i ' I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I ' 1 l I i I l I J I I I I I I I ! I I I I . I ·I I I I • I ; .. I ! I l •• j T l I : I • • • T .. I ' · I • I I • I ; I • I t i .... 1 jll ljll f'tl 1: i I I I : . ; I I : i ; I -' f t : • ! I I I I I 1 I I I I • • I ' ~ I I I'!/ : i • I ' • • I J . . . I I . i I I I I I : • ,. • • . , '/• . : . . . : ~'~~·~·-+~=-~~·-·-·-+~~-r'-: __ 1 -.;-+l-·~r~i~r•'--.·-·~~-+..ll-~l~~~~~_.~+-r4'~·~:~~~·-'~~·4-~'-'~---·--•~·_.·~ -• _,;......,.--· -·-...;...--~...;.....,..."!"""'!......;..+-~1_;•~· ~+ • : • I ' ' / • t ~ • I C 2 00 [ : I • ! i • ; i i 1 • ; I 1 '":',--:-, ~~-~ -+-.-..+,....;..-:l;_;..-+1 -T-T-, -:-..;...../~!....,..! ....;,4 _;_..;.....;..' ...;1;.-+-...:.~.~: 1-•-+: -;-..;.· -+--+'-.;--l:i-+-+-+1 -;....,1-+1 +4--l'f.--r-!. --'H--;..-;' ' ~ t I l I ~ . • I ' I j ~ ,..._ i f E . 1 , • 1 1 • ! 1 1 1 ~ , , , 1 • 1 _1_ 1 T 1 1, r: 1"' = , "' r·r. =>b~A~;;-.~H ,,r--:-: -t ....... ~ ' I I : : ! ' I I : I I ! I ; ; 11 I I l I : i "'!' ' I I ! ~ ~ I ' . -E -. : . : , • 1 . 1 , • 1 1 1 1 • 1 ! ~r 1 1 v1 ! : R ~ :. o :6?. 1 • • • 1-T--:--· -='--+~'~1 ...:·~'++:-+1..;'-MI~~:f-+-M-+-~1 -i'-;.· ...:lf-+-t-'H I i i/i I : I : I I I 1 1111 11!1 I C: 1111 I l .A 1 !Ill I I I t~~=t1 ~·=~ ,J~~=r!. :~~+1.,_--;_-+;;_-;+---l~i"j_:t...;l;_.+.,_..;.;_+~--~~~-t;::~t_""'..;.l~t-:-t:.:I~T~.~ I I I I i I I l , L1J •1111,11 I I 1111 1 Ill~ 1111 I I I '-J50 : ·1 I • I I I I I ! I 1 I j -lh 7 I 1 j , ! 1 ! .--r7!-,~.~;7-71~t~.~:~~~,~.-r+,~,~~~~~~~~~~~,-+~l~~~~~~~~l~l~l-~i-~11~~,-+-,~l~~ <t •IIi llli Ill II Ill')' 1111 11 tl 0::: ·Ill 1111 !11 !I 1111 tVT 1111 1; !I w . i I I I I ' I I I I I I I t I I /1 I -, i I i l ! ! i I (!) IITI llll Ill! 1111 lilt AI. I 1!11 I' II I I : I I I I •. I .I I I I ~ I I I I j I • I ; j I • I < Ill I ! I I I I ! I I IV I I I I I 1 I I I 0.. I I I 1 I I l I ! I I I 1/i I I I J ! ! , 1 I l I IJJ itll I II ll II I!.JI l I iII_!_ 1:! UJ 10D-t~'-7:~a~l~~~-t-~ll-r~'-+~'~·-ril-1~~1-+.l~rr+'-r';-~I~~T~~-~r+~~~~~~-~!.~l~l~~~-+·!~:~:-+-·~·-+~i~ Cl) \, ; I : ·: I ! I I I ! I : I I I I vI ! ! I I I l ; ;_.,~.1...;..1 ...... ~·-+-11-+1~ 'I j I TT I I I I I I' I /1 I iT I • 'I I I I I : I I tl!t tlil I 1 ltl 1111 I II Tfl 1 I I T T T I I I I i : ! I I I I I . i I +-;.....;.~ • ...;,-+--.~ ......... -+--;t-+-11 H-' -~''-+1 +-+:-'H'f-+-l'H--+' -:!-~ '~...;'~~ v~-h'' t 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 , 1 1 I I I T l I I : I I I I 1/1 I (:J"..,-. I 1 , -+-+:-..o.f-'~1......_1-+--!-4--l!-4~ Ill• I!• 11 1 1 . .(1 itll I I 'til! I l--=-,~11-li-f-1+--li--rf-14 .. 1~1-+--+1...;..4,4,~..;.....; ~~-1!-4.-1~1-+-~. ~-1-..J-.1--1-1 I I j • I I I J I l ! I I • I I , V I I I t I I I I I . I I 50-~'-~11-f1-r1 i:-T~1~1 -r1 ~1 -+1 ~fl/~+1 ~1~-r1~r1~1~1 ~1 4-~1 ~1 ~~~~~~41~~~l~I~~~~-~~ILi_l~l~i-+~ I I I I I ! I I I I : I A I I I ! ! I I I I I : I i I I ' I 1.'1111 1 11 IIJ'I I I fill -II i I • I i I t· l l I : I VI I I I I I 1 I l ·1 I . . : I • ; 1/i 1 1 ! I ! · ; I T : ; • ! : : ~ • 1 A : r , 1 :.. : i <.: 1 1 • 1 1 T 1 1~ 1 , i t 1 1 1 • • : = ! ! 1 I . ' ' r~. __ ,....._-+.......~-.+-+-!. -:,-+~, -i.r--r,-+-1 -1. • ,I ! : • )I' ; I • I I I""' I ; ; ' I I I I . • ! : I I I ; ' s . . : . •;J7: 1"1'1111 1: 1•:1 ;rl• I;: atl• ~~1 ••I' ::;.1 :1 l ! It•! till _ _j I I Ill! Iii O-r:·----·~:~~:r~·77~i~·~~'-7'~+·~~~~·~-L4-~1~:~·~14-~~~~!~t~~~-~~·~l-·~l~l~.~~~~~-!!-jl~l-+='~~-ljlbJ : ; '/• • ; ' ' . I J! ; f • : : • I I • I i . I i j. I • ; ! ' ': ·(~ · ·-·-t~=~i_.~,-+~·~·~'r+'-r~r'~·~~-~·-+-~1 ~~.~~·~·~·~~-~·~~:~·~·~~·~·-4-T·~=4·~~ • • I . : i i I I ~ • I I t ! I I I IS ;;.. E ~ A :; E • M F F R , 8-I I :•:7 lt/1 f•:l I• 1•1 ll 1 • i• I /i/1 IJ :7 I • • I . I : • ! I I I ! : I I • I • I : • I I : I :...:....i.... •:T• ::I i: I!'. I • s• I•'' '•! :11• l!li . !:~+-~.~--+--~~~~~-L~~~;__~~-4~~+-~-+~~~-+~+-~~-L~~~~~ ~ ~-r---~--~~~·..:;-+~+~--·~!-r4-~·~·~=~+-!~--~~l-+·~!~l~~·~·~·~·~~;~~;;~l~·-+-'~·-~ll~ -:-:-' : . . I • • I i ' ! • . I ., ! T ' I ! • I I : I : J • • • l • ;: ·,It: !•i I• 1 <·· .:1• 1 •' ••it i: • . . . • ! I l I 40 0 10 2.0 30 I !SO Q SUSITNA RIVER AT GOLD CREEK ( cfs X JOOO) EXHIBIT 21. SEEPAGE RATE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE, SEEPAGE METER 8-1. • I . ' l i I k t ! I I I ~c I I l i l l t ! -=============================~====================~========~-====================================================: ( ---\ .. -l Ef~~~ IEIJJffil~fE@J \ SUS/TNA JOINT VENTOR,e R&.M CONSULTANTS, INC:c c .. o .... a••• oa&:JLCU:.o•'lre , ...... 611-..., .. c•a •u•v~~;•o•a --~----- r. I I I i ( . I I I J J .. I J .. I 'J I I I I I I ·_j j I i ! ,· j I I.J....!.J I I I I l -~-Ll.....!~...a....!-l!--·-..... ; -·~'-_._.;_1...;.:-l ~-I • . I ; !:J . ' . i ; ' ~ ; ~---.!.....1 .......... ·-~·~~--t...LJ I I I I I J l ! 'i 1 _;_:_~ :;_;1 .... ~;.,.' ...J'I-~1;_· -4:-~1·~-· -f-t-1 ~-H-+~;--:--t-~j·-o:-1' -:l~.-~.~--·.· .... :~1: .. ~T1•-; ! j J1 !' i i, ' .:...IJ4-._j .,.;1~ .... ·-..+-i.-· ..;:_,~·--:-1 -l......LLJ..J_j I ' I I I I I j I I • -. . I I i I • • "(' T T I T T l I I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I ! J . ! I I j • ; : j_ J I I I I ; • I I l '!'-i--'Y'-'~;-t--t-""-i IIH.--+++-H'''-+-H'-++~'".....;.....;'~-4--4-+'-4-~1 ~-~...;1-+..;'~ 'lll;i'· 11 t!e• .l 1: 1 1 .i ' ; I I I I I . ! . I I j_ l I I I I I T • J I • • I : • I I j ! : ! i I ! • I l I • I I I I . I I I J • I : I 250~~.-~.:~~~.-T-,.~.-r~:-+~.~~~~~-~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~;~.~+-~;~~~~~~-.~.~J~. 1 j 1 1 • I _ • ' i I ! ' I l I I I ! I I i t I I t 1 1 I ' l I I I ~ I I i I I I I I . 'I tt~~~:tljl:~li1:~1 ~1 ::~t~:t~1 :~t4·=~~+~~=t~=~+1 :1~+~~+=~i~:t~:~t~ttr~r:tt~~~t~~t•~t:t~~~~~ t~ • ltllf,ll l I I ,, Ill 1 II til • ! I ! • I • • I • I • • T I : I • I • : I • ! ; ~·~·~·-~t~·-r·~~·-r4~~~~'-+'~T~~·~-r·~J~-r';·~·-·~-+-t:~l-t;'-+-'~·4-~l_.:~•~·~·+-~~~-•~~~ ~~~~:~~~,~~~-r~·~·r-r-r~~-~~-~-+!.~~!l~~·~-~~~·~·~~·-·r·~~-~~-fi·~+-~'~·~i~:_;_·+-~·~~·~· ~. , , I ; I I I • : I I •• f I 1 I T I : I : • • I I • I I : '•II .! lj.; Jill I '~·1· I I •• 1: ··•! ! • ! ~ I • • ,_ 200-~~~:~-r~~~-r.-7-:·~-r71~·~-ri+·r1~~~~ ..... ·~·~·-r~·-r~~~·~·~·~·...;.-~·~~·-:2-~~~;~·~1~ c il'' 1:1! Ill! Ill lit t/ I ;:~t 1 ;: t1it E ....... • -E - !' !i•.: Tl I !• li !t! Till ;!;T • I • I I ! ! I i I I I ! ' I I I I I I I I I 1 l . f I ' ! I : • I I I I i t ' I I I i • I I I I I IT ~~-!~!-~i~t~l~!~i~~.-4-4-~.~+1~1~~+-~~:~l;-~,-~l-~;·~~~-l~-+,~~:~:~:--•4-~t~~,-~I~,-~~.~.-T~,~ I ! J I I I J I ; • I ; I I I I I I I I I ' I I ~~~~~~-~~-~~~~~+-l~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l~-l~-+~,-+l~~~-~~~-~~~~~41~t~TT-~~ ~·-t~l.-~t-+-1~1~~~~~4-~'-+~'-+~+-~-+~~~·~•4-T-r~~~~~~~-~!.~t~·~~·-+1~,~~~-·~~~ lJJ I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I : ' I l I : ! I I I I I I ' I : 1 l ! r-zso-r~,~,~~.;-T~,,~i-,~-r~,-r~,-r~1 ~,rJ7-r+-r~1 -r~~-+~1~1 -r~-~~~~~~~!~+-,~i ~~!~,~~,-+-r1 ·~,~~ < It I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I ' I I I I I 0: : I I I i I I I I J I I I I I I I : I : I : lJJ ~~~~~-+~+-~~+;'~~~~~~~-~~~~-r~··;-r'-~'-+-'~-+~4-~-+~~i-'~~~·4-~'~4-~'~4'~~~ I 1 I T I I I 1 l i I y I ! 1 I l (!) • I I ! I ~ I I I I I I I J.;-""'15 i I • I I C: ·~ I < l-+-: 1--f-1 ~,~-++-1-i-1~+-lli-+-i-i--TI-1:-+-e--+-:f I I t.....-,.... I _C.:... •vi : ::-3: i:s-X. ...;:;...4-4-..;....,.j C. I I I I I I I ., I I AI I 1 I ; 1 I I w 1 , 1 1 t 1 i 1 1 ' "7 1 1 1 : R '" = r' ? e 1 1 -!....-!-:- UJ lOO-r7'~~~~~T~~~I71-r+l~lr+~r;~+l-r~~r+~l~l-6~~~·4'-~'-~l~~-~~~~~:~l~:~~-~·~!~:~r~.-:~~ {/) l i I I I I : l I I I I _......;<i"j I I I I I • . I I I i I I • I I I I I I I v i l I ! : I I I i • I I I I I , 1 V I I I I I ; I I : 1 I I I I I I!./ I I l I I :I: i I ; ! i 1 I ! I VI I i ; : T i I I I ! I : I I I I ].,... ,..1 I I I I i I . I i I I I I I: I I I i I ~I -1 i ' 1. l I I I I Ill./" 11 1',.. II II I lf ! I I I : : ! I l : ! T I I I I , ! I ··=: •.1 1;. '· f• If I I h": -,H,--7,-t--::.-;-! -:,H,-+"'!j-+, -l1r, +-+,-~i-+:-4-j +-H 1 !r-+,-++-+.-++-+1+-t-+i +-..;.....:~-+1 -~,4..+-4i~-+-~1 -4-....;,~-f-, -1-·1 ~ ! I .• I • .-t•t. •I f • I. ; I I I : •••• :, .. , lti ~-•• , I I.,' •l!t 1 i fT . . : ::,: IT•• ':• ,, Iii• I: :• I :tit I I I =iii ::rl !II litl IIi lti! i 1 It I :IIi tl! o-~~-·~·-;·-r~;-~·:~·-r~·-+~'~-r~!-'~·-~~-+'-'~'-++~'-~~~~~~·~~~~~~~·~·~~~~~:-i·-~~;~-·~·~·-LJr.J ,•t; 1 '11 iT II., ::il! t'il :lit :;of ,11 • ' I : I I _, I ! I ; I ' • I . ; ' I : • I • : ; I : : J • • I I • ; i .I I I ! l T -.I I I -i. f • I I 1 ISE t. f-'A ,_t:, M~ 1 R 1 B -.2 I I 1 Iii J! I 1!•, 1:!1 !'t I II I 1 i• I 1 IJ 1111 . . . • I l!;f lit' 1•1 f.4· • • t!! ;II! lilT ; I I ; v : ; i ., . . • • I . • • ; ! : • . : . I : ~ I • t'""' li.l !•!i 4 ! li!• :t; tf. :.1! i;l-r . . : ~ . l • I I ·• ; I I 1 T .. ; . J I I • • i I I . . : : . . . ' • I I I • J t • : : I • . . i : I • I i • I I : I . ! f I : ; .. : l • ll.•T -f!!; : . ' ~ J I I , ! l T 0 10 20 . 30 40 Q SUSJTNA RIVER AT GOLD CREEK { cfs X 1000) EXHIBIT 22. SEEPAGE RATE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE, SEEPAGE METER 8-2. J I £, ~: I I" i ~ I·' 1 1 ================~================================================~' ·-·· -. ~ &M CONSULTANTS, INC. DM.\_$1~ :J IE&IJ~&® • ...,o .... • •• o• cu.aGo••'"• .-L.-. ....... •• ..,.., • ..,. •o•o SUSITNA JOINT VENTURE -.;------ I I I I I I I (· I "!·- . I u ~· ... ~ 1 I L.! ..... l._j_j __ LLLLLJ...l~...l-.....!...t I I ! I T ; _J J . . I • • t : I I ;---;-T . . • . . !...J..j_.;..: -r•....._...;.'-+-f'--t-~·-· +-H'-'H'-t·+-+'~i~.J.~I...I.!-~~...;~~..;-.:~·"-'f-:;::.:'"'·.: ... ,-:-·~·~·r-+--r-t ~--r-7 J • _; l I -. ; ..... ';..· 4--!---:'-+-!'-+;'~-·+~'~'-!i,...~i!--l~I..I-...L..,JI...LJ • I J I -;--;-i J-.l.-li!-J.I-.j-f.1_Jl......!~'...J'4-i1f.4-H11-+~1-H11-H1-H11-1~·-+-71-1H1-1+-t-t-11H-·-f-1 +-!'-+~":,,-'+1-_jf-·.....l~·~+:.:: .. t.!-:-·~t.~•:t·-=rt:1-,J~ I I I I l I I I I l I I I I I I I I I ! I j : : I 1 I I I I I I I I l I I J I I I 1 I .,, .,.,til! t~ti 1!:' I I I :I I :1 I I I . . i ! • I • I I j i I I T-1. ! I I I ' I I J I I I I 1!1 •I! llfl !f' 11•1 jl I 'II~' 1 t; 250~~1-L:~,~~ •. ~--~~~.~~·~,~.~~~~!~!~+~.~--.~.;-~I~~.~·+-~,~.-r4-+,~~.~:4-~!~~~~.~~.-~!.-.~.~i~ 1111 v 1 •1l l Ill T-II I I I I 1 :1 .•; ,,, :111 II•T •I I I I I • I t I I I I I i ' I I I i I I • i • I I I i I I • • . I • . • • I ' f I ' I -!'f--H If-+-l'i-' ~·...,..· -;'-~'H-+-' -+-+' ++-+-l-J.. i' _•;__·~· +-!-'t--;1 ..... .;-1;...-;-T, ~· ...!.'-! I I : • • I • • ' I I 1 I -, ! j • I • I I • I • I ! ' _!. • I ; I 1-' • • ; • • • I I i : I I I I I : • • • : I • • • : I ! • • ' i : • I ' • I I I I I • ! I I : I I I : I I I i . I l I l I I I ,..... - . I : ; • . ' i ' f : ' I I ' • ' I ' • ' ~ I c zoo-r~:~:-.--.~,~!~,~=~!-+-~!-+,~1~~-r~,~.~~-+,~·-,-.~~~,;--,~,r+~.~~,r+,~~~~:-=~~.4-~;-r~;~~-.~.~i~,~ ~!-~!·~·_.~1~!-r·~+-~l-~11~1~..;!-~1!~~~-·~·~·~..;-+'~~~f-+-'~-+~'~·--~·-+-'~'-~1-.+-~'~·~·~ E 1: •• , •• I '1'1 II T I,. i f ,,., 1!1 l J: ~ ~.-.~.~.~,~:~,~.~~,~l-T~.-+~~.~,-+~~.-~i.~i~~!~,~.-.~~~~r.-!f-~,~~:~~~.-~1'-~'~!-+-!l~~, ....: ~:~.~.~:+~,-.;..i~f~,~~.-+~.~!-r-i-l~.4j-+l~+-~,-t,~~.,~-;~-+-!,:-+~4-~:-:-~ .• ~.+~:-:~.~.~~.-+~~.~ -E ~!_..;_'~·~~~'..-;.•~i~l~4-~ll~l-+~l~~~f-+~4-~11--i-l~~· I I . I I I I I I I I I ! ' I ! I T -1 l 1 I I ! I I I ' ~;_l~l..-;.·-!f-..;.!·-r--;1:..-;.1~~~~+4-~l-+-!f-~Tf-+T-rl4-~'-!f-+-T-r~~~-+4-~~~~l~~~~-r•~•-+-~;~-r~ lJJ 111111111 1 Til I I Jl JJI I I j I I I I I I I I l -1 I I I I ! : I I ! I I ~ 150-r~.~~~.~.~~:~~.~.~~l~i~l~-+,.~,~.~1-+l~~~,~,-+;-~r+-r~,~-4-~14-~,,~,-~,~.~,-~1-+~,~+-i~ ..-... I I I ' I I i I I I I I I I I T I ! t _I • •. ~ J I a: l!l! I II fJI 1111 Tl ··~t ~·· I W ; .. , I : I I I I I I i I I I I T ! ! . : I : I I I I 1 I I I j I I I I I I I I I I ! I I (!) I 1 ! I I ; I . I ·I I l I I I j I I I I I I I <t I t I I I 1 I I · I I I I I I : I I C... t I i I I ; I I I I I I I • , i I W I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I : 1 I w I 0 0 -f--::'~!_1~'-~''-:-'-.;-;11-+_,1;......;......;.....;•~...;...1 ,.._.:...' ..;1-+...;......;.....;llr-;..•...;...1 ~I . ....;..-J.....;-~~-:-..:.I.....t.l~l--!..14.;-:.l-+·-:·-;.'-:!:-+'-+-'--::-+l-+-l en 1 , ! ' , 1 ' 1 ! 1 , I ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 , 1 , T , , : -·++;_,r-+1-+-~+-r-i +H 1 1 ' t 1 1 1 1 1 T 1 1 -, T T r 1 1 T T , 1 1 , '"T 1 : 1 1 1 1 I I ; ~ ! I I i I I I I I I I I { I I I J I 1 I I : I I I I I I I I I I ~ i I ! i I IT I I I t : I • I ; 1-+' -~~~-~ li--:-1-i--ilf-..:_ IHI-+-IIH-++..;..-;Ir--r-+-+-+-T-+++-1 ...;-I -!-.;-.;1_1..;-;-..;.~-l I l i 1 I I I I I I I l I 1 l l I -T-1-l--i--HI~I ..;-.;-..:1:-;~-;....;-.;., -1 I I I I l I I 1 I -~ 1 +-!:-J+-T-Hi++-H++-H I I I I I I I I I I 1 ·1 I 1 1 I I I I l i ! I I ., I -,, I I I I 50-t4!=~'=c+·~~:=~··~~~~·~·~~~~~~~~~l ~1~~~~~~~~~~~~=~'~:;'~~~~~~~~:t~':t':'~:t=~':t:tj ' i • : ' • ' I I I .. I • ' • ;, • • • t i I I I ! I I : ! i I I I I 0 . I -~ l I I I 1 I 1 i • • ~; ! -i ~ J ! · (p I 1 f I --~ ; ' ! I t ' ; • ! • ~~·····:1 ' ' • t • t • -. . • i . f i • I I • l • I ! I I T I I I ! I ' I ~ I I !••• j'•: •IJI .,, .• ,~-. • ' • i . 1 I i I i • ; i I I I i T . I ; I • I • • I I . ; I ·H-.. ' .. I . . • ! : -· ; ! I • : I I : I l T • ! T ! -, I I : I I . I I I I I I T :If' ·:! 1 ~ t' I I; II T T I Tl ! 1 IiI I :II 1 I 1 0-t;·~:~·~~-T~7·~·~·-t~'~7-t~!~J~~~~+-'~'~1~~f~~·~~+-J~r~I~~~.....L~~~I~I~:~ILj'~~~~~-~~-+-~l!~l~ ; I• •'•• i• I 1~: 1 1!• Jtf: • t: ,!o~ tlj ,: ~c-· -:-..-;--:·;-or'-;-' +-t--i:-:--:IH-:I~·--·H:-+4-'~'-l-+l-i':-t1-l-' ..:·~r::;LlF~~FPc'b.jA~~.t;._E..IIl,M E_TtER 9-:» • : • I • • I I 4 • I ' I I I ; i I I I i I I I I I I I I i • I f I • . ! : ! 1 ; ' • ' 1 t 1 • : ~ I: r ~ :z, ;y·t n _, • • ~ I ; ! • : ' I i I I I I I I I ! I I I I ; IN 0 (, 0 RR E. L J I 0 Nl ••1 .• i t:•: ,,-1 lltl !!•· llf•l!!•: ..i!•~ ! I I I • ! • ~ J • I ; • t • I I • . . 1 • I l I i I I I I . . ' . I I , ' I ! . . . . I t i : . l ! • ! • : . . . . . . : i • J, • ' . I • ; . ! . I I r~..J--::._::-~..:...f---...::.....1....;':...:.~ -·L· ..!'-4-...!1-l.· _;:~, ..l...Ll.' ..i·~• 4-..!...!.1 ..!'L....!....::....:· ...:~~·-l-~·-.l. t I .1 ! · I f 0 10 2.0 30 40 'Q SUSJTNA RIVER A1' GOLD CREEK ( cfs X JOOO) EXHIBIT 24. SEEPAGE.RATE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE, SEEPAGE METER 9-2.· j========~--~================~~~====l ! r i ~&M CCJNSULTANTS 1 INC:. • ...,0 ,..., •• •• oa.ot.cu;.e•T• .. .._ ......... •• s. u•v• •o•• J SUSITNA JOINT VENTURE • I I \ - --::.· I I; ,-I_J~j~l~l~-~-~~·~·-J~-~~·~I~~'~'~~~~·~~~·~·~~·J~-~~-~,:~-~·~·~!~·~~:~·~·~·-+---~~~;4 rfJ11~·--~~~~-+~·~·~·~~·~·~·~·~·-~l-+~J~!-'~·4-~I1~·-r'~-~~~-+-''~~~1-+--~l--~t~•~·~-i._•~'--~ '' I f_l i 1 1 11 Iff:,; ,•! ''IJ IIJ ''I liit I J I'·• lit I II Itt; ill! ·'•I l•il •'IJ J-.!-, ~,~41-+~,-,H-,~,:-+-+-H,I-+~,-+-t,-:,f-:-.HI-J~: -t-t-t,-t-l. -t-l-1 +-!~-t-1-! I I • : : ; I I ,,, • .!J·· ,,,,I I _l_l J IJ I I I! II ~-.~!~, -i-~i -~,:-r, -T--~=-·· ] I _l_ I J J I I J. . ; . i • t:·:!~,~~~J:t!~~~-~~ .. -.~:~+·-~··-~·~+;'_1~-rT-~J.-.~~~~~~-J~!r+-r~~~-~'-+-'~-+-r~~~~~·_.·4~-T~ .-, i I ! . l I..., t _.tj I I I • I _I I I I I I I I .i .;_! ~ • J:J I' •I I II I I •l•i 250~~.-.~.~:-~.~~~~.~~~.~.~:~+-,~j~:~~~~.-+.-.~-,~-+-,~~~,-+~4-~.~~~~:4-~,~.~.~---.--~:~ I I I I I i I J i i I I I ; I I l I • • I I I t • I I I I I I J I I I _I J I I I • f I I l I I I I I I I I I. I l I • I I I J I I • I l I • ~ I • • I • ' • • '! • • : • ~ I I .. . . : ' ! • • : I t•ll , ••• fit• tift te! r:J: If I . ~ I : I I I • ! ' I i I I I I I : I : : _i I • I I I I I • I . I I I I • •. I lit' ·v.! J~.: 1111 ::· •'J! I ! : . . ~~-·~·~·~~·---'·~:~~·-r·~·~·~~·-·~!-~1~~-·-:~1-r-'-~'·~'-r~l~-'~'-r-;~,-~·-~·-;--1~1~1~·~---·--·-~· . ~ zoo-r~~~~~i~;~-,--:-.~;-r~·--~~:~~~-r~;~;~;~'-r·T~~;~~i-~:~~,~·~·-r=~~·-r~'~'~-;-:~~~:~~;-~.~~~~:~-.--:~i~:-i E I ! . i • ; • II I I : -! I ! : ! I I I I I ! . I 111 1•!1 I _i , J!:J ;111 •II' ~ ~·-·~·-~·~·-~!t~·~~~~-T·~~~~rr~~i~+-TJ·~~'~'-+~+-~-+~~~--·.i_.1 ~~~-+-''~' r.~~~~~-~1_.·~ ._: I i I • ( ~ • • I j • I l , i I • • : I I I I • • : E J.-;.:-;.....:11....;.· +~J~i ~i:---;.~+-T:-i-_.IHI-r-T'-i-' +H-++-+. -++r-' I I I I I I i j_ I I I I ! I I I I I I I I ' I : I I I ! ! 1 I I I f -!-I I I , t I l.tJ 1-..;.--., ,,:-+-,H·-,Ir-+1-li-i-1-+-+-i tf-+-t-i-l'-H 1-t-+-:r-+-+-+-i-HIH-, I I I I I . ~.-,~,-+~~~-~,_~1~+-,~,-+-t--+·~+-~,-+~~-+~~~,+,-+~+,-r~,-.+-~-+~,~-,~,.-+~~!-~!.~+--.~+-~ r-150-r~l~~,-r~,-,~;~.~~,-+~~~~r+~~, ~-~,-,~~,-+-+-~~~~yr.-~~,~~~~~~~:~,~~-r.~J-+-~ ~ I I I i II I f. l I I I I~ I! I I 1 1 'l a:: ~ ! I ! I I I I .! I ! I I I ..... A I 1 ! I I . .., ... :...,., '"'- - i i I I I I I • I I I I J ,_A"' "'-:--v :! 66 110 X ~ 1-1 'i '~ W I 1 I I I I I · I I I I L,..o....-1 I J J I l I (!) t I ! I I I .j I I !_......"'! ~ ;= 1.0. ~-I I ~ J-J.;....;;-;.I---!--t-+--!1~~~~-+-~~-+-~,r-i--t-1 ~t-+.A'~~,"+-· ! I I I I _...Q.. -I I I I I I ~ I I I I I 1 I I J UJ I I .I I .....,....., I I I I I ! I l I I l UJ Joo~~·-r~'~-r-t-+1 -r~·~~+-~~~~....,·~'~-t--+-~1 ~'-+~~~1 -+~~·=F~+-~'-~··~~i~~~~l~l~-;~:-+~ CI:J I I ! . I I :,...... I I , I I l I ' -: I I I : i J.. l .... •111 ~ II J I :111 ...;1;-;.l~~ I I 1--1 I I y I I J I I ~ I I J I ! I I I ,.........., I I l<:l I I I • I • I I ; I 1 I l I I I I I I I I l I I ! : t I Ill !IlL I I !J 1111 II f I ~ I I ' """ I I I I .. I l I I l I I I I I I I I I I ' : I • I I .I J I I ! ! I I I I I I I I I J J I I I I J I I I I I r I J I ! I I I I I I i I ; I I ! . ! I I J : I • ! I ~ I ' • I J I I I • I I i I. i ! I lo:, •1 ! !il !II ! 1 !1 lit 11 I I I • • : ! . . : . t ' • ,....., • • I • • t • t t I ; I ' J J I : _I : • . . ' : i;ii lltl It•! il i i I': I;. I ··11 • ' • ! • : I ! !••: ,,, It; I I ! . ,, :! • ~·· t I I I : ' ; 1 I I i I I t I J _j I I :> t. r' (.j t _bi J: Jot:.· h ;:r --~J J 0 . I I ! I I ' ! ' I • ' ' I I I .; I : I -' _I I I I I I _I ; J I -r-.-.~.~.-r~.---.~.~.-r~,-+,~~~.~;~.~.~~~.~.-+~+.~,~~.~~:~-~,~.+~.~.~.~i-r~,~:-~.,-+~.~.~.~ • 111.1 ·•': •J 1 •1_i 1 I Is I t• .;;o; •'•! I I I I I I • ~ J t I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I ' I I f I I I 1 I 1· J J I I t I 1 l I t I I I _! ; • I I _t j ~ J J .••• J Ill I! I it I., ! !'I,,: Ill ~~·=·~·~·=~·=~~=:=~~1::~~~=~·-=·=j,:t~~-~~-~~~~t'i1~t~·:·;j::~+,_-L~~~·:t~·~;~~.~~~:;t·~;j.~+-·~1 -r1~1~-~··~j-+'-'~~·~·~~~~ r-'-r'~1-+'-r~'~·-·~·-r~J~·----~'-+~L~:-r·~~!~=-·~·~:-r~1-+-~1=-r·l~i-+-'•'-+~-·~'~'~~·~·~T-I;~~~-+!~I-~I •'If •.~; I~•! !•(! til I I• lilt ·t~! ~ ,. •.11 • I l j • • I I . . : I • t ; I I • • I • . • ; : I ' I I • -' I _; -. . ; t 10 I I I I ! r j' ·0 30 1 '1 I •• ,, • I •l•J _f•J Jlol 1ilt :'JI. II(·! 1·~1 so I 10 zo 40 Q SUSITNA RIVER AT GOLD CREEK { cfs X 1000) EXHIBIT 25. SEEPAGE RATE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE, SEEPAGE METER 9-3 • .,. -· ~-~ - R&M CDf\lSULTANTS, INC:. • ...,c:;., ... •••• oac ... cc.tsT• ,.._,.,........ .,..., • .., • ..,o•• _I -l EMIHLI1" !E&IJ~&®IY; I SUS/TNA JOINT VENTURE I -. . ' r r r f I r I J· II .. ~.· .. ...--." I I: I 'l._l_Lj~:~~·~!_.·.:~~~-~i~~·-r~·-~''~~~-·--·-·~l~~i~J~-+·-~!·~1--~·~·-~~J~·~+·~·~--~~:~=~ f-H -t-"fJ--J -'!......!~' 4-.J.J_,~·~·-'~-· -'--' -t-"i·~~·~·-~~~_j--!--'7-t-+j....._' +~: +-:-+: -·~·-J+-_.~~-~ l~__;_.;_t.. ,,1 t:•,. ·!1 : .J.''·I 11 I I 1 'J•Illll! __t 1 1-.!-!1=--,--1,,-_j~Jf-!.. -,-+-, .... ~ ,.~_1 ..... +-=-; -::~. --;,;-; T J i j l • I I I I I I I I I I I . ! I I I I I I I I J I I I . • ~ ! ' i ' ' ! • J . . : I I ! I! •.• Ill! I'll : 1111 ·'JI Jl I •• , ! 1 1 I l j · I I ' ; I I i J 1 I ! I ' I I t I : . I • • I I I i _j 1 I I I • ~ : I I I I l i I I I I I I • • I I I • i I I ' I I I ! ! • • I I I . I . ! I I I .! 250~~.~.-~,~.~~~~.~.~~~,r7-r~~,rt.-t~t-~::-+-,~r+~;-;-~,~+-~:~I-,~:~-J~~~-t~~.-..~.-t~ t I I I I 1 i I ' I j ·. 1 I , I I I I : I I I t I I J ! I I I I I I J • ~-I '· I ! ! • I • . . ! . • , ,.. . .....;..· -·~~'-+-+' .,·~·-:-' +r l'r,'-'H '-r'-t. , , ...i ; = ':'11•; IJil till 1_;1 ·•I : i I • I . I • ! • I I I I I , : I : I I I ~ j I J I I I I J I • I I I • I • . . ! . . . I 1 I I I I ! I I ! : . : . I I I • ' I i ~ • t I ~ ~oo~--~--~-r~--~-T-:-~~r.~~~~·~·~~r-~·~·~·~-+'-r~~~·-r~·--~~r-·~:_..~~~---·~·-~~ C:L. ·j11 I .: 1111 1•11 'it •i I I I ::•! il;! •tl I • • : ' • ; • I I J. ' • I I ! . I i .1 I ' ~ I I ; ! i f e -7-!-+-,.~-i+-.~,-~~~.-r~!~.~;-~.~.~~-r~~-~!-+-:~.-+-r;-;-~_j~-r~.-+~-·~-~,r+-r,~~,~~~~.-~,,~.~ ~ ~·-_1~~~~-~··~~~++-i~l-~1-+'~·~1-~:-~ 1~+'-~ir+~~+-~~~·~·-+-i~·~'-+~1~1-+-'~1-rl~l~ _.; i •• : I I I ! • I I I ! I I • ! • I ! ' ": . ~ I I ' I ~ . ! i ~·~·-~!:~-~~;~;-~·~~·-r~~~~·-~;i-+'-r;-~'~:-r~·r~'-+-J~~-Y~~+-~·'~+-·~~J~~~~-r~·~~-r~'-; I I I I I I I : ! ' I I I I I / I I I I I I I I I '-+-i!;--;.·~JH-JHJI-+• ~'1-+++' ++'+··>H'r-t-t--t-H-t--t'-t--:-1'"""1--r-' v ! I i I I I .1 .l 1JJ ,.. I I t· 1 I I I I I l t I J i Vi I I I I I I _I_ J j_ '·I I ; I ! I ! I I I J I I I y I I I '., I I I • : 1-I 50 ! ' I , I I ' : I . ·I I • ' I I I I I I I")! I I I J I I _I ;.... ~ ..\ I I I <t I! J _1 I I I l I I I I ; I !/ t--lvl-l:;t.'("] tRI~· ..... ~7'-I !J a:: ! I J I I l 1 I : I • I I I I I I '\!.'lA I ,. 1.,. I I I • _I I I I • I E - ;...· ...:·--;.'-+-l~h:-+' -'H!-+~·i-+-1~1 -ll-++-+'-t-;' -t-+-H~I '7';/f-' ++-'HH: iK... UJ:::t4f-• l • I ! W -~ 1 I I I I I I i I VI I 1 I I! I I I C!) 1 I ' I I. I I I I I I I I I I· I I I <t I I l I I I / I I I I I ! I I C. II!' I'! IV ,, • •;1. •I W J J I I I V I I I II J lJ I W 1 0 0 .......,_:._,•_• -+-+-r--:~....o.....;-';...-;.1 ~-;'-;-~l6o4-/ 1~-++~1~1 -+-:'--+-~1 -+-i--1-H-+-1~·-;.-:1 '~-+1 • I C/) i ! I I ! I _I l I / ..!...l-H-t---!---1'-+' ~-;1-;.-;-1 -+-+-+-!-t-+-f-..1.1 _, ! : l !-I I I I I J I I 1.; : I I I I I i I I I i I ~ I t • I t ; I t I :/"1 _1: I I t • , 1 1 I I ! v ! c:: I l -H-+-+-++-r-:'....1.-+-f-+-~' ++-~:. +~·~· -+-..;......{ I : I I I I I , I f I I ~--~-1-~-+~~~~~~:-+~~~-r~+-:~-+~--r·~~·-+-+-~-+~+-~-+~~~~~~~ I • I I I ~/ I I i . I I I I ' t t I t _11_ t I J t I • f .~ _f i! ! ! I: i I: I II I I I I IJ ~·-·;·~~·~-r·~·~~:-+-J-i-~'~'~~~~-~!.~1~_1~-+-+-1~-+~~+-~~· I I I I J ! ' i • . . ; I ! l i • J ' ; ! i I I I i -·,H-+-1+---!:-+-+1 .... IY-+1 .... 1"--1--+-+--;,~. -!.~~ . . . . . . ~ : : t f •• ! • .. : . ~ .. I I ! 1 I :le! • ''I jl till 1;1 11'1 !lil 1111 ' otl -~~-~:-+~~~i~o_.:-+-l~;-+!.-l~~~~~~~~~~+-~i-+~~!-+-l~lt-+-~1'~+-l~I~J~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~I-!~J-+~ : i f : ! I I : lltl 1£11 I l!'t i;ll t_iiJ I tlf 0 ,_;......;:-:-·-~··:-+-:-· ~·:--:!--:...! +-i-'-+~ -·~·-+~·-.;....;'':......l.'-+...;..~;..· +.J... I ' I : I ' • J I I I I : ! ~ I • : i • I • • i I I • , I : i ··:""""f1-+1 ~:~--?-! ......:-. -ti-+~ ~..::-.;-!1:.....;:-+...:..t ...:;;..._;.--i--'1~.-+ i' -!i!--+1-1 r ' • • • ~ s •I I =••· • ~;, f,l• : ; ! I ! I t • I ; . I I I . I I ., I i l f I I I I I ! 1 i I ' I J I I I I I • I I I I I I I l I j I I I ! I I I I . I ; • I ~ j I I J _I I . ; : ~ ! ~ ! I • I I . • I ~ : I I • i I ! • • • I I I .. ' . . . " : ! : ' t : t i I J i I I • i : I • I . t I : • ! • I I • • : I ' . I ; : I I ' ' I j I I I I 4 f ' s • • • ! ' . -'-_1_ j_ ' • • . ! • ~· _t j . . ~ t : I ; . ! l ' . . . . tl Ita:, t•, ·f'' ! I : J I ! I . • : ! f ' • • • S , ! I • I · i I I • I ; I • ; I I I : • : 1 I i I ·I I I I_! 10 zo . ;;o 40 Q SUSITNA RIVER AT GOLD CREEK ( cfs X 1000) EXHIBIT .26. SEEPAGE RATE VS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE, SEEPAGE METER 11-1. L f f I I I I I~ I I -. -R&M CONSULTANTS, INC::. IHl!~ ~ IE&il&a5® f • .,...,, .... • •• owcn.cu:o~~o'l'a ""'" ........ ... ,.,.,..v.,,.o,..a SUS/Tf.JA JOINT VENTURE l •·. .· ,, I IJ Jill ' lj If I' ,. I ·~II ·~''~~~~-~~1-·~1 ~t~+'~~jJ~~~-~~·~!-r;' -~~+-''~-t~J~~J~~i~~J~J~~~~~~~~-+'~'-~'·~~·~·~~~ ... , I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I l ! I I I I I I I I i I I I I I . I ' . . I J ! ' 1 I I I I I I I I I j • I I • ' ' I ; I I I I I I I I I . l I I • I I 1 . • r • , r i , 1 i 1 1 1 -H-'-H-1+-H 1-i-! ...;-J~!-;--!1-+~m'-· -;'-~'~ 250 ~~~;~!~!~-·~·----~~~~~~~1 -r·~'-~·~~~~-~1ti'-t'~~·-r-'~~··-r~i-7~6~1-r~l~-.~·-·r----'~·~ !··. •Ill 1 '• 'I;• II • I I :11· • I• • • I I ' I i I ! = I • t : I I I I 'J 1 I • I I • . . . • I 4 1 I j I I J 1 I I I I I I I 1 I i I I I I ' I I I I J I I II ! !• !•I: •. II I ; J...:..'-';....;.·-~1~·-=--·;....;.'-r-+'-+-i''-+'-t--rl-;j I I I • • I : ! f . • ' ' • . I i I q I I I . I I I I • I ! I I : l I I • ' I I I I I a . , I . . .. I I I I I I I ; • I • ! ! I I ..... 4 : ; 'I I ! ' I ! I ' I I I ! I ! I ; I : _I : I I I I i : ~ I I • ; t I ! I ; I • I • t • ,_ 200~--~·~~~--~·~~·-+·~·~·-r~·~·~·~!~-~·~=~~r-~:-rl~l-+~·~1~1 -r~·-~··~·~~i~-·~·-r~·~·-·~·~·~ c ; I l ; ' : • I I I 1 ! I _, i I I I I 1 I I I : .. I : l • I : • i I ! ! · ~ • I t I I I I ~ : : i ! i ; I 1 I E . I I i • I : I I I I I I I • j I I I I • i I • I • ' ;iAi ;!,• 1: ,, li IJ !11 1 I,,.,, ~.~!~~~~~~.~,-.~.~.~~~.~,-r~_~,_,-+~+-~.-+,;-+-,~-+;-+,~~~.~~.~i-+.-,r.+-+,~·.-:~--~~ •• -~i ' . • · I I ~·~:~~~~~-·~~-·r+·~~r+~~-r;'-r~~1 -r;-~-~!·~~~~~~~~~~--·~~~J~-+~·~~r1 l I ! ' • '· I I _j I I I I l I I I I i : ~ ~.~,-~j,~~l-J~.-~~~~-r~~~,-r~~~+-rT-1~1]-~-r~r+~~-Jr+~~,-+~~.-r~~ r-tso~~·~~~~··~-·~·-·~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~-+~~11.-+,·~~~~~~~~-~·-~'-r'+-~;~~~ I J I i I I I • I I I i I I I < I j J j I I I i I I j_ I I • J I I I 0:: •!If 1:11 J A 1 II! It . . I I I I I . I I ' I I I e - lJJ • i ' I ; I I I I I I ~ I I : I '" I I I I I . I . I j ! I I ! I ~ : . ! ; •. I . ~ I I I I I I -Ill ·I· I I I I II I ; I i I I I i ! I • I I I 0.. . t I j i I I I I I I I I I I I I I UJ I I I I I I I I ! I I __I I t ! I ~ J00-+~1-+1 ~1~-+-'~!-TI~Ir+~1~~~~~~-~~-+~-7-l~l~~~~-+-1~-+~~~~~~~~~:-+~;~·~l~l-+--·~·-+~ Cl) i I • ; i _I I I I I I I I I I I I l ! I I . I ' I I I I I I I I J I I I I I ! I I i I I I I I I I I ! I J • I 1·1 , I I I I I I · I ! j ~ I j _! I I I f l I I I I I ! I ! I I I I I I I . I I ' I I I I I I ,, fll: ! I I I I '~II 1•1! I J'j_ I I I I I I ( I 'I ~""' I ~I t I I' I . ! I I ~~"~'' SO-r~~-~~~~-r~·~·--·~~--~~~~-~~~~~·~~~r~;-+'~~~-+-~~-+l~l~~·-~'-~''~~~~~~·~1~'~~·~1~~+-'~=~1~~ I I I I ' ; I !.... I I ·,.....;.-~ I I I I I I R"': ~ { . !O.!J I I I ! I I i I I .-.1 I ~,_... I~ I I I I I I I I I I i ; .......... ~ • I • 1_ I I ! I I' I I I ! I. I ! ·.• ; r. ! t • I I I ! I • • I I I : I • I ~--"',_..., ...;:,;.....~.&.-+~.~.--=-: -11-.~.~1-r-, ..... -+-1,~~!1~1-+-+-+-!1;.......!-+-;~-+-T-+-+-+-+1..;1-f. ! ! 1 I I I I I i • • •: .. :~: •• ~~ J 1t!' l ,; •. ,. ttl1 -ii ·~;~l~.--.-r~.~~:--~i~~,.~;-+~,~~~J~~;-~;~-+~I~I-+1 ~i~~~~~~.~,-+~,~i~~,-+~.~~i'-r~,-+~.~.-~,~ • ! • ! • ~ I ! •!1 4 1,1 i · • t;; It I !f • :'! 'Ill ::•1 ffif llf ' I I Ill tj Ill J tj_J ·~~~~--~~-r~~-r+-rT~~~~._~-r~~-r-+-~~~-+~~~~~-+~~~~ :o-r~·~·~·-~'~·----~~:~~-+~~~·--'~'-r~~-~··~-r~~·~-r~'~-+~'~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~·=~·~~~~~·-·-~~:~ :•,: 1•11 1!.1 ''•• 1 eJ t•f! J ;: •11 i.t •• I I ; ~ I : . ; I . ' : I I i :::;, t. t. "" ( f: M }-I t .H, l 1-, i I I I I : ~ j I _ I f ! I I I I I I I 1 I t I ! · I I l f I I I I I ' I I I I I I I _f I I • • I : ;,,, ''' 1 1 1;1 1 • !_l!li•,t· It' 1 1 • ' I . . II I I••' • tiJ I I" ;il' •:•• ··• ••II • 1 I I • : • I li·• _111; ··t .is::~;.,.,, • I I I . : ~ • • ; j . . ; . • I !Iii j:J tR.t Jil_j_ . : ~ : . 1 J I . I I ! I t D !0 zo 30 . !50 . Q SUS!TNA RIVER AT GOLD CREEK ( cfs X 1000) EXHIBIT 27. SEEPAGB RP.TE YS. MAINSTEM DISCHARGE, SEEPAGE METER 11-2. ===========~====~============================~f" ... ~------~----------~~~----------- R&M CONSULTANTS, INC:.. 11 ,..o• .. •••• c•o .. cu:.ooY• ,..~.,,.......... .. ... •ve•o•• . -. . . -·--· ·---·---·· ----.~-,.-....- ~ ~ !EliJ.&l~~® SUSITNA JOINT VENTURE -. I I l_:., }:·· !,_; __ _ .. I:· . " l r f r . 1982 tJUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC .. ' ' . LEGEND 0 MAINSTEM LRX 29, Su"'RFACE 1\TATER A · SLOUGH BA MOUTH, INTRAGRAVEL e SLOUGH 8A.UPPER, INTRAGRAVEL • SOURCE: ADF&G (2) ... ·I ·------------~----------~--------~1-----------~--------------------~ JUL AUG SEl' OCT NOV DEC EXHIBIT 30. SLOUGH 8A WATER TEMPERATURES, 1982" ,, .. I 1183 I JAJII FEB KAI. API Mo\Y JUII JUL .we; SEP OCT liOV DEC I LECEKD -. I 0 HAIRSTEH LRX 29. SUllFAC!: WA TD. b. Sl.OUCllaAUPPEil. SllllfACE WATER I 12 • SLOUCH 8A UPPER, INTRACRAVEL I I 10 I 8 I oc I 6 I I 4 I I 2 I I 0 ~ I JAN FEB MAR API! MY JUII JUt AUC SEP OCT HOV DEC I:<KlBIT Jla. SLOUGH 6A 'JATER I SOURCES: IIDF&G (3 ) TDIPEAAiURES, 1983 IIDF&\. PROVISIONAL 1981 DAtA I I 19113 I JAil Ftl IWl APt OCT NOV DEC I 14 -~ I 0 MAINSTEII UlX 29, SUUACE WATER ~ SLOUC!I SA MIDDLE, Sl.IPJACE IIATE.II I 12 0 SLOOCB 8A MIDDLE, INTRAGRAVEL I • SLOUGH 8o\. !IOUTII, SURFACE IIATEK I 10 I I 8 oc I 6 I I ' I I I I 0 I JAN FEll IWI. APll HAY JUN JUL AUG SEr OCT NOV DEC I SOURCES: ADF&G ( 3 ) EXNtalT Jib. SLOUGH So\. IIIITEil. ADF6C PROVI~IO~L 1983 DUo\. TEMPERATURES, 198) I l9Sl .JAN FEB lWt Al'k MAY JUN JUL OCT NOV AUC SEP llEC 14 MAINSTDI LRX 2 9, SlillFAC£ llA T£k BORE!IOL£ 9-V. 12 BOR£!101.£ 9-3 BOREHOLE 9-5 10 8 oc 6 4 2 0 l I JAN FE8 lWt Al'lt MAT JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT DEC SOURCES; ADF&C (.3 ) ADF'C PROVISIONAL 1983 DATA R&M CO!ISULT.JITS PROVISIONAl. 1983 DATA EXHIBIT J2a, SLOUGH 9 lolA TER TEl'lP ERA TIJRES , I 98 3 f. I 1983 I JAN FEB HA'R APR IIAY JUII JUl. AUC SEP oct KOV D£C I 14 LEGEND I [J HAUlSTEH LRX 29. SUltFAC£ 'oiAU!l 1~ 0 I SLOUCR 9. SURFACE 'oiATE:R • SLOUGH 9, INTRA(. !\A VEL I I 10 I 8 I oc I 6 I I 4 I I I I I JAN F£8 MAR APR W.Y JUN JIJL AUG SEP ocr NOV DEC I SOUrlCtS: ADF6C ( 3) ADF&G PROVISIONAL 1983 DATA SLOUGH 9 t'.).lllBlT 32b. I ~ATER TEMPERATURES, 1981 I 1983 I JAJI JUL AUC SEP OCT 14 I I ~ lZ A 11A1NSTDI AT SLOUCH 11, SU~FACE lo:U£1\ I 0 SLOUCH ll, SURFACE IIATEII I c 10 SLOUCH 11, INTRAGRA \'El. I I 8 I oc I 6 I I I I I 0 ~ ~ I __L_ I -- Jo\11 FEB I1AII APR Ml.f JU!I Jl/L AUC SEP OCT I s o~cr.s : AOF&O ()) 4DF&C PRO~ISlONAL 1983 DAT.l. I t:X IIIR!T ]]. SLOUCH 11 ~A1ER TEHP ERATUES, 198] I I J98l I APR 11o\Y JUII JUL AUG SEI' OCT JAJI Ftl !10., DEC 16 I I ~ .. HAIMSTEll Utl :S7, SLIRFACE I:Am 14 I 0 HAIMSTEH L.IUC 57, JNTRAGRA\'EL 0 SLOUCH 21 !10Unl, Slt'RFACE l:.t, TER I 0 SLO UGH 21 ~!OUTH • l~TRAGRAVEL I I I I I I I I I I I I I . HAlt APR 11o\T JUII JI.IL AUG S~l!' OCT NOV DEC ,JAN FZB I SOURCES: ADF&C ( )) E.'ailB!T ]h. SLOIJCH 2J ADF&G PllOVISIOli.U. !98) DATA IIA!.Ell TE~'PERATURES, 198] ---- I •• I I ••• I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I 611 ..... ! 0 ~ 0 SIDE CHA!>'!IEL (08SERV£l)). x • 0 • D 0 • BOREHOLE 9-lA (O!SERVED), x • 700 ft BOREHOLE 9-5 (OBSERVED), x • 1500 ft s-0.0002, X • 2000 ft s -0.0002, X • 1000 ft s -0.0002, x • !iOD ft: s • 0.0002, X • 250 ft X • DISTA:;CE FROM RIVER s • ElAPSED TIHE, DAYS {DAY 1 • MAY ~5, !983) 15 16 F.:O:I!l81T 35<1, SUIUI.ATW CROU::OII,\TER l.EV!:L VARIATIO~S IS RESPO~SE to RIVER STACE VARIATIONS I I I I I I ~ .... .. ~ I .... "' "' ... I z 0 .... ... < I > "" ..... ..., ..... "' I > ..., ..... "' "' I .... ~ I I I I I 603 I 0 I I ~ 0 SIDE CKAN~EL (OBSERVED), x • 0 ~ BOREHOLE 9-1.' (OBSERV£»), " -700 • BOREHOLE 9-S (OBSERVED), X • ]500 J. s -0.2, :r. • 2000 h • s -0.2, X • ]000 ft 0 s "' 0 .. 2t "-500 ft 0 s • 0. 2, ". 250 ft. " • DISTANCE FROM RIVER s • STORAGE COEYFlClENT f~ ft ELAPSED riME, DAYS (DAY 1 • HAT 75, 1963) l& ElOHBIT 35b, SUM.ATED GROii:'lDIIAn:R LF.VEL VARIATIONS IN RESPONSE TO RIVER STAGE VARIATIONS I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ..... ... ! .... "' .... ... ~ Cl ..... .... <( :> ... ...> ... _, w :> "' _, .. "' .... < :s 611 6~0 609 608 607 DISTANCE FROM RIVER, FEET £JUII81T )6. SJ:rut.ATf.rl l:''•.•r:•I!IIATIJI LEVEl.S VS, OlSTANCt rRO~ Rtvnt, STD~\CE COtf FIClE~T· 0,2 I I I I I~ E I I I I I I 'I I I 609 608 607 605 604 603 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 DIST~~CE FRO~ RIVER, YEEr 3000 3500 ~000 !dOO EXHIBIT 37. SlN\JUoTEO CROUXD\.'ATElt LEVELS VS, DIST!JoCE FROM RIVER, STOR.\GE COf.FflC!ENT • 0. 02 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~ ... • .! .. ... ~ ;i 2 .... ~ "' "" "' "" w ;:; .... :5 .. ~ 0 DISTANCE FIOH RIVER, rttt f.)Ji!S!T 38. S t~TED CROUXD'.'ATER T.EV£LS VS. D t S T~Ct nROH RIVE R STOR.AC[ CQt:ffiCJENT w 0~ ,02 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ., .. ! t: ... ... i ... ... ! ~ "' ~ ... t ... ~ ~ "" 610 607 DISTANCE FROK KIV£~, FttT txl!YSIT 39. Snii!L\T£.11 CROU:-1):/ATE!I. LEV!LS 7$. DlSTAIICE ~Oli RIVER, STOII.\CE COtFFIC!tJ4l' s 0.000:! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I S3:)I a.~3ddV I I I I I ll'ttiMi$ O'IUl ;~OUl\'1 '£1'~ »OG._ IPI:pUV~ 181 I - I - I I I; I I I I - I - I -· I ,_ I,_ I,- 1 - I I I, I - - I I I I I I I I I I I I . -: CGM'~t; p~rt.~..£G1!0 WOM ~-'t'.tt F:"tl."':f,~.:!:'. r.rmet~~tonoM L t "' ..... 1 t<'~t'lt' RZZ.~ , ...... . MIIMc:::IRANQUM IIUIUICT Dr..,.J(Jhn Blzer, H.arza-£basco local Runoff into .. ,._.. Stephen: B~auer rO&n "'~lfO. I r~m. ~··· .. '!".-.~ ri.:B ··. to!.;;:;; r~.,~ f1T.u· ~ -...... ;jir:tQ- 4 3•12-84 R~~etn~ slough geohydrolOgy studio have been inconctusivli in estimating with p,.qeet flows ln the sloughs of the Susitna River between T •lkeetna artd Devil Canyon. Cons.equentlyoc pi"''!Cipitation and discharge records have been reviewed in order to determine if surface water runoH wauld be a sipif'reant factot" in the sloughs during with•projeet conditions. Precipitation recorqs at Talkeetna for the per;od 1943·1983 were reviewed to determine if summer monthly p..-.cipitation records for 1981 ~ 1982'" an:d 1983 were unusual in any way. The total monthly pnM";ipitation v.aluu were ranked in of'det', and are plotted on the mOnthly cumulative percent frequency cu..vu on Figure 1. The probabilities of the total monthly pi"''!Cipltation exceeding the values for the June, July and August for 1981, 1982, and 1983 are in Tabie 1. lt can be readUy seen that summe.r of 1981 and Jun..,.Jufy 1982 were unusually wet: August 1982 was about a"verate; Jun..,.July 1983' was very dry; and August 1983 wat watter than normal. In the small drainage basins of the sloughs., daily precipitation is more significant than total monthly precipitation when estimating 'peak local runoff. The imaU basins are likely to have short runoff pe.riods of concentration, and would respond rapidly to local precipitation. Daily preCipitation vahJet: at Talkeetna for tha 10-yur period 1972-1981 were analyzed for the :mOnths of June,. July and August to determine the pt'ObabiDty of daily precipitation exceeding a given value~ The monthly percent exceedane:e cu..ves are shown in Figura 2. There is Uttle difference betwe8ft the individual months~ When analyzed together With the cu..ves fr'Om Figure 1# this would seem to indicate that tha probability I of a ~iven ~ily amount of rainfall is abOut tha same at Talkeetna for the · :tlA £SA3Ce-month's of June tnreugh August, except that higher intensity storms are more likely to occur in July and August. L!'t 64 .lJ il higher ninfalf amounts wou.kt result in I July and August sun in Figure 1. Ona or two days per month of the larger rnon.thly averag.as for ... ! 'I l - l ! - j I ., ! .. J ~ J 1 t .I l l ail ~1 'lllllil i - r, J ! J ! l ..... ., ~ I ij - j ...J MJtli"i':h 12, 1984 Or. Sizer memo Pege 2 The dat!f precipitation ex~ance valu:as for 1982 und 1983 w~u·-. eaicu:lated for Junl~ July, ad August,. and compared againslt the 10..yar v~ues for 1911-1181 ln Figures 3,4~ and I~ ~va!y. These plots refl8t the same general trends indicated Ia T.ble 1. Ju:ne 1982 had a h.igher frequency of low dairy precipitation* but the number of days of moderate•to•hlgh daily precipitation wen about the same~ July 1982 had both more days of measurable daily rainfall th•tn normal, and larger amounts than normal. Its total mcmthJy precipi•~tiOn has only an 11\ pra,babiUty of exceedaoce. Augu.;;t of 1982 was doaa to the 41 .. year average monthly rainfall.. its daily prec.ipitatlon exceedance curve was similar to that of the 1972•1981 period. Ju.ne UJ83 had fewer days of .. precipitation than normal, with fewer days than normal equ:aUing or exceeding a given amount. July 1982 had sfightly more days than normal of musurable rainfall, but fewer days of moderate-to-high precipitation~ resulting in its fow monthly total. Au.gust 1983 had sUghtly more da,ys of rainfall than normat. with a higher frequency of days with moderate precipitation. Precipitat.ion records for Sherman and Talkeetna were analyzed for comparable summe:r periods in JunewAugust 1982 and 1983,. if! ordel" to determine if the sites are comparable. Daily pret::ipitation patterns vary considerably between situ (Tables .2 and 3), with the major differences generally being in days with moderate-to-hig,h precipitation. The differences are also dependent on whether precipitation is due to a farge,. regional storm,. or f~ local thunder storms. Stonn movement patterns up the Sus~a River may affect the amounts. Based on the short period of record,. 1t appars that Talkeetna is slightly wetter· than Sherman, with a slightly ~higher probability of receiving a given d~tUy precipitation during the summer (Ff:pre 8) ~ · However, .differences in total amounts and frequency are minor, and it can be assumed that the Sherman ara~ nur m:lny of the study sloughs. will receivtt daily pr'ecipitation in a s.imilar frictuancy to that at Tatkeetna, ev.,. though arnot1nts may not be on. ~he same day. Talkeetna precipitation records may ba used to estimate lticaf runoff in the sloughs; .. March 1984 Of'~ etzer memo Page 3 ., Tile t~ and volume of runoff in a drainage basin is dependent Crt mat:ty ,..,L fators,. ~neluding volume. intensity,. and pattern of p,..;ipitation; drainage basin ane: drainage pattem; vegetation; and soil characterist.b:s; groundwater level; antecedent moisture; and evaporation.. The analysts of local runoff in the study sloughs is further COmplicated by the br"-actdng of the berms at ~heir uppe.r ends by the mains:tem Susitna Riv•r, often during stonn; events which would .Mherwise be suitable for runoff a~aly.ses. StreamfJQW data for slough SA. 9. and 11,. and for .. ,e Susitna River at Gold Craek, are presented in Tables 4 through :.oectively. at is impractical tc generate daily runoff values based on the available data.. However, a sarii·quantitative analys*s may be cpnducted if certain assumptions are made. (a) The purpose of estimating local runoff in the middle Susitna stqughs fs to determine if access to s;>awning areas will be a problem under with-prof•=t conditions. Spawning areas wm be maintained by base flow. but acc•u difficulty may be determined by petiodle ~eaka occurring: from toeal runoff. (b) local runoff into the sloughs such as Slough SA and 9 wilt be rapid, b•sed on the near-surlKe bedrock charao:teristics and the small drainage basins. Actual runoff patterns wm vary from slough to slough,. bned o·n the factors stated above. A rainstorm .v•nt ocou rred during the period Sept.mber 28 -October 3., 1913, which permits some analysis tc be conduc!ed for Sloughs SA, 9 and 11. ~t.mber hltd generaUy been • dry month. Only 0.34 inches of rainfall ~had occurred at Sherman during September prior to this storm. AAteeedent moisture should have been quite low~ minimizing the runoff from eacti· ba.sin. None of the Jloughs were overtopped by the Susitne River during: this went. The da~ for the period is summarized ln Table 8.. Only 0~02 Inches of prcipitation was m.asured at Sherman during the previous 1 days. J - j l j J J J J J ....I ~ .....j March 1984 Or. Birer..,.. Page 4 Stouah I }it Analysi• of data for Slough 9 yielded the foflowint rusutts. Drainage Area: Total Prach:tUation (Shennan): total Pr-eeipitatkm {TafkMtna): Total Runoff: Estimated Base flow: Storm Runoff: 1 , 82 square ntUB 0.60 inches 1.88 inches (Sept. 28 -Oet~ 3) 5. 73,icb Par:eent Runoff (:Shenun) pracip. Percent Runoff (Talkeetna} pracip+ Volume (ft3 ) 2.JS00,000 1 ... 949 •. 000 6,169,000 2,970i000 3~199,000 128\ 40\ The upper berm was not believed to be brHched during this event. Th• obviously impossible percent runoff us;ing Shenna1~ precipitation ntaY have been caused by one or more of sev«ral factot'l. The Shftrman sage is located in the vaUay bottom (elevation 650 feet), ;Jnd may be shialdad from pracipitation falfing on t&e hither afeva&ns cr>f the drainage bas. in. Depending ~ the storm pattern, the Sherman gage may be on t&e lee side of the 5ilh1 to t'he north and west. The Chtditna River lodge, located at Glevatiem 1250 feet about 12 mUes away, measured 2.91 inch• of precipitation durint this period. Also, temperatures w.re fm~ing or nur-freeaing at Sherman from :September 22-lt. Precipitation may have faUen as snow on the upper elevations, and then maltad and ruft off <Nnng t:h4l day. The tipping bucket rain tase 'IYOfJfd not have recorded · the snowfaU unfass it melt'ad. ACtual pracipitatiot't on the basin is Uke1y somewh_.. between tha two vah.1es. The above. data indicates a hi9h ~ runoff P.rcentage for Slough i, although thef'it may be problems in accurately atimating total precipitation on t'h• basin:. The high ru110ff percentage indica.tM rapid response to preclpUatioft The pracipitation NCOrded et Sh&f"man for the above event was not particularly huvy, and WOUld be exceeded iboUt 10\ of' the days in UCh R10ftth f"''h'' Jufte through Aua.ust.. If dally pr&Cipitatiion events occur with a1 similar frequency as in Figura 2 .. then local runoff at Slough 9: should reach sufflcien·t levers for salmon access to lpawning. areas during the i~r nsonths. ----------~-,~~~~---~~"""" Man:h 1984 Dr. Sb:er memo Page5 Slou51h" 11 « "' Slough 11 had very tittle mponse to precip.itation during 1983 (Table 8)~ Slough 11 has a very small drairtaga basin. Rurt,off from the va.Uey slopes is effectively blocked by the bed of tha Alaska Railroad. Increases slough discharge were lest tha~ O.S cfs/day. Response of slough discharge appears cJosely retate:d mainstem flow instead of tt> precipitation, as indicated by sMpage mete:r'.~ata. stous,h 8A Analysis of data for Slough 8A yielded the foUowing results. Oraf.nage Area: Total Precipitation (Sherman): Tot•f Precipitation (Talkeetna}: Total Runoff: E•timated iaseffow: Storm Runoff: Per.unt Runoff (Shenunl precip. Percent Runoff (TalkNtrta) precip. :2.74 square mUes 0.&0 inches 1.88 inches 1 cfs • V()iume lft3) 8l9:.000 11 967.000 ~ "' I, 1.20.000 178~000 7,342.000 192\ 81\ Again~ the*"' appear to be pr()blems with the representativen-.s of precipitatiott recotds. For this particular storm~ Slough 8A appear'S vJI.ey res potts iva to preeipitation. However, the slough did, rtot appear particularly respon.sive to precipitation events fate Juft'e, and. July 1983. June ·~:d July were also periods of low preeipitation, muiting in low an.teudent moistu.ra.. RalnfaU Intensities were low.. For the period Juiy 5•10,, 1983.-the runoff percentages were 10\ and 8\* using Shermart and Talkaetna precipitation values; rnpctively* July 1983 was one of tha driest Juty•s on: record f~r Tal.keetna. St appears that the basin of Slough 8A will absorb iignificartt amounts cf pt"eeipitatlon following long dey periods,. but could respend rapidly to larger events. .. ": .,~~-~-"' w •• ,.. ..,~.: ""! ~. (,.t~rw..e J J l J J J .... l .... l j l j l T - l l .J J 1 • 'i - l j J ..J .J l ..J j l .J I· , OllllltBI!, D -I ~ - I • .. ~; I June Jutx Ausust I - 1981 Pr.cipitation • f nches 25 8.74 7.39 I Probability of Excaedance 1.5\ 0\ 15.0\ I 1982 Precipitation • Inches 4.20 5.74 55 I ProbabiUty of Exceedance 11\ 11\ 42\ I 1983 Pr.cipitation -Inches Ln 15 69 Probability of Exceedance 59\ 88\ 29\ _, I I Mean .. 1943·1983 2A1 3.46 . 4.65 - _, I -'I I :; I - I I ..... I -,, ~ j I "' :l .J . """.,. .. I ~ 'Ji .J I 1982fUMMER PR:EClPlTATiON, SHERMAN ANQ TALKEETNA, AlASKA ' j I J June 1982 July 1112 Aug. 1982 Sept. 1982 I Data !!!! Shar ~ ~ Sh.er Tlitll I i I 1 .02 .06 .04 .37 • .J 2 .76 .47 .(Jl .46 .37 3 .31 .43 I 4 .04 .15 .04 .01 ' -I 5 .n .01 .04 .03 ' 6 .41 .59 .01 :l I 7 .21 .27 .38 .09 .07 .15 j 8 .01 .10 .01 .38 .96 .ot T I .02 .04 .25 .16 .03 .19 }I 10 .fS .03 .08 .16 .18 .30 .01 .OS ~ I .J n .04 .04 Jl2 .09 .01 .06 .30 .22 12 .17 .10 .13 .06 .14 .12 I 13 .02 T 1.13 1.25 ....i 14 .01 .,(fl .18 .09 .04 :is .56 15 .50 .38 .09 .15 .08 .10 1.11 1.11 ! I . l l& .17 .19 .30 ~38 .92 ...... .46 -11 .09 .07 .16 .92 .37 .10 18 .01 .27 .52 .27 .39 .50 ' ! I 19 .02 .13 .71 J 20 .43 .sa .24 .16 .....! I 21 .02 .06 .45 .15 .13 .22 . ) I n .46 .52 T .20 .03 l """" 23 1.22 .92 .OS .13 .01 I 24 .64 .57 .01 .19 l 25 .08 1.32 1.12 .OS ) .J .76 40 I 26 T .04 .01 ! I 27 :. .07 .01 T .24 ,01 1 28 .03 .04 .01 .02 .13 .29 .21 .IS J 29 T .33 .4i .52 .67 .a '19 I 30 .11 .!Q .so 1.07 .90 .33 .12 l .i 31 .01 .31 .83 -! -.. " """' I TOTAL 3.98 4.20 6. 74 3. 70 4.55 9.14 1.54 l 1 j I ! .... I ..... I . I I I JJJne 1983 July 1983 Aug. 19213 Sept. 1983 Jl!!! Sher Talk Talk ~T,~ She:r TaJk I ---' ~~ .OS l M .18 JJ1 T .11 I 2 M .34 .10 .23 %01 T 3 M .57 T 4 M .02 .08 .12 .28 I 5 M T .24 .UJ 6 M .14 . .'11 .QI 1 M ~QS .03 .03 .5:1~ T I 8 M T .05 .04 .(B 1.51~ .01 .05 -9 M J)l .05 .01 .02 .rn .30 10 M .18 .01 .02 .05 I n .03 .02 .33 ·" 13 .69 T .21 .3S~ I' 14 .03 .2Q .02 .09 .17 .02 .30 -,, • 15: .02 .01 T .06 .01 .57 I 16 .01 -11 .20 .23 .35 11 T .01 .02 I 19 .02 .41 T 2,0 .03 .11 .28 .31 .15 -21 .01 .09 .39 .51' .03 I 22 .02 .lCt .02 .23 23 .27 .11 .01 . 12; .10 -24 .05 .ot .as I 25 .06 IS JB T T M .04 27 .13 T T M T I 28 . .,()1 .03 M .01 .1& 29 .19 T .01 M T' .31 1.12 30 .01 .01 .02 .13 .08 T' .17 .32 I 31 "" .. .04 .21 .03 T' ..... 'I TOTAL 1n 2,.13 1.75: 3.22 69 0.83 3.29 ( • 52) ( .tsl* ,, * June 11•30,. 1983 k ·, ' -!;I \-'/,' ' it\·.' t: r r r r r r t r ~. r r ~. I • :1 r ,., i p P~::':Pf> ~ ===·~ 'l'!i:ffto.l.li:fNN iisii o ocu.::~oo • *" ,. jJ ,. 1!' """" ........... """" ... N wwa"iiiUIIJ i ... • -i I .. I' I ·I i ·I ! a ! I ~f!;: -~~ ""' ,.. I Ia -I 0 . ''Iii M ~ I - I ·--:IN -••• - ... ,...,.. 111'<& il '* -· •w::r.illtV. "lii'WI!OOIVI ••• WI!WI! No:...:..:. ............... ~--..... -. ._ ... "' ~~~== Vl\ill\ill\ill'lil'l • * ,. "' ~ WI!--........ willt::rw"" N'""1"1JN""' oo. .... o ... • .... ~ if" •' •0\41'¥"- Vf\Jj;,p!,!!io. "" * ,. .•• V<wVI~ .. W'WWW • ,...wNI'II\N a:w~~o C:l~\o~ ...... _ CCI!0'""' ... w..,•-• >ill * "" * "'"""""""" ~ .. -.. .. *' !!" 11' .... ,., ..:t\.l!t\olltiii~JO! ....... ..,.w .,.._.,..N • 'I" * s • """CI'r<Oti!IIIO fii..,.NN• ., t~ • 4 • I """' ~ ... /:"'-"'-I I I I I e I s i I ! I"" Je-t <c:.i; ~~' I ~~ I Cl I f'll -f'/1 "'I . • I . - I "~ ., ~· .. :r -'II;' I I I I ~, r r I !""' I ! r -• --~~~~ ,... ..... c i • 1i -,..._ ivi ~~?P? ==~~~ WWWI ....... • ······* .,; .• '1010 ... 1010 ??:'?? =~=== oo-oo ooooo i~s:: :;~== - I I I I I I I I I I +CCHSW\tD~~ Vk~ ~"!r.)t~ l:IOIGJ.NI ' ...... <,.....r!t - - - ~I· .·· . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I TABLE I ":. QATc\ FOR ftUNOFP ANALYSiS FLOW (cfsl Date Precipitation Precipitation 1!@ $herman (in) Talkeetna Un! Slough Slough Slough St~1itna River 8A 9 l1 at Gold Creek 9121 T 9121 9/29 9/30 1011 10/2 t0/3 10/4 10/5 10/6 10/7 .01 .31 .17 .09 .02 .01 .16 1. .32 .11 .11 .26 .06 - 3.15 19.8 25.3 19.8 13.0 9.25 6.83 5~28 3.75 3.02 3.49 5.13 2.1 91'640 5.73 2.1 9,010 1.07 2~5 9,400 14$2 5 11,600 15.0 2.5 13,.600 14.6 2.7 12,800 13.8 2.7 11 .. 600 11.8 2.7 10,100 U:tl 2.7 9K600 10. t 5 8,800 8.61 2.5 ,,. ' l ..I J ) l illllli ·i ! l - ' 1 - l J J J ~ ~ l - 1 J ? .J ,J ..1 ;: ~ 1 - -. -. ~ ... +--.~ ~ ""~~""''"'"~--·· ~ . ~--_,..,.~ ... MI ___ _ ---d----~""'"- 't .,:: ~~ • l· • - !1. I I ) _, I~ '· )J -I l.i' .. ~ I ~~~ I ... ~--.. r .. :~ I .JI····~ ""' t = ..,,.¢ z I I flo. ¥' l }I -ft P' ..: ·~ -I· ... • f ,... I D M -.. ' I t~ 'II A I • < -L ,. I Jl I ~ ,.... I .. -I" - r r ~ r \ r ,.....,.. ........ hfl :r.:-· +• . , IW .. ,J;.,_ 1•:•""" ~"":t-· .. ~11. • c;., "' .... J: J• -~··..., -·· ~ ,. ...... "":.? ~~-~~ .~ ... ,~;a ·I l I ,J I I I I I ""''t'kM,.J: -·•~--;----::.. ~.~,.,. ·- ~·-r.,J'•••••J. ---~ .. ~'rJ, 'llfi.l~~·-~/1~ --... -. .. • .. . £· "'""""'·;:# -----i~~ '\ ' • ,. \ \ . \ \ \ ' \ I •• ,, (/#* 11' ,. •• , ., I ~· I ., H I I • f ;I I I ·.I I I J I I - r r ' r ! 1: r a r 1. r " r r " r '~. , ... ~jf"·~ ''IIlii> • .,. -· ·u Ml •.O !filt,~ -- ~;-~"~ ~"-- , ___ _ ..,. ·---- --. • P' •• "' I ~ I l .f:" I .. ·a ·I .. ~ I I I I I i/1• ·I --- # , "'~ ,.,.>""'""'"""""''$~-'-' ' +.'5~ltlf _____ _ """"' ....,>t,_,.JOl'¥-11~ ··~"~I ' . -' . 'l ......., f;'tPltf I ._~'1!JJ•,L -• ·--~~ .• ,.,. •• ,. ~*~----·-- J~;I 'P; -~, ·""'~~ -. ,,. ,. L• t"' •• .. ,, ,, - I' f' I l I ~ j .. h I I I I I . .. ...... - - - -I - -! r r t; t r r l r r • r • ·' · "" "-a "":" f"cl'-'*""'tlf .. I ~--_:"'1' '!:•-1' ,,. • "' •• ,"''I .... ,--,~ ... ______ .,... ____ ,...._"'1"'-__ ...... "'\, t) ... f"b\\-1 'V -.. f"' 1.1••~; .... ·~$ r-·-r~Ci r· ·~ -'""',._.,~~*-,._~ , t-f· ?:t"" c..e -,,.,,;;, 0" 'r "" " .. "' .. "' I ~· ,I l -I I 1 -I l I I I I I ' I r H6t ~..-:~~tws4• ··~~:~• "'•~P••a nu•qs .»i ••1"'_.. •:JftrJC ;, 1 ,, ;,~: ,~ - I,_ I :: I' I I I - I - I - I - I - I - I - 1'- 1 - I I I I - - r r ~l ~ ;;i g i ! o') ~~~ •. ,, IIIII • -... • ~ BID II -, ... II .. II IIIII uu .. II ... .... II t• ... II ••• .. II t• ... • ·~· ... • t"'l. IIIII • ••• .... II t*l ..... • , .. .. II l"'l. IIIII II ,., ~ .. ••• ... .. I" ... ii . ,., .. u II ·~· Ill& • l"l .... • ••• ... ii ,., --• ... •• • ••• Mit • l*t ... • .... = II ,., • .~ .... • ,., ·-ii ,. ... • 3a I • & .. IV • .Ill I& Ill ,;/t, .Ill ' Ill • • •• • • •• • • • • • I • • • •• • • • 1 .. • 1' • • • E •• .~, • -1111 ·1&1 • ,,,,, -t• ·~ li ,~, t•t ti t*t ttt ,., li •. , ,., I"! j•t ·~ , ... , t*t 1'"1: ... ,, , .. I *I ·~· l"'l .... Ul •• ttl Ill Ill Ill Ill • • '" .. • w • • • -t • ., • R2 ut ttl m tlt • • ·CCI • •• l.ft • •• * .. •• r tiZ --I& .. • ld --HI --Ill -.. -.. ... dl i* z· ., .., , . .. •. , •• * .~. ll" • t•t t*\ •• I* I t*l m ,. I'* m t•t 1"1 -,+, •• • ••• ,. E .. l" liZ .. , c· m •• I" •• ,. .. Ill .. a· M , . .. • ·~ •• -•• a· • , .. f' .. , . . .. • •••• r .. ,., , . • l"l l"•l • r• i•t IR .. r at ,, , ..... --... ... . ... -· .... .... Hid Hid IIIII .IIIB -· r• I"JO> ra 1*.;. .1*1 Itt ..,, ,, .,., f't 1'*11 ••• I" I. ,.J -~~ n ,., l*l t+t r• t*t. 1: ~· , . ••• " ., n .~ . ··-•. , ··-t:l. ..... tl. .... , .. ·~· , .. , 1!1-.., .. ~ z·s .. .... . .. ,._ l.*t ,,,, :t"C e• .-.-lllil • -. .-.a IIIII • -IZ -. i•J • ••• t11 • ••• • I'll II rll • ,.. " t"lt II ...... " ...... tl rtt tt '*" ti t\f a I*M II 1"11 II I'M II .,. ' til I t-i ' '" ' At i , •• , t ft .I n :1 tW i .L03.t:O~d 3 8..L::J3-a3Q8UAH 'f'N.LXSAtl ·oN:t I .(t" .. I I .. I I I I I I ;t :.".,_' ------------------ 1'.• '[ _,~ •. JIG-¥ . ~Jk1 liQ. ,.,., .2HU. :l.tf·PJ.QH .• .U ·•••• ~ .. . . .· . . . • . f:t.iG fDJV .,P.lJ.ftmH ?Bt\J:;(¥'131 ~# r ... ~ ' . '". ·· A'1lWG. atL til pcrtl~tU . . . -J.OH 3tMI 88,1110 'H#f18 ~crH098 13.1 . liMO . . .1.~~" .. ·.~ liS!, 38\' SGJdS QN.tft tr.dM 318Vl"T::IIth SSN.lG¥3ll A.lJ:GlMmt Jlil.L¥'1.11 ~~J.ON ·· e·z S'Whii.J.:NI 2 an,., l.'S "1l'AQ1HI I .... , .. ,.s '1YAIIJ.HI ·1 MNIN ..... 8\AIJ.UU: ~ SOtflW Mel ft1 '" .· .. tt • ··~ ttr K .• , e· '"'I • 111 rr • a rat .... ••• • • t•t sa • at I* ~~ tt • ri • 12. •• Z*! 1"11 B • .r•:t •• • :Mt •• ,., s • t•) •• 5 .. ••• ••• • • .~~. m au ••• n IE • n * U: • ••• l"l tl • ·•·r • • ·JR.c , .• i*t It • t•.t • a till .~. ,., It • ·~· 1: II -••• r•t It • ·~ . ,, lte ,. ,., • • •·c ., II flZI ••• s·-t2 • t•t • l.l at .•. , f•c • I 1*£ • tl *" l":l 1"£ l,t • ,, at .J.Sf\1 *Jtl'A J,V .,.,.. .LSAI ........ ·xvN J.V ~·ur.··.J.Wtut :ens •.xw ttl! ·~ qnj *PH J.¥ .iJA J.sns •• ,. • f"d I* I ... ... ,. .~ • l"tl ,., l'# u :~.· :E* m rn ,., ,., . • I.: t• til ,.,. .. , ,.., •• ,. r· "' •••• ••• ... IZ ,. , . * t"tl it I. 1"12 R r•• .. , •• i"Sl l't , .• • ,. s· • J"Sl a·s t•ti t2 ,. 1.* SR t"fl ,., ~;·a rz • •• ,. ,. l'tl . ,., j"IJ •• ,., ,. • a·r;• r;•.t 1"11 II ••• , . • ra ,., t•az • ,., 1*1 1.11 ,.,. tic , .• •• ,. a· J$1 j;a t'll .. . "" •• ,. ,. • en I" .I ~~-1.1 ,. 1/ ,. t*ll r.£ ........ , fl • I I I I , . ·I II ~ '' .~~ rl • • .... IN //' ,. • ,.n " e·a Sl tl .... ,,., • • ..... • . ~ t• • , .• .... , I*.Cl tl .. I £t ........ ... -II • 1111 HI .. .. -Bill -· IIIII .tJ ll ... .. IIIII· II .. .. -.. .. --... ... II : .. ' n ... ·au .... •• ... :: -1111 .. -. .., .. .. -I& II ... ----.. .. \ /, . ., II • .. --' .... -... II -Au Ill -.. • ...... ---' I -Jill ... • 1 .. -.. .. .. -.,.. .... ... I I. •• .. ~ tl 11U .. .. .. ... • ..-. .... .., I. ,. .... .•1111 .. • Ill .. . .. -... .. -.. ... ' '•: . s Jlllll .. -• .. --.. --,._ ... .... c t --·-... II --Ill ---.. ---• £, ·~!& ... l8a • .. .. -.. .. -.. .. ... I I .... -.... • 11M -• .. ... Ill . ... .. .... a ' . , ' "' ' ~ .• . .. ..... • Hit -.. 1111 -:IRH ... .. ... I ... illl -~ UJ6.t ~-u:•t OMliM :IGWJ. WJ.~ MOlJ.\1'18 aiUOft tMai3Hs :fiD:J 'fMM'Ie .4"'1Wfm4 .J..O;at.£'··0~ ~ ::J X -.J..:QB-,:SOad .. <lA.Jo-1 ¥:N . .L Z'SnS •oNX •s.J..NW.J..,n8NQO W • ~ I -I I I .. - - - - - - r r r r- l r r r r .... ! r r ,r r r r ~r I .... _ "LMIOcl , ... (~Mf · ·IJgJri .. F~·:·. £ ·-• a 1ens ~xw l-' ·~ £M:t '· .. s . . --· ·~ ~-• x• 1' •"1Jli ·~tJ:~,; ~'•.j -.. Dl t 1S11S "XWI .l¥ •1!ff\ ~.SRI i·t ~lla.tllt z·:SMtw _fSl& ·•w .tv •,an··-_·11ft9 - ·~~.· .. -..... _.nrnnr;.~~. ' .. r.--!~ .. ;~.·\.·~.·~. :~ .\J·· J ~ ~· .. ·~jH b~triiJ~ .• G ·-.w .·· ..1..0 £"0Hd OXHL'03"'"130.<IA-H 'WN..l.%SnS *ONX 4 S.J..NW.L"""1nSNOO W ·11ft Ill ., " ,; , I ., .. ...... · . .•. ::• ,l;;liDGB -~MJ. .., ~ iliU :1¥ .&Jl.GN ... *,.J.MtO.iel :ftalc; ;; ·:! ... ,~;,: ,. a'lt¥1 .JNJ. MI O<m13M:t ~~ ;-~~ ttV!Il ass, ·aw sun.s alfl" •••·· navi-u -:tl¥"138 ,, . ..-~' . ' ' " ' ' .,., ,. ' £*9 9'£ ... , I:*L sail r:w • ... * ' ·DQ; e •• 8·ftlfU a ... G' ... DQ ... ... .... • !!!l 41 MK . , -•• ..• It t ·• J1<fAtt , .. , tl -t!l ~ £1 t"l a llCZ ••• .II .,. t* ;It BR· •• ' = ,. 'I • r ' i. IIR •• .. ' •• " I -l"t t -I "I I • f!,l I ., , ... I -t• . .,.. II ;: ·-.. ... I¥ 1ft S'WADUI:t e; $n1:i J:.SnS· *XV .. 1,¥ .. ,_ poD ._AlP~fll ' sni• isn$ "'~\fH.lV .. ,. "Nt1111Bltf! ' -~~~ ········ ··xw., .J.v -~ •X\fi&.L\f ~. -I' J.Sm)' B"1VNi$J.Mt' I ilftNtt4 ·~ . L~ ~.~~ a .;,~· ,. .. -~~~. IR , .. , ..... ,, ., .• -• •• .... ·~· IIIII .,. .. ~,~ J'*l I"' I •• ..... . rt .... t:*t lt.& ·~· ·~· .. , rs ·~·~ 1'1 .... ·~ ·" n ••• 3W • .. u r ·i" • t"'t:l .... • :Is ft • r.t s·t • , ... ,, ,.l til 14' • ,f•t • ,. ,. .. I"U I'll ,,,, -!3', ... RIB •• -IIi .... -.. ... .. .. .. • .. -... • • --u t'l n liZ ,. •• • ,., n tu ••• i1 lfi z• :f• • " r¥= ·i'U tiC • n .. r I* .. ,., &'I , .• , ., • rt •• •• t· • ,, n 1'1:1 t• t*Jl ., .. ~. .. ·~ •• • 6*11 II'' a.rt • ,~ t• Ill ~. .. , ,., •.. , .. ... ,~ tB j• ,. • 1"1 -~~ t"'' • • ..t • ..... r tit ~"''' 2*• ~.~. til ! It • ·I* a· • ~':It , . ••• II . ,)fi ,. l" "I I; ,. I" ·-1"11 •• • ·:n • s· I* • ~' ... S'*tl tl . • l"t fR ~ I" • t"l t: t'll fll I"'C • n It ,. :r· • .~., ·~-1ll • ;-,t • ,. ,. • tfotl •• ·~· ·= • ·l)'~tt • ·~ •• • ,,. .. t't • ••• ~~ JQ. ·~ • ,. r M &•JI ,., til !J • t!t • ,., •• • ... , l't ••• 1£ • rz Ill s· •• tEl rn •.. , t•C~ II J ,., • ·:r~ ,. • ·~~ .., .... • • VI • •• .. m t·o .•. , t"'t1 • • ,., • .. r • "' _., '~·· • • i•t • ,. t• • ,,. j.t!,lJ l"tl II • ~~ • .. •• 14 '"" i*t , ... a • n .. ,. , . • t"tl ~;,t • •• • • t•t "' ,. ,. Ill :a~·~ :A ·ria ... . :1 • • ·MI Ill • a a ~· ,. • •• ... . ... ;: . .. ~-~-... ... • ··-'Ill -.. -•• .. -.. -.. •• ~X~~~3,3D.GAH ~N~ZSAS cS.LNW.J..."""'O$N0:3 W -. ~ sf a • :II • • tZ • • II II " •• '' -~ tl u II tl ll ' • ' ' I t • I I -" ~ ... •· 01 - j*!. ~~t -~. - :( ;I -I ·t -• •• I I - '"I ,. '• ., -I t ·: '"' ·~ - .. • J - I -t I - f ~ - I -- ..... l 'lNlO.t ftH ~ A'"\ltn ilHJ. Nl oan~Nt H'Da .LON M¥Hl SH"l 3HW' SG334S .(DtlR IGHft '2"1l::tWT"1'l!llaurt 6 "B S'1\fAlJ7i!J.KI 2 SD'l.t 1Sn:J "XWM. J.\* "131\ J.tnS 8 "£ '1\*t)UU*l l Sftld l~ • XW i.w ·ji~t; . . £ •a 1WlGl:Rt l Bn.Nt!A 1US "~W if "iBA E ·a ~naaJ.MI 2 snN1M ~ • xwM J.w · • .,att .~ r r • a•t~ •••• ..... a • .,., • •• t• • t•.t , .. , ... S"t1 Qllll IE . , z:·t .. , • Ill ,., • t•l .. , 112 n n Z:*tl • a Itt ••• Milt II • ,., at ~ •• ; .. ··1 ~~ t•t c II :=, r ···-• • ~~~ •• .. r tD ,. ;,.,.. I" I :12 IZ , .. .... ft • , .. '" rt ••• • a·t· c·u .. rt 'R • flit ••• z·11-• 10 ,,, • ,., t•J .. 6'!• 9'*11· ~~~ • * 1'"1 9'!1;.. IJ • ,., .. 1*1 1'1 • ... -~ .. ''~ ·• tl ••• rn• It • ,., • rt ~~~ • .... t*t-,. • , .. a a l"t ! ... ,_ ft • ~~ • .., t•t .. t• t•z .. Vt t •• •n t• ..... ~' Ill ••• -,. z· • ,., r .•. , . R at .. , 1*6 • • C"2 Mt t· ,. Dl 1"6 ,., Z:"'U R • ••• t'"t t•s " • ~~ .. t• t• 1.'£1 ,., ·~· r.l R " Itt I . ~. ,., • • ,., .. .., ,. • l*t .... .... , ., • .... z~t .121 ,. m t:t- it -1"1' t·-D • , .. ·• , . t• • ••• r " ,. ••• .... • • t•t az r t• •• rs . ... '"CI fi • II ·~ ••• .. , " I ., . ., .. ,. t• •• t·t ,, ... t"'4\ II J: tl ttn t• , .. I& I • ~.t IR ,. r "' 1*1 , . .~, .tt: a tm , .. ••• it IS 1'1 ltl t• t• • z•t ft ... tl II -~ ••• t•t H 15 t•t .0'2 ,. r • ,., n -~-~ :Jl \t-IG 1*1 t•t • • z·£ • r t .1£ £'1 ,., s-m ll II •a .~ c·t tC .. ,., • t• -~ l.tt ... ,. t·~t· It ' tmt a· ·~· • • t'l m ,. t m '"'' t*t t•k .I I au z· ., " • ~·~· m .. ,. c ~~ .rl ..• , I : t ·su .. , ,., ·• • a·t· •• ,. ,. • C"s· , .• ;. ;£*Jl ' • .. ••• ..... • • •. ,. • I" ,. • .., rt--·~-~ ' s .... , .. ,_ a • l*'t 161 r , . • t•s t*t· z:·•• I t , .• ,., .. a • .t•t .. r t• •• t•$ ~ .,~ t. I -•. , J•t • . -~ It! C" a· ·• -~, ~~~ t I Itt$: ••• ~~~ I r I uu 1*1 '~ • t•t I ..... • , .• ' ..,. • • '~:* ,: ... .aa • . .• ... ••• ... .... • ... .. ...... ·e • .. .... .... .. .;. • * . il;\3 Si .. •• ··a .J .. # '! ·~ r ' r l : t&J." .·· .• A~~~f\.,~ HQU.¥J.& .-:tm. 2J···· .,. . ~: \./ L ~· + 'iillflilill& ' .i ,.j . • .. . ' i::i x:·ii.L .0 :5I ..L.D:aS::Ot:t·d 30.~·<1AH ~hl.L~sns • =-Nx c S..LN·fd .1. -ane,n!IIIOD 14 • 1JI r I. tl6t t;Ot .t-.-;11-s lc'fpua a•x •lR ~oJ ••~ PlOD :=• .t•l!.'f'l I'U!IJI'ftl -JO .bl'lpf'fa •JI'UJI\N a xtmma:av '!' 'I - I I I I -I I I I I I I I I - I I I I I ;, r I r r r r r r ___ I - r 4 r t """'i I I t r r t r ! "' r r \ . ll tM~• *6 *W ... MlS ••:a-a •ls•'P•W ,.. -~:a·~· SDfhD $ I I I I .I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ,. s12/q3 DESCRIPTION OF QAGh!fG STATION ON SLOUGH SA SUSJTNA RIVER Location: On right ba;nk .OOUt 3500 fe.t upst.-... ~ mouth of slough. 70* upStf"Nm of groundWater observation walls 8;.8 and 8-1. Estabfis.hmant: Gap: May 21 .. 1983 by RIM Omsultanb, Inc. Stevens F.;1 rtteorder, ..... tio 1:5, moun·tad on 10" stUfing wall in right battk of sloush~ Recorder is referenced tO an oqbide staff gage and set to gaga datum. History:· As recorder was located in this tlough ht 198'!2 but no ulabla data was colf:ictid due tO beaver activity di.s:ruptins the stage-discharge Mtlationship at the site. Channel and Control: The c:hartnel is,. ~.ad ·of . c:obblu and silt and ~% ~tJ~Ii. It is straiGht '*r 100 feet above· the gage and there is a riffli ~ 40* down•tr-.m of the gage. Chattnal is wide a1rJd does not exhibit t11!;9e stage' changu. Dhdta,... ... as.ur-fta: Low flow' measu~ts can be made accurately about 150• upst~eam of t.ha gage ill a narrow but smooth flewing channel. High flow can be measu~ed at the gage. Regulaticm: Diischarge will be affected by the flow in thil ~lnst• Susitna River when it overtops the berm at the upstream and of the slough. RefeNnc. .Marks: 0 elevation on staff gage at stmins wall .. !)61. 98 MSL.. RIM rabar and Afc:ap right bank Slough 8 nar WeU 9 .. 9 ID number 125.9 S6 RB.,. 571.56. r I r I r r r r ! ! ;! i ' I - ~:-~,:'-~ ~,~r,. •==(2 ~~~~~ .............. ····""" !If A< • Jiii * ----- , PP!>PP !>P!>PP PPPPP PPPPP coooo PPPPP u ===;ta :c:~;f= t:.t:a :::t: ~ii:s :e:=: -Q . • "' ,. - I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I .I * s12/q2 DBSCIUPTION OF~~~= r.:.~ON C)N SLOUGH t Location: On. right bardt of Slough t a.bout 1300 feet ups,ream from mouth. 100 fat upstl"1Nm of g.roundwatar obs.rvation well 9·12. fbtablisbmant: Gap:: 5-21-83 by RIM Coniuftants, fm:. Stevens F•' recordef"" . ratio 1:5 lftOUnted on 10"' stnting well on right bank of sr..,gh. R~~r iJ ref~fKI to an outside staff gage attached to the downstram side of the stilling well. History: . A recorder w•• ~~ted ia: this slout;h in . 1982 at a toca~iora about 3tJO• upstream of the preHDt loqtkm. ~·...-corder wts ~ted to take ldve . .,tage . of a cross ... sactiort with an impf"'vfKI staP .. dit.charge relationship. Ct\anftel aa:d ContrOl: the channel is composed of eobbfu and silt., The gas-is located in a straight section betwnn two riffles. C:hannel subject to siltation at h19ft floW. Dildttt(p U.uvement.; Low flow measurements can btt· made at a tuu·row section abot.~t 100' t.~pstrum of· the gag.e. High flows can btt measured at the gage. Resvl._: D(a:h•rs• will be affected by the flo,w in the mainstem St.~sitJul .River when it oveif'tops the berm at the qpstram eel of the.siOt.lgh~ "'•ferena Marks: Zero elevation.· c:m .. staff gage on . stillint well. Elevation 591.15 M$L. RQ-f rebar Tar.t 1-15 on .1"' bank of tlot.~gh ab®t tOO" dOwnstream of ttilling welt Elevation 597 .. 50 MSL .. r r r r r ,, r r I r r --· J!. -• f ; ~'~~!'#~ !"!'~r-!" a'==2: :=:1~: :".:"!"'t'*!" !"~f"~~ .,~fl.lf'QN ~:ct;:e ===as ik&i:s , ~--4-----------'lllf<ffillllt __ _ •••--• .-.-MNN ~=ii~ ~~~~i ieeii ei=~ .;;~~~ !f .. '!I< •• * ~~;&i >1i!i11Jilflit.-., ......... ~~~ -=~ I ---------· -----•·• ~-···· • * ~-. * •• ~c~ ~-~= =·--==· p~ ft . ,. . • . - • -~,~, ~.' I I I I I I I I I I ·I I I I I I I .. tll!ql DISCIUPTION OF G~GIHG $TATJON ON SLOUGH 11 SUSITifA" RIVER Lontfoa: On left bank in Slough 11 about «.10 fat upstream of mouth of tklusn., at cron·sectt<m 13$. 7S2. !stabUsltftMnt: Gap: August 9. 1982 by RIM Consultants. Reutablithed on May 24. 1983. Stevens F-1 recorderf! ratio h5, mountw on 1,Q~ stUUns well in center of slough:. R~nfar i.s referenced to ''"' outsidli staff gage on· a f.mca post and aet to aas• datum. History: Period. of record 8•9•82 to 10 .. 21·82 and 5-24·131 to 10-27·83. Channel afttl C.trol: . The Channel is ccmpos8d of cobble'$ and silt. The crosa•sectlo" is not Pflriicularly good. lt is 40* dow"strum of ~ bend in . the slough and upstl'H4t of a small bOf.tltj:Jer flefd:.. COntrol is provided by the bouldei' field and a slftlll riffle ~t too• dowtt11tl'eam of the gage. Werenca Marks: Zt.,o .-.vation on. staff .. gage nut stilling v.~ell -&70. 18 fnt. MSL 1\CM ~, and Afcap on right bank of crost·sectfon at stifling weU, fD num&er 135.752R8. Elevation &74. 78 fat MSL .. f r • I = I • r { i • - •-ll'lu::.o ooooo ocooo ooooo ooooo -·-oo islsi ~~~~= sslii ~!~~~ cisil assai IIT~IIrJ!riiT IIT~II:##' 1/t',#';Jit## ... WWWfot ;,.~;;.:.,~ ~C.i..t.W ;.:.,;,!.:. :.;.:,.~· o ooooo cu:•ooo ooooo ooooo o,o-oo oooo,o b ; !iii~ sss&s ===== isiii iidtss iisli ~' ..,...,w..,.w """"""w.w ifioilw...-w• • • ~ ~ • • ~ ~ • • • • * ~ * 'Wii\illl\11' ... \11' Ulllol!'\11'\tl\il' """·-·- .. .,.,, ...... . • * • • .• • ~ -· ••. --\111-... ... ........... ~ !fi??PP ooooo ooooo ooooo ocoee ooooo ~ ===•~ =•== iJ!=~ illii a::; ::::·1 •••w""' ... wwwililf ;.,:.:.:,~ VtV,~·-fo<WWWW W ... iWI•n"' ... ~ . . ·• •:• . ""'""""" .... "' \11' ....... ...... . .. ., "" "" -9-WW ppppp ooooo ooooo ppnp ooooo PP!"PP •'~=== ciass iss:: '''!~~ ie1!~; ,,=~= ~!"!"l~!" ~!-!-!"~ !*'!'!"!'I'!" \11'\11'--W W\11'\II'WW \IIIWWWW &NNNN 'II<"* it .t< ill' ........... wwwww "" * •• 'if ...... _. ..• •oo ooooc ooooo ooooo PSI'Pf'P !>PPP!' iii tiiii iliu i~~~~ IIIII ~~'!'!I I fi!I&.NNN il!llioU'IfN>N :..;..,:;,.~~ ~~~;,.;... -'~ "!'t . • . .. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I - I ;I I i I I -I I - I - I - I - I ,' -~ ,< I - I - I - I I I I - ; - . .. st2/m1 Date 5-22.•83 6--10"'83 7-14-83 &-10 .. 83 a: .. n-83 8!"24·83 9-21-83 9·23-83 10..11·13 10 .. 27-83 .. :io Mean Daily (c'f•l 19;000 21,000 19,800 31*900 21~:100 14,100 11,0QO 11 ;500 9.300 5,300 SE&PAQE. METER O:ATA Meter il=l Ave~ w.s.e. of ·· "'· .. · Slough T e:IDP:*rttuN .lmb:..L (ft~••·l co 119 513*64 3.1 121 513.60 3*7 28 513.54 5.:5 151 513.66 4.3 152 513.64 .. .... .. - 12 513.57 20 513.64 .. 18 513.85 4 ..;1 513.33 3.1 Pie%OJmtter H•ad __!ft). 0.14 0.09 0.02 0.02 -0.14 Comments: ~pas• meter was located in gravel bed in an ,,.... with e few sman visible unweUings. . · Pfezometer installed on 8 .. 11·83·, Screen is 1 foot below substrate. ~ ., w ; ~ J 1 J J 1 .J ~ ;i ' .. ~~ J ., Ji 'J l l - l .J ' J .J . st2/m2 Date" ,,22;-83 6·10..83 1·14-83 8~10-83 9-:n-83 9-23-83 "' .. 10·11-83 10-27-83 Mean Daily Qgc; _!cis) 19,000 21,.000 19,800 31.900 1LOOO 17.500 9,300 5.300 SEEP Av•rase w.s.e. o1 Piezometer Vof/min Stough Temperatut'6 Head 'ml.l tft.msl.) e• _ __jftl 122; 574.16 3.4 103 574.69 5.0r eo 574.37 7 .Clt 104 574.82 4.S 71 574.75 45 574,31 2.0 Comments: Seepage meter located 300 feet downstream of berm. 1·4 inch cobbles in channel. Channel dewatered" on 9,.,21 and 10·27. Pool formed on 10 .. 11 by snow and ice downstreanlt control. No piez~ter at this site. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I s12/m3 .. " Mean Daily Date Qse .~cfsl 5·21~1.1 20,000 5·24-83 17 .. 000 ~8-83 22#000 7 .. 13-83 19,.100 10•11-83 9,300 10·27·83 sf :roo Comments: DATA Average W. S. E. of Piezometer Vctllmin Slough Temperature Head (mi.) (ft.msl.l c• (ft) 169 592.70 169 592.60 3.4 7S 593.00 3.0 255 592.65 3.4 0.15 138 592.79 3.5 0.09 107 592.65 3.5 0.11 Seepage meter toc.ated at downstream end of Stough 9 on right bank: in a.rea of large bank seepage. 6erm overtopped on 6-8 .. 83. PS.:~ometer inttaUad 7 ·13·G,. l -.i J l J .J ., J ..... 1 1 .....~ l J .J J 1 ,j .J ~ ...... l .J l J l ...... ....I i .~ ., ...l ...J i j .J - i . I • • I I • • '-• • • • • • • I • • • s12/m4 "' j Date 5-24-83 6·10-83 7·13-83 8·10·83 9·•23.•83 10-11-83 10•2:1w83 SEEPAGE METER DATA Meter i9·2 Mean Daily Average W.S.E~ Qs,c Vollmin •rbitrarv Temp. (cfs) (mt.) (ft.msl.} ~ 11$000 44 0.69 4.1 21,000 25 0.70 4.0 19,100 38 0.82 s.o 31,900 66 1.11 5.5 17,500 51 0.95 7.0 9,.300 85 0.98 6.4 5~300 36 0.87 4.8 Piezometer Q in Head Tributary _(ft) .Stream (cfs) ... 11.9 -1.8 0.71 1.1 1.17 30• 0.88 recent rains 0.88 recent 21" snow Creek high 0.73 0.9 comments: Staff gage elevation not s.u rveyad. . S"P&9e meter" locatad in rmarshY aru whh:h f•teds tributary stream to Slough 9. Downstrum meter of two • I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I s12/m5: • ; Data 5·2:4 .. 83 6 .. 10-83 7•13w83 8-10·83 9~23-83 10·11·83 10-27·=83 SEEPAGe METER DATA u.ar-··w-3 Mean Daily Avenea w.s.E. Qgc Vol/mln arbitrary Temp .. . (cfs) insl. l {ft.msl.) ~ 11$000 180 0.69 4~ 1 21.000 110 0.70 4.0 19 .. 100 53 0.12 s.o 31#900 149 1.11 S.S 17,500 84 0.95 7.0 9.300 71 0.98 6.4 5,300 90 0.87 4.8 Comments: Piezometer Q in Head Tributary (ft) Stream ( c:f1) . 11.9 -1.8 o.n 1.1 1.15 30• 0.90 rec:11nt ndns 0.93 f"'KIIftt 21 .. snow Cr11ek high 0.81 0.9 Staff gage •lev•tion oot surveyed. S..-pa!Je meter located in marshy aru whic;h feeds tributary stream to Slough 9. Upstream meter of two. J l j J i - l 1 .J -I ..J -I ' I } - ..1 -I .J 4 \ ' .oi ' l ,, ., ....J i 1 .J l ...,j l - I' .. I I I I I I I I -I I I I I I - I I I I s12/mi ~ 8·12-83 9·21·83 9-22-83 10•7*83 10-11~83 10~27-83 .. :1 Mean Daily Qgc lc&l 24,500 11.000 13"600 81300 9,300 5,300 Comments: SEEPAGE METER DATA Metar •11•1 Average W.S.E. of Vol/min Slough (ml.l ~ t38 11 70 S3 59 671.16 671.07 671.08 671.08 611.08 611.06 Pie:zometer Temper·ature: He:ad ----~c-•.----(ftl 5.5 3.0 2.9 2.4 0.04 0.065 0.015 0.04 0.08 0.09 Snpage meter lor.:ated at streamgage site Pie:zometer installed on 8·12·83. ' I . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I sl2/m7 • "' .. n.Daifv Average w.s.E. of Piez:omet•r Qsc Vol/ min Slough Temperature Head Date (cfs) (ml.l (ft.msl.l co _jft) 8 ... 12-83 24,500 60 1.11 5.2 9~22-83 13 .. 600 41 1.04 10-7·83 8~300 41 1.04 3.6 10.11·83 9,300 45 1.05 2.4 10-27·63 5,300 40 • 1.01 2.4 Comments:: Seepage meter located 100 fnt upstream of strumgage on right bank In aru of visible upwelling. Staff gage elevation not surveyed. 1 inch ice cover on 10-7·83. 4 inch ice cover on 10•.27·83. No piezometer at thit site. ~ J i .A J j lillol ..J 1 ' J ~ lillol -l ~ ...l J ..J J l j ...! i .J I .....i -..I . sl2/m8 • • SEEPAGE METER DATA Metat' i2f*l M!tM Daily Ava .. ag•W~S of Main stem Qgc Vol/min Stough Susitna W~)E Data (cfs) (ml.) (ft.m!l.) ,ft.ms&.l 6·9•83 21 .. 000 95 744.84 748.07 2·83 19#100 132 744.19 748.18 8·10·83 31.900 104 746.29 749.44 8-12-83 24,;500 147 744.91 748.80 8-25·83 27~<400 117 745.35 748.89 9"·24 .. 83 15#200 166 744.19 747.25 10·7 .. 83 8i300 158 744.79 746.66 10·11-83 9,300 159 744.78 746.86 .. 1(} .. 27-83 5,300 112 744.19 746.11 Comments: H Tem,.ratura ~ .Jttl C!l 3.23 4.0 :3.38 4.5 3.15 6.5 3.69 4.1 3.54 2.46 3.5 1.87 3.8 2.08 3.8 1.32 3.5 Seepage mete.-is lce:ated along right bank of Slough 21 at Staff gag.a 142.057C. No piftometer at this site. Stough overtopped on 8·10~83. Recent heavy local rains on 9-24-83. -~ ',. . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I st!lm9 "' • SEEP - Mean DaUy Average Piezometer w.s E. W.S.E. Qgc Vollmin Temp. Head Slough Ma.instem H · Date . (ds) (mi.! ~ . (ft.) (ft.msL} 1ft.msl.~ 1f1:..l 5·22-83 19#000 1·9·83 2LOOO 7·12-83 19,700 8-10·83 31.900 8·12 .. 83 24.500 8·25*83 21.400 9·24·83 15.200 10-7-83 8.300 lo .. n-83 9,300 10-27-83 5,300 Comments: 168 lSI 390 liS 435 382 310 327 356 331 3.7 4.0 4.5 5.2 4.0 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.5 0.29 0.31 0.24 0.39 0.39 0.35 0.19 0.35 0.38 744.94 747.&1 &7 745.03 148.01 3.04 745.03 748.18 3.15 746.35 749.44 1.65 745.12 748.60 3.48 745.36 748.89 3.53 745.04 747.25 2.21 745 .. 01 746.66 1.85 (cafe.) 745.03 746.88 1.83 (calc.} 745.03 14&. 11 1.08 Seepage meter located along feft bank of Slough 11 near Staff gage 142.05$8 at site of past streamgage. Slough overtopped on 8·10·83. Slough ncet overtopped on S-25·83. large amounts of upwelling obser"Ved throughout slough on 10·27·83. ! ....J J I .J l ~# J l j J ~ j ...1 l l illlll J .! ...I l ...I ! IIIIi 1 1 J ....il I ~ - :~ J ! ! ~ .J ' ! - 1 :I J ;t J ~ I - I - I I I -I I I - I - I - I - I ...., I - I ao1:p~ •klS •n• •l"•.u••CJD Ji•l•ptmcl.t:ll I - I .~ I i "" I 'l I r r t r [ r r I r I' ' r ... I el I •• I I ' I I • J I • :1 I I e I """" " J m - It p4 t -:I ... ~, - II I I - I """' ' I - I , I . r ' ,. t ) t. r r I I I -, I I I . I .I • I ~ C;;l I ~I =-=I • -~I •3 -II I! ,,._ •if I ~-"'i "i I t""' <4 - -I I ' 'I - I ct ,..... J I ·-...,;i.-~ .. -I • ,/1 ..... r r r t r t ,, r I r r ' ' r ! f, I I I I .1 I cl I ·Cii ' ~~ - I . I· ... ' ·I - "' I - 'i I I ... I s - I - I - " ~ -I '""we---. _....,...,,., I r -I r r I, r r r r I r i -. --Ofi:Qti\11 ' .. l-~-¥· -,i"-·-..o-" I ()I I (} I I I ; I I I r -' k j [ r r I ~' r I Cf I I J ' I ,, ~, I .. -- !---·---· ,, ' ,, ' ' ··-• 'T 'T ' ·'' --~~.=----~ t~=.=-==~:t:'·==:t==:t:==t==::t[~=~ ' • 1 .=--· -.. -.. -_-+_ ---l---"""-::-=7: t=::: :---r----1 I d I <i I I ' I I I - - ..... - - - !""" r I ,, r I r r ~· r l J, (! . •: I I I • -"' • -"il ~ I·-' qll!l'.....,_.,~i *""~-;"' / '-' ""' -.,,., ,._, * -..-~it-,, I I ~ I • ' I! !P i CJ I I I I I I • d I I -- - -, - - - i! ~·· i ~ I I -I I I I I I I I I I I I Ei I -