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PBS0-133044
. INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX ( ISC) DISPERSION MODEL . USER'S GUIDE-D VOLUME I
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H. E. · Cramer Company, Incorporated
Salt Lake City, UT .
Dec. 79
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· . U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
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INDUSTRIAL SOURCE. COMPLEX (ISC) DISPERSION
MODEL USER'S GUIDE
(VOLUME. I)
by
PBB0-133044
EPA-450/4-79-030
J. F. Bowers, J. R. Bjorklund and C. s. Cheney
H. E •. CRAMER COMPANY, INC.
University . of . Utah Research Par:k ·
. '
Post .Office Box ao49 .
Salt Lake City, Utah· 84108
'::. '.' ... ,_,t-o,! t I
...
Source Receptor. Analysis Branch
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park,.d'lo.r:th. Carol ina 27711
. . .
EPA Contract No. 68-02-3323
Work Assignment No. 3
EPA Project Officer: George J. Schewe
IIPIODUC£11 BY . -NATIONAL TECHNICAL
lNFORMATION SERVICE
U.S. O£PAR1M£11f OF COMMERCE
. Sl'lllfiGfiElD, Yli. 22161 '
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA ,1. Heport No. f~Pl\/DF-80/003a
SHEET EPA 450/4-79-030
4. Tide and Subtitle Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model
User•s Guide Volume I
7. Aurhor(s)J.I'. uowers, J.R. Sjorld/ltld & C.S. Cheney, H.E. CRAt~ER
Co. Inc. for Georqe J. Schewe. EPA. U.S. Government
9. Pcrformin.: Org;tniz:ttion Name and Address
H. E. CIW1ER Co, Inc.
Post Office Box 8049
Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
12. Sponsoring Org:miucion Name and Addreu
Environmental Protection Agency
OAQPS, MDAO, SRAB
M0-14
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
15. Supplementary Notes.., Ma ti T , PB80 13·30..,~ .i! or gne c ape see • -;>V
S." Report Date
December 1979
6.
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I i a. Performing OrganizMion kept. I
No. I
10. Projcct/Task/Wo;k {jnit :-io.
Work Assianment #3
'1tP1f"Earif~ac1: :-so.
#68-02-3323
13. Type of Report&. tlcricd
Covered
Final 12/79
14.
16. Abstracts Volume I describes the Industli'iai Source Complex Dispersion Model and its use. i
The model updates various EPA dispersion model algorithms and combines them in t\'10 I
computer programs that can be used to assess the air quality. impact of emissions from
the wide variety of source types associated with an industrial source complex. The !SCI
Model $hQrt-term program ISCST, an updated version of the EPA Single Source {CRSTER)
Model l2J uses sequential hourly meteorological data to calcu.late values of avera:.:;e
concentration or total dry deposition for time periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and
24 hours. Additionally;·ISCST may be used to ·calculate "N11 is 366 days. The !SC :·1cde !·
. long-terni computer p.rogram ISCLT, a sector~averaged model th~t update and-combines I b~sic features of the EPA Air Quality Display Model {AQDM)t3J and the EPA Climatciogica1
D1spersion t4ode1 (CDH) ,(4) uses STAR suJTllllar~e~, (~tati~tical tabu~ation of ~h«; joint l
frequency of occurrence of wind-speed and w1nd-d1rect1on categor1es, class1f1ed accord-!
ing to the Pasquill stability categories) to calculate seasonal and/or annual a.vera9c: •
1
concentration or total deposition values. Both the ISCST and !$CIT program~ mako tho _
I r.~~"'W<.?!lta'":M':'*l;t;'lf:ti~t!!~l"t"S!-~"'~ 7~. '"'-~."::::.·.r.•:t:'f:! 1 same oas1c d1spersion-mouel assump~1ons. Additionally, both the ISCST and ISCLT pro-1
grams use either a polar or a Cartesian receptor grid. The ISC Model programs are I
written in Fortran IV and require approximately 65,000 UNIVAC 1110 computer words. The
two programs may also be used-on medium-to-large IBM or CDC computer systems with littl~
or no modification. Although the number of sources and receptors that can be included !
in a single program run varies, each program accepts at least 100 sources and 400 receptors.
17. Key Words-and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptions
Industrial
17Ut;t~.:U.~fl~w'"Jir1'~iflt* '
Dispersion
Model
C·omp 1 ex Source
17b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
ISC
17e. CCSATI Field'Group
18. A'l"ailabilay ~t.uem~nt
Release Unlimited -""-'-"'-·------··-~·
; .··
•.
INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX MODEL
VOLUME I
This two':"vol ume report and the reT a ted computer programs wi 11
be available from the National Technical Infonnation Service,
5285 Port Royal Road,. Springfield,. Virginia 22161 in Ap.ri 1, 1980.
Comments and suggestions regarding this publication should be
• sent to:
•;, .... ··:
Chief, Source Receptor Analysis Branch'
M0.;.14
OAQPS-EPA·
Res.earch Triangle Park,. N.C. 277ll
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The H. E. Cramer Company, Inc.· wishes t.o acknowledge the
important contributions to the development of the Industrial Source
Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model ~de bythe-~taff of the Source-Receptor
'. Analysis Branch, U. S. Enviionmental. Protection Agency, Research Triangle
,., ~ .. -~
Park, N. C. First, we thank· our· Projeci.Officers .:.... Mr. George Schewe,
Mr. James Dicke· and Mr. PhilliP. You~gblood ";;._· .f~r their many helpful
comments and suggestions.. l'!r. Youngblood and Mr. Dicke were the initial
Project Officers for the development of the ISC Model. Af.ter Mr. Young-
blood accepted a position with private industry in October 19.78, Mr.
Schewe assumed· his responsibilitie-s~-· Mr. _Joseph Tik.Vart, Mr.· Dicke, Mr.
Youngblood and Mr~ ·Al.an Huber<assisted ·in defining· the technical speci-
fications for the I.SC ·Model. The pr~cedures ·used by the I.SC Model to
quantify the-effects of .aerodynamic bjiilding wakes on effluent dispersion
are principally. based on th.e sugg~tious of Mr .. Huber •. Also, we wish to
thank Mr. Jerome MersCh and Mr. Ge~ald":Moss for the.ir assistance in
defining the specificatioris for the·rsc·Model computer programs.
. . J
In addition to the authors :of ''the-rep0rt, other staff members . .. . /,. .
of the H. E. Cramer ·company, ·rue. made important contributions to the
preparation of the Industr:ial Sour.ce Compliex · (ISC) Dispersion Model User 1 s .
Guide. The report was typed by Ms. Cheril:i Christensen, Ms. Lori Sieden-
strang and Ms. Bonnie Swanson. All technical illustrations were prepared
by Mr. Kay Memmott. Mr. Jeffrey Record and Mr. Lacy Hancock were respon-
sible for compiling the photographically-reduced figures showing example
output fr~ the ISC"Model comPuter programs.
.. . . •' -· "
A special thanks is deserving to Mr. Erik Sieurin for his
U."ltir~~ wo:::k on the testi?l9 and ·.i:mp1ementation of the -~del on the EPA
·Univac computer system •
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Section
1
2 ..
..
TABLE. oF· CONTENTS'
VO'LUME I
· ··'''title
'·~
LIST OF TABLES
LIST: OF FIGUBES ~ .. ~ ... ~ ..
·: _;_... " .... :: . . .. · ,..~ . "'"' ' "
MODEL OVElt.'VIEW
'' 1.1 Backgiound and PurPo'se· · '.
1.2 General Description
1.3 System ~~ription.. . _
1.3.1 The ISC Short-Term (ISCST) Model
. . . Program .
1 •. 3~2 --~-ISC LOng.-Term (ISCLT) Model
. . ·_· ·:~~~~~-::~;~~< '""'-~;~)~ .. ·. ; . ': . -·
l. 4-.. Summaxy of .Input:. Data
~ '•< ,"•,,,,', ·-~:-J• '', ,, ~:. ' __ M.,.'' .;, ' p .•••
1.4.1 the ISC. Short-Term (ISCST) Model . · --. -_. -~:Prosr~mc-. -_. , -. ·
· L ·· .-. · -r.c~ .2 ~--~·-IS.C Long-Term (ISCLT) Model
. _ . -·-~--;)'t?~alu.-:· ~---.. · -· ·-· ·
·-' ·:.-· ..
'TECBNtcAL'DES~T~ON
".;:
2.L GeD.e'ra.l:>---· · · -.: .. " -·-· -· -~~:z~. Model. ·rnput. _Data
2.2.1 Meteorological Input Data
2. 2 •. 2 Source Iiiput Data
2. 2.3 Receptor Data
2.3 Plume Rise Formulas
2. 4 The· ISC Shor.t-Tenii. Dispersion Model Equations ___ ,,._.. .. .,.
z-.4~1 stacK EmiSsions' --·
2~-4~~2''"A:i:'eai~ :Vol.t#ne and Line Source
Eillissions ·--.
z-.-4.3 ·The .ISC Short•Term Dry Depos-ition
Model
2.5 The ISC Long-Term Dispersion Model
Equations
ii
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vi.i
1-1
1-1
1-2
1-5
1-5
1-5
1-8
1-8
1-12
2-1
2-1
2-1.
2-1
2-lQ.; ... ·
2;_14
2-19
2-24
2-24
2-53
2-59
2-62
---~-------------------------------------------. .. ........ ---
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4
T..'-BLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Title
2.5.1 Stack Emissions
" 2. S. 2 Area, Volume and Line "Sou:ce
Emissions
2.5.3 The ISC Long-Term Dry Deposit:i.on
Mode.l
2.6 Example P:oblem "
2.6.1 DescriptiOn of a Hypothetical Potash
Processing Plant
2.6.2 Example ISCST Problem
2.6.3 Example ISCLT Problem
USER'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ISC SHORT-TEEM
(ISCST) MODEL PROGRAM ""
3.1 SUIDIII&ry of Program Options~" Data Requirements
and, Outp9-t
3.1.1 Summary of ISCST Program Options
3 .. 1.2 Data "Input 'Requirements
3.1.3 "Output Information
3.2 U8er's "h.structi.on& for the ISCST P:ogram
3.2.1 Program·DescriptiDn
"3.2."2 Control Language and Data Deck Setup
"'3~2-.3 Input "Data Description
3.2.4 Program Output Data Description
3.2.5 Program Run Time, Page and Tape
Output Estimates
3.2.6 Program Diagnostic'JMessages
3.2.7 Program Mod:i.ficat:i.on for Computers
Other than UNIVAC 1100 Series Computers
USER'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ISC LONG-TERM
(ISCLT) MODEL PROGRAM
4 .1 Summary of Program Options, Data Requirements
and Output·
4.1.1 Summary of ISCI.T P:ogram Options
4.1.2 Data Input Requirements
4.1.3 Output Information
4.2 User's Instructions for the ISCLT Program.
4.2.1 Program. Description
4.2.2 Control Language and Data Deck Setup
iii
Page
2-62
2-68
2-70 '
2-72
2-72
2-72
2-77
3-1
3-1
3-1
3-6
3-31
3-34
3-34
3-36
3-41
3-66
3-98
3-103
3-106
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-5
4-45
4-4i
4-4i
4-51
Section
A
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Title
4.2.3 Input Data Description
4.2.4 Program Output Data. Description
4.2.5 Program Rt.m. T::lm.e~ Page and. Tape Output
Est::lm.ates
4.2.6 Program D:.lagnostic: Messages
4.2 ... 7 Program Modifications for Computers
other than UNIVAC ~00 Series Computers
REFERENCES
VOLUME II
LIST OF TABI,ES
LIST OF FIGtT.RES
COMPLETE FQRTB.AN. LISTING OF '!'.BE DmUS'!RIAL SOURCE
COMPLEX SROR'r-T.Em:t MODEL. (IS CST) .COMPUTER PROGRAM
COMPLETE FOU'BAN LISTING OF THE DmUS'!RIAL SOURCE
COMPLEX LONG-TERM MODEL (ISCL'X): COMPUTER PROGRAM
EXAMPLE EXEC'llTIONS OF THE ISC SHORT-TERM MODEL
(ISCST) COMPUTER PROGR.AH
EXAMELE EX.EC'llTIONS OF THE ISC LONG-TERM MODEL
(ISCL'!) COMPtmm. PROGRAM
CODING FORMS FOR CAB!) INPUT TO '!'BE ISC SHORT-TERM
MODEL (ISCST) COMPUTER .PROGRAM
CCD.ING FORMS FOR CARD INPUT TO '!'BE ISC LONG-TERM
. MODEL (ISCLT) COMPUTER PROGRAM
THE METEOROLOGICAL PREPROCESSOR. PROGRAM FOR ISCST
LOGIC FLOW DESCRIPTION OF THE ISC SHORT-TERM MODEL
(ISCST) COMPUTER PROGRAM
LOGIC FLOW DESCRIPTION OF THE ISC LONG-TERM MODEL
(ISCLT) COMPUTER PROGRAM
iv
4-58
4-85
4-135
4-140
4-145
S--1
iii,
iv
A-1
B-l
C-1
D-1
E~l
F-1
G-1
H-1
I-1
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Number
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2-l
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-ll
2-12
2-13
2-14
' .
. LIST OF TABLES
Major Features of the ISC Model l-4
Hourly Meteorological Inputs Required by the ISC
Short-Term Model Program 2-2
Default ValueS far the Wind-profile Exponents and
Vertical Potential Temperature Gradients 2-2
Pas~uill-Gifford Dispersion Coefficients Used by
the ISC Model in the Rural and Urban Modes 2-5
Meteorological Inputs Required by ·the ISC Long-
Term Model Prosram 2-6
Possible Combinations of Wind-Speed and Pasquill
Stability Categories and Mean Wind Speeds in Each
NCC Star Summary Wind-Speed Category 2-7
Source Inputs Required by the ISC Model Programs 2-11
Parameters Used to Calculate a 2-27 y
Parameters' Used. :tio 'c;arcu1:ate a · 2-28 :z:
Coefficients Used to Calculate Lateral Virtual
Distances 2-32
Summary of Suggested Prci~E!dures· for Estimating
Initial Lateral Dimensions (ci'y0 ) and Initial
·Vertical Dimensions (a ) for Volume and Line
Sources · · zo~ · · · ' · · 2-5 7
Emissions Data for a Hypothetical Potash
Processing Plant 2-74
: . ~~' ......... ~-:; .-.... -. ·•. :
Particle-Size Distribution, Gravitational Settling
Velocities and Surface Reflection Coefficients for
Particulate Emissions from the Ore Pile and Conveyor
Belt 2-74
Emissions InventorY in Form for Input to the ISC
Dispersion MOdel 2-78
Particulate Emission Rates for the Ore Pile 2-79
V.
... --
USl'.:~Of ·TAaLES ~(Continued)
Number
2-15 , -Pa.li_tj;c~late Emis~d.o.~nRates -::£.or·. t-he 'Ore ~PUe and
Conveyor Belt as Functions of Wilid· Speed. and.
Stability
·.r .. :·· ~~-.. ~ .. #--. ,~.-...-.. ~_ .. _;.;.~ ~-~J:1·:!·:~ ~;?~ ~.:-~.; ..... -·
2-16 ·Annual Particulate Emissions for the Ore PUe
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4 ..
3-5
3'-6 •; .. ----
4-1
4-2
'4-3
4-4
4-5·
4-6
'v
and· Conveyor Belt as Functions of Wind Speed and
:!St-~b,Ui;ty'•.:• > -;,'"::'_'~c::-•: , . .' • ~
Meteorological· Data Input Options for ISCST
. Dispe~sion~MQdel. _Op,t:i.ons for _IS CST
ISCST Output Options
.,
-·IS-GST Program ~rd-Input Parameters,-FORTRAN Edit
-Cede:· (Format) and Desc~ipt:i,on .
~ -;_ ·Juli-Day-to .l'Wnth>/.Seaso.-n o~-Month to Season ··
· Ccmversion Chiit: ~or<:teap; l'·ears-.-· ·
.· :. ·-:!:ime :Per.io4.,.In..t~:rva.ls :and ~Co:rresponding Hours of
the Day ._:.:.: .. • .::.':D·.:·::; .. · ., ..
Meteorologi_cal. Daea--Inpu~ Options for ·ISCLT
Dispersion-MOdel Options for ISCLT
ISCLT. Program.:Card~ ,J:npu;-.. Paramete-rs., FORTRAN Edit
· Cocfe}Format) and: -De~cription .. ·
Input/Output Tape Format
ISCLT Warning and Error Mess~ges .
. I
.. •:.
vi
2-82
3-2
3-2.
3-4
3-42
3-64
3-79
4-2
4-2
4-4
4-59
4-132
4-141
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l-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
'2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-ll
3-1
-----~---------------··--·-·--·-·"''
. LIST OF FIGCRES
'fitle
Schematic diagram of the ISC MOdel short-term computer
program ISCST.
Schematic diagram of the ISC MOdel long-term computer ·.
program ISCLl.
The sixteen standard 22.5-.degree wind-direction sectors
used in STAB. summaries.
Example of a polar receptor grid. The stippled area
shows the property of ~ hypothetical industrial source
complex. ·
Example of an irregularly-spaced Cartesian receptor grid.
The stippled area shows the property of a hypothetical
industrial source complex.
The method of ·mul.tiple ·plume .images . used ::to simulate
plume reflection in the ISC.MOdel.
1-6
1-7
2-9
2-16
2-42
Schematic illustration of (a) urban and (b). rural mixing
. height interpolatiOD." proc-edures. 2-44
Illustration of plume behaVior in complex terrain assumed
by the ISC Model. · · 2-47
Illustration of vertical concentration profiles for
reflection coefficients of 0, 0.5 and 1.0. 2-48
Relationship between the gravitational settling velocity
Vsn and the reflection coefficient Yn suggested by
Dumbauld, . .!! &· (1976). 2-52
Representation of an irregularly shaped area source by
ll square area sources.
Exact and approximate representations of a line source
by multiple volume sources.
Plant layout and side view of a hypothetical potash
processing plant.
Input data deck setup for the ISCST program.
vii
2-54
2-58
2-73
3-40
Number
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
4-1
4-2
4-4
4-S
LlST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Example input data listing (ISW(6) option).
Example listing of a day of meteorological data (ISW(6)
option).
Example listing of a "da:f.ly11 average concentration out-
put table (ISW(l6) option).
Example listing of an ''N"-day average concentration out-
put table (ISW(lS) option).
Example listing. of a highest average concentration out-
put table (ISW(l7) option).
.Example listing of a maximum· 50 average concentrations
output table (ISW(lS) option).
Example listing of a diagnostic message table printed
when source-receptor iiiSt:aUc:es are less than the maximum
of 100 meters and three . building heights or three
building widths.
(a) throuSb. (e) show the five types of error messages.
printed by the ISCST Program.. The run is terminated
after an error message is printed.
Input: data deck setup for the !SCLT program.
Example listing of input data for the calculation of
seasonal and annual ground-level particulate concen-
tration from a hypothetical.. potash processing plant.
Example listing of input. sources used in the calcula-
tion of seasonal and annual ground-level particulate
.concentration from·a hypothetical potash processing
·plant.
Example listing of seasonal ground-level particulate
concentration for the winter season due to a single
source.
~~le listing of annual ground-level concentration
due to a single source.
viii
3-68
3-77
3-80
3-84
3-89
3-94
3-104
3-105
4-57
4-87
4-102
4-114
4-117
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Number
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-10
... "·.
LIST OF FIGURES .(Continued)
Example listing of seasonal ground-level concentration
for the fall season due to a single source with a maximum
10 table showing the contribution of this source to the
maximum 10 receptors of the indicated combined sources. 4-120
Example listing of seasonal ground-level concentration
for the winter season for combined sources. 4-123
Example listing of annual ground-level concentration
from combined sources. 4-126
Example listing of the 10 values of. seasons.! ground-
level conceni:ration from a single source that contri-
bute to the maximum. 10 receptors of the indicated ·
combined sources for the fall· season. 4-129
Example listing of the 10 values of annual ground-level
concentration for a single source that contribute to the
maximum 10 receptors of the indicated combined sources. 4-130
.... '
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1.1
SECTION 1
MODEL OVERVIEW
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
In recent: years· the need has become apparent for a comprehen-
sive set of dispersion model computer programs that can be used to
address the complicated air qual:ity impact analysis problems that cannot
be adequately handled by the existing, generally available computerized
models. Air qualitT·impact analyses·for pollutant sources other than
emissions from isolated stacks often require consideration of factors
such as fugitive emissions, aerodynamic wake effects, gravitational
settling and dry deposition. The Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Disper-
sion Model consists of. two computer programs that are designed to con-
sider these and other factors. so as to meet the. needs of those who must
perform complicated· dispersion., model analyses... The ISC Model computer
programs ~redesigned to be flexible,. economical and as easy to use as
possible without. sacrificing the model features required to address
complicated. problems.
Cautionary Note -The ISC Model contains a number of options
that are designed to consider complicated source configurations and
special atmospheric effects. These options include site-specific wind-
profile exponents and vertical potential temperature gradients, source-
specific plume entrainment coefficients, time-dependent exponential
decay of pollutants, stack-tip downwash, building wake effects, plume
rise calculated as a function of downwind distance, and dry deposition.
If one or more of these options is not specified by the user, the
programs ·will assign preselected default values to various parameters.
For regulatory applications, the default values for these options are
generally recommended. If the user believes that the use of site-
specific or source-specific parameters is appropriate, their use should
be discussed with the responsible air pollution control agency prior to
1-1
··-·-·····-·· ·····-------------·-· ----
t:he modd calculacions. Also, because proper application of many of the
ISC Model features requires a fundame~tal knowledge of the concepts of
acmospheric transport and dispersion, the user should seek expert
advise before .using any ISC Model feature that is not fully understood.
Finally, because a comprehensive model is required to address complicated
problems, the ISC Model is not necessarily the model of choice for all
applications. Simpler and less expensive computerized models ·csuch as
the Singl.e Source (CRSTEB.) Model (EPA, 1977) should be used for. appli-
cations that do not require at .least one of the ISC Model features.
The ISC Model computer programs arE7 sui.table for application
to Pollutant sources in the following types of studies:
• Stack design stud±es
• Combustion source permit applicat±ons
• Regulatory variance evaluation
• Monitoring network design
. . .
•· Control strategy evaluat±on for SIP's
• Fuel. (e. g., coa;,) convers±on studi.es
. . : ' . ' . : . ' ' .
• Control technology evaluation
• Design of supplementary control systems
• New source review
• Prevention of significant deterioration
l. 2 GENE'.RAL DESCRIPTION
..
The Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model combines and
enhances various dispersion model algorithms into a set of two computer
programs that can be used to assess the air quality impact of emissions
from the wide variety of sources associated with an industrial source
complex. For plumes comprised of particulates with appreciable gravita-
tional settling velocities, the ISC Model accounts for the effects on
ambient particulate concentrations of gravitational settling and dry
1-2
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deposition. Alternately, the ISC Model can be used to calculate dry
deposition. The ISC short-term model (ISCST) , an. ex1:ended version of
the Single Source (CRSTER) Model (EPA., 197-7), is designed to calculate
concentration or deposition values for time periods of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,
12 and 24 hours. If used with a year· of sequential hourly meteorological
data, ISCS't can also calculate annual concentration or deposition values.
The ISC long-te~ model (ISCL!) is a sector-averaged model that extends
and combines basic features of the Air Quali:ty Display Model (AQDM) and
the Climatological. Dispersion Model (CDM) .. The long-term model uses
statistical wind summaries to calculate seasonal (quarterly) md/or
annual ground-level concentration or deposition values. Both ISCST and
ISCLT use either a polar or a· Cartesim receptor grid. The ISC Model
computer programs are written in Fortran IV md require approximately
65, 000 UNIVAC 1110 computer words. The major features of the ISC Model
are listed in 'table 1-1.·
'the. ISC~ Model. programs accept, the following source types :
stack:, area ·axid volume. 'the volume source option is also used to simu-
late line sources. The steady-s1:a1:e Gaussian plume equation for a
~ .. ," ~ ' . . ...
continuous source is used to calculate ground-level concentrations for
stack and volume sources. '!he area. source. equation in the. ISC Model
programs is based on the equation for a continuous-and finite crosswind
line source. The generali.zed Briggs (1971 and 1975) plume-rise equations,
including the momentum tems, are used to calculate plume rise as a
function of downwind distance •. Procedures suggested by Huber and Snyder
(1976) and Huber (1977) are. used. to evaluate the affects of the aero-
dynamic wakes and eddies formed by buildings and other structures on
plume dispersion.. A wind-profile exponent law is used to adjust the
observed me.an wind speed from the measurement height _to the emission
height for'. the plume rise. and c:oncentration calculations. Procedures
. utilized by the Single Sourc:.e · (CRS'tEB.) Model are used to account for
variations in terrain he:fght over the receptor grid. The Pasquill-
Gifford curves ('turner, 1970) are used to calculate lateral (a ) and y
l-3
. ::
.~------.------~------· -------------·-----------... ----------········--··-.
TABLE 1-1
MAJOR FE:ATtJRES OF THE
ISC-MODEL
Polar or Cartesian coordinate syst~
Plume rlse due to momentum and_ buoyancy as a ·function of downwind dis-
tance for stack emissions (Briggs, l97l and l975)
Procedures suggested by Huber and Snyder (1976) and Huber (1977) for
evaluating. building. wake effects
Procedures suggested by Briggs (1973) for evaluating stack-tip down-
wash
Separation of mUltiple po.ill.t sources
Consideration of the effects of gravitational settling and dry deposi-
.. tion on ambient particulate coru:elitrations
Capability of simulating line. volume and area sources
Capability to calculate dry-deposition
Variation with height_ of wind speed (wind-profile exponent law)
Concentration estimates .fo.r 1-hour ·to annual average
Terrain-adjustment procedures for complex terrain
Consideration of--time--dependent exponential decay of pollutants
1-4
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vertical (0' ) plume spread. z The ISC Model has rural and urban options.
In the Rural Mode, rural mixing heights* and the O'y
for tha indicated stability category are used in the
and 0' values z
calculations • In
Urban Mode 1, the stable E and F stability categories are redefined as •
neutral D stability. In Urban Mode 2, the E and F stab:tlity categories
are combined and the 0' and 0' values for the stability category one y z
step more unstable than the indicated stability category (except A) are
used in the calculations (see Section 2. 2.1.1). Urban mixing heights*
are used in both urban modes •.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.3.1 The ISC Short-Term (ISCST) Model Program
Figure 1-1 is a schema_tic. diagram of. the ISC Model short-term
computer. program. (ISCST) •. As. shown: by the fi.gure,. ISCST directly accepts
the preprocessed meteorological data tape described in the User's Manual
for the Single. Source (CltSTER) Model and in Appendix G. Alternately,
hourly meteorological data may be input by card deck. Program control
parameters, source data and receptor data are input by card deck. The
program produces printouts of calculated concentration or deposition
values.
1.3.2 The ISC Long-Term (ISCLT) Model Program
Figure 1-2 is a schematic diagram of the ISC Model long-term
computer program (ISCLT). As shown by the figure, program control,
parameters, meteorological data, source data and receptor data are 1nput
by card deck. The program produces printouts of calculated concentration
*The mi-~ng height is the height above the surface at which ~n elevated
stable layer restricts verticalmixing and confines pollutant emissions
w1thin the surface mL~ng layer. ·
1-5
7
~
Program Control 1-------tll>f
Parameters
Receptor
Data
Source
Data
Card
Meteorological 1--..-.t
Data
ISC
Short-Term
Model
Prt>gram
(lSCST)
· Input Data
Output (Optional)
Dally Output
Tables (Optional)
"N"-Day Output
Tables (Optional)
lllghest & Second
IUghest Output .
Tables (Opthmal)
Maximum 50
Output Tables
(Optional)
FIGURE 1-1. Schematic diagram of the ,ISC Model short-term computer program ISCST.
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Source data
cards-
ISCL'!' program-
control and
option data
cards
ISCL'!-Long-Term
Computer Program
• Seasonal and/or annual
average ground-level con-
centration
• Seasonal and/or annual
total ground:-level
deposition-
Printed
Concentration
or
Deposition
Tables
Meteorological
data cards
Receptor
data c:ards
FIGURE 1-2. Schematic diagram of the ISC Model long-term computer program
ISCLT.
l-7
(,7
I'
or deposition values. Ad.did..oil.a.lly, all' input data and the results of
all calculations may be stored on an optional mast,er tape inventory
which can: be used as ±nput. to 'f',lture: update runs. The master tape file
stores-the concentration or' deposition <!a.lculated for each source at
each receptor.· Sources inay''be added~ ·.deleted or· altered in update runs
usitig card input· for 'the·· affected: sourc.es~ ... Concentration or deposition
calcul.a.tion.S are·: then made for those sources oDly and the· concentration
or deposition values calculated· for each source are resummed to obtain
an updated estimate of the:·i::.oucen'tration· or deposition produced at each
rec..ept.or-by-·all. s.oiirt:es .. · c ·I"
1.4 .. . . •.. . . . ' ~-.
1.4.1 The· ISC' :Short.;.Term · (ISCsT) Model Program
The. inptii ,;-eq:u:fremerits for the ISC Model short-tem computer
program (ISCST)· consfsi'.of::foti~ dtegorfes: ·
·_-.:· ...
• Meteorological' data·.·
•. Source data
• Receptor data
• Program control parameters
a. Meteorolod.ca'l Data. Meteorological inputs required
by the ISCST program· include hourly estimates of the wind direction~
wind speed, ambient ai.r temperature, Pasquill stability category, mixing
height, wind-profile'ex.Ponent .. ~ vertical potential temperature gradient.
The magnetic tapeoutput'o£ themeteoroiogical data preprocessor program
(see Appendix 'G) ··and the :program'default values for the wind-profile
exponent and·the vertical potential temperature gradient satisfy all
ISCST hourly meteorological d.ata requirements. Alternately, hourly
meteorological data can be 'input by means of a card deck. 'rne number of
hours for which concent:.ration.or deposition calculations can be made
l-8
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ranges from 1 to 8,784 (i.e., up to every hour of a 366-day year).
b. Source Data. The ISCST program accepts three source
types: stack, area and volume. For each source, input data requirements
include the source location with respect to a user-specified origin, the
source elevation (if terrain effects are to be included in the model
calculations) and the pollutant emission rate. For each stack, additional
source input requirements. include the physical stack height, the stack.
inner diameter, the stack exit temperature, the stack. exit velocity
and ---if the stack. is adjacent to a building and aerodynamic wake
effects are to be considered --the length, width and height of the
building. The horizontal. dimensions and effective emission height are
required for each area source or volume source. If the calculations are
to consider particulates with appreciable gravitational settling velocities,
source inputs for each. sourc~, also include. the mass fraction of particulates
in each gravitational settling-velocity category as well as the surface
reflection coefficientand,settllrig'vEilocity of each settling-Velocity
category. Because industrial pollutant emis~ion ratas are often highly
variable, emission: rates for each, source maY be held constant or varied
as follows:
• By hour of· the day
• By season or month
• By hour of the day and season
• By stability and wind speed (applias to fugitive
sources of wind-blown particulates)
c. Receptor Data. The ISCST program uses either a
polar (r·, 6) or a Cartesian (X, Y) coordinate system. · The typical. polar
receptor array consists of 36 radials (one for every 10 degrees of
azimuth) and five to ten downwind ring distances for a total of 180 to
360 re<':eptors. However, the user is not restricted to a 10-degree
angular separation of receptors. Receptor locations in the Cartasi~~
coordinate system may be given as Universal Tra~verse Mercator (U~)
1-9
coordinates or as X (east-west) and Y (north-south) coordinates with
respect to a user-specified origin. Discrete receptor points corre-
sponding to the locations of air quality monitors, elevated terrai.n or
other points of interest may also be used with either coordinate system.
If terrain effects are to be inc~uded in the calculations~ the elevation
of each receptor is also required.
d. Program Control Parameters and Options. The ISCST
program ~ows the user to select from a number of model options. · The
prog-ram p.arameters for these options are discussed in detai.l in s·ection
3.2.3. The avai~ble options include:
•
•
Concentration/Deposition Option --Directs the program to
calculate average concentration or total aeposition
Receptor Grid System Option --Selects a Cartesian or a
polar rec.e.ptor grid system
~· .Discrete Receptor Option ~ Allows the user to arbitrar-
ily place a receptor at any point using either a Car-
tesian or a polar coordinate system
•
•
•
Receptor Terrain Elevation Option --Allows the user to
specify an elevation for each receptor (level terrain is
assumed if this option is. not exercised)
Tape Output Option --Directs the program to output the
results of all concentration or deposition calculations
to tape
Prin-Input Data Option --Directs the program to print
program control parameters, source data and receptor data;
the user may also direct the program to print the hourly
meteorological data if this option is exercised
1-10
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--···-·
•· Output Table-s Option -.Specifies which· of the four
types of output tables are to be printed (see Section
3.1.3)
•· MeteOrological Data Option --Directs the program to
read hour~y data from either the meteorological pre-
processor format or a card image format
., Rural/Urban Option --Specifies whether the concentration
or deposition calculations are made in the Rural Mode,
Urban Mode 1 or Urban Mode2 (see Section 2.2.1.1)
•-Wind~Profile Exponent Option ---Directs the program to
read user-provided wind-profile exponents or to use the
default values
; .. '
., Vertical Potential. Temperature Gradient Option --Directs
the p;ogram.to read user-provided vertical potential
temperature. gradients or to use the default values
•· Source Combination Option. -Allows the user to specify
the combinations of sources for. which concentration or
deposition estimates are required
• Single Time Period Interval Option -Directs the program
to print concentration or deposition values for a speci-
fic time interval within a day (for example, the third 3-
hour period)
•· Variable Emission Rate Option --Allows the user to
specify scalars which are multiplied by the source's
average emission rate; the scalars may vary by season or
month, by hour of the day~ by season and hour of the day,
or by wind speed and stability
1-ll
-.----------··---.......... ______ .. ,., .... _______ ----------
• · Plume Rise as a Function of Distance Option --Allows
the user to direct the. program to calculate plume rise
•
'-'
as a function of downwind distance or to calculate final
plume rise at all downwitld distances
. Sta<:k.l!ip Dow:wash Option .;._ Allows the user to direct
the":p~ogram~:t.c; use· the Briggs (1973) procedures for
~ai~ating: st~ck-t:f.p downwash for. all stack sources
1.4.2 The ·Isc·.tong;;..Term (ISCLT) .Model Program
The· ~P~--teqUir~ents for the: 'ISC Model long-term computer
program (ISCLT). ·cousist of f.o.W; categories.:
•
•
. Me~;;o1o1ogic~ data
so~ci :Jaes:·::"'
ReCeptor data
.Pr6i:f~:-.~·on't£of:p~rameters:_:c.· ._ ..
a. Mete0-1.-oiomiea.l -Data. Seasonal or annual "STAR" sum-
marieo\5. (stat:l.sti~l-tabti.la.ti.ons.of .the.joint frequency of occurrence of
wi~d;:sp~~r ~d~--;h~d;:,di~~et±oii= ·categories'~ ·classified, according to the
Pa~~~ll~"it~blii~.;.::~~a·t~gorie~)* are the principal meteorological iilputs
to Ist:i:r: ... The: ~r'~gt~-: iccepts' STAR summaries with six Pas quill s t:.abili ty
cate~ories" (A·'hhi~ti-gh:'p.) or·: fi:V~ stability· cat'egories (A through E with
the E and F cat~g~{ies eom.binecU • .ISCLT is ·not designed to use the
Cl~tol~~i.ai'· Di~P'et'sio1:f -HOdel'·· (CDM) sti.a ~-summa~ies which subdivide the
' :;:. ' .·~-: ,:1 . -;; <::: .. ~ :, •• --t .. ~ ·-~'! " •• ··-~ . ..._ ..... -"' ~ ~-~ -'. ' •
neutral D staoiii:ty· 'category ·into day and'hn£ght. D categories. Additional
m~i'e~rdi~~i~If~ta:.::-ricftiitemeilt!f ixlclude;~seasonal· 'average maximum and
" ~ ·--...----------·--------·-··-·-
*STAB :._su~~;i~-~~~a~i 7~va.il:~ble ~from the ·Na-tional Climatic Center (NCC),
A.shevilla, North "Carolina~·'
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b. Source Data. The ISCLT source data requirements are
the same as those given in Section 1.4.l.b for the ISCST program.
c. Receptor Data.. The ISCLT receptor data requirements
are the same as those given in Section 1.4.l.c for the ISCST program.
d. Program Control Parameters and Ootions. The ISCLT
progrmn allows· the· user to· select fr~ a number of model and logic
options. The program control parameters for these options are discussed
in detail in Section 4.2.3. The available options include:
•
•
.. '. __ ,.
••
Concentration/Deposition Option -Directs the program to
calculate average concentration or total deposition
Receptor: Grid System Option -Selects a Cartesian or a
polar receptor grid systen
Discrete Receptor· Option--Allows the user to place a
receptor· at any point using-either a Cartesian or polar
coordinate reference system
•' Receptor· Terrain Elevation Option -Allows the user to
specify· axi elevation for each receptor (level terrain is
assumed by the program if this option is not exercised)
., · Tape Input/Output Option --Directs the program to input
and/or output results of all concentration or deposition
calculations, source data and meteorological data from
and/or to magnetic tape or other data file
•·
----·-------------------
Print Input Option Directs ·the program to print program
control parameters, source data, receptor data and meteoro-
logical data
-----·---------------.. -·--------·----
•
•
Print Seasonal/Annual Results Option --Directs the
program to print seasonal and/or annual concentration or
deposition values, where seasons are normally defined as
winter, spring, summer and fall
Print Results from Individual/Combined Source Option --
Directs the p-rogram to print the concentration or depo-
sition values fot: individual and/or combined sources,
where the combined source output is the sum over a select
group of sources or all sources
• Rural/Urban Option -Specifies .whether the concentration
or deposition calculations are to be made in the Rural
MOde, Urban Mode l or Urban Mode 2 (see Section 2.2.1.1)
•
•
Plume Rise as a Function of Distance Option --Allows
the user to direct the program to calculate plume rise as
a function. of do:wnwin.d' distance or to calculate final
plume. rise-at all downtdnd distances
Print Mmdmum 10/All Receptor Points Option -Specifies
whether the program is to print the maximum 10 concen-
tration (deposition) values and receptors or to print the
the results of the calculations at all receptors without
maximu:ms: or· both
Automatic Determination of Maximum 10 Option -Directs
the program to calculate the maximum 10 values of concen-
tration. (deposition) from the set of all receptors input;
also, directs the program to display the 10 values of
each contributing source at the locations determined by
the maximum 10 values of the combined sources or to
display the maximum 10 values and locations of each
source individually
l-14
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User Specified Maximum 10 Option --Allows the user the
option of specifying up to 5 sets of 10 receptor points,
one set for each seasonal and annual calculation or a
single set of 10 receptor points, at which each source
contribution as wel~ as the total concentration (depo
sition) values for· the combined so~rces are displayed
Print Unit Option --Allows-the user to optionally direct
the print output to any output device
Tape Unit Option -Allows the user-to optionally select
the logical unit numbers used for magnetic tape input and
output
Print Output Option --This option is provided to minimize
paper output; if selected•: the program does not start a
_new page with. each new table, but continues printing
Lines per Page Option -This option is provided to
enable the user to specify the exact number of lines his
installation pr~ter. :pr:izi..t_s ~er. page
S~ze Options -:-_;Th.~e. a:re _parameters that allow the user
. . to sped.fy the. number .. ,of ·s.ources input via data card, the
sizes of .. the X .. and _Y . re_ceP:t.ar . axes if used, the number
of .discrete :recep~o; ._poil;lts. if. used~ the number of seasons
' --.... ~ -. -~ • • • • ' I -;. ~ ' • . .
... <or ~annual, ,Onl)!.). U.r.t~~.,m~~-~olpgical. input data, and
the ..numbe.r.of wind~speE74, .• ~asquill stability and wind-
direction. categories in_the. input. meteorological data . . .. -:. . , ' -. -· ~ ..; . : . '.--.-. ':. .. . . .
Combined -Sources. _Option· -.. .. Allows the user the· option of
1 .••.. , .. · .• ·-·· .. • . ·. -
specifying, .by. source-number, multiple sets of sources to
use in .forming .. combine~ ::sources :.output or the option of
using all sources in forming combined sources output
1-15
.· .. -------------------------------·--~---------------------~ -----------------.... -------------.. --------------------
•
•
Units Opti.oti ~ -iiibws the user the option of spec:ifyi.ng
the u;,~ti:1t'~1'1si~n~ :Jdie~---and/or output concent::ati.on or
deposition units
Varia,'Qf.e,.j:~:issio_ns Qption--:::-~Allows th_e user the option
• +' • . 'o' -:.: ~-': :.::-.~ -• • ~ • : -' ., -•
• of vaeyj,ng _emi.ssfo~ by _season, by wi:Od speed and season,
__ :._,d:-· ~-:~ :.:: -M~Ji~· .. :•e::: !::.~·~.; ,_._:·;~_ ·."~-.. :>: · ·-. .
. _by Pasqull~ stabili.ty cat~go-ry and season or by wind
'• -.. ~ . -. ' f:.· ..... ~-. . • ._. . . ... : .. ·.: .. -:-' . ~ .-. . .
speed,· Pasquill stability catego-ry and season (season is ;' - ; . . ~--~=-~~~-_,-. . ·-. .
e±ther ~ee:r, s:ar:t.ng, summer,-f~l or annual only)
·. ;__ .:~--·' ··: :-;::...:.::~;:~;":;.•,; j>~; . ·.: .•.• ·> ~ .. ;__. ' >-' ---. (
. \ ..... .. . . '· ..-~ :':~ ·":' ;' :··-: ..... "; ,.. . ~ ~ '. ~--. ·. : . . . . : . .
• Stack-TipDownwash Option_-.All()WS the us~;: to direct the
~-·"-~rb~aDi-·to ~~~--~he ;Brlg~~ ,(l-97:3) proc~dures for 'evaluating
·:.:-~-·-_: ··:~: '!"!~·.-~·; . .::-:.· .. ~;.j_;=' •. J ·) -~<>·~ n;.-:_:(·· : .... ~.:. · ..
'"stack-tip ciownwash'for ·au sources
,. .....
"*" '" ... ...~ .t .. ..t•
. . ,; .. ~.
~,J .... , ,."' t : .....
' • :· ! ···'. ~.
_::,--,. ~::c· . _ _._.,,_
...
. ·~:'
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2.1 GENERAL
SECTION 2
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
The Industrial Source Compl~ (ISC) Dispersion Mode1 is an
advanced Gaussian plume model.. The technical discussion contained in
this section assumes that .the reader is already familiar with the theory
and concepts of Gaussian plume models. lleaders who lack a fundamental
knowledge of the basic concepts of Gaussian plume modeling are referred
to Section 2 of the User's Manua1 for the Single Source (CRSTER) Model
(EPA,. 1977) or to other references such as Meteorology and Atomic Ener2v
(Slade, 1968) or the Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates (Turner,
1970).
2.2 'MODEL: mPUT. DA'J!A ' · . · ··.
2.2.1 Meteorological Input Data
2.2.1.1 Meteorological Inputs for the ISC Short-Term
(ISCST). Model Program
Table 2-1 gives the hourly meteorological inputs required by the
ISC Model short-term computer program (ISCST) • These inputs include the
mean wind speed meas~red at height z1 , the direction to'tJJCI.:l'd t.Jhich the
u:Jind is bZowirr.g~ the wind-profile exponent, the ambient air temperature,
the Pasquill stability category and the vertical potential temperature
gradient. In general, these inputs are developed from concurrent surface
and upper~air· meteorological. data by the same preprocessor program as
used by the Single. Source (CRSTER) Mo~el (see Appendix G). If the pre-
processed meteorological data are used, the user may input, for each
combination of wind-speed and Pasqui1l stability categ~ries, site-specific
values of the wind-profile exponent and the vertical potential temperat~=e
2-l
-------~----. -----------------------·-------.... ..,..-------·-·----
T.~BLE 2-1
HOURLY M!TEOROLOGICAL L~UTS REQUIRED BY THE !SC
SHORT-TEll~ MODEL PROGRAM
Parameter
p
T' a
H m
Stability
Definition
Mean Wind speed in meters per second (m/sec) at
height z 1 (default value for z 1 is 10 meters)
Average random flow vector (direction toward which
the wind is blowing)
Wind-profile exponent (default values assigned on
the basis of stability; see Table 2-2)
Ambient air temperature in degrees Kelvin (°K)
Depth of surface mixing layer (meters), developed
from twice-daily mixing height estimates by the
meteorological preprocessor program
Pasquill stability category (1 =A, 2 = B, etc.)
Vertical potential temperature gradient in degrees
Kelvin per meter (default values assigned on the
basis of stability; see Table 2-2)
TABLE 2-2
DEFAULT VALUES FOR THE WIND-PRoFILE EXPONENTS AND VERTICAL
POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS
Vertical
Pasquill Stability Wind-Profile Potential
Category Exponent p Temperature
Gradient (°K/m)
A 0.10 0.000
·B 0.15 o.ooo
c 0.20 0.000
D 0.25 0.000
E 0.30 0.020
F 0.30 0.035
... ....
2-2
r
[
[.
r L
c
c
c
ti
c
L
[
[
c
[
c
[
D ~
c
6
fj '
c
L
gradient. If the user does not input site-specific wind-profile expo-
' ''
nents and v:ertica.l poten~ial tesnpe!~~~r~)~radients, the tSC Model uses
the default values given in Table 2-2. !he inputs listed in Table 2-l
may also be developed by the user from observed hourly meteorological
data and input by card deck. In these cases,, the direction from which
the wind is blowing must be reversed 1~0 degrees to conform with the
average flow vector (the di.recti.On toward· which the-wind is blowing)
generated by the meteorological preprocessor program.
It should be noted that concentrations calculated using Gaussian
dispersion models-are inversely proportional to the mean wind speed and
thus the. calculated concentrations approach infinity as the mean wind
speed approaches zero (calm). Also, there is no basis for estimating
wind, direction du~-ng periods of catm winda. The meteorological prepro-,
cessor program arbitrarily sets the wind speed equal to l meter per . I ,
second if the observ•d ,wind ,speed is !less t~ l meter per second and,
l
in the case of calm winds,, seta the.~Jtl.nd .direction equaL to the value
reported for the last non-cal.Iil.'houl:!.· nttis~, considerable uncertainties
exist in the results of model calculatiOns for hours , with calm winds,
especially if a series of consecutive calm hours occurs. In this case,
the preprocessor progrBDLassumes a single persistent wind direction for
the duration of the period of calm winds. Concentrations calculated for
such periods may significantly overestimate the concentrations that can
actually be expected to occur. Consequently, it is recommended that the
ISCS'r user examine the preprocessed meteorological data for the periods
with calculated maximum short-term concentrations to ensure that the
results are not determined by an arbitrary assumption. Periods of
persistent calm winds may be recognized by the combination of· a constant
wind direction with a wind speed of exactly 1.0 meter per second.
The ISCST program has a rural and two urban options. In the·
Rural Mode., rural mixing heights and, the a and, cr values for the y z
indicated stability category are used in the calculations. Urban mixing
heights are used in both urban-modes. In Urban MOdel, the stable E and
----------------------------·--~-------------------...... -----
F stability categories are redefined as-neutral D stability following
current EPA guidance. In Urban Mode 2,--the E and F stability categories
are combined and the a and a values for the· stability category one y z '
step more unstable' than the 'indicated categoey are used in the calcula-
·-tions.--For example, the Q'. and ·a values for C stability are used in y z
calculations for D stability in Urban Mode 2. Table 2-3 gives the
dispersion -coefficients used in eac.l-r mode.
The Rural. Mode is usually selected for industrial source com-
plexes located in rural areas. . However, the urban options may also be
considered in modeling ·an industrial· source complex located in a rural
area if the-source complex is large and contains numerouS tall bul.ldings
and/or large heat sources (for example; coke ovens). ArL urban mode is
appropriate £or these cases in order to account for the enhanced turbu-
lence generated during stable meteorological conditions by the surface
roughness elements and/or heat soui:;ces. _ If an urban mode is appropriate,
Urban Mode l is recommended ·for most situations. Urban Mode 2 is pri-
marily recommended for area sources in urban areas. Urban Mode 2 should
not be used for stack sources iti_m.odeling ·studies for regulatory purposes.
2.2.1.2 Meteorological Inputs for the ISC Long-
Term (ISCLT) Model Program
_ Table 2-4 lists· the meteorological inputs required by the ISC
Model long-term COlii.puter program . (ISC~T) • _ Seasonal or annual S'IAR sum-
maries are the principal meteorological inputs to the ISCLT program.
A STAR summary is a tabulation of the joint frequency of occurrence of
~~nd-speed and wind-direction categories, classified according to the
Pasquill stability categories. Table 2-5 identifies the combinations of
wind-speed. and Pasquill stability categories that are possible following
the Turner (1964) procedures of using airport surface weather observations·
to_ estimate atmospheric stability. The wind-speed categories in Table
2-5 are in knots because the National Weather Service (NWS) reports
airport wind speeds to the nearest knot. The default values of the wind
2-4
[
\c
_,
.f~
!""
L
[
c
[
[
c
·C
c
[.,
:>:
[
[
r: _;
[
c
H
c.
0
L:
(j
p u
L
TABU 2-3
PASQUILL-GIFFORD DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS USED BY THE
ISC MODEL. IN THE RURAL AND URBA.."f MODES
Actual Pasquill.
Pasquill Stahillty category for the cry, Ciz
Values' Used. in-ISC Model Calculati.ons
Stabi.li.ty Category*·
Ru:al. Mod& U:ban Mode-1 U:ban Mode 2
A A A. A
B B B A
c c c B
0 11-D c
E E D D
y. .... : lt D D
_,
:ll't'he ISCST program redefines extremely stable· G stabil.ity as very stable F
stab:llity.
2-5
'r • a,k,J.
ae
a; .i,k
H.m;.i,k,R.
ME'l'EOROLOGICAL INWTS REQUUED BY
T"dE ISC LONG-'r:ERM MODEL PRDGR..AM
Definition:
Frequency of occurrence of the i th wind-
speed category and jth wind-direction cat-
egory by stability category k for the tt:.h
season (STAR summary)
Mean wind speed in meters per second (m/sec)
.at height zl for each wind-speed category
(default values based on STAR wind-speed cat-
egories)
W'ind-profile ·exponent for each combination
of wind-speed and stability categories
(default values are assigned on the basis
of stability; see 'table 2-2)
Ambient air temperature for the kth stab-
.ility category and ,tth .season in degrees
Kelvin (°K)
Vertical potential temperature gradien·t in
degrees KelVin per·meter (OK/m) ·for each
combination of wind-speed and stability
categ~es (default values are assigned on
·the basis of stability; see Table 2-2)
th Mixing height in meters for the i wind-
speed category, kth stability category
and R.th season
2-6
---------------------
c
[
·r
L
[
[
c
c
B
·C
c
6
c
[
[
[
c-
[.
[~
[
c
[
[
c
c
c
C-
C
[
!ABLE 2-5
POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS OF WIND-SPEED AND PASQUILL STABILITY
CATEGORIEs* AND MEAN WIND SPEEDS m EAeli NCC
STAR SUMMARY WIND-SPEED CATEGORY
Pasquill. Stability Willd. Speed (kt)
Category 0-3.-4-6-1:..1o 11-16 17-21
A X X
B X X X
c X X X X X
D X X X-X X
E X ' X
F-X X. ·~
>21
X
X
IS_CL'I. Wind, Speed. · ·a.7s·--2~50i 4.30; 6.80 9.50 12.50 (m/sec) ' . I
{ \ J
I \
I '
*Based on Turner (1964) dl!;f'inition;S o£ tl\e Pasquill stability categories.
,... ... .I
/ I \
/ i \
I ..;~·i .. I i ~-~~ I ... I -
I
·,.__ .
... ··.............. i .,___ ! \
.. .... ' ~ .. '"'o-· ... ---t '-.J_ ___ ..,.. ·-'f: ..... '·' ---~--....._-~-. ··x; ·~r. '-; -;;
. •. : ~·:.··: -.•.::i_; f.o.;.
, 2-7
speeds ill meters per second essig!led by ISCL! to each wind-speed category
are shown a!: the bottom of '!.able 2-5. The sixteen standard 22. 5-degree
~: . . .
w-i:nd-direct:ion sectors ~~a ili·>tsTA:if stmllllaries are showu in Figure 2-1. ,_. ;·q -:.' ·., .. :·
ISCL'! accepts .. STAR summaries with six' stability .~tegories (A through F)
•. · ! '
or five stability categoiies (A throcigh E with th~"E and F categories -,. ..
combined) . · IsCL! is not designed to' use the Cli.Dia.tological Dispersion
M~d~l (CDM) STAR s~iei· wb.i6h divide_ §he neutral D stability category
into day and night; D categories. SID summaries are available for most
N'"wS ·surface weat:her._statiods fr~ ,the National 'Cli.matic Center. (NCC).
Th~· ISCL! us~r must spJcify ~ient .ailf',temperatures by sta-
bility ~d seaso.;· and mirlng \eights by s.tability and/or wind-speed and
. . ._ ·. (' _.~ . ;' . "
season.. .It is suggested that· .. the .average seasonal max:i mum daily temper-
ature be assi·gn;d to· the ~;--& \m.~· cf~tability cEf.tegories; the average
'.·.• . . ...... .~·:./ .. "·····
seasonal minimum daily tempe,.rai;ure·be,assigned to theE and F stability
categories;· and .. the averag~·"~J.is~~al t~~rature·be. assigned to the D
Stability category. .:&t· urban/ a~e~ .• C~Qn practice is to. assign the
mean a££!rnoon,.m!ting hdght: gi;~n b~ Hol~orth (197'Z) to the B and C
stability .categori~s~:i.s t~es ~he me~ aftern~on mixing height to the
. ._-, . . . -. : . -- --, . - - --~~
A stabiiity categor;i, the mean early morning mixing height to the E and
f• ,'
F stability categories. and the a.Jerage of· the mean. early morning and
afternoon mixing heights ~o the D ~tability category. In rural areas,
the ·applicability of Holzworth early morning ~rban mixing heights is
quesd.ona?le. Consequently, ISCLT in the Rural Mode currently assumes
that there.is. no restriction on vertical mixin~ during hours with E and
F stability. . It-~:is suggested that Holzworth mean afternoon mixing heights
be assigned to th~ B, C' and n·.:stabil:i:ty categories in rural areas and
that 1. 5 times the mean afternoon mixing height be assigned to the A
stability category~ If sufficient climatological data are available,
wind-profile exponents and vertical potential temperature gradients can
be assigned by the use-to each combination of wind-speed and stability
categories u;_ o~de·r .to 'm"ak~,f.:t~e 'to;g-t~bn model site specific. In the
2-8
c
c
[
c
r
l"
[
c
c-
[
[
[
[J
[
[
[
c
c
B
c
[j
6
c
[
-· --
·~·-
.. -
FIGURE 2-1. The six:een atanda:ci 2l • .5-dag:ea wind-direction sectors used
u STAB. •UIIIIII&riea.
2-9
. ·-· .. -·--------. ----··.----·------·-··-· -·· ··-· -------··-
__ _. ... _____________________ ,_~···-·----'--~----~---...... ---·-··
absence of site-specific. wind-profile exponents and vertical potential
temperature gradients~ the default values given in Table 2-2 are auto-
matically used by the ISCL~ program.
The: ISCL'l'. program conta.i.ns a rural mode and two urban modes.
A discussion-of these modes_ and guidance. on their_ use is given in Sec-
tion-2.2:.1.1.
2.2.2 Source. Input Data
Table 2~6 summarizes the.source input data requirements of the
ISC Dispersion Model camputer-programs. As shown by the table, there
are three source types: stack, volume and area. The volume-source
option is also used to simulate line. sources. Source elevations above
mean sea level and source locations with respect to a user-specified
origin. are required for all sources. If the Universal Transverse
Mercator (U'lM) coordinate. system. ·is used. to define receptor locations,
trrM coordinates are. also us.ed to define: source locations~ Otherwise, the
origin· of the. recepto.r· array-(either polar or Cartesian) is usually
placed at the location of the most significant pollutant source within
the industrial source complex. The X and Y coordinates of the other
sources with re.spect to this origin are then obtained from a plant
layout drawn to scale. The X axis is positive to the east and the Y:
axis is positive to the north.
The pollutant emission rat:e is also required for each source.
If the pollutant is deplet:ed by any mechanism that can be described by
time--dependent:· exponential decay, the user may enter a decay coefficient:
tjl. The parameters tpn, V sn and yn are only required if concent:ration
or deposition calculations are b.eing made for part:iculat:es wit:h appreci-
able gravitational settling velocities (diamet:ers great:er t:han about 20
micrometers). Particulate emissions from-each source can be divided by
the user into a maximum of 20 gravitational settling-velocity categories.
2-10
[
c
,[
[
[
r l~
[
[
c
c
c
[
[
c
[.
[
[
L
Parameter
Stacks
Q
z s
h
v s
T s
v sn
TABLE 2-6
SOURCE INPUTS REQUIRED BY THE
ISC MODEL PROGRAMS
Definition
Pollutant emission rate for concentration
calculations (mass per unit time)
Total. pollutant emissions during the time
period T for which deposition is calcu-
lated (mass)
Pollutant decay coefficient. (seconds-1)
X and. Y coordinates of the stack (:meters)
Elevation of base. of. stack (meters above
~· ~e~~. ~evel:) J
StaCk:axit:ve.l.ocity-(meters per second)
" ' ..
Stack inner diameter· (meters)
Staek_exit temperature (degrees Kelvin)
Mass fraction of particulates in the nth
settling-ve.locity· category
Gravitational settling velocity for par-
ticulates in the nth settling-velocity
category (meters per second)
Surface reflection coefficient for par-
ticulates in the nth settling-velocity
category
-~Height of building adjacent te the stack
(meters) -· · · ·
·--·--·-~~-·-----------·---------
. ·-------·-------------·--·--------·····----
Parameter
w
L
-Volume Source
(Line Source)
-
Q
Q"t'
;l/J
X, y
z s
H
v sn
Area
Source
,
'
TABLE 2-6 (Continued)
Definition
Width of building adjacent to the stack (meters)
Length of building adjacent to the stack
(meters)
Same definition as for stacks
Same definition as for stacks
Same definition as for stacks
X and Y coordinates of the center of the volume
source or of each volume source used to repre-
sent a line·· source (meters) ..
Elevation of the ground surface at the point of
the center of each volume source (meters above
mean sea level)
Height of the centerof each volume source above
the ground surface (meters)
Initial horizontal dimension (meters)
Initial vertical dimension (meters)
Same definition as for stacks
Same definition as for stacks
Same definition as for stacks
Pollutant emission rate for concentration cal-
culations (mass per unit time per unit area)
2-12
_. ·----------------~-----· -~~~~_:_ ________________________________________ . --------------.. ---·····-·-
------c
-c
; .r
['
[
[
r
b
[
~ -' ~ . E
c
[
0
co
b .
I
b
6
[
[ .
J
c
c
r
L
[
c
E
c
[
Parameters
X,. y
H
... -·,.
~ 2-6 (Continued)
Definition
rot:al. pollut:ant: emissions during the tiEe
period ~ for which deposi.t:ion i.s calcu-
lat:ed (mass per unit area)
Sama definition as for stacks
.x and Y coordinates of the southwest cor-
ner of the sqti.ara·· area source (meters)
Elevat:ion of ~he area.. source (meters above
mean. sea level)
Effective emission height of the area
source (meters)
·Width· gf· the square area source (meters)
Same. definition as for stacks'
Same definition as for stacks
.. Same: definition as for stacks
.
2-13
-----· .. ·-·--·----··· ...
Emission ra~es used by the short-term model progr~ ISCST may be held
constant or may be varied as follows:
• By hour of the day·
• By season or month
•
·•·
By hour of the day and season
By ~.nd-speed and stability categories (applies to
fugitive sources of wind-blown dust)
Emission races . used by the long-term model program !SCLT may be annual
average· rates or may be varied by season or by wind-speed and stability
categories.
Additional source ~nputs required for staCks include the
physical staCk height, the stack exit velocity, the stack inner diameter
and. the stack exit temperature. For. an. area source or a volume source,
the dimensions of the source and the effective emission height are
.entered in place of these parameters. If a stack :i.s located on or ad-
jacent to a builung and the staCk height to building height ratio is
less than 2.5, the length (L) and width (W) of the building are
required as source inputs in order. to include aerodynamic wake effects
·in t.he model. calculations. The bui Zding UJake effects option is c::u.toma:t-
icaZZy.e=ercised if building dimensions are entered.
2.2.3 Rece'Otor Data
'The rsc· Dispersion Model computer programs allow the user to
select either a Cartes.ian (X, Y) or a polar (r, 9) receptor grid system.
In the Cartesian system, the X-axis is positive to the east of a user-
specified origin and the Y~axis is positive to the north. In the polar
system, r is the radial distance measured from the user-specified
origin and the angle e (azimuth bearing) is measured clockwise from
2-14
L
[
[
c
L
[
[
[ ..
[
[
c
[
[
c
L
north. If pollutant emissions are dominated by a single source or by a
group of sources in clos~ proximity, a polar coordinate system with its
origin at the location of the dominant source or sources is the preferred
receptor grid system. However, if the industrial source complex is
comprised of multiple sources that. are not located at the same point., a
Cartesian coordinate system is usually more convenient. Additionally,
if the Universal Transverse Mercator (U'!M) coordinate system is used to
define source locations and/or to extract the elevations of receptor
points from USGS topographic maps, the UTM system can also be used in
the ISC Model calculations. Discrete (arbitrarily placed) receptor
points corresponding to the locations of air quality monitors, elevated
terrain features, the property boundaries of the industrial source
comple."'t or other· points of interest can be used with either coordinate
system.
In the polar coordinate, ;;ystem, receptor points are usually
spaced at. 10-degree interiais ~n c~n~~t~ic ~~gs. Thus, there are 36
receptors on each rin~.: The radial,.distances from the origin to the
receptor rings a"Fe: user·: sell!ct;ed. .and·,~.e ,generally set equal to the
distances to the expected maximum .g~o~d~;Levl!l, concentrations for the
major pollutant sources under the mo~,~ :..fl\~quent S!tability and wind-speed
combinations. Estimates of these distances can be obtained from the PIMA.'\:
~omputer program (Turner and Busse, 1973) or from preliminary calculations
using the ISCST computer progrm.m--:., Th~ ~~ number of receptor points
is determined by. factors. such. as .. the number, of sources and the des ired
output (see Equation (3-l) for th~ slto.rt~term model and Equations (4-1),
(4-2) and (4-3) for the long7term mod~) •;'r ~'example of a polar receptor
array is shown in Fi~ure 2-2. :~ :. ~ .... _-_ ~-'
In the C~rtesian coordin.a_te _system, . the. X and Y coordinates
of the receptors are specified by the us_er.. The spacing of grid points
is not required i;o. be uniform sa. that . the .density of grid points can be
greatest in the area of t;he exp~c;t~ad.-maximum ground-level concentrations.
2-15
__ ........:_ _________________ _
..
. .-.. ;.,•·,
•
• ·,,;_I 't-
•
•
• •
. ·-: .. .. . •
•
•
•
•
-----------------~---------------------·"'' ..
·•
• . ..
·•
•• J ...
•
•
• •• .•
•
•
•
· ... •.:·:· ... ::~
:;}~-: ;: • .. ..
~ -..:
• •
' •
~ ~\_-'!, . ' •
•
·s·~~-: • •
!.·( !;
•
• •
•
. .:,;_:.::r~ :..'· ~-.. ~-.. :--•
-· .• '
•· •
-.•
• ·•
• • •· •
•
.. .. .. .... :,;;.:.' --~-~: ~: :~:: ~:'· ·•: ··-· ::' -· • .. •. ·•· '':":'\<"_!._r~ ...... ~---,_.,.,.,._ ._.. . .. • • • • • , •• ·• .... <~!' .. , • ·-:-~--~: .. :-"""' ·:·· •• • • • ·• • • •
-~ i. -('• ~-· ·.·, • ..• ·: • • . . ..
-... .. •
~ ... .-.' ~ .~·,'" t··
-~ --
••
• •
• • •
• •
• • • • • .. • • • •
• • • ·-
. . • • • • • • • •
• •
• • •
·• •
• •
•
F!GURE ~ ·2. Ex~le of. a_ P~t~; .~ec~pt:or, gri~. The stipp'ieci area shows the
property of a h:fpotha~cal. industrial source complex.
2-16
_, .r·. , __
[
[
c
[
[
c
·C
L
[.
[
[
[
[
C·
L
For example, assume that an industrial source complex is comprised of a
number of major sources, contained within a 1-kilometer square, whose
maximum ground-level concentrations are expected to occur at downwind
distances ranging from 500 to _1000 meters. The Cartesian receptor grid
{X andY • 0, !200~ !400~. ~00, !800, !1,000, !1~200, !1,500, !2,000,
!3,000} illustrated in Figure 2-3 provides a dense spacing of grid
points in. the areas where the highest concentrations are expected to
occur. As shown by Figure 2-3, use of the Cartesian system requires
that some of the receptor points be located within the property of the
source complex~ Also, some of the receptors may be located within 100
meters of an individual source.. If a receptor· is located within 100
meters of a source, a warning message is printed and concentrations are
not calculated for the source-receptor. combination. The 100-meter
restriction,. which arises from: the fact that the Pasquill-Gifford curves
begin at: 100· meters,. is not a: problem in. this case· because the concentra-
tions of conc.ern are the· concentrations calculated at and beyo~d the
property boundaries of tha sour.ce· cOmplex~. Comparison of Fisures 2-2
and 2-3 shows that, .fa~.: the hypothetiea.l. industrial source complex
described above, the: Cartesian ·receptor array is mora likely to detect
the maximum concentrations. produced by the combined emissions from the
various sources within the industrial source complex than is the polar
receptor array.
As noted above, discrete (arbitrarily spaced) receptor points
may be entered using either a.polar or a Cartesian coordinate system.
In general~ discrete receptor points are placed at the locations of air
quality monitors, the boundaries of the property of an industrial
source complex or at other points of interest. HOwever, discrete
receptor ·.points. can be used for many purposes. For example, assume that
a proposed coal-fired power plant will be located approximately 30 kilo-
meters from a National Park that is a Class I (pristine air quality)
area and that it. is desired to determine whether the 3-hour·and 24-hour
Class I Non-Deterioration Increments for so 2 will be exceeded on more
2-17
-~---.... -·-----~ .. -·-·--.
2000~------~--~~-+~~+-~~-+~~+-~~---+------~
',". •.. . . .. ·.~ .... .~ •:
...... ·~ ~ -· :.. . • ........ ·*"• :·
-2000~------~--~~-+~~+-~~-+~~+-~~--~------~
-3000~----~~--~~~~~_.~~._~~~~--~~----~ -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000
FIGURE 2-3. Example of an irregul.ady-spacacl Cartesian recept:or grid.. The
stippled area show• th• properey of a hypothet:ical induat:rial
sourc.a complex.
2-18
[
c
-[
[
[
c
[
[
[
c
[
C .. · .
.
'lc
B
L
L
[
[
c
[
[
c
0
[
b
[J
[
than 18 days per year. The angular dimensions of the areas within which
the 3-hour and 24-hour Class I Non-Deterioration Increments for so 2 are
exceeded are usually less than 10 degrees. It follows that a polar
coordinate system with a 10-degree angular separation of receptors is
not adequate to detect all occurrences of 3-hour and 24-hour so 2 concen-
trations above the short-term Class I. so 2 Increments. The user may
therefore wish to place discrete: receptors at !-degree intervals along
the boundary of and within the Class I area.
If model calculations are to be made for an industrial source
complex located in complex terrain~ the elevation above mean sea level
of each receptor must be input. If the eZeva;t;i.on of any reoeptor e::r:aeeds
the height; of any stack or the effeoti.ve emission height of a:ny voLume
souroe, an error message is printed and progranr e:::ecut:ion is terminated.
2. 3 PLUME' RISE. FOIOOTI..AS .
The effective. stack. height H. o:f a plume with momentum and/or
thermal buoyancy· is given by the sum. of· the physical stack height h and
the plume rise t.h. The-ISC Model programs use the generalized Briggs
(1971, 1975) plume--rise equations.. Parameters used in these equations
are defined as follows:
F' •
F •
0
(l - T /T ) • F' > F a s ' c
2-19
F' < F - c
···---·-------··------------·· ..
(2-1)
(2-2a)
where
r
0~0727 (V d)4/J ; F' < 55 4 3 ~ m /sec " . S· . -··
F --(2-2b) c
0 0141· (V d)5 /3 F' > 55 4 3 m /sec -~ ' s . . ... ~.·--.. ~; ..
. "-·-· • -,•:--w:--•·-.:-.:•• ,;,:._.., .... ~ -~ _g '
'"
(2-3)
• momentum flux' term ·
"· • ··---·· ·n ···-·····-~---,.....,, ....... ·~ . ...
F = buoyancy flliX term
F · • buoyancy flux below which plume rise is due to momentum only c
ej .. jet ~ntrainm.ent;.coefficient
T • a
T • s
O· ambient air temperature ( K)
sta~k:ex'i.t t~perature (°K),' input as zero for a pure
momentum source
,-. }!9 ., ~ •_, ~ta.~ :-:~~t -.V:el()C:i;J!• :.J:m( sec) , :input. as. zero if no plume
rise is to be calculated ·
: .. ·. . ~. .. . .
g ·= accelerad:.on due to, gravity (9.8 -m/sec2 )
u{h} = mean wind speed (m/sec) at emission height h
' ~-. . ' ....... ~. :·
If th~-vert:i:.ca.J. potential temperature gradient is less than or
equal to zero (th~-d~f~~it value for the A, B, C and D Pasquill stability
categories), plume ~se __ li.~ _ due to guoyancy and/or momentum at downwind
distance x iS-given by
(2-4)
2-20
[
c
,[
[
[
[
[
c
-~ u
[
6
[
L
[
[
[
c:·-
[
[
[
0
c
b
U.
.
·•
X . x < 3.5 x* and F > 0 •·
; X<
4d (vs + 3u{hl)2
and F • 0 :lC v
8
a{h}
x' •· (2-5)
3.5. x* . x. .::.._ 3.5 x* and. F > 0 •
4d (v ~ + Ju{hl) 2
~
4d (v s + .3ii{h}l2
and F • 0 v a{h} x.::.... v u{h} ·
s . s
.. 4 3} F ~ 5.5 m. /sec
. . 4 3 F > S.S m./sec.
(2-6)
'where the default:. value· for the adiabatic entrai:mnent:. coefficient. al is o. 6
(Briggs,. 1975). It should be., noted that Equation (2-4) is a theoretical
formulation. At present,. sufficient.. experimental. data.· to determiile the
validity of the final plume rises yielded by Equation. (2-4) for non-buoy-
ana:. plumes are not available.
If the. vertical. potential temperature gradient is positive,
plume rise Ahs at downwind distance x is given by
Ah. {x}
s •
+ 311 (1 -cos (s 112 x' /a{h}) )1 113
a~ u{hl s J
2-21
(2-7)
x'
where
X
-
. ,
s
·x < ~ u{h} s-112 and F > a
x < Eu{h} s-1/2 and F • o 2
-{ } -1/2 X2,:~U.h S and F > 0
x > ~ u{h} s-112 and F • o -2
•
S ·• stability parameter·
vert:ic:al potential temperature gradient. (the default ~~ • value is 0.0200K/m for E stability and 0.035°K/m for
F stability)
(2-8)
(2-9)
'!he default. value for the stable entrainment coefficient s2 is o. 6
(Briggs, 19?!1). It should be not.ed that, if the buoyancy parameter F is
equal to zero and ~s {x} is greater than JV 5 d/u{:h} ~ th4 ).SC M~~~ :pro-.
g:ams set ~h {x} equal to JV d/u{h}. Equation (2-7) is a theoretical s s
formulation. In the case of non-buoyant. plumes, sufficient experimental
data to det.ermine the validity of the final plume rises calculated by
Equation (2-7) currently are not available.
It is important to n,te that the calculation of plume rise as
a funct:ion of downwi.nd distance is an ISC Model option. If the !SC Model
2-22
[
[
[
[
:
[
L:
c
r L;
[
L
u
[
G
·C
Q
b
c .
[
[
[
[:
r~
L
[
c
[
[
[
0
[
c
6
[
[
programs are not directed to calculate plume rise as a function of
downwind distance, the programs will assume that the final plume rise
applies at all downwind distances. The final plume rise with an adia-
batic or unstable thermal. stratification is given by Equation (2-4) with
x' set equal to the. maximum. value allowed by Equation (2-5). Similarly,
the final. plume rise with a stable thermal stratification is given by
Equation (2-7) with x' set equal. to the ma:ximum. value allowed by Equa-
tion (2-8).
A wind-profile exponent law is used to adjust the mean wind
speed ul from the wind system. measurement 'height zl (default value of
10 meters) to the emission height h.. This· law is of the form
- -(h )p .~ ... · · · 1 ·· ·z• · u.{:t. .. }. •· .. u .·· ·.-.. · . . . l
where p is the· wind-profile exponent. The· default:: values for p are
given in Table· 2-2.
(2-10)
As an option,. the user may. direct. the ISC Model programs to
consider stack-tip downwssh for all stacks following the_suggestions of
Briggs (1973). The physical stack height h is replaced by an adjusted
stack height h', which is defined a.s
h' -(2-11)
2-23
The user is cautioned that Equation (2-:"11) is based on data obtained in
an aeronautical wind tunnel without airstream turbulence and without pro-
per Froude number s'ca.J...:b.g fo£ ·buoyancy effects {see Ralitsky, 1978).
Additionally, the published data upon which Equation (2-11) is based
--· ....• ~ ·. :·-.~·/,;;;,.:..,:: .·.:::: .?~··.:::~:. .-... ·-··· ·--~ -·~ '
(She:r~oek. anc:l:.~-t~er·!:}_9.4l),,F.~~r .to .the dowp.ward displacement_of the
~ower plume· bbunctary ra:ther·· than>'tb .the 'dawtl.ward displacement of the
'< --~:-.• ~~·. ··~·-, •• ·.: •
plume-center~e.'
.. ·.-... ..
2.4 THE J:SC SHORT-TERM DISPERSION MODEL EQUATIONS
2.4.1 Stack Emissions
· ..
The.-ISC short-tenn _c;:.oncentration model for stacks uses the
steady-state Gaus15ian plume.~quationfpr a continuous elevated source.
For .. each. stack.. and . each hour., .. tb.e. o.rigin of the stack's coordinate sys-. . . ' -' -., -~ . ,..· : . -~ . .. -.
tem is _plac;:.eci.at the grqun:;,;5urface at the base of the stack. The x
axis is P9Sit:f,.ve in t}le, downwind. direction, the y a.:xi.s. is crosswind
~' --· ... · ' .. -·---~-~: ~ -~·· . -• ····--· .. ., ' .
(normal.) to the x axis and the . z axis extends vertically. The fixed
receptor· locations are converted to each stack's coordinate system for
each.hourly concent:t;a;~.C?U cpJ.cullil.tion. The ho'urly concentrations. calcu-
lated for each stack at .. each. receptor are summed to' obtain the total . - . . . • .·, . . . ,J'.' ' -'• . " -~
concent:ation produced at each receptor by the combined stack emissions.
The'hourly gr~und-level concentratio~ at downwind distance X
and cross~d_distance y is given by
. ·-'.
;{Vert::!:cal Tenn} {Decay Term}
2-24
(2-12)
[
[
c
n
c
[
L
[!
c
c:
c\
;
'
L~
[
[
c
c
[
»-
'"'
[ ...-.;.
-
c
c
G -
C-·
c
E
c
L
where
Q • pollutant emission rate (mass per unit time)
K • a scaling coefficient to convert calculated
concentrations to desired units (default
value of 1 ~· 106 for Q in g/sec and concen•
tration in l-8/m3) .
standard deviation of lateral, vertical con-
centration distribution (m)
u{h} -mean wind speed (m/sec) at Stacie. height h
Equation (2-12) includes: a Vertical Term, a Decay Term, and dis-
persion coefficients <oy and az). The dispersion coefficients and the
Vertical Term are discussed. below.. It should be noted that the Vertical
Term includes the effects. of 110urce. elevation,. plume rise, limited mix-
ing in the vertical, and: the. gravi.tationai. settling and dry deposition.
of larger particulates: (particulates with diameters greater than. about
20 micrometers).
The Decay Term,. which· is a simple method of accounting for
· pollutant removal by physical or chemical processes, is of the form
where
· {Decay Term} • exp .[ljl x/u{h~
(' -1 •~P • the decay coefficient sec )
For example, if T112 is the pollutant half life in. seconds, the user
can obtain q, from the relationship
q,. -0.693
Tl/2
2-25
(2-13)
(2-14)
··----··---···· ···---------------------~-
Tne default value for ~ is zero.
the model calculations unless ~
!hat is. decay is not considered in
is specified.
In addition to stack emissions, the ISC short-term concentration
model considers emissions from area and volume sources. The volume-
source option is also used to simulate line sources. These model options
are described in Section 2.4.2. Section 2.4.3 gives the optional algorithms
for calculating dry deposition for stack, area and volume sources.
2.4.1.1 The Dispersion Coefficients
a. Point Source Dis'Dersion Coefficients. Equations that
approximately fit the Pasquill-Gifford curves (Turner~ 1970) are used to
calculate a and a • . y z
form
The equations used to calculate
0' • 465.11628 X tan(TH) y
TH • 0.017453293 (c -d ln x)
a are of the· y
where the downwind distance x is in kilometers in Equations (Z-15) and
(2-16); the coefficients c and d are listed in Table 2-7. The equa-
tion used to calculate is of the form
b ax
where the downwind distance x is in kilometers in Equation (2-17) and
the coefficients a and b are given in Table 2-8.
2-26
(2-15)
(2-16)
(2-17)
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
c
[
E
~~-
~
L__::;
[
[
j
~l
[
[
D
[
G
D·
c
o
[
- -
Pasquill
Stability.
Category
A
B
c
D
E
F'
T.A.BLE 2-7
P.AB.AMETERS USED TO
CAI.CUI..ATE-cr y
cry· .-465.11628: x(l<:m) tan (TH)
Ta.• 0.017453293 (c -d ln (x(km)))
c: d
24.1670 2.5334
18.3330 1.8096
12.5000 1.0857
8.3330 0.72382
6.2500:. 0.54287
4;1667 0 .• 36191
.;. • J ._,
.. , ' ;'J
·;.} .. ;.;
Z-27
.. ·----·-·-·---·-· ··------------········ -·----··--___ .........._ _______ _
Pasquill
.. Stability
category ---·
A*
B*
C*
D
·-
P.A:RAME'!ERS USED·. TO
CALCUI.A.TE a z
:.:·{km) . .. ..
a z
-,.·:!" •• -~ . -
a
0.10 -0.15 158.080
0.16 -0.20 170.220
0.21 -0.25 179.520
0,.26 -0.30 217.410
.0.31 -0.40 258.890
0.41 -0.30 346.750
0.51 -3.11 453.850
:>3.11 **
0.10 -0.20 90.673
0.21 -0.40 98.483
' >0.40 109.300 ..
>0.10 61.141
. ··' .
0.10 -0.30 .. 34.4.59 -. .. ·:·
0.31 -L.cro .. 32.093 .. .. . .
1.0'1 -3.00 32.093
.-
3.01 -10.00 33.504
10.01 ... 30.00 36.650
>30.00 4 .... o.s3
b -a x(km)
-b
1.05420
1.09320
1.12620
1.26440
1.40940
1. 72830
2.11660
**
0.93198
0.98332
1.09710
0~9146.5
0.86974
0.81066
0.64403
0.60486
0.56589
0 • .51179
*If the calculated value of crz exceeds 5000 ~, crz is set
to 5000 m.
*~a-is equal to 5000 m • ...
2-28
------r
[
[
[
r~
l_;
[
[
c
[
. [
B
[
L
~
[
l
[.
[
[
[
['
L
[
E
G
c
6
U·
u
l
Pas quill
Stability
Category
E·
......
F
..
·.
-------------------·--.... -~---
!ABLE 2-8 (Continued)
b C1 = a x(km)
X (km) z
a: b
0.10 -0.30 23.331 0.81956
0.31.-1.00 21.628. 0.75660
1.01-2.00 21.628 0.63077
2.01 -4.00 22.534 o. 57154
4.01 -10.00 24.703 0.50527
10.01 -20.00 '26.970 0.46713
20.01 -40.00 35~420 0.37615
>40.00 47.618 0.29592
..
0.10 -0.20 '15.209 0.81558
0.21.-0.70 14.457 0.78407
0.71-1.00 13.953 0.68465
1.01 -2.00 13.953 0. 63227
2.01 -3.00 14.823 0.54503
3;,01 -7.00· 16.187 . 0.46490
7.01 -15.00 17.836 0.41507
..
15.01 -30.00 22.651 0.32681
30.01 -60.00 27.074 0.27436
.. >60.00 34.219 0.21716.
2-29
-·---· ···---·--···· ·····----
b. Downwind and Crossvind Distances. As noted in Section
2.2.3, the ISC Model uses either a polar or a Cartesian receptor grid as
specified. by the user. In the polar coordinate system, the radial coor-
dinate of the po.int (r, 6) is measured. from the user-specified. origin and
angular coordinate e is measured clockwise from north. In the Cartesian
coordinate systemt the X axis is positive to the east of the user-speci-
fied orig~ and. the Y axis is positive to the north. For either type of
receptor grtd, the user must define the location of each source with respect
to the origin of the grid using Cartesian coordinates. In the polar coor,..
dinate system, the X and. Y coordinates of a receptor at the point (r,
6) are givan by
X(R) • r sin. 6 (2-18)
y (R) . -r cos a (2-19)
If the X and. Y c.oordinates of the source .are X(S) and Y (S), the down-
wind distance x to the receptor is given by
x • -(X(R) -X(S)) sin DD -· (Y(R) -Y(S)) cos DD (2-20)
where DD is the direction .!::2!. which the wind is blowing. If any receptor
is located within 100 meters of a source, a warning message is printed and
no concentrations are calculated for the source-receptor combination. The
crosswind distance y to the receptor (see Equation (2-12)) is given by
y --(Y(R) -Y(S)) sin DD + (x(R) -X(S)) cos DD (2-21)
2-30
[
6
-c
r >b
[
[
c
[
[
E
c
[;
6
~u
u
u
L
L
[
[
r.
'1
~·
,.
[' . ·~.
[
[
[
[
[
[
n
6
8
C,
u
B
L
[
c. Lateral and Vertical Virtual Distances. Equations (2-15)
through (2-17) define the dispersion coefficients for an ideal point source.
Howevert volume sources have initial lateral and vertical dimensions. AJ.so,
as discussed below, building wake effects can enhance. the initial growth of
stack plumes. In these cases, lateral (xy) and vertical (xz) virtual
distances are added by the ISC Model to the actual downwind distance x
for the a and. a cal:culations. The lateral virtual distance in k:i=lom-Y z
eters is given l;ly
xy(km) (
a (m))1/q
.. _yo.;.o::...._
p . (2-22)
where. the stability-dependent: coefficients p and. q are given in Table
2-9 and a is the standard deviation of the lateral concentration dis-yo
tribution at the source~ Similarly,_ tha vertical virtual distance in kilom-
eters is given by
where the coefficients a and b are obtained from Table 2-8 and a zo
is the standard deviation of the vertical concentration distribution at
the source. It is important to note that the ISC Model programs check
to ensure that the xz used to calculate az{x+xz} is the Xz calcu-
lated using the coefficients a and b that correspond to the distance
category specified by the quantity (x·+ xz).
(2-23)
·d. Procedures Used to Account for the Effects of Building
Wakes on Ef.fluent Disoersion. The procedures used by the ISC Model to
account for the effects of the aerodynamic "Takes and eddies produced by
plant buildings and structures on plume dispersion follow the suggestions
·of Huber and Snyder (1976) and Huber (1977). Their suggestions are princi-
2-31
-~-----~~-~-·--·-.:_···--··-·-·---.... ---~------------------------~---· ---~-----------··---~----------~--------· ------~
._.-.·:
COEFFICIENTS USED . TO CALCULATE
··' · LATExAL VI.RTUAI.' DISTANCES-·
-: .. :.·.
•;·,, i··:tv.
·'"··\ •\',.• ~-. .-..... ·
.: ·.·A. . --. . ...
c
D
. ·.• . ·. -· :·.
E
..... : .... :..::::..:·.:
F:.:. '• .1' .. __ ::.:. :·_·.: ~
...... : .... ::-.:·
' -.-. . ~ .·.
(. ·"·'-~. ·~--' >..!, ..... ~ ... t;(._
.. --::~~-; J ~~--.. ~:·.;..:· ·_:;..·_;_ .·.•.)
. ~ __ .. ~ ..... ,. . ~-.;.
: ....
_,._
.p.
\. ~ 209.14.
. . -.. ~-~
154.46
........ ·.-: ...
._ .. _, ...
2-32
10.~.26
68.26
51.06
.,33. 9.2
-,J.
q
0.890
0.902
0.917
0.919
0.921
0.919
----·-... -------··-.. . [
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
c
c
L
[
'
[.
c
c
c
B '
[j
u
pally based on the results of wind-tunnel experiments using a model build-
ing with a crosswind dimension double that of the building height. The
atmospheric turbulence simulated in the wind-tunnel experiments was inter-
mediate between the turbulent intensity associated with the slightly
unstable Pasqu:l.ll C category and the turbulent intensity associated with
the neutral D category. Thus, the ~ta reported by Ruber and Snyder
reflect a spec:Lfic stability,., building. shape and building ortentation
with. respect. to the. mean wind direction. It follows that the ISC Model
wake-effects evaluation procedures may not be strictly applicable to all
situations. Rowever, the. suggestions. of I:!uber and Snyder are based on
the best available data. and. are used by the ISC Model as interim proce-
dures until additional data. become available.
'the wake-effects evaluation procedures may be applied. by the
user to any stack. on or.· adjacent: to a. building. The distance-dspe:ndent
p'tume rise· op-tion f!enem'Z:Ly shQu.Zd be used UJ'i,th ths buiZdir11J wake effea_ta
op-tion. A.dditionaZZy,. bec:ause ths .. ef!eet:s?of sta,ik.-ti:p ~aJ3h (see
Equ.a.tion·_ (2-ll)) are impt.ici.tt.y. i7zC'tuilsd in the bu;itdir11J wake effeats
option~ ths stxiak-t:lp ~k dpt:it:Jn 1'1Q.f.'111a.Zt,y shou1.d not be used in
. "' -. . . . ' ·--, -' . ~ . . .
aombirra:tion 'UJith the bu.iZdirrg UJake.· effects option. The first step in
the wake-effects evaluation procedures used by· the ISC Model programs is
to calculate the plume\ rise due to momentum alone at a distance of two
building· heights downwind from the stack.. Equation (2-4) or Equation
(2-7) with the buoyancy parameter·F set equal to zero is used to calculate
this momentum rise. If the plume height, given by the sum of the stack
height and the momentum rise at a downwind distance of two building
heights, . is greater than either 2.5 building heights (2 .5 ~) or the sum
of the building height and 1.5 times the building width (~ + 1.5 hw),
the plume. is assumed to be unaffected by the building wake. Otherwise,
the plume·is assumed to be affected by the building wake •
. The ISC Model programs account for the effects of building
wakes by modifying cr for plumes from stacks with plume height to z
building height ratios greater than 1.2 (bu~ less than 2.5) and by
2-33
---------------~-----------------~---------·---.
·-~--···---· ---~-------------~-----------~---·---·-----·-----·-·---~-.............. -···
modifying both ay and a :z: for plumes with plume height to building
heigh: ratios less than or e.qual t.o 1. 2. The plume height used in the
plume height t:o s.tack height ratios i.s the same plume height used to
determine if the plume is affe.cted by the building wake. The ISC Model
defines bu:fldings as squat (hw 2:; ~) or tall (hw < ~). The building
width h is approximated by the di:ameter of a circle with an area w
equal t.o the horizontal area of the building. The ISC Model includes a
general procedure for modifying a and a at distances greater than z y
3 ~ for squat buildings or 3 hw for tall buildings. The air flow in
t:he building cavity region is both highly turbulent and generaliy recir-
culating. The ISC Mode.l i.s not appropriate. for e.st:imating concentrations
. within such regions. The ISC Mode.l assumption that this recirculating
cavity region extends to a dOWD.wind distance of ·3 ~ for a squat building
or 3 hw .:or a tall building is most appropriate for a building whose
width is not much greater than its height.. The 'ISC Model user is cautioned
that, for other type.s ofbui.ldings, receptors located at downwind distances
of 3 ·~ (squat buildings) or 3 hw (tall buildings) may be within the
re.ci.rculat.ing region. Some guidance and. techniques for estimating
. concentrations very near ·bui.id:ings e:a;.~. be found· in Barry (1964), P.alitsky
(1963) a:nd Vincent (1977). The downwash procedure found in Budney
(1977) may·also.beused to obtain a "worst,..case11 estimate.
' a • z
The modified a equation for a squat building is given by z
0.7~(m) + 0.067 [x(m) ·-3~(m)]; 3~(m) < x(m) < 10~ (m)
x (m) ~ 10~ (m)
(2-24)
where the building height ~ is in meters. For a tall building, Huber
(19i7) suggests tha't the width scale h,., replace ~ in Equation (2-24).
2-34
[
[
h
[
; ,[
[
r~
'L •
[
n u
c
E
n ,__.
c
6
·D
u
t
E
[
[
r
c
[·
["
~~.
['
[
c
.. r
L
[
[
c
c
' E
D
c
B
Q
l
The modified crz equation for a tall building is then given by
I cr • z
3h < x(m) < 1 Oh. (m) w w
x(m) > 10h (m) -w
<.~-25)
where h is in meters. It is important to note that cr' is not permitted w ~
to be less than the point source value given by Equation (2-17), a condition
that may occur with the A and B stability categories.
The vertical virtual. distance xz is added to the actual ·dow~ind
distance x at downwind. distances beyond 10~ (squat buildings) or lOhw
(tall buildings) in order to account for the enhanced initial plume growth
caused by the building wake. Equations. (2-17) and (2-24) can be combined
to derive the verticaL virtual distance x for a squat building. First, z.
it follows from Equation (2-2_4) that crz. is equal to L2~ at a downwind
distance. ~f· 10~ in me_te.rs or 0.01. ~;in kilometers. Thus, xz for a squat
building is obtained from Equation· (2-17} as follows:.
. -:
•··
% -z .
1.2~ . .. (2-26)
(2-27)
where the stabllity~ependen: constants a:. ~d b are given in Table 2-S.
Similarly; the vertical virtual distance for tall buildings. is given by
% z
--------· ------~-~-~ ----··---·---------------
-
. .. "1/b:-..::; : .
(l.2hw)--~ O.Olh
a w
2-35
. (2-28)
.. '
For a squat: 'bUilding. with a bUilding width to hu:Llding height ratio
less than or eqna.l:. to 5·, the modified Q' equation is. given by y .
' cr •
.Y
·. · {. . . c· .. ·· ··' ·; ·o ··'·}. .. . . 0 . . X (km) . + X. (k:ni) .
·.. y .. ' .. _Y. ~.·-x(m) ~ 10~ (m)
~ -
with the la:teral.'virtUai ,·di~taiice ,XY. giv~ by
X
.Y
'.
(2-29)
(2-30)
The. stability..;.dependent coefficients.· ii ·alid. q are given in Table 2-9.
For building width to building height ratios bw/hb greater than
5, the presently available dat;:a are insufficient to provide general equa-
tions for cr • For a buildillg tha.t' is much wider than it is tall and a y
stack located toward the center of the building (i.e., away from either
end), "only the height scale is considered te be significant. The modified
a equation ° for .a squat "buiid:i.ttg is: then given by y
"0·.35~ (m) + (};;·067 Jx(mJJ.;. 3~ (m~ ·; 3ho < x(m) < 10ho (m)
..
' r:; .... y (2-31)
x(m) ~ lO~(m)
2-36
---[
[
r L
[
E
t
L
[
[
[~·
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
c
[·~
~ ...
[~ u
D
.
.r
.
p
lJ
L
..
·-·•+.
with the lateral virtual distance xy given by
--(o.Past;, \ 1/q \ . I -o.o11;, (2-32)
For h,/hy, greater tb.an.. 5 and. a stack. located laterally within about 2.5 ~
of the end of the-building~ ·lateral plume spread is affected by the flow
around the end of the building. Wit;h eud effects. the enhancement in the
initial lateral ·spread is assumed not to exceed that given by Equation
(2-29) with h replaced ~y-5h • The modified cry equation is given w b
by
1 •. 75~ (m) + 0.067 ~(m) --3~ (m~ 3~ < x(m) < 10~ (m)
' a • y {2-33)
-(z.~V/q \ I -o.o1~ (2-34).
The upper and lower bounds. of the concentrations that can be expected to
occur near a building are determined respectively by Equations (2~31) and
(2-33). The user must. specify whether Equation (2-31) or Equation {2-33)
is to b~ used in the model calculations. In the absence of user instruc-
tions, t4e ISC &del uses Equation (2-31} if the building width to building
height ra~io hw/h], exceeds s.
Although Equation (2~31) provides the highest concentration esti-
mates for squat buildings with building width to building height ratios
2-37
----·------·---~---------.,..---------
h~/1-''b greeter t:han 5 ~ the equation is applicable only to a. stack.
locat.ed. near tb..a c.en'!:er of th.e building when th.e wind direction ia per-
pe::::~.d.ic.ular to the long side of the building (i.e., when the air flow
over the ·portion of the building containing the source is two dimensional).
!!!h:us:~ Equa:t;i.on (2-33) genezta't~y i:s mM'e a:pp~ tht::m. Equation (2-31).
It is believed that Equations (2-31) and (2-33) provide reasonable lim:f.ts
on the extent of the latera.J. ~anceme.n.t of dispersion and that t.hese
equations are adequate until additional data are available to evaluate
. the flCJW near very wide buildings •
. The modified cry equation for a tall building is given by
3h < x(m) < lOh w w
t
0' -y
cr {x (km) + x. (km)} y. .· y
Because the Pasquill-Gifford 0' and cr curves begin at a y z
downwind distance of 100 meters, the ·Isc Model programs print a warning
message and do not calculate concentrations for any source-receptor com-
bination where the source-receptor separation is less than the maximum
of lOO·meters or ~ for a squat building or 3hw for a tall bui.lding.
·rt should be noted that, for certain combinations of stability and build-
ing height and/or width, the vertical and/or lateral plume dimensions
i.u.dicated for a point source by the Pasquill-Giffordccurves at a down-
wind distance of ten building heights or w~dths can exceed the values
2-38
(2-35)
(2-36)
[
r -~
) ~i
[
c
[
E
c
6
L
L
,.,..,
!
c
[
[
'
[
[
[
[
r-b.
[
n u
c
f1
[J
L
given by Equation (2-24) or (2-25) and by Equation (2-29), (2-31) or
(2-32). Consequently, the ISC MOdel programs do not permit the virtual
distances xy and xz to be less than zero.
It is important to note that the use of a single effective
building width hw for all wind. directions-is a simplification that is
required. to enable the ISC MOdel computer. programs. to operate within the
constraints imposed on the programs without sacrificing other desired
ISC Model features. The effective building width ·h affects a for w z
tall buildings (hw < ~) and cry for squat buildings (hw z:. ~) with
plume height. to building height ratios less than or equal to 1.2. Tall
buildings typically· have lengths and widths that are equivalent so that
the use of one value of h for. all wind directions does not significantly w
affect the accuracy of. the calculations. However, the use of one value
of hw for squae buildings· with plume. height to building height ratios
less than or equal to 1.2 affects; the. accuracy of the calculations near
the source if the building length: is, large. in comparison with the building . .
width. For example, if the. building· height: and width are approximately
the same and the building. length is. equal'to ·five building widths, the . ..
ISC MOdel at a downwi~. distance/of·l~'Uil.derestimates the centerline
concentration or deposition by about: 40 percent for-winds parallel to
the building's long side and overestimates the centerline concentration
(or deposition) by about~ 60 percene·for winds nomal to the building's
long side. -Thus, the user should ~ercise caution in interpreting the
results of concentra:~ion (or dep·os:i:tibu') 'CaJ.culations for receptors
located near a squat bullding if tb~'itadC: height. to building height
~ .. ·~.,..i'"'C. .. ratio is less than or equal to 1. 2'. ' ' · " -
j' -·
. The recommended procedure{ foi'. calc:U.lating accurate concentra-
tion (or deposition) values for receptors located near squat buildings
consists of two phases. First, the appropriate ~C Model program is
executed using the effective buila!ng ·width· hw derived from the building
length and width. Second,. the ISC Model calculations· are repeated for
2;-39
the recepeors near the scurce ~~:h highest calculaeed conceneraeion (or
deposition) values using recepeor•speci!ic values of hw. For example_
assume thae ehe ISCST program is used wieh a year of sequeneial hourly
data.to calculaee maximum 24-hour average concenerations and that the
highest calculated concentrations occur at Receptor A on Julian Day 18
and at Recepeor B on Julian .Day 352. The crosswind building width hw
associated-with the wind directions required to transport emissions to
Receptors A and B may· be obtained from a scale drawing of the building.
The ISCST program. is then executed for Receptor A only on Day 18 only
using the appropriate hw value for Receptor A. Similarly, the ISCST
program is executed for Receptor .B only on Day 352 only using the appro-
priate hw . value for Receptor :a.
..
2.4.1.2 ·The Vertical-Term
a. The Vertical Te-rm fo'l:' Gases and Small Particulates. In
general, the effects on ambient concentrations of gravitational settling
and dry deposition· ean be neglected for gaseous pollutants and small
pareiculates (diameters less than about 20 :micrometers). The Vertical
...
{Vertical Term} • l-t i (!;)j + t~ t i ~2i::-H)j
+ exp E t (2i\+ JJ]l
2-40
(2-37)
[
[
,[
[
[
[
[
[
E
c
u
tJ
L
L
[
c
c
c
r -=:J t
c
[
c
[~
L
[
[
0
c
[ j
0
c
6
D
L
.•
where
H ~ effective stack height • sum of actual stack heigh~
h (m) and buoyant rise ~h (m)
H • mixing height (m) m
The infinite series term in. Equation. (2-37) accounts for the effects of
the restriction on vertical plume growth at the top of the surface
mixing layer. As shown by Figure 2-4, the method of image sources is
used to account for multiple reflections of the plume from the ground
surface and at the top of the surface mixing layer. It should be noted
that. if the effective stack height H exceeds the mixing height H , . m
the· plume. is assumed to remain elevated. and tha ground•level concentration
is set equal to zero ..
Equation .. (2-37) assumes: that the mixing· height in rural and
. .
urban areas . is known for all stability cat~gor:ies. As explained below,
the meteorological preprocessor· progra:ai uses·mixing heights derived from
twice-daily mixing heights calculated. using the Holzworth (1972) pro-
cedures.. These mixing heights are. believed to be representative, a~
least on the average,. of mixing heights. in urban areas under all stabil-
ities and of mixing heights in rural. areas during periods of unstable or
neutral stability. However·, because the Holzworth minimum mixing heigh~s
are intended to include the heat island effect for urban areas, their
applicability to rural areas during periods of stable meteorological
conditions (E or F stability) is questionable. Consequently, the ISC
Model iri the Rural Mode currently d&letes the . infinite series term in
Equation ·._(2-37) for the E and F stability· categories.
The Vertical Term defined by Equation (2-37) changes the form
of the vertical concentration distribution from Gaussian to rectangular
(uniform concentration within the surface mi~ng layer) at long downwind
2-41
. .
.......... -· .... ---·--··------------.. -------·--·~----------·---·------~-----··-------.. ·---~----.-.... [
[
Hm
< t\ . .( // v/ \ //"\
/ /\ \ / \ ~)) / \ y\ \
'x/ . \</ \ \
/\ / \ \\
~----< ~) \1 \\ \\ \
'\ ''\ \ \ \
2Hm+H \( \ \ \ \\
. / '· \ .\. \ \ / .. \. . \ \ \ \ . \
l)) IMAGE \ \ \ . \ \
PLUME \ \ \ , 2Hm-H MIXING HEIGHT (Hm}
b
[
. l-..
' ' ' __ ;
[-
r·
[
r L
[
B
c
[
L
·C
L
riGUU 2-4. The method of I:ILlltip~e plume images wsecl to simulate plume reflec-h.·.:_·
tiou iu the !SC Moclel. U
2-42
L
L
[
[.
[
[
c
r
L
[
[
L
distances. Consequently, in order to reduce computational time without
a loss of accuracy, Equation (2-12) is Changed to the form
X {x,y} .. KQ
.rz::; u{h}O' a Y m
(2-38)
at downwind distances where the 0' /H ratio is greater than or equal to z m
1.6.
· ithe metearological preprocessor program used by the ISC short-
term model (see Appendix G) uses an interpolation scheme to assign
hourly rural or urban mixing. heights on the basis of the early morning
and afternoon. mixing heights calculated using the Holzworth (1972)
procedures. The procedures used. to interpolate hourly mixing heights in
urban and rural areas are illustrated in Figure 2-S, where
H. {max}· .. maximum mixing height on a. gi.ven day m
..
H {min} -mini:mnm mixing. height:. on a given day m .
MN ... m:idn:ight
Sit .. sunrise
ss -suaset
The interpolation procedures are functions of the stability category for
the hour· before sunrise. If the hour before sunrise is neutral, the
mixing h~ights that apply are indicated by the dashed lines labeled
neutral in Figure 2-5. · If the hour before sunset is stable, the mi..ung
hei.ghts that apply are indicated by the dashed lines labeled stable. It
should be pointed out that there is a discontinuity in the rural mL~ing
2-43
---~-----~·----· -------··-----·-----------.
C) z -·. X -:E
·-···-·--·--··-----·
MN SR .1400-SS . MN.,. MN
MN.
"' ~ ·--.
<.~tlJ.~ban Mixir1g Heights
~AY1
· , JNeu!ralt
.................... ... ... :, .,·:-_""'f'!"' ........
I
~m {max}
I
I
I
I
I
I
(Stable)
I
I
I
,,,, •. ,. 1·.:;·
I
(b) Rural Mixing Heights
..... {Neutral) ......... ....... _._..~
i
I
I
I
I
I
(Stable)
I
/ Hm {max}
I
I
MN
MN
FIGURE 2-5. Schematic illuatraticn of (a) urban ·and (b) rural mixing height:
interpolation procedures.
2-44
·-·-··----· ... ~---...
[
[:
'[
,,[
[
[
[
[
[
E
c
[
6
·C
u
0
c
[
[
[
b
[
Li
[
c·
c
[.
c
E
c
c-
6
D.
c
D
L
l
he.ight at sunrise if the preceding hour is stable.. As explained above~
because of the uncertainties about the applicability of Holzworth mixing
heights to rural areas during periods of E and F stability, the ISC
Model in the Rural Mode ignores the interpolated mixing heights for E
and F stabilities and. effectively sets. the mixing height equal to in-
finity.
b. 'the Vertical Term in Complex Terrain. 'the ISC Model
makes the following assumption about· plume behavior in complex terrain:
• 'the plume axis remains at the plume stabilization height
above mean sea level as it passes over elevated terrain
• The mixing height is terrain following
• . The wind speed is a function of. he.ight above the surface
· .. (seer Equation: (2-10))
Thus~ a modified piume . stabilization. he.ight . R' is substituted for the
effective sta~ height R ia the VerticaL Term· given by Equation (2-37).
For exam:Ple, . the effective· plume stabilization height at the point (X, '{)
is. given by
(2-39)
where
zs • height above mean sea level of the base of the stack
. z {X,;Y} . • height above mean sea· level of the point (X, Y)
2-45
---------------------~--------------~-----------------
---·-·---------·--·· ··------------------------·-· --------·-
It should be noted that, ii the ter:ain he~ght (z{X,Y} -z ) exceeds h s
for a stack or H for a volume source (See Section 2.4.2), tho computer
program prints an error message and terminates execution. Also, if the
recepto~ elevation is less than the stack base elevation, the receptor
elevation is set equal to the stack base elevation by the computer program.
Figure 2-6 illustrates the terrain-adjustment procedures used by the ISC
Model.
c. The Vertical Term for Large Particulates. The dispersion
of particulates or droplets with. significant gravitational settling veloc-
ities differs from that of gaseous pollutants and small particulates in
that the larger particulates are brought to the surface by the combined
processes of a~spheric turbulence and gravitational settling. Addition-
ally, gaseous pollutants and small particulates tend to be reflected from
the. surface, while larger particulates that come in contact with the su:-
face ~y be completely or partially retained at the surface. The ISC Model
Vertical Term for large particulates includes the effects of both gravita-
tional settling and dry deposition. Gravitational. settling is assumed to
result in a tilted plume with the plume axis inclined to the horizontal
at an angle given by arctan (V /u) where V is the gravitational settl-.s -s
ing velocity. A user-specified fraction y of the material that reaches
the ground surface by the combined processes of gravitational settling
and atmospheric turbulence is assumed to be reflected fram the surface.
Figure. 2-7 illustrates the vertical concentration profiles for complete
reflection from the surface (y equal to unity), So-percent reflection from
the su:face (y equal to 0.5) and complete retention at the surface (y equal
to zero).
For a given particulate source, the user must subdivide the total
particulate emissions into N settling-velocity categories (the maximum value
of N is 20). The ground-level concentration of particulates with settling
velocity V is given by Equation (2-12) with the Vertical Term defined sn
as (Dumbauld and Bjorklund, 1975)
2-46
....
,[
[
[
r L
[
[
0
·D
E
I ' c
,, ,.
TOP Of SURfACE MIXING LAYER
FIGUKE 2-6. Illustration of plume behavior in complex terrain aaaumed by the ISC Hodel.
'· .. i
,· ~ ~~; . ,,
',•
J,.
-4~~~~------+.----------~--~~
~ •.
(a) SELECTED FOLDED NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS
........ _.'
·; .....
,.
·'··!
TOTAL REFLECTION ; . :
(Y = I.OL
50°/o REFLECTION';
. (Y=0,5).
ZERO REFLECTION----tto~
(Y:O)
CONC~t4TRATION . ~ ...
(b) RESULTING VERTICAL CONCENTRATION PROFILES
FIGUP~ 2-7. Illustration of vertical concentration profiles for reflection coefficients of O, 0.5
and 1.0.
' ~r::-.:r:JJrr:=JIJ][':-JDnc-Jc::-::J[Tl ,.----;
'J
··.
; ;.
i
I
i ;
[
[
b
[·
[
[
[
c
r
L
[
[
c
c
E .
-
0-. ...
E
ti
b
L
{Vertical Term}
where
y-n..
v sn
-
-
-
co ti t 1 .(21Hm + H -(Vsnx/u{h}))j + y exp --. n 2 a
i•l. z
th mass; fraction of particulates in the n settling-
velocity category
reflection coefficient for particulates in the nth
settling-velocity category (set equal to unity for
complete·. reflection)
th settling velocity of particulates in the n set-
tling-velocity category
(2-40)
For convenience, oO is. defined to be utdty in Equation (2-40). The total
concentration is computed by the program by summing over the N settling-
velocity. cat~gories. The. optional. algorithm used to calculate dry deposi-
tion is discussed in Section 2.4.3.
Use of Equation (2-40) requires a knowledge of both the particu-
late si.ze distribution and the density of the particulates emitted by each
2-49
source. !he to.tal particulate emi.ssi.ons for each source are subdivided by
the user into a maximum of 20 categories aud the gravitational settling
velocity .is calculated for the mass-mean diameter of each c.at.egory. The
·,mass-mean d.iameter is given by
-(2-41)
where d 1 aud d 2 are the lower and upper bow:u!s of the particle-size cat-
egory •. McDonald (1960) gives simple techniques for calculat.ing the gravita-
tional.set.tling velocity for all sizes of particulat.es. For part.iculates
wi.th a density an the order· of 1 gram per cubic centimeter and diameters
less than about 80 micrometers, the settling velocity is given by
where
v ,.
s
V • settling velocity (em • sec-1) s
p • particle density (gm • cm-3)
g .. acceleration due to gravity (980 em • sec-2)
r • particle radius (em)
absolute viscosity of air (l.l ... 1. 83 x 1o-4 gm •
c::n-1 • sec-1)
(2-42)
It should be noted that. t.he set.t.ling velocity calculated using Equation
(2-42) must be converted by the user from centimeters per s.econd to meters
per second for use.iD. the model calculations.
2-50
[
6
[
n
[
[
c
C'
.
p
l:::i
tJ
L
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
c ..
c
[
The reflection coefficient y can be estimated for each par~icle-n
size category using Figure 2-8 and the settling velocity calculated for the
mass-mean diameter. If it is desired to include the effects of gravitational
settling in calculating ambient particulate concentrations while at the
same time excluding the effects of deposition, y should be set equal to n
unity for all settling velocities. On the other hand, if it is desired to
calculate maximum possible deposition., y should be set: equal to zero for n
all settling velocities. The effects of dry deposition for gaseous pollu-
tants may be estimated by setting the settling velocity· V9 n equal to. zero
and the reflection coefficient y equal to the amount of material assumed . n
to be reflected from the surface. For example, if 20 percent of a gaseous
pollutant that reaches the surface is assumed to be retained at the surface
by vegetation uptake or other mechanisms, y is equal to 0.8. n
The derivation of Equation. (2-40) assumes that the terrain is flat
or gently rolling. Consequently, the: gravitational settling and dry deposi-
tion options cannot: be used for'sources located in complex terrain without
v:Lolating mass continuity. However, the effects of gravitational settling
alone can be estimated for· sources located in complex terrain. by setting
Yn equal to unity for each settling· velocity category. This procedure will
tend to overestimate ground-level concentrations, especially at the longer
downwind distances, because it neglec.ts the effects of dry deposition.
It should be noted that Equation (2-40) assumes that crz is a
continuous fu~ction of downwind distance. Also, Equation (2-40) does not
simplify for cr /R greater than 1.6 as does Equation (2-37). As shown z m
by Table 2-8, cr for the very unstable A stability category attains a z
maximum value of 5,000 meters at 3.ll kilometers. Because Equation (2-40)
requires that cr ·. z be a continuous function of distance, the coefficients
a and b ·.given in Table 2-8 for A stability and the 0.51-to 3.11-
ld.lometer range are-· used by the ISC Model in calculations beyond 3 .ll
ld.lometers. Conse,:uently, this introduces uncertainties in the results
of the calculations beyond 3.ll kilometers for A stability.
2-51
.......
-------····---------.. " ...... , _____ _
--l·"
(,)
CD
Ul
e -.}
> ..... -u
0 _...J .·· LIJ >
C) z·.: ·.-_ -.-':·.-
...J ........ '.... ! ·.: ~-. ....
LIJ en" ..
0.4 1.0
REFLECTION COEFFICIENT Tn
F!GURE 2-8. Relationship between the gravitational settling velociry Vsn
and the reflection coefficient Yn suggested by Dumbauld,
ll !!.· (1976).
2-52
['
[=
·c
[_
r
L
[
[
D
[
tJ "
.
L
[
[
[
[
c
[
r
kj
n w~.·
D
~: u
L
2.4.2 Area, Volume and Line Source Emissions
2.4.2.1 General
The· area and volume sources options of the ISC Madel ar.e used
to simulate the effects of emissions: from a wide variety of industrial
sources. In general. the ISC area source model is used to simulate the ef-
fects of fug~tive emissions from sources such as storage p~es and slag
dumps. 'the ISC volume source model is useci to simulate the effects of
emissions from sources such as bu~ding roof monitors and line sources
(for example, conveyor belts and rail lines).
2.4.2.2 'tha Short-Tem Al:'ea. Source Medel
'the ISC area.source. model is based on the equation for a finite
crosswind. line. source.. Individual area sources are required to have the,
same north-south and.:· east-west dimensions.;· ·However, as shown by Figure
2-9' the effects of an area source with an irregular shape can. ba simulated
by dividing the area. source into multiple squares that approx±mate the
geometry of the area source. Note that the size of the individual area
sources in Figure 2-9 varies; the only requirement is that each area source
must be square. 'the ground-level concentration at downwind distance x
(measured from the downwind. edge of the area source) and crosswind distance
y is given by
-
(2-43)
{-z;' j2 -YJ} { ' · } .
+ erf \ {r a Y' l . Decay 'i arm
2-53
---·-··--·----·-·---------·-----·---------------·-·--------····----··--------·--------·--·-··---.... ·---------'
•I
•9
FIGURE 2-9. llepresentatiou of an irregularly shaped area source by 11
square area sources.
2-54
[
[
c
r;
.L
r-
[_ __ ....,
I'
L
[
t
c
[
b
·L
[
b
[
L
r
[
[
[
[
c
[
[ ... ,
•'
l
c
[
[
r. LJ
r
L1
[
where
X
0
x'
0.
-
..
area source emission rate (mass per unit area per
unit time)
length. of the side. of the area source (m)
effectivecrosswind width
aDd.. the Vertica~. term is given by Equatian (Z-37) or Equation (Z-40} with
th& effective emission-height R assigned by the user. In genera~, a
should. be set· equal.. to the physic~ height of the source of fugitive emis-
sions.. For example, the emission height R of a s~ag dump is the physical.
height. of the shg dump. A vertic~ virtual. distance, given by x
0
in
ki~ometers, is added to the ac~ dowawind distance x for the crz cal-
c~tions. If a. receptor is located within: xMZ p~us 100 meters of the
center of an area source, a warning message is printed and no concentrations
are. cal.culated for the. source-receptor combination. Rawever, program. execu-
tion. is not: terminated •.
· It. is recommended that·., if the. se-Pa~ation beeween an area· sou:ce
and a. receptor is less, than: tha, side-. of the' area source x
0
,. the area.
source be. subdivideci into smaller area: sources. I.f tha source-receptor
separation is less: tha.a: x0 ~ the, ISC: Mcd~ tends to overp:edict the area
source concentration. The degree of. overprediction. is a function of stab-
Uity, tha orientation. of the re~.'~ptor w~t:h respect:. to the area source
and the mean wind direction •. Rowever •. the degree_ of overpredict:ion c.ea:
the-area source rarely exceeds about 30 percent:.
2.4.2.3 the Short-T~ Vo~ume Source Mod~
._Equation (Z-12) is. also used to calculate ground-level concentra-
tions produced by volume-source emissions. If the volume source is e~evated,
the user assigns the. emission height a. The user also assigns initial
lateral (ay0 ) and vertical (az0 ) dim.enaioaa for the vo~um• source.
2-55
······---·····--····---· ·-----·--··-------·-·-------
.. •'.
Lateral · (x ) and vertical (x ) virtual distances are added to the y z
actual down~d distance x for the a
1
and· crz calculations. The
lateral virtual distance in kilometers is given by Equation (2-22).
Similarly, tl;le. vertical virtual-distance in kilometers is gi..,?en by
Equation (2-,23).
The volume source model is used to simulate the effects of emis-
sions from sources suCh as building roof monitors and line sources (for
example, conveyor belts and rail lines).· As with the area source model,
the north-south and east-west dilnensiotis' of each volUme source used in
the model must be the same. Table 2-10 summarizes the general procedures
suggested for· estimati.ilg. 'initial lateral··; (a ) and vertical (cr ) yo zo
dimensions for sii:tgle volume sources and for multiple volume sources used
to represent a line source. . !n the case of a long and narrow line source
such as a rail line, it may not be practical to divide the source into
N volume sources, where N is given by .the length c;>f the line source
divided by its width. The user can obtain an approximate representa-
tion of the line. source by placing a smaller number of volume sources at
equal interVals along the line source. 1:n general, the ·spacing between
. -... ~ . . .
individual volume sources should not be greater than twice the width
of the line source. However, a. larger spacing can be used if the ::atio
of the minimum source-receptor separation.and the spacing between individ-
ual volume sources is greater than about 3. In these cases, concentra-. . . .
tions at the nearest receptors may be underestimated by 10 to .15 percent.
At longer downwind distances, concentrations calculated using fewer than N
volume sour~es to represent the line source conve.::ge to the concentrations
calculated using N volume sources to represent the line source as long as
sufficient volume sources are used to preserve the horizontal geometry of
the line source.
Figure 2-10 illustrates representations of a curved line source
by multiple volume sources. Emissions from a line source or narrow
volume source represented by multiple volume sources are divided equally
2-56
'
'
[
r-,
~
'[
f '
I. '
r~
L,
[
[
[
[
r u
r· ;
~
c
L
t
u
L
[
[
! c
c·
[
[
c.
b
[
r G
c
c
H
c ..
L
B
c
L
TABLE 2-10
SUMMARY OF SUGGESTED PROCEDURES "FOR ESTIMATING
INITIAL. LATERAL DIMENSIONS (O'y 0 ) AND INITIAL
VERTICAL DIMENSIONS (O'z 0 ) FOR VOLUME
AND LINE. SOURCES
Type of Source Procedure for Obtaining
Initial Dimension
(a) Initial Lateral Dimensions (~yo)
Single Volume Source 0' • length of side divided by yo 4.3
Line Source Represented by Adj a-cr· -length of side divided by
cent Volume Sources. (see Figure yo 2.15
2-10(a))
Line Source Represented. by·Separ~ 0' -center to center distance
ated Volume. Sources (see Figure. yo divided by 2.15
2-10(b))
(b) InitiaL.Vertical·D±measions (crzo)
Surface-Based Source:· (H:::O} a . •·vertica~ dimension of source zo divided by 2.15 ..
Elevated Source (H>O.) on or Adja-cr • building height diviaed by
cent to a.Building zo 2..15
Elevated Source. (E>O) not on or 0' • vertical dimension of source
Adjacent. to a Building
... zo . .divided by 4. 3
2-57
-------------·--··-·----··
·----------·--· --------------
..
0: -w -,a-m
-~
• • • • • I 2 3 4 5
-w-
(a) .EXACT REPRESENTATION
t w
I t
0:. 2W ya=m
·-2W
• I -w-
..
• j
• • 2 3
•10
•9
•8
•7
::;
•5
•4
(b.) APPROXIMATE REPRESENTATION
-r
[
c
-r L
[
[
[
n
L
r L
[
E
.c.
[
E
.[
FIG'tl'R.E 2-10. Exact and c~.ppro:r.ima'te reprasenta1:iotUil of a line source by mul-r~
tiple volume sourcea. lJ
2-58
-----·-·-···
b
L
L
[
[
[ I
~
[
c
r
L
[
[
c
[
c
c
[
[
among the individual sources unless there is a known spatial va~i~tion in
emissions. Setting the initial lateral dimension cr yo equal to W /2. 15
in Figure 2-lO(a) or 2W/2.15 in Figure 2-10(b) results in overlapping
Gaussian distributions for the individual sources. If the wind direction
is normal to a straight line source that is represented by multiple volume
sources, the initial crosswind concentration distribution is uniform_
except at the edges of. the. line source. 'Ihe doubling of cr by the user . . yo
in the approximate: line-souree representation in Figure 2-lO(b) is
offset by the fact that the emission rates f·or: the individual volume
sources are also doubled by the user.
Thera are two types of volume sources: surface-based sources,
which may also be modeled as-area sources, and elevated sources. An
example of a surface-based source is. a surface rail line. The effective
emission height H for a. surface-based source is usually set equal to
zero.. An example of an elevated source is an elevated rail line with
an effective emission height .. H' · set eq~ to ·the height of the rail line.
2.4.-3 The·rsc: Short-Term Dry Deposition Model
2.4.3.1 General··, ....
The. Industrial'Sourc:e Comp1e:lt short.:.terin 'dry deposition model is
based on the Dumbauld, et 'al. (1976) deposition model. ·. The Dumbauld, ~ al.
model, which is an advanced version of the Cramer, ~ al. (1972) deposition
model, assumes that a user-speci:fi.ed'lfracti.c;n:, :-y · of the material that - -n
comes into contact with the ground surface by the combined processes of
atmospha'ric turbulence and'-gravi"tation'al·'se£illrig·is reflected from the
surface (see Section 2.4.1.2.c). The reflection coefficient Yn• which
is a function of settling_ velocity and the ground. surface for particulates
and of the ground surface for gaseous pollutants, is analogous in purpose
to the deposition velocity used in other deposition models. The Cramer,
~ al. (1972) deposition model has closely matched ground-level deposition
. --___ .. ______ ...... -----------.. -----~------------
patte:rus for droplets with diameters above about 30 micrometers, while
the more generalized Dumbauld~ ~~· (1976) deposition model has closely
matched observed deposition patteti:uf fo~ both .large and small droplets.
Section .2.4.1..2.c discusses the selection of the reflection
coefficient ."Y as well as the computation of the gravitational settling . n '
velocity V s~ ~ .·: The }~C :'d,ry d~pout~C).tL~.<i~l:-. sh~uid .not be applied to
sources located in c~mplex terrain •. Also, as noted in Section 2.4.1.2.c,
uncertainties in the deposition calculations are likely for the A stabil-
ity category if de~dsitio!l calculations are made at downwind distances
·~ ' : . -. -.• :_~ ·. -.. -.. :· . ..., ~~: . _. . . .
greater than 3 •. ll kilometers~-:c Deposi..tion. and ambient concentration cal-
culations c~t b~ .. uuid.e in a s~gle progr~, e:x:~cu~ion. In an individual
computer iun, the 1:SC Model calculates either concentration (including
the effects of gravitational settling and dry deposition) ~r dry deposi-
tion.
•·· -<:•c:.:.: · ! .. r..:D~~iit:f:~~·;i~r''~a~fi~uf~t~s ··in ~~:'· ·n th'• · s~ttli~g~elo~ity ·
-~ate~~ry. or.~-gas~~~~· ·p6illi~~-~-~th z~ro, ~~ttling velocity v and a
....... f<•:··. '·· ; _:_ .. ::.-~·::,;c:.··<;: .• ~ :;;:.:.. .. _, .... '. . . ,,-.... ·_ sn
reflection coefficient "'( is ·given by
•• ; ··-~·"' ~ ~-t., .. :n .... ·-< ... :r,..:· • ·, ')._.
DEP {x,.y.} n
{[ ba+ "::'_ ~;·~·~, x;U:h~ ~-[-_t( -v~•x/U{hln
+ t~i-l [b
1.==1 C (2iH -H) -(1 -b) V x/~{h}J m sn
(2-44)
(Equation (2-44) continued on following page)
2-60
.
[
b
h
'[
1.
[
b
[
[
[
·f ..
L
[J
n
r ·]
L
[
L
L
[
[
r,l_
~ .. -"
!
[,
['
!
['
"
[
r:
L
[
•'
[
[
[
'
F :.;
c.:
Jt
l;j
u
c ~
L
·-·
-
(Equation (2-44) continued)
(2-44)
The parameter ~ is: the: total amount of material emitted. during the time
period. t' for '<Jhich: the depositi011' calculation is made. For example., Qt'
is the: total amOUnt.: of' material. G.itted 'duriD.g: a: l-haur period if an hourly
deposition is' calculated~ For: time: periods· longer than an hour, the program.
sums· tha depcsitj;ou calculateci for. each hour to: obtain. the total.. deposition.
For convenience., oO is defined ta be: unity in Equation (2-44). The coeffi-
cient: S is the average valu.Et of. the exponent:. b . for the interval between
the· source· and the dowa:wind distance, x (see Tabla 2-8). In the case of a
volume·· source·, the· user muse specify· the effective emission height H and
the ini1:ial source dimel::lsion.S, (jyo ·and .az0 ..
2.4.3.3. Area Source Emissions
For area source. emissions,. the first line of Equation (2-44) is
changed. to the form
2-61
.... -~--------·--·····-•""'" -------------------------------·---------·--·
-------'------------------~---------------
-{ (x~/2 + y)
erf v! a
" y
(2-45)
The parameter QAT is the total mass 'DU unit area emitt.ed. over t.he time
period T for which deposition is calculated.
2.5 '!HE ISC LONG-TERM DlSPE'RSION MODEL EQUAXIONS
Z.S.l Stack Emissions
'Ihe lSC loug-ter=. concentration model m.a.kes the same basic assump-
tions as the sbort-tem model. .ln the loug-tem model, the area. surrounding
a continuous soilrce of pollutants is divided into sectors of equal angular
width corresponding ·to .the sectors of the seasonal and ·annual frequency dis-
tributions Of wind direction (see Figure 2~1). Seasonal or ax:mUa.l emissions
from ·ehe_ .source are pareitioned among the. secto::s according to the frequenc-
ies of wind blowing toward the sectors. The ground-level concentration
fields calculated for each sourc.e are translated to a com:mon coordinate sys-
tem (either polar or Careesian as specified by the user) and summed to
obtain the total due to all sources.
For a single stack, the mean seasonal c.ancen:ra.tion at a point
(r > 100 m, 9) with respect to the stack is given by
2-62
r;
r-_
i":
L
[
L
L
L
[
[
r,
L
[
[
[ •..
[ :~
-.~ ..
L
c .
c ~
'
c
c
0
L
L
where
--
Q -pollutant: euaissiou rate (mass per unit time) , i,k,~ for· the ith. wind-speed category, kth stab-
A.6'
s{e}
v .
i,k,J.
ility category and tth season
th ., . freqwmcy of ocr:w:"rence of the 1 wind-
speed cat ego~, j th wind-direction cate-
go~ and kth stability category for the
tth saalion.
. "
..
the. sector width in ,radians . . -. . ' .. ; ; : .,
a ~othing funcd.cni similar to that of the
· AQDM' (see Section 2..S-.l.l) ·
mean wind speed (m/sec) at stack height h
for the 1.th wind-speed category and kth
'st:abiUt:)P clifegt:iry ·: ·.· ::::
•· · · the Vertical Term for the · 1 th wind-speed
category. kth stability category and 1th
season ~-/ :-l t :-:. • 1, \ • i
"' : .. ,. I -; \ ~ } I
.. the :~ecay coefficient .~sec-1 )
The mean annual concentration at the point (r ,_ 6) is calculated from
the seasonal concentrations using the· expression
2-63
(2-45)
:·."
------·-----------·-·--·---·----·--·
.. 4 .
E-.:xtfr,e}
f.ial1 :.: · .
. . ,:., . ·;·
(2-4 7)
The terms-in Equation.-(2-46) correspond. to the terms discussed in
Section 2.4.1 forthe 'short.,.terui ~del excep.t that the i subscript refers
to wind-speed categories:. the j~· ~~ subscrlpt refers" tG· wind-direction ca te-
gories,. the k · subscript refers· to:.,stab-illty ~categories,. and the R. sub-
script· re.fers to the season:;;,• 'The va-rious terms-· are briefly discussed in the
following~ subsections. In addi.tion:·eo stack emissions, the ISC long:-term
concent:ra.tion mOdel <con~idenr e~ssi.ons-. ffonf: area and cvolume souree.s. These
model options. are aiscu.Sseli in Sec.tlioil' 2rS~'-Z;;·-··'Tbe ·o:peiotta1· algorithms for
calculating dty deposition are discussed in Section 2.5.3.
'•.·
2. S;.l.·l-0:: The:: Dispersion Coefficients
a-. · Point S'ource··D'ispe.t'sion COeffieie.nts~·c· See Section 2.4.l.l.a -
for a disc:Ussion -of· the.· proeedures· U:Sed ·to calcula-te· the standard deviation
of the vertical <:.oncettttat:Lon dis-trlbutiou: a·. for point sources. (sources z
without initial dimensions).. -'1 ~--,~.,.
. · b.. Downwind and Crl:>ss't.r:t:ttcf Di~tances·. · See the discussion given
in Sec:tion 2.4.l.l.b.
''! • ... -.~ :
c. Vertical Virtual· Distanc£es. · See Section 2. 4.l.l.c for a dis-
cussion of the procedures used to calculate vertical virtual dis~ances. The
~ ~.
lateral virtual distance. is given by
\ ~;~~ .. " ·~ -r cot (~S' /2)
0
. ~-.. . .. '
(2-48)
where r
0
is the effective source radius. For volume sources (see Sec-
tion 2.5 .. 2), the program sets ...
0
equal to 2.15
2-64
cryo• where cr yo is
·n --
r·,
-~
[
[
... [
c
[
E
c
c '
b
·D
u
b
L
L
c
[~
--~1
[
[
c
,~
L
L '
,.
.. ..
E .. .:,..;.
-~··
c
c
E
D· "
L
b
L
L
the initial lateral dimension. For area sources (see Section 2.5. 2) , the
program sets r equal to x /h Where x is the side of the area source.
0 . 0 . 0
For plumas affected by building wakes (see Section 2.4.l.l.d), the program
sets r equal to 2.15 a' where a'. ·is given for squat buildings by
0 . y . y
Equation (2-29), (2-31 ). or (2.-33) for downwind distances between 3 and 10
building heights· and for tall buildings by. Equation (2-35) for downwind
distances between. 3 and: 10 building· widths... At downwind distances greater
than 10 building heights for Equation· (2~29), ~2-31) or (Z-33) ~ a; is
held constant at the value of a•· calculated at a downwind distance of 10 y
building heights. Similarly, .. at: downwind distances greater than 10
building widths for Equation. (Z-35), a'. is-held constant at the value . y . .
of a~ calculated at a downwind. distance of 10 building widths.
d. Procedures Used to Account for the Effects of Building Wakes
on Effluent Dispersion... With the exception of the equations used to cal-
culate the lateral. virtual. .s:listai:uie, the procedures used: to account for·
the effects of building wake effects on: effluent dispersion are the same
as those .outlined: in: SeC.t.ion. 2'•4~l.!.d fo'r the. short-term model. 'Ihe cal-
culation of lateral v.ir1:'wU. distal1ces by the. long-term tnOdel is discussed
in. Section Z. S .1. l. c. above-.
Z..S.l.l-· 'Ihe Vertical.. Term
a. The Ver-tical Term for Gases and Small Particulates. The
Vertical Term for gases a.;ui small particulates is given by
v i,k,..t • (2-49)
(Equation (2.-49) continued on following page.)
_._:_, .:·~ ..
•.
(Equation 2-48) continued .• )
~ (
2nH -_ t m;i,~,R.
· z;k
(2-49)
Except for the use of subscripts to indicate wind-speed and stability cate-
gories and season, the parameters in Equation (2-49) correspond to thos·e
discussed in Section 2.4.1.2. As shown by-Equation (2-49), the user may
assign a sep~rate mixing heigh~ Hm . to each combination of wind-speed and
stability categories for each season.
As with the short-term model, the Vertical Term given by Equatl.on
(2-48) is changed to the form
v . .
.1.,k,.2. -·
.rz;· a_ ·.k.
z·;
2H · m;.i,.k,.2.
at downwind dis.tances where the a . Ja . i k ·n ratio is greater than or z, m, , ,~
equal to 1.6. Additionally, the ground-level concentration is set equal
to zero ·if the effective stack height H exceeds the mixing height H . m
As explained. in Section 2.2.L2, ISCLI in the Rural Mode currently sets
(2-50)
· the mixing h-eight equal to infinity for the E and F stability categories.
b. The Vertical Term in Complex Terrain. See Section
2.4.1. 2 .• b.
c. The Vertical Term for Large Particulates. Section
2.4.1.2.c discusses the differences in the dispersion of· large particulates
and the dispersion of gases and small particulates. The Vertical Term for
large particul~tes is given by
-· -·
2-66
[
[
[ .
[
r·
L
[
[
c
r:
b
L u
L
[
[
[
L
[
c
[
[
[
0
[
c
6
[
vi,k,.t .. <P i~co t · t. 1 (2a& .. k .., -H., .k n + V .r/li{h})j n a m~ J., ,,;(, .1., ,,;(, sn . 2 Yn exp -2 a
a= . z;k
(2,;_51)
t l .(2aH •i k n + H1 k n -V. r/u. k{h})j ---m, ! ,.;c, ? z..V sn ~z
2 Gz;k .
where q,n i.s the mass. .fraction of particulates
0
with settling velocity V sn,
yn is the surface refl.ection coe££icient and. 0 is de.fined as unity. See
Section 2.4.1.2.c.for a. discussion of the parameters in Equation (2-51) and
guidance on. the use of' this model. option.
2.5.1.3 The. Smoothing Function
As shown by Equation (2-46), the rectangular concentration distrib-
ution within a given a:a.gular sector is m.odified by _the function s{e} which
sm.oothes_discontinuities in the c~centration at the boundaries of adjacent
sectors. ·. 'Ihe centerline concentration in each sector is unaffected by con-
tributions.from adjacent sectors. At points off the sector centerline, the
concentration is a weighted function. of the concentration at the centerline
and.the concentration at the centerline of the nearest adjoining sector.
·. The smoothing function is given by
.. ; .
... 2-67
where
9' j
er
~ !:.9'
S{9} •
0
• the angle measured in radians from north to the
centerline of the j th wind-direction sector
... the angle measured in radians from north to the
point (r,e)
2.5.2 .<\rea 2 Volume and Line Source Emissions
2.5.2.1 General
(2-52)
As explained·= in· Section.·2.4.2.1·~ the ISC Model area and. volume
sources are. used. to simulate the effects·: of emissions from a wid.e variety
of industrial sources.. Section 2.4.2.2 provides guidance on the use of
the· area source model and. Section 2.4.2.3 provides guidance on the use of
the. volume: source. model. ':the volume. source model. is also used to simulate
line sources. The foll..owing subsections' ·gi:ve· the: area and volume source
equations used by the long-term model.
2.5.2.2 'I'he Long-Term Area Source Model
'I'he seasonal average ground-level concentration at the point. (r.e)
with :respect to the center of an area source is given by the expression
(2-53)
(!qW!tion (2-53) continued on following page.)
2-68
[
[
[
[
[
c
c
c
h u
c
l
t
l
G r
I
t
[
' [~
[
c
[
c
c.
c
L
---·----------------------------_________________________ ..:_ ___ , ____ ...;_ __ ,,_ ----------
(Equation (2-53) continued.)
where
R •
-
radial dista.uce from the lateral virtual point source
to the receptor
( 2 . 2)1/2 \(r' + xy) + y
r' • . distance from source center to receptor, 111ea.sured
·along the plume axis
r • effective source radius • XolfiT
0
y • .lateral dista.t1ce from the cloud axis to the receptor
• lateral virtual distance (see Equation (2-48))
'Ihe Vertica.l 'J:erm ·v. k 11 for gaseous pollut"a.tlts and small particulates
J., t.N
is given by Equation (2-49) or Equation (2-50) with the emission height H
defined by the user. If the user selects the gravitational settling and
dry deposition option, th~ Vertical Term is given by Equation. (2-51).
2.5.2.3 The Long-'J:erm Volume Source Model
Equation (2-46) is also used to calculate seasonal average ground-
level concentrations for volume sources. !he user must assign initial lateral
(cy0 ) and vertical (az0 ) dimensions and the effective emission height H.
A discussion of the application of the volume .. source model is given in Sec-
tion 2.4.2.3.
2-69
2.5.3 The ISC Long-Ter.m Dry Depos~tion Model
2.5.3.1 General
The concepts upon which the ISC long-term dry deposition model
are based are discussed ill Sections 2.4.1.2.c and 2.4.3.1.
2.5.3.2 Stack and Volume Source Emissions
The seasonal deposition at the point (r,S) with respect to the
base of a stack or the center of a. volume source for particulates in the nth
settlins-velocity category or a gaseous pollutant with zero settling. velocity
V and a reflection coefficient y is given by sn.. n
DEP R.,.n {r,e}
(2-54')
f2aH -H ) \ m;i,k,i i,k,i
(Equation (2-54) continued on folloYir~ page.)
2-70
[
[
r L
[
[
c
c
L
0
L
L
[.,.
J ,.
' I
[I
L
[
c
r~
L
Lj
[
c
[
E
L
...
..... -..... "··--~··-"--'---·--+ ----------------,. -·------·--·-----
(Equa:ion (2-54) continued.)
t 1
(
2aB •i lc. II -Jli lc. 11 + v r/u1 lc.{h})~ - -m, ! aN z ,N SD !
2 az;k ·.
exp
(2-54)
+ ya [bk (2aB.m;i,k,R. + ai,k,R.) + (1-blc.) vsnr/ui,k{h}J
where ~;i,k,R. is the product: of the total time during the R. th season
. . . . . ·. . 1:h
and the seasonal emission rate Q1 k R. for the. i wind-speed category
th . ' ,
and k stability category~ For example, if the emission rate is in
grams per second and there are 92 days in the summer season (June, July
. 6
and August), ~;i,k,R.•J is given by . 7.95xl0 ~,lc.,R.•r It should be
noted that the user need not vary the emission rate by season or by wind
speed and stability. If an annual average emission rate is assumed, ~
is equal to 3.15Xl07 Q for a .365-day year. For convenience, o0 is
defined as unity in Equation (2-54). For a plume comprised of N settling
velocity categories, 1:he total seasonal deposition is obtained by slllllll1ing
Equation (2-54) over the N settling-velocity categories. The program also
sums the seasonal deposition values to obtain the annual deposition.
2.5.3 • .3 Area Source.Emissions
With slight modifications, Equation (2-54) is applied to area
source emissions. The user assigns the effective emission height 1l and
2-71
the first line of Equation (2-54) is changed to
where
DEP n (r ,9} x..,n
K {I .:. ·r~)¢n · x~
{2rr &2 AS'
. 'tQ f 2: · AT;i,~,i i,:l,k,.Q.
. j k z;k
l. t '
..
s(el .. "J
q·:. · ·· ·.·-.... ·. '"··-· the product: of the. total. time during the
A:r;. i,k,.2. .:.· .. :·./. .2.th season and the eniission rate per unit
arfi4 for the 1th wind-speed category-and
k.t s.tabUity cateio:ry
2. 6 EXAMPt.t· PROBLEM
2.6.1. . Description of a Hypothetical Potash Processing Plant
.. ,~·-···~· .... ~.~-~ . ·-·· .. ,. . .,.
(2-55)
Figure-Z:-11 (a) shows. the plant. layout and Figure 2-ll (b) shows a side
view o:f' a hypot~e·tical potash proceSsing plant. Sylvinite ore is brought
to the 'surface ·fr~: an· underground llline by a hoist anci dumped on the ore
storage, pUe •. The.,_ore then travels along an inclined conveyor belt to the .. ..-;· /
ore. processing; buil,!ling where:. the ore is. crushed and screened. Fugitive
particulate emissions resulting from the. crushing and' screening processes
are discharged, horizontally at ambient· temperature from a roof monitor
extending the length of the· ore processing building... The ore. is ~~-en •·
refined· .by froth fldtation and sent to the dryers. 1 Particulate emissions
produced by· the dryntg process are discharged from a so-meter stack, located
adjacent to t~a:ore: processing building, which has a height of 2.5 meters.
,!''·.
'.2.6.2 Example ISCST Problem
Table 2-ll gives .. tile_ emissions data for the hypothetical potash
processing plant shown in Figure 2-ll. The sylvinite mine and hoist are
assumed to operate during the period 0800 to 1600 LST. Fugitive emissions
2-72
----·--·--·----·----·· ----· ........ ._. ______ _
[
[
h
'[
[
I -
r -·
[
r L
[
[
c
C
,. E
-·C
[
b
c
L
N
I ._...
w
ORE PROCESSING BUILDING
I'-90m •1
' CONVEYOR BELT 50 m
,_,-_-_-:_-_-_-_96-:-"m~--:---__ .;..._ _-;..1-.:.:.RO.:_O~F_:_M_:_O.:.:.N~IT_:.O.:.:.R_Jjm I ORE PILE
STACK
(o) PLANT LAYOUt
0 50 lOOm
STACK f
(b) SIDE VIEW OF PLANT
FIGURE 2-11. Plant layout and side view of a hypothetical potash processing plant.
\
I
I·
i
I
i
I
i
!
I
I
/
Source,
EMISSIONS DATA FOR A HYPOTim'XICAL
POTASH PROCESSING PtA.~
Source
Ore Conveyor· Roo£
Pile: Belt. Monitor
Particulate emissi.on rate (g/sec) 353.4'/t: 1.3' 10.5
EmisS'ion: height. (m:) - --
E.xi.t. velocity (m/sec) -' - -
Oiame.ter. (m) -' ---
~t temperature (OJ:tl -' --
. l-f'.ai.n
Stack
5
50
8
l.O
340 .
*Emis,sion rate during the period. 0800 to 1600 LST.. The emission rate dur-
ing the period. 1600( eo. 0800 LST: is 70.7 grams per second.
TABLE 2-lZ
PAR'.ttctE~SIZE D.IS't:R.Im.ITION, GBAVITAnONAI., SE'ITI.ING· vm:.OCITIES
AND: STJ'UACE. REFLECTION: COEFFICIENTS FOR PARTICULATE
EMISSIONS noM, 'IBE. ORE PiliE. AND CONVEYOP. BELT
Particle Mass Mean.. Mass Fraction Settling, Reflection
Sue Category Diameter <Pn
Velocity· Coefficient
(\.1) CJJ)' VSU, (m/sec) Yn.
o-10 6.3Q. 0:.10, 0.001 1.00
10-20 15.54 0.40: 0.007 0.82
20 -30: 2.5.33, 0.28 0.019 0.72
30-40 3.S. 24 . 0.12 0.037 0.6.S
~
40 -so 4.S.lS 0.06 0.061 0.59
50 -65 17.82 0.04 0.099 o.:so
·-
2-i4
[
b
··r· ~>
[
r L
[
[
c
6
L
[!
[:
r:i
f\.
L¥.~:
L ..
[
[
c
r
L
[
[
c
[
E
d~
c
fj
u
[
--------·---·-·-----------·-·-····-
from ~he ore pile during ~he period 0800 eo 1600 LST are higher ehan during
ehe period 1600 ~o 0800 LST because the hoist is contitluously dumpiug
sylvini~e ore oneo ehe ore pile. A significant fraceion of ~be fugitive
emissions from the ore pile and the conveyor belt consists of large partic-
ulates. !he particle-size distribution, gravitational settling velocities-
and surface reflection coefficients for particulate emissions from the ore
pile and conveyor belt are given in Table 2-12. The se~tling velocities in
Table 2-12 were calculated using Equations (2-41) and (2-42) with the par-
eiculate density assumed to be 1 gram per cubic centimeter; the reflection
coefficients were obtained from Figure 2-8. The remainder of the particu-
late ~ssions from the hypothetical plant are assumed to be submicron
particulates so that the .effects of gravitational settling and dry depos-
ition tleed not be included in the model calculations. The purpose of this
ex~ple problem is to use ISCST to calculate 24-bour average particulate
concentrations produced by emissions from the hypothetical potash plant.
Additionally. estimates of the dry deposition of fugitive emissions from
the ore pile and the conveyor belt are required for each 24-hour period.
!he ore pile is modeled as an area source with the effective
side x of the circular storage pile given by
0
-D (2-56)
where D is the diameter of the base of the storage pile. The emission
height R is set equal to the height of the ore pile (10 meters). The
emission rate in grams per second is divided by the horizontal area of the
storage pile (706.9 square meters) to obtain the area source emission rate
in grams per second per square meter.
The conveyor belt is 10 meters wide and 100 meters long and is
inclined at an angle of 10 degrees. Thus, the conveyor belt is modeled as
ten 10-meter square volume sources. The initial lateral dimension of each
source is obtained by dividing the width (10 me~ers) by 2.15. The initial
2-75
.......
vertica~ dimension azo is. arbitrarily set equal to 1 meter to account for
the: effects of local plant r~ughnass elements.. The emission height H~ ....
for the ith sou.;:c:.e. is giyen by·
where
..
-
R i .: ....
._, ..,.:_;.., "-.. ~-"'"·'·''' ... ,.,, . . ,_ ... th
the effective emission height for the i volume
source
the length, measured from the begil:m;ng of the con-
veyor belt, to. the center of the · 1th volume source
the aug~a ()f inc:lin.ation (10 degreas)
(2-57)
The-volume·S0'!1%'Ce.model,.is:_ldso l,lSed.to mo_del. the 9Q-meter 'by 20-. . .
meter. roof .m,nitor. _·The:; roof-. inonit1Jr: is: ap~o:rlmatad by· four 20-meter.
square. volume sourc:as with· the. centers of the volume. sources spaced at
23. 3~meter i.D.tervals·. , The.d.nitial. lateral dime:nsiou. a of each of the ·--· . . .... ·. . .. . . .. yo
four~ volume .. source.s is; obtaiJ:lad by dividing 23.3 meters by 2.15. Because
the: .opening of the roof-mouitors extends from 20 to 25 meters above plant . ' . ,. . . ~ .
gr~~e,. J:he emis~i~n .height li ;a _set eq~al to 22.5 meters. In order to
account_ .~or ~he, .. t'!:ffe~_ts:. ~;_,the .. ~4\ll:O.~c:..w~k.e. of · th!ll-proc;essiug building
on the: initial dispersion of em¥sious from tJ;le roof monitor' the. initial
vertical dimension a is obtained· by dividing· the building height (25 zo
.· meters) by ~~ 15.
.~n. s.!'mo/a,ry;_.~ ti;E! .. e~;.~~t~: p_; emissiQU$ · frotQ. the hypothetical potash
processing plant sl:low:n in Figure 2:-11 cau be simulated by 16. sources. A
single area sou;c::.e r.epresents the. ore pile,. ten. volume sources simulate
• -• . ;, . .·;. . •. . ' • .. •. . ·.• . . ·* ·-. ~
the inclined co~veyor belt, four volume. sources represent the roof monitor,
and there is one. stack. . It should be noted that the stack height to build-
. 2-76
----·--. ----·" .. --~-----·-· -· __ ___, __ _
[
r·
[
[
[
c
[
fj
[J
c
L
L
[
c
[
[
[
c
c
c
c
r' Li
o
,--~----· ---···-~--·-.... ······---~----------------------------~--__________ , ________ ---·---------------
ing height ratio is less than 2.5 so that the ISC Model procedures for
evaluating wake effects are applied to the stack. ,emissions. The emis-
sions data for the hypothetical plant given in Table 2-11 are converted to
the form required for input to ISCST in Tables 2-13 and 2-14. The infor-
mation given in Table 2-12 is also required for· the ore pile and the conveyor
belt. Because the plant is located in open terrain, all source elevations
are set equal to zero. The · X and Y coordinates assume that the origin
of the coordinate system is located at the center of the ore pile. Source
combinations that are of interest in analyzing the results of the calcula-
tions are as follows:
• Source ~ Ore Pile
·• Sources 2"':'ll -Conveyor Belt
• Sources 12-12 -Roof Monitor
• Source 16 --Stack.
• Sources .1-16 -·Plant as. a Whole
Example IS CST runs that use the .inputs· given tn Tables 2-12 through 2-14
and the receptor grid shown in Figure 2-3 ;to calculate concentrations and
deposition are given in Appendix C. The hypothetical potash plant is
assumed to be located in a rural area. Also, the plant does not contain
large surface roughness elements or heat sources. Consequently, the Rural
MOde is used in the ISCST .calculations.
2.6.3 Example ISCLT Problem
The purpose of this example problem is-to use ISCLT to calculate,
for the receptor grid shown in Figure 2-3, annual average ground-level par-
ticulate concentrations produced by emissions from the hypothetical potash
processing plant shown in Figure 2-11 as well as the annual deposition pro-
duced by fugitive emissions from the ore pile and conveyor belt. Annual
2-77
i
·I
I
I
. . I
.. ·
Sou~c• Source X y z ........ ~ Type* (a) (•) (a)
• 2 •IJ.S -IU 0
~ 1 20 0 9
l I lO 0 0
4 • 40 0 0
5 4 41 0 0
6 I n 0 0
1 I 69 0 0
8 I 79 0 0
9 • 89 0 ()
10 I !1111 0 0
u J 109 0 0
n t 121 0 0 .. • 144 0 0
14 I 167 0 0
15 I l!IO 0 0
16*~ 0 201 JO 0
l ' ';
(j ;•
TABL~ 2-ll
EMISSIONS IWV~NTORY IN FO~ FOR INPUT
TO TP~ ISC DISPERSION MODEL
V8 <•l•e~) -Type 0
b a (a) -: Type l ~ (•) -Type 0 'fa (OJ)
(•) yo . . o (m) -Tjpa l Type 0 x0 (11) ~ Type 2 J.:O
IO.Q :l6.~ ----
o.tt ~.7 1.0 --
~·~ ~.l •• o --
4.3 ; .. ., a.o --
6.J ·~l 1.0 --
., ... ~.1 a.o --
9.~ ··~ a.o --
11.3 4•7 1.0 -
u.o 4~1 a,o --
14,0 4·1 a.o --
16.5 4.1 1.0 --
22.5 10.8 ll.f,i --
22.5 ao.a 11.6 --
22.5 '10.8 U.6 -
22.5 10.8 U.6 --. •·
50.0 a.o. 1.0 l40 .
U., (a)
T~Pll 0
--
--
--
---
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-
--
25
*Source Type 0 • Stack, Source Type 1 • Volume and Source Type 2 • Area.
iUBuUdinQ width 1a 50 meters and buildlng length is 90 meters (see Figure 2-11) •
r------'1 l )
q (./aac) -Type¥ 0 • l
J/(~~c • Ill} -Type ~
5.00 " 10-1
J,)O ll 10-l
•• 30 ll 10-l
J,)O x 10-1
-1 1.30 ll 10
l.lo , 10 -I
-1 1.30 ll 10
1.30 ll to-•
-I l.lO ll 10
J.~o ll to-1
J.lO x 10-l
;!.61
2.61
2.6l
;!.6l
5.00
[
[
[
[
[
c
[
[
n u
[···~
o.J
e
IJ '
~--
u
[
J
/
:Sour (LST)
0100
0200
0300
0400·
0500 •..
0600
0100.
0800
0900.
1000
1100 ..
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900 .
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
TABLE 2-14
PARTICULATE EMISSION RATES
FOR THE ORE PILE
Eml.ssion Rate
QA (g/ (see -m2))
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1 . . ·-0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
.. 0.5
I . 0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Total :Sourly
Emission
Q * (gfm2) AT
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,800
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
*The a:mount of material emitted during each hour is required £or the depos-
ition . calculations. ·
2-79
-···--····-··· ··-··--······ .. ···---·-··----·-----...... .
concentration and deposition estimates are also required for an air quality
mcni.torlng station located 2,108 meters from the center of the ore pile at
a bearing of 014 degrees. With the· exception of emissions from the ore
pile and the conveyor belt, the emissions data for the plant are assumed to
be identical to the data. giveu in. Tab~es 2-13-an.d 2.-:-14. Fugitive em.iss.ion
rates for the ore pile an.d conveyor belt are· given in Table 2-15 as func-
tions of the wind-speed an.d Pasqu.ill stability categories. The correspond-
ing annual particulate emissions required for the annual deposition calcu-
lations are given in Table 2-16. Example ISCLT runs that calculate annual
average concentration an.d total annual deposition values for this problem
are presented in Appendix D.
.,
2-80
.·.
[
[
I''
~
[
[
[
[
c
L
B <
u ..
0
[
l :
[
c
[
c
[
c
c
c
6
D
D
D
b
L
___ .,. _________ ... _...,, ___ ·--·----~----~ .. -.. ---------~---·---·-~
. TABLE 2-15
P .ARTICtlLA.J.""E EMISSION RATES FOR TEE ORE Pn.E AND CONVEYOR
BELl' AS FU'NC'l'IONS OF WIND SPEED
AND S'l'.A:BILI'l'Y
Pasquill Emission Rate for Wind Speeds (m/sec.) of
Stabili.r.y
Category Q-1.5 l. 6-3.1 3.2-5.1 5.2-8.2 8.'3-10.8
(a) Ore Pile QA•i k(g/(sa.c.m2))
A 0.40 0.50 ---
B 0.30 0.40 0.50 --
c 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.70
D . 0.10 0.25 o.so 0.50 0.70
E -0.20 0.25 --
F o.os 0.10 ---
(b) Ind.ividua.l Volume Sources..~ k '.g/ s.e.c} Us.ed to ~epresent the
Convevor Belt '
A 0.13 0.16 •, ·---
B 0.10 0.13 0.16 ·--
c 0.08. 0~12 '0.14 .. 0.16 0.19
D 0.04 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.19
E ·-0.08 0.10 ·---
F 0.02 o.os -·-·-
2-81
>10.8
--
1.00
1.00
---
-
--
0.22
0.22
--
j
. !
I
I.
Pas quill
Stability
Category
A
B
c
()
E
f
1'A~~E 2-16
ANNUAL fARTlCULATE EMHJSIO.~S FO~ TltE O~E JJILE ~D COliVJ;:YOR Ql!J.f' AS
FUNCTlO"S Pf WI~ ~fEED AND $lABlLlT¥
Annual Emi~siops fof Wind Spe~ds (JD/sec) of
0:-1.5 1.6-l, 1 3.2-5 .• ~ 5.2-8.2 8.3-10~8.
(a) Ore Pil~ QAti,lc:
1,26 X 107 J,58 X 107' ------
$.46 X 1Q6 l.26 ~ to7 1 ~-sa ~ 10 7 ----
Q.31 K 106 9.4~ ~ 10~ 1,2() l.' 107 1.58 x ~o7 3.2J ¥ 1Q7
3.15 X 107 7.88 X J09 1,26 ~ 1Q7 !,58, X 107 2!?1 ~ 1()7
--6.31 ~ JOQ ~.46 ~ 106 ----
1.58 x 106 3.15 X 106 ------
(b} lndividual Volume so~fces q;~f.lc: (g) Us.ed t:o Represen~ the ~onveyor ~el~
106 106 .
A 4.10 X 5.05 x ------
B 3.15 K 106 4.10 X 106 5.()5 X 106 ----
c 2.52 K 1()6 3.78 x w6 4.42 X 1()2 5.05 X 106 5.99 X 106
D 1.26 X 106 3.15 X 106 4.10 X 106 5,05 X 106 5.99 x 106
E --2.52 X 106 3.15 X 106 ----
F 6.31 X lOS 1.58 X 106 ------
..
>10.8
--
--
3.15 X 101
3.15 X 107
--
--
--
--
6.94 X 106
6.94 X 106
--
--
*QAT;J,k (g/m2 ) "'QA;i.k(g/(sec•m2 )) x (3600 sec/hr) x (24 hr/day) x 065 d;:ty/yr) ;;; 3,1536 x 10 7 QA;i,k
7 **Similarly.· QT·i k(g) "" 3.1536 x 10 Q1 k (g/sec) ·
• • •
.
crc-J L. L1 .~
[
[
b
[·
[
r·
[
[
E
c
L:
6
U-
C
u
L
3.1
SECTION 3
USER'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ISC: SHORT-TERM
(ISCST) MODEL PROGRAM
SlJMMAB.Y OF PROGRAM OPTIONS, DATA REQUIREMENTS AND OUTPUT
3.1.1 Summary of ISCST Program Opti.ons
The program options of the ISC Dispersion Model short-term
computer program (ISCST) consist o£ three. general categories:
• MeteorologicaLdata input opti.ons
·-
Dispersion model options
Output opti.ons
Each category is discussed. separately below.
a. Meteorological Data Input Options. Table 3-1 lists the
meteorological-data:. input options for-th& ISCS'.t computer· program. Hourly
meteorological datama:y be input by card deck: or by means of the prepro-
cessed meteorological aata.tape (see Appendix G). If available, site-
specific wind-profile exponents and vertical potential temperature
gradients may be input for each stability category or for each combina-
tion of wind-speed and stability categories.. The Rural Mode, Urban Mode
1 or Urban Mode 2 (see Secti.on 2 .. 2.1.1)-maybe selected by the user.
Source-specific entrainment coeffici.ents-may also be used in the plume-
rise calculations (see Section 2.3). ··Also~: the user may direct the pro-
gram to calculate plume rise as-a. function of downwind distance or to
assume that the final. plume rise applies at all downwind distances. If the
wind system measurement. height di.ffers from 10 meters, the actual mea-
surement height should be entered.
3-1
-<-·-----··-------------------------------·------·------------·--····
TABLE 3-1
METEOROLOGICAL DATA INPUT
OPTIONS FOR ISCST
Input of hourly data by preprocessed data tape or card deck
Site-specific wind-profile exponents
Site-specific vertical potential temperature gradients
Rural. Mode or Urban Mode 1 or 2
Entrainment coefficients other than the Briggs (1975) coefficients
Final or distance dependent plume rise
Wind system measurement height other than 10 meters
TABLE 3-2
DISPERSION-MODEL OPTIONS FOR ISCST
_ .... Cone,~tration or dry cle~osition. calculations .
Inclusion 1)£ effects of gravitational settling and/or dry deposition
in conc_entration calculations
Inclusion of terrain effects (concentration calculations only)
Cartesian or polar receptor system
Discrete receptors (Cartesian or polar system)
Stack~ volume and area sources
Pollutant emission rates held constant or varied by hour of the day,
by season or month, by hour of the day and season, or by wind speed
and stability
Time-dependent exponential decay of pollutants
Inclusion of building wake and stack-tip downwash effects
Time periods for which concentration or deposition calculations are
to be made ( 1, 2 ,. 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours and N days are possible,
where N is the total number of days considered)
Specific days and/or time periods within a day for which concentra-
tion or deposition calculations are to be made
3-2
_________ .. , ... _ .... , ........ -.. ·---·---.... ----
------c
[
[
[
n L
[J
[
c u
D
L
[
c
[
[
c
G
[
l
! ::::jil
u
lj
u
[
...... ~~ ..
. ·,.t..-. .. L-.
b. Dispersion Model Options •. Table 3-2 lists the dispersion
model options for. the ISCST computer program. The user may elect to
make either concentration or dry deposition calculations. In the case
of concentration calculations, the effects of gravitational settling
and/or dry deposition may be included in the calculations for areas of
open terrain.-Terrain: effects may be included in the model calculations
if the maximum: terrain elevation does not exceed the minimum stack top
elevation •. In general, the gravitational settling and dry deposition
options should not· be used iil. complex. terrain (see Sections 2.4.1.2.c
and 2.4.3). The user may select either a Cartesian or a polar receptor
system and may also input· discrete receptor points with either system.
ISCST calculates concentration or deposition valueB for stack, volume
and area source emissions. The volume: source option is also used to
simUlate line. sources-·(see: Section 2. 4. 2. 3) • Pollutant emission rates
may be hel~ constant or varied by hour of the day, by season or month,
by hour of the day and. season, _or by wind speed and stability. The
effects of· d.m.e.-dependent: e.XpoD.eritia! decay of a pollutant as a result
of chemical trari.sformation or other removal. processes may also be included
in the model:· cal.cula.tions·.(see. Section. 2';..4-.~) •.. 'If' a stack is located on
or adjacent to a bui.l.cling,. the-user·must input: the buiJ.ding· d:imeDsions
(length, width and height) in order for the program to consider the
affects of the building's aerodynamic wake on plume. dispersion. The
user must select the time periods over whicll concentration is to be
averaged or deposition is to be summed~ The user must also select the
specific days and/ or t±ne periods within specific days for· which concen-
tration or· deposition calculations are to be made. For example, the
user may ~h to calculate 3-hour average. concentrations for the third
3-hour period on Day 118;.
c. Output Options.· Table 3-3 lists the tSCST program output
options. A more detailed discussion of the ISCST output information is
given in Section 3.1. 3.
3-3
·-----------------··"··---------------------------------------------------------···-..... .
TABLE 3""!3
ISCST OUTPUT OPTIONS
.. R.esul ts of the . calculations stored on . magnetic tape
Printout of p.rogram. control parameters, souree data and receptor data
·Printout of tables of. hourly: meteorological data for each specified day
Printout of nN"-day average concentration or t-otal deposition calculated
at each receptor for·anydesired combinations of sources
Printout of the-concentration or deposition values calculated for any
des±red combinations of sources at all receptors for any specified day
or time period W'i thin the day
Printout of tables of highest and-second-highest concentration or deposi-
tion values calculated at each receptor for each specified time period
during an "N"-day period for any desired combinations of sources
Printout of tables of the maximum 50 concentration or deposition values
calculated for· any desired: combinations of sources for each specified
time period
3-4
. ·----------. ----------------·----····--·-·---------·-· ---------------
-
F
L
n
L
[
[
E
D =
6
t
L
[
[
[
h
[
E
G
c
E
l
The results of all ISCST calculations may be stored on magne-
tic tape. The user may also elect to print one or more of the following
tables:
•
•
·-
!he program control parameters~ source data and receptor
data
Hourly meteorological inputs. for each specified day
!he "tr':-day average concentration or "B''-day total
deposition calculated at each receptor for any desired
combinations of sources
!he concentration or deposition values calculated for
any desired combinations of sources at all receptors
for any specified day or time period within a day
., !he highest .. and second-hi.ghest concentration or deposi-
tion vaiues calcu.Ia.ted for any desired combinations of
·sources at: each reeeptor for each specified averaging
. time (concentration) or summation time (deposition)
during, an.. ''N" -day period
•' !he maximum. 50 concentration or deposition values
calculated for any desired combinations of sources
for each specified averaging time (concentration) or
summation time (deposition)
It should be noted that a given problem run may generate a large print
output (see Section 3.2.S.b). Consequently, it may be more convenient
to make mu!tiple program runs for a given. problem.
3-5
--------------------------
3.1..2 Data Inout Reauirements
~~s section provides a description of all input data para-
meters required by the ISCST program. The user should note that some
input parameters are not read or are ignored by the program, depending
on what values control parameters have been assigned by the user.
Except where noted, all data are read from card images.
a. Program Control Parameter Data. These data contain
parameters which provide user-control of all program options.
Parameter
Name
ISW(l)
ISW(2)
:sw(3)
Concentration/Deposition Option -Directs the program to
calculate either average concentration or total depo-
sition. A value of "1" indicates average concentration
and a "2".indicates total deposition. The default value
equals ·"1".
Receptor Grid System Option --Specifies whether a
right-handed rectangular Cartesian coordinate system or a
polar coordinate system is used to reference the receptor
grid. A value of "1" indicates the Cartesian coordinate
system, and "2" indicates the polar coordinate system.
Additionally, a "3" or "4" value will automatically
generate a grid system using the Cartesian or polar
coordinate systems, respectively, wit.}} user-defined
starting locations and spacing distances. The default
value equals "1".
Discrete Receptor Option Specifies whether a right-
handed rectangul~r Cartesian coordinate system or a polar
coordinate system is used to reference discrete receptor
3-6
[
r
h
[
l-~
-"·
["'
[:
[
L
[
r"' L:
I c
c
6
-0
b
E
u
L
[
[
r~
r:
L
c
G
c
6
[
Parameter
Name
ISW(3)
(Cont.)
ISW(4)
ISW(5)
ISW(6)
ISW(7)-
ISW(l4)
points. A value of "l" indicates the Cartesian coordinate
system and. a "2" indicates the polar coordinate system.
'l:he default value equals "l".
Receptor Terrain Elevation Option. -Allows the user to input
terrain. elevations f~r ali receptor points. A value of "l"
directs the program to read. user-provided terrain elevations.
·Receptor elevations below stack base elevation are set equal
· to stack base elevation. A value of "O" assumes level ter-
rain and no terrain elevations are read by the program.
The. default value equals "O".
Outpu~ Tape Option..--· Allows all calculated average concen-
tration. or total deposition values to be written onto a mag-
.··. netic. tape.;· A valua ·of· · nl" ·writes calculated values to an
output. tape. Refer·tc) Section. 3.2~4.b for a. complete descrip-
tion:. of the output produced from the use of this option. A
"O"' value, does. not· write a:ay calcula.tions. to an output tape.
The: default value equals. nou.
Print Input Data Option -Allows the user to print all
input data parameters. A value of uon indicates no input
data are listed. A "1"' indicates .. that all program control
parameters and model constants, receptor site data and
source data are printed. A· "2" value is the same as the
"l" option except that all hourly meteorological data
used in the calculat:Cons are also printed.
··:-.
. ~.,_
Time Period OptionS -These options allow the user to~~ _
compute average concentration or total deposition based
on up to eight time periods. Parameters ISW(7) through
. ISW(l4) respectively correspond. to 1-, 2-, J-., 4,.., 6-,
. 3-7
----------------
Parameter
Name
ISW(7)-
ISW(14)
ISW(15)*
ISW(16)*
ISW(l7)*
______ .... ___ ..___ __ ---------~------------\-------···------------
8-, 12-and 24-hour time periods. The user may choose any
number of the eight time periods. A value of "1" for any
of the eight parameters directs the program to compute
average concentration or total deposition values for the
corresponding time period. .A "0" value for any of the
eight time-period parameters directs the program not to
make calculations for the corresponding time period. The
default values equal "0".
Output "N"-Day Table Option --Allows the user to print
average concentration or total deposition for the total
number of days of meteorological data processed by the
problem run for source group combinations chosen by the
user. A value o! "1" employs this option; "N"-day tables
are not printed if ISW(15) has a "011 value. The default
value equals "O".
Outpu.t Daily Tables Option -Allows the user to print
average concentration or total deposition values for all
time periods and source groups specified by the user for
each day of meteorological data processed. A value of
"1" directs the program to print these tables; these tables
are not printed if ISW(16) has a "O" value or if parameters
ISW(7) through ISW(l4) equal "O". The default value equals
"0".
Output Highest and Second Highest Tables Option --Allows
the user to print the highest and second highest average
concentration or total deposition calculated at each recep-
*The four parameters ISW(15) through ISW(18) pertain to output table
options. Refer to Section 3.1.3 for a more complete summary of the con-
tents of each type of ou~put table.
3-8
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Parameter
Name
ISW(l7)*
(Cont.)
ISW(l8)*
ISW(l9)
ISW(20)
tor. A set of the highest and second highest tables is
printed for each time period and source group combination
chosen by the user. A value of rrl n directs the program
to print these tables; these tables. are not printed if
ISW(l7) has a "Ou. value or if parameters ISW(7) through
ISW(l4) equal "O". The default value equals "Ou.
Output Maximwn 50 Tables Option --Specifies whether or
not. tables of the 50 highest calculated average concentra-
tion or total deposition values are printed for each time
period and source group specified by the user. A "1"
value employs this option; these tables are not printed if
ISW(l8) ·has a "0'1 value or if parameters ISW(7) through
ISW(l4) equal "O". The default: value equals non.
Meteorological Data. Option.-· A "1" value. directs the
. program. to read: .hourly meteorological data from FORTB.A!.'I
logical unit IMET in a. format compatible with that gen-
erated by· the. preprocessor: program (see Appendix G). A
"2"value directs the program to read hourly meteorologi-
ca.l: data in a card image format. The default value
equals "111 ~
. . .
Rural/tJrban Option -Specifies whether rural or urban
surface mixing heigh:ts are read. from the hourly meteoro-
logical data. Also, this J)arameter option provides ·
two urban modes of adjustment of input stability cate-
gOries (see Table 2-3) •. · A value of "0" directs the pro-
*'!he four parameters ISW(lS) through ISW(18) pertain to output table
options. Refer to Section 3 .1. 3 for a more complete summary of the con-
tents of each type of output table.
3-9
-----------------:----··------~ ~.
Parameter
N2!!!e
ISW(20)
(Coi:tt.)
IS"'w(21)
(Cont.)
ISW(22)
gram to read rural mixing heights. A "1" value causes
the program to read urban .mixing heights with Urban Mode
l adjustments to the input stability categories. A "2"
value causes the program to read urban mixing heights w~th
Urban Mode 2 adjustments to the input stability categories.
The default value equals ·"O". It should be noted that if
Meteorological Data Option (ISW(l9)) has a value of "2",
the program automatically assigns a "O" value to ISW (20)
and ignores. any conflicting value entered by the user.
Wind Profile Exponent Option --This option allows the
user to enter wind profile exponent values or allows the
J>rogram to provide default wind profile exponent values.
If a. value of · 11 1" is entered, the program provides default
values. See. Table 2•2 for the default values used by the
program. If a value of "2" is entered.; the program reads
user-provided wind profile exponents in input parameter
PDEF. These values remain constant throughout the problem
run. If a value of "3" is entered, the program reads
user-provided wind profile·exponent values in input param-
eter P for each hour of meteorological data processed by
the program. Note that the ISW(21) equals "3" option
assumes the hourly meteorological data are in a card image
. format (ISW(l9) • "211 ). The default value of ISW(21)
equals "1".
Vertical Potential., Temperature Gradient Option -This
.tJ.
option a.llows the' ,user to enter vertical potential tem-
perature gradient values or allows the pr(;ram to provide
default vertical potential temperature gradient values.
If a value o.f "1 11 is entered, the program provides default
3-10
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Parameter
Name
ISW(22)
(Cont.)
ISW(23)
values. See table 2-2 for the default values used by
the program. If a value of "2" is-entered, the program
reads user-provided vertical potential temperature grad-
ient values in input· parameter DTHDEF. These values
remain constant: throughout the problem run. If a value
of "3" is entered,. the program reads user-provided ver-
tical potential temperature gradient values in input
parameter DTBDZ for each hour of meteorological data pro-
cessed by the program.. Note that the ISW(22) equals "3"
option assumes hourly meteorological data are in a card
image fo;z:mat.. (ISW(l9) equals "2 .. ). The default value of
ISW(22) equals "l".
Variable Source Emission Rate Option --·Allows the
. . " ' -·-
user to specify scaJ.ars which are multiplied by the
sources' average emission rates. This parameter is
employed. by the-user when ir is desired to vary the aver-
age emission rates for .!J:!.. sources. It: is also possible
to vary the:· emission-rates fsr indivl:dua! sources with . . -. . ... . ""'
the· QFLG parameter option. These scalars may vary as a
ftm.ction of season, month, hour of the day, hour of the
...
day and season, or wind speed and stability category. A
value of "1" allows the user to enter four seasonal scalars;
a "2" allows the user to enter ewelve monthly scalars; a
·· "3" allows the user to enter ewenty-four scalars for each
hour of the day; a "4" value allows the user to enter
_ thirty-six scalars for s~ wind speed categories for each
. . . . . . .
of the six stability categories; a "S" value allows the
. user to enter ninty-six scalars for twenty-four hourly
values for each of the four seasons. A "O" value directs
.3-11
Parameter
Name
IS'W(24)
IS'W(25)
NSOURC
. -·------···------
Parameter
the program not to vary average emission rates for all
sources, and allows the use of the QFLG parameter option
for the individual sources. The default value of this
parameter equals 11 011 •
Plume Rise Option --Allows the program to consider only
the final plume rise at all downwind receptor locations
if a ·value of "1" is entered. If a value of "2" is
entered, the program computes plume rise as a function
of.the downwind distance of each receptor. The default
value of ISW.(24) equals "l".
· Stack-Tip Downwash Optio11 -Allows the program to use the
physical stack height entered by the user or to modify
the physical stack height of all stack-type sources
etitered in order to accoU11t for stack-tip downwash effects
(Briggs, 1973). · If a value of "1" is entered, all phys-
sical stack heights entered by the user are used through-
out the problem run; if a value of "2" is entered, all
physical stack heights entered are modified to account
for stack-tip downwash. The default value of ISY(25)
equals " l" .
. Number of Sources This parameter specifies the total
number of sources to be processed by the problem run.
X-Axis/Range Receptor Grid Size --This parameter speci-
fies the number of east-west receptor grid locations for
the Cartesi .. n coordinate system X-axis, or the number of
receptor grid ranges (rings) in the polar coordinate sys-
tem (depending on which receptor grid system is chosen by
3-12.
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Parameter
Name
NXPNTS
(Cont.).
NYI'NTS
NGROUP
.·IPERD
the user with parameter ISW(2)). A "0" value causes the
program to assume that no regular (non-discrete) recep-
tor grid. is used •.
Y-Axis/Radial Receptor Grid Size --This parameter speci-
fies the number of north-south receptor grid locations
for the Cartesian coordinate system Y-axis, or the number
of receptor grid direction radials in the polar grid
system (depending on which receptor grid system is chosen
by the user with parameter ISW(2)). A "O" value causes
the program to assume that no regular (non-discrete)
receptor grid is used.
Number of Discreta Receptors -.This parameter indicates
the total. number of discrete receptors to be processed by
the: problem run. A "O" value causes the program to assume
that: no· discrete receptors· are used.
Number of Source Groups -This parameter specifies the
number· of source groups desired. Each source group con-
sists. of any desired combination of sources. A "O" value
defines one source group whi.ch consists of all sources.
The default value equals "O". A maximum of 150 source
groups are allowed.
Single Time Period Interval Option --This parameter allows
the user to specify one. time period interval out of all pos-
sible time period intervals within ·a day. The use of this
option directs the program , to print:. only one time period
interval specified for daily output tables (see Section
3.1.3.b). For e."'taa!lple, if.the user desires to print only
3-13
--------~-· ·--------···-----·-·-------·----· -·--·--
-... -· ----------------·---·-·-···-·····------
. .
Parli!llleter
Name
!PEBD
(Cont.)
NROURS
NDAYS
NSOGR.P
the fifth 3-hour time period~ IPERD requires a value of "5".
Also, parameter ISW(51) must equal "l" in order to compute
average concentration· or total deposition based on a 3-
hour time period. A "O" value directs the program to
consider all-intervals of a given time period.
Number· of Hours Per Day of Hourly Meteorological Data --This
. . .
parameter is ·used only when hourly meteorological data are
read from card i~ges (parameter : ISW ( 19 ) equals ''2 r•) • This
parameter specifies the number of hours per day of meteoro-
logical data. For example., one need not enter 24 hours of
meteorological data in order to calculate a 3-hour average
concentration from only 3 hours of meteorological data.
Number o£ Days of Meteorological Data -This parameter is
used only when hourly meteorological data are read from
card images (parai!Iet::~r ISW(l9) equals "2") • This parameter
specifies the total number of days of meteorological data
to be processed by the program. The default value assumes
one day (a value equal to "I'~) of meteorological data •
Number of Sources Defining Source Groups --This parameter
is not read if the parameter NGROUP has a no~' value. This
parameter is an array (NGROUP long) which indicates how
many source identification numbers are read by the program
in order to define each source group. The source identifi-
cation numbers themselves are read in parameter IDSOR.
/
Refer to parameter IDSOR for an example of the use of th~
parameter NSOGRP. in association with parameter IDSOR. A
maximum of lSO source groups may be used.
3-14
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Parameter
Name
IDSOR
. -!
Source Identification Numbers Defining Source Groups --This
parameter is not read if parameter NGROUP has a "O" value.
This. parameter is an array which contains the source identi-
fication numbers and/o~ the lower and upper bounds of source
identification numbers' to_ be summed over·, which are used to
define a sourcE! group. This parameter-is used in associa-
tion. with parameter NSOGRP discussed above. The following
should illustrate the interactive use of parameters NGROUP,
NSOGBP and IDSOR. Let. us assume that we have 50 sources
whose identification numbers are 10~ 20, 30~ ••• , 490,
500. First, if_ one desires only to see the average con-
centration or total. depositi~ calculated from all. sources,
the parameter NGROUP should. equaL "O". The parameters NSOGRP
and _msoa. are~. not :required by· _the program. _and are not input
by-the, user-Nut·., let. us_• assume· that one desires to see-
the average-concentration-or.-total deposition contribution
--'
individually of sources with. identification numbers 10, 100,
200,.. 300._ 400 and. 500 as well. as the combined contributions
of: sources with numbers 10 through 100, 50 through 260,
100 through 200 plus 400 through 500, and of all sources
combined (10 through 500). Hence, the average concentration
or total deposition contributions from six individual sources
are desired plus the contributions from each of four sets of
combined sources~·-fa~·-&-total of ten source groups. Thus, a
value of "10" must. be entered for parameter NGROUP. For
parameter_NSOGRP,_one enters the ten values: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
1, 2, 2,. 4 and 2~ ;For parameter IDSOR, one enters the source
identification numbers : 10, 100, 200, 300, 400 , 500, 10,
-100,_ SO; -260, 100, -200, 400, -500, 10 and -500. Now let us
examine the relationship between those values entered in param-
eters NSOGRP and. IDSOR. The first six entries of beth NSOGRP
3-15
Parameter
Name
IDS OR
(Cont~).
----· ------------·-·-----·---·····--·--
and IDSOR are it!. a one-to-one correspondence; th.e "1 11 value
entered in parameter NSOGRP implies that only one source
identification number is read by the program in the IDSOR
array· in order to define a complete source grout~. The seventh
entry in parameter NSOGRP (a _11 2 11 ) indicates that· the source
identification -.numbers 10 and -100 (the seventh and eighth
entries in IDSOR) define a source group. Th.e minus sigr..
preceding source ident:ification number "100" indicates to
the program. to inclusively sum over all sources with ident-
ification numbers ranging from "10" to 11 100". The user
need not be concerned by the fact that no source number of,
say, "43" exists. The program only sums over those source
numbers defined (in this case, 10; ·20, 30, ••• , 90, 100).
'!b.e eighth entry in parameter NSOGRP (a "2") specifies a
source group including source numbers "SO'' through "260"
which are the next . set of values in. parameter IDSOR. If one
.desires to.see source contributions from consecutive source
numbers, and also desires ·to exclude some source numbers, the
next entry in parameter NSOGRP (a "4") illustrates this pro-
cedure. The value "4" implies that four source numbers are
·read by the program in order to define a source group. The
four source identification numbers read by the program in
parameter IDSOR, which are the source numbers following the
last source numbers used to define the preceding source group,
are 100, -200, 400, -500. This arrangement implies that
inclusive srnmJ1ng over all sources from "100" to "200" and
"400". to "500" is desired, excluding source numbers "210"
to "390". Finally, it is still possible to obtain the com-
bined contribution from all sources as shown in the last
source group. In summary, we have: (1) Parameter NGROUP
is a value which represents the number of source groups
3-16
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Parameter
Name
IDSOR
(Cont •. )
b.
desired; (2) The values ~ parameter NSOGRF indicate the
number of source identification numbers read by the program
in parameter IDSOR; and 9 (3) parameter IDSOR contains the
sourca identification numbers used to define a source group,
where: a minus sign preceding a source number implies inclu-
sive snmming from the. previous source number entered to the
source number with· the. minus sign. The number of source
identification numbers cannot exceed two hundred values
for parameter IDSOR.
Meteorological-Related Constants. These data consist
of parameters related to the meteorological conditions of the problem run.
They are constants which are. iiiitialized. at the beginning of the problem
run and. remain. constant-throughout the problem r:un (as opposed to the hourly
meteorologicaldata.which: change throughout. the problem rtm).
Parameter
Name
PDEF
DTHDEF.
Wind Profile Exponents --These data are read by the prog-
ram only if option ISW(21) has a value equal to "2". This
parameter is· an array containing wind profile exponents
for si:it stability· categories, where each stability category
contains six values for the six wind speed categories. A
total of thirty-six wind profile exponents are entered by
the user.
Vertical Potential Temperature Gradients --These data are
read by the program only if option ISW(22) has a value equal
to "2". · · This parameter is an array· containing vertical
potential temperature gradients (degrees Kelvin/metar) for
six stability categories, where each stability category con-
·J-17
. -····· ............ --···-·--··----· ····-·-----------·---------·-· ··--------·--···-· ···---··--········ ·--···--·
Parameter
Name
DTHDEF
(Cont.)
UCATS
BE TAl
BETA2
ZR
DECAY*
ta:l:il.s six values-· for the six wind speed categories. A total
of thirty-six vertical potential temperature gradients are
entered by the user.
Wind· Speed Categories This: parameter contains five values
which specify.the upper bound of the first through fifth wind
speed categories (ineters:/second). The program assumes no
upper limit-on· the· sixth wind speed category. Tne default
values equal 1~54, 3·.09, 5.14, 8.23 and 10.8 meters per
second'for the· first through fifth categories, respectively.
Adiabatic Entrainment Coefficient -This parameter is used
by the p-lume rise section of the model as the entrainment
coefficient for adiabatic conditions (vertical potential
t'empetature'gradi.ents' .less'>than or-equal to zero). The
. default·value· equals 0.6~~:(Briggs ,, 1975).
·. s·table Entrainment-. Coefficient -This parameter is used by
the plume ri.sesection of the model as the entrainment coef-
ficient for stable conditions (vertical potential temperature
gradients greater· than zero). The default value equals 0. 6
(Briggs,. l9T5)'•
.Wind Speed Reference Height--This parameter specifies the
height (meters) at:.which·-the wind speed was measured. The
default value equalS-10.0 meters.
Decay Coefficient --This parameter is the decay coefficient
(seconds-!) used to describe decay of a pollutant due to
*This parameter is read by the program only if the hourly meteorological
data are in a preprocessed format (parameter ISW(l9) equals "l").
3-18
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Parameter
Name
DECAY*
IDAY*
ISS*
ISY*
IUS*
chemical depletion. The default value equals "0" fo-r no
decay.
Meteorological .Tulian Day Indicator--This parameter con-
sists of an array of. 366: entries,. where each entry indicates
whetherornot·a meteorological day of qata is processed by
tha. program. The entry number of the array corresponds to
the Julian Day of meteorological data. For example, the
140th entry IDAY(l40) corresponds to Julian Day 140. An
entry with a "1" value directs the program to process the
-corresponding day of meteorological data. A "O" value
directs the program., to ignore that corresponding day. -The
default assumes-"O" values for-all 366 entries.
'r .. _,--· ._ .. :
... Surface-Station Number --This.-param~ter specifies the sur-
face station number of the' meteorological data being used.
Thee surface station number· usually corresponds to· the WBAN
station· identification number· for a. given observation sta-
tion. The number is usually a. five-digit integer.
Year of Surface Station:· Data ·--'Ihis parameter specifies
the year of the surface station meteorological data. Only
the last two digits of t~eyear are entered.
Upper Air Station Number ~ This parameter specifies the
upper air station number of the meteorological data being
used. The upper air station number usually corresponds to
......... . _,..
*This parameter is. read by· the program only.if the hourly meteorological
data are in a preprocessed format (parameter ISW(l9) equals "1 ").
3-19
Pa.ran:.et.er
Name
IUS*
(Cont.)
I!JY*
the W.S.AN station identificat:ion number for a given observa-
tion stat:ion. The number is usually a five-digit number.
Year of Upper Air Station Data --This parameter speci-
fies the yea~ of the upper air station meteorological
data. Only the last two d~gits of the year are entered.
c. Identification Labels and Model Constants. These data
consist of parameters pertaining to heading and identification labels and
program constants.
Parameter
Name
IQUN
ICHIUN
Reading Label --This parameter allows the user to enter
up to 60 characters· in order to identify a problem. run ...
The inf~rmation enteredin th:is parameter appears at
the .top of each page of print output.
Source Emission Rate Label --This parameter provides the
user with up to 12 characters in order to identify the
emission rate units of all sources. The default label is
(GRAMS/SEC) when calculating average concentration and
. (GRAMS) when calculating total deposition. All area source
emission rate labels automatically include units of per
square. meter.
Output Units Label --This parameter provides the user with
a 28-character label in order to identify the units of aver-
*This parameter is read by the program only if the hourly meteorological
data. are in a preprocessed format (parameter IS"W(l9) equals "1").
3-20
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Parameter
Name
rem UN
(Cont.)
TK
I'!AP
age concentration or total deposition. Th.e default value
is ~ICROGRAMS/CUBIC METER) for average concentration cal-
culations and (GRAMS/SQUARE.METER) for total deposition
calculations.
Source Emission Rate Conversion Factor --This parameter
allows the user to scale the source emission rate for all
sources in order to convert the emission rate units. This
parameter is used in conjunction with label parameters
IQUN and ICHIUN. The default value equals 1.0 x 10 6 for
average concentration calculations and 1.0 for total
deposition calculations.
FOR'IRANLogical Unit Number for· Hourly Meteorological Data-
.. This. parameter ~pecifies the.. FORTRAN logical unit number of
. .
the.. device from ~i,c:h the hourly meteorological data are
read. The default vaiue equals "9 1' for hourly meteorologi-
cal data which-ara ·in' a preprocessed format. The default
value for card. image meteorological data is the same as the
logical. unit number for all card input data.
FORTRAN Logical Unit Number of Output Tape --Ihis param-
eter is _ignored by. the program if no output tape is gener-
ated by the problem run (ISW (5) equals. "O") • Ihis param-
eter specifies tha FORTRAN logical unit number of the out.-
put device with which the output tape is externally assoc-
iated. The default value e.quals. "3".
d. Receptor Data. These data consist of the (X, Y) or
(range, theta) locations of all receptor points. ·Also included are the
receptor terrain elevations.
3-21
... -·~------·· ---------------------·----·----"·-----·-··
--------------------------------------------------------------------------..... .
Parameter
Name
GRID X
GRIDY
..... ·
_Receptor Grid -~:-:-:Axis or Range Data <--This parameter is
read by the program only if input parameters NXPNTS and
NYPN'l'S are. bo~ greater than zero. This parameter is an
~ray whicl:l hC!S_-~ifferent functions depending on the
value of ISW(Z). If ISW(Z) equals "1", this parameter
.contains NXPNTS values of the X-axis receptor grid points
(mete_rs)~--. If ISW(~) equals "2" or "4", this parameter
contains _ ~NTS values of th_e receptor_ grid ranges (rings)
in meters., . , If ISW (2) . equals. "3", the first entry of this
parameter contains the starting location (meters) of the
X-axis receptor gri.d and the second entry contains the
incremental value (meters) with which the remaining NXPNTS
values of the X-axis are generated~
Receptor Grid Y-Axis or Direction Radial Data --This param-
eter is-read; by_ t.he Pl:'9gra11;1 only if input parameters NXPNTS
·and NYPNTS-are both greater than zero. This parameter is an
array which· has different' functions depending on the value
of ISW'(2). If ISW(Z) equals "1", this parameter contains
NYPNTS values of the Y-axis receptor grid points (meters).
If ISW(2) equals "2", this parameter contains NYPNTS values
of the direction radials (degrees) for the receptor grid.
The program requires that these values not be fractional
value~ but integer values within the range of 1 to 360 degrees.
The default: value equals-"360" degrees. If ISW(J.) equals
"3", the first entry of this parameter contains the starting
location (meters) of .. the Y-axis receptor grid and the second
entry contains the incremental value (meters) with which
the remaining_NYPNTS values of theY-axis are generated. If
_ ISW(Z) equals "4", the first entry _of this parameter con-
tains the starting direction radial location (degrees)
3-22
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Parameter
Name
GRIDY
(Cont.)
of the receptor grid and the second. entry contains the
incremental value (degrees) with which the rema:1ning· NYP~ITS
direction radial values of the receptor grid are generated.
All values generated must be integers within the range of
l to 360 degrees: The default value equals 11 360" degrees.
Discrete Receptor X: or Range Data-'this parameter is
read. by the program only if parameter NXWYPT is greater
than zero. 'this parameter is an array wh:ich has different
functions depending on the. value of parameter ISW(3). .If
. .
XDIS ISW(3) equals "1". this parameter contains NXWYPT discrete
YDIS
GRIDZ
receptor X: locations (meters). I! ISW(3) equals "2", this
parameter contains NXWYPT discrete receptor range locations
(meters). 'Ihe values entered in this parameter are used
.in associa~ion-.wi~h .tltose in_ par~e~er· YDIS. .
. . · .. • . -· . ' ' .
. . . . --· -
Discrete: Receptor Y' or. Direction Data -'this parameter is
read by the program only if NX.WYPT: is greater than zero.
This parameter is. an array which has. different funct:ions
depenatng on the value of parameter ISW(3). If ISW(3)
equals "1", this parameter c'Ontains NX.WYPT dis<;rete recep-
tor Y locations (meters) • · If ISW(3) equals "2", this
parameter contains MXWYPT discrete receptor direct±on values
.(degrees). These direction values must not be fractional in
value, but integer values within the range of 1 to 360
~egrees where the default value is "360" degrees. The
values entered in this parameter are used in association
with those in parameter XDIS -::
Receptor Terrain Eleva~±on Data --This parameter is read
only if parameter ISW(4) equals ·"1". This parameter is an
3-23
.... -·--·---·-···-"'"""'"' ____ __:__;,__ _________ . _____ ---'---
Parameter
'Name
GRIDZ
(Cont.)
e.
array which contains all the receptor terrain elevations
* (feet/· for the receptor grid and discrete receptors. The
terrain elevations for the receptor grid are entered first
(if there-is a receptor grid). Receptor elevation Zij cor-
responds to the i th X coordinate (range) and j t.i. Y coordi-
nate (direction radial). Begin with z11 and enter NX?NTS
values (Z 11 ~ z21 , z31 , ••• ). Then, starting with a new card
image, enter NXPNTS values (z 12 , z22 ~ z32 , ••• ). Continue
until all regular receptor elevations have been entered. The
terrain elevations for the discrete receptors (if any) are
entered next. Beginning with a new card image, enter the
terrain elevations for the discrete receptor points ~ the
order the discrete receptor locations were entered into param-
eters XDIS and YDIS.
Source Data. These data.consist of all necessary
information required for each source entered by the user. Because the
program can process three types of sources (stack, volume and area),
some source types require more info:rma.tion than other types. The following
input parameters are required by all source types.
Parameter
Name
NSO
Source Identification Number --This-parameter is a
number which uniquely identifies each source. The program
uses this identification number for any output tables
that are generated requiring individual source identification.
This number must be a positive number. -
Ground elevations in feet-are ~eqUired· for this otherwise met~ic program
to afford compatibility with the units used in the routinely available
U.S.G.S. topographic maps.
3-24
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Parameter
Name
I'!Yl'E
NVS
QnG
Q
Source Type Indicator -This parameter specifies the type
of source. If a value of "O" is entered, this is a stack-
type. source. Similarly, a. "1" is entet'ed for a volume-
type source. A. "2" is entered for an area-type source.
Consult Sections 2.4.1. and.2.4.2 for a technical discus-
sion of these source types.
Number of Gravitational Settling Categories -This param-
eter specifies the number of gravitational settling cate-
gories to be considered. This parameter is used for
sources with particulates or droplets with significant
gt'avitational settling velocities. A maximum of 20 cate-
gories is allowed for each source.
Variational Source Emission Rate.Option ~This parameter
is ignored by the program .if ISW(23) has a non-zero value.
This parameter allows the. user to specify scalars which
are multiplied by this individual source's average emis-
sion rate.. These scalars· may vary as a function of season,
month, hour of the day, season and hour of the day, or
stability category and wind speed. The implementation of
this parameter is the same as that of parameter ISW(23).
Refer to the description of parameter ISW(23) for an explana-
tion of what values are associated with each variational
·function.
Emission Rate --This parameter specifies the average emis-
sion rate of the source. If average concentration is cal-
culated, the units for stack and volume sources are mass
per time and for area sources are mass per square meter
per time-If total deposition is calculated, the units
3-25
Parameter
Name
Q
(Cont.)
xs
YS
zs
Stack-Source
Parameters
H.S
TS
----· _ ..... --·----~--------·-·--------·-··· --------.. ~·
for stack and volume.sources are mass and for area sources
are mass per square meter.
X Location: --This parameter specifies the relative X loca-
tion (meters) of the center of a·stack or volume source and
of the southwest c.orner of an area source.
Y Location --This parameter specifies the relative Y loca-
tion (meters) of the center of a stack or volume source and
of the southwest corner of an area source.
Source Elevation --1his parameter specifies the elevation
(meters above mean sea level) of the source at the source
base.
Wake Effects Option -This parameter pertains only to
stacks with bU:Uding wake effects (parameters HB, H.L and HW
greater than zero). Enter a "O" value to calculate
an "upper bound" average concentration or total deposition.
Enter a "l" value to calculate a "lower bound" average con-
centration or total deposition. The appropriate value
for this. parameter depends on building shape and stack
·placement with respect to the building. Consult Section
2.4.l.l.d for a technical discussion of building wake
effects. The default value equals 11 0".
Stack Height --This ~arameter specifies the height of the
stack above the ;round (meters).
Stack Exit Temperature --This parameter specifies the stack
exit temperature in degrees Kelvin. If this value is less
3-26
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Parameters
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Volume-Source
Parameters
SIGZO
than the ambient air temperature for a given hour, the
program sets this parameter equal to the ambient air
temperature.
Stack Exit Velocity·--This parameter specifies the stack
exit velocity in meters per second.
Stack Diameter -This parameter specifies the inner stack
diameter in meters.
Building. Height --This parameter specifies the height of
a buildin~ a4jacent to this stack (meters).
. -Building Leng.th:. - . This· parameter specifies the length of
a building adjacent to-this stack (meters).
Building Width --Thi~ parameter specifies· the width of
a building adjacent to this-stack (meters).
Center Height -This parameter specifies the height of
.. the center of the volume source above the ground (meters).
Initial Vertical Dimension -This parameter specifies the
initial vertical dimension ~ of the volume source zo .
(meters).
*If non-zero values are entered for parameters HB or HL and.HW, the pro-
gram automatically uses the building wake effects option (see Section
2.4.l.l.d). However, if RB, HL, and HW are not punched, or are equal to
"O," wake effects for the respective source are not considered.
3-27
-____ .. ___________ ... ---------_______ , ________ _
Volume-Source
Parameters
SIGYO
Area-Source
Parameters
xo
Gravitational.
Settling
Categories
Parameters
VSN
GAMMA
------·~--····--------------------····-----·--------··-------------------· --------~ r
Initial Horizontal Dimension --This parameter specifies
the initial horizontal dimension a10
source (meters) •
of the volume
Effective Emission Height --This parameter specifies the
effective emission height of the area source (meters).
Area Source Width --This parameter specifies the width
x
0
of the square area source (meters) •
Mass Fraction--This ·parameter is.an array which specifies
the mass fraction of particulates for each settling velocity
category. A maximum of 20 values per source may be entered.
Settling Velocity --This parameter is an array which speci-
fies the gravitational settling velocity (meters/second) for
each settling velocity category.. A maximum of 20 values per
source may be entered.
Surface Reflection Coefficient --This parameter is an
array which contains the surface reflection coefficient
for each settling velocity category. A maximum of 20
values per source may be entered.
3-2.8
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Parameter
Name
Source Emission Rate Scalars --This parameter is applic-
able only to sources whose emission rates are multiplied by
variational scalar,values. If parameter ISW(23) is greater
than. zero. this parameter applies to all sources in the
problem ruu. If parameter ISW(23) equals zero~ this param-
eter is read by the program for each source for which the
parameter QFLG is greater than zero. If both parameters
ISW(23) and QFLG equal zero for all sources, ~is parameter
is. not read by the program.. This parameter is an array
which contains the source emission rate scalars used to
multiply the average emission rate of a (all) source(s).
The format in which the scalar values are entered depends
on the value of either parameter-QFLG or ISW(23) (which-
ever parameter is ap~lic.able) ~ If this . value equals "l'',
enter four. seasonal scalars in the order of Winter, Spring,
S1.t1111ner and Fall. If the QFLG (or ISW(23)) parameter has
a value-of "2"~-enter 12 ID.Ollthly · scalar values beginning
with· January and ending. with. December. If the value equals
"3"',. enter 24-scalar values for each. hour of t.'le day begin-
ning with the first hour and end.ing with the twenty-foorth
hour. If the value. equals "411 , enter six sets of scalar
. values for. the six wind. speed categories for a total of
36 scalar values.. Each of the six sets of scalar values
represents a Pasquill stability beginning with category
A and ending with category F~ Each set is started on
a new card image. If the value. equals "S", four sets
of scalar values are entered where each set contains 24
hourly values (analogous. to a value equal to "3" option)
for a total of 96 scalar values. The four sets of scalar
values represents the four seasons in the order of Winter,
Spring, Sammer and Fall. Each set is started on a new card
image.
3-29
------·----· --------------------~----~~ . -----------------
f. Hourlv-Meteorclogical Data.-These data maybe entered
in one of two fo~ts _(governed by the value entered in parameter ISW(l9)).
One format is that generated by the preprocessor program (~ee Appendix
G). This format usUa.lly res~des ori magnetic tape where the tape device
is externally associ:S.ted with the-'logical unit specified by parameter
IMET. All hourly data req:uired -by the program are contained on the
tape. The other f·ormat is ·card' -image.· The following data are required
for each hour ·only when the card image format is chosen by the user.
Parameter
Name
JDAY
AWS
HLH
: :: ..
Julian Day --This parameter specifies the Julian Day of
thiS day of meteorological data. This parameter is read by
the program for.only the first hour of data for each day. -
This parameter is ignored for the second and successive hours
of each day of data. Th:is parameter is used by the program
to determine the month or season if required by other program
options~-The default· value equals-"l" {Julian Day 1).
Win:d Flow Vector --This parameter specifies the direction
(degrees) toward-which the wind is blowing.
Wind Speed -This parameter specifies the mean wind speed
(meters/second) measured at the reference height specified
in parameter ZR.
Mixing Height ;;;;... Th:is parameter specifies the height of the
top of the surface mixing layer (meters).
·Ambient Air Temperature This parameter specifies the·
ambient air temperature (degrees Kelvin).
3-30
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Parameter
Name
DTEDZ
IST
p
DECAY
Vertical Potential Temperature Gradient (Optional) --This
parameter specifies the vertical potential temperature
gradient (degrees Kelvill/meter) for a given nour. The value
for this parameter is used by the·program only if parameter
ISW(22) equals "3".
Pasquill Stability Category --This parameter specifies
the Pasquill stability category. A value of "1" equals
category A, "2" equals B, "3" equals C, etc.
Wind Profile Exponent (Optional) --This parameter speci-
fies the wind profile exponent. for a. given hour. The value ..
fol! this parameter is used by the program. only if parameter
. .
·ISW'(Zl.) · equals "3" ~
Decay Coefficient -This. parameter specifies the decay
coefficient (seconds -l) for chemical or other removal pro-
. cesses for: a given: hour. · This: parameter overrides any value
entered in parameter DECAY described earlier in Section
3.1.2.b. The default value equals "O" for no decay.
3.1.3 Output Information
The ISCST program generates six categories of program output.
Each category is opt:ional to· the user. That is·;. the user controls what:
output: the program generates .for a given problem run. In the following
paragraphS, each cat:egory of· output is related t:o the input parameter
that controls the output category. All program output are printed except
for the magnetic tape output.
3-31
·-··-----·--···-----------------------~-----
a. Innut Parameter Output. The use: ~y desire to see
all input parameters used by the program. If input parameter !SW(6)
equals "l", the program will print all program control input parameters,
meteorological-related and information constants, receptor data and
source data. Additionally, if parameter ISW(6) equals "2", the program
will also print all hourly meteorological data processed by the program
for a given problem run.
b. Dailv Concentration (Denosition) Output. This
· category of output prints calculated values of average concentration or
total deposition for each day of meteorological data processed by the
program for a given problem run. For each day, tables consisting of
average concentration or total deposition values at each receptor point
are printed for all combinations of user-defined time periods and source
groups. For example, suppose combinations of 1-, 3-and 24-hour time
periods and five source groups (NGROUP.equals "5") are specified and
input parameter IPEBD equals "O". Thirty-three tables would be generated
by all time period intervals (24 1-hour tables, eight 3-hour tables and
one 24-hour table) for a total of 16S·tables for all source groups for
each day of meteorological data. Input parameters ISW(7) through ISW(l4)
and IPERD specify the time periods and time period interval, respectively,
for which average concentration or total deposition values are printed.
The source ·group combinations are specified by input parameters NGROUP,
NSOGRP and IDSOR. Input parameter ISW(16) controls the employment of
this output category.
c. "N''-Day Concentration (Deposition) Outnut. This
category prints the average concentration or total deposition calculated
over the number of days ("N") of meteorological data processed by a
given problem run. Tables consisting of average concentration or total
deposition values at each receptor point are printed for all source
group combinations defined by the user with input parameters NGROUP,
NSOGRP and IDSOR. Input parameter ISW(l5) specifies the use of this
output category.
3-32
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d. Highest and Second-Highest Concentration (Deposition)
Output. This category prints tables of the highest and second-highest
average concentration or total deposition values calculated at each recep-
tor point. Tables are produced for all user-defined combinations of time
periods and source groups. For example, suppose 3-and 8-hour time periods
and ten source groups (NGROUP equals "1011
) are specified. Twenty-two
tables would be produced by all time periods (tables of. highest values and
tables of second-highest values) for a total.. of 220 tables for all source
groups for the example problem run. Input parameters ISW(7) through ISW(l4),
and NGROUP, NSOG:RP and msoR provide use:r· control. of the desired time periods
and source groups, respectivel.y. The employment of this output category
is controlled by input parameter ISW(l7).
e •. Maxfmum 50 Concentration··(De'Oosi:tion) Output. This
category produces tables of the ma;ximnm SO average concentration or to;tal
deposition val.ues calculated for· the. problem· run. Each table prints the
maximum 50 val.ues incluc:ling :When and a:t :Wich receptor each val.ue occurred.
Tables are printed. for all. user-defined combinations of time periods and
source groups which are specified· by input: parameters ISW(7) through
ISW(l4), and NGROtJP, NSOOBP and .. mSOR, respectively. Input parameter
ISW(l8) controls the use. of: this output category.
f. Tape Concentration (Deposition) Output. This category
writes the resul.ts of average concentration or total deposition calcula-
tions to a magnetic tape whose tape device is linked to the program through
input parameter ITAP. · If ISW{S) equal.s "l", the program writes to tape
records of tbe_average concentration or tot~ deposition values for all
user-defined combinations of time periods and source groups for each day
of m.eteorologi.cal. data processed by the program. Each tape record includes
-
the average concentration or total. deposition values cal.cul.ated at each
. .
receptor point. Also, ill concentration o:r: deposition values generated
by the "'3'7-day output· opd.on (see category c above) are written to tape
only if the ~'.r'-d.a.y output opt:i~ (ISW(lS).).. is exercised by tile user.
3-33
An ~ustratiou of each of the above print output ca~egoriss is
shown iu Section 3.2~4. Also discussed is the order in which the tables
and tape records are generated for each output category.
3.2 USER'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ISCST PROGRAM
3.2.1 Program DescriPtion
The ISC short-term (ISCST) program .is designed to use hourly
meteorological data to calculate ground-level concentration or deposi-
t:ion values produced by emissions from. mu~tiple stack, volume and area
sources. The receptors at which concentration or deposition values are
calculated may be defined on a (X~ Y) right-handed Cartesian coordinate
system grid or an (r. 6) polar coordinate system. grid. The polar coor-
dinate system defines 360 degrees as north (positive Y-axis), 90 degrees
as east (positive X-axis), 180 degrees as south and 270 degrees as
west. Discrete or arbitrarily placed receptors may also be defined by
the user using either type of ~oordinate system. This program also has
the user option of assigning elevations above mean sea level to each
source and receptor •. The stack, volume or area sources may be individual~'}"
located anywhere, but must be referenced using a Cartesian coordinate sys-
tem relative to the origin of the receptor coordinate system.
Average concentration or total deposition values may be calcu-
lated for 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 12-or 24-hour time periods. "N 11 -day
average concentration or total deposition values for the total number
of days of meteorological data processed by the program may also be
computed for each receptor. Average concentration or total deposition
values may be printed for source groups, where a source group consists
of any user-defined combination of sources.
The ISCST program accepts hourly meteorological input data in
either of two options. One option reads hourly meteorological data from
3-34
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a magnetic tape unit or other similar external input device. These data
are read in a format compatible with the mateorological data format gen-
erated by the preprocessor program (see Appendix G). The other option
reads hourly meteorological data from cards in a card image format.
The ISCST program produces several categories of output of cal-
culated concentration or depos:ltiou values. All: categories of output
are optional to the user. Average concentration or total deposition
values may be printed for all receptors for· all combinations of time
intervals and source groups for any number of· days of meteorological
data. The average concentration or total deposition values calculated
over an "N"-day period may be prlnted for all source groups defined by
the. user. Also, the. highest and second-highest average coneentration or
total deposition.values calculated at each receptor for all combinations
of time periods and source groups may be. printed.. The maximum 50 calcu-
lated average concentration or total deposition values may also be printed
for· all. combinations of time periods 'and· source· groups defined by the user.
The program may also generate: ali outp~t tape file consisting of all cal-
culated concentration or deposition values for each recevtor for each
user-defined combination of time periods and source groups for each day
of meteorological. data. processed by the program. Additionally, all
.average concentration or total deposition values calculated over an "N"-
day period may be written to the output tape file for all user-defined
source groups.
The ISCST program is written in FORTRAN IV. Its design assumes
that 4 Hollerith characters can be stored in a computer word. The basic
program requires about 21,500. UNIVAC 1100· Series 36-bit words. Another
43,500 words of data storage are currently allocated for a total of
65,000 computer words. With this current allotment of executable storage,
the program may be run with up to 400 receptors and 100 sources. The
card reader or input device to this program ::.s referenced as FORTRAN log-
ical unit 5 and the printer or out:.put device as logical unit:. 6. The
3-35
-···-·----------·-· . --. -----· ······-··--------------·-·--· -·---·. ---·-----·-----
ISCST program is composed of a main program (.ISCST), nine subroutines
(INCHK, MODEL, DYOUT, MAXOT, MAX50, VER.T, SIGMAZ, Ul'WDiD a,nd E..'!U'X) and
a BLOCK DATA subprogram (BLOCK). The source codes for all of these
routines are listed in Appendix A. Appendix H contains a logic flow
description of the ISCST program.
3.2.2 Control Language·and Data Deck Setup
a. Control Language Reauirements. The following example
illustrates the required control statement runstream for a typical run on
a UNIVAC 1100 Series Operating System:
@RUN ISCST, •••
@ASG,A PROGFILE.
@ASG.,A ME'!FILE.
@USE 9 ,METFTI.E.
@ASG,CP .. OUTPUTFUE. f
Optional, required only if ISW(S) = 1 @USE 3,0UTPUTFILE. .
@XQT PROGFILE.ABSISCST.
Card input data deck
@Fm
The first control statement initiates the runstream with job name ISCST
Yhere the parameters following the job name may vary with each computer
installation. The second control statement assigns the existing program
file PROGFn.E to the run. It is assumed that this file contains the
absolute element (executable version) of the program. The third and
fourth control statements ass_ign an existing meteorological data input
file METFILE and assoc~ate FORTRAN logical unit number 9 with the met-
eorological file. These control statements may be optional if the user
has provided meteorological data in the card input data deck (accompany-
ing the card input data). However, most cases require a meteorological
data file which is external to the card input data. The fifth and sixth
3-36
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control statements create an optional output data file OUTPUTFILE for
saving calculated ·con.:.enttroatiw L011 depoaitidn~;va.il.ues: and associate fOR'!'R.Al.'i
logical unit number 3 with the output data file. These control state-
ments are required only if parameter~ ISW(S) equals "l". The ISCST program
is ready to execute as performed by the seventh control statement. All
card input data required for. the problem run immediately follows the
execute card. The fina~ control card terminates the runstream.
The following.job control statement runstream is given for a
typical run on an IBM 360 Operating System:.
IIISCST JOB(l2345),'TYPICAL RUNSTREAM•
IIJOBLIE DD DSNAME•PROGFILE,DISP•(OID,PASS)
IISTEPl EXEC PGM•ABSISCST
I IFTOSFOO l DD DDNAME•SYSIN
I IFT06FOOL DD, SYSOUT•A .·
I IFT09FOOl DD DSN•M:ETFILE,UNIT-TAPE,
I I VOL•SER-ME'r!P ,DCB•RECFM•V,
II DISP-OLD
I IFT03F001 D?. DSN==OU. 'tPUTFn..E,UNIT•TAPE., l
II VOL•SE.R•SAVTP,DCB•RECFM•V,
I I DISP•(NE.W,KE.E.P)
I /GO. SYSIN DD*
Card input data deck
'II
Optional,
required only
if ISW(5)=1.
The first job control statement initiates the runstream with job identifica-
tion ISCST and account number 12345. The second and third control state-
ments obtain the library file PROGFILE in-which the absolute, executable
deck ABSISCST is loc.atedw The fourth and fifth control statements link
FOR'J:RA!I logical unit numbers OS ·and 06 as the card reader and printer,
respectively. Control statement six defines an existing meteorological
data input tape file METFILE with a reel identification of METTP and links
3-31
------·-·------·--·-·-------·-·-------------·------·-···---··-----··--· --------------·-· ·---------[
FORTRAN logical unit 09 with the meteorological file. This file is usually
required in a job runstream unless the hourly meteorological data are
contained in the card input data deck. Control statement seven define$
a new output tape file OUTPUTFILE wit~ a reel identification of SAVTP
and links FORTRAN logical unit number 03 with the output file. This out-
put file is optional and is required only if parameter ISW(S) equals "1".
The program is executed by control card eight which is illlmediately followed
by the card input data deck. The null statement at the end terminates
the job runstream.
Another example of the required control statements is shown for
use on a CDC 6500 Operating System:
ISCST, ,.
REQUEST,TAPE09,VRNaMETTP,HY.
REQUEST, TAPE03, VRN=SAVTP, RW, HY •.
ATTACH,ABSISCST,PROGFILE.
ABSISCST.
7/8/9 multipunchin card column one
Card input data deck
{ Optional, required only
if ISW(5) = 1.
6/7/8/9 multipunch in card column one
The first control statement identifies the job name as ISCST where other
parameters may be used if desired. The second control statement requests
an input tape where the assigned file name TAPE09 is· defined as an input
file and is linked'to FORTRAN logical unit number 9 by a CDC FORTRAN
program control card. This statement is required only if the hourly
meteorological data are not included in the card input data deck. Tne
third control statement requests an output tape where the assigned file
name TAPE03 is defined as an output file and is linked to FORTRAN logi-
cal unit number 3 by a CDC FORTRAN program control card. Tnis control
statement is required only if parameter ISW(5) equals "1". The fourth
control statement ~ccesses the permanent program file PROGFILE and assigns
3-38
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the local file name ABSISCST to the runstream. It is assumed that
PROGF!LE is an executable version of the. ISCST program. Th.e fifth. con-
trol. statement executes the ISCST program. An end-of-record follows
as indicated by the 7/8/9 multipunch tn column one~. whicl1 separates the
control statements fran the card input data deck. The 6/7/8/9 multi-·
punch tn column one terminates the: control statement runstream.
Regardless of the operating system~ the control statement run-
stream serves three primary functions. First, all necessary program,
input and output data files must be assigned or created. Second, FOR.T.RAN
logical unit: numbers must be associated with all data files so that the
ISCST program can reference. the data.files through the use of the logical
unit number parameters (IMET. and rtAP). Third, the ISCST program is
executed with an accompanying. card input data deck.
b.. Data Deck Setup. The-card. input data required by the
ISCST. program depends on the program. options desired by the user. The
card. input data may be partitioned into seven major groups of card input.
Figure 3-l illustrates the inPut deck ~etup •. · The ·seven card input deck
groups are itemized below:
(1) Title Card (l card)
(2) Program Control. Cards (2. cards)
(3) .· Receptor Cards
(4) Source Group Data Cards (option~, required only if
NGR.OUP > 0)
(5) Meteorological-Related and Model Constants Cards
(6.} Source Data Cards
(7) Hourly Meteorological Data Cards (optional, required
only if ISW(l9) "' 2)
An ~~ple card input data deck for the ISCST program is presented in
Appendix C. A description of the· input format and contents of each of
the seven card groups is provided below in Section 3.2.3.a.
3-39
'
··----~"---·----.......... ---·---~--~--------------------------~··---~-~-----
/ (7) Hourly Me.t. optional,
Data Cards
(3)
(6) Source Data
cards
1' (5) Met.•Belated
and Model
Constants Cards
(4) Source Group t--1.-.-.
Data Cards
Receptor cards t-""
(2) Program Control r--~
Cards
(l) ·Title. Card
,..
,.. required
only if
ISW(l9) • 2
optional,
required
only if
NGROUP > 0
FIGURE 3-l. Input data deck setup for the ISCST program.
3-40
[
r
r;
'[
.[-~
' _J
I ,
[
[
[
L
[
0
[
B
L
[
C'
[
[
c
[
[
[
c
[
c
0
c
b
L
3.2.3 Inpu~ Da~a Description
Section 3.1.2 provides a summary description of all input data
requirements of the ISCSt program. This section provides the user with
the forma~ and order m which the program requires the input data. The
input parameter names used in this section correspond to those used in
Section 3.1.2. two. forms. of input. data are read by the program. One
form is card image input. data (80 characters per record) in which all
required input data may be entered. The other form. is magnetic tape
which contains hourly meteorological data in a format generated by the
preprocessor program. Both forms are discussed below.
a. Card Input Requirements.. The ISCst program reads all
card image input data 1n a fixed-field format with. the use of FORTRAN
"A", "I",. "F" and "E" editing: codes.. The card. input data are partitioned
into seven. card groups which ar-e. discussed.; m Section· 3.2.2.b and shown
in Figure 3 ... 1. The input: parameters contained in Card Groups (2) and
(4) correspond. with those described in: category "a"" of Section 3.1.2.
Moreover, Card Groups (l) and (5) corresp~d: with categories "b" and "c",
Group (3) with category· "d", Group (6) with category "e" and Group (7)
with category "f". Tabla· 3-4-is a list of all card image input data
which may be entered. For each input parameter, Table 3-4 provides the
Card Group. (and the card number within the Card Group,. if possible),.
parameter name, card columns within which the value of the input parameter
must reside, FORTRAN editing ~ode.and.a·brief deseription which includes
default values or maximum values allowed, if applicable. The order in
which the input parameters are listed in Table 3-4 is the order in which
the IS CST program reads the input par-ameter-s. The user should note that
many card 'input parameters and even entire Card· Groups. are ignored or
not read by the program, depending on the options chosen by the user.
Card Groups (l) and (2) consist of a total of three cards.
Card Group (1) consists of one card and contains the parameter TITLE.
3-41
Card Group,
Card. Number
1
2, 1
2, 1 j
2t 1
2, 1
2, 1
' r-J .ITTJ
TABLE 3-4
ISCS'f PROGRAM CARD INPUT PARAMETERS, FORTRAN EDIT
CODE (FORMAT) AND DESCRIPTION
Parameter Card FORTRAN
Edit Code Name Columns {Format)
' . .
'l'I'fLE 1-60 15A4
ISW(1) 1-2 12
ISlH2) 3-4 12
isw(3) 5-6 12
IS\l{4) 7-8 12
ISW{5) 9-10 12
Description
60..;character beading label
1 = calculate concentration
2 a calculate. deposition
Default: assumes 1
1 = Cartesian coordinate receptor grid sys-
tem
2 ... polar coordinate receptor grtd system
3 ... program generates Cartesian coordinate
grid
4 ;:; prQgram gene~ates polar coordin~te grid
Default assumes 1
1 "' discrete receptors referenced with Car-
tesian coordinate system
2 = discrete receptQJ;'S referenced w!.th polar
coordinate system
Default assumes 1
0 = no receptor terrain elevations are input
1 = program reads receptor terrain elevations
Default assumes 0
0 = no output tape containing concentration
or deposition values is written
,-----,
J
' I.
.I
I
!
I
I
I
!
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
i
I
w
I
~
t,.)
Card Group,
Card Number
2, I
2, 1
2, 1
Parameter
Name
. ISW(S)
(Cont.)
ISW(6)
ISW(7)
ISW(8)
ISW(9)
ISW(lO)
Card
Column~
9-10
13-H
17-18
19-20
I
,....----,
l l u r"1'lll ,;:!1 .J
TA~LE 3-4 (Continued)
FORTRAN
Edit Code
·(Format)
12
12
12 .
12
Descriptioq
1 • o~~p~t tape containiqS conc$ntration or
4epo~ition v~lu~a is writteq to tape on
l9gica~ unit ITAP
Pefault ~ssumes 0
Q = no input data ~re prtnted
• = print all input dat~ except hourly met-
eorology data . .
2 = same as 1 but hourly meteorological data
are also printed · ·
Pefault assumes 0
() .. no 1-~our time pf:tr~ods
~ "" 1-Jlour average conceq~p~tion or total
deposition calcu~~t$d
P,Elfault assumes 0
Q a qo 2-hour time perioqs
1 "" 2-hour ~verage coqceqt~ation or total
.deposition calculated. ·
Default assumes 0 · ·
0 • no 3-hour time periods
1 "" 3-hour average concentration or total
deposition calculated
Default assumes 0
0 ~ no 4-hour time periods
1 = 4-hour average concentration or total
deposition calculated
Default assumes 0
TABLE 3-4 (Continued)
Card Group, Parameter Card FORTRAN
Edit Code Description Card Number Name Columns (Format)
2, 1 ISW(ll) 21-22 12 0 = no 6-hour ~ime periods
1 -6-hour average cori~entration or total
deposition calculated
Default assumes 0 I.
2. i ISW(12) 23-24 12. 0 • no 8-hour time periods l 1 = 8-houf average con~eqtration or total
deposition calculated I I Default assumes 0
2, 1 ISW(l3) 25-26 12 0 • no 12-hour time periods
1 • 12-hour average concentration or total
"""' deposition calculated I
-1!'-Default assumes 0 -1!'-
2; 1 ISW(l4) 27-28 I2 0 = no 24-hour time period
1 ... 24-hour average concentration or total
deposition calculated
Default assumes 0
2, 1 ISW(l5) 29-30 I2 0 "" print no 11N11 -day output tables
1 ... print 11 N11-day average concentration or
total deposition output tables
Default assumes 0
2, 1 ISW(l6) 31....:32 12 0 .. print no daily time period tables
1 "' print daily average concentration or
total deposition tables for each tlme
period and source group for each day
of meteorological data
Default assumes 0
'
'!
fard Group, Parameter
Card Nu!Jlber Name
2, 1 ISW(l7)
2. 1 I ISW(l8)
'
w
I .p..
'""
2, 1 ISW(l9)
2, 1 ISW(20)
2, 1 ISW(21) .
r.1 ... ----l . j
r---",
~ ' ' < ,)
TABLE 3-4 (Continued)
Card FORTRAN
Edit Code ' Deacripl:ioq Columns (Format)
33-34 12 0 ... print qo highest and second highest
tabl(!EI
l "" pr~~~ highest and ,econd highes~ aver-
~ge concentration or ~otal deposition
calculated at each ~eceptor for each
time period and source group
! Pefault ~ssumes 0
35-36 p 0. print no maxi~um 50 tables . .
, .... · J "' print the maximu~ 50 average concentra-
!·,· tion or total deposition values calcu-
; .. . lated for each ~ime period and source
·-gr~mp
'· D~fault assumes 0 ;
~7-38 l2 ., 1 • hourly meteorological data is read from
-logical unit IMET in a preprocessed for-
., mat
2 "' h~urly meteorological data. is read from
cards
Default assumes J
39-4Q 12 0 • Rural Mode Option
1 • Urban Mode-l Option
2 • Urban Mode-2 Option .
Default assumes 0
41-42 12 1 "" program provides default wind profile
exponent values
2 ... user enters 36 wind profile exponents
for 6 wind speed and 6 stability cate-
gories Jn Card Group 5 below
Card Croup,
Card Number
2, 1
2, 1
2, 1
Parameter
Name
ISW(Zl}
(Cont.}
ISW(22}
ISW(23}
ca~d
Columns
41-42
43-4/1
TABLE 3-4 (Continued}
FORTRAN
Edit Code
(Format
12
12
Description
' 3 ;::; user enter$ hourly wind profile exponents in
Card Group 1 below
. Default assumes 1 ·
1 = program provides default vertical potential
tempterature gradient vaiues .
2 = user enters 36 vertieal potential tempera-
ture gradients for 6 wind speed and 6 sta-
bility categories ·
3 = user enters hourly vertical potential tem-
perature gradf:ents in Card Group 7· -below "
Default assumes 1
0 = emission rates for all sources do not vary
1 = emission rates vary seasonally for all
sources
2 = emission rates vary monthly for all sources
3 = emission.rates vary each hour per day for
all sources
4 = emission rates va-,:y by wind speed and sta-
bility category for all sources
5 = en1ission rates vary sE!asonally and each
hour per day
Default assumes 0. A :~fero value entered for
this parameter allows the user to vary enais-
sion rtltes for individual sources by the use
of input parameter QFJ.G
~-----------L---------~------~--~--~-------------------------------------------
" LL.J r----'1 l J
·.,..--,.
l I .
II
TABLE 3-4 (ConUnued)
Card Group, P~rameter Card FORT RAW
~dit Code l>etJcriptioJ1 Card Number-· Name Columns (Format)
2, 1 ISW(24) 41-48 u· 1 ~ ~rogr~~ uses tinal plume rise for all re-
ceptor locations
· 2 ~ program computes plume ris~ as a function
pf the receptor location
· P~taul~ assumes 1
2, 1 lSW(25) 49-50 l2 l ~ physical stack heights ar~ pot modified
' to account for downwash
i 2 ~ phys~cal stack heights are m~dified to : account for stack downwash r
; J)~fauH ~sumes 1 . '
' '
t..l
I 2, 2 ., NSOURC* 1-6 16 .~ber of sources ~ , . .....
2. 2 . ~ NXPNTfi* 7-l2 l6 ~J.DQer qf grtq points in the x-~xis or number
! ' • of .-,:anges (rings) for the receptor grid. A
l · 21e.ro va+ue imJ,l:J.ies no receptor ~r~d-I '
"
I 2, 2 NYPNTS* 13-18 16 NuJDber of grid points in the Y-axis or number
1
ofdirection radials for the receptor grid.
A zero value implies no receptor grid
2, 2 NXWYPT* 19-24 16 Number of discrete receptor points. A zero
value implies no discrete receptor points
*See Equation (3-1) for the maximum value allowed by the program for this input parameter
' l
r---
''
Card Group,
Card Number
2, 2
2, 2
2, 2
2, 2
3, 1
Parameter
Name
NGROUP
IPERD
NUOURS
NDAYS
GRID X
Card
Columns
25-30
31-36
37-42
43-46
1-80
TABLE 3-4 (Continued)
FORTJtA,N
Edit coc.le
(Format)
16
16
16
16
8F10.0
Description
Number of source group combinations. A zero
value assumes one source group which consists
of all sources. Maximum number = 150
Print i'N"th time interval only for all time
periods specified for daily table output.
Enter "N" in this parameter. Pefault assumes
ail intervals for eaclt desired time period
are printed. This parameter is ignored if
ISW(l6) = 0
Enter number of hours per day of meteorologi-
cal data. This parameter is ignored if ISW(l9)
'= 1
Enter number of days of meteorological data.
This parameter is ignored if ISW(19) = 1
This parameter is not read if NXPNTS or NYPNTS
equals 0. Enter NXPNTS X-axis (ISW(2) = 1) or
NXPNTS range (ISW(2) = 2 or 4) receptor grid
locations (meters). If ISW(2) = 3, enter the
~------------·~----------~--------~--------~----------------------------~~--------------~
~ l. JJ
I
Card Group,
Card Number
3, 1
3, 2
3, 3
3, 4
Parameter
Name·
GRIDX
(Cont.)
GRlDY
XDIS
YDIS
Carq
Columns
~-80
l-80
1-80
TABLE 3-4 (Continued)
FORTAAN
Eqit C. od~
(FOl108tJ
8fJO.O
8.VlQ.9
8Fl0.0
8FIO.O
Description
. ~tarting X.,-axi~ ~r:J.d local:ion in columns 1-10
·. an4 t~e incremental-value in colu~ns ll-20
(m~te}:'s).
'This pa~~~~er is pot read if ijKPNTS of wYPNTS
, eq~ala · (). Enter N¥fNTS T-axis (ISJ-1(2) ... 1)
-.:-ecep!=of s~t~ locat:t.ona (met~ara) of NY~NTS
direc~ion T~dial (ISW(2) • 2) locations in
· :Jnt~g~t: qegrees with:J,n t}le ra,nge of 1 to 360
degreeq, · If ISW (2) "" 3, ~nt.:er · t.:lte a taTting
·x~s griq location (meters) :f.n columns J-10
and tlte ~ncremental value in columns ll-20
(meters)r If ISW(2) a 4, eqte~ t.:he starting
dit:ection t:adial location in columns 1-10 ·
and the incr~mental.value in columns i1-20.
J,!:nter vall!e8 which generate. integer. directions
· witltin the range of 1 to 360 degrees.
Thi~ pafameter is not read if NXWYPT = 0.
Entet: NXW¥PT X (ISW(3) = l) or t:ange ISW(J)
~ 2) disct:e~e receptor locations (meters).
TI1ia parameter is not read if NXWYPT = 0.
Enter NXWYPT discrete Y receptor locations
Card Group,
Card Number
3, 4
3, 5
Parameter
Name
YDIS
(Cont.)
GRIDZ
NSOGRP
··Card
Columns
1-80
1-80
1-80
TABLE 3-4 (Co.ntinued)
J!'ORTRAN
Edit Code
(Format)
8F10.0
8Fl0.0
2014
Description
in meters (ISW(3) • 1) or NXWYPT discrete di-
rection receptor locations in integer degree
values (ISW(3) .. 2) within the range of 1 to
360. degrees.
This parameter, ~hlch is 8!l array defining
receptor elevati.ons ( feet· MSL), is not read
if ISW(4) • 0. For the regular receptor grid
(if any), r~ceptor elevation Zij corresponds
to the ith X coordinate (range) and jth Y co-
ordinate (direct.ion radial). Begin with Zn
. and enter NXPNTS values (Zll• Z2l' Z31• ••• ).
Then, starting with a new card image, enter
NXPNTS values (Zl2, Z22• Z32• ••• ). Continue
until all regular receptor elevations have
been entered. For the .discrete receptor loca-
tions (if any), enter NXWYPT elevation values,
beginning with a new card image, in the order
the discrete receptor locations were entered
in XDIS and YDIS.
Enter the number of source identification num-
bers required to define a source group for
each source group combination. Enter NGROUP
values. A maximum of 150 values may be en-
tered.
!
)'
... r-:
'l ;
J
C":j I::'Jj c-:::1 . IITC'J
w
I
ln
t-'
:
'
Card Group,
Card Number
4*, 2
s. 7-12
5, 13
5, 13
.Parameter
Name
IDS OR
P.DEF
. ~·
;
PTHDEJi'
ZR
UCATS
Card
Columns
1-78
~-tiQ
1-60 . ' ~
1-10
11-60
r--J ... n . n .. r--:1
TABLE 3~4 (Continued)
FORTRAN
Ed;J.t Co<te
(Format)
1316
··:
6F10,'0~ .. . .. . ·· ;.
i'''·
~ : '
6F10.0 ··'· .
5F10.0
Pescription
Enter the source iden~ification numbert~ used
to define a source group for each source
group combination, 4 mirius sign preceding a
source identification number implies inclu-
s;J.ve summing from the previous source number
entered to the source number wi~h the minus
sign< ·A maximum of 200 values may be
entered~
. Th~s P!ilrameter is read oply if. ISW (2 D = 2 •
~nt~r 36 w~nd profil~ ~x.popents~ For each
9f ~he s~x Pasquill ~ta~;J.li~y ca~egories,
enter ~ values per card for each of the 6
wind speed categories,
This parameter is read only if ISN(22) = 2.
Enter· 36 vertical potential temperature grad-
ients (degrees l{elvin/meter). For el;lch of
the.six Pasquill stability categories, enter
6 values per card for each of the 6 wind
speed categories.
Enter the wind speed reference height z1
(meters). Default assumes 10.0 meters.
Enter the upper bound of the first through
fifth wind speed categories (meters/second).
Default assumes 1.54, 3.09, 5.14, 8.23 and
10.8 meters per second.
*This card group is not read if parameter ~GROUP equals 0.
i
!
Card Group,
Card Number
5, 14
5, 14
5, 14
5, 14
5, 14
5, 14
5. 14
Parameter
Name
TK'
BETA1
BETA2
DECAY
IQUN
ICIIIUN
IMET
Card
Columns
1-8
9-16
17-24
25-32
33-44
45-72
73-711
TABLE 3-4 (Continued)
J.t'ORTRAN
~dit Code
(F'ormat)
E8.0
F8.0
F8.0
F8.0
JA4
7A4
12
Description
Enter the source emission rate conversion fac-
tor in order to convert the emission rate units.
Default assumes 1.0 x 10 6 for concentration and
1.0 for deposition.
Enter the adiabatic entrainment coefficient.
Default assumes 0.6 (Briggs; ~975),
Enter the stable entrainment coefficient.
Default assumes 0.6 (Brig~s. 1975),
This parameter is ignored if ISW(l9) = 2.
Enter the decay coefficient (seconds-1) for
chemical depletion of a pollutant. Default
assumes no decay.
A 12-character label identifying the emission
rate units of all sources. Default assumes
(grams/second) for concentration and (grams)
for deposition. Units of per square meter are
automatically included for area sources,
A 28-character label identifying the units of
concentration or deposition.· Default assumes
(micrograms/cubic meter) for concentration
and (grams/square meter) for deposition.
FORTRAN logical unit number of hourly meteoro-
logical data. Default assumes "9" if ISW(19)
= 1 and 11 511 (or current read unit) if ISW(19)
. = 2.
Tl
!
i i'
l
I
I
I
i
w
I
ln w
Card Group.
Card Number
5, 14
5, 15-l9 '
5, 20
5, 20
5, 20
Parameter
N;;une
!TAP
!DAY
ISS
IUS
I'
TABLE 3-4 (Continued)
FORTRAN. Card EdH Code
Columns, (Format)
75~76 :p
7-P ~6
'13-18 16
Descript:f,on
VORrRAN lpgical unit number af concentration
or depo~ition output tape. Default assumes
"3'' ~
Th~s parameter ~s no~ read if.ISW(19) a 2.
rhia parameter consists 9t an array of 366
ent~ies where each en~ry C!)fresponds to the
36~ Julian Days ifl a yea~, An entry set to.
''1 11 indicates that the corresponding Julian
Day ~ill be processed by the program. For
~ample, ~f lDAY(l40) -, 1 then Julian D.ay 140
w~ll be processed by the pro~ram, Default
assumes 0 for all'days.
This parameter is not read if ISW(l9) a 2.
Enter the surface station number af the
ho~rly met~orological data~ T}lis number must
match the station number ~ead from the mete-
orological tape.
This parameter is not read if ISW(19) a 2.
Enter· the year (last two digits only) of the
surface station meteorological data. The
year must matoh the correspond!ng year read
from themeteorolog:J.cal t:ape,
This parameter is not read if ISW(19) = 2.
Enter the upper ai.r statioq number of the
hourly meteorological data. The number must:
match the station number read from the mete-
L_ orological tape.
------~------~--~~--~------------------------~
r-:-::
w
I
VI
""'"
ITJ c:T:
Card Group,
Card Number
5, 20
6, 1*
6, 1*
6, 1*
6, 1*
6, 1*
Paratneter
Name
IUY
NSO
I TYPE
WAKE
NVS
QFI.G
Card
Columns
19-24
1-5
6
1
8-9
10
TABLE 3-lt (Continued)
FORTRAN
~dit ·Code
(Format)
16
15
11
11
t2
11
Description
This par~meter is not read if ISW(19) = 2.
Enter the year (last two digits only) of the
upper air station meteorological data. The
year must match the corresponding year read
from the meteorological tape.
Ent~r a unique source identification number
for the problem run, Must be a positive
integer.
0 = stack-type source
1 = volume~type source
2 = area-type source
This parameter pertains only to stack~type
sources with building wake effects. If 0 is
entered or left blank, an 11 upper bound 11 con-
centration or deposition is calculated. If 1
is entered, a nlower bound" concentration or
deposition is calculated (see Section 2.4.1,1.d).
Enter the number of gravitational settling cat-
egories, Maximum number allowed ... 20, Default
assumes 0,
This parameter is ignored if JSW(23} > 0.
Enter emission rate variation indicator. See
input parameter ISW(23) for options. Default
assumes o.
-------------~----------~---------~-------J---------------------------------------------~
*Thls card is repeated for each source (NSOURC times).
-r:~ DC"] Dl r:-J r::=-J rTJ r--l r"'"l c-.1 c--l r--~ c-l :lll c-r-J r-J
i
I
I
I
'l !
w
I
lll
lll
~-
Card Gr'oup, .. Parameter
Card Number Name
6, 1~ Q
'
6, 1* xs '
'
6, 1* YS i
'
6, 1* zs
' .
I
6, 1* HS
;
6, 1* TS
-~-
i
f
TABLE 3-4 (Continued)
Card
Colum~a,
H-1~
l
19-25 .
26-32
33-38.
;
~9-44
45-50
FORTRAN
Edit Code
(Form~~)
FB.G
F7.Q
"
'
•.
F7.0 : . •;,
;
¥6~Q·
Fq.O
'
F6.0
~~t~~ emissio~ ra~~. fa~ concentration and
~ype 0 and ·1 sources, pn,i~s are ~ass per
t~e and for type 2 sources, units are mass
per square meter per time~ ·For deposition
and type 0 and 1 sources• units are in mass
and for type 2 source.~,tnit~:~ are in mass per
s~uare JBe~e~.
X-coordinaJ:e (east-west loc~tion) in meters
of tqe center of a stack or volume source·and
the southwest corner of an area source.
Y-coordinate (north-south location)in meters of the center of a' st~ck' or volume source and
t:he southwest corner of all area source.
~levation of t~e source 4~ the source base
(meters above mean sea l~vel). . .
En~er source height (meters), For type 0
sources, enter stack height; for type 1
~ources, enter height: ~t th~ cent~r of the
volume source; for type ~ sources, enter
the effective emission height.
For type 0 sources, enter ~he stack exit
temperature (degrees Kelvin); for type 1
sources, enter the initial vertical dimen-
sion a in meters. zo
*This card is repeated for each source (NSOURC tin1es),
L. J
w
I
VI
0\
Card Group,
Card Number
6, 1*
6, 1*
6, 1*
6' l*
6, 1*
6, 2*
Parameler
Name
.vs
D
liB~*
IlL**
Hw**
Pill
Card
Columns
51-56
57-62
63-68
69-74
75-80
1-80
TABLE 3-lt (Continued)·
FORTRAN
Edit Code
(Format)
F6.0
F6.0
F6.0
Description
For type 0 sources, enter the stack exit
velocity (meters per second); for type 1
sources, enter the initial horizontal dim-
ension Oyo in meters; for type 2 sources,
enter the width (meters) of a square area
source.
For type 0 sources, enter the inner stack
diameter (meters).
For type O.sot.irces, enter the height (meters)
of a building adjaeent to thiS stack source.
F6.0 ·· ·For type 0 sources, enter the length (meters)
of a building adjacent to this·stack source.
F6.0 For type 0 sources, ~nter the width (meters)
of a building adjacent to this stack source.
8F10.0 This parameter is not read if NVS equals
zero from card 1 for a given source.. Enter
the mass fraction of particulates for each
gravitational settling category. En~er NVS
values.
L-------------~L----------L--------~-------L-------------------------------------------
*Thls card is replllateJ for each source (NSOURC times).
**lf non-zero values are entered for parameters un or IlL and IIW, the program automatically uses the
bulltllng wake effects option (see Section 2.4.l.l.d). However, if liB, IlL, and IIW are not punched
or are equal to "o," wake effects for Lhe respective source are not considered.
CTI rn
Card Group, Parameter Card
Card Number Name columns
6, 3* VSN 1-80
GAMMA ' ~-8Q
6, 5** QTK l-80
TAB~E 3~4 (Continued)
FORTRAN
Edit Code
· (Format)
8Fl0.0
Description
~his parameter is not read if NVS equals zero
from card 1 for a given soQrce. . Enter the grav-
itat:J.oqal settling velocU:y (Jileters per second)
for each gravitational settl~ng category. Enter
NVS values.
8fHl, ()' Tpis para~eter is not rea4 :t.f NVS equals zero
·· ~rom card 1 for a given ~ource, Enter the sur-
·face ~eflection coeff:lcient for each gravita-
):iopal settling c,ategory. E~ter NVS values.
·Enter the source emission rate scalars in a man-
-h~r dependipg on the value of lSW(23) or QFLG
·.(whichever parameter is appl:lcable). If ISW(23)
,or QFLG "' 1 enter 4 seasonal scalars in the
·~rder of w~nter, spring, summer and fall (1
.card); if ~"~ 2, enter twelve monthly scalar~
begipning with January and ending with December
(2 cards); if~ ~. enter 24 scalarq for each
·pour of the day (3 cards); H • 4, enter 6
scalars per card for each wind speed category
and 6 cards for each of the ~ix Pasquill stabil-
ity categories (A-F) (6 cards); and if= 5,
enter 24 hourly scalars for each of the four
seasons (12 cards).
*This card is repeated for each source (NSOUllC till)es).
**This card is not read if ISW(23) = 0 and QFLG "" 0 for all sources. Otherwise if ISW(23) > 0 then
this card is read once; if ISW(23) .. 0, this card is read for each source for which QFLG > 0.
m---'\1.,.,,,' ,,,.
Card Group,
Card Number
7* t 1**
7* t 1**
7* J 1**
Parameter
Name
JDAY
AFV
IS'l'
Card
Columns
6-a
9-16
56
TABU~ 3-'• (Continued)
FORTRAN
Edit Code
(Format)
I3
F8.0
I1
Descr:lptlon
Enter the Julian Day of this day of hourly
meteorological data. This is used to com-
pute the season or month if required for
any sources which have variational emission
rates.
Enter the direction (degrees) toward which
the wind is blowing. This value is alsp
used as t;.he random wind flow vector by the
model.
Enter the mean wind speed (meters per second)
measured at reference height z1•
Enter the height of the top of the surface
mixing layer (meters).
Enter the ambient air temperature (degrees
Kelvin).
This parameter is read o~ly if ISW(22) = 3.
Enter the vertical potential temperature
gradient (degrees Kelvin per meter).
Enter the Pasquill stability category (.l =
A, 2 = D, 3 = C, etc.)
*This card group is not read if ISW(19) .,. 1. If ISW(19) "" 2, this card group is repeated NDAYS
times.
**This card is repeated for each hour of the day (NliOURS times).
CITJ. rr:-::J r:--:r1 -·-··. ,_ .. ,,J
.~
L ", J
TABLE 3~4 (Continued)
Card Group. Parameter Card FORTRAN
Edit Code D!=SCri~Uop. Card ~umber Name Columns · (F~·rmat)
1*. 1** p 57-64 F8,0 ·Th:is parameter is read only H lS\H21) = 3.
Enter the ~in4 ~rofile ~xpon~nt~
1*, l** DECAY 65-72 F~~o Enter the ~ecay coefficient (s~conda-1) for
chemical removal of a ·pollutant for .th:is
taoqr .. Default assumes no d~cay. This
value overrides any valu~ en~ered. in llaram-
eter DECAY in Card Group 5~
~This caret grou~ is not read if lSW(l9) • 1, If ~SW(J9) • 2, th:is card group is repeated NDAYS
times~ ...,
J. .**This card is repeated for each hotJr pf tpe 4ay.(NUOURS times).
4.0
~ ~ . . . . . . . -
·.:~:; -:.:·:: ..
···-····--···· -·-~ ·-----------······-··----·--··-······-----····· -------------···----·--··-····
Card Group (2) consists of the "ISW" array which contains most of t:he pro-
gram's control or specification parameters. Also contained in Card Group
(2) are parameters which specify the number of sources (NSOURC), the size
of the receptor grid (NXP~~S and N!PNTS), the number of discrete receptors
(h"XWYP.T) and the number of source group combi.nations (NGROUP). The maxi-
mum number of sources and receptors is not limited to individual param-
eters but is a function of four parameters. 'lb.is function can be described
as
where
I...IMIT > NPN'!S • (NAVG • NGitOUP + 2) + NXPNTS + NYPNTS
+ 2 • NXW!PT + 215 • NSOURC + A + B + C
NSOURC • number of input sources (see card columns 1-6
of the second card of Card Group (2))
NXPNTS = number of X points or ranges in the receptor
grid (see card columns 7-12 of the second card
of Card'Group (2))
NYPNTS = number of Y points or direction radials in
the receptor.grid (see card columns 13-18 of
the second card of Card Group (2))
NXWYPT = number of discrete receptors (see card columns
19-24 of the second card of Card Group (2))
NPNTS = NXPNTS • NYP~"TS + ~"XWYPT (total number of recep-
tors)
(3-1) .
NAVG = number of time periods. . This equals the number
of time period parameters (ISW(7) through ISW(l4)
in the first card of Card Group (2)) set to "1"
3-60
[
[
-.r
['
[
[
r
l=
[
c
8
c
c
[j
u ""
L
['
[:
6
[
c
r. Li
c
E
fl_ ld·
u
t .
.
_.
L
L
and
NGROUP • numbe~ of source group combinations (see card
columns 25-30 of the second card of Card Group
(2))~ For the purpose of computing the required
data storage for a.problem run, assume NGROUP
equals "1" in Equation (3-1) if NGROUP equals "O"
in Card Group (2)
A •· NPNTS ._ NGROUP· if ISW(lS) equals "1" in the first
card of Card Group (2); othenri.se A equals "011
B a 4 ... NAVG .. NPNTS •· .NGROUP if· ISW(17) equals "1"
in the first card of Card Group (2); otherwise B
equals "0"
C. • 201 • NAVG • NGROUP if ISW(18) equals "1" in the
first card of Card Group (2) ; otherwise C equals "O"
tiMtr' ·•· ;: 43 ,soo~ Th:i.s· t.s: the. C:urrent data storage alloca-
tion. of. the program: (consult Section 3 .2 •. 1 for
modification. of this value) .
Card Group (3) consists of parameters. which contain the recep-
tor location information:.. If the user. chooses not to define a receptor
grid (either NXENTS or NYPNTS • "O"), the program does not read parameters
GRIDX and GRIDY~ Likewise, parameters XDIS .and YDIS are not read by the
program· if the user chooses not to specify any discrete receptors (NXtVYPT
. .
•"0") • · All receptor location values are entered in a continuous manner
with a values per.card fmage.in fields of 10 columns. Begin a new card
image for each parameter input (GRIDX', GRIDY, XDIS and YDIS). Similarly,
all receptor terrain elevations are entered into parameter GRIDZ (if .
ISW(4) eqUals "l" in Card GJ;oup (2)), with a values per card in 10 column-
wide fieldS. A new card image is. started, though, for each set of X-axis
(range) locations entered per Y-axis point (radial). This format is
described in Table 3-4 and Section 3.1.2.d.
3-61
Card Group (4) contains the parameters which define what
sources cons~tute each source group combination. This Card Group is
not read by the program if NGROUP equals "O" in the second card of Group
(2). Parameter·NsOGRP reads up to 20 integer values per card in 4-
column fields. Parameter IDSOR reads up to 13 integer values per card
in 6-column fields. ·
Card Group (5) consists of meteorological-related parameters
which remain constant once they are set, and identification labels and
model constants. The first parameter in this Card Group (PDEF) consists
of six cards, and is . read by the program only if ISW (21) equals "2" in Card
Group· (2). Likewise, the second parameter :(DTHDEF) consists of six cards,
and read by the program only if ISW(22) equals "2''. The following two
cards (cards l3 and 14) are read by the program and contain parameters
which have program-provided default values as indicated in Table .3-4. The
user should note.that the default values of the units conversion factor
(TK), the units label for source emission rates (IQUN) and the units
label for concentration or deposition (ICHIUN) are compatible. That is,
the default mass units of the source emission rates (grams) is scaled
by the default conversion value which is compatible with the default mass
units of concentration (micrograms) or deposition (grams). Cards 15
through 19 in this Card Group consist of the IDAY parameter. IDAY is
not read by the program if ISW(l9) equals "2" in Card Group (2). This·
parameter is an array where each column on the SO-column card image for
each card represents a Julian Day. For example, to indicate that
Julian Day 140 of the hourly meteorological data is to be processed by
the program, IDAY(l40) is set to "1" which is column 60 of the second
card of the IDAY parameter. The remaining parameters consist of one
card (the 20th possible card-of this Card Group) and are not read if
IS"w(l9) equals "2" in Card Group (2).
Card Group (6) contains all source data parameters. Except for
the last parameter (card 5) in this Card Group (QTK), this Card Group
is repeated for each source input (NSOURC times). The first card of this
3-62
[
[
h
C;-
:
[·
r
L·
[
E
0
[
-. ~-. ··-·
Card Group consists of the principal parameters used to define the char-
acteristics of a source. Cards 2 to 4 pertain to the gravitational settl-
ing categories of particulates (parameters PHI. VSN and ~) and are
read by the program only when parameter NVS in columns 8-9 of the first
card is greater than "O" for a·. given source. If. NVS is greater than non,
cards 2 to 4 are read immediately following the first source card for
which NVS is greater than "O'".. It should be noted that cards 2 to 4 of thi.s
Card Group may actually consist· of more than 3 cards. That is, if NVS is
. . -·
greater than "8", the program will read more than one card for each of
the three settling cat~gory parameters (PHI,. VSN and GAMMA). Hence,
depending on the value of NVS, the program reads no cards, 3 cards, 6
cards or 9 cards for parameters PHI, VSN and GAMMA. After the first
through fourth cards are read for all. sources, card 5 (consisting of the
source emission rate scalar array (QTK.)) is read provided one of two
options is exercised by the user. That. :i.s,. either: ISll(23) is greater'~than
"0" in Card Group (2) or any· number· of· the QFLG parameter in card 1 of
this-Card Group are5 greater: thali "0"' for' all illput sources. If both
ISW(23) and QFI.G' are equal.~ t~-. "O't for all source~, .card 5 of this Card
Group is not· read by·: the program.. ·. If ISW(23} is. greater .than "O", card
5 is read once and contains-the source emission rate scalars for ,ill.
sourceS'. Also,. the. QFLG parameter in card. 1 of . this Card Group is ignored
for· all input sources. If ISW(23) equa.l.S' "O", 'card 5 is repeated each
time a QFLG. parameter .is greater than. "O" for a source. The source emission
rate scalars contained in card 5 of this Card Group allow ·the ·user to ·
vary emission rates as a )!unction of season*,· month*, hour of the day'
wind speed and Pasquil! stability category, or· season atid hour of the
day. As mentioned in. the descriptions of parameter QTK in Table 3-4 and
Section 3.1.2.e, the value of ISW(23) or QFLG (whichever is ·applicable)
governs the number and manne.l:.. in which. the. source emission rate sca.l.8.rs
are entered into parameter QTK:. · If ISW(23) ·(or QFLG) equals "1" ;~ QTK
.""'
*The program determines the season or month based. on the Julian Day ur
month value read from the. hourly meteorological data. Consult Table
3-5 for the conversion used by the program of Julian Day to month or
season, and month to season. · ·. · .. , __ -;
' 3-63
' . . ' " '. -·" -,_ ~,-, ,
Reproduced froln !
best available ,co~y. j
,,,
111ou~r
Jan • I feb • 2 Har'• 1
I I I l2 I ,,
2 2 2 )) 2 62
1 1 1 14 1 61
4 4 4 1S 4 64
5 5 5 )6 5 65
6 6 6 l1 6 66
1 1 1 18 1 61
8 8 8 19 8 68
9 9 !I 40 9 6!1
10 10 10 41 10 10
II II II u II 1i
12 12 12 43 12 12
ll ll I I 44 ll 1l
14 14 14 ,, 14 14
15 u n 46 IS 1S
16 16 IIi 41 16 76
11 11 11 48 11 11
18 18 18 49 18 78
19 19 19 so 19 79
20 20 20 " 20 80
21 21 21 S2 21 81
22 22 22 Sl 22 82
21 21 21 S4 2l 81
24 24 24 55 24 84
25 25 2S 56 2S as
26 26 2. SJ 26 86
2l 2J 2J 51 27 81
21 21 28 S!l 21 88
29 29 29 60 29 8!1
10 10 lO '10
ll ll ll !II
-'-"
'fABLE 3-5
JULIAN DAY 1'0 MONTH/SEASON OR MONTH TO SEASON
CONVERSION CIIART FOR LEAP YEARS*
Sprln11 sU..er
Apr • 4 . Hay • S Jun • 6 Jul • 1 ,.... • 8 Sep • 9
I 92 I l22 I IU I 1111 I 214 I 24!
i 91 2 12) 2 154 2 1114 2 21J 2 246
) 9~ 1 124 i 155 ) 185 ) 216 l 241
4 95 4 125 4 Ul> 4 I lib 4 217 4 248
5 96 5 121> '~ I Sl s 1117 s 218 5 249
6 97 " Ill " iSII 6 188 , 219 II 250
1 98 1 128 1 IS'J 1 189 1 220 1 251
B 99 B i2ll II 1110 8 190 II 221 II n2
9 100 9 uo 9. 161 'I llfl 9 2l2 9 2H
10 101 10 Ill 10 11>2 IU 19~ 10 221 to 254
li io2 ll IJ2 il lbJ II I'JJ II . 224 il 255
12 101 12 in 12 164 1:! 194 i2 ' 225 12 U6
ll 104 I! IJ4 II 165 I) 1!15 II ;t!Ct IJ . l'>l
14 IO~ 14 II\ 14 '"" 14 191! ••• :!2:' 14 ' 2\11
I> 4116 is lib IS 11>7 15 1117 , I} !!d IS ZS'I
16 tin 16 in 11.1 16U lb 1~11 '" 2211 lb :!1>0
11 108 l1 ll8 u lu9 II I !Ill I i 2JO I? 261'
18 109 18 !)9 Ill 110 18 200 Ill ~~~ Ill :!b.!
19 110 19 140 19 Ill Ill 201 19 2l2 Ill !in
20 Ill 20 141 20 112 20 202 20 U'l 20 264
21 112 21 142 21 Ill 21 :.101 21 2)~ 21 2b\
22 Ill 22 141 22 114 22 204 22 2l5 2J 2b6
21 114 2l 144 21 us 2l 205 21 216 2l :u,;
24 liS 24 i4s 24 116 24 206 24 217 24 2b8
2S 116 2S 146 2S 111 25 207 2S. 218 lS .!t.'l
26 117 26 i41 26 i78 26 208 26 2)9 26 2;0
21 118 27 148 21 i79 21 209 21 240 21 271
28 119 28 149 28 180 28 210 28 241 21i 21:!
29 120 29 150 29 181 29 211 2!1 242 2!1 2iJ
lO 121 lO 151 lO 182 10 212 10 243 JO 214
)I U2 'JI 21) ll 244
AU tWill Winter
Oct • 10 llov • II llec • 12
I %15 I )06 I Jl6
2 276 2 )07 2 ))1
l 211 :) lOll l ))8
4 2111 4 )09 4 ))9
5 279 s 110 J )40
6 280 6 )II 6 141
1 281 1 )12 1 142
8 282 8 )I) 8 14)
9 281 9 , U4 9 144
10 284 10 115 10 145
II 28) II lib II 146
12 286 12 111 12 147
ll 2117 IJ 118 ll 148
14 2118 14 ll!l 14 J49
·~ 289 IS 120 n JSU
lb 2!10 lb 121 lb )51
17 291 11 122 ll' 152
I If 291 Ill J2J Ill Ul
I !I 29J 19 124 I !I 1~4
20 2g4 20 )2~ 20 1~S
~· 29~ 21 l26 21 J56
!:! 2~6 22 l27 22 n1
u 2'17 21 128 21 H8
l!t 2~8 24 ' 129 24 )59
.!i !!I'J 25 no 25 )60
21> JOO :.16 Ill 26 )Ill .. •' 101 21 H2 27 162
211 J02 211 HJ 211 .161
29 lUI 29 114 29 164
'JO 104 10 us 10 li>S
II JOS II lb6
•For non-leap years, subtract 1 from Julian Day numbers corresponding to calendar days after Febru-
ary 28 •
..
,-----,
l
. '
I
!
i
[~
b
c
[,
[
[,.
c
[
[
[
0
c
E
o ..
contains 4 seasonal scalars in the order of Winter, Spring. Summer and
Fall (1 card). If ISW(23) (or QFLG) equals "2" ,. enter 12 monthly scalars
beginning with January and ending with December (2 cards). If ISw(23)
· (or QFLG) equals "3", enter 24 scalars for each hour of the day· beginning
wi.th hour 1 and ending with hour 24 (3 cards). If ISw(23) (or QFLG)
equals n4n, enter· 6 scalars per: card. for each. wind speed category (1 to
6) and 6 cards for each. of the· six. Pasqu:Lll. stability categories (A to
F) for: a total. of 36 scalars> (6· cards).. If ISW(23) (or QFLG) equals
"5" ,. enter 24-hourly scalars for each hour and 4 sets for each season
(12 cards). Hence, card 5 of this, Card Group may actually consist of
more than one card depending on the. value of ISW(23) (or QFLG).
Card Group (7) contains the hourly meteorological. data param-
eters. 'Ibis. Card. Group is not read if ISW(l9) equals "1"; instead all
hourly meteorologi-cal.. data are. read:. f.rom~ an:o:input. tape, described in the
following paragraph. (Section. 3.Z.3.b). · 'l:b.is. Card: Group· is, repeated for
each. day of. meteorological .. data to. be·. pro.cessed. (NDAYS times). AJ.l..
meteorological data. parameters· are, contained on 0ne card. image which is
read for each. hour: per day of. meteorologicS.l. data (NRO'ORS times).
b-Tape Input· Requ:Lrements:,. . The ISCST program accepts
an input tape fUe of· hourly· meteorological data in a format generated
by the preprocessor program. (see Appendix. G)·. Although an input tape
file is optional, most. problem run cases·· call. for hourly meteorological
data contained in this format.. If input parameter ISW(19) equals "1",
the program reads hourly meteorology from an input tape fUe. If ISW(19)
equals "2", the program reads hourly meteorological data in a card image
format,· requ:Lring ·no input. tape fUe. The program reads the input tape
fUe from the FOR'l'B.AN logical unit· number specified in parameter IMET • ..
The user is required. to assign the input meteorological tape and associ-
ate the same logical uni.t nl.Diiber as specified by nt:E'!' to the input tape
.(see Section 3. 2. 2.a). The· user must also. provide the surface station
number and year, and the upper air station number and year which are
specified in parameters· ISS," ISY, IUS and ItlY ,. respectively.. The user
does not need to kn~ the specific format of the hourly meteorological
3-65
-------------····------·-· --------·--· ---·----------·-·--·--·------
data contained in the input tape file. For a description of the specific
format of the input tape file, the reader is referred to Section G.S of
Appendix G.
3.2.4 Program Output Data Description
The ISCST program generates several categories of printed out-
put and an optional output tape file. The following paragraphs describe
the format and content of both forms of program output.
a. Printed Output. The ISCST program generates five cat-
· egories of printed output, four of which are tables of average concentra-
tion or total deposition values. All five categories of printed output
are optional to the user. That is, the user must indicate which categories
are desired to be printed for a particular problem run. The five cate-
gories are:
•
..
Input Data (Card and Tape) Listing
Daily Calculated Average Concentration or Total Deposi-
tion Tables
• "N"-Day Calculated Average Concentration or Total Depo-
sition Tables
• -Highest and Second Highest Calculated Average Concentra-
tion or Total Deposition Tables
• Maximum 50 Calculated Average Concentration or Total
Deposition Tables
The first line of each page of printed output is a heading used to iden-
tify the problem run (see input parameter TITLE in Section 3.2.3.a).
3-66
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
0
c
E
--C
n
[
~
[
L
[
L
[
[
[
E
c
c
6 .
~· ..
u
D
u
[
The user may list all input. data parameters used by the program
for a particular problem run. If input. parameter ISW(6) equals "l"
(discussed in Section 3. 2. 3.a), the program lists all program control
parameters, meteorological-related constants and identification labels,
receptor data and source data. Fi~e ~2 is an illustration of the
content and format of. an input. data listing for. a typical problem run.
The first page of the input data listing· mostly consists of the program
control parameter· values,. number of input sources and number of receptors.
The second and third pages· are a. listing of meteorological-related
constants such as the· Julian. Days to be processed by the program (printed
only if ISW(l9) equals "1"), wind speed categories, wind: profile exponents
and vert_ical potent~ temperature gradients. Also included are the
locations of. the receptor grid and discrete receptors. If receptor
terrain elevations ara input (ISW(4) equals "1"), a listing· of the
receptor ele-vations for all receptors is produced (not shown). The
follow.:Lng page is-a listing. of source-. data. parameters for all sources.
Subsequent~ pages related to the input:. sourcea,_may be: printed. if NVS or
QFt.G, are greater .than ze~o ~ ~f· ~: ~ gr~ata~· t~· zero for an input.
source, a listing is. produced of the. mass fraction, settling velocity
and surface reflection coefficient for each gravitational. settling
category. If Q'F'LG is. greater than zero· for an· 1nput source, a· listing is
produced of the. source scalars: used: to: vary the source'"s emission rate.
(Also, if ~(23) is greater tnan zero, a listing is produced similar to
the listing for QFLG greater than zero.).·.·
Additionally, the user may also direct the program to print all
hourly meteorology processed. by tha program.. If. ISW(6) equals "2", the
program produces a list of the meteorological data for each day processed
as shown in Figura .3-3.. Hence; a page is· generated for each. day of meteoro-
logy processed by the program (NDAYS pages if ISW(l9) :equals "2" or the
number of entries set to "1" in the lD~ array if ISW(l9) ·equals "1").
. .
The naxt category of optional printed output are tables of
average concentration or total deposition values calculated for each day
3-67
-·--·---·----·---·-··-~------
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MURDER Of IHPUI SOUitES
HII118£R Of SOURCE GROUPS I•O.All SOURCES!
TIME PERIOD INTERVAL TO 1£ PRIHIED <•O,ALl IHIERVALSI
HUIB£R OF X CRAll&£) CRIO VALIIU
IIUftBER or Y ITIIEUI UU VALUU
HUIIBER Of OISCREIE RECEPTORS
SOURCE EIIISSIOII RAIE UHIIS COHVEIIUOH fAtiOR
EHIRAIH~EHI COEffiCIEHI fOR UH51A8l£ AIHOSPIIERE
EHIRRIKHllll tO£ffiCI£NI FOR SJABLE AIIIOSPHERE
HEIGht A&OV£ GROUND AI UHICH UIHO SPEEO UAS IIERSURED
lOGICAl UNit HUIIB£1 Of IIEIEOROLOCltAL &AlA
~EC~V CO£ffiCIEHt fOR PHYSICAL OR tHEHICAl DEPL£11011
SURFACE SIATIOH 110.
YEAR Of Slll!fRCE OAIA
UPPER Ala SIAIIOH HO.
YUI! Of UPPER IIIR UIA
ftllOCAI£~ DAtA SIORACE
I![QUIFEO ~AlA SIORACE FOR INIS PROBLEH RUU
1511(1).
ISU<2) •
ISIHJI •
1611141.
!SlitS l •
1$11(') •
I
I
2
0
0
l
1511111 • 0
1511181 • . 0
ISVttl • 0
I SUI 10) • 0
IS Ill II I • 0
lUI IU • 0
IIIII IJ.) • 0
ISIIliO • I
ISIIIUl • I
"asuc U) "
I SIIC 11) •
IIIII IU •
I SIIC I H •
1&11(20 ••
UIIUI I •
IIIIIU l •
ISIIUU •
15111241.
1 sue u 1 •
I
I
0
I
I
0
2
I
HSOURC • U
HGROU' • 5
IPERD • 0
IIXPHJS • U
IIYPHIS • I;
IIXU'IFI • H u •. 10000101
8£1U • .600
BEIA2 • .UO
Zl • lo 00 METERS
UEl • 9
P£1:11\' • . 000000
ISS • lUll
ISY • '4
tus • 1 nra
IUY • 64
liHII • 4J500 UOIOS
Ill HI I • 18211 IIOUS
FIGURE 3-2. Example input data listing (ISW(6) option).
"-U ..... J LL; .... J en '-""· "~ ,L, J c-o r-1 ·~ c=J c--J
·j
I
I
I
,_"
;---, ~ r--"1 c. J crl r--J :--J
r-,
l.., ' ' ·~
w
I
"' 10
• 0
I 0 • 0
0 0 • • 0 0
0 0 • 0
0 0 0 0 • • 9 . o • 0
0 • 0 0 0
0 0 • 0 0
0 0 I • 0
0 0 • • 0
0 0 I 0 0
0 • 0 • •
•• a.
'.
iUIILITY
CUUIIV • • c • E
F
• • • 0
0
0
0 •
•••
0 0 • 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 o· 1
0 0 o· I • • • 0 •••
a, ••
rn
HVPOliiETICAl 'OlA&H P~OtE&&ING PLIIN1 -COHCENTIIITI OH --
0 • 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 • • 0 • NUUU
a •.
'H UUOIIOLOGIUL DAV& 10 BE PROCEUE·D ••• (! f•l )
0 0 0 0 o·· 0 • • • 0 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • • 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 9 .0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 ; I 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 9 0 • 0 • 0 ~ • • •• • ' 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 oF IO!JICE IIUI!'E~!I IEDU IRE'
CN&O~Rr)
TO DJfiN~ SOU ICE
''' .QU8C~ "U"8E~~ DJflliiN~ ~~U~CE G~OUPi ''' .•... ~ ... 0.) .
0 0 0
0 • 0
0 0 0
I 0 0
0 • • 0 0 ' I 0 0
G~OUPG
.. ,
0 0
0 • 0 0
0 .o
0 0
0 0
0 0
• ••
a. -p.
••• UPPEI ~OUND Of fl~~· TNI.UGN 'fifTH ~IND IPEEO ~IJEGOI'E' '''
C!IEIHIIIEC)
I
. I OOOOt 00
• UOOOtOO .........
• nooo.oo
. JOOOOtOO
• JOOOOtOO
~~~~~ ·~~~· ~~·~~··' 2 . . ' ·.·
.IOOOOtOO :ioOOOtOO
• lliOOo.oo .ISUHH
.20000t00 .• aooootOO
.2liOO.tOo ;aliOOO,tOO .
.30000~~· :30000t00
.JOOOOtOO .,009~t00
•· n, 10. ••·
• .IOOOOtOO
.auoo•oo
. aoooo•oo
.UOOOtOO
.30000•00
.JOOOOtoO
ll
.IOOOOtOO
• UOOOtOO
.aooootoo
• UOOOtOO
. 30000t00
.:iOOOOtOO
FIGURE 3-2. (Continued)
0 0 • • 0 0 • 0
0 0
0 0 • '
0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 • • 0 0 0
• .IOOOOtOO
.!UOOtOO
• a:oooo•oo
. UOOOtOO
. 3oooo .oo
. JOOOOtOO
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
I 0
0 0
ooo --NYPOTU£TICAL POTASH PROtfSSIHC PLANT • COHtENlRAJIOH --•·•
• •• V£RtltAL POlENIIAl Ulll'fiHilliRE GRAOJENTS ••• (OEIOREES kElVIN P£R liE l£11 l
SlAIIlllY Ill NO SPEEI> UlECORY
UIECORY I 2 l 4 5 ' A . 00000 . 00000 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000
I .uooo . 00000 .00000 . 00000 .00000 . 0~000
c .oouo . 00000 . 00000 .00000 .00000 . 0·0000
D .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000 .00000
E .20000-01 .aoooo-oa .20000·01 . 20000-01 .20000-ill . 20000•91
F .:nooo-01 .:Uo'00-01 . UOOO•OI . :U000-01 . :nooo-o1 . nooo-oa
••• K·COORUNAUI OF REttAIIGVlU Ulf> 8YS1U ••• CIIUERS>
-3000.0. -aooo.o. ·1500 .0. -uso.o. -aooo.o. -uo.o. -uo.o. -400.0. -au. o. . o.
aoo.o, 4 00. o. 600.0. 800.0. 1000.~. 1250.0, 1500.0, 2000 .o. J•)ot.o.
••• V-to OR 0 IliA IE S OF REtT liN GUlAR uio 6YSTU ••• (,) <liE TUB l I ,,, r},j ......
·400.0, 0 -Jooo.o. ·2000.0. -uoo .o. -ano.o. -1000. 0• ~eoo.o. ·600.0. -200.0. . o.
200 .o. 400.0. ioo.o, BOO. o. I 000. o, uso.o. 1500.0, aooo.o. 3000 0.
••• RAHGE,JNEJA COORDINATES OF DISCRETE
iiiEitiS.OEGREEB>
RECEPtoRS •••
:15$ .•• 317.0>. ( uo.o. 318.0), iU.o. uo. OJ. 13$. 0. J22. 0 ), ( eoo.o. JU. 0 >. ...... UJ.OJ, ( too.o. U6 .0 ), ;ao. •• Hl.O>. 940.0. 346.0 ), ( 940.0, 3Sl.OI, tu.o. U6.0), ( tlo.o. I . 0 ), 950. o. '. 0). 1015.0. 11.01. ( 1055 .o. "' 0 ), 1015.0. 2t 0 I, ( a on .o. 26.0). l04S.O, 31. OJ. ns.o. 36.0 ), ( 910 .o. 41 .0).
85$ o. U.OJ. ( 755.0. 45 0). 620. o. 41.01. us.o. U.Ol. ( 4U.o. :11.0).
n5.o. 56.01. ( :155.0. ". 0 ), 355. o. U.O>. 355.0. li.O ), ( no.o. U.O),
H$ o. IU.U, ( J.n.o. IU.OI. 325 .•• 126 .• ,. 380. o. 136.0 ), ( 420 .o. I 41 .o ,,
·~o.o. 146.0>. ( 480.0. 151.0 ), sos.o. .,,_.,, sn.o • lr.t 0 ), ( 515.0. IH.OI,
'2(). o. 111.0), ( Ull .o. I H. 0 1, 7011.0. 181. 0), uo.o. .. ,. 0 ), ( 14$ .o. 191.0) •
755.0. IH.U, ( us.o. 201.0 ), HS .o. 206.0). 130.0. 211 0 ), ( 705.0. 21,.0),
,, •. o. 221.01. ( no. o. 2U .o 1, 6to.o. 2li.OJ. uo.o. 216.01. ( U$ .0. 241 .0),
64$.0. 246. 0). . ( 615.0. 251 '0 ), 575. o. 256,0), no. o. Ul 0 ), ( 41:1.0, 266 .0),
410. o. 211 0), ( :JU.o. 276 0 ) • 165 'o. 286.0), 410.0. 2H.Ol, (
1.1IGURE 3-2, (Continued)
CTJ . C"'""J ,---..
' . .J
I
I
i
·L ..... J · [lL .. J ..•
111111011 uu nn·•·• ·
T II CUIIIIIIU
Y A MURIII IYP£•1·
IOUIU P IC P~ll. · C CIAI./UC) I Y
IUIIII ~ I CIT&. ••II llt£1••1 Caltlll. ~111,1,.
,.,. '''~•'' •n~ .,.
JUP.
fVII•t uu.u
1111 9Eif.tll
ILIV. IEIIIT TYPE•I .
'II'IIIU Ultf,llt• UUUU --~ ------. --. -~
' . . a 1 • :1 I o .
4 I t
I I I • • • r 1 t
I I t
t I t .. ..
It ' • u •• u It
14 I t
II I t . , ..
' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ,.
• • • • • •
......... .. u ...... .........
. u ..... . . u ..... .
. UtottU . u ......
:uou••• . nou••• . uu•••• <uuottt . anuttl . anu•tl . auoo•u ......... ..... ~ ...
HGUltE 3-2. (Continued)
·11.1 ....
lit .•
•••• .. .. .... n.o · n.t .... .... ..... au .o ..... an .o . ... . . ... .
-n·• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• ~· •• ·• •• •• •• ··t
•• •• ...
•• •• •• •• ••
• •• ...
•• •• •• •• •• . :t
.. ... ......
a.u • ••• , .... r.et .....
. I j .:It ..... .....
lf.U u.u u.u u.u ·u.u .....
• •• • ••• • ••• .... .. .. • ••• • ••• .... , ...
•••• .. .. u.u
. ... ,.
u.u u.u
Ht·U
••n u-.. lYPE•O
CI/IIC) ILII.
lDIZ.IIM llllffEI MEI,IT ,,,,.1.1 ·,y,,... ,,,, .•
CIETEII~ Clfl'l') C~·TJl,.
u.u o.u
t.U
t.U
•. rt
t.U .. ,.
t.rt .. ,.
t.rt ..,. ..... .....
lt.lt
••••• •••••
...
••• . to
• •• ••• •••
• •• ••• ••• ••• ••• •••
• •• ••• ••• , ...
••• ••• ... ...
• ••
• •• ••• •••
• •• ••• . ..
• •• : ..
• •• ••• n-••
IUS. ILl,,
UIIUII IIIUII
JYU•O TYU•t
CIIJIII) CIIJEIS) ... ...
• •• . ..
•••
• ••
• ••
• ••
• ••
• •• ••••
• ••
• ••
• •• . ..
•••••
. .. . .. ... . .. . ..
• •• . .. . ..
•••
• ••
• ••
• ••
• •• . .. . .. • ••••
••• KYPOIU£11£Al POIASU PROCESSIH& PLAUt -COHCEHIRAIIOH --•••
••• SOQRCE PARIICULAI£ OAIA •••
••• SOURCE HUHIER • I •••
IIA&S FIIACI ION •
. 10000. 40 000 • 28000. . 12000. .uooo • . 04000,
SETTLING Y£lOCITY<H£lERS/S£C) •
. 0010. . 0010. . o uo • . ono . . ouo • .0990 •
SURFACE RfFLECliOH COEFFICIENT .
1.00000. . uooo. . 12000 • .65000 • . 59000, . soooo •
••• SOURCE HUHIER . 2 •••
111158 fRActION •
. 10000. 40000. . 28000. . uooo • .ouoo • . otooo •
SEitLINC YELOClTY<HETEIS/S£C) •
. 0010. . ooro • . 0 ItO, . ono. .uto • .uu .
SURFACE REFLECIION COEFFICIENT •
1.00000, .uooo. .nooo. . nooo, .stooo. .souo •
••• SOURCE HUIBEI . 3 •••
IIASS FUCJION •
. I 0000, .40000. . 28000. .12000 • . 06000 • .04000 •
SEtTLING ¥ElOCIIY<IET£RS/SfC) •
. ouo. . ooro. .ono • . ono. . ouo • . .,,o,
&URFAI:E IEFLECIIOH COEFFICIENI .
I. ooooo .. uooo. . nooo. .65000. stooo. .soooo •
FIGURE 3-2. (Continued)
l{.
r--1
"''" . .J
I
I t
I
'
w
I ...... w
••• --HYPOTHET,CRL POTASH PROCf&&IHG PLANT -COHCEHTRAliOH --•••
••• SOURCE PARTICULATE DAT~ •••
·~~ SOUIU HUN8U . • ~·~
IIA&S FRACTION .
. toooo. . 40000. .28000, .uooo • .o.ooo • . o~ou.
&E TTLIHIO Y~LOclrV(N£TER&ISECI .
. 6019· . 0070. .0!90· .• no, ...... .ouo •
SURFACE REFLECTION COEFFICIENT .
t.uou • . 82000 • . uooo • . uoto • . ttooo • . uooo!
••• &OUIC£ HUNIEI . I "' ..
US& FIACT ION .
• I 0009, . 400.00 • . uooo. . 1 aooo.-.06060. • ••• 00,
. ..
SETH 'Hii VELOCITY~IETER&IS~C) .
. ooto. .0070. .ouo. . ono. . •• ! o. . ou ••
&UIIFAC£ R(fLECTIOII COEffiCIENT • t.ooooo. :uooo! · . uooo . . uooo . . t,uo • . $0000,
••• &QUICE NUl~ (I • ' ., .
liAS& FIACT ION •
. 10000 • . 40000. . 28000. .12096· . uooo, . ......
&ETTLING VELOCITY(NfT£11/&fC) .
.ooto. . 0070; . 0 ItO, _.ono. . 061 o. .Otto •
$UIIFACE REFLECT ION COEFFICIENT .
a.ooooo. . uooo. . 72000. .6,oot • . nooo. . ......
FIGURE 3-2. (GonUnued)
••• --HYPOTHEIICAL POTASH fROCESSJHC PLANT -COHCEHTRATIOH --•••
tot SOURC~ rARTICULATE DATA •••
••• SOURCE HUMBER • 7 •••
RASS FRACT JON •
.10000 •. 40000 •. 28000 •. 12000 •. o,ooo •. 04000.
SE TiliNG YELOCI TY< METERS/SEC I •
. 0010, . OOlC., . 0190, . OJlO, . 061 O, . otto •
SURfACE REFLECTION COEFFICilHT •
I. ooooo •. 82000 •. 12000, .Uooo •. 59000 •. 50000,
••• SOURCE MUNIER • I '''
HASS FRACIIOH •
.toooo, .4oooo •. 28ooo •. 12000 •. o6ooo •. 04000.
S, lllllle YELOCITYUEIERS/SECI •
. ooto. .oo7o. .ouo, . OHO. . 061 o. . ouo.
SURFACE REFLECTION COEFFICIENT •
1. ooooo. . 82 ooo, . 12ooo. . uooo. . !no oo. . soooo.
••• SOURCE MUNIER • ' ...
JIASS UACIIOH •
. sooot •. 4oooo •. aaooo •. uooo •. uooo •. 040oo~
SETJLIIIG YELOCITYUETERS/SEC I •
. 0010 o . 00 70 • . 0 ItO • . 0370o • OU Oo . OUO •
SURFACE REFLECTION COEFFICIENT •
1. ooooo, . uooo •. 72ooo •. ,sooo •. stooo •. soooo.
FIGURE 3-2 • (Continued)
. ,
L!L _; r---,
I •• _ _J
w
I ......
ln
rn::J_ en rn
~·· --KYPOTHEJ!CAL POJAIK raocE&IING PLANJ -COHCEHJIATIOH --•••
tot BOUIC~ PAIJJ~ULATE DATA •••
eo t IOUIC[ ,!lUKlE I! • , U tot
NaU FIACJ ION •
· . 10~oo. . •ooo~. . uooo, . u~oo. .04•0•· . •~ooo.
IETTLIHC VELOCITYCHETEIIISEC) •
· . oo 1o. . oou. . ouo. . ur•· .. "' •· . ·~''.
IUIFACE IEFLECTIDH COEfFICIENT •
1. ooooo. . uo,o, .uooo; . ~uoo. ..,,... . ~otoh ..
I I ••!
HUI fUCfiOH •
.. 10000 •. ~oooo •. 28000 •. 12000· ···~··· ·01090•.
~EJJLIH~ VELDCITVCNETEIIIIEC) •
•0010, .00JO! I .OIU• .• u,, ., ... , .tffO!
IUIFACE IJFLECJID. COEfFICIENT !
•. OOOOo; .12000• .UOOOo .UOOO, .,,o90! .~oOOo•
l?IGURE 3-2. (Continued)
[.:::.-] ... J:-::-1.-.L. J
HIIUI UAUI HIUI - -.... -...
IOUICE MD .
I
r
u
It
., .
nGURE 3-2.
.. • .aooot .. a a ......... • ., ....... 14 ......... u
(Continued)
L
..... HYFOtHEJICAL POliSH PIOCia&IHC PLAHf • COHCEHliAttOH --...
• SOUICE UUUOH UU SC,liUU UHICH VIIY FOI EICR HOUI Of UE DAY •
stiiUI KIIUI UAUI KIIUI IeAlA I IIOUI IULAR IIOUI SCALAR --.. --
......... :J .UOOOtOl • .IOOOOtOI ' .UOUttl ' .uoot•Ol
.UOot•OI t .sooottu .. .soouut ll .500tot01 u .SOOUtOI
.IUOOtOI u .1000 .... u . IOOOOtU 11 .&OOOOtOI 18 ......... ......... u ......... u ......... n .IOOto•oa u .10000101
.~-.
r---'1
L '" .J
lET. UTa
DAY II .... MVpOTMifi~AL pOf~·M PlltEI·I~~ PLAIT • tiiCJiliAfiOI --., .
' IETEOI,L9~·~1L Dill tDI ~IY II •
UIIDOI!
fLO I fLOII IIIII ..... , lltUI AUUIJU
VUIOI vlnoa I flU lUlU lllp. ,ueuan ..........
!IOU I liECIEEfJ CtEIIIEI~ UPI~ un,•H •• u. p CITEUtr $U,~on
.,. ---... ""' ... --
I au .• ..... ..... U&.l ..... • • I ..... IU.f 1.u 'Ut.l ..... I I
I llt.t u •.• J.U ru.a Ill. I I • • ·~··· Ill. t ... u rio.a au.; • I
I ..... ..... '·" . rn.a ..... .. • ' ..... ui.t '.a r . "~·· '"·' • • 1 ••••• ..... .. ., rn. a au.o • .. • ..... n•·• '·" 111~ I an.• • ..
' ..... au.t t.n Ul .. l IU.I I I
•• au. • ,. an.• .... , ... , an.r • • II ., ... .,. .. I .14 111 ..• au.t f ..
II ..... au.t .. ., 1t4 .. , ... , • f u ..... au .• •. u ltl.t an.r I I
w .. ..... ..... .... ••••• . .... .. • I II ., ... ..... '·" ..... ..... t .. ....... ....... " ..... ..... '·" ••••• au.• • ..
If ..... ..... i.ar ..... . .... • • • •• ..... an.• •. u IU.t an.• ' I .. ..... '"·• •·u·-...,, au.t I I .. ..... Ul.t t.U ...;. au.t • I
II ..... ..... I:U IU.J . .... I I
II ..... '"·' ' .... lit:1 au.a I I
II ..... IU.t • . II Ul .• III.J I I
14 au.t lfl·t .... 141.1 ..... .. ..
FIGURE 3-), Exrunple listing of a day of meteorological data (ISW(6) option).
··----·--···--------· -·---------------·· ------
("daily") of meteorology processed by the program. If ISW(l6) equals "1",
tables are printed for each day for all user-defined combinations of
source groups and time periods. As shown in Figure 3-4, each table con-
sists of the calculated average concentration or total deposition values
for all receptors. Although the concentration or deposition values in the
output tables include five decimal places in order to~how low values
arising from low emissions or low values relative to the highest values,
the results of the model calculations should not be considered to be
accurate to five or more significant figures. The calculated concentra-
tion or deposition values are printed first for the receptor grid (if
any). The heading of the table itidicates the day, time period, time
period interval* and sources that represent the printed values. The
heading information is also listed in a cryptic format in the upper
right-hand corner of the page·.; The maxiinmn average concentration or
total deposition value found among the table -of receptor grid values is
printed. Ne.."<:t, the calculated values for the di:screte receptors (if
any) are printed beginning on a new page with a heading similar to that
printed for the receptor grid.
The user may direct the program to print tables of calculated
concentration averaged over "N"-days or deposition summed over "N"-days
w.here "N" represents the total number of days of meteorology processed
by the program run. If ISW(15).equals "1", tables are printed for all
user-defined source groups. As shown in Figure 3-5, each table consists
of the calculated concentration or deposl.tion values for all receptors.
The calculated-values are first printed for the receptor grid (if any).
The heading of the table. indicates. the number of days over which the
table is produced ("N") and which sources contributed to the calculated
values. The heading information is listed in a cryptic format in the
upper right-hand corner of the page. The maximum value found for the
receptor grid is printed. Beginning on. a new page, the calculated
*See Table 3-6 for the hours which define a particular time period inter-
val.
3-78
J.
[
[
r L~
[
[
[
[
·' rj b
[
[
. i
j
I
'
Time Period
Interval
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
lS
16.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
kllour
Q-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
·11-12
12-13
. 13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24
\·
TABLE 3-p'
.·;:i ·.,· .: :! :
TIME P~R~Op l~T~~V4L~ ~ CORRESPO~ING
liOURS OF TJIE DAY
· Ti.Jne feriod
..
2-Hour 3-tlour 4-Hour 6-Hour 8-Hour
,·.
Q-2 . 0-3. 0:-4 0-6 0-8
2-4 3-6 4~8 6-12 9-16 : 4-6 6-9 8-12 12-18 16-24
6-8 9~1~ 12-16 18-24 -
8-10 U-15 t6-20 --10-12 . 15-1~ ~0~24 -. -
12-14 .~8-2{ .. --14-16 21-24 ---16-18 ,.. ---·18-20 ----20-22 ----22-24 ------,.. --.. -----
.· --,.. --------... ;... ----·---------------.. ,.. ----------------..,
~' c J -
12-llou¥-" 24-Hour
0-12 0-24
12-24 --- ---... -------------------------------------
w
I
OJ
0
Ull.\'1 ,.
H·lli/Ft l
UROUI't :1 ... --MYtOIHEll,ll tOllSH PIOtEIIIHI PlANT • CQMCEHfllflOH •••
• UllY U·HIUI AVEIACE COHCEHTIAIIOH tlltiGCIAftlltUIIC IIUUI • • E~Oll$ litH HOUI 2i Fll DAY IU • • FIOI IOUICEII 12,
t Fll iHE IECEPJOI Clil t
-u.
•· ftUIIIUII YUill EIUIU ltl.tltli AHO OCtUIIEI u ( aoo.t. -uo .u •
Y· AX IS I X-AXII CIIUUU
c "E 1£ RS l I -utt.t -auo.o -uoo.t -ano.o ....... ...... -uo.t ...... -200.0 --... -..
JOOO. 0 I ...... . ..... .Ottot •••••• ...... .uooo ...... .ttOOO . .....
2ot0.0 I ...... .00000 ...... ...... ...... . ..... . ..... .uooo -•••o•
1500.0 I ...... ...... . ..... .00000 • ••••• . ..... . ..... . ..... ......
1250.0 I ...... .oouo . oooot ...... .ouu .00000 .00000 ...... ......
1000.0 I ...... . toooo ...... ...... . ..... ...... . ..... . ..... .00000
800.0 I ...... . ..... ...... ......
• ••••• . ..... .ouot ...... .ooou
uo.o I ......
• ••••• • ••••• ...... . ..... . ..... .00000 ...... ......
4to.t I ...... ...... . ..... • ••••• ...... ...... . ..... . ..... . .....
200.t I . oooot ...... ...... ...... . ..... •••••• •••••• • ••••• . .....
.0 I •••••• ...... • ••••• . ..... . ..... ...... .ooooo ...... .toooo
·20 0. 0 I ...... . 00000 ...... .tttoo ...... ...... ...... . ..... . .....
-400.0 I ...... ....... .oout ...... ...... ...... .oooot . ..... ......
·600.0 I ...... . ..... . ..... . .....
• ••••• ...... . ..... . ..... .00000
-800.0 I ...... .00000 .otooo .toooo .00000 .ttOOO •••••• ...... . .....
-1000.0 I ...... . ..... .oouo •••••• • ••••• • ••••• . ..... ...... . .....
·UH.O I ...... . ..... • ••••• .00000 .oooot .oootO .00000 .oouo .tOOot
-uoo.o I
• ••••• .00000 . ooott ...... ...... .ooooo .uooo .oouo ......
·2000.0 I . OttOt .00000 .00000 .00000 .ouu ...... .00000 . 00000 .ooou
-30 00. 0 I ...... .oouo .0.0000 ...... .ooott ...... . ..... . ..... .ooan.
FIGURE 3-4. Example listing of a "daily" average concentration output table (ISW(l6) option).
Note that the results in the concentration or deposition output tables are' in fixed
point rather than scientific notation for user convenience. No claim of model accuracy
to five decimal places is made for this or any concentration or deposition output
table.
. l
l
I
I
i
~ IL.k:ll !:..1
DRilY I Ill
14-HIIPII l
lliiiiUP. J ... -.. HYrOlM£JICIL r911~~ r~oC~If,MC rLIHl -CONC£~llll111H ...
• DAILY a•-IIOUI AV£11C£ CIIMC£1JIIliOH CIICIOGIIIiiCUII~ ftEUU •
t £1DIIC UIJ~ lOIII 14 FOI DAY 51 • t flU lOIII Ul u. -11,
. t fOR ll£ IEtEr,oa ,1111 t
• IIXIIIU VALUE ,,uau ltl.t1.74 AKII.GCtUIIEO u at •.•• -aot.H •
V·AIIll I 11•*111! OIUUU unuu I ·• ato.o ..... ••••• ••••• 1900 .• '"' ·• ...... aooo.o -... --.. " --
Uot.O I ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... . ..... .00000 .00900 . .....
auo.o I ....... ...... ...... . ..... • ••••• . ..... . ..... . ..... . .....
uoo.o I ...... •••••• •••••• ...... . ..... •••••• • ••••• ...... . .....
UU.t I ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... . ..... . ..... . ..... . .....
uu.o I ...... ...... ...... ...... . ..... ...... ...... . ..... .00000 ..... I ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... . ..... . ..... ...... . ..... ..... I ...... ...... ...... ...... . ..... ...... . ..... . ..... . ..... ... ,. I ...... • 00000 ...... ...... •••••• ...... ...... . ..... . ..... aoo. o I ...... •••••• ...... ...... ...... ...... . ..... . ..... . .....
' . 0 I ...... ...... ...... •••••• . ..... . ..... . ..... . .....
• ••••• -aoo.o I .otooo JOI.tltl4 •. nan ...... .ooou ...... . oooot . ..... .ouoo
-400 .• I .uou U.6t4U III.IUU I.IUU ... .,. .ouoo .00000 ...... .00000
w -uo.o I .uau U.U'tU IU.40Jt6 :n.uu• I.UIH .oosu ...... ...... .00000
! ...... I ... ,., •.• uu u.anu l'l.t11.71 .. n.u~u .61llt UUI .ooooa .uooo -uu.o I .ouu 4.aoou u.snu II.~UU II.UUl 7.41t4t .lti'J4 .00201 .Uott ..... -uu.o I. .tun a.uuo u.uus u.tout · 4t. inu U.64UI 3 .4UU .UUI .Ut01
•UU.t I . non ....... e.uua ........ U.tUU U.UUI U.I45U l.UIU .oun -aooo.o I .ntn .nur I.UUI ..... ,,. n.utn n.auu U.4UU U.IUU .U4U -u ... o I .tH27 .coua· $.uu• ·a. •nu 6.~tHf .,.nus ••.• ,.u Jt.~uu •· au u
FIGURE 3-4. (Continued)
w
I
(10
N
Y-AX I& I
U£ IUS) I
3000.0 I
2000. 0 I
uoo. 0 I
IUO.O I
1000.0 I
uo.o I
uo.o I
400.0 I
200.0 I
. 0 I
-200.0 I
-400.0 I
-uo. o I
-800.0 I
-1000.0 I
-IUO.O I
-uoo. 0 I
-2000.0 I
~3000.0 I
FIGURE 3-4.
3000 .•
.00000
.00600
.ouoo
.06600
.toOOt
.toooo
.00000
.00600
.00000
.ooou .oooot
.00000
.OOtOO
.00000
.00000
.00000 ......
.ooou .auu
••• --HYPOl~Eli~AL POlAIH PIOCEBII~G PLANT -CDHCEHll.liDH ttt
• OIIILY 24-HOUR AVfiAGE COHCENTIATIDN CNICIOCIANI/CUIIC
• ENDINC MilK HOUI 24 FOR DAY Sl •
• FIOH 80UICEII 12, -U, • F.l tHE IECEPJOI CIID •
NElli)
• NAXIHUH VALUE EIUALI 20S.tlt74 AND OCCUIIED AT (
I-AXII CHETUU
a to. o.
•
-au . ., •
DULY I 51
24-Hftll"D I
suourt 3
------- - ------------ - - ------------------ ------ - ----
(Continued)
i
I
I
,.
-.~ ... ~
OAILYI :u
24·111/1'0 I
IUOUI'I J ......... IIVI'QliiET IUL I'Qlilll P~QCEIIIN,G I'LAIII -CIIIICEIIUUIOII --, ..
• OULY U•IIOI!I AVEiiGE COIICEIItiAIIOI fiiCIO&IAII/CUIIC IElU) • • IIIOIIIG llltH IIOU~·a, fOl 04V II •
• FlU IDUIUII u. -u.
• fOil IIIE ~·ICIIJI .ECEI'fOI ,.IIIII • -lliiC • -Ul -COli. • II!G • -... -COl. • IIIG --... '" u". ------·-------------
n1.o IU.O .UtU UO.t Jll .• . ..... Ul.t Ut.t .OIOOt
731.0 na.t .totoo Itt. I U6.t ...... IU.I Ul.t ......
tot .• U6.t .t•••• Ul.t HI .t ...... ..... Uf.t . ..... ..... na.o .Uttt n1.1 JU :t .tttot ..... ••• . .....
no.o ••• •••••• .. .... .... • ••••• ...... .. .. . .....
IOU.t aa.t ...... un.t u .• ...... ltn.• U.t •••••• ttl .• u.o ...... .. ... . .... .tUtl IU.o U.l ......
7U.t 41.1 ...... Ut.t u.•. . ..... IU.O .. .. ......
4U.O :II .• . ..... Ul.l u.t ...... 111.0 "·• •••••• Ul.t U.l ...... n1.9 •••• . ..... no.o .. .. . lOtti
Hl.t IU.t .l4t47 ,n.t ..... fi.UU& UI.O aaa.• Ill. 4tt01
uo .• IU.I ua.auu iU.t ULt Ul.fUll t:ll .• . .... IU.4HU
410.0 Ul.t n.una \IOS.t IS ••• •'·'"" n1.o au.t lf.IUU
1n.o '" .. l.latU ..... Ul.t .UUI Ul.t I U. 0 .OU4l
i'U.O IU .t .tun
'',l
no.t ..... ...... ..... I U. 0 . ..... w· lll.t I U .t ...... Ul.t ltf..t ...... us.o IH.t ...... I uo .• a 11 .o .. ...... 7U.t au.t •••••• ..... au.o . ..... 00 w uo.o au.o ...... ••••• na.t · . ..... Ut.t au.o ......
'"·· Ul.t •••••• an.• au.a ...... fll .• au.o . ..... ,, .. au.o •••••• Ut .• uL+ • ••••• HS .0 "•·• ......
411 .• au.o ...... IH·t H4·t ·~ftt~ ~n.o ~ ..... ...... H•·• ~"·' ......
FIGURE 3-4. (Continued)
•11•-DAY
lt fAYS
IUOUrt a ... --MYPOIIIU JUL POTAIM FIOCEIIIMC PLAMI -toNHHTUJIOII --...
• 80-IIAY AYEUGE tOIItEIITIATIOII ClltiOCIAIIICUIIC IIUEI) •
• 1'101 IQUIUII a. -11.
• fOI 1111 IE&EPTOI IIID •
t IAIIIIUI VALUI UUALI lt.SI164 AID OCCUIIEO . , ( att.o. 20t.0) •
Y-111118 I It-AXIl CIIElEIU
Ul[ HRG l I ....... -aoot.t -noo.t -uu.o -uoo.t -uo.o -uo.o -400.0 -zu.o
... -----... "" ------
lOOO. 0 I .unt .anu . onn .tUU ...... .t0t04 .00000 .uooo .OOQU
2000' 0 I .suss .tiOU. .01144 .Jttll • IUU .oun .t0011 ...... . eo coo
uot.o I .nut .uno· .OUOI .outo .nora .42U4 .tun ...... .ouu
JUO. 0 I .uua a.anu .27411 .nut· .OHU .sun .nut .UUI .uou
1000.0 I .nut .11510 I.IUII ,,nu .tUtl .... .., .nsu .azou .OtoU
BOO. 0 I . nna J.ou:u I. 54121 a.4UOI ....... .IUU .14UO .... ,. .91404
600.0 I .una I.Un$ I.UU1 I.UI'U 1.11221 a .iura .l.tU .UIIf .491121
400 .• I .Ut07 i .neu t.tnn a.naoa 1.ann J.IIUI 1.:U1U I.UIU J.IUU
200' 0 I .non .nuo I.UIU 2.11111 4.Uit7 I.JUU •. lltll II. lUll I. tfiOI
.o I .lOUt .:ntoo .6uu ·.nut I~ iSU4 a.nau I.Utol 4.1$111 u.uus -uo.o I .lUll .lUIS .iuu .auu .07122 .nou .tOSU .ooou ......
-400.0 I . uon • OUOI .Otat4 ...... ...... ...... .00000 ...... . ..... -uo o I .00504 .OOUI . hooi .tuoo ...... ...... .00000 .ooooo .tOlH w -aoo.o I .unt . 00000 ...... • ••••• ...... ...... ...... . ..... .tlOU I -1000.0 I ...... ...... ...... .ttOU ...... .00000 .toOot .... ., .OUtS (X) -1250.0 I . Ootto .00000 ...... ...... . ..... .oooo• . 00000 .oun .auu ~ -uoo.e I ...... . uooo . 00000 ...... .otoot ...... . ... ., .OOUI .IUH
-2000 .• I ...... .00000 . totoo ...... . ..... .ooua ...... .uarr .Ultl -noo. • I ...... . 00000 .00000 ...... .oton .tun .oaau .ouu .at Ill
l
f.
j
FIGURE 3-5. Example listing of an "N"-day average concentration output table (ISW(15) option).
~ ~
l· ' ·' .• . . l ·-J c-1 .. '1 .• J
•;! I o '\ j ·~ .1 .'
"11"-DAY
10 DAYS
GUIIIIPt a ... ~-IIYPOJIEl IUL fllfllll ,~~1:,!11~9 rL .. l -COIICJIIUUUII --··~
• lt-UY .,, .. u Cp!lCUtUIIOfl C!JJUUUI.ICIIIIC IEfEII) ~
• fl.l IOUIC:IIl a. -II· . , .. filE IJC(flPI !illt f
• IUIIUI yuu' E~UU~ ••·~~·u up 'C:CUII~p ., C ...... ., ... ) '
I Y· AIC II I x-~1111 unn~ »
I Cllt:TUU I • • ..... ..... "~·· ..... • ••••• 12~··· ...... . .....
I -------..........
nu.o 1 ...... .tun ...... .nut .UIII .aun .liiUI .utu .nut
I Uot.t I ...... .urn . ..... .10412 . ;nttr .4rna .UIU .UJII .nus
ISU.t I .UUt .uau .tnn ...... .UUt ...... 1 .nut •. ISSU .uui
1200.0 I .tUU ...... t.UUI .nut .latU LUlU 1 .nut · l.tUU . ruu
I toU.t I ...... I.UIU , .tUit a.aun t.UU7 a.auu a.JHtt I.UUI .UU6
Ut.t I .ouu a.UUI I.UU4 l.lttrt ;w.uuo 1.14141 I .UUI , ...... .nau
Ut.t I .uuc I.Ulll I.IUU I.UUJ · 4.uau a.uua I .U1J1 .UIU .IUU
Ut.t I ...... t.tun t.IIUS s.unt a. nna J.UtU . JtiOt ·""' .JOUI
~ .... I .U7H tt.UI64 t.Uill .. "'" ......... J .uua .una .+nu .auu
·• I ...... a.ntll ·'"" ·.nul· .uau .uus .IU~t ...... .uua
-au .• I .... ,., • .... u c.snu a.uus .HUt .11242 .ttJU .oun .uno
-ut.t I • .ouat t.t47tt a.usn ,. Uftl . ....... a.aun .41sn .auu .tUU
., .... I. J.lltlt C.UUI a.ut7t .SUOI '·'"" i.ouu J .U14J .una .usu
w -lot. o I a.unt •. nut J.tnu .end .IUit LUlU .uus .UIU .uua
I -uu.o 1 l.tUif I.IUU a.uan t.1.7U .una .aun .71602 .uou .UUl
CXI c.n -ano.t 1 a.utn a.uao• a. UUI a.cuu ·"•" .anu .auu .un1 .IISU
-uu.t 1 a.auu 1.41146 a.nut a.anir .14H' .,nu .ISltl .au12 .UUt
•UU.t I .IOIU .71417 1.nu• ·:tun .usn .uau .attn .UU4 .tUU
-u•t.t 1 ·•••at .UlU .nn• ,~n•? ··~·~· .urn .JttU .10411 ......
I
;
I
i
FIGURE 3-5. (Continued)
w
I
00
0\
Y-AICII I
UEJERS> I
1000.0 I
aooo.o I
.,00. 0 I
1250.0 I
1000.0 I
800.0 I
uo.o I
400.0 I
200.0 I
.0 I
-uo. o I
•400.0 I
-uo.o I
-800. 0 I
-1000.0 I
-1250.0 I
·IUO.O I
-2000.0 I
·lOOt. 0 I
I!'!CURE '.-5.
1000.0
.uou
.iUU .usu
.IUU
.uou .usu .uuz .zuu .. ,,.
.tJtU .... .,
.ouu ... ,.
.osnt ..... ,
.uuo .nuz ,.,.,
.onu
••• --HYPOIHllltAL PIIAIH PIOtlSSIHC PLANt -tOHCENIIAIIlN --•••
• lO·OAY AVEIAC£ tOHCEMIIATIOH CNICIO,IAII/CUIIC MEIEI) •
• IAXIHUN VALUE EIUALI
• fROM IOUIUII a. -11.
• FOR JHE RECEPIOI CliO •
lt.IS1'4 AMI OCCUIIED AI (
IHIIIII UETEIU
aoo.o,
--·----:~
au.o• •
(Continued)
'i
r--, '
•tt•·tAY
10 UYS
SI:ROUrl 2
•11•-tAY
It UYi ......... 2 ,. .. --11\'POIIUIUL ~lfA.II PIGtEIIIIIG rLAIIf • COIICEIItlllfiOII --.. ,
• ·~-··· ~VIIUE ~·~~~~~~,,~,••• ~w•c••'·~·~~'uoac IETU~ •
~·, • filii .. UIU:It a. ....
• fl~ ,., tJI.CIEfl 'ICEPfl' fllllll •
-IUIG • -... -til II. -1111 --,., -
.. ~··· -1111 --... -Ull. ---.. -----
5:U.O ur.o . uno uo.o lU.t .una , .... uo.o .uou
· fU.t ua.o .unt ••••• IU.t .run "'·' Ul.t f.IU6i
tot.O lU.t .rons tat. I Hl.t. .litlO ..... , .... .ouu uo .• Ul.O . uua us .• ~u.t . .... , , .... ••• .ttatl uo.o '·' .uau uu .• .... .HUI Ull.t .. .. 1.7UU
1011.0 u.t 1 .tun un.o a6.f LIIUI· ....... u.• I.IUU tn.o 36 •• l.7UU ..... .... 1.11141 ..... U.t t.Ulll
UI.O .... 6.aun u •.• u .• t.auu 111.1 ..... u.auu uo.o u.t 11. aaou ..... .... ,t.rnu an.• "·· u.una
IU.O "' .. ... uut au.o "·• a.ntu no.t u .• .• '.41611
I Hl.t .. , .. I.UIU IU.o IU.t t .suu 121.0 IU.t t.nin I 310 .• IU.t a.uua uo.o au ·•. •·""" .nt.t ..... ,.nan I ..... ISI.O e.ann u:~.o .. , .. e.suu ns.o IH.t • ... uu I
I su.o "'·' 7.71SU Ut.t Ul.t. ~.IUU us .• I 76. t ~.nan
fU.O Ill .o a.nuo nt.t ..... .lUll 741.0 ltl.O · ... .,.
j lA fSI. o '" .. . UU7 111.0 ata.o ...... 741.1 au.o ......
&, no.o Ul.t •••••• US.t .., .. ...... uo.o au.t ...... uo .• au.t • ••••• ..... au.o ...... ..... au.t . ..... ~ us .• IU.t ...... Ul.t au.t ...... .. ... as a. • .tun sn.o au.t .ouu ..... '''·• . ,,14, HS.t au.• a.nu• ..... Ill. t ' ....... lU.t lf6.t .. .••• u JU.f zu .• , .. "''' ...... au .t U.tUIH
ncmm 3-5. (Continued)
------·-·---·------------------·-·-. ---------------·------
values for the discrete receptors (if any) are printed with a heading
similar to that printed for the receptor grid.
The program may also print tables of the highest and second high-
est average concentration or total deposition values calculated at each
receptor point throughout the duration of the problem run. If ISW(l7)
equals "1", a table of the highest and a table of the second highest cal-
culated values are printed for all user-defined combinations of source
groups and time periods. Figure 3-6 is an illustration of a highest
calculated average concentration or total deposition table. The second
highest table is not shown but is similar in format. The calculated
values are first printed for the receptor grid points (if any). The
heading indicates the time period and sources which represent the calcu-
lated values. The heading information is listed in a cryptic format in
the upper right-hand corner of the page. The maximum value found among
the receptor grid values for a given table is printed. The calculated
values· for the discrete receptors (if any) are then printed beginning on
a new page. Beside each calculated value for all receptors , the day and
the·time period interval* are enclosed in parentheses and indicate when
the corresponding highest (or second highest) calculated value occurred.
The final category of printed output that may be produced are
tables of the maximum 50 calculated average concentration .or total depo-
sition values found for the problem run. If ISW(l8) equals "1", a table
of the 50 maximum values is produced for all user-defined combinations
of source groups and time periods. As shown in Figure 3-7, each table
consists of a heading and the maximum 50 calculated values. The heading
specifies the time period and sources that represent the maximum 50
values. The heading information is also listed in a cryptic format in
the upper right-hand corner of the page. For each of the maximum 50
calculated values, the order (rank), the calculated value itself, the
*See Table 3-6 for the hours which define a particular time period inter-
val.
3-88
[
!1
F --
r LJ
; f'
{'
L.
f'
l "
[
r·
L
[
[
r L
c
r t
'b
[
t1
L
l
FIGURE 3-6. Example listing of a highest average concentration output table (ISW(l7) option).
HJCH
24-111
IIUOUI'I ... --IIYPOJHEJJt~L POJAIII PIOtEI&IHC PLANf • tGHCEHJIAJlOH •••
• HI,HE&f 24-IIOUI ~¥[RAGE tOHtEHfiAIIOH CHlCIOCRAIISICUilt HEUIU •
• fROB SQUICE&I •• • fill tHE IECEI'JOI CRif •
+ IUUIIIIUII VALUE UUALI UU1.UtU 11110 OtCUIIED Ill ••• -aoo. o • •
Y-RMIS I X-Allll UEUIU
I~ETER&l I •100.0 -uo.o -400.0 -au.o .o
... ""' -...
3000 0 I .UI87 c au. II .oun ( lt i. I) .00002 ( ur. II . to&40 uu . I) .nne uet. I)
2000 0 I J .HIU cus. II .2UU ""· I) .00440 Cltl. I) . otOII uu • l I I.OUH c au. II
1500 0 I lii.UUO (us. I) '.sun c aos. ., .nn~ can. I) .tour ( 117. I I a.onu Ult, I I
1250 0 I JU.UUO (us. ., n .nuo c aos. ., I.SOJU ( 111. I) . 00314 cur • I I 3.07051 cut • .,
1000 0 I an.una cus. I) 411 ... .,, (us. ll lS.OStst ( ur. ., . 04UO ( 187 • II S.01164 cut. I I
100 0 I ur.IOOU c 111· II Ul.nrn nos, ., Ill. roUI (Jtll. u .sun ( ur. I I 1 .sou a uu. I I
600 0 I llU.tstU c au. u ua.uou ( aer. u ttt.tHU (us. 11 12.40346 cur. I) U.Hrll C2tt. 1 )
400.0 I nu .unr (us. I) 3f2J. u 122 cur. I) 4U.UU5 C 111. I) UI.SlSit uu. I) u.attu uu. I I
200 0 I HU.Ittil cau. u SUf.IUll nos. n uu.iuu (us. 11 UU.UUI Clll. I I llt.Utit CUt. I I
0 I 21 U .ltSU uu. ll J~IO.Uf6t uu. II 5UI.OUt4 cau. I I IU24.U703 can. I) .00000 ( o. .,
-260.0 I ".nu• <au. II .ntu uu. I) . 00010 ( .. , . u . 00000 un. II unr .nut (337. II
-uo o I .UOO.i (187, II .00000 cur. l) .00000 ( l31. 0 .UUI U;Jl, II u~u .1et01 uu. II
-uo o I 00000 c nr. H . 00000 CJU, I) . 00000 nn. II tl.tUU nn. II UU.UIU cnr. I)
-eoo. o I . 00000 cnr • II .00000 cur. II . uuo nn • II no.uut uu. II Ul1.t1UO cnr. I) w -1000 0 I . oouo cnr • II . 00000 cur • I) . 71112 ( 331. i) tU.tUU uir • II uu.uau nu. II I -12:10 0 I .ooou cur. II .oo4u cur. I) u.uou cur. 81 nr.tUll cnr. II Ul1.04Ut un. I I \0
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FIGURE 3-6 • ((,!ontinued)
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FIGURE 3-7. Example listing of a maximum 50 average concentrations output table (ISW(18) option) •
,....._.,..,
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time period interval*, the day and the receptor location are listed.
This information allows the. user to identify when and where the calcu-
lated value occurred.
In genet:al,. the. order in-which.. the printed output is listed
corresponds to the order that tha five. categories of print output have
been mentioned. in. the preceding. paragraphs. First,. all input data
parameters,. excluding the hourly meteorological data, are optionally
listed. if ISW(6) equals "1".. Tables, of the average concentration or total
deposition. calculated for each. time-period/source-group combination for
each day ("daily") of meteorological data processed are. then listed.
Also printed for each day, if ISW(6) equals '•zn, are the hourly meteoro-
logy for that.<i:!-Y•· _The. number· of. tables. of daily average concentration
or total deposition. values· is governed by the number of source groups
(specified in parameterNGROUP), time· periods (specified in parameters
ISW(7) through ISW(14)) and time, period .. intervals (parameter· IPERD). The
order in which· the daily' tables of averageh:oncentration or total. deposi-
tion are produced is best described:by ~example. ; Suppose we. have five
source groups, desire average concentrations for 1-., 3-,. 1.2-and. 24-hour
time periods,· and all. time period. intervals are. to· be printed. For a
given. day,. the following set.of. tables· arecproduced:. .(1) fot: Hour one, 5
tables of :!-hour averages for source. groups l through 5 are printed;
' • • • I • ~ -o
(2) for Hour two, 5 tables-of'. 1-~our· averages. are. printed for the. 5
source groups; (3) for Hour three, a.l-hour average. table followed by a
3-hour average table are printed for source group. 1. Similarly, 1-hour
and 3-hour average tables are alternately printed for the second through
fifth source groups; (4) for Hour four, 5 tables of 1-hour averages for
source groups 1 through 5 are_printed; · (5) for Hour five, the same
format is printed as that· for Hoursl one, •t:wo and four; (6) for Hour . . . , .
six, the same foma.i is. printed as that for Hour three. This format is
continued for each hour of the day... Fot: Hour twelve, 1-hour, 3-hour and
12-hoF~ tables are printed for each of tha five source .groups. For Hour
*See Table 3-6 for the hours which define a. particular time period
interval.
3-95
ewenty four, 1-hour, 3-hour, 12-hour and 24-hour eables are printed for
each of ehe five source groups. This format is repeated for each day of
meeeorological data. Hence, if ISW(6) equals "2" and ISW(16) equals
"1", a liseing of the meeeorological. data and a set of daily tables
would be alternately printed for each day of meteorological data processed
by the progrma.. After all hourly meteorological data have been processed
by the program, the "N"-day tables, highest and second highest tables
and the maximum 50 tables are alternately printed for each source group
for each specified time interval. The number of tables is governed by
the number of source groups (NGROUP) ·and time periods (ISW(7) through
IS"w(l4)) specified. · For each source group, ehe "N"-day, highest· and
second highest and the max:fmum 50 tables are listed in this order:
For source group l:
Print "N"-day table (only if ISW(15) • l)
For the l-hour time period (only if ISW(7) • l):
Print highest and second highest tables (only if ISW(17) • 1)
Print ma:rlmum SO table. (only if ISW(l8} • l) ·
For the 2-hour time period (only if ISW(S) • l):
Print highest and second highest .tables (only if ISW(l7) • 1)
Print maximum 50 table (only if ISW(18) • l) "·
For. the 3-hour time period (only if ISW(9) • 1):
Print highest and second highest tables (only if ISW(l7) "' 1)
Print maximum 50 table (only if ISW(lS) • 1)
For the 24-hour time period (only if ISW(l4) • l)
Print highest and second highest tables (only if ISW( 17) = 1)
Print maximum 50 table (only if ISW(18) • l)
The order and number of tables printed according to the above format is
repeated for all source groups.
3-96
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b. Tape Output. The ISCst program is capable of generat-
ing an output tape file containing the calculated average concentration
or total deposition values based on the selected time periods and source
groups. If ISW(S) equals "1", this output tape file is generated. The
user must assign. an output file and associate the logical unit number
specified in parameter I'J:AP to the output We (see Section 3.2.2.a).
The output file is written with a FOB.TIAN unformatted (binary) WRITE
statement and consists of constant length records whose lengths equal
the total number of receptor points (NPNTS) plus 3 words. Words 4
through NPNTS + 3 contain. the calculated average concentration or total
deposition values for all receptors. The values calculated for the .
receptor grid (if any) are written first followed by the values calcu-. ..
lated at the discrete. receptors· (if any). Starting·with the first Y
point (direction radial) of theY-axis (radial) grid, the calculated
values are writt:en for the X-axis (ranges) in the same order that receptor
locations were. entered: in·.parameter~.GRIDX (see .Section 3.2.3.a). For
each· successive Y-axis. (radial) ,: the-values: ·are .writ:ten for the X-a:x:is
(ranges). After the calculated values have been writ:ten for the receptor
grid, the calculated values ar~ Written for the discrete point:s in the
order the discrete points were entered in parameters XDIS and YDIS (see
Sect:ion 3.2.3.a).. Word 1 of each record contains the hour at: which t:he
corresponding values • were calculat:ed in words 4-to NPNTS + 3. Word 2
contains t:he Julian Day and word l contains the s~ce group number. . . . ' .,
The content: and number of records· pro~uced is governed_ by the _number of
source groups (specified in parameter.NGROUP) and time periods (specified
in parameters ISW(7) througn ISW(l4)). For each day of meteorological
data processed by the program. and for each hour, the program generates
records of calculated values 'for·all ·applicable time period intervals
for· all source groups. For Hour one, a 1-hour record of calculated
•" . . ~
vaiues for source group l, followed by ·a 1-hour · record of calculated
values for source group Z, up to a 1-hour record of calculated values
for the last source group are written to the output file. For Hour two,
a 1-hour and a 2-hour record are written to the output file for each
3-97
source group. For Hour three, a 1-hour and 3-hour record are written to
the output file for each source group. For Hour four, a 1-hour, 2-hour
and 4-hour record of calculated values are written to the output file
for each source group. This format is continued for each hour of the
day. The applicable time period interval records that are written
depend on parameters ISW(7') through ISW(l4) •. For example, if there is
one source group and only 24-hour average concentrations are calculated
in a problem run, only one record per day of meteorological data processed
is written to the output file. If ISW(l5) equals "1", records of the
"N"-day average concentration or total deposition values are additionally
written to the output file for.all source groups after the program has
processed all "N" days of meteorological data. At the conclusion of the
problem run, two end-of-file marks are written at the end of the output
tape file.
3.2.5 Program Run Time. Page and Tape Outnut Estimates
This section provies the user with equations which estimate
the amount of run time required and program output generated for a given
problem run. The equations describing the amount of printed output data
(in pages) and tape output data (in words) can be quite accurately
estimated. The run time estimate is less accurate because of unknowns
such as the nature of the hourly meteorology and wake effects. These
unknowns may affect the run time estimate by several minutes for a large
problem run.
a. Run Time. The amount of time a problem takes to
execute is primarily governed by six factors. These factors are: (1)
the number of hours in a day of meteorological data (NHOURS); (2) the
number of days of meteorological data processed (NDAYS); (3) the number
of sources (NSOURC); (4) the number of source groups.~NGROUP); (5) the
.!':!'
number of receptor points (NPNTS); and (6) the number of time periods
(NAVG). Using these factors, the following equation estimates the run
time in minutes:
3-98
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l
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No. of Minutes .. C • (_NDAYS + 1) • ( l + NHOURS • ( 1 + 0. 8 • NSOURC
• (1 + 0.6 • NPNTS + 0.1 • NGROUP • NAV~))
where
-5 c .. 2.1 ., 10
The constant, Clt is derived. from problem-rut1.S' made on a. UNIVAC 1108
computer and is different. for other computer models.
b. Page Output. The number of pages of printer output
(3-2)
produced. by a problem run is primarily controlled by which categories of
output are desired. by the user. The· content of these categories of. program
print output are discussed in· Secti-on 3.2.4.a. Input: parameters ISW(6),
ISW(lS), · ISW(l6) ~ ISW(l7) and ISW(lS) ,. discus.sed in Section 3.2.3.a,
control. which categories of program.. print: output are produced. Other fac-
tors. Which determilie th~i aJilOuUt of p~t outl_)ut are. the number of receptor
points, numh~r-of source. groups and the: number. of· time periods for which
average concentration· or: • total: depositi~, values are. computed.
~f ISW(6) equals "l'",. all. input data are. printed, producing
about 5 pages of print output.. For. sources with gravitational settling
categories (NVS greater than zero) or . variational. emission rates (QFLG
greater than: zero),. add one third of a page per source •. I£ ISW(6) equals
"2", aLL meteorological data processed by the program are printed •. Add.
one page for every day of meteorological data processed •
. I£ ISW~lS) equals "l", tables of. the ''N"-day average concentra-
tion or t_otal deposition values are printed. The number of tables printed
equals the number of source groups desired by the user (NGROUP). If
parameter NGROlJlf is specified as "O", one table will. be printed. The num-
ber of pages produced for each "N"-day table is given by the following
equation:
3-99
~-----------
___________ ...... --_______ ..
where
NXPNTS • the number of X points on the X-axis grid or
the ntimber of grid ranges
NYPNTS • the number of Y points on the Y-axis grid or
the number of grid direction radials
NXWYPT • the number of discrete receptor points
(3-3)
Round up any fractional number in each ter.m to the nearest whole number.
If ISW(l6) equals "l", tables of average concentration or
total deposition for user-defined combinations of source groups and time
periods for each day of meteorological data processed by the program are
printed. The number of .tables produced by this output category for each
day is given by the following equation:
No. of Tables
where
NGR.OUP
IPERD
-NGROUP • [C24/IPERD) • ISW(7)
+ (12/IPERD) • ISW(8) + (8/IPERD) • ISW(9)
+ (6/IPERD) • ISW(lO) + (4/IPERD) • ISW( 11) (3-4)
+ (3/IPERD) • ISW(l2) + (2/IPERD) • ISW(l3)
+ (1/IPERD) • ISW(l4~
• number of source groups as specified by input
parameter NGROUP. If NGROUP is specified as "O",
assume a value of "l" for this equation
= "N"th time interval for all time periods as spec-
ified by input parameter IPERD. Note that if
IPERD· is set to "O", the term (j /IPERD) • ISW(i)
equals (j) • ISW(i). If IPERD is set greater
than "O", the term (j/IPERD) • ISW(i) equals (1)
• ISW(i) if (j/IPERD) is greater than or equal to
11 111 ; otherwise, it equals (0) • ISW (i) if (j /IPERD)
is less than "1".
3-100
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• the corresponding 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-~ 8-, 12-ISW(7)-
ISW(14) and 24-hour time per:iods as spec:ified by input
parameters ISW(7) through ISW(l4). The "ln or
"O"'values specified by the user in these param-
eters are the numer:ic values used. in the equation
The number· of pages. produced by-· each table is given. in Equation (3-3).
Renee, the total.numbe~of· pages generated by this print output option.
(ISW(l6)) equals the product of the number of days processed by the
progr~ for a proble. run. the number of tables printed according to
Equation (3-4) and the.number of pages produced per table according to
Equation (3-3) •.
If ISW(l7). equal& "l",. tables of:· the highest and second highest
average concentration o~ total. deposition values found at each receptor
are printed for all user-defined. combinations of source groups and time
per:iods.. The number of tablea printed equals. twice the number of time
per:iods speci.f:f.eti' (the ~~~~-of input. pa;amete~s. ISW(7). through ISW(l4)
set t:o "l") multiplied. by the: .number of: source groups desired.. If no . .
source groups. are specified (input paramet:er NGROUP equals "O"), assume
one source group for t:he purpose. of. computing the number of tables
printed by· this option (ISW(l7))-The number of' pages. each t:able pro-
duces is given by the following equat:ion:
(3-5).
where NXPNTS, .· NYPNTS and NXii'YPT are defined fallowing Equat:ion ( 3-3) •
Round up any fractional number in each term to the nearest whole number.
Renee, t:?e number of. pages printed by this out:put category equals two
times the product of the number of time per:iods, the number of source
groups and the number of pages ·produced per table according t:o Equation
(3-5).
If ISW(l8) equalS "1", tables of the maximum 50 average concen-
t:ration or total deposition values calculated are printed for all user-
3-101
_,_ _____ , ___ _
defi.lJ.ed combinations of source groups and time periods. Because each
table printed produces only one page of, output, the total number of
pages printed by this output category equals the number of time periods
specified (the number of input parameters (ISW(7) through ISW(l4) set to
"1") multiplied by the number of source groups specified. Again, if no
source groups are specified (input parameter NGROUP equal to zero), assume
one source group.
'rhus, the total number of pages of output produced by the pro-
gram equals the sum of the number of pages produced by each optional
print output category desired by the user for a problem run.
c. Tape Output.. Values of average concentration or total
deposition are written by a FORTRAN unformatted WRITE statement to an out-
put tape file only if parameter ISW (5) equals "1". Otherwise, the program
does not generate an output tape file. It is not practical to discuss
the physical amount (length of magnetic tape or number of tracks or
sectors of mass storage) generated since this introduces factors which ·
depend on the computer installation. Instead, the number of computer
words generated by a problem run is discussed. The user may then equate
this number to a physical amount for the particular storage device being
used.
The output tape is written in records, where the length of ..
each record equals the number of receptor points (NPNTS) plus 3 for a
total of NPNTS +. 3 computer words for a given problem run. For each
day of meteorological data processed, the number of records written
to the output tape file is governed by the number of source groups and
time periods specified by the user. If we substitute the term "Tables"
used in Equation (3-4) with the word, "Records" and set IPERD equal to
"O", Equation (3-4) gives the number of records written to the output
tape file for each day of meteorological data processed. All variables
used to formulate Equation (3-4) maintain the same definition. Hence,
3-102
..
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..... ....
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the number of records equals the value computed from Equation (3-4)
multiplied by the number of days of meteorological data processed by· the
program for a problem run. Also, if input parameter ISW(l5) equals "1",
additional records containing "N"~ay average concentration or total
deposition values are written to the· output tape file depending on the
number of source· groups: specified by· input: parameter NGROUP (If NGROUP
equals "O",. assume one source group). Hence". the total number of com-
puter words written to the output tape file equals the number of records
generated, multiplied by· (NPNTS +"3) computer words per record for a
problem run.
3.2.6 Program Diagnostic Messages
The ISCST program prints diagnostic messages when certain con-
ditions occur during. a: problem run. 'lb.e diagnostic. messages consist of
two types. .. . ~e first. typ«a,: is; _.a tab!e forlllS.t. that }nforms the user of.
the conditions· found,: but: dOes not teminate· program~ execution. T'ne
second tYPe is an err~r message wh:f.ch informs the user of the condition.
The run_ is terminated: after the· error~ message is printed •
The diagnostic: messaga in a: table format informs the user
wh~ a receptor is. located within 100 meters or· three building heights
(or three effective building widths) of a source.. As shown in Figure
3-8, the table lists all source-receptor combinations for which this
condition has occurred. The ·table lists the source number, receptor
location and calculated distance between the corresponding source and
receptor. A negative distance value implies that the receptor is lo-
cated within the dimensions of· a volume or area source.
Five types of diagnostic error messages may be printed by the
program. If the allocated data storage is not sufficient for the data
required by a problem run, an error message is printed (Figure 3-9 (a)).
An error message is printed if the station numbers or years read from
. ··--·--····.··-··-···-· ----------·-· ··----·
w
I ......
0 s:-
••• --BYPOHif:JICAl POlASII rnor.ESSING PlAIIJ -COUC~NJRATIOH --•••
• SOUHCE-RECEPfOH COII.,ItiATIOI~S lFSS lUAtl 100 f.!ETERS 0'1 TUREE BUILDING
tlf.IGHTS JH OISTANCF.:. No AVERAGE CONCENTRATION TS CALC~ATEO •
• -RECEPTOR LOCATION • •
X Y CUElERSI DlSTAuCE
SOURCE OR RANGE OR DJREClJON ~lT~EEN
NUMBER CMETERSI CDEGREESI CHf;TFRSt
~------------·-.---------.-----~
1
2
l
lj
l)
6
7
8
9
10
10 ..
ll
l2
l2
ll ...
15
16
.o .• o
.o .o .o .o .o
;.0
.o .o
1.00.0 .o aoo.o .o
200.0 aoo.o
200~0
li!OO,Q
200.0
.o .o .o .u .o .o .o .o .o
•" .o .o .o .o .o
.o ;o .o .o
-15.01
,9e90
l9e90
29e90
!O•'IO
fl8e90
58.90
6Ro90
7lle90
8<h90
«10.90
98.90
ft0o90
97.78
55.76
:52.78
9·78
-1:5·22
loOO
FIGURE 3-8. Example listing of a diagnostic message table printed when source-receptor distances
are less than the maximum of 100 meters and three building heights or three building
widths.
...--.,
.J
.,..-..,
j
I
r---'1
l '·"
','• ,; ..
***ERROR*** CALCULATED STOaAGE ALLOCATION ~IMIT EQUALS n~nnQD
AND EXCEEDS TilE MAXI~ S',fORAG~ ALJ.OCATION l.<IMIT OF mmll!JDDill\
RON TERMINATED. . .
***ERROR*** MET DATA REQUESTJD ppES ~OT ~TCII ~T DATA READ.
'REQUE~TED/READ' VALQ~S 4RE;, . . . . .
SURFACE STATIO~ ~o, ~ ~~~~!~/j~jsj~ l~ 0)? SuaFACE DATA • i~s/jy~
UPPER AIR STATION NO. ~ ~~1~~~/jqjujq Y~ Of VPP~~ AI~ DATA. ~ ~uy/juy RUN TERMINATED, · · . . . .. . . .
***ERROR**-* NUM1SEB. Oli' ~WU~C~S T,O ]}¥ ~ EqUAL,S ~BRO. ~UN TEIQtiN4'.fBD!
<c.>
***ERROR**~ PHYSICAL STACK HEIGHT OJ ·soURCE nnnnn
18 LOWER THAN.THE l'EaBAI~,~~ATlON.FOR l'HE RECEPTOR
LOCATED AT . (XXXXXJPC. ¥ l Y,yyyyy ~ y) , .. ·. llUN TJi:RMINJ\TBD.
(4)
***ERROR*** SOURCE NUMnER nnnnn HAS NO GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING CATEGORIES
WITH WHICH TO CALCULATE DEPOSITION •· Rtffl TERMINATED. . ..
(e)
FIGURE 3-9. (a) through (e) 5how the five types of error messages printed by the ISCST Program.
The run is terml~ated after an error message is printed. _·, ..
...... ""-...
···-..
the ~eteorological data input tape do not match the corresponding station
ncmbers or years specified by the user in parameters ISS, ISY, IUS, IUY
(Figu::e 3-9(b)). If the number of input sources equals "O", an error
message is printed (Figure 3-9(c)). If the physical stack height of any
source is lower in elevat~on than the terrain elevation of any receptor,
an error message is printed (Figure 3-9 (d)). Finally, if there are no
gravitational settling categories to calculate deposition for any source,
an error message is printed as shown in Figure 3-9(e).
3.2.7 Program MOdification for Computers Other than UNIVAC
1100 Series COffiPuters
The ISCST program, which is written in FORT.R.A.N IV, provides
easy transport and adaptation for use on other computer models. The
program design requires that: (l) At least four Hollerith characters
can be stored in one computer word; (2~ The computer word lengths of
integer and real type variables are the same; and, (3) At least 132
characters per line can be printed on a page with 57 lines per page.
The program requires about 65,000 words of executable storage, 21,500
of which consist of the program itself compiled on a UNIVAC 1108 Computer.
The size of the compiled prog:t;am will vary depending on the FORTRAN IV
compiler and computer installation. The remaining 43,500 words consist
of data storage used by the program for storing the input data values,
intermediate values and output results of a given problem run.
If it is necessary to adjust the current allocnent of 43,500
words of data storage, only two FORTRAN statements in the ISCST program
need to be modified. Line 601 (see page A-17) in Appendix A) of the main
program allocates the data storage in array QF. Also, the value assigned
to the variable LIMIT in line 609 must agree with the value used in
array QF.
The program assumes FORTRAN logical unit 5 for the card reader
and logical unit 6 for the printer. These logical unit numbers may be
modified on lines 616 and 617 in the main section of the program.
3-106
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SEC'.tiON 4
USER'S INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ISC LONG-TERM
(ISC'LT) MODEL PROGRAM
4 .1 SUMMARY. OF PROGRAM OPTIONS, DATA. REQUIREMEN·TS AND Oll'r.PU'!
4.1 .. 1 Summary of ISC'LT" ·Program. Opcions
'Ihe program op"tions of "the ISC Dispersion Model long-term com-
puter program ISCLT consist: of three· general ca"tegories:
• Meteorological data input options
• Dispersion-model. options,
• · Ou"tput options
Each category is discussed separately below.
-· a... Meceorological Data Input= Options. Table 4-1 lists
the meceorological. data input op"tions. for tha ISCLT.computer program.
Ali meteorological:. data may be input. by card:. deck or by a magnetic tape
inventory previously generated by ISC'LT' (see.-Section 4.l.l.c below).
ISCLT accepts~ STAR summaries with·, siX, Pasquill stability Ca.tegories (A
through F) or five l'asquill stability categories (A through E with the E
and F categories ·combined).. Site-specific. mixing heights and ambient
air temperatures are ISCLT input requireme:nts rather than options.
Suggested procedures for developing these· inputs··· are given in Section
2.2.1.2. 'Ihe remaining meteorologic..al data input options listed in
Table 4-1 ·are identical to the. ISCST meteorological data input options
" "
discussed in Section 3.l.l.a.-
b. Dispersion Model Options.· Table 4-2 list:s the
dispersion model options for the ISCLT computer program. In general,
these options correspond to the .ISCST dispersion-model options discussed
4-1
·---~-------____ .. _____ ,_
'!'ABLE 4-1
METEOROLOGICAL DA~ INPUT OPTIONS FOR ISCLT
!npu~ of all meteorological data by card. deck or by magnetic tape inven-
tory previously g~erated by.ISCLT
STAR summaries with five or six Pasquill stability categories
Site-specific.mixing heights
Site-specific·ambient air temperatures
Sit~specific wind~profile exponents
! Sit~specific vertical potential temperature gradients
j Rural Mode or Urban Mode 1 or 2
Entrainment coefficients other than the Briggs (1975) coefficients
Final or distance dependent plume rise
·Wind system measurement height other than 10 meters
TABLE 4-2
DISPERSION-MODEL OPTIONS FOR ISCLT
Concent:ration or dry deposition calculations
Inclusion of the effects of gravitational settling and/or dry deposi-
tion in concentration calculations ·
Inclusion of terrain effects (concentration calculations only)
Cartesian or polar receptor system
Discrete receptors (Cartesian or polar system)
Stack, volume and area sources
Pollutant emission .rates ·held constant or varied by season or by wind
speed and stability
Time-dependent exponential decay of pollutants
Inclusion of building wake and stack-tip downwash effec~s
'rime periods fc.t-which concetitrat::ton or ~d~position cia.lcul:at'ions are to
to be made (seasonal and/or annual)
4-2
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in Section 3.l.l.b. ·Pollutant emission rates may be held constant or
varied. by season or by wind speed and. stability in ISCLT calculations.
The. program. uses seasonal STAR summaries to calculate seasonal and/or
annual concentration or deposition values or an annual STAR summary to
calculate. annual concentration or deposition values. Additionally,
month~y STAJlsummaries may b~used. to calculate monthly concentration
or deposition values.
c. Output Options •. Table 4-3 lists the ISCLT program
output options.. A more. detailed discussion. of the ISCI.T output infon:~a
tion is-given. in Section 4.1.3 •.
The ISCL'!.. program has the· capability· to generate a master tape
inventory· containing all.. meteorological. and. source inputs and the results
of all concentration-or deposition. calculations. This tape can then be
used as input: to future upd~te runs. For· example, assume that the user
wishes to add a new source and modify ail' ensting source at a previously
modeled industriaJ: source. complex.. Concentration or deposition calcula-
tions are made for thes~ormodified. sources alone and. the results of
these calculations in combinatioawith select. sources from the original
tape inventory are used to generate an updated. inventory. That is, it
is not necessary to repeat the. concentration or-deposition calculations
for the unaffected sources in: the industrial source complex in order to
obtain an updated estimate of the concentration or deposition values for
the combined emissions. The optional master tape inventory is discussed
in detail in Section 4.2.4.b.
tables:
The ISCLT user may elect to print one or more of the follow~ng
•·
••
Theprogram:control parameters, meteorological input
data and receptor data
The source input data
4-3
-----------------------------------------
TABLE 4-3
ISCLT OUTPUT OPTIONS
Master tapa inventory of meteorological and source inputs and the
results of the concentration or deposition calculations
Printout of program control parameters. meteorological data and recep-
tor .dau
Printout of tables of source input data
Printout of seasonal and/or annual average concentrations or total sea-
sonal and/or annual deposition values calculated at each receptor for
each source or far the combined emissions from a select group of all
sources
Printout of the contributions of the individual sources to the 10
highest concentration or deposition values calculated for the com-
bined emissions from a select .group of all sources or the contribu-
tions of the individual sources to the. total concentration or deposi-
tion v.alues calculaeed -for the combined emissions from a select group
of all sources a't 10 user-specified recep'tors
4-4
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• The seasonal. and/or annual. average concentration or
total deposition values. calculated at each receptor
f?r each source or for the combined emissions. from
select source.groups or all sources
• The contributions of the individual. sources to t:he 10
receptors with highest concentratiou (or·deposition)
val.ues obtained from the combined em:J.ssions of select
groups of sources;. or the contributions of each individual.
source, as well as the combined sources, to a select
4.1.2
group of user specified receptor points; or the maximum
10 concentration (or deposition) values for each source
and. for the combined sources, determined independently
of each. other
Data Input Requirements
This section provides a description. ot all input data paramet:ers
required by the ISCL'! pr.ogram. The user should note that some input
parameters are not read or are ignored by the program, depending on t:he
values assigned t:o the. control parameters (options) by the user.
a. Program Cont:rol Parameter· Data. These data contain
parameters which provide user-control over all program options.
Parameter
Name
ISW(l)
Concentration/Deposition Option --Directs the program to
calculat:e either average concentration· or t:otal deposit:ion.
A value of "l" indicates average concentration is to be
calculated and a value of "2" indicat:es t:otal deposition
is to be calculated. If this parameter is not punched,
the program defaults to "1" or concentration.
4-5
Parameeer
Name
ISw(2:) .
ISW(3)
ISW(4)
ISW(S)
1
Re~epeO%-· Referenc_e-Grid s·yseem Opeion -Specifies wheeher a
righe-ha.n.ded receangular Careesian coordinate system or a
polar system is to be input to the program to fom the
receptor reference grid system. A value of "1" indicates
a Cartesian reference: grid system i-s being i.nput and a
value of "2" indicates a polar reference grid system is
being input. If this parameter is not punched; the
program will default to a value of "l".
Discrete Receptor-Option--Specifies whether a right-
handed rectangular Cartesian reference system or polar
reference system is used to reference the input discrete
receptor points. A value of "l"' indicates that the Car-
tesi.an reference system is used a:D.d a value of nzu indi-
cates that a polar reference system· is used. If this
parameter is not punched, the program will default to a
value of "l".
Receptor Terrain Elevation Option --Specifies whether
the user desires to input the terrain elevations for each
receptor point or to use the program as a flat terrain
model. A value of "0" indicates terrain elevations are
not to be input and a value of "1" indicates terrain ele-
vations for each receptor point are to be input. Note
that terrain elevations cannot be used with the deposition
model. The default for this parameter is no terrain or
"O".
Input/Output Tape Option --Specifies whether tape input
and/or output is to be used. A value of "O" indicates no
4-6
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Parameter
Name
ISW(5)
(Cont.)
ISW(6)
ISW(7)
ISW(8)
tape input or output:. A value of "1" indicates an
output tape or data file. is to be produced on the output
unit: specified by ISW(lS). A value of "2" indicates an
input tape or data file is-required on the input unit:
specified. by ISW(14). A value of "3" indicates both
input and· output tape or data files-are being used •.
Default for this parameter is no tapes or files. It is
the-user's responsibility to insure that the correct
tapes or files are mounted on the correct units •
. Print: Input Data Option· -Specifies what input data are
to be printed. A value of "O" indicates no input data
are to be printed.. A value of "1" indicates only the
control parameters, receptor points and meteorological
da.:tac are: to be p:ri:Jlt:ed. A. value of' "2" indicates only
the source: input data ue. to be printed and a value of
"3" ind.icates all input data are to be printed. The
default for this parameter is "0".
· Seasonal/ A:cnual Print Option -Specifies whether seasonal
concentration (or deposition) values are to be printed,
or annual values only, or both seasonal and annual values.
An ISW(7) value of "1" indicates only seasonal output: is
to be printed, a value of "2" indicates only annual
output: is to be printed, and a value of "3" indicates
both seasonal and a:anual output are to be printed. If
this parameter is not punched or is "O", the program
defaul t:s to "3" •
Individual/Combined Sources Print Option --Speciiies
whether output for individual sources or the combined
4-7
Parameter
Name
ISW(8)
(Cont.)
ISW(9)
sources (sum of sources) or both is to be pri:lted. An
ISW(S) value of "1" indicates output for individual
sources only is to be printed, a value of "2" indicates
output for the combined sources only is to be printed,
and a value of "3" indicates output for both individual
and combined sources is to be printed. The default for
this parameter is "3". This parameter is used in con-
junction with the parameter NGROUP below. If NGROUP
equals "0", all sources input to the program are con-
sidered for output under ISW(S). However, if NGROUP is
greater than "0", only those sources explicitly or
implicitly defined under NGROUP are considered for out-
put under ISW(S). Also, a single source defined under
NGROUP is logically treated as combined source output
when ISW(S) equals "2" or "3".
Rural/Urban Opt~an.--'Specifies whether rural or urban
modes of adjustment of stability categories are to, be
used (see Table 2-3). A value of "1" specifies Urban
Mode 1 and the E and F stability categories are redefined
as D. A value of "2" specifies Urban Mode 2 and stability
categories A and B are redefined as A, C becomes B, D
becomes C, and E and F become D. A value of "3" specifies
the Rural Mode and does not redefine the stability cate-
gories. If this parameter is not punched or is "O", the
program defaults to "3". If tape input is used, the
program defaults to the value saved on tape.. The param-
eter lSW(9) is only used for card input sources and/or
tape input sources when ISW(12) equals "1". It should be
noted that the use of Urban Mode 2 generally is not
recommended for regulatory purposes.
4-8
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Parameter
Name
ISW(lO)
ISW(ll)
Maximum 10 Print Option --Specifies whether the maximum
10 values of concentration or deposition only are to be
printed, or the results of the calculations for all
recepcors only,. or both are to be printed. A value of
"l" directs the program to calculate· and print only the
maximum 10 values. and receptors according to ISW(ll) or
ISW(l2) below. Values at receptors other than the
maximum 10 are not printed if this. option equals "l". A
. value of "O" directs the program to print the results of
the calculations at all receptors; the maximum 10 values
are. not produced. A value of "2" directs the program to
print the results of the: calculations at all receptor
locations.;,as well.,-as-th~ ~-10 •.. The default for
this parameter is· "O". The ISCL'! program will print
less. than 10 values· in cases where there are less than
10 concentration: (deposition) values greater than zero
calculated.
Maximum 10 Calculation Option l -·This option directs
the program· to use one of two methods to calculate and
print maximum 10 concentration (or deposition) values.
If this option is used, option ISW(l2) must equal "0".
The program determines the· maximum values and receptor
locations from the set of all receptors input.
Method.l: A value of "1" directs the program to calculate
and print the maximum 10 values and respective receptors
for each individual source and to calculate and print the
maximum 10 values and respective receptors for the
combined sources independently of each other. The output
4-9
Parameter
Name
ISW(ll)
(Cont.)
for individual sources and combined sources will in
general show a different· set·of receptors.
Method 2; A value of "2" directs the program to first
calculate and print the maxjmum 10 values and respective
receptors for the combined sources (sum of sources) and
then print the contribution at each receptor of each
individual source to the combined sources maximum 10.
This option can only be used if one or more of the
following conditions is met:
Condition a --The run uses an output tape or data file
(user must specify NOFILE, if tape)
Condition b --The run uses an .input tape or data file,
but has no input data card sources (all
are taken from tape) (user must specify
NOFILE, i£ tape)
ConditiOn c --The total number of input sources is
less than or equal to the minimum of
I and J, where
J = 300
and
I =
4-10
(4-1) .
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Parameter
Name
ISW(ll)
(Cont.,)
ISW(l2)
E . .. the total amount of program. data
storage in B~' COMMON. 'nle
design size· is 40,000 •
N -number of points in the input X-
X
axis of the receptor grid system
(NXPN'l'S)
N .. number of paints in the input Y-y
axis of the receptor grid sys.tem
(N'fPN'l'S)
Nx:y • number of· discrete. (arbitrarily
placed) input receptors {NXWYPT)
N
9
• number of seasons in. the input
meteorological data (NSEASN)
lC N • (N •N + N ) S X y x:y -
if ISW(4) • "O" -
if ISW(4) =-"l"
Maximum 10 Calculation Option 2 --This option directs the
program to calculate concentration or deposition at a
special. set of user supp-lied discrete (arbitrarily placed)
receptor points. If this option is used, option ISW(ll)
must equal '~1)". A value· of "1" directs the program to
.___, ______ "_. __ -~·-----·---------~--·------·--·----" ---------
. -. -·---~--·------~~--~--~--·--·---------·-.-·---····--------· ----~·--··-· -· ·--·--·---------···--
Parameter
Name
ISW(l2)
(Cont.)
ISW(l3)
ISW(l4)
expect to read from 10 to 50 special receptors at which
concent=ation or deposition is to be calculated. If
this option is selected and 10 special receptors are
input, both seasonal and annual concentration or deposi-
tion values for individual sources and combined sources
are printed for the 10 user-specified receptors. If
more than 10 special receptors are input, the program
assumes the first 10 points are for season 1, the second
10 points are for.season 2 and the last 10 points are
for annual tables. This option requires the parameter
NXWYPT given below to be a multiple of 10. All input
tape or data file sources are recalculated with this
option. Also, if an input tape is being used, the recep-
tor grid system, discrete receptors and their elevations
input from the tape are discarded and the user inputs the
new special set of receptor points (with elevations if
ISW(4) equals "1") via data card.
Print Output Unit Option --This option is provided to
enable the. user to print the program output on a unit
other than print unit "6". If this value is not ptmched
or a "O" is punched, all print output goes to unit "6".
Otherwise, print output goes to the specified unit. Also,
if this value is punched non-zero positive, ~wo end-of-
file marks are written at the end of the print file. If
ISW(l3) is a negative value, the end-of-file marks are
not written.
Optional Tape Input Unit Number ---This option is provided
to enable the user to assign the unit number from which
tape or data file data are read under ISW(5). If ISW(l4)
4-12
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Parameter
Name
ISW(l4)
(Cont.)
ISW(IS)
ISW(l6)
is not punched or is "O", the program defaults to unit
"2n. If the input data are being read from. a mass-
storage fil.e, ISW(l4) must be set to a negative value.
A positive value implies: magnetic tape. Note that ISW(l4)
is the interual file name used by the program to reference
. the data file and must be equated with the external file
name used to assign the file (see Section 4.2.2) .
. Optional Tape Output Unit Numbet: --This option is pro-
vided. to enable. the user to assign the un:f.t number to
which. tape ot: output file. data. are written under ISW(S).
If ISW(l5) is n.ot punched or is "O", the program defaults
toi un:f.t "3," •. If. the. outpu;_ da~ are. being written to a
_mass-storage file, ISW(lS) imlSt be: set to a negative
value. A. positive value, implies magnetic tape. Note
that ISW(l5) is the internal file name used by the pro-
gram: to reference. the· data file and must be equated with
the exterual file name used to assign the file (see
Section 4.2.2).
Print Output Paging. Option. --This option enables the
user to mdnimize the number of print output pages. A
value of "1" directs the program to minimize the output
pages by not starting a new page:with each type of output . . .
table.. If this option is n.ot punched or. is "0", the
program will start each unrelated output table on a new
page. The user is cautioned not to exercise this option
until. familiar with the output format because the con-
densed listing may be confusing.
4-13
Parameter
Na::ne
ISW(l7)
ISW(18)
ISW(l9)
ISW(20)
Lines Per Page Option --This option is provided to
enable the user to specify the number of print lines per
page on the output printer. The correct number of lines
per page is necessary for the program to maintain the
output format. If this value is not punched or is "O",
the program defaults to 57 print lines per page.
Optional Format for Joint Frequency of Occurrence --Tnis
parameter is a switch used to inform the program ~hether
it is to use a default format to read the joint frequency
of occurrance of speed and direction (FREQ) or to input
the format via data card. If this option is not punched
or is "O", the prC)gram uses the default format given
under FMT below. · If this option is set to a value of
"1", the array FMT belo~ is read by the program.
Option to Calculate P·lume Rise as a Function of Do~wind
Distance --This option is ·applicable to all stack sources
and if set equal to "O" or not punched, the do~wind dis-
tance is not considered in calculating the plume rise.
If ISW(l9).is set equal to "1", the plume rise calcu-
lation is a function of downwind distance.
Option to Add the Briggs (1973) Stack-Tip Do~~ash Correc-
tion to Stack Sources --This option is applicable to all
stack sources and if set equal to "O" or not punched, no
do~wash correction is made •. If ISW(20) is set equal to
"1", the Briggs (1973) do~~sh correction is applied to
the stack height for all stack sources.
. 4-14
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Parameter
Name
NSOURC
NGROtlP
Number of Data Card Input Sources --This parameter
specifies the number· of input card image sources. This
includes card images that specify a new source being
entered and card images that specify·modifications or
deletions-to sources: input from· tape or data file. If
this-value is not punched or is· "O"·. the program assumes
all. sources are input from tape or data file. Also, if a
negative value is punched for this parameter, the program
will continue to read source data card images until it
encounters an end-of-f1le or a negative source identifi-
cation number in the parameter NIJMS below. There is no
limit to the number of sources the program can process •
Number of Source Combination Groups --This par~ter is
; _. "•' .... -, -·-. . . . . . . ,, ... .. ~·
..• used-.. to;, setect: concentration' (deposition) calculations for .. . .---' . . .
specific sources or source. combinations to be print:ed under
the parameter ISW(S) above. A source combination consists of
ona or more sources· and is the sum of the concentrations
(deposition) calculated. for those sources. If the user de-
sires only individual source output or only all sources
combined or both, the parameter NGROtlP is not punched or
is set equal to 11 011 and ISW(S) is set according to which
option the. user desires. Also, if NGROtlP is not punched
or is set equal to "O", the parameters NOCOMB and IDSOR
below are omitted from the input data. However, if NGROtlP
is set greater· than zero, the program assumes the user
desires to r.estrict the output of concentration tables to
select individual sources or select combinations of sources
or both, depending on ISW(S). The maximum value for NGROUP
is 20. If more than 20 source combinations are desired they
must be produced in multiple runs of ISCLT. This can be
4-15
---------··. ···-----· ---.----~-------------------
?ara:neter
Na.me
NGROUP.
{Cone.) .. ·
done by specifying an output tape or data file on the first
execution. The user would then use this tape for input: on
subsequent runs to produce the remaining desired source
combinations. Also, only a few of the data cards and values
from the initial data deck are required on subsequent runs.
The parameter NGROU? cannot be used or punched non-zero
unless one or mare of the following conditions is met:
Condi.i.ton a -The rtm. uses an output tape or da t:a
file {user must specify NOFILE, if tape)
Condition b --.The run uses an input tape or data filet
but has no input data card sources (all
are taken from tape, NSOURC • "0") (user
must specify NOFILE, if tape).
Condition c -The total ·number of input sources
(NSOtmC + input .tape sources) is less
than or equal to the minimum of I and
.1, where
.1 = 300
and
I =
All of the variables in this equation
except K are the same as those defined
under ISW(ll) above.
4-16
(4-2)
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Parameter
Name
NGROUP
(Cont.)
NXPNTS
0
K •
, H· ( N •N _ +H _) .· S'· x. Y' xy
if ISW(S)•l
and ISW(ll)+2
if ISW(S)+l
or ISW(ll)•2
X-Axis/Range Receptor Grid Size --This parameter specifies
the number of east-west receptor grid locations for the
Car'tesian coordinate system. X-axis, or the number of
receptor grid ranges (rings) in the polar coordinate
system., depending on which receptor grid system. is chosen
by the: user under parameter ISW(2) ·-This is the number
. of X-axi.s: points' to be input. or the number of X-axis points
to be automatically generated by· the: program. A value of ... •. ---,-·-· --; .. -. ' .-•.-
"0" ·(not punched} , di.rects: the·.' program. to assume there is no
regular receptor grid. being used. The. maximum value of
· this· parameter· is related' to other· paramet:er values and
is given by the equat:ion
E > [N +N +2N ] + f<K•N +I) (N •N +N )] . X y . xy . L s X y xy (4-3)
where all. variables: in the above equation are the same as
those defined under ISW(ll) above except K and I, which
are defined as
•
if ISW(S)•l and ISW(ll);'2 (
if· ISW(S)+l or ISW(ll)•2 ~
4-17
Parameter
N~e
NXPNTS
(Cont.)
~"YPNTS
Nn."YPT
if ISW(4)•0 (no
I ..
if ISW(4)•1
This parameter is ignored by the program if tape or data
file input is being used.
Y-Axis/Azimuth Receptor Grid Size --This parameter spec-
ifieS the numb~r of north-south receptor grid locations
for the Cartesian coordinate system Y-axis, or the number
of receptor .. azimuth bearings from the origin in the polar
coordinate system, depending on which receptor grid sys-
tem is chosen by the -user under parameter ISW(2). This
is the number of Y-axis points to be input or the number
of Y-axis points to be automatically generated by the
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program. If the parameter NXPNTS is set nem-zero, the par am-. ' r·
eter NYPNTS must also be non-zero. The maximum value of this L
parameter is given by the equation under 1~NTS above.
The parameter NYPNTS is ignored by the program if tape
or data file input is being used.
Number of Discrete (Arbitrarily Placed) Receptors --This
parameter specifies the total number of discrete receptor
points to be input to the program. A value of "0" (not
punched) directs the program to assume no discrete recep-
tors are being used. This parameter must qe set to a
multiple of 10 if option ISW(l2) above is selected. Also,
the maximum value of this parameter is limited by the
equation given under NXPNTS above. This parameter is
ignored by the program if input tape or data file is
being used, except in the case where the ISW(l2) option
has been selected.
4-18
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Parameter
Name
NSEASN
NSPEED
NST.BLE
Number of Seasons --This parameter specifies the number
of seasons or months in the. input meteorological data. A
value. of "0" (not punched) defaults to "l". Also~ if
annual. meteorological data are being used, a value of "l"
should be specified. The maximum value of this parameter
is "4". If monthly STAR summaries and seasonal average
mix:ing. heights and ambient air temperatures are used to
calculate monthly concentration or deposition v.alues for
ea~ month of the year, four separate program runs, each
containing three "seasons" -(months), .. are requi.red. This
parameter is ignored. by the program if an input tape or
data file is being used.
:--·
Number of Wind Speed Categorlea'' ~ This parameter specifies
the number .. of_ wind speed categories in the input joint
frequency of occurrence. of wind speed and direction (FREQ).
A value of "O" (not punched) causes the. program to default
to "6" (maximum). This parameter· is ignored by the
program if an input tape or data file is being used.
Number of Pasquill Stability Categories --This parameter
specifies the number of Pasquill stability categories in
the· input joint frequency of occurrence of wind speed and
direction (FR.EQ). A value of "O" (not punched) causes
the program to default to "6" (maximum). This parameter
is ignored by the program if an input tape or data file
is being used.
4-19
------. ·····------
Na:me
NSCTOR
.NOFII.E
NO COMB
Number of Wind Direction Sector Categories --This param-
eter specifies the number ·of wind direction sector cate-
gories in the input joint frequency of occurrence of wind
speed and direction (FREQ). A value of "O" (not punched)
causes the program to assume the standard 11 16" (maximum)
sectors are to be used (see Section 2.2.1.2). This param-
eter is ignored by the program if an input tape or data
file is being used.
· Tape Data Set File Number --This parameter specifies the
output tape file number or, if only an input tape is being
used, the input tape file number. This parameter is used
by the ISCLT program to position the tape at the correct
·file if multiple passes through the data are required.
This parameter· must be input if the user is using Condi-
tion a or Condition b under ISW(ll) and/or under NGR.OUP.
This parameter does not apply to runs that use mass-stor-
age (assumed one file) or runs that satisfy Condition c
under ISW(ll) and/or NGR.OUP. Also, the user must posi-
tion input and output tapes at the correct files prior
to executing the ISCLT program.
Number of Sources Defining Combined Source Groups --This
parameter is not read by the program if the parameter
NGR.OUP above is zero or not punched. Otherwise, this
parameter is an array of NGROUP values where each value
gives the number of source identification numbers used to
define a source combination. The source identification
number is that number assigned to each source by the user
under the source input parameter NOMS below. An example
4-20
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Parameter
Name
NOCOMB
(Cont.)
IDS OR
and. a more detailed discussion of the use of this parameter
is. given. under IDSORC. below. A maximum of 20 values is
provided for this array.
Combined Source Group Defining Sources --This parameter
is not read by the program if the parameter NGROUP above
is zero or not punched. Otherwise, this parameter is an
array of source identification numbers that define each
combined source group to be output. The values punched
into the array NOCOMB above indicate how many source
identifi~tion numbers are punched into this array sue~
cessi vely for each · combined source output. The source .
identification. nlmibers ·_can.· be pul1ched in· two· ways • The
. first is-to punch a positive value· directing the program
to. include that specific source in tha combined output.
The second is to punch a negative value •. When a negative
value is. punched, the program includes all sources with
identification numbers: less than· or equal to it in abso-
lute _value; Also, if the negative value is preceded
by a positive value in the same defining group, •that
source is also included with those defined by the nega-
tive number, but no sources with a lesser source identi-
fication number are included. For example, assume NGROUP
above. is set equal to 4 and the array NOCOMB contains the
values 3, 2, _1; 0. Also, assume the entire set of input
sources is'defined by the source identification numbers
5, 72., 123, 223, 901, 902, 1201, 1202, 1205, 1206 and 1207.
To this point we have a total of 11 input sou1 .::es and we
desire to see 4 combinations of sources taken from these
11. Also, the array NOCOMB indicates that the first 3
4-21
Parameter
Name
IDS OR
(Cont.)
FMT
values in the array IDSORC define the first source combina-
tion, the-next.2-val~es (4th and 5th) in IDSORC define the
second combination, the 6th value in IDSORC defines the
third combination and the last combination has no de-
fining (0) sources so the program assumes all 11 sources
are used. Similarly, let the array IDSORC be set equal
to the values 5, 72, -223, 1201, -1207, -902.. The program
wi.ll first produce combined source output for source 5,
and all sources from 72 through 223. The second combined
source output will include sources 1201 through 1207.
The third will include source numbers 1 through 902 and
the last will include all sources input. Note that the
source identification numbers in each defining group are
in ascending ord~r of absolute value. Also, if ISW(S) equals
"2" (combined output only) and there are groups v."ith only
one positive source number (individual sources)., the program
logically treats these individual sources as combined sources.
Optional Format for Joint Frequency of Occurrence --This
parameter is an array which is read by the program only
if ISW(l8) is set to a value of "1". The array niT is
used to specify the format of the joint frequency of oc-
currence of wi.nd speed and direction data (FREQ, STAR
summary, fi . k 11 in Table 2-4). The format punched, if ,J' , .....
used, must include leading and ending parentheses. If
ISW(l8) is not punched or is set to a value of "O", the
parameter FMT is omitted from the input deck and the
program uses the default format "(6FlO.O)". This default
format specifies that there are 6 real values per card
occupying 10 columns each, including the decimal point
(period), and the first value is punched in columns one
through ten. If the user has received the STAR data £rom
4-22
.. ,.
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Parameter
Name
FMT
(Cont.)
an outside source, the deck must also be checked for the
proper order as well as format and, if the order is not
correct, the data must be repunched. The correct order
of. the STAR data is given under FREQ below. An example
of. a STAR deck punched in a formae noe compatible with
the default format for FMT is
Th:l.s example shows· i:he seability and direction categories
'· punched. in. columns 1 through; 17 and the frequency of oc-
currence data occupying columns 20 through 73. To input
these daea the user would set ISW(lS) equal. to "l" and
punch the format (FMT). as shown on the following example
input data card
This format directs the ISCLT program to skip the first
· 19 colum:DS on each frequency·of oeeunence ·card read and
4-23
Reproduced from
best available copy.
Paramet:er
Name
FMT.
(Cont.)
b.
to read six equally-spaced real values from the card.
Each value occupies 9 columns including the decimal point
(period) • The first value begins in column 20. The
program interprets the leading blank character of each
value as zero.
Receptor Data. These data consist of the (X,Y) or
(range~ azimuth) locations of all receptor points as well as the eleva-
tions of the receptors above mean sea level.
Parameter
Name
X
Receptor Grid System X-:-Ax:f.s or Range -This parameter is
read by the program only if the parameters NXPNTS and h~NTS
are non-zero and only if an input tape or data file is
not being used. This parameter is an array of values in
ascending order that defines the X-axis or ranges (=ings)
(depending on ISW(2)) of the receptor grid system in meters.
If only the first 2 values on the input card are punched
and the parameter NXPNTS is greater than 2, the program
assumes the X-axis (range) is to be generated automatically
and assumes t;he first value punched is the starting coordin-
ate and the second value punched is an increment used to
generate the remaining NXPNTS evenly-spaced points. If
all receptor points are being input, NXPNTS values must
be punched. The origin of the grid system is defined by
the user and can be anywhere.
4-24.
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Parameter
Name
y
X
(Discrete)
Receptor Grid System Y-Axis or Azimuth --This parameter
is read by the program only if· the parameters NXPNTS and
NYPNTS are. non-zuo. and· only if an input tape or data
file:. is not. being used. This parameter is an array of
values in ascending order that defines the Y-axis or azi-
muth bearings (depending on ISW(2)) of the receptor grid
system. in meters or degrees. If only the first 2 values
on the input card are punched (third and fourth values
are zero) and. the parameter NYPNTS is greater than 2, the
program. assumes the first value punched is the starting
coordinate and the second: value punched is the increment
used to generate the remaining NYPNTS evenly-spaced
(rectangUlar or. angUlar)' points.· U all receptor points
·are being input' NYPNTS.values must be punched. If polar
coordinates are being used,. Y is measured clockwi.se from
zero degrees (north) •
Discrete (Arbitrarily Placed) Receptor X or Range --This
parameter is not read by the program if the parameter
NXWfi'T. is zero or· if the program is using· an input tape
or data file with the ISW(l2) option set to zero. This
parameter is an array defining all of the discrete receptor
X points. The values are either· east-west distances or
radial distances in meters, depending on the type of
reference system specified by ISW(3). ·· NXWYPT points are
read by the program. The origin of these points is the
same as the origin of the regular (non-discrete) grid
system if one is used. Otherwise, the origin is defined
by the user and can be located anywhere.
4-25.
·-·--·-·-· --··---------· ·-·.------·----··-· ------------,----··---··
Parameter
Name
y
(D:rscrete.)
z
---··---· ------------·· ~~--·-~---~~--~--·--4------~--·· . .
(
Discrete (Arbitrarily Placed) Receptor Y or Azimuth --
This parameter. is not read by the program if the param-
eter NXWYPT is zero or if the program is using an input
tape or data file with the ISW(12) option set to zero.
This parameter is an array defining all of the discrete
receptor Y points in meters or degrees. The values are
either north-south distances or azimuth bearings (angular
distances) measured clockwise from zero degrees (north)
depending on the type of reference system specified by
ISW(3). NX.WYPT points are read by the program.
Elevation of. Grid System Receptors --This parameter is
not read by the program if the parameter I~w(4) is zero
or if an input tape is being used or if NXPNTS or NYPNTS
equals zero.. .This parameter is an array specif)..-ing the
terrain elevation: in feet · above mean sea level at each
receptor of the Cartesian or polar grid system. There
are NXPNTS .. NYPNTS v~ues read into this array. The
program starts the input of values with the first Y
coordinate specified and reads the elevations for each X
coordinate at that Y in the same order as the X coor-
dinates were input. A new data card is started for each
' Y value and the NXPNTS elevations for that Y are read.
The program w:Lll expect NYPNTS groups of data cards with
NXPNTS elevation values punched in each group. For
example, assume we have a 5 by 5 Cartesian or polar
receptor array:
4-26
[
c
[
l~
[
[
[
[
r L
[
r L
Q
[
[j
··C
L
E
[
L
[:
c:
[' .. :
'
[:
[:
!
c~
c:
[!
[
0
[
R u
r. L
Parameter
Name
·,. z
(Cont.)
y 4-
y 2
Rectangular
z6 Z7 za Zg
zl. Zz ZJ z4.
~ • .-. >
-X5
-X4
-X:3
2 -X2
-Xl
4-2.7
_.....;__ ---·---------·
Paramete:r
Name
z
(Cont.)
z
(Discrete)
c.
··-·--··-··-·····----------·. ·-·---------·-·······-·-··-----·-·--··--·-·--··
The values z 1 through z5 are read from the first card
group, the values z6 through z10 from the second card
group and z21 through z25 from the last card group.
Elevation of the Discrete (Arbitrarily Placed) Receptors --
This parameter is not read by the program if the parameter
ISW(4) is zero or if the parameter N'X:WYPT equals zero or
if an input tape is being used with the ISW(l2) option
equal to zero. This parameter, which is an array spec-
ifying the terrain elevation 1n .feet at each of the
NXW!PT discrete receptors, is input in the same order as
the discrete .receptors.
Identification Labels and Model Constants. T'nese
data consist of parameters. pertaining to heading and identification
labels and program constants. These data except for TITLE are not read
by the program if an input tape or data .file is being used.
Parameter
Name
TITLE
UNITS
Page Heading Label --This parameter is an array that
allows up to 80 characters of title information to be
printed as the first line of each output page.
Concentration/Deposition and Source Units Label --This
parameter is an array used for the optional input of two
units labels. The first 40 characters of this array are
provided for an optional output units label for concen-
t::-ation or deposition. This label is defaulted to "micro-
grams per cubic meter" for concentration and "grams per
4-28
[
F
"G
LJ
·[
[
[
[
[
c
[
[
L
[
[
[
D
[
c
c
[j
Parameter
Name
UNITS
(Cont.)
ROTATE
TK
square metet:." for deposit:ion.,. i:f the parameter TK below is
not punched or is "O" •.. The second 40 characters of this
array are provided for an optional source input units
label. This label is defaulted to "grams per second" for
concentration or "grams" for deposition for stacks and
volume sources and to "grams per second per square meter"
or "grams per square meter" foTr area sources, if the
parameter TK below is. not punched or is "O".
Wind Direction Correction Angle --This parameter is used
to correct for any difference between north as defined by
the· X.,. Y reference grid system· and. north as defined by
. .the l!Jeather station at which the wind direction data were . ' •, . ' ··. . ... -..
· recorded.. The. .. value of. ROTATE (degrees) is subtracted
· frout each wind-direction sector angle (THETA) • This
parameter: is positive: i:f the positive y· axis of the
reference grid. system points to the right of north as
defined by the weather station. Most weather stations
record direction relative to true north and the center of
most. grid systems are relative to true north. However,
some weather stations record direction relative to magnetic
north and the. ends of some UtM (Universal Transverse
Mercator) zones are not: oriented towards true north. The
user is cautioned to check the wind data as errors in the
wind direction distribution will lead to erroneous program
results. The default value of ROTATE is zero·.
Model Units Conversion Factor --This parameter is pro-
vided to give the user flexibility in the source input
units used and the. concentration or deposition output
units desired., Th:l.s parameter is a direct multiplier of
. 4-29
_ .. ______ _
Parameter
Name
TK
(Cont.)
ZR
BETAl
the concentration or deposition equation. If this param-
eter is not·punched or is set to a value of "0", the
program defaults to "1 x 10 6 " micrograms per gram for
concentration and to "1" for deposition. This default
assumes the user desires concentration in micrograms per
cubic meter or deposition in grams per square meter and
the input source units are grams per second or total
grams for stack and volume sources and grams per second
per square meter or grams per square meter for area
sources, depending on whether the program is to calculate
concentration or deposition. Also, if the default value
for this parameter .is selected, the program defaults the
units labels in the array UNITS above. If the user
chooses to input this parameter for other units, he must
also .input the units labels in UNITS above. This param-
eter corresponds to K in Equations (2-46), (2-53), (2-54)
and (2-55).
Weather Station Recording Height --This parameter is the
height above ground level in meters at which the meteoro-
logical data vere recorded. If this parameter is not
punched or has a value of "0", the program defaults to
"10" meters. This parameter corresponds to z1 in Equa-
tion (2-10).
Adiabatic/Unstable En~rainment Coefficient --This param-
eter, which is used in plume rise calculations, is the.air
entrainment coefficient for an adiabatic or unstable atmo-
sphere. If this value is not punched or is "0", the pro-
gram uses "0.6" as the default value. This parameter
corresponds to S, in Equation (2-4) • ...
4-30
[
[
[
_[
[
[
L
[
[
c
r~
[
[
E
[
[
----
[
0 ··-.....,..
[
c <
[,
c <
~ 6
[
[
Parameter
Name
B.ETA2
G
DECAY
Stable Entraimnent Coefficient --This parameter, which
is used< in the plume rise calculations, is the air entrain-
ment coefficient for a stable< atmosphere. If this value
is ·not punehed or---is-"0<"",.-the· program:-uses.-"O. 6" as the
default value. This parameter corresponds to a2 in
Equation (2-7) •
Acceleration Due to Gravity -This parameter, which is
used in the plume< rise calculations, is the acceleration
due to gravity. If this parameter is not punched or has
a value. of< "O", the<program.uses "9.8" meters per second
squared as the default value. '!his parameter correspond's
to g· in Equation <Z-2).
· .... , : ~. ;' :
' : . . '
Decay· Coeff:f,cient _, This parameter. is the coefficient ' '-1 <' <. '' .. '' ' '
(seconds. ) of time-dependent pollutant. removal by phys-
ical or· chemical processes (Equations (2-13), (2-14)).
The default for th:Ls parameter: is "O".
d~ Meteorological Data. These data are the meteorologi-
cal input parameters classified according to one or more of the categories
' '
of wind sp~~d, Pasquill.stability, wind direction and season or annual.
These parameters are not read by the program if an input tape or data
fUe is being used.
Parameter
Name
FREQ
Joint Frequency of Occurrence ---This parameter array
consists of the seasonal or annual joint frequency of
4-31
----, .. ·-<---···--·-·-
Parameter
Name
FREQ
(Cont.)
·------··------·-···~---'. -·---.,
occurrence of wind-speed and wind-direction categories
classified according to the Pasquill stability categories
(S'!AR summary, · fi . · k 11 in '!able 2-4). '!his parameter ,J' ....
has no default and must be input in the correct _order.
'!he program begins by reading the joint frequency table
for season 1 (winter) and stability category 1 (Pasquill
A stability). '!he first data card contains the joint
frequencies of wind speed categories 1 through 6 (1
through NSPEED) for the first wind direction category
(north). '!he second data card contains the joint frequencies
of wind speed categories 1 through 6 for the second wind
direction ·category (north~northeast). '!he program con-
tinues in this manner until the joint frequencies of the
last direction category (north-northwest) for stability
category 1, season 1 have. been read. The program then
. repeats this .same read sequence for stability category 2
(Pasquill B stability) 'and season 1. When all of the
stability category values for season 1 have been read, the
program repeats the read sequence for season 2, season 3,
etc. , until all of the joint frequency values have been
read. '!here are a total of NSPEED*NSC'!OR*NS'!BLE*NSEASN
values read in this data card group and a total of NSC'!OR*
NS'!BLE*NSEASN data cards. If the total sum of the joint
frequency of occurrences for any season (or annual) does
not add up to 1, the program will automatically normalize
the joint frequency distribution by dividing each joint
frequency by the total sum. Also, the program assumes
stability categories 1 through 6 are Pasquill stabilities
A through F. Seasons 1 t:l..cough 4 are no:rmally winter,
spring, summer and fall. See the parameter FMT above for
the format of these data.
4-32
[
c
['
u
[
[
[
0
[
L
[
i
Ci
'
'
[
0
u
[. ;
Parameter
Name
HM
DPDZ
Average Ambient Air Temperature --This parameter
consists of the average ambient air· temperatures
in Table 2-4), classified according to season (or
array
(Ta;k,~
annual)
and stability category,. in. degrees Kelvin. One data card
is read for each season ( 1 to NSEASN) with the temperature
values for stability. categories 1 through NSTBLE punched
across the card. When the program. has completed reading
these data cards, it will scan. all of the values in the
c;>rder. of input· and,. if any value is not punched or is
zero. the program will default to the last non-zero value
of tA it encountered.
Mixing Iie;!.ghts.-This. parameter arr~ consists of the
. · :~eO:±<m;~~~;-~;~~::~ight ~ me~ers (H in . . . . . · m;i,k,~
Table .z;..4) classified. accqrding to wind speed, stability
and season (or annuS.l.) • The program begins reading the
mixing layex:. heights. for season 1.. The program reads the
mixing· layer height values for each wind speed category
(l to NSPEED) from· each card. There are NSTBLE ( 1 through
NSTBLE) cards read for each season~ The program scans
each value input iii the order of input and, for each sea-
son, ·if a zero or non-punched value. is found, the program
defaults to the last non-zero value encountered within
the· values for that season. The ISCLT program automati-
cally uses a mixing height value of 10000 meters for the
E and F stability categories when the program is run in
the Rural Mode.
Poten~ial Temperature Gradient --This parameter array
consists of the vertical gradients of potential temperature
4-33'
Parameter
Name
DPDZ
(Cont.)
UBAR
(ae in Table_ 2-4) classified according to wind az. k J.,
speed and stability category in units of degrees Kelvin
per meter. There are NSTBLE (1 through NSTBLE) data cards
read with the values for wind speed categories 1 through
NSPEED read from each card. If the first value on a
data card is not punched or is zero for cards 1 through
4 (Pasquill stability A through D), the potential temper-
ature gradients are set equal to zero by the program for
these stability categories. If the first value on cards
5 or 6 (E and F) is zero or not punched the program
defaults to a value of 0,02 for card 5 (E stability) and
0.035 for card 6 (F stability). Also, if the second
-
through last value on any card is zero or not punched,
the program defaults to the last non-zero value found in
a scan of the data ·card.
Wind Speed --This parameter array consists of the median
wind speeds in meters per second (u 1 in Table 2-4) for
the wind-speed categories used in the calculation of the
joint frequency of occurrence of wind speed and direction
(STAR summary). There are NSPEED values read from this
card and if any value is not punched or is zero, the pro-
gram defaults to the following set of values: 0.75, 2.5,
4.3, 6.8, 9.5 and 12.5 meters per second.
Wind Direction --This parameter array consists of the
median wind direction angles in degrees for the wind-
direction categories used in the calculation o£ the joint
frequency of occurrence of wind speed and direction (S~~
summary). There are NSCTOR values read from 1 to 2 data
4-34
[
[
L
[
[
c
[
[
[
D
[
'[1
~
c
E
L
[
c
[
c
c
'~·
[
[
;
G
[
[
[
0
[
c
c.,
c
L
Pat:ametet:
Name
THETA
(Cont.)
p
cards and if the fit:st two values of this array ue not
. punched or are zero, the program defaults to the follow-
ing standat:d set of values: o. 22.5 •. 45, 67.5, 90, •
• ,. 337 .• 5 degrees (N,. NNE,: NE,. ·-• • ,. NNW). The wind
· cttrectiou is that angle from which the wind is blowing,
measured clockwise from zero degrees (north) •
Wind Speed Power Law-Exponent -This parameter array
consists of· the wind speed powet: law exponents (p in
Equation (2-10)) classified according to wind speed and
stability category. There are· NSPEED (1 through NSPEED)
values read per data card. for stability· categories 1
through NS'l'.BLX. If the first value on any data card in
thiS. ~et:. iii; .AQt ~~ed: ~r~ :fs zerb ~ the program defaults
to th~-vdua; f~em: tlle . fo'~g. set of values: A • 0. l,
1r •'.0.15, C: • 0.2·, D • 0.25; E •· 0.3,. F • 0.3 depending
on the stability category A through F.. Also, if any of
the second. through last-value on a card is not punched or
is zero, the:value is defaulted to the previous non-zero
value on the data card~
~· Source Data.. These data consist of all necessary
information required for each source. These data are divided into three
groups: ( l) par am.eters that ue required for all source cypes , ( 2)
parameters that are required· for stack type sources, and (3) parameters
that ue :.required for volume. sources and area sources. The order of
input of these parameters is given at the end of this section.
4-3.5
-------,------------------------
Parameter
Name
NUMS
DISP
Source Identification Number !his parameter is the
source identification number and is a 1-to 3-digit inte-
ger. If this number is negative, the program assumes
NOMS is only a flag to terminate the card source input
data. Also, if NOMS is not. punched or is zero, the pro-
graM will default NUMS to the relative sequence number
of the source input. This number cannot be defaulted if
source data are also being input from tape or data file.
Sources must be input in ascending ·order of the source
identification number.
Source Disposition --This paraMeter is a flag that tells
the program what to do with the source. If this param-
eter is not punched or has a value of "O", the program
assumes this is ~ new source for which concentration or
deposition is to be calculated. Also, if the program is
using an input . tape or data· file, this new source will be
merged into the old sources from tape or will replace a
tape source with the same source identification number.
If the parameter DISP has a value of "1" , the program
assumes that the tape input source having the same source
identification number is to be deleted from the source
inventory. The program removes the source as well as
the concentration or deposition arrays for the source.
if the parametel: DISP has a value of "2", the program
assumes the. source strengths to be read from data card
for this source are to be used to rescale the concentra-
tion or deposition values of the tape inpu~ source with
the same source identification number. The new source
strengths input from card replace the old values taken
4-36
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
r
t
[
c
[1
~ ..
[
[
D
[
[
c
0
c
6
G
c
6
[
L
· ..
.. ·-
·-·-
-.
Parameter
Name
DISP
(Cont.)
TYPE
DX
from the input tape and the concentration or deposition
arrays taken from tape are. multiplied by the ratio of
the new and. old. source strengths. The DISP option equal
to "2" can only be used if QFLG equals zero and the tape
input· source has QFLG equal to zero.
·Source Type .-This parameter is a flag that tells the
program what type of source. is being input. If this param-
eter is not punched. or is· "O", the program assumes a stack
source. If this parameter has a value of "1", the program
assumes a. volume source. Sim::l.larly, if this parameter has
a value. of "z"·, an: area. source is assumed.
·Source. Emissions Option'~· Ibis • parameter is a flag that -. . . . .
tells the· program hmr the input source emissions are
varied. If this. value, is:· not punched or is "O", the pro-
gram assumes the source emissions vary by season (or
anuual) and only tha NSEASN values are read by the program.
If this parameter has a value of "1" , the program assumes
the. source emissions vary by stability category and season. . .
If this parameter has a value of "2", the program assumes
the source emissions vary by wind speed category and sea-
son. If this parameter ·has a value of "3", the program
assumes the source emissions vary by wind speed category,
stability category and. season. The order of input of the
source strengths under each of these options is discussed
under. the parameter Q below.
Source X Coordinate --This pa~ameter gives the Cartesian
X (east-west) coordinate in meters of the source center
~37
---~---. ···-~---~·---···--·-----
Parameter
Name
DX
(Cont.)
DY
H
zs
Q
for stack and volume sources and the southwest corner
for area sources (X in Table. 2-6) relative to the origin
of the. reference gri.d system being used.
Source Y Coordinate --This parameter gives the. Cartesian
Y (north-south) coordinate iu meters of the source center
for stack and volume sources and the southwest corner for
area sources (Y iu Table 2-6) relative to the origin of
the reference grid system being used •
.Height of Emission -This parameter gives the height
above ground iu meters of the pollutant emission. For
volume sources, this is the height to the center of the
source.
Source ElevatiOn .__ This parameter gives the terrain ele-
vation in meters above mean sea level at the. source loca-
tion·and.is not used by the program unless receptor ter-
rain elevations (ISW(4)) are being used.
Source Emission --This parameter array gives the emis-
sion rate of the source for each category specified by
QFLG above. If QFLG above is "O", NSEASN values are read
from one data card. If QFLG is. "1", NSEASN data cards
are read with the source emission yalues for stability
categories 1 through NSTBLE read from each card. If QFLG
is "2", NSEASN data cards are read with the source emis-
sion values for wind speed categories 1 through NSPEED
read from each card. Ii QFLG is "3", NSPEED (1 through
4...;38
[
[
[
[
[
r L
[
[
c
[
[
[
[
c
[
[
[
c .
[
c
[
:
Parameter
Name
Q
(Cont •. )
NV'S
~----....-~c __
NSPEED) source emission values are read from each data
card and there are NS!BLE (l through NSTBLE) data cards
read for each season. There are no default values pro-
vided for· the· parameter· Q and the program assumes "O"
is a va.li.d source emission. The input units of source
· emission are:
Source Type Concentration Deposition
stack.: or ·mass per unit time total mass
volume:· (g/se.c)* (g)*
mass per unit time total mass per unit
area· per unit area area
f (g/ (sec•m2) )* (g/m2)*
*D~afaule Wlits
Number of Particulate Sue Categories -This parameter
gives the number-of particulate size categories in the
particulate distribution used in calculating ground-level
deposition. or concentration with deposition occurring.
If ground-level deposition (ISW(l) • "2") is being calcu-
lated,· this parameter must be punched and has a maximum
value of 20. A.lso,. if the program is calculating concen-
tration and: this value is punched greater than zero, con-
centration with deposition occurring is calculated. If
the parameter NVS'is greater· than zero, the program reads NVS
values for each of the parameter variables VS, FRQ and GAMMA
·below.
4-39
-·------------.. , __________ _
Parameter
Name
VS
FRQ
Stack Source
Parameters
TS
Settling Velocity --This parameter array is read only if
NVS above is greater than zero. This parameter is the
settling velocity in meters per second for each particulate
size category (l through NVS). No default values are pro-
vided for this parameter.
Mass Fraction of Particles -Thi.s parameter array is
read only if NVS above is greater than zero. This param-
eter is the mass fraction of particulates contained in
each particulate size category (1· through NVS). No default
values are provided for this parameter.
Surface Reflection Coefficient --.This parameter array
' .
is read · only if NVS above is greater than zero. This
parameter is the surface reflection coefficient for each
particulate size category (1 through NVS). A value of
"0" indicates no surface reflection (total retention) •
A value of "1" indicates complete reflection from the
surface. The reflection coefficient range is from 0 to
1 and no defaul.t values are provided.
Stack Gas Exit Temperature --This parameter gives the
stack gas exit temperature (T in Table 2-6) in degrees s
Kelvin. If this parameter is zero, the exit temperature
is set equal to the ambient air temperature. If this
parameter is. negative, its absolute value is added to the
ambient air temperature to form the stack gas exit temper-
ature. Fe.: example, if the stack gas exit temperature is
15 degreeS Celsius above the ambient temperature, enter
TS as -15 (the minus sign is used by the program only as
a flag).
4-40
n
[
c
r L
[
[
c
[
[
[
c
t
r t:
L
~:
I
;
[! i
' ~!
!
[
[
[
[
[
c
[
;.
[
[
... .. ·-., .. _
c
[
E
c~
lJ
E
b
L
Stack Source
Parameters
Stack Gas Exit Velocity --This parameter gives the stack
VEL g_as exit velocity in meters per second. No plume rise is
calculated if VEL is equal to zero •.
D
HB
BW
WAKE
Stack Diameter -This parameter· gives the inner stack
diameter· in meters and no default is provided.
Building Height --This parameter gives the height above
ground leveL in meters of the building adjacent to the
stack. This parameter and BW beZobJ aont;zoo7, the wake effeats
option. If HB. and BW a:zoe punched non-zero., wake effeats for
the respective source a:re aonsidered. However, if HB and BW
are.· not· punched. or: both. equal. "O", wake effects for the
· respectiv;e source are not. considered (seeSection 2.4.l.l.d).
Building. Width -This parameter gives the width in meters
of: the b.uilding.adjacent to the stack. If the building is
not: square, input the diameter of a circular building of
equal. horizontal. area. If. HB is not punched or is zero,
this value should not be punched.
Supersquat Building Wake Effects Equation Option ·--'This
option is used to control the equations used in the calcula-
tion of the lateral virtual distance (Equations (2-31)
and (2-33)) when the effective building.width to height
ratio. (BWiHB) is greater than 5. If this parameter is not
punched or has a value of "O" and the width to height
ratio is. greater than 5, the program will use Equation
(2-31) to calculate the lateral virtual· distance produc-
ing the upper bound of the concentration or deposition for
the source. If this parameter has a value of "1", the
4-41
.... --·-----··-··-····----------------· ---
Stack Source
Parame-cers
WAKE
(Cont.)
Volume Source
Parameters
SIGYO
SIGZO
Area Source
Parameters
xo
f.
program uses Equation (2-33) producing the lower bound of
the concentration or deposition for the source. The appro-
priate value for this parameter depends on building shape
and stack placement with respect to the building (see Section
2.4.1.l.d) ·-
Standard Deviation of the Crosswind Distribution --This
parameter gives the standard deviation of the crosswind
distribution of the volume source (a in Table 2-6) in yo
meters. See Section 2.4.2.3 to determine the correct
value for this parameter. No default value is provided.
Standard Deviation of the Vertical Distribution --This
parameter gives the standard deviation of the vertical
distribution of the volume source (a in Table 2-6) in zo
meters. See Section 2·.4.2.3 to determine the correct value
for this parameter.
this parameter.
No default value is provided for
Width of Area Source -This parameter gives the width of
the area source (x in Table 2-6) in meters. This param-o
eter should be the length of one side of the approximately
square area source. No default is provided for this param-
eter.
Source Data .Innut Order. There are from one to four
data input card groups of one or more cards each required to input the
4-42
[
[
[
r L-
[
[
D
L
t
L
11
i
L
[
[
['
L
[
[
c
l
c
[
c
E
L
[
...... . ·:;.~
source data. The data cards and parameters required depend on the source
type (TYPE) and on the parameters DISP, QFI.G, NVS and the concentration/
deposition option parameter ISW(1). Card Group 17 is always included in
the input deck for each source input (1 to NSOURC). Card Groups 17a
through 17 c are included only if NVS on Card Group 17 is non-zero. Card
Group l.7d is included only if DISP on. card Group 17' equals "O" or "2".
The· order of input: of these· source cards-is Car~ Group 17 ·followed by
those used from 17a. through 17d. for each successive source input. DO
NOT stack all of 17 together, all of 17a together, etc. or the program
will terminate in error.
Source Input
Card Group 17
Required Source Parameters for Card Group 17 -The param-
eters read from the first data card for each source and
their order are:
Stack Sources -· NOMS, DISP ,. TYPE,. QFLG, DX, DY, H,
ZS,. TS, VEL,. D, HB, BW~ WAKE, NVS
Volume Sources -NOMS,. DISP, TYPE, QFLG, DX, DY, H,
ZS,. SIGYO,. SIGZO, NVS
Area Sources -NDMS, DISP, TYPE, QFLG, DX, DY, H,
ZS, XO, NVS
' .
If the parameter DISP on this card is set to value of "O",
all parameters on this card are expected to have the cor-
rect value and the program may read Card Groups 17a, 17b
and 17c (depending on NVS) and will read Card Group 17d.
If DISP is set to a value of "1", only the parameters
NOMS and DISP are referenced (required) on this card,
the program assumes it is to delete an incoming tape or
data file source and only this data card is read for this
4-43
Source Input
Card Group 17
(Cont.)
Source Input
Card Groups
17a, 17b
and 17c
·source Input
Card Group 17d
source. If DISP is set to a value of "2", on.+y the param-
eters NOMS, DISP and QFLG are referenced (required) on
this card because the program assumes it is _to-. read
the source sttengths from Card Group 17d and to. rescale
the concentration or deposition of an incoming tape or
data file source. Parameters not referenced on this
first data card are set from tape or data file source
data by the program.
Source Particulate Distribution pata --This card group
consists of three sets of one or more data cards each
and is read by the program only if DISP is set to "O" and
the parameter NVS is set to a value greater than zero for
concentration calculations with deposition occuring or
,.
for deposition calculations. The first data card(s) con-·
tains the values of the parameter array VS, the second
contains the values of the parameter array FRQ and the
third contains the values of the parameter array GAMMA.
A total of NVS values are read from each set of cards.
Source emissions --the last input card group for a source
contains the source emission values for the source. This
4-44 ...
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Source Input
Card Group 17d
(Cont.)
4.1.3
card group consists of ona or more data cards and is read
only if the parameter DISP is .!!E.£. equal to "1". The num-
ber o:f cards required and the order of values input depends
on tha parameters QFLG and is given under the source
strength parameter Q above.
Output Information.
The ISCLT. program· generates f:f.ve categories of program output.
Each category is opt:f.onal to. the user. That is, the user controls what
output other than war:ni:ng and error messages tha program generates for
a g:f.ven run. In. the following paragraphs,.. each category of output is
related to tha spec:f.f:f.c input parameter that controls. the output category.
All prograui outpUt are pnnted: ~Ce'(J~ fo~C~glie~c tape'or. data file out:..
put.
are. Input:' Parameters. Output.· The ISCLT program• will print:
all of the input data except for source data :f.£ the paramet:er ISW(6) is
set equal to a value of "1" or "3" •. An example of this output is shown
in Figure 4..o4 of Seet:f.on 4.2.4 and in the example problems given in Appen-
dix D •.
b. Source Parameters Output. The ISCLT program will
print the input card and tape source data if the parameter ISW(6) is
set to a value of "2" or "3". An example of the printed source data
is shown in Figure 4-3 of Section 4.2.4 and in the example problems
given in Appendix D.
4-4.5
•
-
c. Seasonal/Annual Concent=ation or Deposition. :he paramete=
ISW(l) specifies whether the program is to calculate concentration or depo-
sition and the parameter NSEASN specifies if seasonal or annual input
meteorological data is being used. The option ISW(7) is used to specify
whether seasonal output or annual output or both is to be generated.
If the input meteorological data are seasonal (winter,-spring, summer,
fall), the program can be directed to produce tables of seasonal as well
as annual concentration or deposition by setting the parameter ISW(7)
equal to "O" or "3". Also, only seasonal tables are produced if ISW(7)
equals "1". If the parameter NSEASN is set equal to a value of "1" and
only annual output is selected (ISW(7)="2"), the program labels the output
concentration or deposition as annual calculations. However, if seasonal
output is selected with NSEASN equal to "1", the output tables are labeled
seasonal. Also, all seasonal output is labeled season 1, season 2, etc.,-
requiring the.user to keep track of the actual meteorological season.
Example seasona~ an4 annual output tables are shown in Figures 4-4 and
4-5 in Section 4. 2. 4 as well as Appendix D.
d. Concentration or Deposition Printed for the Maximum 10 and/or
All Rece~tor Points. The ISCLT program.is cabable of printing the
concentration or deposition calculations for each receptor point input
to the program o= printing only the maximum 10 of those receptors or
both. The parameter ISW(lO) is used to determine which calculations are
to be printed. If ISW(lO) is set equal to "1", only the maximum 10
values and receptors determined by ISW(ll) or ISW(l2) are printed. If
ISW(lO) is set equal to "O", the results of calculations at all receptors
are printed and the maximum 10 are not printed. If ISW(lO) i~ set equal
to "2", the program prints .the .results of calculations at all receptors
in addition to the maximum 10. Examples of output tables giving the
calculations at all points and the maximum 10 are given in Figures 4-4
through 4-10 of Section 4.2.4 and in Appendix D.
e. Magnetic Tane or Data File Outnut. The ISCLT program
will write all input data and all concentration (deposition) calculations
4-46
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to magnetic tape or data file. These data are written to the logical
unit number specified by the parameter ISW(lS). This tape or data file
must be assigned to the run prior to the execution of the ISCLT program,
positioned to the correct file and must be equated to the logical unit
number _given .in ISW(lS). ISW(lS) must be a positive value for magnetic
tape or a negative: value for mass storage. If: seasonal meteorological
input data are used~· the program saves only seasonal concentration
(deposition) on the output file and if. input is annual, only annual
calculations are saved. This output file can be read back into the
ISCLT program to print tables not output in the original run and/or to
modify the source inventory for corrections or updates in the source
emissions. The instructions on how to assign the output magnetic tape
or file are given in Section 4.2.2 and. approximations as to the length
of magnetic tape required. are given in Section 4.2.5.c. A IIICre detailed
description of the contents and. fo1:111at of the output tape file is given
in Section 4 •. 2. 4.
. . . , . . . . .
4.2. USER'S INSTRUCTIONS. FOR TBE. ISCLT· PROGRAM
4 •. 2..1. Program Description
The rsc· long-term (ISCLT) program-is designed to
calculate ground-level average concentration or total deposition values-·
produced ·by '·emissions from multiple stack~ volume and area sources •
. The g~ound-level concentration or·total deposition values can be calcu-·
lated on a seasonal (monthly) or· annuai basis or both for an unlimited
number of . sources. The program is capable of producing the seasonal
and/or· annual results for eaCh individual source input as well as for
the combined (summed) seasonat and/or ·annual results from multiple
groups -of user-selected sources. The program calculations of concentra-
tion·or deposition are performed for an input set of receptor coordinates
defining a fixed receptor grid system and/or for discrete (arbitra~ily
placed) receptor points. The receptor grid system may be a right-handed
Cartesian coordinate system or a polar coordinate system. In either
4-47
-------·--------....
case, zero degrees (north) is defined as the positive Y axis and ninety
degrees (east) is defined as the positive X axis and all points are
rela~ive to a user-defined hypothetical origin (normally (X=O, Y=O),
although the Universal Transverse Mer.cator (U'IM) coordinates may be
used as the Cartesian coordinate system).
Capabilities of the ISCLT program. include:
•
•
•
•
••
The capability to calculate either ground-level average
concentration or total deposition
The capability ta process an unlimited number of sources
The capability to model stacks; volume sources and area
sources in the same execution
The capability to specify source locations anywhere
within or outside of th~ receptor grid system or discrete
rec·eptor points
The capability .to produce either seasonal or annual
results or both
The capability to display concentration or deposition
from individual sources
• The capability to display combined (summed) concentra-
tion or deposition from multiple user-related subsets
of the sources or from all sources
The capability of saving the results of all calculations,
the source data and the meteorological data on a master
source/concentration (deposition) inventory magnetic
tape or data file
4-48
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• !he capability of updating (adding to, modifying or
deleting from) a master source/concentration (deposi-
tion) inventory magnetic tape or data file
•· The capability to specify· a regular receptor array or
a set of discrete (arbitrarily placed) points or both
., The capability to specify a right-handed Cartesian coor-
dinate system. or a polar coordinate system for the regular
receptor array or for the discrete (arbitrarily placed)
receptors
•· The capability to specify· terrain elevations for each re-
ceptor· and source for concentration calculations
.. The: capability· to specify either an urban or a rural
•-The cap&bU:t.ey· of: displiiiying the IIWidmum.-10 coucentra-
. tion or· depositiOn;. values ·and their-locations for each
indiv:ldual. source and for the combined (summed) sources
• The capability of displaying the 10 values of concentra-
,: tion or deposition from each source that contributes to
the maximum 10 · for the combined (summed) sources
e-The capability of let.ting· the program. determine the maxi-
mum 10 locations or letting the user specify a select
group of 10 locations on a seasonal or annual baS.is
'
• The capability of using either seasonal or annual mete-
orological data
-:---··· --· -·· -----
•
•
The capability of specifying the number of wind speed,
Pasquill stability and wind direction categories in the
meteorological data
The capability to vary source emissions by season, by
Pasquill stability category and season, by wind speed
category and season or by wind speed category, ·Pas quill
stability category and season (season is defined as
winter, spring, summer and fall or annual only)
The ISCLT computer program is written in FORTRAN, is designed
for use on a UNIVAC 1110 computer and is compat~ble with both the UNIVAC
FORTRAN V and ASCII compilers. However, the program is also designed to
execute on most medium to large scale computers with minimal or no
modifications. Program modifications necessary for computers other than
the L~IVAC 1100 series-computers are given below in Section 4.2.7. The
program requires approximately:65,000 words (UNIVAC 1110) of executable
core for instruction and data storage. The program design assumes a
minimum of 32 bits per variable word and a minimum of four character
bytes per computer word. The program also requires from two to four
input/output devices, depending on whether the tape input/output options
are used. Input card image data is referenced as logical unit 5 and
print output, which requires ·132-character print columns, is referenced
as logical unit 6. The optional tape or data file input is referenced
as logical unit 2 and the output is referenced as logical unit 3. The
user has the option of either using the default logical unit numbers
given here or specifying alternate logical unit numbers. The computer
program consists of a mai~ program (ISCLT) and 15 subroutines (MODEL,
Oli'TPT, HEADNG, MXIMUM, CHECKR, SUMMER, TITLR, DISTR, FUNCT, VERTCl,
VERTC2, VERTC3, SIGMAZ, VIRTZ and VIRTY). The FORTRAN source code for
each of these routines is given in Appendix B and a logic flow descrip-
tion of the ISCLT program is given in Appendix I.
4-50
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4.2.2 Con~rol Language and Data Deck Setup
a. Control Language Requirements. The following illus-
trates the required ECL control statement runsteam for a typical run on a
UNIVAC lllO Operating System:
l. @RUN,priority jobid,acr:ount.userid,
time,pages
2. @PASSWD user-password
3. @ASG,A prog-file •.
4.
5.
@ASG,T input-tape-file.,l6N.reel-number
@USE an,input-tape-file ..
or
@ASG,A input-file·.
@USE mi.input.;..file.
@ASG,TF/W output-tape-file.,l6N,reel-
number
@USE mm,output-tape-file.
@MOVE output-tape;_file.,t
or
~51
}
May be necessary with
batch runs, depending
on system
}
Optional, required
only if ISW(S)-2·;.·or
· l and data is on tape
} Optional, requir~d
only if data is the
Jl. th file on tape, Jl.> 1
}
Optional, required
only if ISW(5)•2 or
3 and data is on mass
storage file
}
Optional, required
only if ISW(S)•l or
3 and data is output
to tape
}
Optional, required
only if data output
file t is greater
.than 1
------··-------------
6.
7.
s.
---···-··--·----·-· ··-----·~-····-··-·-··--·····--·--.
@ASG,CP output-file.
@USE mm, output-file.
or
@ASG, T output flle.
@USE mm,output-file.
@XQT prog-file.ISCLT
card-input-data
@FIN
where
priority
jobid
account
use rid
time
-
-
-
=
=
job run priority
Optional, required
only if ISW(5)=l or
3 and data is output
to a mass storage
file to be catalogued
and saved at the end
of the run
Optional, required
only if ISW(5)=1 or
3 and data is output
to a temporary mass
storage file to be
deleted at the end
of the run
six-character use~ supplied job iden-
t~fication. May also specify core
usage requirements, check with your
system consultant
account number, assign by installation
accounting
six-character user identification
code
execution time required
4-32
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pages • maximum number of output pages
user-password • password, assigned by installation
accounting
prog-file • is the name of the program file.
This illustration assumes the user
(installation) has assembled and
collected (linked) the long-term
program into this file and called
the absolute program ISCLT.
input-tape-file • a user supplied file name used to
reference the optional source/con-
centration (deposition) inventory
input tape. This tape was created
.. ·.~ .. by a:> previ.Ous run of· the ISCLT· pro-
.'· .. gram.
reel-number -the· physical tape reel-number as-
nn -
signed by the installation tape li-
brarian. Each tape reel-number is
unique.
the FORTRAN logical unit number with
which the ISCLT program is to reference
(read) the input tape. · This number is
defined under the ISW(l4) parameter
input option and is always positive here.
1 • the number of file-marks to space
over·on t~e input tape to position
the tape at: the desired input data
set:. 'The MOVE card is only required
if 1>1.
4-53
. . ---·-----------·--------·--·-· --------·---------.... -·· -........ .
input-file
output-tape-file
mm.
output-file
=
=
the_name of a catalogued file con-
taining the input source/concentra-
tion (deposition) inventory. This
assignment assumes the file was
created by a previous run of the
ISCLT program.
a user supplied file name used to
reference the optional source/con-
centration (deposition) inventory
output tape.
= ·the FORTRAN logical unit number with
which the ISCLT program is to refer-
ence (write) the output tape. This
number is defined under the ISW(l5)
parameter input option and is always
positive here.
= the name of a catalogued or temporary
file to which the output source/con-
centration (deposition) inventory
is to be written.
card-input-data = that card deck consisting of all
necessary data cards defined in
Section 4.1.2 above and shown in
Figure 4-l, Section 4.2.2.b.
The JCL control statement runstream for a typical run on an
I~~ 360 Operating System is given below:
l. //jobid JOB(account),'name' ,Time=time
4-54
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6 •.
7.
8.
9.
10.
//JOBLIB DD DSNAME-prog-file,DISP•(OLD,PASS)
//STEPl EXEC PGM•ISCLT
//FT05F001 DD DDNAME•SYSIN
//FT06F001 DD SYSOUT•A
//FTnnFOOl DD DSN-taput-tape-file,UNIT-TAPE,VOL•SER•reel-number,
DCB•RECFM•V,DISP=OLD
//FTmmFOOl DD DSN-output-tape-file,UNIT~E,VO~SER•reel-number,
DCB-RECFM•V,DISP•(NEW,KEEP)
//GO.SYSIN DD *
card-input-data ·
"•'-'"
I* ··.···.
where the lower case names and letters are defined the same as under
the UNIVAC ECL definitions. Thia illustration assumes the user has as-
sembled the ISCLTprogram. into-an absolute-deck located in a catalogued
library "prog-file" and that the absolute deck is called ISCLT. Also,
cards 6 and 7 are optional input and output tapes.
The control statement runstream for a typical run on a CDC
6500 Operating System is given by:
1. job-card (s)
· 2. REQUEST, IAPEnn,VR.N-reel-number,HY -Optional input tape
3. REQUEST,~Emm,VRN-reel-number,mN,HY -Optional output tape
4-55
.. ------···--··----·----·
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
.. ·. '
ATTACH, IS CLT, prog-file (,options]
z:a.o.
ISCLT.
879} Card Column One
card-input-data
8~9l s Card Column One
where
job-card(s) • job card or cards that consist of
the job name, account, password, etc.
depending on the installation.
The remaining lower case names and letters are defined the same as under
the UNIVAC ECL definitions. .The illustration assumes the user has
assembled the ISCLT program into an absolute deck located in a catalogued
file "prog-file" and that the absolute deck, which is called ISCLT, is
used as the LGO (load and .go) file.
b. Data Deck Setun. The card input data required by
the ISCLT program depends on the program options desired by the user.
The card input deck may be partitioned into five major groups of card
data. Figure 4-l illustrates the input deck setup. The five major input
deck groups are:
1. Title Card (1 data card)
2. Program Option and Control Cards (2 to 5 data cards)
4-56
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(2)
(ll(n=
(5)
NOMS. DISP, etc. (t:his deck consists
of all. source ,dat:a. cards (Card
Groups 17 through 17 d) a.D.d is in-
cluded in t:he dat:a. deck. onl.y if
NSOIJRC ·> 0). Group Card Groups 17
t:hrough l7d together for each
source •.
FMT {this deck. consists of parameter
card groups FMT (group 9) through
(4) parameter card group P (group 16)
aud is . incl.ude.d ill the data deck.
ouly if ISW(S) ~ 1)
A
( z (elevations deck.)
I
. ( Y (arbj,traril.y spaced Y points deck)
(.3). A .· .. 1 ·. · ( Y ·(grid system Y-axis deck.)
A· 1 ( X (arbitrarily spaced X points deck)
A
f x· (grid system x-axis deck)
UNITS (read. oUly if ISW(S) ~ 1)
IDSORC (read ouly if NGROUP > 0)
NOCOMB (read onl.y if NGROUP > 0)
FIGURE 4-1. . Input data deck setup for the ISCLT program •
4-57
.
----·----·· ····· ----·-··---------------
3. Receptor Data Cards (the number of data cards included
in this group depends on the parameters ISW(4), ISW(5),
ISW(l2), NXPNTS, NYPNTS and NXWYPT)
4. Meteorological Data Cards (this card deck is included in
the input deck only if ISW(S) is less than or equal
to "1")
5. Source Data Cards (this card deck is included in the in-
put deck only if NSOURC is greater than zero)
4.2.3 Input Data Description
Section 4.1.2 provides a summary description of all input data
parameter requirements for the ISCLT program. This section provides the
user with the FORTRAN format and order in which the program requires
the input data parameters. The input parameter names used in t~~s section
are· the same as those introduced in Section 4.1.2. Two forms of input
data may be input to the program. One form is card image input data
(80 characters per record) in which all required input data may be en-
tered. The other form is magnetic tape or mass storage on which some of
the required input data was stored as part of a previous run of the
ISCLT program. Both forms of input are discussed below.
a. Card Input Reauirements. The ISCLT program reads all
card image input data in a fixed-field format with the use of a FORTRAN
"A", "I" or "F'' editing code (format). Each parameter value must be
punched in a fixed-field on the data card defined by the start and end
card columns specified for the variable. Table 4-4 identifies each
variable by name and respective card group. Also, Table 4-4 specifies
the card columns (fixed-field) for the parameter value and the editing
code ("A", "I" or "F") used to interpret the parameter value. Parameters
using an "A" editing code are alpha-numeric data items used primarily for
4-58
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Card· Parame~er
Group Name
1 TITLE
2 ISW(1) 'lc
'lc
ISW(2)
'lc
ISW(l)
'lc
lSW(4)
ISW(5)
C"'l .. ·r-1 ··c--J r--1· ·.
l: I
, ..
TABL~ 4-4
ISCLT PROGRAM C4RJ) INPUT PARAMETERS,
FORMAT ANP. p~SCRIPTION
Car4
Colullllls·
1 -SQ
2
4
~
8 ..
10
FORTRAN
Edit Code
·(Format)
p
IJ
:u
~.t.~Jnk, 0 or 1 "'! c::alculate concentration
2 .., c~lcQlf4te d~~ostt1o11
)>lank, 0 or J • Cartes~all coor4tq.~te receptor srid
Iii)' Stem
~ • folar ~oordioat• receptor grid sys-
tem
l • Cartesian discrete
placed) rec~ptor~
~ • Polar diacret~
receptofs
(arbitrarily
. 'flJ.ank 0" 0 -no terrain elevation data
· 1 • terrain elevat!oq 4ata
' l>hnk or 0 "'! no input or output tape
J • output tape only
2 a inp~t tape only
3 • both input and output tapes
*These parameters are set automatically l>Y t.he pr.ogram and cannot be changed if tape input ISW(5) =
2 or 3) is being used.
L
f
"' 0
Card
Group
2
(Cont.)
:~
Parameter
Name
ISW(6)
ISW(7)
ISW(8)
ISW(9)
ISW(lO)
Card
·Columns
12
14
16 ;
18
20
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
FORTRAN
Edit Code Description
(Format)
11 blank or 0-.input data are not printed
1 -print all but source input data
2 .. print source input data only
3 .. print all input data
11 1 .. print seasonal (monthly) calculations
only
2 ... print annual calculations only
blank. 0 or 3 • print both seasonal and annual cal-
culations
11 1 .. print only concentration (deposition)
from individual sources
2 ... print only concl;lntration (deposit ion)
' ~rom combined sources
blank, 0 or 3 • print concent~ation (deposition)
from both individual and co1nbined
sourcea
11 1 "" Urban Mode 1
2 = Urban Mode 2
blank, 0 or 3 .. Rural Mode if ISW(5) = 0 OL" 1
blank or 0 = Value from input tape if ISW(5) = 2 or 3
11 blank or 0 • maximum 10 concentration (deposition)
values are not calculated
1 "' maximum 10 concentration (deposit:ion)
values are calculated according to ISW
(ll) or ISH(Jn and only these calcula-
tions are printed
.------.. ' j
t
0\ .....
~ 11::,, .. ;
Card
Group
2
(Cont.)
Parameter
Name
ISW(lO)
(Cont.)
ISW(ll)
ISW(l2)
ISW(13)
ISW(l4)
Card
Columns
24
25 -26
27 .... 28
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
fO~TRAN
Edit Coqe
(lltl'I"~A t" \
12'
12
Pescriptioq
2 • ~aximum 10 concentration. (qeposition)
values are calculateq according to lSW(ll
or lSW(l2) and these as well as the con-
centr~tion (deposit!on) values at all
otller receptors are pdnted
. !l~~nk Of 0 • see ISW(l2) if lSW(lO) > 0
· .· · l "" program determines maximum 10 of each
~nd~vidual source ~d source combina-
tion independently Qf eacp other
2 • prog~a~ determines maximum 10 of com-
bined sources and pr!nts those as well
as tpe contributions of each individual
source to those r~ceptora
~l~qk or 0 ~ see JSW(11) if ISW(lO) > 0
· ~ 1 ~ user specifies maxi~~ 10 or special 10
·receptors
~l~nk or 0 • print outpu~ goes to fORTRAN loaical
unit 6 (printer)
· · n > 0 "" print output soes ~P fORTRAN logical
unit n followed by two end-of-file marks
n < 0 m print output goes to FORTRAN logical
unit ll. with no end-of-Hle marks
blank or 0 "" tape input data is read from FORTRAN
logical unit 2
n > 0 ... input data is read from magnetic tape
on FORTRAN logical unit n
n < 0 "" input data is read f~om mass-storage
on FORT.RAN logical unit n
Card
Group
Parameter
Name
Card
Columns
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
FOitl'RAN
Description EMt Code
(Format\ ----------1------------~f-----------·-~~~~l-t-----------------------------~-------------------------4
2
(Cont.)
ISW(15)
ISW(l6)
ISW(l7)
1SW(l8)
ISW(l9)
ISW(20)
29 -30 12
32 Il
33 -34 12
35 -36 12
38 Il
40 Il
blank or 0 = tape output data is written to FORTRAN
logical unit 3 (magnetic tape)
n > 0 = output data is written to magnetic tape
on FORTRAN logical unit n ··
n < 0 -output data is written to mass storage
on FORTRAN logical unit n
blank or 0 • each new output table starts on a new page
1 = program minimizes number of output pages
by not starting a new page even though
successive tables are not related.
blank ot 0 • the program prints 57 lines per page
before ejecting to a new page
n > 0 • the program prints n linea per page
before ejecting to a new page
blank or 0 "" the Jlrogram reads Card Group 9a using a
6no.o format
1 = the program reads Card Group 9 which speci-
fies the format the program is to use to
read Card Group 9a
blank or 0 = plume rise is independent of downwind
distances
1 = plume rise is dependent on downwind
distance
blank or 0 a no stack~tip downwasb correction is made
at the stack height
l "' the Brlggs (1973) downwasb correction Js
applied to the stack height
Card
Group
3
Parameter
Name
NSOURC
NGROUP
NXPNTS*
NYPNTS*
· NXWYPT
NSEASN*
Card
Columns
1 - 4
s -8
9 -12
13 -l6
17 -20
21 -24
-L -J
;:-
TABLE 4~4 (Coptinued)
FORTRAN
Ed~t Code
(Format)
14
14
14
Description
Numbef of card image input S04fces to be read
4ndef Card Gr~up 17 to 17d below. lf negative
. ~he program w~ll continue to read Card Group
~1 to J.7d until a negative ~OUfCe JD-number
1~ read from Card Group 17.
Number of different source combinations used
~~ pr~nt concentra~ion (derosition) calcula-
~~0~~ (the maximum is 20). If se~ to zero
Cafd Gr 0 ups 4 and 4a are omitted fro~ the in-
put card decl<,.
H~mber of receptors in the X-axia of the·recep-
~or grid system. (The numbef ot rings in polar
.·.coordinates.)
l<fumber of receptors in the Y-axis ot the recep-
tor grid sy~t~. (The numbe~ of rad~als in
polar coordin~tes.)
Number of discrete (arbitr~rilY placed) recep-
tor points. This parameter is not used if ·
ISW(5) • 2 or 3 unless JSW(12) ~~ non-zero.
Number of seasons (months) in the input mete-
orological data. The maximum for this param-
eter is 4 and if blank or 0 the default is 1.
*Theoe parwqeters are set automatically by the program and cannot be changed if tape input (IS\1(5) ,..
2 or 3) is being used.
l. . J
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
Card Parameter Card FORTRAN
Group Name Columns Edit Code Description
(Format)
3 NSPEED* 25 -28 14 Number of wind speed categories in tbe joint
(Cont.) frequency of occurrence of wind speed and
direction. The maximum is 6 and 6 is the
default value if blank or o.
NSTBLE* 29 -32 14 Number of Pasquill stability categories in
the joint frequency of occurrence of wind
speed and direction. The maximum is 6 and
the default'is 6 if blank or 0.
NSCTOR* 33 -36 14 Number of wind direction sector categories in
the joint frequency of occurrence of wind
speed and direction.· The maximum is 16 and
the default is 16 if blank or 0.
NOFILE 37 -40 14 Output file number of output tape or if no
output tape, then input file number of input
tape. Applicable to magnetic tape only,
wben Condition a or Condition b is being
used under ISW(ll) or NGROUP.
*These parameters are set automatically by the program and cannot be changed if tape input (ISW(5)
m 2 or J) is being used.
rr. -l.~' r:--1
.. .:.L••'-.. -)'
~
L .J
Cr.~cd Parameter
Group . Name
4 NO COMB
' '
4ft tDSORC
!
UNITS
Card·
ColumniJ
1 -4
5 -8
71-80
1 - 6
. 7 -l2.
• • •
73 -78
(fof eachr
card)
1-40.
41 -80
.. ··r.-1
FOltTRAN
Edit;: Code Description
(Form.at)
2014 Ar{ay used to specify the number of source 1D-num-
~ers you are using to define each source combination.
' ~he~e are NGROUP valu~s read qef~, This data card
is ()mlJ;fed from t:he inJ~ut card decft if NGROUP "' O.
131~
JO.M
10M.
.Ar"!aY use4 to specify the source ID-numbers to use
:f..q·.forming the combined sQurce output and individual
~ource output. There is a maximu~ of 200 values
~h.~t ~an be input here. This data card group is
m,ai.lted ffom the input card deck if NGllOUP "" 0.
,0.; charactefs &iving the coQcentration (deposition)
pr:f..nt ou~put units. This label is automatically
filled if the parameter TK Qn Card Group 13 ia
4~faulte4. If this label is punched, start in columQ
. ~~ .
40 characters giving the source strength input units.
This label is automatically f~lled if the parameter
TK on Card Group 13 is defaulted. If this label is
punched, start in column 41. This card group is
omi.tted from the input deck if tape input (ISW(5) •
2 or 3) is being used. ·
**theae card groups are omitted from the input card deck if tape input (1SW(5) • 2 or 3) is being used.
The infonnation for these parameters is f;aken from the input tape.
Card
Grour•
6a
7**
Parameter
Name
X
X
y
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
Card FORTRAN
~columns Edit Code
(Format)
1 -10 8Fl0.0
11 -20
71 -80
(for each
cant)
1 -10
11 -20
71 -80
(for each
card)
8F10.0
1 -10 8Fl0.0
11 -20
71 -80
(for each
card)
Descdption
Array of NXPNTS receptor points in meters in ascending
order defining the X-axis of the receptor grid system
or the distances to the rings in polar coordinates.
If only two values are punched and NXPNTS is greater
than 2, the program assumes the first is the start
of the axis and the second is the increment it uses
to generate the remaining points. This card group
is omitted from dte input data deck if NXPNTS ... 0.
Array of NXWYPT discrete receptor points in meters.
This c~rd group is omitted from the input data
deck if NXWYPT • 0 or if an input tape is being
used and ISW(l2) a 0.
Array of NYPNTS receptor points in meters or degrees,
depending on ISW(2), in ascending order defining the
Y-axis of the receptor grid system or the radials in
polar coordinates. If only two values are punched and
NYPNTS is greater than 2, the program assumes the first
is the start of the axis and the second is the increment
used to generate the remaining points. This card group
is omitted from the input data deck if NYPNTS = 0.
**These card groups are omitted from the input card deck if tape input (ISW(5) = 2 or 3) is being used.
The 1nfonuation for these parameters is taken frolll the input tape.
............
l ~
I
I 0\ .....,
l
l
.I
i•
Card
Group
7a
a••
8a
r---1 ~~. .... 1'"'''"'
Parameter
.Name
y
z
z
,,
;
T4BLE 4-4 (Continue4)
Card
Columna
. 1 -lP
11 -20
• • • n ... 8o
(for each
card)
li'OltTW
Edit Code
(Format)
8F10.0
1 -10 8F~O.O
11 -20
71 -8()
(for ea~b
card)
1 -10 8FlO.O
11 .. 20
71 -80
(for eacn
card)
Deacriptiop
Arr~y of N~PT discrete receptor points
in meters o~ degrees depending on lSW(l). This
c~t4 group is omftted from the ~nput data deck if
~PT • 0 pr ff ~n input ~ape is p~ing used and
It;WU~> ... o.
· 4rray of terrain elevations in · f~et for each recep-
tor ·.of th~ NXPNTS by NYPNTS gr:td system. This card
group is omitted from the input 4ata decf.t if either
lSWJ4) "" 0 or an inpu~ t:ape is being use4. See the
~~~~ f~f ~~e Of4er of values input to this card group.
ArrciY ot te'J":J,"aln elevat:lons tn feet for each dis-
crt=f;:e recept:or~ This card gro\lp is om~tted from
the inp\lt car4 deck if JSW(4) ~ P or NXWYPT ; 0
or. an ~nput tape is being used and lSW(.l2) == 0.
** These card groups are omitted from the input card deck if tape input (ISW(5) .. 2 or 3) is being used.
The information for these parameters is taken from the input tape.
Card
Group
9**
9a**
lOU
ll**
Parameter
Name
FM'f
FREQ
· TA
liM
Card
Columns
1 -80
1 -10**
11 -20
51 .:. 6o
(for each
card)
1 -10
11 -20
51 -60
(for each
card)
i -10
11 -20
51 -60
(for each
card)
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
FORTRAN
Edit Code
(Format)
20A4
FM'f
6.F10.0
6FIO.O
Description
Array specifying the format used to read Card Group
9a (not read if ISW(l8)= O, default format is 6Fl0. O) ·
Array giving the joint frequency of occurrence of the
wind speed and direction for each stability category
and each seasonexpressed as a percentage or as a
fraction. See the text for the order of .fnput values.
Array of ambient air temperatures in degrees Kelvin
as a function of stability category and season. See
the text for the order of input values.
Array of mixing layer heights in meters as a function
of wind speed and stability category and season.
See the text for the order of input values.
L------L~-------~---------~------~~-------------------------~------~----·--·---
**These card grou1)s are omitted from the input card deck if tape input (ISW(5) = 2 or 3) is being
used. The information for these parameters is taken from the input tape.
***TI1ese are the default card columns used for this array and are not applicable if FMT on Card Gcoup
9 is input.
,.----,
l . j
i ' .
I
I
i . '
I ·I
i
Card
Group
12**
13**
Parameter
~ame
nrnz
ROTATE
TK
Card
Columna
. 1 -10
11 -20
• • • 51 -60
(fof each
card)
1 -10
11 '"" 20
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
FORTRAN
Edit Code
(Fo~mat)
6Fl0.0
flO,O
FlQ.O
Deacriptiop
Array of the vertical grad:t,ent of potential tempera-
tur~ in degrees Kelv·in per meter as a function of
~fn4 ~peed and stahili~y ca~egofy. See the text
f!lr the cn·4er !lf input values •
Wind 4il-"e~ti!ln correction par~eter used ~o correct
for any difference in north as defined by the refer-
eqc~ ~ecep~or grid ayatem and nor~~ as defined by
~~e ·weather station at which the weat~er data we~e
recorded. ·The yalue of ROTAT~ ~a uubtracted from
e4ch ~ind 4ir~c~ion categorf~
Model units conversion factor used to produce the
des~red o~tput concentration (deposition) units
from the f..nput .source strength units. The concen-
tration default for TK is 1 x J06 J!licrograms per gram
assuming output in micrograms per cullic meter and
input source units in grams per second for stack and
volume sources and grams per secon4 per square meter
for area sources. The deposi~ion default for TK is 1
assuming output in grams per square meter and input
source units in total grams for stack and volume
sources and 8rams per square meter for a.rea sources.
L-------~--------~----~--~------~~---------------------------------------------~
**These card groups are omitted from the input card deck if tape input (ISW(5) a.2 or 3) is being used.
The in-ormation for these parameters is taken from.the input tape.
""' I
" 0
Card
Group
13 **
(Cont-)
14 **
Parameter
Name
TK
(Cont.)
ZR
BETAl
BE'fA2
G
DECAY
UBAR
Card
Columns
21 -30
. 31 -40
41 -50
51 -60
61 -70
1 -10
11 -20
51 -60
TABL~ 4-4 (Continued)
FORTRAN
~dit Code
!(Format)
FlO.O
FlO.O
FlO.O
FlO.O
FlO.O
6F10.0
Description
If the default is chosen, the parameter UNITS above
on Card Group 5 is automatically set.
. !Ieight in meters above ground at airport or weather
station at which the wind speed was measured. The
default value islO.O meters •
Air entrainment coefficient for an adiabatic or
unstable atmosphere. The default is 0.6.
Air entrainment coefficient for a stable atmosphere.
The default is 0.6.
Acceleration due to gravity in meters per second
squared. The default is 9.8 m/sec2.
Coefficient (seconds-1} of time dependent pollutant
removal by physical ox ch61llical processes. Default
is zero or no decay.
Array containing the median value of each wind speed
category in meters per second. The default values
are 0.75, 2.5, 4.3, 6.8, 9.5 and 12.5 m/sec
for the standard STAR summary wind-speed categories.
u These card groups are omitted from the input card deck if tape input (ISW(5) .. 2 or 3) is being used.
The information for these parameters is taken from the input tape.
i
I • I
I
--,
.. .J
t ...... .....
nr--1 -. ·r0 ll.Li!
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
Card Parameter Card FORTRAN Edit Code Description
Group . Name Columns ICFormat}
r---·----~-----------r----------~~~~~r-----------------------------~---------------------i
1.5 "'* THET4
16 ** p
17 NUMS
1 -10
' 11 -20
71 "": 8Q'
(for each
cax-d)
1 -10
11 -20
51 -60,
(for each
card)
1 -s
8F10,0
. ,
6FlP.Q
4rray of ~ind direction sector angles in degrees
beg~nnipg with the first directio~ cateaory used in
.~he joint frequency of o~currence of wind speed and
4:l.rect1on (normally zero degrees north). NSCTOR
values are read and,if the first ~wo values are zero
~his array is defaulted to ~he standard direction
angles o.o. 22.5, 4s.o ••• ~· 3~7.5 degrees •
4rray of wind speed power law ~ponents as a function
ofwind speed and stability cateaories. See the
text for the or4er of values and ·default values.
SQ~rce iqe~~ificat~on pumb~r. Jnput alt sources jn
a$cending ordef of the 14~ntif1cat1op pumber. If
the number is pegative, source input is terminated,
If thi~ pumber.is zero, the. program defaults the rela.-
tive position of this source in t~e source input
€leek., Card Groups 17 through 17d are 0111itted from
the input data deck if NSOURC equals zero, Remem-
ber to group Card Groups 17 through 17d togeth~r as
a set for each input source.
** These card groups are omitted from the input card dec~ if tape input (ISW(5) = 2 or 3} is bein~ used.
'fhe information for these parameters is taken fr(>in the im)Ut tape.
Card
Group
17
(Cont.)
Parameter
Name
. DISP
TYPE
QFLG
DX
DY
II
Card
Columns
6
7
a
9 -18
19 -28
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
FORTRAN
Edlt Code
(lt'ormat)
Il
11
II
FIO.O
FlO.O
F7.0
Description
Source disposition.
blank or 0 • new input source or replace old source
if it has same 10 -number
1 ... delete incoming tape source with same
ID-number (next card group read is 17)
2 .., rescale concentration (deposition}
values for this source using input
so1,1rce strengths (next card group read
is 17d} (poly if QFLG = 0}
Source type.
blank or 0 = stack
1 ... volume
2 = area
Source emissions variation flag.
blank or 0 • source emission varies with season
(month) only
1 • source emission varies with stability
category and season
2 "" source emission varies with wind speed
category and season
3 "" source emission varies with wind speed
and stability category and season
Cartesian X-coordinate of the source in meters.
(source center for building ~nd stack sources and
southwest corner for area sources)
Cartesian Y-coordin<\te of the source in meters.
(source center for building and stack sources and
southwest corner for area sources)
.lleight above. the ground of the emission in meters
j
I
I .I
I
I
Card
Group
17
(Cont~)
Paramete'-",
. Name
zs
TS
or
SIGYO
or
xo
VEL
or
SIGZO
D
HB
Card
Columns
36 -42
43 -49
50 -56
57 -63
64 -70
TABLE 4-4 (ConUnued).
FOR'rR.Atl
E4it Code
(Format)·
F7,0
F7.0
f7,0
F7.0
F7.0
Description
~l.ev~~ion iQ met~rs above J!lean sea level at the
source location.
'.fhis field depends on the sourc::e ~ype --if
1YP~ a 0~ TS • stack gas exit ~emper4ture iq
degrees l{elvin
TYfE • J, SIGYO • standard devi4~ton of the cross-
win4 sourc~ di~~ribution in
meters
TVf~ • 2, XO • width of the a~~a $ource in meters
T~is. field depepds on the sourc~ ~ype --if
TYfE • o, VEL ~ stack gas ~t~ velocity in meters
·, per second
TYrE "' J, SlGZO • standard deviation of the verti-
.. cal sourc~ distJ=ibt.H:lon tn
JDeters
TVPE ~ 2, ~his field is l~~t blan~
This field depends on the source type --if
TYPE "' O, J) • tnner stack dl41ne~er in meters
TYPE "' ~ or 2, this field i~ l.~ft blank
this field depends on the source type --if
TYP~ ~ O, HB • 0• Wake effects are not considered for this source .
liB > o. height above ground in meters of .
· · the building adjacent to the stacL for tha consideration of wake
effects for ~his source
TYPE "' 1 or 2, this field is left blank
"""' I ......
"""'
Card
Group
17
(Coot.)
r---"'
L:Li. ' IJ
Parameter Card
Name Columns
BW 71 -17
WAKE 78
NVS 79 -80
TABLE 4-4 (Continued)
fORTRAN
Edit Code Description
(Format)
F7.0 This field depends on the source type --if
TYPE • 0, BW • 0 1 wake effects are not con-
sidered for this source
BW > o. width of the building in
meters adjacent to the
stack for the consideration
of wake effects for this
source
TYPE • 1 or 2 1 this field is left blank
11 This field depends on the source type --if
TYPE • 0, WAKE is a super squat building
wake effects equation option, If
the building width to height ratio
is greater than 5 and WAKE is blank •
or O, the program uses the equation
of lateral virtual distance (Equa-
tion (2-31) that will produce the
upper bound of concentration or
deposition. If WAKE is 1 1 the
equation of lateral virtual dis-
tance (Equation (2-33)) that will
produce the lower bound of the con-
centration or deposition calcula-
tion is used (see Section 2.4.1.l.d)
TYPE 1 or 2 1 this field is left blank
12 Number of particulate size c·ategories in the
particulate distribution for deposition or con-
centration wltb depletion due to dry deposition.
The maxin1um value of this parameter is 20.
Card Parameter
i Group Name !
!
. I 17a vs
17b FRQ
17c GAMMA
17d Q
Card
Columns
1 -10
11 -~0
71 -80
(for each
card)
1 -10
11 -20 . • ' 71 -80
(for each
card)
1 -10
11 -20
71 -80
(for each
card)
1 -10
11 ..,. 20
51 -60
(for each
card)
TABLE 4-4 (Contiqued)
FORTRAN
Edit; Code
(Format)
8PJO,O
8F1Q,O ·
6F10.0
Deacript~on
4~r~Y of settl~ng veloc~tiea ~~ meters per sec-
. oqd for each particulate dze cat;egory. · This
·card g~:oup is omitted fr()m th~. inp~t; data deck
H NVS ~ 0,
4!ray ot mass t.:·actioQ of the pafticulate dia-
t:!ibution foF each category. Th~ sum of the
fractions in this array should tqtal 1 (100%
.of the distribution). This card sroup it;~
o~itted from the input data de~~ if NVS a O.
Array of surface feflectton c()efficients (frac-
tion, 0 ~o 1) for each particula~e stze cate-
g()ry. A value of 0 is no reflectio~t a value
of 1 ~s complete reflection, This card group
ia om~tted from the data deck ~f NVS ~ 0.
Array of source emissions in units ~ndicated by
the parameters UNITS and T~ above, The number
of values input in this card group is detef-
mined by QFLG on Card Group 17 and the order of
input is given in the text. This card group is
omitted from the input data deck if DISP on
Card Croup 17 equals "1".
labeling purposes. These data items can be punched anywhere in the speci-
fied data columns and can consist of any character information. If not
punched, these data items are interpreted as blanks. Parameters using
an "I" editing code are integer (whole number) data items. These data
items must be numeric ptmches only and must be punched (right justified)
so the units digit of the number is in the right most column of the field.
If the punch field for the variable is not punched (left blank), it is
interpreted as zero. Parameters using an "F" editing code are real
number data items. These data items can be punched like integer ("I")
data items (right justified) if they are whole numbers. However, they
must be punched with a decimal point (".") if they contain a fractional
part.
Card Group 1 in Table 4-4 gives the print output page heading
' and is, Cillways included in the input data deck. Any information to iden-
tify the output listing or data case may be punched into this card. If
the card is left blank, the heading will consist of only the output page
number or the heading will be taken from the input tape or data file,
if used.
Card Group 2 gives the values of the program option array ISW.
This card is always included in the input data deck. However, the values
of ISW(l) through ISW(4) are automatically set by the program if you
are using an input (source/concentration or deposition inventory) tape.
The options on this card that determine whether or not some card groups
are included in the input data deck are: ISW(4), ISW(S), ISW(l2) and
ISW(lS). If ISW(4) is left blank or punched zero, Card Groups S and
Sa are omitted from the input data deck. If ISW(5) is equal to "2"
or "3" (indicating an input data tape), Card Groups 5, 6, 7, Sand 9
through 16 are omitted from the input data deck. Also, Card Groups 6a
7a, and Sa are omitted if the ISW(l2) option is not used or equals
blank or zero. If ISW(lS) is left blank or punched zero, Card Group 9
I 1 ;
r l j
[
c
[
,•,
[
[
c
[
[
[
[
L
L
[
~·
[ .
~·
•.:.. •:
L .
[
L
[
c -'
[
-
[' -
-.
....-;., ....
[
c
[
c -
[.
[
E
E
L
is omitted from the input card deck. The ISW(lO) option on this card
must be set to "1" or "2" if either the ISW(ll) or ISW(l2) option is
chosen. Also, if the ISW(ll) option equals "2", one or m.ore of the
following conditions must be met:-
Condition a -The run. uses: an output tape or data file. This
tape or file-may be a permanent catalogued file or
may be temporary, lasting only for the duration
of the run. If this condition is selected and the
output medi.um is tape,. the parameter NOF!LE on
Card ·Group 3 must .be input.-
Condition b -The run~ uses-an input tape.. or catalogued data
file, but has no input data card sources (NSOURC
eqtial.s zero). ··. If th:is: condi:tion· is· selected and
tha inp·ut. medi-um is tape, ihe para:me~er NOFTI.E
oU: Card Group 3· must be input.
Condition c --The total number of non-deleted input sources
from data card and tape (data file) is less than
or equal to the ndnilDitm of I and J, where:
and.
rE
I =-[
(NXPNTS+NYPNTS+2*NxtVYPT) - K -tl
NSEASN* (NXPNTS*NYPNTS+NXWYPT) J
E "" the total amount of program data storage
in BLANK COMMON. The program design size
is 40,000.
4-77
(4-4)
K • NSEASN*(NXPNTS*NYPNTS+NXWYPT)
if ISW(4) • 0
L
if ISW(4) = 1
the remaining variables are input parameters defined
on Card Group 3.
Also, the option ISW(9) must always be set correctly when card input
sources are used or if tape sources are used when IS"w(l2) equals "1".
Card Group 3 contains the ~arameters that specify the number of
input card sources, size of receptor arrays and the number of categories
in the input meteorological data. These parameters are regarded as
options because, if any are zero, a particular function is not performed.
AZZ of the parameters on this card e=aept NOFIZE may alter the fonn of
the input deak because they specify how may data items to input to the
program. The parameter NSOURC specifies how many data card sources to
input or how many times the program is to read Card Groups 17 through
17d. If NSOURC is set to a negative value ("-1"), the program will
continue to read source data from Card Groups 17 through l7d until a
negative source ID-number (NUMS) is read from Card Group 17. If NSOURC
is zero, Card Groups 17 through l7d are omitted from the input data
deck. The parameter NGROUP is used to group selected sources into a
combined output by summing the concentration or deposition arrays of the
selected sources. The user may specify up to a maximum of 20 different
source combinations. If NGROUP is left blank or punched zero, the
program uses all sources in any combined source output, prints all
sources for any individual source output, and Card Groups 4 and 4a are
omitted from the input card deck. If NGROUP is greater than zero, it
specifies how may values are to be read from Card Groups 4 and 4a. Also
4-18
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NGROUP cannot be set to a non-zero value unless one or more of the
following conditions is met:
Condition a -The run uses an output tape or data file. This
tape or file may be· a permanent catalogued file or
may be temporary, lasting only for the duration of
the run. If this condition is selected and the out-
put medium is tape,. the parameter NOFILE on this
card group must be input ..
Condition b -The run uses an input tape or data file, but no
input card sources (NSOURC equals zero). If this
condition is selected and the input medium is tape,
the parameter NOFILE on this card. group must be input.
Condition. c.-The. total number of ·input> card and tape sources is
less than. or equal to the m.:f.nimum of I and J where:
J ... 300
and (4-5)
I -E -(NXPN1S+NYPNTS+2*NXWYPT) - K - L
NSEASN*(NlPNTS*NYPNTS+NXWYPT)
E .. the total amount of program data storage in
BLANK COMMON. The program design size is
40,000.
0 if ISW(S)=l
and IS'W' ( 11 ) ;' 2
K •
NSEASN* (NlPNTS*NYPNTS+NXWYPT) ; if IS'W' ( 8) ;' l
or ISW(ll)=2
4-79
--------·-~·-
--· -·---~-.. ~-·····----·'-~-----···.----~-----------. -. _ _,__. ---·--·-·.
L
{
0 .
NXPNTS*N!PNT&HIXWYPT:
if ISW(4) = 0
if ISW(4) = 1
The parameters NXPNTS, NYPNTS and NXWYPT define the size of the program
receptor point arrays. The maximum values of these parameters are limited
by the core-use equation (4-3) given under NXPNTS in Section 4~1.2. If an
input tape is being used, these parameters are normally ignored by the
program because these values are taken from the input tape. However, if
the ISW(12) option is selected, the parameter NXWYPT must be set to a
multiple of 10 as outlined in Section 4.1.2. When ISW(12) is choosen
and an input tape is being used, the original receptor points from the
incoming tape are destroyed and replaced by a new set of discrete (arbi-
trarily placed) points indicated by NXWYPT. This necessitates a new set
of calculations for the special points and requires ISW(9) to be set
correctly. An output tape produced under these conditions contains only
the calculations for the discrete receptors. The parameters NSEASN, NSPEED,
NSTBLE and NSCTOR specify the number of seasons (NSEASN), the number of
wind speed categories (NSPEED), the number of stability categories
(NSTBLE) and the number of wind direction categories (NSCTOR) in the
input meteorological data. These parameters are set automatically by
the program when an input tape is being used. The parameter NOFILE must
be specified if the user is using input and/or output tape and is apply-
ing Condition a or Condition b given under ISW(11) and/or NGROUP. This
parameter is the output file number of the file to be written to tape
(ISt~(S) = "1" or "3") or the input tape file number, if no output file
is geing generated (ISW(5) = "2"). The program uses this parameter to cor-
rectly position the tape if additional passes through the tape data are
required.
Card Groups 4 and 4a always occur together and are included in
the input card deck only if NGROUP is greater than zero. Card Group 4
is the array NOCOMB used to specify the number of source ID-numbers used
4-80
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to define each source combination.. Each value in NOCOMB specifies the
number of source ID-numbers to be read from Card Group 4a (IDSORC) in
consecutive order for each source combination. A positive source In-
number punched into the array IDSORC ind:f.cates to include. that source in
the. combination ... A negative. source ID-number indicates to include that
source. as we.ll as. all source ID-numbers less in absolute value 9 up to
and including the. previous positive source ID-number punched if it is
part of the same set of ID-numbers defining a combination. If the
negative value is the first ID-number of a group of ID-numbers 9 it as
we.ll as all sources less in absolute values of ID-number are included in
the source combination. Se~ the example· given under NOCOMB and IDSORC
in Section 4.1.2 and the· example problems in Appendix D. The data
values are. read from. Card Group 4 using 4 card columns per value wi.th a
max~ of 20 values and from Card Group 4a using 6 card columns per
value~. 13 values per· card with, a maximum of. 200 values or 16 data cards.
Card Group, 5 is an. array (UNITS) used to. specify the labels
printed for concentration. or deposition. output uni..ts and for the input
source· strength un:i.ts. This card group is. omitted from the. input card
deck if tape or data file input. is used.
·card Groups 6 through Sa specify the X9 Y and Z coordinates of
all receptor points. Card Groups 6, 7 and S are omitted from the input
card deck if the parameters NXPN'IS and NYPN'IS equal zero or if an input
tape is being used. Also, Card Group S is omitted if ISW(4) equals "O"
or no terrain elevations ~re being used.· Card Groups 6a 9 7a and Sa are
also omitted from the input card deck if the. parameter NXW!PT is zero or
if an input tape is being used with ISW(l2) equal to "O". Card Group Sa
is also omitted if ISW(4) equals "a"·. Each of these card groups uses a
10 column field for each receptor value and 8 values per data card. The
number of data cards required for each card group is defined by the
~81
... --------··------·-·-···-·-·-· ·----·-----·---·--·-··---------
values of the paramet:ers NX?NTS, NYPNTS and NXWYPT. Values input on
Card Groups 6 and 7 are always in ascending order (west to east, south
to north~ 0 to 360 degrees). The terrain elevations for the g=id system
on Card Group 8 begin in the southwest corner of the grid system or at 0
degrees for polar coordinates. The first data card(s) contain ·the eleva-
tions for each receptor on the X axis (1 to NXPNTS) for the first Y
receptor coordinate. A new data card is started for the elevations for
each successive Y receptor coordinate. A total of NYPNTS groups of data
cards containing NXPNTS values each is required for Card Group 8. The
elevations for the discrete receptors in Card Group Sa are punched
across the card for as many cards as required to satisfy NXWYPT ele-
vation values. See the discussion given for parameter Z in Section
4.l.Z.b for examples of the order of input for receptor elevations in
Cartesian and polar systems.
Card Groups .9 through 16 specify the meteorological data and
model constants and are. included in the input data deck only i.f an input
tape or data file is not being used~ Card Group 9 is input only if
!SW(18) equals "1" and specifies the format (FMT) which the program uses
to read the card data in Card Group 9a. If Card Group 9 is omitted from
the input deck (ISW(lS.) equals "O") ~ the program assumes the format is
(6F10.0) or there are 6 values per card occupying 10 columns each includ-
ing the decimal point (period). Card Group 9a is the set of data cards
giving the joint frequency_of occurrence of the wind speed and wind
direction (FREQ) by season and Pasquill stability category, The values
for each wind speed category (1 to NSPEED) are punched across the card
and are read using the format given in Card Group 9 or the default
format used when Card Group 9 is omitted. The first card is for dir-
ection category 1 (no:rm:ally north) , the second card for direction cat-
egory 2 (normally north-northeast), down to the las; direction category
(normally north-northwest). Starting with season 1 (normally winter),
-·
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the card group contains a set of these (NSCTOR) cards for each stability
category, l through NSTBLE. The program requires NSCTOR*NSTBLE*NSEASN
data cards in this card group. This data deck is normally produced by
the STAR program of the National Climatic Center (NCC). Card Group 10 is
the average ambient air· temperature (!A). NSTBLE values are read from
each data card in this group and there is. one data card for each season,
1 through NSEASN. Card Group 11 is the median mixing layer height (HM)
for each speed and stability category and season. The program requires
NSPEED values per data card and one data card for each stability category,
1 to NSTBLE. A group of these cards is required for each season (1 to
NSEASN) for a. total of NSTBLE*NSEASN data cards in Card Group 11. Card
Group 12 is the vertical gradient of potential temper.ature (DPDZ) for
each wind speed and stability category. NSPEED values are punched
across the card. and NSTBLE cards (1 to NSTBLE) are punched for this
group. Card Group 13 contains meteorological and model constants; a . . . . ' .. _ '· .
detailed descri'Ption: of these parameters (ROTATE,. TK, ZR;. BE'!Al., BETA2,
G and DECAY) is given in Section 4.1.2 above. Card Group 14 is the
median wind speed for each wind speed category (UBAR) and there are
NSPEED values read from this card group. Card Group: 15 is the median
wind direction for each wind direction category (THETA). There are 8
values read from each data card in this group up to a maximum of NSCTOR
(normally 16) values. Card Group· 16, the. last of the meteorological
input card. gro~ps, :provid~· the wind 8peed power law exponents (P) for
each wind speed and stability category. There are NSPEED values read
per data card and NSTBLE (1 to NSTBLE) cards read in this group.
The last card groups in the input data deck, Card Groups 17
through 17d, consist of source related information. Card Groups 17
through 17d are always input as a set of cards for each individual
source and each of. these sets (17 through 17d) are input in ascending
order of the source ID-number (NUMS). Card Group 17 provides the source
4-83
ID-number (~"UMS), the source type (TYPE) the source disposition (DISl?) ,
etc. This data card is included in the input card deck for each card
input source, 1 to NSOURC. As shown in Table 4-4, some of the card
columns (43 through 78) on this card may or may not contain parameter
values, depending on·the source type. The last parameter (NVS) on this
card determines whether Card Groups 17a through 17c are read or not.
These card groups are not included in the input card deck if NVS equals
zero. The last card group, Card Group 17d, contains the source emissions
(Q). This card group is not included in the input deck if the parameter
DISP on Card Group 17 equals 11 111
• The number of cards and values in
this card group depends on the parameter QFLG on Card Group 17 • If QFLG
equals blank or zero, the source emissions are a function of season only
and one data card is read with NSEASN values punched across it. If QFLG
is equal to "1 11 , the program ass.umes the source emissions are a function
of stability category and season. In this case, NSEASN data cards (1
through NSEASN) are required with NSTBLE values per card. If QFLG is
equal.to "2", the program·assumes the source emissions are a function of
wind speed and season. There are NSEASN data cards read with NSPEED
values per card. If QFLG is equal to "311
, the program assumes the
source emissions are a function of wind speed, stability and season. In
this last case, the program reads NSTBLE data cards containing NSPEED
values for each season (1 to NSEASN) for a total of NSTBLE*NSEASN data
cards.. The program continues to read sets of data Card Groups 17 ..
through 17d until a negative source ID-number is encountered or until
it has read these cards.NSOURC times.
b. Taoe Inuut Reauirements. The ISCLT program accepts
an input source/concentration (deposition) inventory tape (catalogued
data file) previously created by the ISCLT program. This tape is a
binary tape written using the FORTRAN I/0 routines and created as an
4-84
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output tape on. a. pr.evious run of the ISCI.'! program. 'This tape contains
all of the program options that affect how the model concentration or
deposition calculations were performed (except ISW(9)), all of the re-
ceptor: and. elevation. data, al~ o£: the·.meteorologi~ data, al~ of the
source input data and: the results of the seasonal. (annual) concentration
or deposition. ~culations at each: receptor· point:. The program reads
the data from: the FOR'l'RAN logical. un1t number specified. by ISW(l4). The
tape data. are: read only if option· ISW(5) equals "2" or "3". The input
tape requires the user to emit specified &:r:t;a;. card groups from the input
deak and makes the input of sane ~ete1! va'Lues u.mecessa:ry. The
omitted Card. Groups and. unnecessary parameters are indicated by a·* or
** in·. the. Card Group and. Parameter Name. columns of Table. 4-4.. The
format and exact: contents of the· input tape are· discussed in Section
4.2.4.b below.
Program Output Data Description
The: ISCI.'J! program· generates several: categories· of printed
output .. and an: optional output: source/concentration: or· deposition inven-
tory tape or· data _file. The. following: paragraphs describe the format
and content of both. forms of program-output•
·: .a ... ,_-::: Printed Output. The ISCI.T. program generates ll
categories of printed output, 8 of· whi.ch· are tables of average ground-
level concentration or total ground-lev~ deposition. All program
printed . output is optional except warning. and error messages. The
printed output. categories are:
•· Input Source Data
• Input Data Other· than Source. Data
• Seasonal Concentration (Deposition) from Individual
Sources
. 4-85·
•
•
•
•
Seasonal Concentration (Deposition) from Combined Sou~ces
Annual Concentration (Deposition) from Individual Sources
Annual Concentration (Deposition) from Combined Sources
Seasonal Maximum 10 Concentration (Deposition) Values from
Individual Sources
• Seasonal Maximum 10 Concentration (Deposition) Values from
•
•
•
Combined Sources
Annual }laximum 10 Concentration (Deposition) Values from
Individual Sources
Annual Maximum 10 Concentration (Deposition) Values from
Combined Sources
Warning and Error Messages
The first line of each page of output contains the run title (TITLE) and
page number followed by the major heading of the type or category of out-
put table.
The first category of printed output is the input card data ex-
cept for the source data. This output is optional and is selected.by the
option parameter ISW(6). Figure. 4-2 shows an example of the printed input
data. The example output shown in this section is output generated from
an example problem given in Section .2.6. The second category of printed
output is the source input data. Figure 4-3 shows an example of the
source input data table. This example shows each input source listed down
the page. However, if the user is printing tables for individual sources,
the source input data may be printed prior to each concentration or depo-
sition output table for each source. The third through tenth categories
of output tables are concentration or deposition tables. Figures 4-4
through 4-10 show an example of each type of output table. These tables
are defined by their respective headings and are all optional, depending
on the parameters ISW(7), !SW(S), I~w(lO) and ISW(ll) or ISW(l2). Also,.
the ISCLT program has an option (ISW(l6)) of compressing the output
tables by minimizing the number of new pages started by new tables. This
option will save on the paper output, but the user should become familiar
4-86
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particulate concentration from a hypothetical potash processing plant.
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.OOOOtOOO .00251110 . ttl2st2t .tttootto .tottotOO .00000000
.tooooooo .OOHIUO .OOIUilO .OtOOtOOO .tOtOOOOO .toooouo
.00000000 . OOIUUO .OOIUUO .ooootoot .00000000 .........
.ooouuo .OUJlUO .OO:UU40 .00000000 .toOOOttO .00000000
.00000000 . onuuo .Oto,Ui& .oooooooo ......... .00000000
.oouoooo .OHUOto .007UUO .ooooooot .oouoooo .00000000
• oootoooo .002tlUO .OOSUHO ......... .00000000 .00000000
.00000000 .OOUlSJO . OUSOotO .oooooou .tooooooo .........
IUION 4
IJAIIlllY CAfElDIY '
111110 trElD IIIH!I IPEU IIINII SrlU IIUD SrEU IIIID IPEU 111110 SPEED
UU:UIY I CUEURY 2 CAIEGOIIY J UlUOIY 4 CUUIIIY S unun'
. 150 till'S )( 2. SOOOIIPSH 4 .HOOIII'SH '.IOOOIIPS )( t. :stOUPS)( U. liOOOIIPS l
.onuuo .OlU0221 . oooooo•• .00000000 .ooooouo .00000000
.00Jt7UO .onuuo .00000000 • 00000000 ......... .00000000
.ooauuo .00fl2ot0 .Ootttott . Ottooooo .OOOOtUO .ooouooo
.00421110 .ottuno .oootoott .00000000 .tOUOott .OtOtOOOO
.Ot54UIO .ounut .00000000 ......... ......... .00000000
.ounuo . oountt . 00000000 .00000000 .00000000 .OOOOOotO .oonuu .002U210 .00000000 .00000000 .tottOOOO .ooooooto .una no .onuuo .ooouooo .00000000 ......... .ttUOOOO
.004Uit0 .OOUOSIO .00000000 .ouooooo .00000000 .00000000
.Ot:IUOOO .OOSUliO .00000000 . 00000000 . -oooooooo . 00000000
.OOJH240 .ouuno 00000000 .00000000 .00000000 .ouooooo
.oouuoo .OIIUifl .ooooouo . 00000000 . 00000000 .uoooou
.014Ul71 .H7701SI . OHOOOOO . 00000000 .00000000 .00000000
.00712070 .OIH2lll .00000000 . 00000000 . 000 000 00 .ooouooo
.OOH41f0 .OOUU81 . 0000000 0 . 00000000 . 00000000 . 00000000
.ooauno .OilH7U . 00000000 . 00000000 . 00000000 .00000000
(Continued)
• •••• ••• I' AGE 14 ••••
t ..... s
•••• IStll •••••••••••••
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NVPOTNEIICAL POlAIN PIIC~IIINC PLAMf
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• VIITIC&L PITIMIIAL lllfEIATU'E CIIIIIMT 41J&IIEI IELVlNI~ET£1)-
111111 IPEU lUND IPEU lilt IPUI !llllt IPIU 111110 IUJI 111111 ~PEEl
CUIUIY I UUUIY I unnn 1 CUUUY i CUEUiy • UUUIY 4
IUIILI IV CAIUOIY a ....... . ....... ....... ....... . ...... ~ ......
llAIILI JY CUUOIY a ....... ....... ....... ........ . ...... .......
UUILIIY CAIECOIY J ••••••• ....... ....... ....... . ...... . ......
IUIILITY CUECDIY • ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... . .......
IUULITY UIEGOIY I . uouo-u .......... .......... . uuu-u . uuu-u .,. .......
IUilLII'I CUECOIY 4. . nuu-tl .UtUt-U .as••••-•• ·••••••·•• ·••••••-•• .u ....... -.... ruFI~J rillE' Ll¥ UriiiiJI ~
111111 IPEU lllllt IPIU lllllllflrEU llllt IPEU IIIII IPEU • ... 11110
CUUOIY I CUEUIY a UUUIY I UfUIIW f CUUOIY t cnnon t
lit AIIL 111 UIECII'I l .......... .......... .......... ·~ UOttttOt .......... . .........
UUILJIY cuuon a .nouuu . UOUhtO .......... .n•••••u . noto•••• .u .......
llUILIIY UUCOIY J .......... . uoou ... .......... .......... .......... ..........
UIIILIIY UUCOIY • .......... . UtOUttO .u ....... .iuou .. o . nun••• ..........
IUIILIIY CUEllO IV I . u ....... . u ....... . :u ....... • lit ....... . u ....... .u .......
IUIILIIY CUECOIY ' . u ....... . u ....... . ,~., ..... ., ........ ' .......... . ........ ~
FIGURE 4-2. (Continued)
•••••••• PAI:E u ••••
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UARHIHC -DISlAHCE BE1~EEN SOURCE I AHD POIHI x,y. .oo. . 00 IS LESS THAN PERftlliED
FIGURE 4-3. Example listing of input sources used in the calculation of seasonal and annual ground-
level particulate concentration from a hypothetical potash processing plant.
.p.
I .....
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FIGURE 4-3. (Continued)
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FIGURE 4-3. (Continued)
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FIGURE 4-3. (Continued)
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UARNINC -DISTANCE IETYEEII IOUitE
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FIGURE 4-3. (Continued)
I
a
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s
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10 AND PDIIH
cu
I.JOOU·tl
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•••• ISCll ••••••••••••• HYPOJNftiCAl POJAIN PROtEISIIC PLANT tHUtu PIIGE 2i ....
-SOURCE IHPUJ DAtA •
C I SOURCE SOURCE
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• PARtiCULAtE ClllECOIIES •
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FIGURE lt-3. (Continued)
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FIGURE 4-3. (Continued)
.•• 11.1~ .••
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IU 1,1 .. ,,., :Uili '~' Ut. to, Ui U II VEL: UIIE!l h t. It,
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•••• JSCl T ••••••••••••• HYPOIHEIICAL POtASH P-OCESSIHC PLAHJ
•• SEASONAL CROUND LEYEL CONCEHIRAJIOH I HICROCIAHS PEl CUBIC nEIEI
SUSOH I
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-X AKIS <DI8TAHCE, HE IUS) -
-3000.000 -2000.000 -ISOO.OOO . -12SO.OOO . -1000.000
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2000.000
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1250 000
1000.000
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600.000
400.000
290 000
000
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FIGURE 4-4.
22.17027t
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18.78201t
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242. 878l87
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31.644134
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Example listing of seasonal ground-level particulate concentration for the winter sea-
son due to a single source.
,...---,--,
l LJ
I
·L"l--··lJ' ll--···-c-l-----ll--r-1·· ~
''I
•••• IStll ~·••••••••••• oooooo~o PACE at •• ••
•• IEA&OMAL GROUND LEVEL CIMCEMlllliOM I IICIOGIA-1 P~l C~IJ' IEJEI . '&EAIOM ., . . I CCIIMJ.) ••
&liD IVIfEI I~CEPJOII
• II AUI CUIUUE, UTUU -.too aot.ooo ~oo.tot · · 6io.ooo · aoo.oto
Y Allli CD II TANC' • UUU ) . . C.IICEIHIIIU I liM
1500.000 ~000.000
-Jooo .too 44.UU5~ ~o. ":un U.41525t
1000.900
• CIJD IVIJEI I£CEPJOII •
-II Ill'' (~JITIM~Ji IEJE~I) •
Y ~XII CDISTAHCE , IEJEII CO!ICIEII!.IU JIM
--------------------------------------------------~-~---~-----------------------------------------------------------
uu.uo
ao~o.ooo
1500 000
1250.000
IOOO 000
800.000
600.000
400 .ooo
200 .ooo .ooo
-aoo .ooo
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·1500.000
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•. lt2J41
ll.l$1741
24.667104
at.UitU
U.2lt461
41. UIOU u.uuu u.uuu
6l.U05U
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ll.t41211
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64.UU4t
60.411541 u.oauu u.uuoo
u.in046
u.uun
lt.5UUt
•• IEAIDIIAL GIOUMD LEVEL COMCE~JIAJIOJI C I!CI·G·~-·.:::o~U'~~ ~ETEI
-DlltREJE.IECEPJOII-
) !IUE lO SOU~CE
V CDMCEMTIAJIOII II V 'tii!ICJilllllliOM II V
AllftUTH lANCE AliiUJI . . . . . lANGE AZIIUJH
BEARING IUIJMG IUIJMG
CMETUU UEUUU UEJEIU CDEUEEU_ CUU~U CDEUEEU
I lCONJ. • ••
--------------------------~-------------------------------------------------------------------~---------------------
2108.0 14.0 U.4U2to
FIGURE 4-4. (Continued)
.j:-
1 ..... .....
0\
•••• ISCll ••••••••••••• HYPOIHEIItAL POfASH PROCESSIHC PLAHf
•• S£ASOHAL 'IOUND LEVEL tOHtENI•AIIOH ( IIICROCRAIIS PER CUBIC NEIER l DUE 10 SOURCE
FIGURE 4-4.
SEASON I
-10 tOHIRIBUIIH' VALUES 10 PROGRAM DETERIIINED NAXIIIUII 10 OF COHBIHED IOURCES J,
(Continued)
• t90RDIIIAIE
~HEIEIS l
200.00
-aoo. oo
.00
400.00
. 00
200.00
-200.00
.00
-40o.to
400.00
y
COORDINATE
<liEf Ell l
.00
.00
-2U.OO ...
200.00 -aoo. oo
200.00
-400.00
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FIGURE 4-5. (Continued)
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) UE fO IIOIIIU ~ C UHf.) II'~JIG,AIIf PEl CUIJC lfJJ.I
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F'IGURE 4-6.
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FIGURE 4-8. (Continued)
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l!'IGURE 4-8. (Continued)
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•••t••n PAGE 316 ••••
4 U:OIU.) tt
FIGURE 4-9. Example listing of the 10 value$ o~ seasonal ground-level concentration from a single
source that contribute to the maximum 10 receptors of the indicated coftlbined sources
for the fall season.
,,
""" I
f-o w
0
tttt ISClf ••••••••••••• HYPOTHETICAl POTASH PROCESIIN~ PLANI
•• ANNUAl GROUND LEVEL CONCENIRAliOH C HICROGRAHS PER CUBIC REIER ) OUE TO SOURCE
-10 COHTIIBUIIH~ VALUES TO PIOGRAK DETERKIHED HAXIKUH 10 OF COMBINED SOURCES -16,
• COORD I HA IE
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4 C CONI. l to
FIGURE '•-10. Example listing of the 10 values of annual ground-level concentration for a single
source that contribute to the maximum 10 receptors of the indicated combined sources.
r--r-' l. :._!
~
' '
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I
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with the program output format before using it. Also, the program has
the option (ISW(l7)) of specifying the number of lines the printer prints
per page. This value must be correct in order for the program to maintain
a correct oueput format. the program defaults to 57 iines per printed.
page. If the printer at your installation is different, input the cor-.
rect value into ISW(l7) on Card Group 2. the warning and error messages
produced by the program are generated by data: errors within the. ISCLT
program and are not associated with errors detected by the computer system
on which the program is being: run. These errors are given in Section
4.2.6 below.
b. Master Tape Inventory Output. The ISCLT program will,
on option, generate an. output master source/ concentration or deposition
inventory tape or data file. This file may be a permanent file or a
temporary file, depending on what the user desires and. requirements of
the program. tlrl.s data tape is written only if the. parameter ISW(S) equals
· "111 or ''3" and the ·data are 'Written to the·::FORTRANlogical unit speci-
fied. by ISW(lS). The data. are writ:ten using·. t:he· FORTRAN binary write
routines and tapes should:~.be assigned high densit:y, odd parit:y with the
write-ring in. These assigri opt:ions are: normally t:he default: options on
nine-t:rack tape unit:s, except: for th~write-ring option. These tapes are
not transferable between computers of a different manufact:urer and may
not: be transferable between computers o£ a different series and same
manufact:urer. Also, if the ISCLT program has been compiled under the
UNIVAC FORTRAN V compiler, tapes generated by the program are not compat:ible
with t:he ISCLT program compiled under· the UNIVAC ASCII compiler and vice
versa. Check with your installat:ion to see if these FORTRAN generated
binary t:apes can be t:ransferred. The format: and contents of the ISCLT
input/output tape are shown iiJ.. Table 4-s· .. ~ This t:a.ble gives t:he Logical
Record, Word Number, Parameter Name and whether the data are in an integer
or floating point (real) format• The logical record gives the order the
respective data records are written to tape and does not imply the physical
{block) lengt:h actually on the tape. The physical block length of binary
unformatted data depends on the. computer {FORTRAN) on which the ISCLT program
4-131
···---·------------·-·----··----~---
*
Tape
Logical
Record
1
2
3
4* ..
5
TABLE 4-5
INPUT/OUTPUT TAPE FOBMA.T
Relative Parameter Word Name Number
1. NSOURC
2 NXPNTS
3 NYPNTS
4 NXWYPT
5 NSEASN
6 NSPEED
7 NST:BLE
8 NSCTOB.
9 -28 Iml
29-48 UNITS
49 -68 TITLE
1 -NXPNTS+NXWYPT X
1 -NYPNTS+NXWYPT y
1 -NXPNTS*NYPNTS z +NXWYPT
..
1 -2304 FREQ
2305 -2328 TA
2329 -2472 HM
2473 -2508 DPDZ
2509 -2514 U:BA:R
Integer (I)/
Floating Point (FP)
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
FP
FP
..
FP
FP
.FP
FP
FP
FP
"Tape logical record 4 is on the tape only if the parameter ISW(4) equals
one.
4-132
. .
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!ABLE 4-S·(Continued)
Tape Relative Parameter Integer (I)/ Logical Word Name Floating Point (FP) Record Number
6** 54-73 GAMMA FP
(Cont.) 74 -217 Q FP
.2l8 QFLG !
219 WAKE T ...
7** 1 -NXPN'l'S*NYPNTS CON FP +NXWYPT
8** 1 -NXPNTS*NYPNTS CON FP +NXWYP'1'
9** 1 -NXPNTS*NYPNTS CON FP +NXWYPT
.tO** 1 -NXPN'l'S*NYPNTS CON FP +NXWYPT . . . . . .
last . 1 . 999999 . I
**Records 6 through lO are repeated for each source input to the program
and 8 through lO are omitted if the input data is annual.
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is being run. The maximum physical block length on UN'l.VAC 1100 series
computers is 224 words per block. Some of the logical records shown in
Table 4-5 may or may not be present. on the tape~ depending on the options
ISW(4) and NSEASN. Logical record 4 is not on the tape if the parameter
ISW(4) is zero. Also, records 7 through 10 are concentration or deposi-
tion records and depend on the number of seasons, NSEASN. If the user is
using annual.. data, only record 7 out of records· 7 through 10 will be on
the tape. Records 6 through 10 are written to the tape for each source
input to the program.. The last record written for a program run has an
integer 999999 in word 1 (NUMS) of the record and two end of file marks
(magnetic tape only) are written after this record. The program does
not check these tapes for. labels, nor does it write a leading label file
on the tape. Also,. if you desire to write more than one data case (run)
to an output tape,. make sure the tape is positioned between the two end
of file marks after the last case written to the·. tape. See Section 4.2.2
for the correct. tape or data. file assign: cards.,
4.2.5 . Program Run Time; Page and Tape· Output Estimates
This section gives approximations to the computer run time,
tape output and page output. for the ISCL'I. program.. Because of the vari-
ability of problem runs· and .input parameters., the equations in this sec-
tion are meant only to. give· an app~oximation. of the. upper limit of the
time, page or tape usage.. function .. ·
a. Run Time. The total run time required for a problem
run using card input sources is given by
.Time (Seconds) (N • {N • N + N ) • N · • N s x y . X'/ . se st
• N •· (N + 1) • f) ~ 120 sp vs
4-135
{4-6)
where
N
X
N y
N xy
N se
Nst
N sp
N VS
f
-
..
...
...
---
•
the total number of sources from card for wnich con-
centration (deposition) calculations are to be made,
NSOURC
the total number of points in the grid system X-axis~
NXPNTS
the total number of points in the grid system Y-axis~
NYPNTS
the total number of discrete (arbitrarily placed) points
NXWYP"1:
the number of seasons, NSEASN
the number of stability categories, NSTBLE
the number of wind speed categories, NSPEED
the maximum number of particulate categories for
any source if deposition or concentration with deple-
tion due to deposition is being calculated; otherwise
N is zero· vs
-t: 10-4;
for concentration calculations
for deposition or concentration .. wi!:h deple-·
tion due to deposition
. ·~ ~ ....
The variable f given above was calculated from example runs on a UNIVAC
1108 computer. If you are using a different computer or if. the values of
f given here are not accurate for your runs, recalculate f and replace
it with a more representative value. If N in Equation (4-6) is zero s
(all sources £rom tape), use the following equation to approximate the
time;
Time (seconds) N + N ) • N • Ng • k) _> 120 y xy se (4-7)
4-136
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where
N' .. , total number of input sources from tape or data file s
N -number of source combinations to be prlnted~ NGROUP g
k -4 X 10-3 -
The variable k is an approximation-from-a. few example runs and. the user
may want to substitute a value that: works better ori. his/her computer.
Also, if t:he system on wb:f.ch the user is running t:his program aborts runs
(jobs) that: max-time,. be generous rlth t:he time estimate.
b. Page Output. 'l:he total tiumber of pages of output from
the long-term ISCLX program depends on the problem being run and is given
by:
where*·
..
0
16.
N .
s
Pages:
;· .. .. ,...
;
... ,,~
. ' -.
i£ the-~rogram input data is not printed
i£ input. data other t:ha:n source data is
prlnted: (ISW(6) • "1 ")
if source· data only is prlnted (!SW(6)
:a "2.")
(4-8)
:16-+ N ; s if aU input data is printed (ISW(6) = (4-9)
"3") and (ISW(4.)· • ~'O") ll no terrain data
16 Hs + [:x1• [(NtN:: 19)j + t3 (N:x: llJ li
all input data is printed (ISW(6) = "3")
and. (ISW(4) • "l") terrain data are used
• total number of sources input to the program. However~
if concentration or deposition from individual sources
is not bli!ing printed (ISW(8) • "2") use Ns. ,. [N/~
*'l:he [ l symbols indicate to ro\Uld, up to the next largest integer if there
is any fractional part.
4-137
·------·-··--·-------------·-------· ---------
B
I
N c·
N
X
N y
N xy
K
=
=
=
=
=
=
..
=
Number of print lines per page (ISW(17)), default is 57.
I • (Ni +NJ• (~-x ·__....._-----1
(4-10)
+ ~ • <:7-lld + '
number of seasons for which concentration or deposi-
tion is to be printed. If seasonal output only, then
I • NSEASN; if annual output only, then I= 1; if both
seasonal and annual output, then ·I : NSEASN+l.
total number of individual source concentration or
deposition tables being printed. If ISWf$3) equals
"2", then Ni is set to zero. If ISW(8) equals "1" or
"3", then Ni is the total number of source ID-numbers
defined tmder the parameter _IDSORC. This includes
both implied and explicily punched source ID-numbers
in IDSORC. Count each source ID-number only once.
If the parameter NGROUP is "O" and the arra.v IDSORC
is not input, then Ni·is·the total number of card
plus tape inp\lt sources. Also, if maximum 10 calcu-
lations are.being made via ISW(11) or ISW(12), add Ni
pages to the total pages in Equation (4-8) above
for the individual source contributions to the com-
bined maximum 10.
total number· of combined source concentration or
deposition tables being printed (NGROUP). Do not
count single sources if they are already counted in
Ni"
NXPNTS
NYPNTS
NXWYPT
if maximum 10 values are not printed (ISI-1(10)
-0)
if maximum 10 values are printed (ISW(10) > O)
4-138
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C Oii the number of pages expected from the system plus other
processing within the. job
The above equations may not cover·everyoption in the ISCLT program
and~ if the system the user is using aborts runs that maL-page, be generous
with the page approximation.
c. Taoe Output. '!he to~ amouut. of tape used by a problem -run
depends on the type of computer, the installation standard block length for
unformatted FORTRAN records •. the number· of-tape recording tracks, the tape
recording density and the options and data· input to the problem run. This
section provides. the user with the total number of computer words outpu~ to
tape or data file and an,approximation. to the tape length used in. feet.
'!ha total number of computer words output to tape is given by
where
I
N -s
N -se
N . --X
N -y
N ..
xy
.· +· N (220 +N (N •N + N +1):\\ . s: . se x y xy-'J)
~ 0 ; i! option ISW(4) =-0
l N •N + N +1 ;-if option ISW(4) • 1
X y xy . -
the total number of carci and I or tape input
the number of seasons, NSEASN
NXPNTS
NYPNTS
NXWYPT
sources
(4-ll)
Add 28 to the total number of words written for UNIVAC 1100 series computers.
4-139
The user can approximate the length of tape required by
!..ength (feet)
where
B • the number of bits per computer word. IBM 360, etc.
is 32, UNIVAC 1100 series is 36 and CDC 6000 series
is 60.
D • the tape recording density choosen by the user or
required by the I/0 device, 200, 556, 800 or 1600
bpi.
(4-12)
B1 • the number of words per physical tape block for unfor-
matted FORXRAN records on the user's computer system.
Use 224 for UNIVAC 1100 series computers.
= "6" for 7 track tape or "S" for 9 track tape
The values 0.75 and 6.0 inches are used assuming the interrecord gap is
0.75 and the end-of-file is 6 inches.
4.2.6 Program Diagnostic Messages
The diagnostic messages produced by the !SCLT program are
associated only with data and processing errors within the program and
should not be confused with those produced by the computer system on
which the ISCLT program is run. All messages begin with either the--word-
ERROR or the word WARNING. All ERROR messages terminate the execution
of the program and WARNING messages allow the program to continue. How-
ever, WARNING messages could indicate data errors and should be examined
thoroughly when they occur. A list of the messages are given in Table
4-6 with the probable cause of the respective message.
4-140
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T.ABLZ 4-6
I.SCI.t WARNING AND EltROR MESSAGES
l.. EBROR -·MAX: ST.ORAGE. • n, USER REQUESTED m REDUCE' NO •. OF CALC.
POINTS. the: prograa. execution. is' teminated. because the rw1
required n locations. of BI.A.N'lC COMMON and only m are available. See
Equation. (4-l) in Section 4.1.2 forthecoreusage equation. See,
also. Equations (4-2) and (4-3) that may place additional restric-
tions on the user •.
2. EBB.OR -NOMBER OF SE'I'!LING VELOCITIES FOR. SOURCE n IS ZERO. Deposi-
tion is being calculated. and. the· parameter NVS on Carel Group 17 . is
zero for source n. ·See NVS to the. number of settlillg velocity cat-
egories and rerw1 ..
,-, __ ,-;
3. WAlUflNG. -FREQ •. OF OCCUlUENCE. 01! SPD VS •. Dill IS Not 1. 0 FOR SEASON
n, PROG DIVIDES BY' xxx.x. TO·'NOBMALIZE.. the:: sum over all categories
of~ the joint. frequency of occurrence of· wind speed and wind direc-
tion for season n; is, not. exact:ly 1.0, and. the program normalizes the
frequency distribution. by· the: factor '.ll::lCX•X; execution continues.
4. WARNING · ~ DISTANCE BE'!'WEEN SOURCE n AND POINT X, Y • xx .x, yy. y IS .
LESS THAN PEBMI'J:TED. l'his is a warning mess~ge to infom the user
that the program attempted to-calculate concentration or deposition
at the point. xx.x,. yy.y for source n, but the d.istauce is less thau
the model allows and no calculations were made, but execution contin-
ues~ ... :The ueer should ignore calculations at xx.x,yy.y for source
n or any source-combination including source: n •.
4-141
.............. -... ----· --·---
TABLE 4-6 (Continued)
5. ERROR-ELEVATION zzz.z EXCEEDS SOURCE EMISSION ELEVATION FOR SOURCE
n, PROG. TERMINATED. If any elevation exceeds a source -emission
elevation, program execution is terminated •.
6. EBROR -DISP CANNOT EQUAL 2 WHEN QFLCLIS GREATER THAN 0, OFFENDING
SOURCE • n, P'ROG. TE'RMINATED. An attempt was made to rescale con-
centrations that do not vary only by season. The program saves
only seasonal concentration on tape and cannot rescale with source
strengths that vary by wind speed and/or stability. Input all of the
source data ~.a card setting DISP equel to zero and NUMS equal to
the respective tape input source ID-number. The tape source will
be replaced by the card source.
7. ERROR -DISP GREATER THAN 0 FOR SOURCE n, NO MORE TAPE SOURCES,
PROG. TERMINATED. The program has found a source input card (Card
Group 17) that indicates it is to update or delete a tape source,
but it has run out of tape sources. Check your input source deck
and make sure you have the correct input tape.
8. ERROR -DISP GREATER IRAN 0 FOR SOURCE n, CANNOT FL~ CORRESPONDING
TAPE SOURCE, PROG. TERMINATED. The program has found an input
source card (Card Group 17) that indicates it is to update or
delete source n, but that source is not on the tape. Check the
sequence of the input source data as they must be in ascending
order of the source ID-number. Also, make sure you have the cor-
rect input tape.
4-142
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TABLE 4-6 (Continued)
9. WARNING -HW/RB > 5 FOR SOURCE n,. PROG. USES LATERAL VIRTUAL DIST.
FOR UPPER BOUND OF CONCENTILUION. (DEPOSITION) • The program is
informing the user that the supersquat building wake effects
option. (WAKE). on Card Group 17 was set~ to blank, "O" and the pro-
gram defaulted to those equations· for: the lateral virtual distance
that produce the upper bound on the concentration or deposition.
The lower bound may be calculated in another run by setting WAKE
-1.
10. ERROR -AVAILABLE. CORE • n, PROBLEM REQUIRES m OR MORE LOCATIONS.
The program has determined that m locations of BLANK COMMON are
required for the run, but onl}' n locations are available. See
-Equations (4-1)., (4-2) and (t.-:3) in Section 4.1.2.
1 L ERROR :.. iw: .. NO. OF SOURCES ttCEEDED FOR NGROUP OF ISW (ll) -2
OPTION. The number of: sources the program. has input. exceeds the
number the program is capable of processing under the special con-
dition c, under the parameters NGROUP or ISW(ll) • "2". See Equa-
tions (4-2) and (4-3) in. Section. 4.1.2 or-Equations (4-4) and (4-5)
in Section 4.2.3.
12. ERROR -STACK DIAMETER < • 0 FOR SOURCE n. Stack sources require
a stack diameter greater than zero. Check the order of the input
-source deck ..
13. W~ING -EXIT VELOCITY IS < • 0 FOR SOURCE n, PROG. SETS TO
l.OE-5 AND CONTINUES. ·The program sets a. zero exit velocity
for stacks to l.OE-5, because it is used as a divisor in the
plum€ rise equations. If you did not intend· to set the exit
velocity to zero for no plume rise, check the offending card
and the order of the input source deck.
4-143
------------------------------------
TABU: 4-6 (Continued)
14. EBROR -SIGYO ~ 0 FOR SOURCE n. Volume sources must have SIGYO
greater than zero. Check the order of the input source deck.
15. ERROR -SIGZO ~ 0 FOR SOURCE n. Volume sources must have SIGZO
greater than zero. Check the order of ·the input source deck.
16. ERROR -XO ~ 0 FOR SOURCE n. Area sources must have. XO greater
than ZERO. Check the order of the input source deck.
17. ERROR -SOURCE n LESS IN VALtJE '!HAN LAST SOURCE n READ. Source
input deck is out of order or mi.ss punched.
18. ERRoR -DISP CODE FOR SOURCE n IS OUT OF RANGE. The parameter DISP
must equal 0, l or 2. Check card and order of input source deck.
19. ERROR -TYPE CODE FOR SOURCE n IS OOT OF RANGE. The parameter TYPE
must equal 0, l or 2. · Check card and order of source input deck.
19. ERROR . .;.. QFLG CODE FOR SOURCE n IS OUT OF. RANGE. The parameter QFLG .
must equal 0, l, 2 or 3. Check card and order of source input deck.
4-144
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4.2.7. Program Modifications for Computers other than UNIVAC
1100 Series Computers
The ISCL'I program is written in the FOR'IR.AN language and uses
the FOR'IRAN features compatible with standard ANSI FOR'IRAN. 'lbe program
can ba implemented on most computers that meet the following requirements:
•
Must have the equivalent of' 65,000 UNIVAC 1110 words of
executable core storage
Must use 32 or more bits per-computer word
Must use 4 or more characters (bytes) per computer word
Must allow obj ece time dimension::Lng (FOR'IRAN)
Must have a 132 column line printer
'-'·' ·. ,., '·"·:· . . .
!he program also· assumes: the. iriput card derl.ce is iogical unit . ' ··. ', . . . .
S, the output printer is: l,c,g:Lc.al unit-6, the input tape unit is logical
unit 2. and the output. tape· unit is· logical unit. j. However, all but. unit
S can be-overridden with an alternate·· unit· number by inpue option. If
the user must change unitS to an-alternate number for the··card input
device., he must' change the· variable IUNT in. the main: program.. This vari-
able appears after the input comments· section in the· FORTRAN listing of
the main program •.
The·user may also adjust the computer core required by the pro-
gram by reducing or increasing the dimension (size) of BLANK COMMON in
the program. This is the first statement in· the main program and, if
changed,:. the user must also change the value of the variable IEND in the
main program. The variable IEND appears after the input comments section
in the main program. Also, the user must change the value of E in Equations
(4-l), (4-2), (4-3), (4-4) and (4-5) in the body of this text. Program
capabilities can be severly restricted if the size of BLANK COMMON is
reduced.
4-145
It is not possible to give all changes required to implement
this program on all computers. However, changes necessary to implement
this program on IBM and CDC medium to large scale computers are given
below:
Changes required for use on IBM 360 or above computers:
• Change the call ACOS to ARCOS in subroutine DISTR on
the 17th line
Changes required for use on CDC 6000 or above series computers:
• Add the following line on the first line of the main pro-
gram
PROGRAM ISCLT (INPUT, OUTPUT, '!APE nn, TAPE mm)
Where '!APEtm and TAPEmm are the names used on the tape
REQUEST card and nn and mm are the logical unit numbers
used to reference the input arid output tapes, r-espectively.
See the CDC FORTRAN Extended Reference Manual for your
machine for variations in this card and alterations of
this card by the LGO runstream card
• The program uses the END= clause in the read statement for
card source input data
READ (IONT, 9023, END = 1120) NUMSl, DISP. etc.
If your FORTRAN does not recognize this statement, remove
the ",END • 1120" from this statement on line 612 of sub-
routine MODEL. Also, if this clause is remc. ··ed from this
4-146
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statement, the user must insure che program never trys to
read beyond the last input card source or the program
will error off. Also, the END-clause is used in some
of the tape read statements at program listing sequence
Il1llilbers -50107820,. 50205430, 50205920 and 50205990.
If your FORTRAN does not recognize· the END• clause, it
must be removed. from chese statements. The removal of
the END-clause from these statements will eliminate the
capabilitT of the ISCLT program in some cases to position
a tape to the correct file via the input parameter NOFILE
when. multiple passes are. required through the tape data.
This problem can be overcome by writting the ISCLT out-
put dat&. to a mass-storage f~e and then copying the. mass-
storage· file to an output tape file when the program has
terminated •.
•. ··.Two succ:.essiva· fi.le m.ar:tts:·a.re: Written at:-the end of exe-
cution •.. The program.U:ses·th~·FORTBAN BACKSPACE command
to .. baC.k. the: ()Utput tape·. back ove:c the. last end of file
mark. wri.tten. If your FORTRAN BACKSPACE command does
not back over end of file marks, the tape will be left
positioned after the second end of· file mark at the end
of exec:.ution. However, if. the program must make multiple
passes through the tape for the output reports, the tape
. will be left positioned after the first file mark at the
end of the data set. The program will make multiple
passes through the data file, if Condition c under ISW{ll)
orNGROUP does not apply to ;he run and Condition a was
selected {see Section 4.1.2.a).
4-147
---··--·-·------·-,_. _____ --------
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REFEIWJCES
Barry, P. J. 1 1964; Estimation of downwinci concentration of airborne
effluents discha.rgeci in the neighborhood of buildings. ~
Report No. 2043, Atomic. Energy of C.mada, Ltd., Chalk River,
Ontario.
Briggs,. G~ A., 197l: Some· recent .malyses of plume rise observations, !!!.
Proceedings of the Second International Clean Air Congress~ Aca-
demic Press, New York.
Briggs, G. A. 1 1973 :· Diffusion estimates for small e::nissions. ATDL Con-
tribution File No~ (Draft) 79, Air Resources Atmospheric Turbu-
lence ~d Diffusion. Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Briggs, G. A., 1975: Plume rise predictions.. In Lectures on Air Pollu-
tion attd Environmental Impact Analysis, American Meteorological
Society, Boston,. Massachusetts~
Budney, L. J. ,. 1977:-Guidelines: for· air qual.ity maintenance planning and.
analysis, Volume. 10 (revised):. Procedures for evaluating air qual,...·
ity impact of· new stationary· sources·. EPA Report No. EPA-450/4-77-.
001; U. s·~. Ei:LV±rOmiiental. Protectiou Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North: Carolln&. ·· · · ·
Cramer, H. E., et: al.·,. -1972:::: Development. of. dosage mociels and. concepts.
Final. Repott u:r:i.d.er Contract: DA.All09-67:..C-0020 (R) nth the U. S.
A.:1:my, Deseret Test Center Report DTC-TR.-609, Fort Douglas, Utah.
Dumbauld~ R. K .. a:nci .r.: R. Bjorklund, 197'5: NASA/MSFC multilayer diffusion
mociels anci computer· programs. --·version 5. NASA Contractor Reuort
No. NASA CR.-2631, National Aeronautics and Space Administrat:ion,
George C.. Marshall Space Canter, Alabama.
Dumbauld, R. K•, J. E. Rafferty·and H. E. Cram.er1 1976: Dispersion-deposi-
tion from aerial spray releases. Prenrint Volume for the Third
Symposium on Atmospheric "Diffusion and Air Qciil.i£!, American Met-
eorolosic.al Society, Boston, Massachusetts.
Environmental Protection Agency," 1977: User's manual for single source
(CR.S'rEB.) model. EPA Report No. EPA-450/2-77-013, u. s. Environ-
mental Protection Agency,. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina • ..
Halitsky, J., 1963: Gas diffusion near buildings. ASHRAE Transcrillt 69,
Paper No. 1855, 464-485.
Halitsky, J., 1978: Comment on a stack downwash prediction formula. !!:!.·
~·, _g, 1575-1576.
5-1
Holzworth, G. C., 1972: Mixing heights, wi:ld speeds and potential for
urban air pol1utiou throughout the contiguous United States.
Publication No. AP-101, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Huber, A. H. and W. H. Snyder, 1976: Building wake effects on short stack
effluents. Preprint Volume for the Third Svmoosium on At:mosoheric
Diffusion and Ai.r Quality, American Me:teorological Society, Boston,
Massachusetts.
Huber, A. H., 1977: Incorporating building/terrain wake effects on stack
effluents. Preorint Volume for the Joint Conference on Anplica-
tions of Air Pollution Meteorology, American Meteorological Society,
Boston, Massachusetts.
McDonald, J. E., 1960: An aid to computation of ter.minal fall velocities
of spheres. J. Met •. , 1:1• 463.
National Climatic Center, 1970: Card Deck 144 WEAN Hourly Surface Observa-
tions Reference Manual 1970 t available from the National Climatic
Center, Ashevil1e, North Carolina 27711.
Sherlock, R. H. and F. A. Stalker, 1941: A study of flow phenomena in the
wake of smokestacks. En2. Res. Bull. No. 29, Department of Engi-
neering, University of. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Slade, D. H. (ed.), 1968: Meteorology and Atomic Energy. Prepared by Air
Resources Laboratories,,. E~SA, for u~. s. Atomic Energy Commission, 44.5. . ..
Turner, D. B., 1970: Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates. PHS
Publication No. 999-AP-26, U. S. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare, National Air Pollution Control Administration, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.
Turner, D. B. and A. Busse, 1973: User's guide to the interactive versions
of three point source dispersion programs: PTMAX, PTDIS and PTMPT.
Draft EPA Report, Meteorology Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Vincent, J. A., 1977: Model experiments on the nature of air pollution
transport near buildings. ~· !::.!.·, 1:1(8), 765-774.
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Chief, Environmental Applications Branch
Meteorology and Assessment Division {M0-80)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
RESRCH TRI PK, NC 27711
r·would like to receive· future. revisions to the
User• s GuideJor, . .rsc, .. Vc);l~ I. and. Vol. H. ·
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