HomeMy WebLinkAboutAPA3070ltant ,
Under ract to
za co Susitna 'lenture
p
ity
iscuss 5
ss
E
L
N.3
N.5
r p
Ek t a e a
s
I ant
er Summa
er Summa
er Summa
er Summa
er Summa
E er Summa r,
E a er Summa r,
Ekl a er Summa
E a er Summa
E a er Summa
E a er Summa
8 Ekl a er Summa f 1
E I a er Summa -June, 1
er Summa -JUly 1 1
er Summa ugu
er Summa
e Su
er Summa
b s -Glacier rk
b s -er
rk
Sus
u s 1
u
ze u
vs. me-a
9 5-
-1
re -
n
h
Su iment e-Size u -'1
ilrace
1 a ream-s id
1 ream-s
us s
p
er P
er P
1 er P 1
a er
a er P
E a Weather P -January, 1
er Plot -Februa
er Plot -rch,
er P
. 1 E er P 1 1
. 1 E a er P -June, 1
a er P -July 1 1
a ugu
a er P
a er P 1
a er P
p
n r
n
re P
re P
re P
le, 17,
u kl
Project il race,
u
re
2
ra sm;ss ra
p
s s
re for Inland
collection since 1982 was pe
B Jo a Bill h
compilation. Jeff Co·ffin was res sib e
a ts e p n I author of 1s
rs
re
Ul
processes
Ul
e lake (1.
have similar
rated or ope r h
ling
w
as
Eklutna Lake, continuous
rature, outflow volume and
nsferred to and from
erma I account
1n the !a 1n
les and
e Ia e
XIng environ and
e same me
reams and
n 1n June 1 an
u
h
were u
re, a d on
an
cs.
1
esig
re also
e
k
, a
rneasu
s
a
on
neous values we
ve humidity,
s Cumulative
same intervals.
wind gu observed over
za
ar
p
e
repo Data were recorded on
once per month during ins were
he cas were comp proces and summa
sis a ist.
a the lake one po1n
p ma t r1es combine rm
ream. r·eam was and s
e lack s access a
ne a es from Ekl
Gl2cier rk; er was call
reco
ea en .
a
s y
n
i I I,
n Ia con
a
1 a
ill
ang from a d
same occa
was ng a brass
, ~a r·n 1
s were id
con cent ical and G
s
li re vvas
were ai q a
u
d
u
res ran from a h
oo e 1ce r
res ranged 3 and 13° , rema
covered season. The Ia
r: 1n after breakup and in
ral in nces were noted where re
or 1n the center of the Ia ( 9) could
ced I rearn p e Ia ex
r, more tu id pi ume 1 n the Ia ke was va tng
d
was occas
erally a
as
, ding on
seen as an unde
as r (
-Ia 9,
n t concent
reams, from 0.1
tempe re
(on the
) , and coul
ree miles.
a
s ran from 0.1
e Ia n
va ues in occu
(
a
b
r
(
ginal vers
Prior a
model 1s ng calibrated using
1 e na
( Fig u re 2 . 1 ) .
e d Eklu
1 in e li
e Ia coli 1n u
as e . 1 . lacial u
1 e E a
e
a
' en vi t s m1x1nf1
1n in h
s ent an y
s rom e N
(N.
\IV ere
and have
) .
a ni
e unici
Ia t n
. i I ,
c
rences
" a summa
p
at
e
,
Ia
e
ou
s
ver and
r
, Sections 3
ke systems are discuss 1n S
nature are presented in e
how r1ver and lake rameters
main
va
other. he a dices, Volume 2,
were used p re these p
available are also in u 1n e a
h
p
es \ivhich
dices.
re proces
L
g-c from
les and graphs on a !y SIS.
p of e s1 in Fig
and 3.2. sensor con g u s are s
e R !np t were vai able
from e he nea fi -o
, was us Ekl na L . .;.,
..;~,-,
re. pressure was u
was from n va
it a u s cove es
d f e n
SENSOR ARRAY HOUSING
MOMETER AND
WIND VANE
FORMS ARE 10m ± APART.
CLEARING FillED WITH
SMAll BRUSH (1-2m ).
BY LARGER TREES.
CLEA lNG 20-30 m WI
w
I
k . ' '. :.
l
{
I
!
!
3
. 1 E ke s
3. 2 Eklutna La Cl site, looking SE towa uppe
in.
pa Ekl
1ns an wind vane, a shi
and RH sensors.
3.4 Auxiliary sensor pi Ekl Cl
sors inclu (I are ar sensor, ve
sensor, a tipping buc p
were establ
level recorders charts were
to stream
were gage on
Uing Is were in
in ) were ca
a cu meters per ( )
use .
. . 2
mon nuou
on press
a
1
to nea 0.
were mc~asu
model 5-C-T (
Sediment). 1:.'. s
Ju and August 1 ana
n case, re was measu
Amt~~.r~•· re, the measured cond v was
(APHA et al. 1981).
a U.S. (U.S.G.S,
s one
( ruhn
s s ana na
1
until Augu 1
rchased and used
turbidity (i.e., 90°
for the measure of nt~phelometric
( et al. 1981). Calibration sta rds were su
instrument manufacturers. Some differences were
measurements made the two instruments, so p imina val
adjusted using an empi rica I correction relationship.
ly discha and re 1
for ir
1 are shown in F ures a 4.4,
insta neous in mean dai ratu res, a also p
insta s values and su ( ) .
stream ins 9 ( s squ
d k's square mi T
is in e Eklutna G te nus T
accompan
h.
warm res,
and turbidity data col in
comparison with the streamflow and ratu re
and .4. High-turbidity and high-
generally coinciding with rises in the di
on the discharge plots, however,
rbidity plots, and vice versa. There are two reasons
data are plotted for every day, while
re available only from the times sampled, i.e.
(Q) could rise and II s
levels would also pres
in this pattern was
infl
4.4
in
re
in
ur::e g
rent
is
ntaneous values.
rm sunny
per week.
risen an-:1
ships i
value
tinuous reco
pa
si
is
were u
use in
X N .6.
and turbidity was
s are shown in Figures 4.7 and
ression equations. A
turbidity values in
measurements. It should be noted that the
for each stream, so application of
specific and are flowing water only (i.e.
streams arise from differences in
, shape, density, and color.
art: p in ure 4. 9 a
were
meters) at
ree curvE~s
lues a q
u
size,
. 10
ree
sunshine.
sun. However, in
very flat hydrograph
contrast, the
a 4.
fi
several
" sun
in the late afternoon or evening a
TSS, turbidity, a
r to that of the streamflows.
water re
0
00
4 0
E
Ul ,_.
,.....,.
rn
E
~
U1
U1
t-+
+
+
I S ( f
,......
t-z .,__,
>-.....
H
t::l
H
CQ
0:
t-
30
20
99.9 99 90 50 10 1.0 0.1
FINER Y OLU
TE S ZE
:I
Cl)
Cl)
1-
soo
250
:wo
2.0
1.0
0.0 2000 2200
JULY
I\
1 D 19
I'
5. 1.2
ss u a
ity were me as u a
itor. A probe was
digital A mercu
measu Sp
(YSI) Model 33 S-C-T measu
re 0 to 2 m, a in some cases
from 0-14 m to rtek 1ng .
was also measu on samp
ta and tu analyses.
to making measurements ai:
res were to nearest 0.1 and condu v
in
uous
st ng
s spen
per
n
rom a
The
at
(APHA et a . 1 ) .
raphs fix at di
9 (Figure 3.1)
=
" .5
From
(present
u I A u 1
were ana
tu
were
B) * Z)
(5
)
in
)
tu was mea.;u from
s
(AP ) . These
R USI
imeter, normal
u
5. 1.6 s
1,. 1
es
r total su
same p
usive, was pe
a
ures
pump,
IS pe
ids S) concentration we
as u r tu idi
Augu 16 and
retaining one-liter
measur·1ng tu
were r!
9
a
Station 9
in plot
ax on the
point in Ia or on
location an
for hydroelectric power in a northern
in and October (after e summer high
and in June (following
) . The observed annual fl was
12 meters ( 40 feet), maximum at II
p le are presented in ix G.
p the Ia temper·atu re for sampli trips with r or more
s are in A ix H.
Eklutna ex hi bits
h
rn periods annually,
ns
C around
or ea
each year -ile 1n e
spring. Ia
s to maximum
Ice formation can
5
rmal
si at C
i n as s con as a s m a I
in
event
sea
compa son. rrences
response: cons ing
in 1 ng xi
s
winds
wi , on
res 5.4-5.6.
was
II a
in
res
di
e
were a!
a d
were
prep a
same con
n
from
n n
s
a
e
the high con
(1 or
ly time, a
water at ing
u as I.
ures in cs
su summer season-one
-1 u m )
use 9.
ax s reases direct s i
values.
or
k
h s
ex
shi
a
cou
in E utna
is some scatter in
n
is one
-f
s
v ver·sa.
I di F
5.17 s values
values. qu a bit of
( idation
:::hip come from in e
in sediment cha a er
:::-li ar·e inc I in several
ix G contains ual ing trips, a sheet
on s are p
J. res H .1-H. e r~e
each sampli we at mo
s. gures J. 1 a J.2 p a
S, a u u
ai 5 Ia during five-
. 1-.9 provi summa
~..---1-------")
~o..,~--o--6 -------
NOTE: TEMPERATURES
IN DEGREES CELS US.
?
MAY
\
10
5
I
I I
\ I I
I \
I
0.0
-2.0 ......
...
,-.., +
+ +->
4-+
""-/' +
+ + -4.0
1-+
w
1--t -·6. 0 <~
u +
u +
w +
U1 ++
-8.0
-10.0
(S)
(S)
EXTI
H
H
-
EX I
.0
>-10.0
1--
H
>
H
U1 9.0 U1 ._I
(f) +
cr: 8.0
1--
1--z 7.0 w u
{}:: * w +
CL +
6.0
5.0 ~----------~------------~----------~------------~---------~
tSl
ru
EXT NCT
0.0
+ +
-2.0 + 1·
.,-...
+> + .t +
4-+ .,_,
4.0 t
1-
(L
w +
r.::l
H 6.0
u u w
T (
>-
H
I-I
measu
)
ilrace
Hyd
ka
re and discharge
three times daily, at 1
ant
ni
sensed temperature in a pen
flow passing rough each tu ne was calcu
from production performance curves. Ia
Administration in ac per a d
per a rs
inp
1 tai r·ace
were
es were
s, e norma s
n
in
rical correction ship.
R&M for conductivity usi a
T a adjusted to conductivity at 25°C (AP
) .
of sediment concentration were
I a Alas Inc. using n
total nonfiltel"able ue (A A et
1 were refrige after u I anal is,
was normal same as or sampli
0. cron pore sizes were used s
s. size distributions an min era ic anal
es, El h rst
. . 7
ri s
) .
was u n
res were nea 0.
ly
s, as defined (1 , were measu
in a
submerged.
0.1 foot .
quadrants and
Secchi disk measu were
layout of the Eklutna Hydroelectric Project works, incl ing
nt intake in the lake and the tailrace adjacent
are shown schematically in Figure 6. 1. The i are
withdrawal at a single level in the reservoir (elevation 794
are located on the north shore of Eklutna Lake near 15
(Figure 3.1). original intake structure extended over 200
along
s
ea
con
lake bottom and was surrounded by gently-s
sides, as shown in Figure 6. 1. However, c
intake had be rehabil
s an uncontrol
has di
arou 1
one-half
only
( 10:
(1 )
sinc.c
n 1
I 1 ...
J.
was con a
p
s. It is now
u.s.
a d r,
with a design flow
steel pipe encased in
75" in different portions of
instal capacity of the two Francis-type
powerplant is 33,334 kilowatts, with a max1mum gross
Average annual energy production from the plant
and 1980 was 156,000 megawatt-hours, ranging from 97,000
megawatt-hours in any year. The tailrace consists
reinforced-concrete pressure conduit, 209 feet long a of ng
width and depth, which discharges into an open chan T
channel has a 25-foot bottom width, side slopes of 2:1, a
12.5 feet, and a length about 2000 before
Kni k River (CH2fv1 Hill 1981).
6 .. 2 and
e va of TSS, tu , Secchi disk ' a
in
re s
s value
duri open
in ure 6. 2.
was
r season. The is
re
ri
ra 3. C in a high
a s measured in were
r, with a few upwa spikes, li
Ia The base level of turbidity also rose duri
summer season. Turbidity over the
NTU in ea June to a peak of 46 NTU in
k down to 6. 6 NTU by November before the Ia
values varied from a spring low of 0. 5 mg/1 in June a h
in late July and then a low again of 2.2 mg/1 in November. n
fluctuations, between 2.2 and 7.6 mg/1 and 6.6 and 15.5 , we
for TSS and turbidity after mid-September.
k in both plots in late August was probably aue rong
wou
ilrace
presence
n
nds that blev/ down the lake and persisted for several
would tend nsport more surface water
to move more of the turbid inflow
re also rose slightly at is time, p due
warm surface water in e
increases 1n tu d and s is
ng e waves (up to 2
5
s.
a
T
to e
r
at
T
are in
u
F, F. F. ,
RESM model are
ues of outflow volume,
utna of which were
il race.
re
Project (from the U.S. G. S. for the recent Ia
in
s).
Water Project (EWP), a project to transport drin
Lake to Anchorage, is currently being developed
E
of Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility. The engineeri
Munici lity prepared a report ich presented some
-acquired water quality and sediment data (Montgomery ineers,
1984). These data and supporting information are u in
x in Tables .1 and M.2, Figures M.l .6, and P M.l a
were collected at the powerplant during ree six-wee
hases in 1983: February-March, May-June, and
4.1 g ranges of numerous water qual pa
duri their Plots of turbidity a
are s in ure were obtai
ra
va
rua th
F
7.5 a
October 1
F (13°C), a
NTU. size
were
re
re~s
val
di p
pa n
7
IN
RU
INTAKE
RUC R
NCRETE LINEOTUNNEL2
ER NE
E S FT
H
H
1-
20
10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
+
in
in res 7 . 1 -. 3,
r way
follow
cons together. min tu
occu in early June, rose sha a
observed peak of the year around July 1.
a
a bit but stayed high for almost all Ju tu
9 occurred in ea June rose gradually through June a
not peak until mid-July, a or two after streams' pea
is expected, considering travel time down Ia rences
ing frequency could also effect e apparent d in
events. A further lag was seen at the tai I race: the rise in tu
n in late June and continued until the peak in Ju ry
rises in rbidity on both streams in late July s up as h
values 9 about 2 and a week or
so (late A u There were also some
August e id e
-1
con
as can
9 wa
h
a
was
to
res
res, a simi
a couple
!"8S
were
TSS/tu rbidity samples were
rd conditions at the lake su
seen comparing Figure 5.3.
s
grou
stream
very
en vi
quirk;y in a
in
but occu
summer
so
in
is vvas
was
re flu
-air
n
June,
e
d,
1
13
23,500
27,100
7
93 100
Inflow data were
1,
0
0
0
0
10,000
30,900
38,600
94,800
measured by
1 500
3 400
400
65 700
15
187,900
R&M
Values were estimated,
values \vere partially estimated ..
206,
Outflow data were provided by Alaska Power Administration
D y
5,
J. 1981. A
:5. In: Transport s a
.B. . ) . Proceedings of a urn on p
Press, Inc.
1 p aspects s
Laboratories, Ltd. Elmhu , Illinois.
neers,. Inc. 1 k 7, E utna
Prepa nicipal A a
ni (N .. A.A.).
a annual umma
ce,
al Cl il 1 ina.