HomeMy WebLinkAboutAPA3281r
L
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
Preliminary Final Plan of Study
Fish and Wildlife Studies
proposed by the Alaska
Department of Fish and Game
November 1979
----------------"------"------------_/
;K
Ilf;Zs
,.sg
I,(00
..
,-<.,'
OC1:ober 31,1979
Mr.Eri c Vou ld,Oi rector
Al aska Power Authority
333 W.4th Avenue
Anchorage.Al aska 99510
Dear /1ft'.You Id:
I
/JA r S.fiAMMONO.GOVERNOR
/
/
/
J:r1 RASPBERRY .'WAD
ANCRORA;;;1S!ii12
,
I
-
ihe Alaska Department of Fish and Game ;s providing the enclosed Phase r
25 month porti on of the 5-year fi sheri as and ','fi 1dl i fa st:Jdy proposed to
be conducted.as part of the Susitna Hydroelectric feasibility investigations.
ine proposals wer~df!veloped foilawing discussions I;'/ith Acr-es ..Arnerican
and the;r environmental stUdies subcontractor,Terrestrial E.!1vi ronmenta 1
Specialfsts.'He have also met with represantatives of the U.S.Fish andwndlifaServ;csand the A1aska.Department of Natura 1 Resources td
obtain their suggestions and advice relative to portions of our proposals
and the development OT a final re"ised pian of study.r must indicate,
hQw~"er,that it should not be inferr~<i that USPIlS and ADNR have formally
endorsed these proposals in thei rent;rsty .The;r forma 1 pas iti cns
l"egard.ing the-9nti're revised 13 1an oT study wil1undoubi:edly come duri ng
the next,a genc:y and publ i C rev i E'H stage.
tTl his 1ettar tome on October 4 t Robert (\4ann of your staff di sC:.Jssad a
!1umcer of issues and subject areas trlhi en requi t"e~our input on tne
development o,f the revised pian-of stUdy.The information provided
herein should satisfy part rJT those requirements outlined by the API~,
but speei fi C l""Efinements addrsssing our concerns out I ined in .ou·r at~ache~
proposal anct comments of other agencies tHill be needed durin,g the period
,~res or the Corps of Engineers is revising the PQS next month •
.~~~..
Tn QlTl.as 'til.Tr"snt
Reg;ana 1 Sup.erv i SOl"
Hac;tat Protact ion Secti on
cc:Representative R.Halford
~epresentative 3.Rodgers
CJmmi ssi oner R.'0.,Skoog -,:l.DF&G
C '.'...,..II \A 1'1r"1"'r.omnnSS1oner c.r,.;'IUS ler -I-\UJ:...
Ccrmnissioner R.:.LeResche -AONR
J.Lawr~nce -Acres
J.Sa'rt1es -rES
R.80wker -USP~S
a~~etrie -ADNR
ARLIS
Alaska Resources
Library &'Information Services
Anchorage.Alaska '
'i
\\.
i
I
!
.-r ,
)
!'
....
•...;.'
'..
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
Preliminary Final Plan of Study
Fish and Wildlife Studies
proposed by the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
November 1979
ARLIS
Alaska Resources
Library &Information Services
Anchorage.Alaska
.",..'~
--
-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
PROGRAM JUSTIFICATION ..
Federal/State Laws
State Laws .0 0 0
ISSUES,PROBLEMS CONCERNS AND RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING
THE SUSTINA HYDRO PLAN OF STUDY 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 _0 0 0 0
Project Review &Interagency Coordinaton .
Phase I Studies Initiation.0 0 0 0 0 0
Phase II Studies .0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0
Socioeconomic Considerations 0 0 • 0 0 0
Administrative Overhead &Time Delays
Monitoriing &Surveillance.
Estuarine Studies
AQUATIC STUDIES
ii
iii
1
1
3
6
6
7
8
8
10
10
11
12
Introduction 12
Study Proposa 15 .0 • 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 •13
Stock Assessment of Adult Anadromous Fish Populations 15
Stock Assessment of Adult Resi dent Fi sh &Juvenile Resi dent
&Anadromous Fi sh Populations.0 0 0 0 •'0 23
Seasonal &Spatial Habitat Studies 0 34
REFERENCES . . .0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BUDGETS-SUSITNA HYDRO FISHERIES STUDLES 0
Administration &Support 0 0 • 0 0
Anadromous Adult-Stock Assessment.0
Resident &Juvenile Anadromous Fishery Study
Spatial &Seasonal Habitat Studies 0
WILDLIFE STUDIES 0 • 0 • 0 0 • 0 •
40
43
43
45
52
57
61
Introduction ...0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 • 0 0 •61
Moose Distribution,Movements,&Habitat Use 0 62
Wolf Distribution,Abundance,Habitat Use
&Prey Se 1ecti on 0 •00 0 0 • • 0 0 • 0 •o.•68
Wolverine Distribution,Abundance,Movements,Patterns,
&Habitat Use .0 0 0 0 ••~0 • 0 0 0 •••0 0 ••0 70
Bear Distribution,Movements,Abundance &Habitat Use 0 0 72
Caribou Herd Identity,Migration Patterns &Habitat Use 0 74
Di stri buti on &Abundance of Da 11 Sheep 0 • 0 0 • • • • 0 77
APPENDIX
Attachment I,Letter to Eric Yould,APA,from Theodore Smith,
ADNR,October 26,1979.
i
LIST OF FIGURES
1.General Sampl ing Schedule .
2.Aquatic &Wildlife Studies Organization Chart.
3.Aquatic Studies Organization Chart
4.Wildlife Studies Organization Chart.
i i
•39-A
80
81
82
ARLIS
Alaska Resources
Library &Information Services
Anchorage.Alaska
LIST OF TABLES
l.Big Game Studies Phase I Budget . .. ... ... .. .. ...78
F'"
2.Budget Summary-Aquatic &Wildlife Studies
&Support (Phase I). . .. .. .. ..... ... ... ..79
-
,.....
I
I
I
iii
....
"""
-
PROGRAM JUSTIFICATION
The programs proposed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G)
are the first phase of a five year study program,necessary in the
opinion of this Department,to meet the provisions of numerous federal
and state laws and regulations providing for the consideration of fish
and wildlife values in pre-project planning and evaluation of impact
assessment,project possibility determination,mitigation of probable
impacts should the project be constructed,and survei llance and monitoring
during and after project construction.The biological objectives and
justification are explained in the task work plans;the statutory and
regulatory mandates for conducting these proposed work plans are outlined
hereafter:
Federal/State Laws
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA)
The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act,draft uniform procedures for
compliance,May 1979 further standardizes procedures and interagency
relationships to insure,Ilthat wildlife conservation is fully considered
and weighed equally with other project features in agency decision
making processes by integrating such considerations into project planning,
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)compliance procedures,financial
and economic analyses,authorization documents,and project implementation.II
As stated in the Federal Register (Vol 44,No.98)this Act applies not
only in the project area,but wherever project impacts may occur.
Subpart B FWCA Compliance Procedures
Sec.410.21 Equal consideration
Equal consideration of wildlife resource values in project planning
and approval is the essence of the FWCA compliance process.It
requires action agencies (the Alaska Power Authority~APA)to
involve wildlife agencies (the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
and U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service,USFWS)throughout their planning,
approval,and implementation process for a project and highlights
the need to utili 4e a systematic approach to analyzing and establishing
planning objectives for wildlife resource needs and problems and
developing and evaluating alternative plans.
Sec.410.22 Consultation
(a)Initiation.The FWCA compliance process may be initiated by
a potential applicant,an action agency,or a wildlife agency.
(b)Potential Applicants.Implementing procedures of action
agencies shall provide that applicants for those non-federal project
approvals which require a water-dependent power project approval
from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)(also applies
to preliminary FERC permit)contain written evidence that they
initiated the FWCA compliance process with both Regional Directors
and the head of the State wildlife agency exercising administration
over the fish and wildlife resources of the state(s)wherein the
project is to be constructed and early site review (NRC)applicants.
-1-
The intent of this paragraph (a)(l)of this section is to assist
applicants in designing environmentally sound projects without
waste of their planning resources and to minimize the potential for
delay in the processing of applications.Action agency implementing
procedures shall advise that consultation should be Jnitiated by
the applicant at the earliest stages of its project planning,and
that its submissions to wildlife agencies shall indicate the general
work or activity being considered,its purpose(s),and the general
area in which it is contemplated.
Nationa 1 Envi ronmental Pol icy Act (NEPA)
The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ),Regulations for Implementing
the Procedural Provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act (40
CFR,Parts 1500-1508,July 30,1979)specifies provisions requiring the
integration of the NEPA process process into early planning,the integration
of NEPA reqirements with other environmental review and consultation
requirements,and the use of the scoping process.
Clean Water Act
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act of 1977 and regulations for implementation
of the permit program of the Corps of Engineers (33 CFR,Parts 320-329,
July 19~1977)requires that a Department of the Army permit(s)be
obtained for certain structures or work in or affecting waters of the
United States.The application(s)for such a permit(s)will be subject
to review by wildlife agencies.
Executive Order 11990 (Wetlands)
This order was issued "in order to avoid to the extent possible the
long-term and short-term adverse impacts associ ated wi th the destructi on
or modification of wetlands and to avoid direct or indirect support of
new construction in wetlands wherever there is a practicable altenative,"
and Executive Order 11988 (Floodplains)was issued lito avoid to the
extent possible the long-term and short-term adverse impacts associated
with the occupancy and modification of floodplains and to avoid direct
and indirect support of floodplain development wherever there is a
practicable alternative.It All federal agencies are responsible to
comply with these EO's in the planning and decision-making process.
Endangered Species Act
Section 7(c)of the Endangered Species Act,87 Stat.884,as amended,
requires the APA to ask the Secretary of the Interior,acting through
the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service,whether any listed or proposed
endangered or threatened species may be present in the area of the
Susitna Hydroelectric Power Project.If the Fish and Wildlife Service
advises that such species may be present in the area of the project,
the APA is required by Section 7(c)to conduct a Biological Assessment
-2-
to identify any listed or proposed endangered or threatened species
which are likely to be affected by the construction project.The assessment
is to be completed within 180 days,unless a time extension is mutually
agreed upon.No contract for physical construction may be entered into
and no physical construction may begin until the Biological Assessment
is completed.In the event the conclusions drawn from the Biological
Assessment are that listed endangered or threatened species are likely
...,.to be affected by the construction project,the APA is required by
Section 7(a)to initiate the consultation process.
Water Resources Council,Principles and Standards
The princi pl es and standards for Pl anning Water and Rel ated Land Resources
(18 CFR,Part 704,April 1,1978)were established for planning the use
of the water and related land resources of the United States to achieve
objectives,determined cooperatively,through the coordinated actions of
the Federal,State,and local governments;private enterprise and organi-
~zations;and individuals.These principles include providing the basis
for planning ~f federal and federally assisted water and land resources
programs and projects and federal licensing activities as listed in the
Standards.The President in his June 6,1978 statement further defined
federal water policies.
State Laws
Ti tl e 16
Title 16,independently of Federal laws,mandates the Alaska Department
of Fish and Game to manage,protect,maintain,enhance,and extend the
fish and game,and aquatic plant resources and the habitat that sustains
them including assisting the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service in the
enforcement of federal laws and regulations pertaining to fish and
wil d1 i fe.
Sec.16.05.870 also states that:
(b)If a person or governmental agency desires to construct a hydraulic
project,or use,divert,obstruct,pollute,or change the natural flow
or bed of a specified river,lake or stream,or to use wheeled,tracked,
or excavating equipment or log-dragging equipment in the bed of a specified
river,lake,or stream,the person or governmental agency shall notify
the commissioner of this intention before the beginning of the construction
or use.
(c)....If the commissioner determines to do so,he shall,in the
letter of acknowledgement,require the person or governmental agency to
submit to him full plans and spectfications of the proposed construction
or work,complete plans and specifications for the proper protection of
fish and game in connection with the construction or work,or in connection
with the use,and the approximate date the construction,work,or use
will begin,and shall require the person or governmental agency to
obtain written approval from him as to the sufficiency of the plans or
specifications before the proposed construction or use is begun.
-3-
Purpose.The purpose of this section is to protect and
conserve fish and game and other natural resources.1964.
Att1y Gen.,No.10
Alaska Coastal Management Program
The recently approved Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP)mandates
that all State,Federal and Local government agencies must coordinate
all planning and development activities in the State's coastal zone to
ensure adequate consideration and protection of Alaska1s coastal waters
and resources.As the proposed Susitna Hydropower project will occur
within Alaska's coastal zone and certainly will directly influence
coastal waters all planning and development plans must be consistent
with the Coastal Standards and the Mat-Su Borough1s District Coastal
Plan once it is completed and approved.The Coastal Standards are
presently in effect and all State and Federal actions must be consistent
with them.Section 6AA C 80.130 states that:
(a)habitats in the coastal area which are subject to the Alaska Coastal
Management Program include:
(1)offshore
(2)estuaries
(3)wetlands and tidal flats
(4)rocky islands and sea cliffs
(5)barrier islands and lagoons
(6)exposed high energy coasts
(7)rivers,streams and lakes
(8)important upland habitat
These habitats which are specifically defined in the Standards must be
identified within the Susitna Hydro Study area during the feasibility
studies.In addition,Section (b)states that habitats contained in (a)
of this section shall be managed so as to maintain or enhance the biological,
physical and chemical characteristics of the habitat which contributes
to their capacity to support living resources.Specific guidelines are
also provided for each coastal habitat.The Coastal Zone Management
consistancy requirements are manadated in both the Alaskan and Federal
CZM Acts and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act.The Question of
consistancy with CZM standards goes well beyond the FERC licensing
requirements and should be treated as a separate step in determining the
feasibility of Hydro Power alternatives.
The Alaska Department of Fish and Game has a strong mandate under these
laws to insure that adequate planning study and evaluation of the fish
and wildlife resources in the Susitna Hydro Project area are completed·
and become a part of the decision making information used to determine
project feasibility.If the project is constructed these studies will
be the basis for mitigation plans or the formulation of mitigation
studies to offset project impacts.Mitigation as defined in Section
1508.20 of the National Environmental Policy Act Implementation Regulations
includes:
-4-
....
(a)Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action
or parts of an action.
(b)Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the
action and its implementation.
(c)Rectifying the impact by repairing,rehabilitating,or restoring
the affected envi ronment.'
(d)Reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation
and maintenance operations during the life of the action.
(e)Compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute
resources or environments .
-5-
-,
ISSUES,PROBLEMS,CONCERNS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
REGARDING THE SUSITNA HYDRO PLAN OF STUDY
Project Review and Interagency Coordination
Because of the magnitude of the Susitna Hydroelectric Feasibility Study,
continuous coordination in accord with the Uniform Procedures for compliance
with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act will be best accomplished
through formation of a Susitna Hydroelectric Steering Committee.The
function of this committee would be to provide coordinated exchanges of
information between the Alaska Power Authority and interested resource
management agencies.Through this exchange,the concerns of all agencies
involved would be identified early and hopefully prevent unnecessary
delays in the progress of the feasibility study.
We propose that the Steering Committee be composed of representatives of
resource agencies with responsibilities pertaining to the Susitna Hydroelectric
Feasibility Studies (ADF&G,ADEC,ADNR,USFWS,USGS,and NMFS).This
committee would provide for interagency coordination through joint
review of project related materials and for development,through convening
the committee,of more informed and uniform positions representing all
resource interests to be transmitted to the applicant.This we believe
provides that applicant with a more efficient process for information
exchange.
The objectives of this committee are to:
1.develop plans of study which are based upon full agency participation
thro~ghout each phase of the planning process;
2.select the resource specialists who will undertake the required
studies and investigations;
3.insure that the biological and related environmental studies,
their timing,and technical adequacy are planned,implemented,
and conducted to provide the quantitative and qualitative data
necessary to:a)assess the potential impacts to fish and
wildlife resources;b)provide the basis for mitigation and
compensati on of resource 1osse~.whi ch wi 11 resul t from the
project at the time of submiss ion of a FERC license application;
and c)select the favored miti ation and/or compensation
alternative from the product generated by lIbll;
4.provide the forum for continued project review to jointly
develop all aspects of the studies and to provide for a timely
exchange of information and for redirection of studies should
the accomplishment of specific objectives be in jeopardy;
-6-
-
5.assure that the studies are conducted in compliance with all
state and federal laws,regulations,Executives Orders,and
mandates as they apply to fish and wildlife resources;and
6.provide unified agency comments from the committee to the
appl icant.
The Susitna Hydroelectric Steering Committee should convene on a regular
basis as dictated by planning and review.requirements.However,it
seems appropriate to meet at a minimum on a monthly basis to exchange
reports and to be advised of progress toward objectives by the Alaska
Power Authority and principle investigators.A record of agreements
reached,recommendations and corrments provided,and responsibilities
assigned in meetings should be distributed to all parties involved.
Progress reports should be submitted to members of the committee quarterly.
Comments from the committee to APA would then be submitted at a pre-
established time thereafter.Comments provided to the Alaska Power
Authority should be appropriately addressed and incorporated into project
documents.
The participating members of the committee must have free access to all
data collected during the study.In addition,principal project personnel
should be accessible to members of the committee in case clarification
of any aspect of the field studies is required.
Phase I Studies Initiation
The programs outlined in the work plans are scoped into a 24 month time
frame for Phase I field work and one additional month covering Phase I
annual report development during January 1982.The completion of several
of these studies between January 1989 and.Jan.uary 1982 is not considered feasible.
A large amount of materials,equipment and scientific gear will be
requ i red for these studi es.Many of these i terns wi 11 requi re orderi ng
well in advance of the date on which they would be employed in the
field.For example,major sonar and radio-telemetry development is
anticipated for anadromous adult stock assessment and migrational work.
The Bendix Corporation,the supplier of the sonar equipment the Department
uses,has indicated a minimum of 18 months from order to delivery of
sonar equipment.Also,members of the USFWS who have utilized radio-
telemetry in the State have indicated an up to one year delay in the
fielding of that equipment until radio frequencies are approved by the
FCC.
New State personnel regulations may also affect this Department1s timely
implementation of studies unless an expedited procedure for employing
staff dedicated to these studies is developed.If funds are released on
January 1,1980,several months wi 11 be required to obtain the staff
needed to begin field work in 1980.These staff are crucial to the
continued progress of specific planning and organizational work which
-7-
must necessarily begin as close to January as possible or further study
de 1ay wi 11 be encountered.
Allowance must be made for the impacts of equipment and personnel constraints
on the ability of this Department to conduct the proposed fish and
wildlife studies.These are realities which must be dealt with and are
fundamental determinants of the adequacy of the work we have proposed to
do.
Phase II Studies
A major position of the Department for the past several years is that
many of the biological studies must be conducted through a five year
period to provide the basic cyclical,environmental information needed
to evaluate project impacts and the mitigation requirements or alternatives
that are available.In the time availed us,we have not been able to
provide a specific budget or work plan proposal for the studies that may
be required in the years succeeding Phase I into Phase II,and it may
not be reasonable to do so at this stage.
An acceptable Plan of Study must insure that studies are continued into
Phase II.It is the position of this Department that study continuation
and redirection should be based on the outcome of Phase I information.
The proposed Susitna Hydroelectric Steering Committee,which has been
proposed herein,is an important group,in our opinion,to insure scoping
and budgeting of Phase II studies are executed in a consistent and
systematic fashion.
Socioeconomic Considerations
Of primary importance to this Department is Objective 4:to dete~line
the economic~recreational,social,and aesthetic values of the existing
resident and anadromous fish stocks and habitat.
This objective will enable the Susitna Hydro environmental studies to
assess the socioecon\omic impacts on commercial ~recreational,and subsistence
users and industries supporting them.Over half of Alaska's growing
population resides in the proximity of the impact area.Not only this
population,but commercial fishe~en,recreationists,and businesses
from throughout the nation and other countries may be affected by the
hydroelectric project.The popularity of Denali State Park and nearby
Mt.McKinley National Park further attests to the high socia'~recreational,
and aesthetic qualities of the area.
The basic problem in regard to the Susitna Hydro POS is to define and
conduct the studies which will adequately evaluate the socioeconomic
(monetary and nonmonetary)and cultural values of fish and wildlife and
-8-
-
the habitat that supportsthern \'1hen comparing them with other (more
tangible)monetary resource values and uses associated with hydropower
development.
It must be emphasized that to ultimately select the best uses of the
natural resources of the Susitna Basin from which society will receive
the most long term benefit~the net benefits (total benefit minus total
costs)must be adequately evaluated.Consequent1y~values must be
assigned to each potential resource use.When monetary terms are in-
-appropriate~agencies will need to devise nonmonetary means of evaluating
impacts to fish and wild1 ife resources.Existing regulations require
agencies such as the Corps of Engineers (CDE)or the Alaska Power Authority
(APA)to search out~develop and follow procedures reasonably calculated
to bring environmental factors to peer status with dollars and technology
in their decision-making.NEPA directs action agencies to lithe fullest
extent possible":
identify and develop methods and procedures which will insure
that presently unquantified environmental amenities and values
may be given appropriate consideration in decisionmaking along
with economic and technical considerations (42 U.S.C.54332
(a)(B).
These methods should quantify habitat values which are equivalent to the
extent and type of habitat affected by the planned project and estimate
the quantity and quality of habitat needed to be acquired and/or improved
to mitigate loss.It can then be determined if the socio-economic-
impacts of the project can be mitigated and at what cost.Furthermore~
the Water Resources Council directs action agencies to devise nonmonetary
means of evaluating fish and wildlife impacts:
When effects cannot or should not be expressed in monetary
terms,they will be set forth~insofar as is reasonably
possible,in appropriate quantitative and qualitative
physical~biological or other measures reflecting the en-
hancement or improvement of the characteristics relevant to
the type of effect under consideration (38 F.R.24797).
As a result,the often-cited excuse that the evaluation of supposedly
IItntangible ll habitat values is difficult or impossible is no longer
valid (Horvath 1978;Dwyer 1977;Copeland 1976;Morrow 1979).
Specific data to analyze both the nonmonetary and monetary socioeconomic
recreational ~social,and cu1 tural val ues of the Susitna River Basin are
lacking.It should also be stressed that an adequate assessment of
monetary val ues by traditional methods must be based on commercial ~
-9-
-
recreational,and subsistence use data which are not currently available
and not being collected.Designs for this data collection and the data
collection itself would best be done by the Department of Fish and Game,
the traditional collector of data on these users.Therefore,this
Department would like to actively participate in planning those portions
pertaining to socioeconomics,recreational,cultural and aesthetic
values of the Susitna River Basin.
Administrative Overhead and Time Delays
Overhead costs have not been included in the attached budget.The
Alaska Departmment ofFish and Game (ADF&G)normally charges overhead to
cover costs incurred by its Division of Administration.On most outside
contracts,this amounts to approximately 10 percent of all costs except
equipment.However,overhead is usually not charged on reimbursable
service agreements (RSA)between State agencies.SusitnaHydroelectric
Project studies will place an additional burden on the Division of
Administration particularly during the first year when major equipment
purchases and personnel hiring will occur.However,this additional
work load is not likely to cost 10 percent of the proposed budget (approximately
$600,000 during 19S0 and 19s1).Surplus money would presumably revert
to the General Fund without accomplishing any purpose.
A more reasonable approach would be for the Division of Administration
of the ADF&G,the Alaska Department of Administration,and the Alaska
Power Authority to design a realistic program for administering the
funds and to have APA reimbu rse the appropri ate agenci es for actual
costs.These costs should be added to the overall budget.
The time normally required to process purchase requisitions and contracts
is likely to create problems with APA's time table.A similar problem
developed when the Legislature appropriated Bristol Bay disaster relief
funds during 1974 after a failure in the salmon run.The problem was solved by
funding a position in the Anchorage office of the Department of Administration
to expedite purchasing.This allowed the rapid purchase of items without
violating purchasing procedures and without excessively burdening the
State I s regular administrative staff.A similar approach would be
benefi ci alto the Susitna Program.It is recommended that APA and
Administration consider it as an option.
Monitoring &Surveillance
Moni tori ng and survei 11 ance of Phase I and II proj ect act i viti es to
minimize the impact of these activities on fish and wildlife and their
habitats will be necessary.
The Susitna Hydro Coordinator will be responsible for assuring thattheDepartmen"t reviews and comments upon the host of State ana Federal
permit actions which may be required each year for land and water use.
-10-
.....
He will be specifically responsible for ADF&G Title 16 permit applications
review and development stipulations to protect fish and game.
Estuarine Studies
The Department of Fish and Game has not attempted to detail possible
estuarine studies for the preliminary final POS.These studies can be
delayed pending the outcome of Phase I studies.
If demonstrable hydrologic and water quality changes near the mouth of
the Susitna River are shown or projected (based on the analysis of 1980
or 1981 data),estuarine studies should be initiated to identify the
potential for project impacts on that environment .
-11-
--
AQUATIC STUDIES
Introduction
The Susitna River drainage~located north of Cook Inlet,encompasses an
area of 19,400 square miles.The free-flowing Susitna River is approximately
.-275 miles long from its source in"the Alaska Mountain Range to its point
of discharge into Cook Inlet.The mainstem river and its major tributaries
originate in glaciers and carry a heavy silt load during the ice-free
months,but there"are also many smaller tributaries which are perennially
si It-free.
The constructi on of pow.er dams on the Sus itna River will adverse lyaffect
portions":of the fi sh and wi 1dl i fe resources of the Sus i tna Ri ver Bas in.
The two dam system proposed by the Corps of Engineers (CaE)would inundate
in excess of 50,500 acres of the Susitna River Basin aquatic and terrestrial
habitat upstream of Devil Canyon.Regulation of the mainstemri ver will
substantially alter the natural flow regime downstream.The transmission
line corridor,substations,road corridor,and construction pad sites
may also impact aquatic and terrestrial communities and their habitat.
Historically,the long-and-short-term environmental impacts of hydroelectric
dams have adversely altered the extremely delicate balance of ecosystems
(Keller 1976;Hagan et al 1973).
Background knowledge of the Susitna River Basin is limited.The proposed
hydroelectric development necessitates gaining a thorough knowledge of
its natural characteristics and populations prior to final dam design
approval and construction authorization in order to protect the aquatic .
and terrestrial populations from unnecessary losses.All engi neering,
hydrological,biological,and other project feasibility study activities
conducted by the various governmental and private agencies will also
have to be monitored and regulated to prevent ecological disturbances.
A survey of the fishery resources should cover complete life history
cycles.A 30 month program prior to license application (Phase I),
a1though supplying essential information about the fishery,is inadequate
and should be continued.through supplemental studies in Phase II.The
proposed studies should be conducted for a minimum period of 5 years.
Five species of Pacific salmon (chinook,coho,chum,pink,and sockeye)
inhabit the Susitna River drainage during their freshwater life history
stages.The majority of chinook,coho,chum,and pink salmon production
in Cook Inlet occurs within this drainage.An anadromous smelt,the
eul achon,also uti 1i zes the lower reaches of the river.
Cook Inlet is one of the major anadromous fish producing areas in the
State of Alaska.The commercial catch of salmon reported for Cook Inlet
during the five year period from 1971 to 1975 averaged over a million
fish per year,and represented an average of 7.4 percent of the total
catch for the State of Alaska.In addition to the commercial catch of
-12-
.-
salmon,the recreational fisherery took about 90,000 salmon a year and
the personal-use fishery,an additi ona 1 10,000 salmon per year.Sockeye,
pink,and chum salmon are by far the most important commercial species
in·the area,making up over 90 per cent of the total catch from Cook
Inlet;coho and chinook salmon make up the remainder.Chinook and coho
salmon also are the species most favored by the recreational fishermen.
Grayl ing,rainbow trout,Dolly Varden,burbot,lake trout,and whitefish
are some of the important resident fish species common to this system.
Approximately 50 percent of the statewide sport fishing effort occurs
within the Cook Inlet area.The recreational marine fishery is,however,
very limited with the exception of a popular fishery at the vicinity of
Deep Creek on Cook Inlet.The majority of the anadromous sport fish
harvest occurs as the fish approach their spawning areas.Most,anglers
within the Cook Inlet area show a preference for salmon rather than
resident game ftshwhen both types of fisheries are available.Resident
\populations are fished more heaVily during fall and spring months during the
absence of salmon runs.
Therefore,the proposed Susitna River hydroelectric project will have
various impacts on both the indigenous organisms and the natural conditions
within the aquatic environment.Potential impacts to fish populations
are the most obvious source of concern due to their socioeconomic and
recreational importance to the people of Alaska and the Nation.
STUDY PROPOSALS
Individual study proposals are designed to provide the necessary background
information to enable proper evaluation of impacts.Six general objectives
have been outlined:
1.Determine the relative abundance and distribution of adult
anadromous fish populations within the drainage.
2.Determine the distribution and abundance of selected resident
and juvenile anadromous fish populations.
3.Determine the spatial and seasonal habitat requirements of
anadromous and resident fish species during each stage of '
their life histories.
4.Determine the economic,recreational,social,and aesthetic
values of the existing resident and anadromous fish stocks and
habi tat.
The Department has not developed a specific work plan for
this objective but strongly believes the Acres-American POS
must be strengthened to cover fish and wildlife concerns during
Phase 1.
-13-
5.Determine the impact the Devil Canyon project will have on the
aquatic ecosystems and any required mitigation prior to
construction approval decision.This is the primary objective
of both Phase I and II studi es.Thi s wi 11 be di scussed in
detail in the Phase II work when it is w~itten.
6.Determine a long-term plan of study,if the project is authoriz'ed,
to man;tor the impacts duri ng and after project completion.
Th is is also an obj ecti ve of Phase I!.
Yentna River to the Talkeetna River confluence
Cook Inlet to the Yentna River confluence
Talkeetna River confluence to the Devils Canyon dam site
Devil Canyon dam site to the Tyone River confluence
Proposed transmission line corridor(s),access roads,and
construction pad sites
The study areas are generally categorized within the following 1dcations:
Cook Inlet areaA.
B.
r C.
!D.
E.
F.
Scal ing of the proposed studies with respect to timing,geographic
locations,and intensity has been done with consideration of the resource
knowledge available for each of the geographic locations identified
above.
-
-
-14-
I
I.
,.-
!
Title
Stock Assessment of Adult Anadromous Fish Populations
Objectives
To determine the relative abundance and distribution of the anadromous
fish populations within the Susitna River drainage.
Bp,ckground
The Susitna River salmon stocks are major contributors to the Cook Inlet
area recreational and commercial fisheries.Determining total escapement
into this system is complicated by the glacial conditions of the major
streams and the enormity of the area.Management of the northern Cook
Inlet salmon stocks has been difficult due to the mixed stock commercial
fishery in Cook Inlet and the lack of adequate tools to provide accurate
in-season escapement estimates for the drainage.
The major hydroelectric project impacts on the anadromous fish species
are expected to be due to changes in habitat.Alteration of the normal
flow regimes and the physical and chemical water characteristics will
probably be the most critical impacts.It is difficult at this time to
determine the distance downstream from the proposed dams that changes
will occur.Studies conducted by Townsend (1975)in the Peace River
demonstrate that effects were obserYed 730 miles downstream from the
Bennett Dam.
Basel ine fisheries inventories were conducted by the Alaska Department
of Fish and G.ame in the upper Susitna River during the 1974-1977 field
seasons.Emphasis has been on the inventory of adult and juvenile
sal!J1on stocks and habitat assessment.Ongoing Alaska Department of Fish
and Game research investigations have concentrated on determining salmon
escapement into the Susitna River and the distribution of these escapements.
Emphasis has,however,been primarily on sockeye salmon.Successful tag
and recovery projects were operated in the lower river during 1975 and
1977 and the feasibility of sonar operation was tested in the mainstem
Susitna River approximately 25 miles upstream from Cook Inlet during
1976.Side-scan sonar counters have been utilized to determine escapements
into the river since 1977 and are considered the state...of-the-art equipment
for determining escapements in glacial river systems in Alaska.
Only through total stock assessment will it be possible to determine
what portion of the Susitna River salmon stocks will be affected by the
project and determine the level of mitigative measures which will ultimately
be required.It is essential to know what portion the affected stocks
contribute to the total Susitna River salmon escapement in order to
determine potential changes in fish populations and numbers.An evaluation
of the contribution of the Susitna River salmon runs to the Cook Inlet
fisheries is essential to establishing the importance of the Susitna
River salmon to the economy of the Cook Inlet area as a whole.
-15-
Ideally,since the Pacific salmon are cyclic in years of return,these
studies should continue through at least one complete cycle.Differences
do occur between the different year classes.The results obtained prior
to license application may show,at least,the degree of variation that
might be expected from year-to-year but with wide limits of confidence.
The real danger is,of course,the unpredictable conditions or events
that might occur in any one year.For example,anyone year could be
completely abnormal with respect to weather or other envi ronmenta 1
conditions which influence fish productions and would make interpretation
.-of t,he results very di fficult.The studies outl ined should therefore
continue through Phase II (post-license application).A minimum of five
years would be required to complete the studies.
Study Approach
Adult anadromous fisheries studies will be divided into five major
geog.raphical areas.All studies,however,will be interrelated.The
following outlines baseline studies required for each area and general
work plans.
1.Cook Inlet Area.Contribution of the SusitnaRiver salmon stocks
to the Cook Inlet fisheries -Quantitative separation of stocks
Objectives
The objectives of this study are to:
1.Identify the proportion of the Susitna River salmon stocks
harvested by the commerci al and recreati ona 1 fisheri-es;and
2.Determine quantitatively that portion of the total catch
produced in the Susitna River drainage.
Background
The major area of salmon resource competition is within the Upper Cook
Inlet area,i.e.,that area north of the latitUde of Anchor Point.The
Susitna Ri ver salmon stocks are intermixed with other large salmon
stocks produced from the Kenai Peninsula and west side of Cook Inlet.
All five species of Pacific salmon are harvested in Upper Cook Inlet
The majority of these salmon pass through the area at the same time,
thus creating a mixed species and mixed stock fishery.Any feasibility
study of the Susitna River project will require an assessment of the
contribution of the Susitna River salmon populations to the commercial
and recreational fisheries.
-
Work Plan
Commercial catch data is available through the Alaska Department of Fish
and Game.Final statistical runs are available through 1976 and prel,iminary
-16-
-
.-
I
-
-
-
data is available through the current years harvest.
Identification and separation of the various stocks of salmon will be by
scale pattern analysis and/or electrophoresis.Differences in scale patterns
have already been found to exist in sockeye and coho salmon populations
in Cook Inlet and theSusitna River stocks have been statistically
separated from the other major Cook Inlet stocks.Data is,however,
only available for one age class.Chum and pink salmon stocks have not
successfully been separated on .the basis of scale pattern analysis in
other areas,due to the absence of freshwater growth.Electrophoretic
techniques would be employed for stock identification of these species.
An analysis of length-weight relationships may provide sufficient data
for these two species.
The program requires the regular collection of scales and tissue samples
from the commercial catch and from the major salmon producing areas
(i.e.,known escapement samples).Expansion of the on-going Alaska
Department of Fish and Game Stock Separation Program would provide the
necessary data base for stock assessment of sockeye,coho,and chinook
salmon.Cost estimates and design of this program are based on incorporating
these studies with ADF&G programs.If a separate program is desi gned,
additional funding would be required for sampling crews and laboratory
equipment and analysis.
Sampl ing design would be divided into two major components:collection
of scales and laboratory and computer analysis of scale patterns.
A minimum of 250 scales per species and age class will be obtained
during each fishing period.Known escapement samples would be obtained
from existing research and management programs.Three additional -
cannery sampling crews (2 people each)will be required to obtain scale
samples.Staff time will be required to design a program for chinook
salmon.Existing crews should,however,be adequate to conduct sampling ..
The ADF&G scale laboratory would be used to process samples.A supervisor
and a second shift would be added to the staff to maximize the use of
existing equipment.A digitizing station would have to be added to the
existing microcomputer.Additional computer time would be required.
The feasibility of separating pink and chum salmon stocks by electro-
phoretic techniques probably could be determined after one sampling
season.If this technique is unsuccessful it would be discontinued and
other methods would be evaluated.Analysis could best be done by the
University of A1 aska.A minimum of 1,000 fish samples per fishery
should be obtained for each species.Known escapement samples will also
have to be collected.Three samp1 ing crews would be requi red.
2.Cook Inlet/Susitna river confluence to the Yentna River confluence.
Stock assessment of the adult salmon populations
Objecti ves
The objectives of these studies are to provide:
1.escapement data,by salmon species,into the lower Sus'itna River;
-17-
-
2.pifferentiation of the Susitna and Yentna river stock contribution;
3.timing of the salmon migrations;
4.movements as related to stream flow and water quality;and
5.utilization of the mainstem river for spawning.
Background
Total escapernentinformation for the Susitna River drainage is generally
1acking.Various methods have been uti lized by the Al aska Department of
Fish and Game since 1974.Recent developments in side-scan sonar have
provided the most valuable tool,to date,for evaluating in-season
escapement by species.Emphasis has,however,been on sockeye salmon.
Work Plan
Commercial Fisheries Division of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
currently operates an escapement project in the vicinity of Susitna
Station as a part of their on-going sockeye salmon research program.
Expansion of this program would provide the necessary escapement data
required for the Susitna Hydro-Project baseline studies.Sonar counters
and fishwheelswould be operated from May through mid-October to deter-
mine escapement by species.This would require funding of the existing
project beyond its normal operating dates.Data from this program would
be correlated to the Stock Separation program within Cook Inlet and
additional escapement studies in the upper Susitna River.·
A sonar escapement enumeration program would be required in the lower
Yentna River to differentiate between Yentna and Susitna river produc-
tion.Comparative analysis of the Yentna River escapement data and the
mainstem Susitna River sonar data would be made to determine stock
contribution of each system.Two side-scan sonar counters and two
fishwheels (for species apportionment)would be deployed on the Yentna
Ri ver.
Migrational timing data would be obtained from fishwheel catch data at
the sonar site.
Scale samples will be obtained from the fishwheel catch to provide a
known data base for Cook Inlet stock separation studies.A minimum of
40 samples per day will be required for each species.
Radiotelemetry will be used to locate criti ca 1 salmon habitat and
define major migrational corridors of adult salmon in the Susitna River.
This technique has been used successfully in other glacial river systems
within Alaska,but the feasibility of this technique will have to be
further evaluated for the Susitna River.Conductivity data wi II have to
be compiled from various locations within the drainage,both within the
mainstem river and clearwater tributaries.
-18-
Migrational characteristics may vary greatly for each salmon species and
must therefore be determined for each separately.Data obtained from
these studies may also be useful in the final selection of·proposed
sonar projects and deployment of gear.
Federal law requires obtaining an FCC license for transmitting.License
application approval may require up to one year.
Feasibility studies will include testing of equipment and tags from
major companies.Various companies will be contacted regarding the
possibility of leasing equipment.If radiotelementry is a successful
technique in the Susitna River,equipment will be purchased for the
second field season and the program will be expanded.Emphasis will be
on one species during the testing period.Chinook salmon are suggested
as the first year target species.
Fish will be tagged at the Susitna Station of the "Deshka"site and
tracking will be conducted daily by boat and bi-weekly by aircraft.A
F statistically valid sample size probably will not be attained during the
first year of feasibility studies,but evaluations of equipment will be
made.If deemed feasible,a maximum of 50 fish a season wi 11 be tagged
in subsequent years.
Coordination with and assistance from USF&WS Research Section will be
required throughout the project.
Eulachon,an anadromous smelt,utilize the lower mainstem Susitna and
Yentna rivers for spawning.The extent of utilization of the mainstem
river will be documented and evaluation of the populations will be made.
3.Yentna River confluence to Ta"1 keetna.Stock Assessment of adult
salmon populations
Objectives
The objectives of these stock assessment studies are to determine the:
1.numbers of adult salmon utilizing this area for migration and
spawning;
2.migrational timing of the adult salmon;
3.recreational utilization of these stocks;and
4.movement of salmon as related to stream flow and water quality.
Background
Many of the important recreational use areas occur within this area of
the river.These areas have road access on the east side of the river
-19-
'"'"
and receive high use via aircraft transportation on the west side.All
five species of adult salmon utilize this area for spawning and migration.
Due to the braided nature of the Susitna River in this area many impacts
are expected to be seen due to alterations of stream flow.
Work Plan
Two side-scan sonar projects will be established within this area of the
ri ver.Seasona 1 apportioned counts by species will be compared to the
lower Susitna and Yentna river sonar projects to determine importance of
this area to the entire drainage.Fishwhee1s and possibly other sampling
gear will be used to apporti on sonar counts.
~
One sonar project will be located between the Yentna River confluence
and the Deshka River and a second sonar project will be located in the
vicinity of Sunshine.These programs will provide information on:1)
the importance of this area of the river for spawning;2)the extent to
which this area is used for migration to spawning areas upstream of
Talkeetna;and 3)the contribution of these salmon stocks to the total
Susitna River drainage.A total of 4 side-scan sonar counters and 6
fishwheels will be required.
All salmon captured in the fishwheels at the IIS uns hine site ll will be
marked with a color-and number-coded Peterson disc tag.Marked fish
will be recaptured upstream to provide an assessment of stocks utilizing
this area.
Migrational timing will be determined by fishwheel catches at the sonar
projects and survey crews.
Recreational utilization of these salmon stocks will be determined
partially by on-going ADF&G creel census programs.Expansion of these
programs will be required to adequately monitor all species.The creel-census
programs will also provide data on migrational timing and tag recoveries.
Movement of salmon through this geographic area will be monitored by
remote sensing devices for radio tagged fish.Sonar counters may also
-provide horizontal distribution data for that particular area.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game survey data will be used to determine
chinook salmon escapements into major tributaries.These surveys may
have to be expanded to assure adequate coverage of major tributaries.
4.Ta lkeetna to Dev"j 1 Canyon Dam Si teo Stock assessment of adul t
salmon populations
Objectives
The objectives within this study area are to determine the:
1.abundance of adult salmon;
-20-
-~
2.stock assessment of the Susitna-Chu1itna-Ta1keetna stocks;
3.migrational timing of the salmon stocks;
4.recreational utilization;
5.movement of salmon stocks through this area as related to
stream flow and water quality .
.Background
Population estimates of salmon species utilizing the Susitna River above
the Chulitna River confluence were estimated during the 1974, 1975,and
1977 field seasons based on tagging and subsequent recovery of fish.
These studies indicate a portion of the salmon tagged are not destined
to spawn above the tagging site,but rather below it.The importance
and extent of this milling behavior in the upper river areas requires
definition.The alterations in flow and water quality in the mainstem
river after project completion could significantly affect this behavior
and consequently spawning success.
Observations of spawning areas between the Chulitna and Susitna river
confluence upstream to Portage Creek during fall surveys indicate that a
reduction in flow to proposed post-construction levels would prevent
access to many important spawning areas.
Work Plan
Sa lmon escapement estimates wi 11 be determined by a tag and recovery
program in this area.Fish marked at the "S uns hinesite"will be
recovered by ground survey crews upstream from the Chulitna River
confluence.
Surveys of major spawning areas between Talkeetna and the Devil Canyon
dam site will be conducted in conjunction with juvenile studies to
determine distribution.
Escapement estimates wi 11 be compared to sonar project located in the
lower river,primarily the lISunshine site,"and will provide information
on importance of the upper river for spawning and also contribution of
the Talkeetna and Chulitna river salmon stocks to the entire drainage.
Migrational timing of salmon stocks utilizing this area will be determined
by stream surveys.
Recreational use within this area will be determined by a creel-census
program.
Movement of salmon stocks through this area will be determined by the
radio tagging program.Radio tags may be implanted in adults at the
Sunshine site and movements monitored upstream.Data will be used to
-21-
determine areas where habitat utilization studies should concentrate
(i.e.,stream flow and water quality monitoring).
5.Devil Canyon dam site to the Tyone River confluence.Stock
Assessment of adult salmon populations
,,,,,,,,Objective
To determine if salmon utilize that area of the Susitna River above
Devil Canyon.
Background
Studies conducted during the late 1950's indicate that Cook Inlet
salmon stocks are unable to ascend the Susitna River beyond Devil Canyon,'
the latter being a natural water velocity barrier to migration (U.S.
""'"Department of the Interior,1957).Reports from local residents of
salmon observations above Devil Canyon indicate that this should be
investigated further.
Work Plan
Surveys and escapement sampling will be conducted in the proposed
impoundment areas between the Denali Highway and Devil Canyon during
periods of peak adult salmon abundance.Initial observations will be
conducted by aerial surveys to document the presence or absence of adult
salmon.Surveys will be done in conjunction with resident fish "investigations.
Data obtained wi 11 be util ized to determine necessary mi ti gation measures.
,-
-22-
c--,
Title
Stock Assessment of Adult Resident Fish and Juvenile Resident and Anadromous
Fish Populations
Object~
To determine the relative abundance and distribution of adult and juvenile
resident fish and juvenile anadromous fish populations.
Background
Some resident game fish species make major migrations from lake and
tributary systems into the mainstem Susitna for purposes of overwintering.
The importance of this intra-system migration and the role of the mainstem
Susitna River is not fully understood at this time.Surveys conducted
between 1974 and 1977 document that a high quality sport fishery is
provided by the Susitna River,its tributaries,and nearby lakes.These
intra-system movements and periods of seasonal availability must also be
better understood in terms of dependence upon mainstem hydrologic conditions.
Previous studies have defined important clearwater streams and spring
fed sloughs within the Susitna River drainage which support juvenile
anadromous fish species.Investigations have,however,concentrated
primarily on summer rearing areas.Surveys indicate these populations
are not static,but vary in abundance and distribution.Studies previously
conducted indicate juvenile anadromous species also utilize the mainstem
Susitna Rivet during the critical winter period.
Data collected since 1974 provide only baseline information.Generaliza-
tions may be made,but sufficient information is not available to determine
specific impacts of dam construction and operation on incubating and
rearing anadromous species.
Study Approach
Adult and juvenile resident fisheries studies will be divided into three
major geographical areas.All studies,however ,wi 11 be interrelated.
The following outlines baselines studies required for each area and
general work plans.
1.Cook Inlet/Susitna River confluence to the Talkeetna River
confluence.Stock assessment of the resident and juvenile
anadromous fish populations.
Objectives
The objective of these studies are to:
1.Determine specific occurence and species composition of
resident and juvenile anadromous stocks throughout the year
-23-
within the Susitna River mainstem and within the reaches of
tributary streams regularly influenced by the Susitna River.
of particular importance to this study are the Alexander Creek,
Flat Horn Lake,Deshka River,Willow Creek,Iron Creek,and
Rabideux Creek tributary systems;
2.Define any apparent seasonal changes in occurrence and
relative abundance of resident and juvenile anadromous
species at the confluence of tributary systems and the
Sus itna mai nstem;
Define and describe habitat type utilization by resident and
juvenile anadromous species throughout the year and at
varying hydrologic conditions;
Determine migratory directions and timing of fish species at
Iron Creek;
3.Develop suitable sampling techniques for the collection and
determination of relative abundance of resident and Juvenile
anadromous species in the Susitna mainstem throughout the
year;.-
4
~
5.
,~
6.Survey other tributary systems,particularly Rabideux Creek,
for the purpose of establishing a weir.
-
Background
This reach of the Susitna River encompasses many important fish
producing and recreational fishing tributaries and is an area of critical
environmental concern because of the possible seasonal use and migration
between clearwater tributaries and the Susitna River.Studies of these
seasonal migrations and the distribution of resident and juvenile
anadromous fish in and to habitats in the Susitna River are essential.
The studies would be initiated for selected streams and for a prescribed
distance:upstream throughout the year.Expansion or retirement of these
studies would depend on confirmation for migration and habitat use by resident
and juvenile anadromous fish in the Susitna River.If confi rmati on of
these movements and distribution to the Susitna is positive,the basic
inventory will,in conjunction with the study task on habitat evaluation,
identify specific year to year study locations for ongoing programs required
to determine fishery impacts on the fish popUlations.
While the time frame allotted for accomplishment of these six objectives
is 30 months we feel that these same objectives should remain ongoing
through the termination of the project with appropriate adjustment and
redirection being made as resultant data are analyzed.
Also we see that it is imperative to incorporate the hydrologic studies
as an intregal component in achieving our stated study goals.
-24-
.-
-
Work ,Pl an
The initial year of this study,1980 will be comprised of essentially three
field operations,a summer and winter program on the Susitna River and a
weir established on Iron Creek.
A crew of three biologists,ut'i1izing a riverboat as their primary means of
transportation,will operate in the Susitna mainstem and tributary systems
during the ice free months,May through October.Their responsibilities
will include:
1.Sampling using established techniques and their adaptations
including gill nets,minnow traps,adult traps,angling,
seines,and e1ectrofishing.
2.Developing suitable techniques for sampling the Susitna mainstem.
Particular emphasis will be placed on the design of an effective
stationary fish trap.
3.Classifying in terms of depth,velocity,turbidity,and substrate
types in conjunction with the sampling of resident populations.
It is essential that close cooperation is maintained between
hydrologic and fisheries research.
4.Tag adult resident fish and note species,size,date and
location of capture.
A crew of four biologists will carry out fisheries research during the
winter months.This facit of the field operations will be based on road
aCCess until such time as the mainstem Susitna ice condition has stablized
sufficiently to provide safe transportation via snowmachine.This crew
wi 11 :
1.Survey in the proximity of areas surveyed during the previous
summer using estab1 ished sampl ing techniques such as gi 11 nets
and minnow traps.As ice conditions improve and data is
analyzed this effort will be expanded to include as much of
the study area as possible.
2.Design an effective resident species adult trap for use in
this study area as established sampling techniques meet with
limited success when applied under a cover of ice in the river
environment.
3.Classify habitat in terms of ice cover,depth,velocity turbidity,
and substrate in conjunction with sampling of resident populations.
A weir will be installed on Iron Creek as early in the spring as is
feasible and will operate throughout the ice free months (May-October).
This facility will be operated by a crew of three biologists,who will
be responsible for:
-25-
1.Operation of the Iron Creek weir.The Iron Creek weir will be
designed to capture both adults and juveniles and both immigrants
and emigrants.
2.Conducting a tagging study utilizing adults captured in the
weir.A reward will be offered to encourage the return of
tags and data from the sport fishermen.
3.Utilizing minnow traps,gill nets,seines,and electro shocking
devices,in addition to the weir to sample the resident
population and recovering tagged fish in Iron Creek.
4.Conducting surveys on Rabideux Creek to determine the advis-
ability of installing a weir in there in 1981.
A project leader position assisted by a Tech III is included in this
segment.Responsibilities will include:
1.Organizational functions and oversight of entire Susitna Basin
study.
2.Analysis of data and report preparation.
FollOWing the first season's determination of resident and juvenile
anadromous fish occurrence,areas of greatest availability and suitable
methods of capture,the 1981 program will be directed to largely the
same areas and intensified with respect to relative abundance and preferred
habitat utilization.The 1981 study plan will again consist of three
segments,summer field operations,winter field operations,and a crew
operating the Iron Creek weir and possibly an additional weir facility
located at Rabideux Creek.
A crew of three biologists utilizing a riverboat as their primary means
of transportation will operate in the Susitna mainstem and tributary
systems during the ice free months to:
Confirm previous seasons database with regard to occurrence
and species composition.
Determine relative abundance of resident stocks in predeter-
mined locations by seasonal period and further establish
patterns of intrasystem migration.
Further define preferred habitat parameters.
Continue to tag adult resident fish and note any recaptures
from previous year.
A crew of four biologists will carryon the initial year's study from
January through April.This four man crew wi 11 begin the second field
season in December of 1981 and following the first season's determina-
tions the program will:
l.
~.
2.
""'"
3.
4.
-26-
..-
1.\be expanded to include additional areas;
2.be intensified at one or two predetermined locations;and
3.continue to determine habitat requirements.
The weir facility at Iron Creek will be reinstalled and operated by a
crew of two biologists from May through October.Second year activities
will include:
1.Continuation of first year activities.
2.Recovery of tagged fi sh.
3.Description of Iron Creek habitat util ized by seasonally
present resident fish.
Closely associated with the Iron Creek weir will be a more temporary
weir to be constructed in spring 1981 on Rabideux Creek pending results
of the first years study.This weir and associated tributarial sampling
will be carried out by a crew of two biologists who will be responsible
for:
1.Construction and operation of a temporary weir on Rabideux
Creek.
2.Sampling Rabiduex Creek and that portion of the Susitna mainstem
adjacent to Rabideux Creek,on a regular basis using established
sampling techniques.
3.Conducting a tagging program on resident fish .
A project leader position assisted by a Fishery Tech III will continue
through 1981.Responsibilities will include:
1.Coordination of field activities.
2.Data analysis and report writing.
2.Talkeetna River confluence to Devil Canyon.Stock assessment
of the resident and juvenile anadromous fish populations.
Objectives
The objectives of programs within this study area are to:
1.Determine specific 'occurance and species composition of resident
and anadromous stocks utilizing the mainstem Susitna River and it's
major tributaries;
-27-
--
,~
-
2.refine seasonal changes in occurrence and abundance of resident
and anadromous specis within the mainstem Susitna River and it's
tributaries;
3.Define habitat types utilized by resident anadromous fish species~
seasonally throughout this year,at varying hydrologic conditions,
both within themainstem Susitna River and the major tributaries;and
4.Establish the impacts of flow regulation upon the habitat which
currently meets seasonal requirements of resident and
anadromous fish stocks within the study area.
Background
This study area includes the mainstem Susitna River and a number of
important clearwater tributaries which have indigenous populations of
resident game fish and provide spawning and rearing habitat for anadromous
species.Several of the more important lateral tributaries are Portage
Creek,Indian River,Gold Creek~and Fourth of July Creek.All are
located in the upper reaches of the study area and in the general vicinity
of the railroad crossing at Gold Creek.
Five species of Pacific salmon~chinook,coho,sockeye,pink and chum
are native to this portion of the study area.The most important resident
fish species within this area are Arctic grayling and rainbow trout;
however,burbot,whitefish~Dolly Varden,and various other species are
also present.
While a higher degree of reliability in knowledge of possible flow,
water quality,and stream morphology changes exists in this reach
because of previously collected baseline data,baseline studies on
resident and juvenile anadromous fish must be initiated to better detail
specific occurrence,distribution,and seasonal migration and habitat
use of the Susitna River as well as document the population sizes of
res i dent fi sh.
Work Plan
Due to limited access to much of the Susitna River upstream of Talkeetna,
and related high cost of transportation~work proposed for 1980 is
limited to the Indian River -Portage Creek -Gold Creek area.This
area is accessible by railroad and can be investigated by a single field
crew located in the Gold Creek area.These investigations will be
extended downstream into other areas in the second and third years of
study.
A four man crew will be located in the Gold Creek or Indian River area
housed in a local cabin or tent camp,and provided with a river boat and
Zodiac type raft to conduct the following activities:
1.Establish the occurrence and species composition of resident
and anadromous fish stocks util izing the mainstem Susitna
River during the period May through October of 1980.This
-28-
""'"
....
.-
work will entail intensive netting~electro-shocking~trapping~
or use of set lines or other suitable collection methods
within the mainstem reach from Fourth-of-July Creek upstream
to Portage Creek.Some of these collection devices are expected
to require modification and/or development as the season
progresses.
2.Perform similar sampling by net,electro-shock,trap or
angling withi..n the Indian River,Portage Creek,Gold Creek,
and Fourth-of-July Creek tributaries.A program of fish
tagging will be implemented to define intra-system movement.
3.)Creel census anglers utilizing these four streams to determine
harvest of resident fish by:a)species,b)age class,c)
size,d)seasonal period,and e)area of availability.The
creel census will also help with recovery of tagged fish.
4.Conduct the adult anadromou5 studies in this area in cooperation
with the anadromous program.
Following the first seasons determinations of resident and anadromous
fish occurrence,areas of greates~availability,and suitable methods of
capture,the 1981 program will be directed to largely the same areas and
intensified to include population estimations and preferred habitat
util ization.
A similar two man crew will be located in the Indian River or Gold Creek
area,depending upon which seems more appropriate as a result of the
first year study.The same equipment will be utilized.Study objectives
for 1981 will be as follows:
1.Determine relative abundance of resident and anadromous fish
stocks in Indian River and Portage Creek,at predetermined
locations,by seasonal period,and further define intra-system
movements and migrations.These studies will necessitate an
intensified tag and recovery program to provide instantaneous
population estimates at specific seasonal periods and also
numerous aerial surveys.While the methods with which to
accomplish this work may be more apparent after the first
years efforts,it is at this time considered likely that
trapping devices or a statistically designed angling scheme
may be most appropriate.
2.Conduct similar studies in appropriate sections of the mainstem
river and side channels during spring,summer,and fall.
Techniques for this work segment will be similar to objective
No.l.
3.Define habitat utilization of resident and anadromous species
both within the mainstem and the Gold Creek,Fourth-of-Ju1y
-29-
4.
Creek,Indian River,and Portage Creek tributaries as related
to hydrologic conditions.
Areas of resident and anadromous fish preference will be
surveyed in terns of flow,substrate,turbidity,depth,etc.
to determine if these parameters are responsible for instream
movements and distribution.These data will be correlated
with historical climatological data and mainstem flows.
Particular emphasis will be placed upon this facet during
peri ods when ma i nstem flows approach the ·proposed regu 1ated
flow.
Determine mid-winter occurrence and distribution of resident
and juvenile anadromous fish species both in Indian River and
themainstem Susitna River.
....
As Indian River is the only major accessible upper tributary
stream during mid-w"inter,these studies wi,11 be limited to it.
The mainstem river is characterized as being extremely dangerous
to work in mid-winter due to poor ice conditions.As deemed
possible,netting,trapping,and set lines will be utilized to
determine occurrence and distribution of resident species
during the winter months and to recapture fish tagged earlier
oj n the year.
Winter sampling of both the tributary and mainstem will be
conducted during November and December on a field trip basis,
on a monthly schedule.No permanent camp is contemplated.
It is expected that by the end oft the 1981 field season estimates of the
magnitude of intra-system migrations will be possible,by time;as will
be population estimates of resident fish available at the mouths of the
two tributaries throughout the seasonal period when sport angling
occurs.Population estimates will also be formulated for the two years
runs of salmon.It is further expected that habitat requirements or
needs dictating spring/fall migrations of resident and juvenile anadromous
fish will be definable,as will t,he role played by the mainstem Susitna
Ri ver.
3.Devil Canyon to the Tyone River confluence.Stock assessment
of resident and anadromous fish Populations
Objectives
The objectives in this study area are to:
1.Determine specific occurrence and species composition of fish
stocks utilizing the mainstem Susitna River and it's
major tributaries;
-30-
2.Define seasonal changes in occurrence and abundance of fish
species within the mainstem Susitna River and tributaries;
3•.Define habitat types uti1izedby fish species,seasonally
throughout the year,at varying hydrologic conditions;both
within the mainstem Susitna River and major tributaries;
4.Establish the impacts of inundation upon the aquatic habitat
of the clearwater tributaries,necessary to sustain the indigenous
fish species;and
5.Conduct complete hydrological surveys at the tributary mouths and
at predetermined locations on each tributary.
Background
This area of study includes the more than fifty miles of the mainstem
Susitna River and tributary streams,which will be either totally or
partially inundated by construction of the Devil/Watana Hydroelectric
Complex.
This portion of the Susitna River drainage lies in a truly wilderness
setting,is roadless,is inaccessable except by boat or light aircraft,
and is only moderately utilized by recreational anglers at this time.
Angl ing in thi s reach of the Susitna River system can be termed a
Il qua lityexperience."
This area has obvious identifiable habitat and biological impacts due
to eventual inundation of segments of the clearwater tributaries feeding
the impoundment.Critical habitat needs,as well as recreational fishing
",c'-opportunities,are provided primarily at the mouths of these respective
tributaries.
--Workplan
A three man crew will work in the proposed impoundment area during the ice free
months,utilizing helicopter and light aircraft for transportation throughout
the study area.The study crew will be housed in a temporary!portable
field camp.Investigations will be directed to:
-,
-
~.-
1.Conduct extensive on-the-ground surveys of Goose,Jay,Kosina,
Watana,Deadman,Tsusena,and Fog creeks,and the Oshetna
River.These investigations will include hydrological surveys and
will determine the types of aquatic habitat currently available
to resident species.
2.Determine the types,magnitude of,and location of aquatic
habitats which will be lost upon inundation,by respective
stream.Geographical features blocking upstream migration will
be noted.Conversely,stream areas which will benefit in
terms of improved access to fish stocks,upon impoundment,
will be recorded.
-31-
-
-
,~
3.Extensive netting~trapping~and fish collection will be
conducted to determine the specific occurrence~and composition
of resident species occupying these eight tributarial waters.
As possible~efforts will be directed to determine the extent
of seasonal intra-seasonal migrations.
4.To tag any and all adult fish captured for determination of
intra-system movement and migrations.
Upon completion of the first year's (CY-8l)assessment of aquatic habitats~
and biological distribution of fish species within the impoundment area
tributaries~investigations will be directed to the upland lake areas
and the mainstem Susitna proper.
A two man field crew will again operate with a transportable field camp~
utilizing helicopter and light aircraft for transportation.Investiga-
tions will begin as soon as tlice-out"occurs in the spring and continue
unt i1 freeze up in the fall.
Studies in CY-19Sl will be directed to:
1.Surveys of fish utilizing selected tributarial stream mouths
throughout the season to determine intra-system movements of
resident fish,and their reliance upon the mainstem river
during the critical winter months.Tentative stream selections
are Kosina,Jay~and Watana creeks.
A semi ..permanent camp will be located in the vicinity of these
stream mouths,and the individual streams sampled for fish
occurrence on an established sampling schedule throughout the
season.
2.Conduct surveys of upland lakes associated with mainstem
Susitna River tributary streams for fish population and related
biological data.Habitat information will also be collected
from inlet and outlet streams,and be used later in determining
the impacts to seasonal migrations and biological requirements
of resident fish as a result of impoundment~road construction,
and transmission corridor placement.
3.To determine resident fish occurrence and distribution within
the mainstem Susitna River throughout the spring-summer-fall
periods.This work will be accomplished by the same field
crew utilizing a chartered boat for transportation on a pre-
determined sampling schedule.Nets,trot lines,traps,etc.
wi 11 be used to determi ne fi sh presence.
4.To continue to collect complete hydrological data.
It is anticipated the single two man crew will be capable of performing
all the above tasks.Determination of mainstem fish occurrence and
-32-
~I
-
-
distribution (#3)will be accomplished by two or three scheduled week
long trips through the impoundment area •.
The upland lake surveys will be accomplished during "non-sample"periods
at the tributary mouths.Close coordination will be necessary~as will
helicopter support at frequent intervals.
-33-
Title
Seasonal and Spatial Habitat Study
Objectives
Determine the spatial and seasonal habitat requirements of anadromous
and resident fish species during each stage of their life histories.
Background
The proposed Susitna River hydroelectric project will have various
impacts on the aquatic environment.Habitat studies will not be limited
to the fishery resource alone due to the complex interrelationships
between all biological components of s and within s the aquatic community
and the associated habitat.The majority of the impacts on fish species
will likely result from changes in the natural regimes of the river
rather than direct impacts.on the fish in the vicinity.Primary areas
of concern are modification of seasonal instream flows,increased turbidity
levels during winter months,and variation of thermal and chemical
paramaters.Preliminary studies indicate that alterations of the habitat
may adversely affect the existing fish populations and render portions
of the drainage either nonproductive or unavailable in future years
(ADF&G 1978;1979).
Continuously moving water,or currents is the distinguishing physical
habitat feature of the Susitna River and its tributaries.The Susitna
River and the major rivers entering Knik Arm represent approximately 70-
80%of the total freshwater entering Cook Inlet (Rosenberg 1967).The
flow of water which appears in the Susitna River channel at a given time
constitutes the "instream flow".This flow is closely related to,but
different from,the underflow moving through permeable deposits immediately
underlying the stream channel.The instream flows of the Susitna and
.-its tributaries erode,transport,and deposit sediments and other materials
and can,have profound effects on the surrounding environment as far
downstream as the Cook Inlet Estuary.
A variety of physical parameters interact to create particular aquatic
environnlents in the Susitna River Basin.The most important of these
physical parameters are:flow regime (volume,velocity,and temporal
variation of flows),channel morphology (size,shape,gradient,and
geologic material of channel),water quality (temperature,turbidity,
dissolved gases,etc.),and stream load (bed load,suspended solids,and
other materials,such as watershed inputs,in transport).
The Susitna River and its tributary system are continually working to
establish equilibrium among these parameters.Induced change in anyone
of these factors may initiate readjustment in others.For example
(during the winter months),the controlled flow regimes of the dams may
increase erosion and consequently increase the amount of sediment entering
the downstream river system.The river system becomes overloaded (unable
-34-
,'"'"
-
-
to transport all of the material entering the channel),and begins to
deposit sediments.Over time,this deposition process leads to changes
in channel slope and hence stream velocity.Eventually channel slope
will increase until the velocity of stream flow produces just enough
energy to transport the amount pf material entering the stream,and an
equilibrium will be achieved.
Ana1.ogous chains of events follow any alterations of instream flow.The
altered stream will attempt to establish equilibrium conditions;and
this dynamic process may lead to substantial changes in flow regime,
channel shape,wetted area,substrate characteristics,water quality,
etc.Moreover,these changes will most likely be felt as far downstream
from the dams as Cook Inlet (Bishop 1975).Channel geometry and discharge
patterns in the lower reaches and mouths of tributaries to the Susitna
River will also be altered by the flow regimes of the dams.The Susitna
impoundments wi 11 a1 so resul t in upstream readjustments.The Susi tna
dam reservoirs may,for example,reduce the stability of underlying and
adjacent geologic materials by increasing hydrostatic pore pressure and
lubricating joints and fractures,therefore,initiating tremendous
readjustments in the physical environment (Keller 1976).MouthS and
lower reaches of tributaries in the impoundment area will be inundated.
It is important to remember that the complexity of the physical inter-
actions outlined above is compounded by the fact that natural flows
fluctuate with seasonal and climatic variations.As a 'result,impacts
produced by the dams will stem not only from the amount of flow modifi-
cation but also from the timing of the modification in relationship to
normal seasonal flow fluctuations.Certain periodic high flows (e.g.
bankfull discharge)for example are responsible for maintaining channel
morphology by flushing sediments,transporting bed load,etc.Reduction,
elimination,or rescheduling of these naturally recurring high flows can
have serious consequences on channel characteristics.An increase in
flow can also induce profound changes in the 10tic environment during
naturally occurr'ing 1owfJows ..
The physical conditions and interactions within the Susitna River Basin
discussed above,provide essential habitats for aquatic,riparian,and
other organisms.As a result,any alteration in the physical environment
also affects the associated biological populations.Although our emphasis
is on fisheries,it should be apparent that instream flows exert similar
profound effects on other aquatic organisms,as well as on riparian and
terrestrial wildlife,navigation and other instream flow related uses
(Erickson 1977;Elser et al 1977;Hinz 1977;Newell 1977;Martin 1977;
Klarich et al 1977;Fraser 1975;Judy et a1 1978;American Fisheries
Society et al 1976 a,b);Townsend 1975).
There are three major physical components of the Susitna River system
related to instream flows which determine the productivity of the
associated fisheries (Stalnaker 1979):
1.water quality (e.g.temperatures,dissolved solids,dissolved
gases,sediments,particulate organic matter and nutrients,
etc.);
-35-
2.flow regime (i.e.volume,wetted perimeter,stage,velocity,
and timing of flows);and
3.physical habitat structure (channel form,substrate character-
istics,and riparian vegetation).
Each of these components is intimately related to instream flows.
Instream flow may,therefore,be considered one of the most essential
r-detenni nants of aquati c habi tat and hence fi sheri es producti vi ty.
I
I Modifications of naturally occurring seasonal instream flows will produce
a variety of changes in critical habitat areas such as spawning,incubation,
rearing,overwintering,and passage habitats.Decreased flows in the
spring and summer may for example lead to silt deposition,oxygen reduction
in gravel redds,dewatering of sloughs,and may,result in suffocation
of incubating eggs and pre-emergent fry.Increased flows in the winter
may wash away spawning substrate or destroy sheltering areas.Decreases
and increases in flows which alter stream productivity will modify food
avai 1abil ity in rearing and overwintering habitats.
In addition to modifying essential habitats,alterations to the Susitna
flow regimes may affect the seasonal behavior of fish species.Hynes
(1970)presents the following examples of the important interrelationships
between seasonal flow regimes,fish movement,and human alterations of
10tic environment.
Most fish are stimulated to move by rising water,and when the
movement is to be upstream this enables them to pass over riffles
with greater safety,because the increased width at such points
spreads out the discharge and provides zones of slower water which
are nevertheless deep enough to swim through.
Descending fish,such as smolts •..,are also stimulated to move by
rising water •••Under normal circumstances,descending fish
readily overcome obstacles,and the cushioning of the water prevents
damage at falls,or at any rate at falls which are small enough for
them or their parents to have ascended.But descending fishes
follow the bottom contour.,not the surface!
The complex interrelationship between instream flows and seasonal
behavior of fish species is compounded by the fact that seasonal variations
in flows required by particular species may have to be quite large.
Returning salmon species for example may need 30 -50 percent of the
mean annual flow to ascend the lower and middle reaches of a river
system,and even more flow to ascend the headwaters (Hynes 1970).As a
result,the protection of fisheries resources requires not only that
certain volumes of instream flow be maintained,but also that specific
flows be available at particular times of the year.Tennant (1975)
discusses average percentages of seasonal stream flows required to
maintain particular levels of aquatic resources.The U.S.Fish and
Wildlife Service Instream Flow Group (Bovee 1978;Cooperative Instream
Service Group 1979)has developed sophisticated e1ectivity curves defining
-36-
,...
-
the relationships between instream flows and life history stages of
selected fish species.These curves are continually refined as new data
become available.Recognizing the physical differences between and
individual habitat requirements of various stocks of the same fish
species,the Alaska Department of Fish and Game and Alaska Department of
Natural Resources initiated a pilot instream flow study in 1979 using
field and computer analysis techniques developed by the U.S.Fish and
Wildlife Service Instream Flow Group,John F.Orsborn (1974;,1979),and
the U.S.Geological Survey..
In summary,seasonal fluctuations in the physiochemical composition of
the aquatic habitat are apparently the major factors influencing distribu-
tion of fish within the drainage.Any alterations resulting from the
hydroelectric related project activities which restrict or reduce quality
or quantity of required habitat will also reduce fish populations and
associated members of the aquatic community.
Study ApproaCh
Spatial and seasonal habitat studies will be divided into three major
geographical areas.Sampling upstream of the Susitna-Talkeetna river
confluence will be conducted primarily by fisheries study groups.
Design of sampling programs will be done by the habitat studies supervisor.
These studies will be performed in addition to work proposed by DNR,but
will be done in close cooperation and coordination with that agency and
other tasks performed by consultants as a part of the overall Susitna
Hydro-feasibility study.If the DNR instream flow study (see Attachment I)
is not funded~ADF&G wi 11 need to increase its budget in the amount
that DNR requested in order to perform the required work.It is anticipated
that other agencies such as the USGS and USFWS will also provide support
for these instream flow studies.
The follOWing outlines baseline studies required for each study area:
1.Cook Inlet to the Talkeetna-Susitna river confluence.*Spatial
and seasonal habitat requirements of fish populations.
Objectives
The objectives within this study area are to:
1.define essential seasonal habitat requirements for incubation,
rearing,spawning,and passage of anadromous and resident fish
populations;
2.define the seasonal relationships between flow regimes and
essential physical and biological habitat characteristics;
*Habitat study plans for the estuarine area will be based upon the
fiddings of Phase I studies and initiated in the Phase II biological
studies.
-37-
-
3.define the relationships between the tributary and slough
physiochemical and biological habitats with the mainstem
Susitna River at various flow regimes;
4.develop state-of-the-art capabilities to evaluate habitat
characteristics in this difficult reach of river;and
5.generate data essential for evaluating the effects of
various flow regimes on terrestrial and reparian habitat.
Background
This reach of the Susitna River provides important habitat for rearing~
incubating,spawning,and migrating resident and anadromous fish species.
Unfortunately,its physical characteristics also make it one of the most
difficult to evaluate.Studies of seasonal habitat characteristics will
be coordinated on an annual basis with the life history and distribution
fish studies (both anadromous and resident).
Expansion or termination of these studies will depend upon determination
and confirmation of:
1.The seasonal habitat requirements between various life history
stages of the resident and anadromous fish.
2.The relationship of seasonal habitat to various discharges.
If positive confirmation is provided by the habitat study in conjunction
with other biological studies~specific year to year study locations
should be identified for ongoing programs to determine the effects of
the project on the fish and wildlife resources in this portion of the
basin.
Work Plan
The initial year of this study will be comprised of essentially three
field operations:
.1.mainstem seasonal instream flow measurements;
~,2.tributary seasonal instream flow measurements;and
3.collection of other physiochemical and biological habitat
data.
A crew of two biologists utilizing a customized riverboat as their
primary means of transportation will operate in the mainstem and selected
tributary systems during the ice-free months May through October to:
1.Procure equipment.
2.Establish and refine large river instream flow measurement
techniques.
-38-
....
--
-,...,.~----
3.Co 11 ect i nst ream flow data in terms of depth,ve 1oc ity,wetted.
perimeter,and substrate.
4.Collect water quality data as related to discharge.
It is essential that items 2 and.3 be coordinated with other fishery
related and hydrological studies.
The Alaska Department of Natural Resources has submitted an instream
flow proposal which will generate other required essential data.If
their proposal is rejected the ADF&G will need to increase its budget
requirements by $187,861 the first year and $110,000 each year after
that to collect the data DNR was not funded to collect.
2.Talkeetna River confluence upstream to Devil canyon.Spatial
and seasional Habiat requirements of fish populations
Ice Resident Fish Study Proposal.
\
3.Devil Canyon damsite upstream to the Tyone River confluence.Spatial
and Seasonal habitarequirements of fish populations .
.Ice Resident Fish Study Proposal.
-39-
1 J 1 I -])i ]
GENERAL SAMPLING SCHfpulElI
J J 1 ~J
Species --O-January f February I ~arCh r;~;r(May I June ~y ;August ~September ;~ctober-;Novemb~DeCemIJ:
-~-_.I I ,I ---+-----+---r--P I I ]--/-----
So~e~e
Mi gra tion
Spawning
Incubation
Rearing
Pink
--------~----------~~------~------
------~--------~--------~
---~----~---~-------~---------~----------~---~-----
------.---'---~--------~------~----+---------+----------~---------
----+-I I I I I I I I c-I--I I
I
W
1O
)::-
I
Migration
Spawning
Incubation
Rearing
Chum
Migration
Spawning
Incubation
Rear"ing
--------1-----_-I-----+----....---1------J-....-_....-.....+0----_.......------_-....- - -----...-----.....-..........---_....-----...------"-__
--------I~----------~-------~------~-----~-------r----~-*--------~---_-------+------+----------~---_
--~-------r-~---~--
_Cot:!Q.
Migra!ion l "l l ~J t-----j--------J-----------I--------Spawnlng ....--------------------------------
Incubation -----------~----~------------------.----------------------------------Rearing ---------------------------------------------------------------------I E _
.~j I I I I I I I I I I
Chinook.
----------t---..jMigration.______
Spawning I -----------------------------.----~~~-~~-~~-~-1---------Incub at"ion f'----------------------------------------L~---------~I --JRearing_rn-n--T-n--~--;-__ni,."1,•4
1/I ina",r'ah...a"'ont mont-hI:th;tt o::amnl ino will hp.r.ondlJct~d.
REFERENCES
Alaska Department of Fish and Game.1978.Preliminary environmental
assessment of hydroelectric development on the Susitna River.
Anchorage.172 pp.
.1979.Susitna hydro biological investigations.March.Anchorage.
---:;:::'\21 pp.
American Fisheries Society and American Society of Civil Engineers.1976a.
Instream flow needs.Volume I.(Edited by J.F.Orsborn and C.H.
Allman).America Fisheries Society.Bethesda,Maryland.551 pp.
~,
.1976b.Instream flow needs.Volume II.
----.,...C.H.Allman).American Fisheries Society.
(Edited by J.F.Opsborn and
Bethesda,Maryland.657 pp.
Bishop,D.M.1975.A hydrologic reconnaissance of the Susitna River below
Devils Canyon.A report prepared for Nat.Marine Fish.Servo of NOAA,
Contract no.03-4-208-302.Environaid,Juneau,Alaska.54 pp.
Bovee,K.D.1978.Probability of use criteria for the family salmonidae.
Instream flow information paper no.4.Cooperative Instream Flow Service
Group.FWS/OBS-78/07.Ft.Collins,Colorado.80 pp.
Cooperative Instream Flow Service Group.1979.Incremental Methodology.
(pamphlet).Office of Biological Services.np.
Copeland,M.D.,R.L.Stroup,and R.R.Rucker.1976.Problems in estimating
the fish,wildlife,and recreational value of the Yellowstone River.
Montana State Univ.Bozeman.42 pp.
Dailey,I.E.1976.Research on recreational and management aspects of sport
fishing:an annotated bibliography.Pacific Northwest Forest and Range
Experiment Station.Seattle.56 pp.
Dwyer,J.F.,J.R.Kelly,and M.D.Bowes.1977.Improved procedures for
¥aluation of the contribution of recreation to national economic develop-
ment.Univ.of Ill.Water Resources Center Research Report.(128):1-218.
Elser,A.A.,R.C.McFarland,and Dennis Schwehr.1977.The effect of altered
stream flow on the fish of the Yellowstone and Tongue rivers,Montana.
Technical report no.8.Yellowstone Impact Study.Montana Dept.of
Natural Resources and Conservation.Helena.180 pp.
Erickson,M.L.1977.The effect of altered stream flow on water based
recreation in the Yellowstone River Basin,Montana Yellowstone Impact
Study.Technical Report no.10.Montana Dept.of Natural Resources and
Conservation.Helena.125 pp.
Fraser,J.C.197~.Determining Discharges for Fluvial Resources.California
Dept.of Fish and Game.FAD Fisheries Technical Paper No.143.102 pp.
Freudenburg,W.R.1976.Memorandum to ISPS mapping project on energy and
the social sciences.Social science perspectives on the energy boomtown.
Yale University.July 7.51 pp.
-40-
1978.Toward ending the inattention:a report on the social impacts
and policy implications of energy boomtown developments.Prepared for the
144th national meeting of the American Assoc.for the Advancement of Science.
Washington State Univ.Pullman.Feb.13.39 pp.
Gottschalk,J.A.1977.Wildlife habitat -the lI pr ice1ess"resource base.
Trans.42nd.N.Amer.Wi1d1.and Nat.Res.Conf.Wildlife Management
Inst.Washington,D.C.pp.237-245.
Hagan,R.M.,and E.B.'Roberts.1973.Ecological impacts of water storage and
diversion projects.Environmental quality and water development.
(Edited by Goldman,C.R.,McEvoy III,Games,Richerson,and Peter G.).
W.H.Freeman Co.San Francisco,Cal.
Hinz,T.1977.The effect of altered stream flow on migratory birds of the
Yellowstone River Basin,Montana.Yellowstone Impact Study.Technical
Report no.7.Montana Dept.of Natural Resources and Conservation.
Helena.107 pp.
Horvath,J.C.1974.Economic survey of southeastern wildlife and wildlife
oriented recreation.Trans.39th N.Amer.Wi1d1.and Nat.Res.Conf.
Wi 1d1 ife Management Inst.March 3-April 3.Washington D.C.
Hynes,H.B.N.1970.The ecology of running waters.University of Toronto
Press,Toronto,Canada.555 pp.
Judy,R.D.and J.A.Gore.nd.A predictive model of benthic invertebrate
densities for use in instream flow studies.Cooperative Instream Flow
Service Group.Ft.Collins,Colorado.np.
Keller,E.A.1976.
Columbus,Ohio.
Environmental Geology.
488 pp.
Charles E.Merrill Publishing Co.
Klarich,D.A.and J.Thomas.1977.The effect of altered stream flow on the
water qual ity of the Yellowstone River Bas in,Montana.Yellowstone Impact
Study.Technical Report no.3.Montana Dept.of Natural Resources and
I-Conservation.Helena.393 pp.
Krutilla,J.V.1967.Conservation reconsidered.American Economic Review.
Espt.pp.777-786.
Long,Bill.1978.How much is it worth?Down to Earth.Environmental
Information Center.Helena.March.pp.20,21,30.
Martin,P.R.1977.The effect of altered stream flow on furbearing mammals
of the Yellowstone River Basin,Montana.Yell owstone Impact Study.
Technical Report no.6.Montana Dept.of Natural Resources and Conservation.
Helena.79 pp.
Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation.1977.The economics
of altered stream flow in the Yellowstone River Basin,Montana.Yellowstone
Impact Study.Technical Report no.11.Montana Dept.of Natural Resources
and Conservation.Bl pp.
Morrow,J.E.1979.Personal communication.Georgia S~ate Univ.Atlanta.11 pp .
....
-41-
National Park Service (NPS).1949.The economics of publ ic regul ation:an
economic study of the monetary evaluation of recreation in the national
parks.NPS.Washington,D.C.np.
Newell,R.L.1977.Aquatic invertebrates of the Yellowstone River Basin,
Montana.Yellowstone Impact Study.Technical Report no.5.MontanarDept.of Natural Resources and Conservation.Helena.109 pp.
Orsborn,J.F.1974.Determining stream flows from geomorphic parameters.
Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division.ASCE.Vol.100.
no.IR4.Proc paper 10986.Dec.1974.pp.455-475.
______,and F.D.Deane.1976.Investigation into methods for developing
a physical analysis for evaluating instream flow needs.OWRT project no.
A-084-WASH.OWRT Agreement no.14-31-0001-6050.Allotment period July
1,1975-June 30,1976.Washington State Univ.Pullman.112 pp.
____,and F.1.Watts.1979.Manual for a short course on hydraul ics
and hydrology for fishery biologists.U.S.Dept.of Interior.np.
Rosenberg,D.H q S.C.Burrell,K.V.Matarajan,and D.W.Hook.1967.
Oceanography of Cook Inlet with special reference to the effluent
from the Collier Carbon and Chemical Plant.Institute of Marine
Science.University of Alaska,Fairbanks.Report No.R67-S.80 pp.
Stalnaker,C.B.1979.Instream flow methodologies and water management
uncertainty.Idaho's Water 6(2):1-3.
Tennant"Donald L.1975.Instream flow Regimes for Fish,Wildl ife,Recreation
and Related Environmental Resources.U.S.Fish and Wildl ife Service,711
Central Avenue,Billings,Montana.59102.30 pp.
Townsend,G.H.1975.Impact of the Bennett Dam on the Peace.,.Athabasca
Delta.J.Fish.Res.Board.Canada.32:171-176 pp.
Utah State University..1976.Methodologies for determination of stream resource
flow requirements:an assessment.(Edited by C.B.Stalnaker and
J.L.Arnette).Prepared for U.S.Fish and Wildife Service.Logan,Utah.
199 pp.
White House.1978.~Remarks of the President on water policy.June 6.
Washington,D.C.np.
-42-
r
BUDGETS -SUSITNA HYDRO FISHERIES STUDIES
Administration and SupPQrt
Line 100 -Persona 1 Servi ces
FB IV at C step 12 mm @ 3,873/mo1/
Biometrician III 12 mm @ 4,053/mo
Biometrician II 24 mm @ 3,536/mo
Admin Asst.I 12 mm @ 2,181 /mo
Publications Spec II 12 mm @ 2,841/mo
Clerk Typist III 12 rom @ 1,726/mo
Clerk Typist II 36 mm @ 1,636/mo
f>1aintenance Mechanic II 12mm @ 2,730/mo
Cartographer II @2,187 /mo
Total
line 200 -Travel
Travel and Per Diem
Total
Line 300 -Contractual Servie:es
Office space for 12 mo 3,000 sq ft @
1 .25 sq ft/mo
Warehouse for 12 mo 1,000 sq ft @
.75 sq ft/mo
Maintenance shop for 12 mo 1,000 sq ft @
.75 sq ft/mo
Storage yard for 12 mo 20,000 sq ft @
.50 sq ft/mo
Communications for 12 mo @ 400/mo
Professional services for 12 mo @ 400/mo
Equipment repair for 12 rna @ 100/mo
Freight and transportation for 12 mo @ 200/mo
Air charter
Fi xed wi ng 30 hrs @ l50/hr
Office equipment leases 4 mag card Ills·
and xerox for 12 rna @ 1,500/mo
Vehicle rental 3 vehicles @ 7S0/mo
Total
line 400 -Commodities
Institutional supplies;clothing
Structural materials and supplies
Equipment parts and supplies
Professional and scientific supplies
Office and library supplies @ 500/mo
Other operating supplies @ 100/mo
Total
-43-
CY 80·
46,476.00
48,636.00
42,432.00
26,172.00
34,092.00
20,712.00
58,896.00
32,766.00
310,182.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
45,000.00
9,000.00
9,000.00
120,000.00
4,800.00
4,800.00
1,200.00
2,400.00
4,500.00
18,000.00
9,000.00
227,700.00
500.00
2,000.00
5,000.00
3,000.00
6,000.00
1,200.00
17,700.00
CY 81
46,476.00
48,636.00
42,432.00
26,172.00
34,092.00
20,712.00
58,896.00
32,766.00
13 2123.00
323,305.00
10,000.00
10,000.00
45,000.00
9,000.00
9,000.00
120,000.00
4,800.00
4,800.00
1,200.00
2,400.00
4,500.00
18,000.00
9,000.00
227,700.00
500.00
2,000.00
5,000.00
3,000.00
6,000.00
1,200.00
17,700.00
Jan.82
3,873.00
4,053.00
3,536.00
2,181.00
2,844.00
1,726.00
1,636.00
2,187.00
22,033.00
850.00
850.00
3,750.00
400.00
400.00
200.00
1 ,500.00
750.00
7,000.00
750.00
500.00
100.00
1,350.00
Administration-and Support (cont.)
Line 500 -Equipment
Desks,chairs,file cabinets,21 office units
@ approximately 750 each 15,250.00
Optical and photographic
Twelve 35 rom cameras @ l50/each 1,800.00
Shop plant and industrial equipment 5,000.00
Replacement,lost,damaged or stolen
equipment to cover all project
segments
Total 22,050.00
2,000.00
36,000.00
38,000.00
GRAND TOTAL
+10%CY SlY
+20%CY 82Y
$587,632.00 $616,705.00 $31,233.00
$678,375.00 $37,480.00
....
Jj This position is the Susitna Hydro Fisheries Study Coordinator
2/Percentage increases cover possible state employee wage increases
under new contracts,merit increases,and inflation of costs of other
i terns and services •
-44-
Anadromous Adult -Stock Assessment
Task #1.Cook Inlet Stock Assessment
r~
Scale Pattern Analysis
Line 100 -Personal Services
10.5 mm FT II @ 1,826
21.0 mm FT III @ 2,056
10.5 rrun FB I @ 2,471
Total
Line 200 -Travel
Travel/per diem
Total
Line 300 -Contractual Services
Contractual services (computer time)
Aircraft charter (10 hrs C185 @ 150/hr)
Vehicle rental (3 @ 250/mo and 3,000 miles)
Total
Line 400 -Commodities
Scientific supplies (500/field crew)
Food (312 days @ 40/day)
Gi 11 nets .
Housing (650/mo)
Clothing (200/person)
Total
CY 80
19,173.00
43,176.00
25,946.00
88,295.00
1,000.00
1,000.00
5,000.00
1,500.00
2,040.00
8,540.00
1,500.00
3,120.00
:1,000.00
1,300.00
1,200.00
8,120.00
CY 81
19,173.00
43,176.00
25,946.00
88.295.00
1,000.00
1,000.00
5,000.00
1,500.00
2,040.00
8,540.00
1,500.00
3,120.00
1,300.00
1,200.00
7,120.00
Jan 82
U ne 500 -Eguipment
Digitizer (Omega computer)
Total
Total for Scale Pattern Analysis
.8,200.00
8,200.00
$114,155.00 $104,955.00
0.00
0.00
Task #1.Cook Inlet Stock Separation
Electrophoresis
Line 100-Personal Services
-8 mm FT II @ 1,826
Total
-45-
14,608.00
14,608.00
14·,608.00
14,608.00
,Anadromous Adul t--Stock Assessment (cant.)
Electrophoresis (cant.)CY 80 CY 81 Jan 82
Line 200 ..Travel
Travel/per diem 1,000.00 1 ,000 .•00
Total 1,000.00 1,000.00 0.00
Line 300 ..Contractual Services
Contractual services (graduate student)
,.,..includes all analysis of samples 15,000.00
Aircraft charter (10 hrs C185 @ 150/hr)1,500.00 1,500.00
Vehicle rental (2 @ 250/mo and 2,000 miles)1,360.00 1,360.00
Total 17 ,860.00 2,860.00 0.00,...
Line 400 ".Commodities
Scientific supplies 1,000.00 1,000.00
Food (208 days @ 10/day)2,080.00 2,080.00
Housing (650/mo)1,300.00 1,300.00
Clothing 800.00 800.00
Total 5,180.00 5,180.00 0.00
""'"
Line 500 -Eguipment 0.00 0.00 0.00
~
Total for Electrophoresis 38,648.00 23,648.00 0.00
....
-46-
Anadromous Adult -Stock Assessment
Task #2.Susitna River Mouth to Yentna River
-
Susitna Station (May 15 -October 15)
Line 100 -Personal Services
10 mm FB I @ 2,471
Total
Line 200 -Travel
Travel/per diem
Total
Line 300 -Contractual Services
Aircraft charter (18 hrs C185 @ 150)
Freight (barge charter)~
Repairs of maintenance
Total
Line 400 -Commodities
Food (552 days @ 10/day)
Sci~ntific supplies
Gas and O/B oil (15 barrel s @ 75)
Camp supplies
Clothing
Total
CY 80
24,710.00
24,710.00
200.00
200.00
2,700.00
500.00
1,200.00
4,400.00
5,520.00
300.00
1,125.00
500.00
400.00
7,845.00
CY 81
24,710.00
24,710.00
200.00
200.00
2,700.00
500.00
1,200.00
4,400.00
5,520.00
300.00
1,125.00
300.00
400.00
7,645.00
Jan 82
Line 500 -Equipment
2 side scan sonar counters
2 recorders
Oscilloscope
Total
Total for Susitna Station
Yentna Sonar
Line 100 -Personal Services
78,000.00
600.00
900.00
79,500.00 0.00
$116,655.00 $36,955.00
0.00
0.00
10 mm FB I @ 2,471
10 mm FT II @ 1,826
600 hrs overtime @ 18.25/hr
Total
-47-
24,710.00
18,260.00
10,950.00
53,920.00
24,710.00
18,260.00
10,950.00
53,920.00
Anadromous ~dult -Stock Assessment
Yentna Sonar (cant.)
Line 200 -Travel
Line 300 -Contractual Services
Frei ght (ba rge cha rter)
Aircraft charter (35 hrs @ 150/hr)
Repairs and maintenance
Total
Line 400 -Commodities
Food (616 days @ 10/day)
Camp supplies
Parts
Tools
Gas and O/B oil (45 barrels @ 75)
Scientific supplies
Fishwheels (2 -parts and labor)
Clothing
Total
CY 80
0.00
600.00
5,250.00
1,500.00
7,350.00
6,160.00
1,500.00
1,500.00
500.00
3,375.00
300.00
2,400.00
800.00
16,535.00
CY 81
0.00
600.00
5,250.00
1,500.00
7,350.00
6,160.00
1,000.00
1,500.00
300.00
3,375.00
300.00
500.00
800.00
13,935.00
Jan 82
0.00
Line 500 -Equipment
2 boats
Four 25 hp outboards
2 side scan sonar counters
Generator
Compressor
2 tape recorders (sonar)
Osci 11oscope (sonar)
2 shotguns (bear protection)
SSB radio
Total
Total for Yentna Sonar
Radi otelemetry
Line 100 -Personal Services
4,000.00
2,976.00
78,000.00
350.00
350.00
600.00
900.00
400.00
1,600.00
89,176.00
$166,981.00 $75,205.00
0.00
0.00
I
5 mm FB I @ 2,471
2.5 mm FT II @ 1,826
9 mm FB I @ 2,471
Total
-48-
12,355.00
4,565.00
16,920
12,355.00
4,565.00
22,239.00
39,159.00
$45,502.00 $102,711.00*
Anadromous Adult -Stock Assessment
Radiotelemetry (cont.)
.....Line 200 -Travel
Travel/per diem
Total
!"'"'Line 300 -Contractual Services
Aircraft charter (75/hrs C185 @ 150/hr)
Equipment repair and maintenance
Equipment rental (radio gear)
Total
Line 400 -Commodities
Food (228 days @ 10/day)
Gas and O/B oil (20 barrels @ 75)
Scientific supplies
Miscellaneous equipment
camp equipment
Radio tags
Clothing
Total
Line 500 ~Equipment
Boat
Motors (2 -35 hp)
Radio
Shotgun
Radiotelemetry equipment
Total
Total for Radiotelemetry
*If technique is feasible.
-49-
,.,..
CY 80
1,000.00
1,000.00
11 ,250.00
1,500.00
1,500.00
14,250.00
2,280.00
1,500.00
300.00
500.00
800.00
1,500.00
800.00
7,680.00··
2,500.00
1,752.00
1,200.00
200.00
5,652.00
CY 81
1,500.00
1,500.00
11,250.00
1,500.00
12,750.00
5,050.00
3,000.00
300.00
500.00
1,200.00
5,000.00
1,000.00
16,050.00
2,500.00
1,752.00
29,000.00
33,252.00
Jan 82
0.00
0.00
:Anadromous Adult -...Stock Assessment
Task #3.Yentfla River to Talkeetna
-
....
Deshka Sona r Site
Same as Yentna Sonar
Total
Sunshine Sonar Site
line 100 -Personal Services
10 mm FB I @ 2,471
20 mm FT II @ 1,826
Overtime 1,200 hrs @ 18.25
Total
line 200-Travel
line 300 -Contractual Services
Vehicle rental (250/mo and 2,500 miles)
Repairs and maintenance
Total
Line 400 -Commodities
Food (924 days @ 10/day)
Camp supplies
Parts
Tools
Gas and 0/8 oil (45 barrels @ 75)
Scientific supplies
Fishwhee1s (4 -parts and labor)
Fish tags (10,000)
Clothing
Total
CV 80
166,981.00
24,710.00
36,520.00
21,900.00
83,130.00
0.00
1,700.00
1,500.00
3,200.00
9,240.00
1,500.00
1,500.00
500.00
3,375.00
300.00
4,800.00
7,000.00
1,200.00
29,415.00
CY 81
36,955.00
24,710.00
36,520.00
21,900.00
83,130.00
0.00
1,700.00
1,500.00
3,200.00
9,240.00
1,000.00
1,500.00
300.00
3,375.00
300.00
500.00
7,000.00
1,200.00
24,415.00
Jan 82
0.00
line 500 ...Equipment
2 boats
4 outboards
2 si de scan sonar counters
Generator
Compressor
2 tape recorders
Oscilloscope
2 shotguns
SSB radio
2 boat trailers
Total
Total for Sunshine Sonar Site
-50-
4,000.00
2,976.00
78,000.00
350.00
350.00
600.00
900.00
400.00
1,600.00
3,400.00
92,576.00
$208,321.00 $110,745.00
0.00
0.00
Anadromous Adult -Stock Assessment
Creel Census
Line 100 -Personal Services
CY 80 CY 81 Jan 82
9 nm FT II @ 1,826
Overtime 450 hrs @ 18.25
Total
Line 200 -Travel
16,434.00 16,434.00
8,213.00 8,213.00
24,647.00 24,647.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
Line 300 ..Contractual Services
Vehicles (2 @ 2S0/mo and 2,000 miles)
Total
Line 400 -Commodities
860.00
860.00
860.00
860.00
Food (276 days @ 10/day)
Housing (500/mo)
Gas and o/a oil
Total
Line 500 -Equipment
Total for Creel Census
2,760.00 2,760.00
750.00 750.00
1,000.00 1,000.00
4,510.00 4,510.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
$30,017.00 $30.017.00 0.00
Task #4.Budget is included in juvenile studies.
Task #5.Budget included in resident fisheries studies.
Program Supervisors
Sonar Project Leader FB II @ 2,841/mo 34,092.00 34,092.00
Radiotelemetry Project Leader FB II @ 2,841/mo 34,092.00 34,092.00
Anadromous Fisheries Studies Supervisor
@ 3,246/mo 38,952.00 38,952.00
Total 107,136.00 107,136.00
Grand Total
CY 81 +10%1/
CY 82 +20%-
994,396.00 666,300.00
732,900.00
2,841.00
2,841.00
3,246.00
8,928.00
8,928.00
10,700.00
11 See explanation under Administration and Support
-51-
!pm,
Res;dent.and.Juveni 1e:Anadromous",Fi shery Study
Dev;1 Canyon to [;tone:River'Imooundment
Line-100 -Personal Services
3.Fa r's,@ 2.,.411 x 6'mos:
Total
Line-200'-rr·ave1
Transpcrtati on (train)
Private.;venicle-mile4ge @ .25Im;le·
Per-diem-15 days @ 55
Total
Li "e-300-Contractua 1 Ser'!;cas
Coarnunications-:
Professional Services;
Repairs
Frei ght and transportati on
Air'charter-'
Fhed..wing:@ 150/hr .
He-liccpter-@ 3S0lhr
~vatercraft charterc @ 300/day
Vehicle 1ease@ 200/ma
Miscellaneous
Total
Li os 400 _.Commodi ti as
Clo1:hing
Subs;stance @ IS/day (4,300 days)
Otrtboard..fue Ts !~1.10lga1
camp materia:1 5',.suppl i as,.tents,.
stoves,heater'S,.etc.
Trap and net matarials
Mi see llaneous
T01:al
"
Line 500 -Eouioment
Inflatabl e boat
0 (15'·\iut...oar'\,·rtPl
Radio
-52-
CY 80
44,.478.00
44,478.00
750.00
125.00
825.00
1,.700.00'
200.Oa-
300 ..00
500.00sao.00
3,.000.00
28,.000.00.
1 ,000.00
1,000.00
500.00
35,000.00
7S0.00
4,500.00
55.00
700.00
1 1400.00
500.00
7,9D5.00
2,000.00
1 ,000.00
1 ,500.00
CY 81
44,478.00
44,4-78.00
750~oa
150.00
825.00
1,725.00
200.00
200.00
SOO.OO
200.00
6,000.00
14,.000.00
6,000.00
1 ,000.00
500.00
28,500.00
750.00
4,500.00
ZOO.OO
SOO.OO
1,200.00
1,.000.00
8,150.00
Jan.82,
.-
Res.i dent and.Juveni 1a~1~,nadM)ltIOus~Fi shery Study
Dev'i1 canyon to Tyans>River'Imooundment (cont·.)CY 80 C'f 81 Jan-82
El ectros'hoc!<er-
Guns.(2)
Thermo'graphs-@ 300:each'
00 meter-
Conduct;\Iity meter-
pH.meter
Total
Total for'Devi 1 canY~Jn-to,Tyona:River-
Talkeetna'River 1:0 Devils Canyon'
Line 100 -Per~onai Ser"'ti cas
1 ,ZOO.00
500.00.
3.,600.00
600.00.
6QO.OO
200.00'
11 ,200 .00,a.00·
$lQa~2S3.0a $82,953.00 0.00
~.
3 Fa'['S'@ 2,471 x 5 mas
1 Fa II @ 2,841 x 1Z mas
Total
U ne·200 -,fravel
Transportation (tra'in)
Pro;va tao veh;c1e-mi 1eagec
P~r di em @.55/day
Total
Line 300 -Contractual Services
Cormnunications
Profess;ana 1 sarli css
RepaiM'
Freight ana transportation (train)
Air cnarter
Fixed wing @ 150/hr
He i i coote r @ 3S0/hr
Watercrartcha rter
Cabin rental @ iSO/me
1\1;sea llaneous
Total
Line 4.00 -Commodities
Clothing (boots,',vaders ,etc.)
Gill nets @ 150 each
Seines 2"9 150 each for CY 80
CY 81 includes minnow traps
-53-
44,478.00
34,092.00
78,570.00
1,600.00
300.00
1,100.00
3,000.00
250.00
150.00
750.00
1.,000.00
1 ,350.00
2,800.00
500.00
750.00
SOO.OO
8,OSO.00
1 ,000.00
1,200.00·
300.00
44,478.00
34,092.00
78,570.00
2:,000.00
500.00
1,100.00
3,500".00·
100.00
150.00
1 ,oeo.00
1,100.00
900.00
2,iOO.OO
97S.00
500.00
7,025.00
1 ,200 .00
1,200.00
650.00
-
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fishery Study
Talkeetna River to Devils Canyon (cant.)
Subsistence food @ 15/day
Outboard fuel @ 1.10/ga1
Marine oi1s~lubes~etc.
Building materials
Trap materials,net frames,bouys~etc.
Mi sce 11 aneous
Camp gear,stove,lantern~etc.
Total
Line 500 -.Equipment
Riverboat
Thermographs @ 300 each
DO meter
Conductivity n~ter
pH meter
Outboard motors @ 2,750 each
Jet units @600 each
Rubber raft
Outboard 25 hp
Radio
Snowshoes @ 25 each
Guns 2 @ 250
Snowmachines 2 @ 1,600
Snowmachine sleds (2)
Ice auger
Electroshocker
Total
CY 80
6,000.00
2,200.00
200.00
500.00
500.00
600.00
300.00
12,800.00
2,500.00
6,000.00
600.00
600.00
200.00
5~500.00
1,200.00
3,500.00
1,400.00
1,200.00
300.00
500.00
300.00
1,200.00
25,000.00
CY 81
6,000.00
2,400.00
250.00
500.00
500.00
600.00
13,300.00
1,200.00
3,200.00
150.00
Jan 82
Total for Talkeetna River to Devils
Canyon
Cook Inlet to Talkeetna
-Line 100 -Personal Services
0.00
7 FB I I sfor 43/mos for CY 80
8 FB II.s for 65/mos for CY 81
1 FB III for 12 mas
1 FT III for 4 mas
Total
Line 200 -Travel
110 days per diem @ 55/day for CY 80
220 days per diem @ 55/day for CY 81
Miscellaneous (picKup mileage)
Total
-54-
106,253.00
38~952.00
8,224.00
153,429.00
6,050.00
600.00
6,650.00
160,615.00
38,952.00
8,224.00
207,791.00
12,100.00
1,000.00
13,100.00
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fishery Study
Cook Inlet to Talkeetna
Line 300 -Contractual Services
Air charter @ 150/hr
Vehicle @ 250/mo
Engine repair
Equipment rental
COlTUllunications
Total
Line 400 -Commodities
CY 80
9,600.00
5,250.00
700.00
700.00
~-=70-:=-0..00
16,950.00
CY 81
12,000.00
10,250.00
2,600.00
1,000.00
1,000.00
26,850.00
Jan 82
-
Food @ 15/day
Clothing
Building materials
Camp gear
Net gear
Fuel
Oil
Marine supp1 ies
Snowmachine supplies
Miscellaneous
Total
11,850.00
2,000.00
3,800.00
600.00
4,300.00
4,700.00
650.00
500.00
500.00
3,400.00
32,300.00
19,500.00
2,000.00
2,900.00
4,000.00
7,540.00
1,000.00
500.00
400.00
1,900.00
39,740.00
.....Li ne 500 -Egui pment
Riverboat
75 hp outboard
25 hp outboard
Jet unit
Trailer boat
Radio
Rifle
4 snowmachines
2 trai lers (SM)
2 ice augers
2 chainsaws
Canoe
Backback shocker
Total
Total for Cook Inlet to Talkeetna
Grand Total
CV 81 +10%
-55-
1,600.00
2,700.00
1,200.00
600.00
500.00
1,000.00
300.00
6,400.00
1,000.00
600.00
600.00
600.00
1,200.00
18,300.00
$227,629.00 $287,481.00
$455,332.00 $477,479.00
$525,226.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Resident and Juvenil e,Anadrontous,Fishery Study
j ,
CY Januacr 1982
Une,100-P~rsonal Serv;cas
....
1 Bi 0'II for'1 mo:
1 Si 0 II I for 1 me
2.8;0'r I s:for 1 me
Total
Line-ZOO -Travel
Travel and,per diem:(1 ,000 each)
Total
Li "e·300 -Contractua 1 Sar'!;cas
Conmuni cat;ons'
Printing and professional serl;ces
Equi pment renta 1
Vehicle lease.@.2S0/ma
Total
L i ne400 -Cammodi ti as
Office,supplies
:1iscel1anenus.
Total
Line sao -Equioment',
Total for'CY Janua~J 1982
-56-
2,84-1.ao'
3,246.00
4,942.00
11 ,029.00
2,000.00
2,000.00
250.00
750.00
250.00
2S0.00
1,500.00
500.00
250.00
750.00
O.00'
$15,279.00
-
...,
Spatial and Seasonal Habitat Studies
The Alaska Department of Natural Resources has submitted an instream
flow proposal which is.coordinated with the Alaska Department of Fish
and Game's.sp'atialand seasonal habitat instream flow studies and
.-designed to generate other essential depth and velocity data we require.
If their proposal 1"5 rejected we will need~to increase our budget
requirements by $187,8S1 the first year'and 110,000 each year after that
to collect the data they were not funded to collect.
,.,..
.-
'It should be noted that the-scope of these studies is based upon the
assumption that other essential hydrological data will be generated and
be avai1able on a timely basis.A final detennination as to the adequacy
of the other proposed hydrological and habitat related studies p.repared
by Acres cannot and will not be made until the U.S.Geological Survey
and other resource agencies.also evaluate the entire revised draft
proposa 1 Acres or the Cor?s of Engineers is selected to prepare in
November,1979.
-
....
Cook In let to.Porta.ge.Creek
line iOO-Personal $€rvices
1 FB IiI Step B @ 3.,359.00 for 12 me
1 Hydrologist III Step B @ 3~359 for 12 ma
2 FB "I/lIl s @ 2,841 for 12 mo
3 FB 1'$@ 2,471 (9 mo for CY 80)
Total
Line 200 -Travel
240 days per diem @ 55/day
2 trips to Ft.Collins @ 800 x 2 people
Miscellaneous
Total
-57-
CY 80
40,308.00
40,308.60
68,184.00
66~717.00
215,517.00
13,200.00
3,200.00
16,400.00
CY 81
40,308.00
40,308.00
68,184.00
.88,956.00
237,756.00
13 ,200.00
3,200.00
16,400.00
Jan 82
3,359.00
3,359.00
4,562.00
7,413.00
18,693.00
800.00
800.00
,~
-.
Spatial and Seasonal Habitat Studies
Cook'In 1et to Portage·Creek.(cont".)
L.ine 300 -Contractual Services,
Ai r charter'
15 hrslmo for 7 ma @lSO/hr
Vehicle 12.me @ 2S0/mo
Engine;repair-and maintenance
Equipment rental
Comnunications
USGS,Instream Flow Group
consultation and analysis
Boeing computer analysis
Miscellaneous
Total
Line 400 _.Commodities
Food:CY 80 700 days @ 15/day
CY 81 &82 980 days @ 15/day
Clothing;boots,life jackets,tents,
sleeping bags,etc.
Fuel;20 wks 200gallwK @ 1.25/9a 1
Oi 1,1ube,etc•.
Marine supplies
Mi see 11 aneous
Snowmachine supplies
Total
Line 500 ..EqUipment
~.,.evel 1ietz B-2@1,600each
3 tripods (dome)@ 150 each
urvey stakes .
2 measuring tapes and ho.l<Jers 300 I @ 150 each
Two 35 mm $l.R cameras,(macro lens and
polarized filter)@ 350aach~ectronic surveying equipment":angle
measurements,range measurements,
fi e1d cOll\puter"
,:cjf~s.@ 250 each
5 current meters (AA)@ 350 each
.3 current meters (pygmy)@ 400 each
3 Marsh MeB;rney flow meters,
digital readout @ 1,600 each
11 top setting wading rods @ 200 each
Suspended flow support system
2 boat mounted flow metering systems
@ li600 each
-58-
CY 80
15,750.00
3,000.00
1 ,000.00
300.00
3,600.00
12,000.00
10,000.00
500.00
46,150.00
10,500 ..00
4,500.00
5,000.00
700.00
1,500.00
1,800.00
200.00
24,200.00
4,800.00
450.00
300.00
300.00
700.00
20,500.00
500.00
1,750.00
1,200.00
4,800.00
2,200.00
400.00
CY 81
15,750.00
3,000.00
1,000.00
300.00
3,600.00
18,000.00
25.,000.00
500.00
67,150.00
14,700.00
1 ,000.00
5,000.00
700.00
1,500.00
1,800.00
200.00
24,900.00
Jan 82--
350.00
2,000.00
1 ,000.00
3,300.00
600.00
600.00
Spatial and Seasonal Habitat Studies
Cook Inlet to Portage Creek (cont.)
..Sonar narrow beam system
A"i headsets @ 50 each"~1wo Z-way radio wal kie ta 1ki e @ 1 ,000 each
,2 compasses @ 50 each
Rebar
eJ:'leveling rods @ 150 each
4 cable tagliners 300'@ 150
Tool s for repair
20'Wooldridge boat {capable,of perf'onnarn:e
in Portage area}
13 I Avon riverboat
85 hp (jet foot)
25 hp (kicker)
25 hp (fo~·Avon)
Boat'trai1er ..~..~J field calcu1ato~each
Desk calculator
Office equipment
'5 DO meters @ 600 each
5 conductivity meters @ 600 each
5 pH meters @ 200 each.
15 thermometers@ 25 each
40 thermographs @ 350-each
400 Leu po 1d s,taff gages @ ".00
Total
CY 80
3,000.00
400.00
2,000.00
100.00
100 •.00
600.00
600.00
175.00
4,000.00
1,800.00
3,800.00
1,200.00
1,ZOO.00
2,000.00
Z10.00
100.00
1,300.00
3,000.00
3,000.00
1,000.00
375.00
14,000.00
4,400.00
90,060.00
CY 81 Jan 82
,~
r
Total for Cook Inlet to Portage Creek $392,327.00 $346,206.00 $23,393.00
-59-
",
.'
Spatia]and Seasonal Habitat Studies
Portage Creek.to .Tyone River-
Line 100 -Personal Services
See res;dent".studies
line 200 -Travel
See resident:stud;es'
Line 300 -Contractual Services
Air charter
6 .hrs/mo for"6 mos @ lSO/hr"
HeJ icopter-5/hrs~.for-4·mes @3S0/hr-
Total
Li ne 400 -Commodi ti es
See res;dent stud;es
CY 80
5,400.00
7,000.00
12,400.00
CY 81
5,400.00
7,000.00
12,000.00
Jan 82
-
....
--
•
Line 500 -Eguipment
DO meter
Conductivity meter
pH meter
3 thermometers @ 25 each
Marsh MeB;rney meter
AA meter
Pygmy meter
2 measuring tapes 300'@ 150 each
2 topsetting wading rods @ 200 each
2 headsets@ 50 each
35 mm camera,(macro lens and polarized
fiTter)@ 3S0
25 Leupold staff gages @ 11.00
,Total
Grand Total
CY 81 +10%
CY 82 +20%
-60-
600.00
600.00
200.00
75.00
1,600.00
350.00
400.00
300.00
400.00
100.00
350.00
275.00
5,250.00
$409,977.00 $358,206.00 $23,393.00
35,821.00
4,679.00
$394,027.00 $28,072.00
,.....
.-
WILDLIFE STUDIES
Introduction
The Susttria River drainage contains a diverse array of terrestrial
habitat types which support major concentrations of wildlife.The
variety of species inhabiting this area is probably equal to any other
northern terrestrial system in the world.Much of the area is only
sparsely developed but is relatively accessible to Alaska's major human
population c,enters.As a result this area is among the most popular
wil dl ife use areas providing opportunities for both consumptive and non-
consumptive users.Whi 1e wi ldli fe uses in the area are primarily recreati ona 1,
subsistence and commercial uses are also important.
Development of the Susitna River's hydroelectric potential is likely to
affect many wildlife species.A number of mechanisms of impact are
possible,some direct and obvious and others indirect and subtle.The
primary mechanisms that have been identified _include total loss of
habitat in impoundments,alteration of habitat downstream through vegetation
changes,restriction of movement patterns leading to altered habitat use
patterns,changes in interspecific relationships such as changes in prey
availability to predator populations,and increased accidental mortality
from hazards such as ice shelves and mud flats.
Probable impacts vary from species to species and area to area.In some
cases enough information is presently available to predict that adverse
impacts will occur.An example is the inundation of moose winter range.
In such cases studies are needed to quantify predictions and identify
secondary impacts.In other cases such as those involving alteration of
vegetation downstream,a possibility of significant impacts can be
perceived but too little is known to predict with certainty whether
actual impacts will occur.In these cases it is necessary to both
identify impact mechanisms and quantify them.
Assessment of impacts on wildlife requires more than information on
wildlife populations.Strong supporting data on wildlife habitat and
environmental conditions are needed.Therefore a coordinated multi-
disciplinary approach is required from the outset.The Alaska Department
of Fish and Game will be conducting studies directed at certain large
mammal species.These studies are only pieces of the terrestrial impact
assessment puzzle.Other pieces such as studies of other wildlife,
vegetation,climatology,hydrology socio-economics,etc.,will be produced
by other agencies or firrns.It is essential that a broad study approach
be laid out before studies begin to ensure that the pieces fit together
to form a satisfactory impact assessment .
-61-
--
Title
Moose distribution,movements and habitat use in the vicinity of
proposed impoundments.
Objectives
To identify moose subpopulations using habitat that will be inundated
by proposed impoundments.
To determine the seasonal.distribution,movement patterns,size andel'
trends of those subpopulations.
To determine the timing and degree of dependency of those subpopulations
on habitat to be impacted by the Susitna Hydroelectric Project.
Backgrol.tt1d
Preliminary studies indicated that several looselyde£ined subpopulations
of moose inhabit proposed i.IIlpoundment areas for all or part of the
year.Most moose studied exhibited altitudinal migration patterns,
spending summers at higher elevations often outside of the proposed
impoundment areas and winters at lower elevations often within or
adjacent:to impoundment areas.Therefore the most severe impacts
of the Susitna Hydropower project on moose upstream from Devils
Canyon are expected to result from inundation of and blockage of
migrati.ons to critical winte);'range.Since some moose mgrate to
summer range up to 60 miles from their rinter range,reductions in
the capacity of winter range may result in reduced densities of
moose over a vast area.
The basic approach of this study is to identify the subpopul.ations
of moose using potential impoundment areas and to quantify their
dependence on those areas.For example,wi.nter range of each
subpopulation wil.l be delineated and the proportion of available
TMinter range that rill be last will be estimated •.Factors such as
browse production,quality and availability under varying environmental
conditions will be considered.Since environmental conditions
influencing these factors vary from year to year it will be necessary
to continue these studies for several years.
Both the short ta-~impact on the present moose population and the
longer term loss of potential population size will be estimated by
determing the size and trends of the existing population and assessing
its status in relation to the present capacity and trends of the
range.
The relationship between moose habitat and moose populations is
comple~.It is difficult to quan~ify this relationship and impractical
to attempt to measure all aspects over the entire impact area.
Therefore it will be necessary to conduct intensive studies in only
-62-
portions of the area to estimate the relative capacity of certain
habitat types under certain environmental conditions.These
estimates will then be extrapolated to the entire impact area on
the basis of more extensive moosepop~ation studies and habitat
maps.
Data derived directly froDl the moose will be collected tmder this
subtask while data derived from the lIlOose's habitat will be collected
under Other sUbtasks~particularly 7.12 Plant Ecology.
It is anticipated that by the end of Phase I the basic distribution
and lDOvement patterns·of the 1Da,j or moose subpopulacions will be
known.The present number of moose using the study area will be
es.t:Lmaced.A rough es tilData of the percentage of winter habitat
used during the winter of 1980..~l that n1l be lost should be
possible.In other words il:should be possible to estimate the
overall scope and a range of magnitude of potential impacts.
Studies must be continued through Phase II to determine impacts
under a wider variety of environmental conditions and to test and
refine the estimates made at the end of Phase I.
Procedures
1.
2.
Approximately 60 moose will be radio-collared during the first year
of study.Most of these will be collared in March 1980 when moose
are on winter range and most likely to be in or near proposed
impounciInenc areas.Subsequent col1ar1ng operations will be conduc.ted
as needed to replace collars.and to f111 data gaps.Moose will be
collared from Devils Canyon to the confluence of the Maclaren·and
Susitna Rivers,however it is anticipated that most nll be collared
in the vicinity of the prop~sed Watana impoundment which is expected
to impact more moose than the Devils Canyon iJIlpoundment.Radio-
collared moose will be relocated at least twice a month to delineate
seasonal ranges.More intensive monitoring will be conducted as
needed to determine migration patterns and calving areas and to
delineate critical winter range.Tne specific location,habitat
type,activity,and association with other moose will be recorded
for each relocation.Habitat type w:ill be classified according to
the system that will be used in habitat mapping under subtask 7.12.
Periodic systematic aerial surveys will be made during winter to
further delineate winter ranges and quantify the relative use of
specific areas and habitat types in and OU"t of proposed impoundment
areas.To the extent possible moose will be classified by sex and
age class as an aid in identifying segregation patterns and determining
population trends.
3.Moose numbers will be estimated through quadrat sampling techniques
during late w:inter.
-63-
F""
!
....
.....
4.rae long and short term nutritional status of moose captured for
collaring will be assessed through established techniques using
morphometr~c measur~ents~condition c~assification,blood chemistry
and hair mineral element levels.
Relationship to Other Sub tasks
Procedures for recording and handling data will be coordinated with
those of other wildlife studies to ensure effici.ency in later
impact ana~ysis.
Personnel and logistics will be coordi.nated among ~l big game
studies.In particular wolf and 'N'Olverine tagging will be coordinated
wi th lDOose tagging and when feasible several species wi~l be radio-
tracked on the same flight.
Moose stud:Les will·be clo.sely coordinated with plant ecology studies.
Moose distribution data collected between January and March 1980
will be used to delineate areas for detailed habitat mapping and
for selection of intensive "tegetation study areas.These habitat
ups will be used in the analysis of moose distribution data.It
is anticipated that continual coordination between investigators of
both subtasks will be IDaintained to ensure efficiency of study
design and compatability of data.
Snow conditions strongly influence moose movements and browse
availability.Requirements for .snow data will be determined on the
basis of final project design and selection of detailed·vegetation
study areas.If possible these needs will be coordinated with
those of the hydrologic field data collection program.It may be
necessary to establish additional stations solely on the basis of
moose study needs •
-64-
-
-
Title
Moose distribution,tnO"ements and habitat use downstream from
Devi.ls canyon.
Objectives
To identi.fy moose subpopulations using habi tat that will be altered
by changes in stream flow below Devils Canyon.
To de-cerIllina the seasonal distribution,movement patterns,size a.nd
trends of those subpopulations.
To determine the timing and degree of dependency of those subpopulaeions
on habitat to be impacted by altered flow regjmes of the Susitna
River.
Background
Islands and bars in the Susitna Riv.er are hea~ly used by moose
during winter,part.icularly in years of dee.p snow.A major factor
making these areas attractive to moose appears to'be the maintenance
of vegetation in a subcl1max stage by the existing flow regime of
the river.The mechanism.setting back plant succession in not
known.Periodic flooding may be the dominant factor but other
factors such as siltation,normal channel errosion,ice scouring
and soil moisture may also be important.
Alteration of the Sustina River'flow regime by the Susitna Hydroelectric
Project will probably result in changes in vegetation downstream.
The nature and magnit.ude of these changes are unknown but could be
significant to moose and other species of wildlife.It is possible
that even minor changes in flow such as dampening of extreme flood
levels by a few inches could alter many acres of critical moose
win;er range.Such alterations could influence moose abundance
over a large area.
Because of the many unknowns,assessment of the impact.of the
Susitna Hydroelectric Proj ect on moose populations in the lower
Susitna River drainage will require synthesis of information from
several disciplines including hydrology,geomorphology,plant
ecology and wildli.fe ecology.Under ideal circUIllStances a systematic
progression of studies starting with hydrolo~J and ending with
wildlife ecology should be followed.However,the scheduled time
frame for developing the Sustina Hydroelectric Project is incompatible
with this approach.Therefore it will be necessary ttl conduct a
number of studies s~ultaneously.
The basic approach will be to,identify m.echanisms of impact and
roughly estimate the potential magnitude of impact during Phase I.
If significant impacts are identified the studies will be redesigned
-65-
.....
,....
to produce a more reliable estimate of impact and to provide an
initial assessment of mitigation possibilities.
Studies of the effects of water conditions on moose habitat will be
conducted under Subtask 7.12 Plant Ecology.It is anticipated that.
by the end ofl'hase I these studies will indicate if substantial
changes nll be caused by the predicted post-construction flow
regime.A habitat map,which lNill also be prepared under Subtask 7.12
during Phase I~will provide a basis for preliminary estimates of
acreages that might be altered.IF significant vegetation changes
are indicated by the Phase I studies these estimates will be refined
during Phase II.
The dependenc.yof moose on habitat subject to alteration will be
assessed under this sub task.During Phase I moose wintering areas
on and adjacent to the river will be delineated and the relative
use of various habitat types,pax"ticularly those subj ect to periodic
flooding,will be determine:d.This will provide the basis for a
preliminary estimate of the proportion of winter range that may be
altered~however,this estimate will be valid only for the environmental
conditions existing during the winters of 1979-80 and 1980-81.
Charac.teri~tics of moose use of habitat subject to flooding will be
determined by more intensive study of moose using on.e or more
limited study areas.These study areas will include areas selected
for intensive vegetation studies.Movements of indiVidual moose
':t7ill be monitored to determine·whether habitat subject to flooding
is used transiently by large numbers of moose or more regularly by
smaller numbers.Moose use of specific plots being studied ~der
Subtask 7.12 will be assessed through direct observation and pellet
group coun'ts.
Seasonal ranges of moose wintering on the intensive study area will
be sllperficially delineated to indicate the approximate geographic
scope of any impacts that are identified.
If Phase I studies indicate that the Susitna Hydroelectric Project
will cause significant alteration of habitat downstream and that
alteration of this habitat is likely to result in significant
.changes in moose distribution and numbers,Phase IIstud.:i.es will be
designed to delinea'te moose subpopulations using the entire area of
potential habitat alteration and to predict the impact on each
subpopula tion.
Procedures
The following procedures are for Phase I studies only:
.....
-
1.Existing data on moose distribution and movements adjacent to
the lower Susitna River will be compiled.Sources will include
historic fall sex and age composition counts,records of road
and railroad kills,and incompletely analyzed data on a major
winter die-off that occurred along the river in 1970-71 .
-66-
--
-
-I
2.Periodic systematic aerial surveys will be made during tNinter to
delineate winter ranges and quantify the relative use of specific
areas and habitat types adjacent to the Susitna River.To the
extent possible moose w.ill be classified by sex and age class as an
aid in identifying segregation patterns and determining population
trends.
A limited number of moose (up to 20 during 1980)will be radio-
collared in areas selected for intensive vegetation study (see
subtask 7.12).These moose will be relocated approximately ~eekly
while they are in the Vicinity of the river to determine the pattern
of use of specific habitats.They will be relocated approximately
montblyat other times of year to roughly delineate other seasonal
ranges and ensure continued contact with each attimal.
Pellet group counts will be conducted within the intensive study
areas to provide a quantitative comparison of moose use of specific
habitats that will also be studied under subtask 7.12.
Relationship to Other Subtasks
Procedures for recording and handling data will be coordinated with
those of other wildlife studies to ensure efficiency in later
impact analysis.
Moose studies will be closely coordinated with plant ecology studies.
Moose distribution data collected between January and March 1980
will be used to delineate areas fer detailed habitat mapping and
for selection of intensive vegetation study areas.These habitat
maps will be used in the analysis of moose distribution data.It
is anticipated that continual coordination between investigators of
both subtasks will be maintained to ensure efficiency of study
design and compatability of data.
Sno~conditions strongly influence:moose movements and browse
aVailability.Requirements for snow data trill be determined on the
basis of final project design and selection of detailed vegetation
study areas.If possible these needs will be coordinated with
those of the hydrologic field data collection program.It may be
necessary to establish additional 5ratio11s solely on the basis of
moose study needs.
-67-
-Title
Wolf distribution,abundance,habitat use and prey selection.
Objectives
""'"!
To identify wolf packs occupying areas that will be impacted by the
Susitna Hydroelectric Project.
To delineate the territories of each pack and identify den sites,
rendezvous sites and maj or feeding areas.
To determine the numbers of rNOlves and rates of t'U%'no'Ver for each
pack..
To determine the food habits of each pack.
Back.ground
Recent studies indicate that the Nelchina Basin supports moderate
densities of wolves·.Wolves may be affected by the Susitna Hydroelectric
project if critical portions of a pack's territory are inundated or
if the abundance or condition of prey is altered.
Limited available data indicate that portions of the territories of,
several packs may be inundat.ed.Since aU parts of a pack's territory
may o.ot be equally important to the maintenance of the pack,the
effect of this loss of territory may vary from pack to pack.
Therefore it is necessary to delineate the territories of each pack
and determine the degree anduature of use of areas within proposed
impoundments.
A major factor influencing wolf numbers and distribution is prey
availability.Recent studies in other parts of the'Ne1china Basin
indicate that large ungulates,particularly moose,are the most
important prey of most packs of wolves.Since moose and caribou
tend to be migratory it is possible that the Project will result in
reduced prey availability in the territories of wolf packs many
miles from the i.Inpoundments.
An assessment of the impact of the Project on wolves requires a
knowledge of prey populations.Therefore wolf studies will be
closely coordinated with studies of potential prey species.
Initially studies will be concentrated on wolf packs that are
likely to be directly impacted through loss of territory.If
studies of prey species indicate that prey densities are likely to
be altered in other areas,the wolf study will be expanded to
delineate packs in those areas.
-68-
Procedures
r
!
1.SeveJ:'al members of each wolf pack rill be radio-collared.Each
radio-collared wolf will be relocated at least twice a month.More
frequent relocations will be made when necessary to provide specific
information such as location of dens and rendezvous sites.TeJ:'ritories
will be delineated by plotting relocations on maps.Numbers of
wolves in each pack rill.be monitored continuously by direct
observation of radio-collared wolves and other wolves accompanying
them.
2.
,.,.,
3.
-
4.
Habitat selection will be determ:ined by recording the habitat type
and activity of the wolves fo'!'each sighting made.
Standardized track count censuses will.be conducted after fresh
snowfalls to proVide additional information on wolf distribution
and num.bers and identify packs not radio-collared.
Food habits will be determined by observation of kills located
during radio-tracking flights and analysis of scats collected at
detlS.When possible the age~sex and condition of prey will be
determined.
,-
Relationship to Other Subtasks
Procedures fo'!'recording and hand.ling data will be coordinated with
those of other wildlife studies to ensure efficiency in later
impact analysi.s.
Personnel and logistics will be coordinated among all big game
studies.In particular wolf and T.Jolverine tagging W'ill be coordinated
with moose tagging and when feasible several species will be radio-
tracked on the same flight.
Data from studies of prey~particularly moose and.coribou rill be
used in modification of design ofwol£studies.Studies of both
predators and prey will be closely coordinated so that interactions
bet"'~een species which might influence impacts of the Sustina Hydroelectric
Project can be identified.
-69-
r
.....
Title
Wolverine distribution,abundance,movement patterns and habitat
use.
Objectives
To determine the distribution and abundance of wolverines in the
vicinity of proposed iMpoundments.
To determine movement patterns and home range size of wolverines.
Background
Li ttle is known about Qo1.veriI1e moVeJD.ent patterns and habitat
requirements.A basic understanding of these questions is necessary
before iJn'pacts of the Susitna Hydroelectric Project can be addressed.
For example if wolverines have well defined home ranges and strict
habitat requ:i.rement.s impacts might be quite different than if they
have large and loosely defined home ranges and are able to exploit
a Qide vari.ety of habitat types.
Observations made in the vicinity of the study area indicate that
techniques that Will be employed in the wolf study could be adapted
to provide the necessary basic information on wolverines.
Since very little is known of wolverines at the present time it is
anticipated that only rough est:iJnates of the mechanisms and potential
magnitude of impacts Qill be possible at the end of Phase I.At
that time it may be necessar/to redesign studies to provide a more
reliable basis for assessment of impact.
Procedures
1.The distribution and abundance of wolverines will be assessed
through track counts and direct observations made during wolf
census surveys.
2.
3.
Wolverine (up to 10 in 1980)will be radio-collared and relocated
approximately twice per month to determine movement patterns and
home range.
Habitat selection will be determined by recording habitat type and
activity for each sighting made.
I"""
!
....
Relationship to Other Subtasks
Procedures for recording and handling data will be coordinated ~th
those of other wildlife studies to ensure efficiency in later
impact a!lB.lysis.
-70-
-
Personnel and logistics will be coordinated among all big game
studies.In particular wolf and wolverine tagging will be coordinated.
with moose taggug and when feasible several species will be radio-
tracked on the same flight.
Personnel f1."01l1 the University of Alaska are expected to have opportunities
to collect additional infonIation on wolverines in the course of
studies directed at other furbearers.All aspects o.f both studies
will be coordinated to maximize data collection with a mini.mum of
dupl1cation of effort.
-71-
~
!
Title
Bear distribution9 movements 9 ·abundance and habitat use.
Obj ectives.
To determine the distribution and abundance of black and brown/grizzly
bears in the Vicinity of proposed impoundment areas.
To determine seasonal ra.nges,including denning areas,and movement
patterns of bears.
To determine seasonal habitat use of black and brown/grizzly bears.
Much of the Nelchina Basin is known to support high densities
of brown/grizzly bears.Black bears are bel~eved to be less abundant
and less widely distributed.The main mechanism of impact affecting
bears is likely to be direct loss of habitat particularly seasonally
important feeding areas or denning areas.Some bears may be indirectly
affected through reduction in ungulate densities in areas outside
of proposed impolmdments as moose and perhaps caribou constitute a
major portion of bears'diet during summer in adjacent areas.
Shorter term impacts will result from bear-human conflicts which
are likely to occur when field facilities are established for the
Susitna study program and subsequent dam construction if the project
is approved.
Studies in other parts of Alaska indicate that bears have specific
habitat and food preferences •.These preferences often vary seasonally
in a manner that suggests very specific seasonal habitat requirements.
While both species of·bear sometimes occur in close proximity,
their habitat requirements are probably different.Therefore the
impact of inundation of bear habitat may not be in direct proportion
to the n~ber of acres lost and the impact on one species of bear
may be quite different from that on the other.
Procedures
1.Adult bears will be radio-collared in and adjacent to the proposed
impoundment areas.ApproxiJuately 35 bears rill be collared the
first year.Incidentally caught bears too small to be radio-
collared will be marked with visual.tags.Black bears and brown/grizzly
bears will be marked in the apprOximate proportion of their occurrence
in the area.At this time it is not known if significant members
of black bears will be found.
2.Radio-collared bears will be relocated periodically throughout
their act~ve period to delineate seasonal ranges and determine
movement patterns.The den location for each radio-collared bear
will be recorded each year.
-72-
4.Information on seasonal food habits rill be gathered through observations
of bear feeding and to the extent possible through scat analysis.
.....
3.All observat~ons of both marked and unmarked bears will be recorded.
For each sighting the location,habitat type,activity and associat~on
with other animals will be recorded •
.-
Relationship to Otb.er Subtas!ts
Procedures for recording and handling data will be coordinated with
those of other wildlife studies to ensure efficiency in later
impact analysis.
Personnel and logis ticswiU be coordinated among all big game
studies.When feasible several sllecies will be radio-tracked on
the same flight •
-73-
.....
I
.....
i
Title
Caribou herd identity,migration pat~erns and habitat use.
Objectives
To delineate calving areas.
To determine the numbers and sex and age composition of caribou
occupying habitats on bo-ch sides of proposed impoundments at different
seasons.
To determine mi.gration routes and r:he timing of major movements in
the vicintty of proposed impoundments.
Background
The distribut.ion and movement patterns of the Nelchina caribou herd
were extensively studied during the 1950'sand 1960's.At that
tae large num.bers of caribou regularly crossed proposed impo'UI1dment
areas during migrations between seasonal ranges,particularly on
their migration from calVing areas south of the Susitna River to
summer range north of the river and subsequent fall migrations to
the eas t.Early assessments of the impact of various Susi t02
hydroelectric proposals suggested that impoundments could block
migrations and isolate caribou from portions of their traditional
range.
A number of major changes have occurred during the last decade
which limit the value of data collected prior to 1970.The herd
suffered a major decline in the early 1970's dropping from an
estimated peak of over 70,000 to less than 10,000.The herd is
currently increasing andestiXDatedto number 20,000.Current
management plans call for stabilizing the herd at the present
level.Movement patterns appear to have become quite variable from
year to year.While movements across proposed impoundment areas
still occur it is not clear whether they are as significant to the
population as they were thought to be in past years.
Location of calving areas is believed to be the most consistent
characteristic of caribou distribution and movement patterns.The
traditional concept of a herd assumes a well defined common calving
area.Tne Nelchina herd still uses its traditional calving area
south of the Susitna River,however,in the last few years there
have been indications of significant numbers of caribou north of
the river during the calving period.These caribou may represent a
subherd with all sex and age classes represented or they may be
segments of the main herd that are not inVolved in calving.
If a new subherd exists the "needl1 to migrate across the proposed
impoundment areas may be reduced.But if different sex and age
classes are on opposite sides of the river at that time of year the
need to migrate would be great.
-74-
.-
F-
I
.-
It is not likely that caribou W'otJld be com~letely excluded from any
part of their range other than those areas that are inundated.
However~even a partial barrier to movements could result in reduced
use of portions 0·£the present range and increased use of other
portions •.If the desire to migrate along routes blocked by impoundments
is strong,caribou may attempt to cross impoundments.Potential
hazards such as ice shelves and mud flats could increase mortality
rates among caribou attempting to cross.
Unfortunately there is no way to predict with confidence the reaction
of caribou to impoundments.The caribou :impact assessment will
necessarily be illore subj ective than those for other big game species.
The .approach of this study is to describe the e.~isting patterns of
cariboudistribution~movements and habitat use.This should
prOVide a basis for estimating the importance of specific migration
routes to the present population and for determining the availability
of alternative migration routes.
Procedures
1.Aerial surveys will be made to delineate distribution of caribou on
both sides of proposed impoundments and to determine if calving is
occurring north of the Susitna River.
-I
2.Post-calving concentrations on both sides of the river will be
censused by commonly used photo extrapolation techniques to determine
the proportion of the herd occupying habitat north of the river.
3.Sex and age composition counts will be made in spring and fa.ll as
part of the census procedure.These counts will also indicate if
the Sexes and ages caribou using habitat on one side of the river
are different ~rom those using habitat on the other side.
4.Caribou (up to 40 in 1980)on both sides of the river will be
radio-collared.Collars will be placed on animals in different
groups of caribou scattered throughout the herd.The frequency of
relocation of radio-collared caribou ~ill vary depending on the
location and activity of the caribou.Relatively loW'levels of
monitoring 'Will be maintained when caribou are away.from the iJ:npoundment
areas or are sedentary to provide basic information.on seasonal
ranges and habitat use and to ensure continued contact with collared
individuals.The frequency of monitoring will be increased when
caribou are close to impoundment areas,particularly during migrations.
5.Habitat type will be recorded for all caribou signtings.
RelationshiD to Other Subt:;asks
Procedures ror recording and handling data will be coordinated 'With
those of other wildlife studies to ensure efficiency in later
impact analysis.
-75-
Personnel and logistics rill be coordinated aJIlOng all big game
studies.In particular individuals working on other species will
record caribou observatons and periociically sca.n radio frequencies
in the vicinity of impoundments to assist in identifying periods
when intensive caribou lIlOnitoring is needeed.
-76-
I""",
-
Title
Distribution and abundance of Dall sheep.
Objectives
To determine the distribution and abundance of Dall sheep adjacent
to proposed impoundments.
Backsround
Relati1fely isolated groups of Dall sheep inhabit mountainous areas
on bOth sides of the proposed W'atana im:poundl:nent ~At the present
time it is not be.lieved that sheep regularly use habitat that rill
be inundated or that they regularly migrate through areas which
will be inundated.It is possible that the tV'ataua.impoundment
might further isolate ~oupsnorth of the ri.ver from larger adjacent
populations south of the river reducing possibility of repopulation
should these groups decline in the future.
The main concern is the effect of disturbance during construction
of hydroelectric generation and transm:i.ssion facilities.It may be
possible to zone construction activities in both time and space to
minimize this disturbance.The purpose of this study is to provide
a basis for decisions on such zoning.
Procedures
Aerial surveys will be made to delineate seasonal rang~s including
rutting and lambing areas.
Relationshio to Other Subtasks
Since the scope of this study is limited,only minor coordination
of personnel and logistics will be necessary.
-77-
J J 1 I ~=_);GL.JSTU~~...~-~.JSE ~J
(all costa in 1000 ~1980 dollars)
J ]]j J _.1.,
Adminstration and Support
100 Salaries and Benefits
Job Class ,Rate/month '"
1980
Man MOiiths/Cost
1981
Man Months/Cost
1982
Man Months/Cost
Game Biologist IV
Biometrician II
Programmer III
Administrative A8sist~nt t
Cle!-"ltIYEis t III _
Total:
200 Travel
300 Contractual Services
Total:(rounded to nearest $1000)
4442
3475
3035
2386
1726
6 26.7 6 26.7
6 20.9 6 20.9
3 ,9.1 6 18.2
2 4.8 2 4.8
9 15.5 12 20.7
77.f)91.3
4.0 4.0
6.0 6.0
87.0 101.0
1
1
4.4
1.7
6.1
6.0
I
"'-lco
I
Dig Game Studies
100 Salaries and Benefits
1980 1981 1982
Job Class 'Rate/month *Man Mont'hs/Cost Man Montl"ls/Cost '.Man Monti;ls/Cost
Game Biologist ill 3773 40 150.9 40 150.9,4 15.1
Game Biologist I 2841 24 68.2 20 56.8
Fish and Game Technician III 2163,16 34.6 10 21.6
1'0 tal:253.7 229.3 16.8
*Rates are averaged where several positions with different merit step levels or area diferentials are involved.
200 Travel
lOO Contractual
400 Commodities
500 Eq~!p~en~.
Total:(rounded to nearest $1000)
Combined Administrative and Support and Big Game Studies TOTAL:
21 14
254 222
62 29
14 2-605 496 17
692 597 23
,I
r'~
BUDGET SUMMARY AQUATIC AND WILDLIFE
STUDIES AND SUPPORT .PHASE I
(All costs in 1980 dollars)
605.0 496.0
Study Task
1.Administration and Support
Aquatic Studies
11.Anadromous Adul t Fi shery Stud i es
III.Resident and Juvenile Anadromous
Fishery Studies
IV.Spatial and Seasonal Habitat Studies
V.Administration &Support
Wildlife Studies
VI.Wildlife Studies
80
588.0
994.0
455.0
410.0
87.0
Year
81
617.0
666.0
477.0
358.0
101.0
Jan.82
31.0
9.0
15.0
23.0
6.0
17.0
VII.Susitna Hydro Coordinator
(including support)
TOTAL:Rounded to the nearest $1,000
-79-
75.0 75.0
3,214.0 2,790.0
6.0
107.0
i j j J J 1 ]1 1 ]]1 j 1 ])
"
1
AOF&G Fisheries Divisions AOF&G Game .Dlvision
,",''''~~, R••t"'r Offl,.
Sus Hila Hydropower
fisheries and Wiidlffe St.udy Team
AUF&G lIahttat Protection Section
IIp.yional Of(1cp.
I ----1 '
Icoo
J
r--
AnadrOlJl0lJS /\dult
stock IIssessment
P,'oject leader
fO III
IInadromous Studies
Staff
IIquatlc Studies Coordinator
FO IV
Resident and Juvenile
IInadromous Studies
Starr
Resident and duvenlle
Anadromolis Study
rro.lcct le'lder
Fp III
Wildlife Studies Coordinator
GO IV
I
Spatial and Seasonal
Habitat Studies
Staff
I
Spath-I and Seasonal Habftat
Project Leader
FO III
"roject leader
Upstreanl hloose,wol f,wolverine
GOI
I
-1
1',"oJer.t loader
IMwns tream hloose
00 III
I
Susitna I'ydro Cuordlnator
liD IV-r-
lI~blt.1t ProtecUon
-Supt'ort Stllff
Project le.lder
Bear
Gil III
Project le4der
Carillou and shcl!p
GO IU
UpSt.reani ,,'oose study slart Illlwnstrllaill Illoose study staff Dear study staff
I J 1 J J
/llli toli f 15hl!r'll!~II Iv,5 lOlls
'j 11,'11 OJ '~J
I
~(IUiJt It:S~IlJles '-ciJder'
fO IV
1 1 j j
tledcat .ud
1 __.__.._.__•I\'hul.,1 ~tr'i1t I VI!
SIINII)r~
Tedlllical
5111'I'Ul·t
I Millin.As~~.I
I n PI
t I'ub.St'lle.II
1 c:r "
I 0 IOOltltdd all "I
2 Ulolllotdclau It
I Malntonilnce ;lI!ch."
1 Cnto\Wclphllr II
..........~.-...._.-.~~._._-_.----.._----_......._-_._-_.._._--_..._-_._-_._~._--_._------...._----_..-_.......-_._-_._.__.-------:.--.-.-.--"-_.'----_._-------~.__.---_.._-')
r-----·--·-----------:--
I
00
--'
/I"adl'lUtlllU5 /I<I'Jll
1"'UjtIL I.I (Jailor'..f11 111
.cook lulet 1.0 lalkeelna
6 '.Ii I (1.980)7 fO I (l91H)
Res Ident illld Juvlln I 11:
AnadrolllollS PruJect I.eaderfnIII
--Fr fll
hlkcetoll to Uevlh l:dnyun
:1 fB •
"1
Oevlh Canyon to 'yune IlIvlJr
:1 ro I
SI1iltiat alld SeaWllili
lIabltal I'rllJllcl 1.llader
ID II J
_.lIyllr.,log.lsl III
----------\-------
,,,1,'...1,,,,n ..",-",~",,,--~l
10 I liraduille Slude"t Sl.lle"Assess,"ellt
I
llil.llotelelQlltry
roll,
2 fit •
I n II
(111'1<.Inlet
",~Cullec lion
I'll I,
Ii F'"5 f1111 61'1'11
r--''''---'-'-·'------'---1
SOIlar'•fclU9'nli
l:re!!l CensU$
fO JI
r"--'--~----'---I
2 fit IIII
)HI I
r:(I0~Inlel lo Yimlna
~Fo I
'I n II
Yl!lltna to talkeetna
.,18 I
12 fT II
J )1 J j )~---,
WildUfe Studie$Coordinator
G8 IV
I
CXl
N
I
E Prpject leader
Upstream moose,wQlf,wolverine
GO III
~-.---'f:-Pnljeet leader
Oownstream moose.
GO III
~.
AdminIstratIon and
-----"'------1.Support Staff
Projel;t leader
Bear
GO III
,..-
fiiT",..-.-/l~lIIr""'"
Biometrician In.ProgranJiler J11
Admi",.Asst.}
.Clerk TYVist II.}
~-----
+L_.gProjectleMler
caribOu.and.SheeP.G8 1lI---_.._------
/'
.-/
/~
Attachment I
JAr .t IIAMIIOIIII,IIWlIIIO'I'I
/
/.
j
LAND AND W4 TER MANAGEMENT ;313 £4TH AVENUE -AllCHIJU«."
((=0 r?
Ij I!UI:J~
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURf;ES
October 26,1979
Mr.Eric Yould
Executive Director
Alaska Power Author1.ty
333 W.Fourth Avenue
Anchorage,Alaska 99501
Dear Mr.Yould:
Enclosed is a proposal for evaluation.of stream flow manipulation effects
downstream of the Devil's Canyon dam site as part of the.Susitna Dam
feasibility studies.During preparation of this proposal our staff
coordinated closely with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game so.that
this proposal and their .proposal for spatial and seasonaVhabitat
studies would maximize joint use of field personnel,equipment,and
transportation to eliminate any duplication and redundancy.
<
The Alaska Department of Natural Resources has major management and
regulatory responsibilities under,AS 46.15 (the Alaska Water:Use Act)
and AS 38.05 (Alaska Land Use Act)•The Department will have to process
applications for water rights and construction permits prior.to the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission licensing process~In the process
of acting upon such applications the Department is directed by AS 46.15.080,
to consider the following relevant items:.
L the benefit to theypplicant resulting from the proposed
appropriation
Z•.the effect of economic activity resu1tingfromthe-proposed
appropriation
3.the effect on fish and game resources and public recreational
opportunities
4.the effect of loss of alternate uses of water that might be
made within a reasonable time if not precluded or hindered by
the proposed appropriation
5.the effect upon access to navigable or public waters
The commissioner is authorized by AS 46.15.100 to issue a
permit subject to'terms,conditions,restrictions or limitations
necessary to protect the rights of others and the public interest.
In addition to the statutory directives listed above,my division is
charged with conducting the state land disposal program.We presently
have 117,399 acres of land west of the Susitna River and south of
1o.J4l..H
"""
-
....
Trapper's Creek classified 'for disposal.During this fiscal year alone
We will be selling 31,375 net acres.With the price of gold rising,we
also expect additional activity in the area,particularly in the Kahiltna
drainage.The only means of access is by aircraft,snowmachine,or
riverboat via the lower Susitna River with major access points from
Talkeetna and from Willow via the Little Susitna River.
We understand that the preliminary plan of study submitted by Acres
American suggests terminating the downstream study boundary at Tal-
keetna.Examination of existing hydrological records and project show
that approximately 43%of the average flow in the Susitnanaain stem near
Talkeetna will be subject to.manipulation by the power.project.Given
this situation we cannot adequately address concerns that will arise
over navigation and fisheries downstream from Talkeetna to salt water
without studies being conducted on this reach of the river.By including
these essential issues in the scope of APA funded investigations,management
agencies·and the public will have the necessary information to objectively
consider tradeoffs between downstream resource uses and'optimum operation
of the dam and reservoir for power generation.
We would prefer the opportunity to review Acres revised plan of study in
comparision to the Corps of Engineers year old plan of study prior to
APA's final selection decision.Given the timeframefor APA's decision
process it appears this will not be possible.Therefore by copy of this
letter I am fo~rding the attached'proposal to Acres for their con-
sideration for inclusion into their POSe
Should Acres and APA desire to use the Department of Natural Re'sources
or Fish and Game as a subcontractor in this effort I suggest that any
authorization of funds to DNR be executed by a Reimbursable Service
Agreement (RSA)with payments subject to approval by Acres as the study
manager.The reason for this is to avoid delays in aecepting and receiving
authorization to expend funds from non-state sources which requires
conduct of the Revised Program (RP)process.Work under an RSA between
state agencies could connnence.wfthin amonthwhereas·the RP process
could take up to three months.
While we feel that state agencies could adequately conduct elements of
the feasibility study in a compatible time frame forFERC licensing
submission,the basic concern is that work be done which enables appro-
priate management .agencies to execute their responsibilities in a timely
manner for all concerned.Should a private subcontractor be selected
for all elements of the study,I suggest that APA consider retention of
certain scientific and durable equipment (flow recorders,meters,
boatst etc.)that may be purchased for the project.Your agency will
undoubtably be conducting such studies across the state for a number of
years,whereas outside contractors mayor may not be working in the
state in future years.Such an arrangement could reduce outlays for
future studies by prOViding a pool of certain necessary equipment instate.
,'--.-;.;
"',,,
I hope this information is helpful.Please do not hesitate to contact
me or my staff if you have any questions.We look forward to continued
involvement in this project...
,.
.,---',--"
....::.
..,.,.,......
...
'::'.
..;,'-'.
"'.--!•<j,•• ;...-"
John Lawrence,Acres American .
Jeff Haynes~Deputy Commissioner,DNa Tom Trent,ADF&G
Charles Bahlke,Chairman,Alaska Power Authority ,
Brent Petrie,~.
Bill Lem.g,DGGS '.
Sincerely,
..~....~.
..
cc:
·Theodore G.Smith,Director
Division of Forest,Land and Water Management
,.:',c.~•
~.
~
i
.-
~.._'--
.-Ii""'-_-__...--...---.__-..._.
Ii5,,'..)407 :
--~.-..,...._-.
_Iio.~.;.:..._.:.)._~.._."'-...."•.;..·.4.··:.......··
TASK:Assessment of Instream Flow Requirements for the Susitr
(In cooperation with ADF&G Spatial and Seasonal Habitat.
BACKGROUND:
Increased water demands and significant changes in flow regimes sometim~
result in conflicts over water use.A major concern of many resource
agencies is the conflict between out-of-streamuses of water or flow
regime changes and the needs of fish and wildlife,navigation,recreation
and other instream flow uses.DNR,in conjunction with ADF&G,USFWS,
USGS,ADEC,ADOTPF,and the U.S.Water Resources Council,is presently
pursuing an instream flow program for the State of Alaska.The program
is patterned after the procedures developed by the Cooperative Instream
Flow Service Group,Department of the Interior,U.S.Fish and Wildlife
Service,located at Fort Collins,Colorado.
Work has initially begun during this past summer by ADF&G,DNR,and
other interested agencies to obtain field data from Willow and Deception
Creeks in the Susitna Basin and analysis of this data is currently
underway.Additional funding for ADF&G and DNR to pursue the Willow
and Deception Creeks study has recently been authorized by the U.S.
Water Resources Council.Data produced as a result of this federal
grant will augment the instream flow work performed as part of the
Susitna Dam feasibility study.
PARTICIPATION:
This study will be performed in addition to work proposed by ADF&G,
but will be done in close cooperation and coordination with that
agency and other tasks performed by consultants as part of the overall
Susitna Dam feasibility study.If the ADF&G instream flow study as
part of their Spatial and Seasonal Habitat Studies is not funded,DNR
will need to increase this budget in the amount that ADF&G was not
budgeted,in order to perform the necessary work.It is anticipated
that other agencies such as USFWS and USGS will participate in these
instream flow studies,particularly the USFWS during data processing
and analysis.
TASK OBJECTIVES:
This study will extend the field methods in use in the Willow and
Deception Creek basins to serve as a tool to assess the effects of
different flow regimes on aquatic and riparian habitat in the Susitna
River.The study will provide data to the Alaska Power Authority
(APA)on which decisions may be made regarding dam location,
design,and operation through the following objectives.
A.The study will provide data to allow the APA to make decisions
regarding the magnitude and timing of flow releases from the
proposed dams.
B.The study will allow the APA to evaluate the effects of altered
flow regimes on fisheries in the Susitna River along with other
instream uses of the Susitna River such as boating and navigation.
2
C.Data generated from this study will aid the APA in evaluating dam
design and operation to optimize power production.
D.Data generated from this study can be utilized by the APA for
planning and evaluating necessary mitigation measures for downstream
resources.
E.Results of this study will provide necessary data to regulatory
and management agencies,such as DNR,ADF&G,DEC,USFWS,NMFS and
FERC,such that these agencies can adequately perform their
permitting and management responsibilities.
LIST OF SUBTASKS:
The above stated objectives will be accQmplished through the folloWing
subtasks.Cooperating agencies and/or firms are also indicated.
A)Consultation with state and federal agencies and consulting firms
to coordinate the plan of study (DNR,APA,Acres,R&M,TES,
ADF&G,USGS,USFWS).
B)Order equipment and arrange logistical support (DNR,ADF&G,USGS,
CIRI/H&N).
C)Training in field techniques and data interpretation for project
personnel (DNR,ADF&G,USFWS,USGS).
D)Conversion of software to an accessible computer and training of
computer personnel (ADF&G,USFWS,ACRES,DNR).
E)Development and refining of preliminary probability of use curves
CADF&G,DNR,USFWS,USGS).
F)Collection of data to refine and validate probability of use
curves (ADF&G,DNR,USFWS,USGS).
G)Collection of hydrologic~l (stream flow)data (DNR,ADF&G,USGS,
USFWS).
H)Data processing and analysis (ADF&G,USFWS,USGS,and DNR).
I)Utilizing this data and analysis,provide information to licensing
and management agencies CAPA,FERC,DNR,ADF&G,DEC).
STUDY LOCATION:
Selection of study reaches in the Susitna River System will be required
to provide the necessary flow information for this study.Sites will
be required on the main stem of the Susitna River downstream from the
proposed dam sites to salt water with additional sites located on
major tributaries in the proposed study area.A wide variety of
representative selections will be required to delineate the probability
of use curves for the aquatic environment.Lo~ation of the transects
will require close coordination with state and federal wildlife agencies,
3
the USGS and involved consultants to satisfy hydrologic and hydraulic
considerations for determining channel morphology and aquatic habitat
parameters for defining preferred habitat in these areas.
SCHEDULE:
This study will require three years of data collection and analysis as
outlined below.
A.First Year:
L
2.
3.
4.
fW~
5.
-6.
Coordination of plan of study,personnel,equipment,and
site selection of transects.
Order equipment and arrange logistical support.
Project staffing.
Conversion of software to an accessible computer in Alaska.
Development and refinement of preliminary probability of use
curves.
Initial collection of stream flow data.
7.Initial data processing and analysis.
B.Second Year:
L Continue data collection.
2..Continue data processing and analysis.
3.Refine and validate probability of use curves.
C.Third Year:
1.Complete data collection.
2.Complete data processing and analysis.
3.Complete probability of use curves.
4.
BUDGET:
Report writing and submission of data to APA for utilization
in FERC licensing and permitting processes.
-
The total budget for DNR involvement in this study will be $407,861.00
over the three year duration of the study.This is broken out per
year below,with a detailed budget for the first year attached.
4
A.First Year:
-
Personal Services
Travel
Commodities
Contractual
Equipment·
Total First Year Budget
B~Second Year:
$92,706.00
14,400.00
2,100.00
21,000.00
57,655.00
$187,861.00
--
.....
r-
I
I
Little extra equipment will be needed.This year's budget will be
comprised primarily of Personal Services,Travel and Commodities as
shown above totaling approximately $110,000.00.
C.Third Year:
This year's budget will approximate the second year,totaling $110,000.00.
PROPOSED BUDGET SUSITNA
INSTREAM FLOW PROJECT
Personal Services
(1)Hydrologist III l8A 12 months =34,178.64
(1)Ecologist I l6A 12 months =29,750.76
(2)Temp.Land Management Tech II 14A 6 months =21,563.40
Overtime for LMT II =$7214.00
Total $92 2 706.00
Travel
2 positions
2 positions
800.00 per month x 8 months =6,400
800.00 per month x 6 months =4,800
,...
-
(Training)2 positions (out-oi-state)800.00
each =1,600 x 2 trips =$3,200.00
Total $14,400.00
Commodities
$250!year x 2.5 positions =$625.00
Gas,oil,motor $1,500.00
(2 ea.)Hard hats,hip boots and chest waders =$475.00
Total $2,100.00
Contractual
A.Consult instreatn flow group.3 of them will fly to Alaska from
Ft.Collins,Colorado and return.1 person from Alaska to fly to
Ft.Collins and return.$3200.00.
B.Repairs of boat,motor and other equipment $1000.00.
C.Phone 200.00 per month per phone x 2 x 12 mo.~$4,800.00.This
includes long distance calls.
D.Plane charter to fly over sites $2,000.00.
E.Computer analysis of field data $10,000.00.
Totals $21,000.00
Equipment
Office equipment
1.2 desks,2 chairs,1 bookcase,1 file cabinet =$1,300.00
2.1 calculator 300.00
3.(Special)paper,rite in rain,forms,and printing =$700.00
!~,
.?
F:i.eld equi.pment
...2 .--'~
-~-
t--"'..
1 'I _
,---
t IL___
1-
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.-
•14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Level,Lietz B-2 (32x)
Tripod (dome)
Survey st:akes
Measuring tape &holder (300 ft.)
35 n=camera and lens,film and development:
Elect:ronic surveying equipment,angle
measurements,range measurements,field computer
Current meters,pygmy and AA meter
Marsh-McBimy flow meter,digital readout
(2)topsetting wading rods
Suspended system (flow metering system)
Boat mounted (flow metering system)
Sonar'"narrow beam.
Headset and battery
2 way radio,walkie talkie (2 sets)
Compass
(2)portable ultrasonic level and flow recorder.
(2 ea.)First Aid Kit
Bank anchors ~t'x 48 n rebar
(2)leveling rod .(Philade1phia)
(1)Cable tag1ine 300+feet
Too'ls for repairs
$1,600.00
250.00
150.00
150.00
900.00
20,500.00
500.00
1,600.00
400.00
400.00
1,600.00
3,000.00
50.00
2,000.00
100.00
6,800.00
200.00
20 ..00
300.00
150.00
175.00
(~
I
:I -
;
I
t "'
.-
I
I -
i.__
1
I
\--
t
i,_.'
\~....
Boat .equipment
20 foot nverboat
13 foot.Avon riverboat
85 hp (jet boat)
25 hp (Kicker)jet foot
10 hp for Avon (jet foot)
25 gallon gas tank
(2)10 gallon gas tanks
(4)life vests
Boat trailer (service contract)
Oars (2 sets)
(2)Anchor,anchor rope
Ca.:mping equipment
Tents,stoves,lanterns,personal sleeping bags,
cooking equipment
Total all equipment;
Total Personal,travel,contractual,commodities:
Total budget:
$4,000.00
1,800.00
3,000.00
1,200.00
700 ..00
350.00
60.00
150.00
2,000.00
150.00
100.00
$57,655.00
$130,206.00
$187,861.00
Budget for additional years would be less because little ext:ra equipment
would be needed.Estimated cost for additional years $110,000.00 per
year.