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PROCEDllllf ~/QUAll ~r ASSUIWICE IWIUAl.
CUlTURAL IIESGU:oaS IIIYESTIGAliOII
SUSillCA KYDRQEL£CTRIC PROJECT
UPilA !D M T 198-4
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UNIVERSITY O• A LASKA , FAIRIIANK S
M;Jt~bonlu. Alt:tUo 9"»01
Hay 15, 1984
Hr. J on Ferguson
Project Manager
Alash Powe r Authority
334 II . 5th Ave.
Anchorage , AK 0~50 1
Dear Hr. ferguson:
COt.'PlDEHT1Al: ""MU!CIED Wlllll(
JIAODOI;T PREPARED I N ~ft!W
10' UTlOJ. TlON: AEBm!CTBl
lo.TRIBUTION
REC E IVED
MAY I (c 1984
ALASKA POWEll .Wl1101Uff
Enclosed Is the updated procedures/quail ty assurance Nnual for cultural
resource Invest I gat Ions associated wtth tlte Susitna Hydroelectric Projecl.
Although not required under the present contract to Harn·Ebuco this dOcUIIM!nt
Is part of the revised scope o f work (Amen-nt 1) recently agreed upon between
the University of Aluka and Haru·Ebasco. AI though tile contract amendments
have not been flna11zed , we are subaritt1ng th1s report dlredly to the Alaska
Power Authority In an effort to maintain the program schedule i n anticipation
or our verbal agreement to transfer !Hnageli>C!nt of the University's contract
fr001 Harza-Ebasco to the Alash Power Authority.
lf you have any questions, please feel free to contact""'·
--· J...£.
INS Dixon/Ph.D.
r inclpal Investigator
Cultural Resource Invest l~at Ions
Susitna 1\ydroelectrlc ProJect
University of Alaska Huse •
sao
PROCEDURES/OliALI TY ASSURANCE iiANUAl
CUlTI/RAl RESOURCES INVESTIGATIOH
SUSJTNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
UPOATEO NAY 1984
Prtpired By
Unhersfty of Al •ska Mus~
Archeology llf!pa•t.ooent
May 1984
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TAI!LE OF COKTEKTS
TAI!LE OF CO NTE NTS •
liST OF TAI!LES
liST OF FIGURES
INTRODUCTION.
1.1 • Scop e dnd Program ObJect he'
1.2 -Ge ne ral Out line •
2 -FIELD STUDY PREPARATION
2.1 -Intr oduct ion •.
(a) Loqlstlcs.
(b) Prefleld Orientation •
(c) Field Review •
2.2 -looistlcs .••••
2.3 -Prefleld Orl•ntatlon.
z.• -F!tld Review •••••
3 -RECOit~ISSAHCE LEVEL T£STIH':.
3.1 -lntNI<Iuct lon.
3.2 -Ttst1n9 •.•
(I ) Survey lOU le Fo,.
(b) Survey lo" I e 11.\p.
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1-1
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2 -2
2-3
2-6
3-1
J-1
3-1
3-2
3-3
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3.J -Sit~ ~cord f !!i ... !.!1!
(a) Site loc~tfon • 3-3
(b) Site O.twa .•• J-J
!c) Shov el T~tt u~nslon J-4
(d) Test Pit E•cavatfon J-4
(e) Artifact Collection J-6
(f) Soii/Sedfqnt Proff le 3-6
(g) Sf te Hap. 3·1
(h) Photography • J-8
(f) Sf te Survey Fo,..,, 3-8
3,4 -Accrss fonf.!!i •• 3-9
3.5 -Site Descrfetton 3-9
4 -SYSTE~T/C TESTING 3-10
4.1 -lntroauctfon 4-1
4.2 -Si te ,._.ee~ . 4-1
(I ) Grfd l ayout 4-1
(bl Stdfng ProcNure 4-Z
!c) Vertfc. I Control. 4-3
(d) "•P Construct fan. 4-J
·-· 4 .3 -Sauue location and Set.!!£ .
4-5
4 ,4 -£J<c .. u fon Procedures.
4-6 ( ., Collection. ...
4-6 (b' Three Po f n t Proven f enc ~ 5ysteon.
4-8 4.5 -Duo Recordf!Jl •.
( 4 / Ff •la Notebooks 4-8
4-8
(I) Plan Mtp ••
(If) ,..rratht •
(If t) Artifact DtscT t ptton .
(h ) c14 Sulple Otscrtpt ton.
(v) Addttto111l Requt.--nts •
(b) Sotl/Sedt•nt Proftlts
(c) Photogr1phy.
4.6 -Acceutontns •••
4 .7 -Sttt Description •
5 • QUA!. tTY ASSUIWICE . •
5.1 -Introduction •
5.2 -O!'!!!ntzatton and Rtsponstbtltttts.
5 .3 • Qualtt,y Assurance Procedures
(1) General ••
(b) Attendance •
(c) llottbooks •
( t) General
(If) Reconnaissance level Testi ng.
(If t) Systeaattc Testing.
I d ) Artt fact ~u loques.
(e ) Plio to Log. • •
(f) Su rvey locele.
(g) She Recordt~g
(h) Reports ....
(I) (QUif)Mnt ChKkS
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4-9
4-10
4-10
4-10
4 -11
4-12
4-13
4-14
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5-1
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5-4
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S-7
S-8
5-9
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5-11
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5,4 • Oau l'o<~~aq~ •
(a) OocUCients, .
(b) Collections.
5.5 • .!l!!.al lty Assurance of 'f~ndors.
5.6 • lntel'llal Audits
(a) Schedule •
(b) Confo,..nce.
(c) l?ecor<ts. • .
Susftna l!lv~r Archeological
Survey toea le Fo,..,.,
ProJect . 1984
Site Survey Fo,..,., .
Fact Sheet.
Te,..lnology f or ~cck and Hfneral l<tentlffcatton
Roct Identifica t ion flow Cll.trt.
lleffnftfcns of Ltthlc Artifacts
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5 -1 2
5 -1 2
5-IJ
S-IJ
5-14
5-14
5-15
5-15
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A-il
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liST OF TA8lES
T1ble 4.1 Steps In the Accessf onfng Process ••..•.•.••• 4-16
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liST OF FIGURES
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Figure 3.1 b1111ple of Narra tive Forut Page. 3-12
-.. Figure 3.2 Survey Loc a le lllp FonMt . • . .. 3-13
Figure 3,3 Grid Tl!llllllt.e for Enlarging Survey locale Map • 3-14
Figure 3.4 Era11111le of C01111let.ed Survey Locale Map . 3-15
Figure 3.5 UlM and Aliquot TetnPllte ••.• .... 3-16
Flgurl! 3.6 Tt~~~~~late for Oetcrtlinlng Latitude and longitude • 3-!7
Figure 3.7 Eruople of Shovel Test Expansion With Single
Shovel Test llith Cultural Material. ..... 3-18
Flgurl! 3.8 Ex-le of Shovel Te st Expansion llith Multiple
Shovel Tests ll ltll Cultural Material 3-19
Figu~ 3.9 Ar tifact Collection Stamp • 3-20
Figure 3.10 Ex-le of Test Pit Profi l e 3-21
Figure 3.11 Fol"lllt for Rf!(:onnalssance Site Hap. 3-22
Figure 3.12 Syllbols Used t or Reconnaissa nce Site Map. 3 -23
Figure 3.13 Exa~~ple of Recon nahsance Site Map. 3-24
Figur e 3.14 Photo log Fol"'llllt .•.. ... 3-25
Figure 3.15 Exaonple of Artifact Cotal ogue for Reconnaissance Sites. 3-26
Figure 4.1 Mapping Notes Foi'INt. 4-17
Figure 4, 2 Mapping Notes Syl!lbols 4-18
Figure 4.3 Exa"''Jle of Mapping Notes. 4-19
Figure 4.4 Exuople of Map for Systen1atlcally Tested Site 4-20
Figure 4,5 Plan t~ap ForNt .•.•. 4-21
Figure 4.6 Symbols Useo on Plan Hap. 4-22
Figure 4. 7 Artifact Description Fom~~t 4-23
Figure 4.8 Artlf•r.t ?escrlptlon Guideline$ 4-24
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flgun! 4 .g c14 ~11ple RKordl"9 for"Nt .•.
!!9!
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figure 4.10 c14 ~It Record l "9 Guf delfii@S. 4-27
,...... fl!):.re 4 .11 Souart Phc-nt and Eleva tions Foi"Nt •·28
Ffgurt 4.12 Wall Profile Forwt •••. .. 4 -29
Figure 4.13 S)'llbols Used for We ll Profile. 4-30
Figure 4 .14 Sol 1/Sedl•nt O<!sc r lptfon Fo i"Nt 4-31
Figure 4.15 Soli/Sediment Des c r iption Guidelines 4-32
Figure 4.16 E .. ~~ple of Ar tl flct Catalo.gue for Sy stf!llltlcally Tested
Sitts .•••••.•••. 4-34
Figure 5.1 Sc htlqt l c Org anizat ion Chart 5-17
f igure 5 .2 h111p l e of Index In Field Notebooks . 5·18 1 Figure 5.3 O.ta H.ln•g-nt Head i ng for Notebook Pagts 5·19
Figure 5.4 Checklist for Surny locale Data Shuts •• 5-20
Figure 5.5 ChKkllst for Site DIU S~ts (RKon nalssance ). 5·21
Figure 5.6 ChKkl lst for Site Data Sh eets (SystetNt fc Test ing ). 5·22
Figure 5.7 ChK kllst for Test Squ tre Da t a Shee ts .•••.. . . 5·23
figu re 5.8 ChKkllst for Profiles and Soll/Sed i ~E~ertt De scriptions. S-24
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I • IIITRODIICTIOII
Tills .. nual updates tilt July 1983 Procedures, Quality Assunnce Manua l
devtloped by the Univers i ty of Alas~a ,.,seuo~ f o r the Cultural Resources
!nv•stl91tlon associated with the Susltna Hydroelectric Project. Procedures
us.cl betwooen 1980 • ~~~ (wh i ch Ol not Ylry slgnlfte&ntly fro~~ proc,:lur es
discuss.cl lltnt) are dlscuued In tilt following reoorts:
~ l Ohon, E.J., Jr., G.S. S.lth, R.M. Thorson, and R.C . Betts . 1980
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Annual report, subtast 7.06 cultural resources Invest igation for the
Susltna Hydroelectri c Project.
Dillon, E.J., Jr., G.S. S.lth, R.C. Betts, and R.ll. Thorson. 1982.
Final report subtast 7.06 cultu ral r esources I nvestigat ion for tilt
Susltna Hydroelectric Project: a prell•lnary cultural r~sou rce survey
In the IIpper Sus ltna RhP.r Valley.
Dixon, E.J., Jr., G.S. S.lth, M.L. King, an d J.D. ROllic k. 1982.
Final report 1982 fie l d seaso n subtask 7.06 cultural resources
Invest igation for tilt Su s ttna Hyd~lectrlc Project: cultural resource
survey In the Middle Susltna Rh ~r Valley.
Tilt objecth~s nf the Cultura l Resourc es Investigation are to doc~~~~rnt
preh!st.orlc and historic sites, evaluOite sl!e significance, access l..,.ct, and
rec-nd llltlgation 111tasures to avo i d or lessen Adverse Impa ct to sites on or
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e lltlb le for Inclusion In the .. tlonal Register of Historic Places. Tilts
doc-nt outlines the proctdu,..s for •ch l ev lng pr"Ogl",. obJectives tnd the
qualtQ-usurance progr• neanary to provide 1dequ1te confidence In the
rnMIU of the cultur1 l -.sourus lnvestfgu lo~.
Clllpter 2 of tll1s •nua l describes the Utree phases IIIVOhed In field study
P"lllr't•o~: lotlstlcs . 1nfltld orlenutfon, and field NY i ew. Tile purpose
ot r:eld stuo: PI"'PUlt1, Is to fAcfliUte tile efficient l nlt1ltlon end
purwtt of fleldooort, •l nUin pl'OCtduns Utrough 1 qullity tssuranct progr•,
and ensur: tilt Ufeey of field p~rs~nnel .
Chlpt.er 3 describes reconMisunce level testing. The porpose of
ncomafsunce lent testlnt Is u locate, Identify lnd inventor~
li'CheolotiCl l lnd hlstarlct l sites within th# study 1re1. Thh level of
... survey h t l l'ed at I dentifying the type, she, and envlro,_nttl assochtlons
of the s1u. Out I'Kordlng using notebooh, survey l ocale forwos, tnd s i te
forwos Is discussed. Tile detenolnatfon of site she is delfnelted. lletl tls
usocltted wftll the ~nutfon of the site. the uctnllon of test piU,
ud the •ccess1on l ng of 1rtffocts 1re Addressed.
Choptel' ; consi ders the !-po i nts In Chapter 3 :Mit ,,... the perspective o f
syst ... tfc test ing. Syst ... tlc testing proc.dures are rellted to the
lncnued contl'Ol prtsee at this l evel of tnt htg. The purpose of syst,....tfc
testi ng Is to test sites In order to cnllect sufficient dou ~o 1ddren site
specific 1nd rf9IC<>al significance ond potential eligi bi lity to the .. tlonal
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Register of Historic Pl•c•s. S:tst-tlc testfng Provides d~te on such
ptr-ters u depth tnd lll.,•er of cultural COIIponents, artffact density and
dfverslty which ere all pertinent for usessfng slgnlffclnce.
Cllapttr 5 describes the quellty arsurance PI'OgrM 1nd roonftorlng Procedures,
Tile quality assur~nce prog.,. Is de signed to PI'OVIdt conti'OJ over the quality
of rtstlrch and ensure that d1t1 lnd rePOrts Produced as • result of the
PI'OJect conto,.. to sttnd•rds. The org~nfzetlon, respansfb llftles, end
.,.,ve-tnt of the qu•lfty assur~nee process are described,
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2 -FIElD STUDY PREPARATIOII
...
l 2.1 -lnti"'ductfon
1
Fltld study prtp.~ratlon Is lntefldH to facilitate t~ effl clfllt lnltlttlon and
pursuit of fltldloort, M l nta ln proctdurts through a qutlltyusuranct pro9r•,
and tnsurt tile safety of field Ptrsonne l. Tht task ean bt divided Into three
ca~rfes: (1) l09fst1cs, (2) prtffeld orltlltatfon, and (3) fltld rn l ew .
(a ) logistics
Tilt l09fstlcal prep.~ratlons for f i eld study Include: (I) 1ppll catl~n for
pert l ntftt st1te and feder1 l Pf"'lts, (2) advertising of posltiOM and ll l rlng
of pers-1. (3) at1111ls ltfon o f gear and supplies, (1 ) preparat ion for
prtfltld ori entation ar.d (5) proc.edures develo~JMnt.
(b) Prtffe l d Orientation
Pref1tld orftlltatfon hu boo role s -Introducing personnel to procedures
necessary for tllelr nftty and to ensu re control on the qua lity and
conslstancy of 110rt . The ori entat ion sessions are designed to .. h ~
pers o~l f..tllar with goals of the project .and tile ha urds present. A .. Jor
_,...,Is ts placed upon tile standardlutfon of procedures nec essary to ensure
cooopa rabf ll ty of nrsults and adhtnrnce t o procedure s.
Safety and regul1tlon topics covered lncludr: first a i d tr•lnlng , lectures on
the bellivlor of belrs and other large g.-relevant to per<onnel ufeey ,
L-1
1 _,am tralll1119, llelfcopur ufetr. CIIIIP f'I9UlatfOftS, proJect aJU
restrictions, radio procllduru and protocol, -rv•ncy proc~ures, ,.,.sonal
9NF rwquh·-ts, aiMI Mp OMMtltfCMI.
Tile l11110rt1nt el-t of quality assurance In tile ..ort place Is facllftlt~
t!IJ"'OIttl 1 senes of lectvres 111d ~tntfons of proJect procllduf'ft .
l ecturu discuss tile p~lstory of l nurf o,. Ahstl, llfstory of tile Sllsttna
11Ydrotlectfc Project and tile assoc i ation of the University of Aluta Mlls-
wftll It, l oatfCMt of tile proJect aru , aiMI tile go~h of tile proJect . ProJect
proceduru are dhcuned In relation to tile ~ of ..ort l nvolvtd , e.g.,
rec-tssaRCe level ustfn9 vs. syst-tfc testing , Procedures and
tenrfiiOlOV IIHd tlrJooautllaut tile proJect are sundlrdfzed . Tllne topi cs
Include tile -nt ng of specific terws, stlnclardlz:at lon of rock, tool, 111d sofl
ducl"iptiCMtS . e-ra procedures and doc~ntatlon requt,_.,ts for
pllotogr~P~ts ,,.. pr-..sl't't". Accastonlf19 procedUres are coverect .
(c) field flevltw
After reaching t ile proJect area, specific topics of safety and procedures are
discus~ In surroundings where tbe full !ooport 1s ude upon tile -.l oyee .
Sllr"Vt7 aiMI testing proclldu,..s an Cl hcune<! 011 lout ton wltb an aoplllsls 11pon
tiM! data collection and quality assu rJ nc e proce<!ures necu sary to obtain
PJ'OJect obJ ect l ns.
2-2
2.2 • Lottstlcs
logfstfcal NqUI-ts for Uftdii"Ukfftg fiel d study lncludl! the applfcatfOfl
fOf' .-rtt-t suu and fedl!ral Mr.IU, hlrf11g of pers-1 . procu,_,.t of
Sll!llll1et, arrtnt1"9 for the preffeld orltnUtlon, and denlos-nt of
obUIMd froa tilt suu and fedlrt l agencfts upon whose lands studies •>-be
undtrU,~. lltports of field work perfo,_d under th~ ,.,..ttl are
dlss.i,..oct<l ~e.cordlllg to ,.,..It stipulations.
Pen-1 positions a.-. advertised u l!trly IS funding and preperatton of the
scope of 110ft alloor. All potentia l tiiP IOJftS are sent a brodlare (Appeldla I)
cltscrfbf119 the proJect, tllelr job responst b1lft1H, .net tddltlonal lnfo,...tlnll
to prepe.-. tile candldlte for underUtlng fi e l dwork.
GHr and wppltes are organized and Inventoried at the conclusion nf each
ffeld suson. ~dltfona l •tertal required to CCIIIPltU the upcooolng scope of
1111rt Is Of'duH. All ~f ...,.t Is diKbd for sem ctlb llf~ and repaired or
"'l'l acld as necessary. After supplies 111ve been ootelnld, they are Of'9anlztd
IJid pecb9td t o factllute orderl:t shl...,.t to the proJect area .
ll"'l'lrttiOfl for the preflt!ld orientation ~te lls ooogtnlz ln9 SMakers and
fac:llttleJ In o~r t o qb tlfn op tlul ~~fit o f the U• allowed . Lec:turu
Oft ffr n a i d, a nllll l bthev lor, WlpO<IJ tnlnl ftg, and photognphlc techni ques
are Interspersed w1t~~ project p rucldures ~~~d di!IIOnst rnlons.
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All 011901119 proc.ess of pi"'C.Hul"ts dftel o.-nt !'Hults In the Pret~~ratlon o f
updeted guide~ and tOOrt at~ to flcll I tit~ IIHting Pra.J«t oiiJectl~ •nd t o
tllllllnce 4U11f~ control. lllp telplata, for Ulll!)lt, I IIC"'Us. IC:C:Urac:y In
pf'Miclnt e~~ta,.,_..t of .. ps wllfle reducing the ~l ae i nvolved. Specific
clt lt-tton of rwqu l l"td lnfor..Uon lnc~uu COIIJIIrlbil lty In dlt.
collect lOll .
2 .3 • IlNfiel d Ori...utt on
Tile Pl"tft el d OMe!I Ut I 011 fllnc tiOftS to I nt..OC:,1ce II'"_ I ,1 the «* JKtl ftS Of
tile orWICt Ud to flldoctrillete U.. I nto t.lte procedure l"tqVII"td for tllefr
u fe~. Atteftdlnce w111 Ill utett • t ••ell sess I or •
Tile ufety CGIIIIIOMflt of tile p~.,tf Oil c~1 stl o f first dd trllnl nt.
dhatSSI OII of ~l'Wtl, helfc011ter Slf~ty. -~y PI"'C.I!dlot"fl, wfldltfe
lectwt, elld ttrH ..s nr"' .
lltltCOIIter safety fs Pl"tUfftld u51119 80deh , dhgr.-s, aftd f iiiiS. Tile CGftt~t
of lllna..O.sco 's MIICCJIIUr proc~~ .. nua l is glva. Sllft!l loading
procedu~s ll"t dhcv ssed. Ato ~s ts h placed upon tile C')f'TKt procedures
to follCN In IPIU"Oicll fnt and dtPirtl ng thl! i!!lrcraft . Clos~ly &llfl'd wltll
hl!ltc011ter procMIII"ts Is the un of t he portlble I'll radio:.. Pers011nel are
Instructed In the use of the !lrKfsfon l n stn.tflts. Col'l"'!C t '-nl eatlons
protocol ts pre s~ted. As e1rl y u pou lb l~ tn the f i eld season, each
l ndfvlclllal IS Instructed h the actua l use of the rad ios t o o verc.-e 1ny
hesi tancy. Ground to a ir c-nlcetl ons are dfscuned In re fe rence to
locati on (e .g .. lout ln9 on,.•s s ~lf relatlve t o the pilot's orie ntation). wi nd
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colldltfOM, and sufUbfllty of h ndl119 ~on-s. The prl•cy of tH p ilot In tile
trensport end pickup of tiM c...,. h rePHtedly -haslnd. Helicopter
._,l,_ts ,,.. d hcusnd I n rtfertt~Ce to the selKtlon of potential lmdl119
z-. loc.tfoe~ of cretIn re l at lor~ to the ADPMIICII of lfrcre ft , st-ge of
gear uslly dfsplecld by p~op wuh, end visibility of the c'""''s locetfon
tJ1rout11 tile "" of n-sceftt pe n:h end s 1,.,.1 e lrrors dfstrlbut.H to H ell
cnw. Tile H lue of bright col ored clothing h stressed. Hud sl9fttls to use
In dlrectl119 elrcreft ere d-stret.H.
~ to follow In tile ceu of -Tgenclu are presented. These
prouclures wfl l foll ow the gUidelines developed ror tile Susltnl Hydroelectric
~ect . T1w hierarchy 1f1 IIIIIch ~1• ue to be r.otffled of •~1 -T9f'ICl'·
pnleedures to follow for etssl119 PtrsOflnel, end the fire l"'tlctl on ple11 for the
IliUM Bese Cap ere cov e....:
T1w presence of l arge wild 9Me In the project are• end the freque11t
encounters with bears while conducting tile cultur~l resoun:e survey
nec:e~sl teU 1 f•fl hrley wHII wi l d 1111•1 behiY for. lectll~ ere p1'1SefttH
on tile befiiYioT of large g-so thlt pnsslb le '!'llcounurs terelnate without
hare to either perty .
T1w proper use of f l reeres In protection Is d i scussed. ~IIStretlon end
practlcels In tile un of 12 gauge shotguns •nd ll l gh powe r ed plstoh tre
cofiC!uc ted . lo I ndh ldNl will bf! ell Oiled to carl") 'I ,.., res withOUt
successful ly d8onstratlng t~>&fr proflcl~•c;. and 'nowlee!ge of uf~~Y to the
Instructor. l'rohlbitlo11s on hu nting In the proJ ect area due to t .he use of
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~lltopters are ude tnow11 . Handling of flreanos in aircraft and the stowage
at t ... c..., •re also discuss~.
2.4 -Field Revfew
S1fety 1nd resurch protocols are reviewed upon entering t~ project aru. A
full review of ~lltopt.er safety will be presented by a h~llcopter pilot prior
to use of the aircraft. Topics cover~ Include approacll ~o ud cepa.rture frtJI
the llrcrtft, off ll•lts areas ~round the aircraft. and ln-fllgh! -rgency
procedures. ~ .echlnlcs of rotor..,.lng flight and tour of alrcr·1ft
C(lllpOnents My a lso be Included.
On-s lte deooonstratlons of procedures and ensuing discussions Ire Intended to
ensure that project objectives are •t, consistency of data collection Is
Mlntallled, and quality assurance procedu r es an! lmp l-nted. Proficiency In
basic dati recording tecllnlquts a.nd NPS skills are tested and reviewed untfl
all Ptrsonnel are proficient In their areas of responsib ilities. Rtdfo
c-nlcatfon It practiced with each Mllber. Use of the sfgn.~l 11lrro rs and
signal penels fs dt~~Gnstrated In directing aircraft .
Quality assurance proc edu res to be conducted at the conclusion of each day are
dt~~Gnstrated. This process Includes tccessfonfng ar.d storlno artlftcts,
logging In of acce$Sion and Alaska Heritage Resource Survey (AI!RS) nutllbers
used, and filing of reports. Cr ew leaders are Instructed of their role In the
quality assu ranc e pl'1lCess and the necP.ssfty tn pass rtporu onto thei r
'-"fate SUPfrvfsor for review. Security of artifacts and reco r ds Is
discussed at this tf~~e.
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3 -RECOIUCAIW !ICE lEVEl. T£STIN&
3.1 • lntrochlctloft
Tilt purpose of reconNISSince l.vel ustlng Is to louu, Identify and
lnftfttory erclleologlce l and hlsto,.lcal sites wtUIIn tile stlldy er-H . The
reconNisunce ltvel su,.,., Is el•d at Identifying tile type, s ize , end
envt~ntel associations of tile site.
Tilt su,.,eyable portions of the study ,,..a ar-e organized Into su,.,ey locales or
other c'eltneated arMs such 11 pr-opoud borrow sources, a i rstrips, etc. Both
surflct reconMhllnct llld subsurftet tutlng ar-e fiiPloyed to locate sites
vlthln these 1,..11 .
3.2 • Testtnp
Reconl\ltsunce ltvel t1S tlft9 In the pr-oJ .ct ar-ea Is conducted by surfa ce and
subsurface techniques. Surface r-econNtssanc~ h conducted In ell sur-vey
INIS lncludlft11 tllose llfllch hne ~>~posed ground surface, s uch u t i'M falls,
rodeftt and bear dlsturtllnces, er-oslonel ar-eas, and fir-e stripped z-. In
pieces IO!I Ich lllvt lov surface visibility, subsurface testing using shovel
m t5 Is conduc ted •
A shove l test Is 1 "shove l stud" roul\d tut, usually not over 30 o r 40 ca
deep. As uch shovel of soil fs .--ved ,,. tl!• test , It Is Inspected for
cultural .. terlal . The nUIIber, loc~tfon, deptn, and any lnfo...,..,tlon
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concer11f119 tN Pl'fteiiCe of clllrcCN l, volc1nfc uh, or dfstfiiCtlve soil
clllrtct.rhtlcs Is !"KO'"*d.
lltcol'lll119 ~MrtfMftt surwy loc1lr lnfoNitfon Is doM on the surwy loc•l•
fom . Tills Is us~~ally doM wn the loc1le Is cc.plnely surny.d. To 1fd
tt.. crw In cc.pletf119 the forw, no~s such IS terr11n, vtte~tlon, etc .
should lie roteo'"*d f n field not.tloots fn 111rr1tlve forw. The fo,..t for this
Pill h fllustr1ted In Figure 3.1. Key wol'lls such IS $HOVEl TESTS ,
Y£C£TATIOII, etc. lrt wrltt" In bold lrttrrs In the l rft hind •1"91n of I'ICh
111rret1ve ptge. Tt..s. p1ges serve 1 general function In the r ecord ing of 111
dlt1, 111d Clll also be used OIICe • site hu been found and ••en durl119
syste-.tlc te~tl119 11 11111 be discussed In Cha oter 4.
(I) Survey loc1lt Forw
Wlllle site survey Is being conducted , lnforsatlon 1bout th• loctle. Is recorded
on the survey loc1le forw, locale .. ps, 1nd In notebook.s. Photogrtphs are
1lso taken to d~nt the locllt. The survry locale forw lnclu.,.s 1 brief
dtscrlptlon of thf surtlcl1 l gfOlogy and hndforws In the lnlt!dl1~ vicinity •
It 1lso tddres .. s Issues COIICeMIIIMJ ~he high, ~nte, and low po~ntl1l
1rt1s for •rciiHloglcal sites 11 lthln the loc1l e. Areas within the locale
IIIIIch can not be survtyed dut to st1ndlng 111t.er, stHfJMSS of sl..-, 1nd
lftlcctsslbllfty 1re 1lso noted on this forw. Additionally, arets of
•rclleologlcll potenthl Mlr til" loclle but not tested 1re noted on the forw.
ft.. survey loc1le forw Is shown In Aopendh 2.
3-2
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A suney louie •P sllawlng tile lout1on of truncts wlktd and tile loutlon
of a ll shoftl teSts h or-for u cll suN~ l oui e . Tll1s Mp Is usually en
.n l a~t of part of • 1:63,360 scale u.s.&.S. topogrljl/llc MP CCI'teri ng tilt
1-.dfiU YfC flft)' o f tN IUI"fty leal e . I t l ncludu topogr~phfc •uth
_.,ell.._,. not ,.,..,. on tN 1:63,360 salt •P· Tllfs •P shows a ll loc•tfOM
w1tll1a t.11e louie _.tell ..,.. actually tHUd alld, jvst •~ t•r-tut, s~
l outiOM wttlltft tilt l ou i e llllf cll w" not sun't)"H . Tilt fo,..t of tile suney
l oui e •P IIIII tilt s,.tloh ned appo.-In ff911"! 3.2. • gr1d t-.l ne OYtrlay
f fll" lllowfng up ,,. I U.S.5.S. CIUH M P wll tcll IllS bftn ~l ar'9fd to I " • 2000 '
h ~ '" Fi gure 3 .3. All u~~~plt of • c:a~~~l e ted •P Is siiGWft •~ figure 3.•.
3 .1 • Sftt III'Conlfl!l
(a ) St~ee location
Ollct • s t u Is ,_ du.-tng .-eco...,.t sunce suney I ts loc•tton ts l"tCOrdtd by
olottlng tile lout t on on I" • 2000' a t .-photos avat llbl e f or tile o.-oJ tct '"•·
IIIII CI"OSI -clltcU"'J tllh l ocation wftb I U.S.G.S. 1:63,360 s ceht topOCJreplltc
-.p. Tilt sit• loutfon Is t11en .. ~tel on both tile e tr pho t.o ;rncl tile U.S.G.S •
..,. A Un f¥tn t t y of Al asu "'st~a eccesst on IIUIII>tr and a State of Al asu
AHRS -· 1.-e asslf".ed t o tile s t te 1-.df e tel y. Tilt loc1t1on o f tile sfte h
l ct~r t ransflrtd t o I tml Crilldtd U.S.G.S. 1:63.360 qu ad wap . lieterwfnatlon
o f tml and 1 1fquot de signati ons •re 1lded by the tet~~Plltt slloom In figure 3 .5.
The t-.pl a te shown In Figure 3 .6 h usee! fo.-detentln fng l att tiJC!e 1ncl
longltudt on U.S .G .S • .,ps co veri ng ~he study erea .
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An Intensive surface ncon,.fssence of the site vicinity fs conducted to
obtain an Initial ldta of the she and netun of the sit~. All surface
artifacts .,.. flegged for subsequent Npplng and possible collection.
(b) Site DltUII
A site dltu. I s established on the sfte and Is located In the southwest corner
of t '.e first ~onnafsunce test pft excavated . The datuot NY also be placed
on , ... highest part of the site If the site Is COIIPOSed of ...,ltlple surface
scat!ers . Tht site datUII consists of 1 large metal nail with an alUIII,.. tag
atttcl.ed. Enscrlbed on the tlg 1re: AHRS site nUII!ber, University of Alaska
"'s-, test pit nUIIber , 1nd date. Distance and direction ~~euursents from
the datUII to ne1rily features 1re ncorded to 1ld In Its relocation In
subsequent years.
(c) Shovel Test Expansion
Attar a site has been surface s ea rched I t Is syst.eowotlcally shovel tested to
uslst In detti'WIIn l ng Its size, relative denslt.v ~nd COIIPOSition of
artlfactual Nterla l s . Thfs process aids In the evaluation of site she for
later study n well a< providing data In fluenc ing later decisions on test pH
plac-nt and test square plac-nt du r ing the systemati c testing phase of
fieldwork. It should be noted that the shov~l ~est expansion fs only one of
the ways site stze Is estima ted. The she and confi gur ati on o f the land
feeture on wh ich a site fs l ocated Is ~lso Importa nt In estiNtlng site she.
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The slloHl test upans l011 ..,,., u • point llllle:rP artifacts lllwt bftn louUd
11 llorhonu l spece, tlllt fs, a shcwel tut tlllt tfiC:OUIIt.tt'H artlfattul
-~•1 (Wt wfth a rtifa cts p,..s.nt) or at a locat ion adjaclflt to a surface
ertl fac t . A vrt d syst• fs then •uum fro. that Initial point , oriented In
cardina l d l r.ctf on. Shovel tests ,,.. placed at a frNr aeter Interval In tach
of th6t clf ..... tfOIII and at the conen (SII , Ill. SE , liE ) to fo,. a n e l gllt •tff
~ outll• (fl,.,.. 3.7). If c:ult•nl uterf a l fs mcea•ttm Ia 1111 of
U.S. shcwe l tuts then the t rld Is ut~ tn tllat dlr.ctiOII for a11
acldltl0111l fat~r •ters. In dfr.ttf011s Wlllre no artlfactval •ttrlal fs fCNnd
(st.trflt tut) the grid systM Is collapsed Inward towa rd t,. Initial positive
Wt or surface artifact at a biO •tar lnterwal. As 1 result, the sllovtl
test Ujllnsfoe Is Uflsltfvt to slt.t slzt It a biO •ter Interval . fl,..,.. 3 .7
li .,; ~I t of 1 shovtl t.tst UPIIISIOII v11tn cultural •t.trfal Is only
•-wrte! at the loltl al sllov t l test. In this sltuetlon 1 total o f 17
sllovtl ttsts art t•u.,ted to assist In dtteralnlng the spat i al t•tent of the
sfta. llot.t tlllt the shove l tnt with cultural •ttrla l In Flgvrt 3.7 Is
..close<f by st.trflt sllovel tests on a biO l!ll!ter rfd leterva l.
ff,..... 3.8 r.lQis an tUIIIIlt o f shov e l test opuston wllere a nlfacts "·
enttltllltlr'H du riii!J upansto11 . This flgvre lllustra!es • s erfas of site plots
wlll cll Indicate tilt Stqutnce o l shovel test plac-nts to en c trc lt tile
llorf:toft ta l uttnt of t,. stu.
Tile sllcwl ~·n upen\lca PI"'9•,. Is Intended to be used "'til s--nt of
rlulbfllty. The tJCI¥1tiOII of shovel tesu "" ~ltes provldts hfoi"Ntlon on
s it~ slu and art ifact density but cay a lso add to •Itt dhturba nct. To
adc!"'ss tllh pr'OII l ... shove l •est expansion •Y be<l'ft •art,.r tllln four •ters
3-S
-~ .. t :,... ~ -,; -,-~ -. . .· . .
-• •, ~.. : ' -~ • -,. -f -. ~____a.. ...... -------..... ... ....
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_, f,.. till {nltlt l posltht shove l tnt. For HIIIPie, 1 site ... l' Mn 111
eatensht surfiCI "lttfr of trtlf1cu vlllch occur In dhcOfttln~s troups or
clvst.n . Tile slloftl test OPIIISIOII should Hgl<l It till Mte of till SUrfiCI
ICittlt'. .._,lr 1ft IJ(II&ftSI Oft Is cOftdllctfd It sllould be doM I n IIIC-U
of t•r •ters to •subllsll CG~~~Nrtble COYer•~ It all s i tes .
(d) Tut rtt ucent i Oft
n.. tllant'loe of It I Hst -t est pit h nut COftCt<KtH et tile s t u to
•tat• llfor.tiOft Oft tbt soll /std1-t strutgrel)lly ud llllllber of ~u
,...,....t et U. sltl. "-lssUICf test ptu '" 40 ca _,.., but •1 be
IJIIIIIIIItd to dltlf'WIIII till s t u of Sllburfece feetures . n.. first test pit
uunttd It U. sltl Is n111ll1 superf-td over tile slloYe l tflt ,.,.. till
f i i"St ertlfactuel •terl t h .,.,.. fOUftd o r •dJ•cnt to 1 sarfiCI sutter of
lrtlfKU .
Tile tGPOtr~Pi7 It till s i te will oft~ d lc ute 1~ llllllber of test p lu ~
Tile I Ctu l l ..-.r ot vsu 11 thf s ite will ultl.,tel, .1!~nd upon till
j udgllt1!t of till c...., I H<It r . Tile -'It of testl"!! IIKHStry Is d l rectl)
reltttd to vll&t 1111 liMn t"KOYered f ,.. tile lnltlel test pi: ei>CI ....,t hiS bftn
recovered f,.. the thovel teu eap1ns ton.
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{e) Art1fa« Co lltctl o"
All arUhcts rteOYtred fro. tilt tut plt uautlo" wlll M bl99td by
arbitrary flve e~~ levels unless txc.vatlon wu by stratlgrephlc un i ts. Eacll
lrtlfact big contains the following lnfo,..ti on : ! l AHRS !UIIber; 2)
Ull1vers1ty of Alasu Mats-a cussl on ruoller: J ) test pit ,.,.,_,., d~tll below
fi"CMMIId sarf1ce Alld strnlgrapllfc II'Yt l , If 1ppropri1U; S) IUIIber ed
dtscriptlOft of SPKI..,(s) In big (set Appendlc@S 4 , S, ucl 6 fo r si)KI..,
cltscriptlon); 6) date uavntd; 1) n-of txCIYitor(s) (Figure 3.9).
DflgMttlc lrtff1cU lrt colltcttd with three point provenience. A datllltd
discuJS I on of til h procedure Is p~sen ttd In Cn.pter I . All I ndlv1 dull bigs
frc. eedl tHt pit 1re pI ICed I n • l a.-,e big w' ":!> s lte lllllliber, I oc•t lOft, test
Nllllber, date lnd .._Oft tM outside . l ndl•l dull test pit bigs ''"" then
pl1ctd 111 1 site big with the s l tt IIUIIDe r 1nc1 dltt on tilt outs i de . Eacll big
ts returned to tilt fltld base c11op for C4tllogutng. Radiocarbon SIIOPits lrt
double wrlpped tn alUIOh•• f o ll and placed I n zip toe~ bigs hbl l td w1 til tile
s.. l nfo,..t10ft IS artifact ~~~~-
(f ) Soii/Stdlwnt Po o f llt
A profile ts Nqu l rtd for uch .,Itt wlttthtr or not sub-surface cultural
lllttrla l ts found . A soll/stdl lltnt profi le h 4 r...n o f 1t l ent oM ,..11 of
uc" tilt p i t ucavateo at tilt si t e. Tlltst profil es s llov l d not M sc'-tlc
cut sllou lo re n ect sofl units f ound In u ch sc:.n-e. The pro•e~nl tiiCt of
1rt1f1cts, futures , 1nc1 any c ha rcoa l foun d In t he pro f ile shou l d bt
I dent I fled In tM profflt dllg r am . Flg urts 3 .10 a nd 4.13 Illustrate u .. !ples
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of 110w profllu should bl dr-end the t~y to 1M! und for sofl/stdilllftt
ciiArKttrlstfcs . Figure 4.15 lhU fnforsatfon required on soll/std1111ftts.
A site specific ap h .,,_ for eecb site faul'd durfng recon~~~hunct Inti
t.Hti119 . Tilts Is 1 lll'.,e sc1le MP of tM l.edfat~ site vlcu•ltJ htdlutf"9
coetour of tilt sita • ....,.utiOI'I prnl!<lt, top091"1plllc 1nd gpologlc fHtii...S .
lncludl4 0.. tills ap Is tllt location of 111 sltoftl tuts. wt pi ts , sltt
dl~. 1rtlfKt sutun, 1nd surface uUf1cts or clusUn. The forwat of
tilt site ap lnd Its s,._h 1ppt1r In FlgurH 3.11 and 3 .12. ,., ~le of a
site_, h lllustrlttd in f t gu~ J .ll.
(II) Pllotograplly
1 A 15 • u.r• loa~ with olact 1nd wllit:e pl'111t fila h IISitd to ute
pllotograplls on reconna h unc!! len l test sltM. The fiMt fr-shot It 1
pertlculu s i te should bl 1 site lcl8tlf l atlon uposu~. The roll ..-er,
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NaS sltt nuablr. dlte 1ftd uavatlon crew should bl pllo•.og .. eplle.d to l dltltlfy
tllt bi9IMifl9 of specUic sftt pllotogr1pbs. EAcb phot•,trapll t~ten at 1 site
ts rteordtd on the site survey fora llld In til~ pilOt• log by roll, tn.,
direction of vtew, subJect, end dlt~. The forsa~ of tllt photo log 1nd types
nf lnforsatton recorcled •~ \~-In F lgu ~ 3.14.
3·8
(I) Site~ Fon&
A Site IU"'e)' fOI'II h USH for -~~~~IIU 1 .... 1 ciiU COlltctfOII tO tM¥f't
c.sflta.~t litO lnfo ... ttOII . Aldlougll tile fOI'II h o,.~llH tO f'ttrl-I
11,... ....,ttc, of eu, ft h •tl"td to RWI-c ftel~ notelloob , not to
,..tec:e u.o. Tile stu llll"fe)' fo ... Is ,._uc~ Ia ...,._ .. l . *Jew
utetortn of site t•f-tiOII f't«NH 011 tilts fo,. 1-cl-. site loe~tf•,
ecolott u l sent.,, s t u 4Hcrtptf•, surl~Ce Md IUMllrliCe 1rtlfoct
t~. •t.otn~~~~fc I'WCON, Hd lddltf-1 s i te .,.cl f tc tn forw tfoe.
Tile_, ~ fo il ~ by ci"WW lot fllllltf 1111t t11oso f-betlns wttll
tM c:rw !Miller 111411"9 ~rt iC»l lr soctfoes of tile fo,. to YIMCIIII C,_
......,, hell socttoe Is dlscussH. re-.f-.1 , IJid .... ttUII tllll e 111 tile fiel d .
Tile c:rw Iader Is tUPOMiblt f or cmpf ll ~~g Hdt of tile a.pl etod soc ~!
_. all"t S8J"e 1 11 f i eld tnforwtt loa Is CCIIIP lttH before I HY1 "9 tile s i te.
T1te accns toel"9 of art lftcu Is CCIIIPi tted ta tile l aboracory. •t tile ba se
c.p, or blct It tile lllltwers lty of Ai nu ~-. Tills pi"'Ctn CCNI$I SU of
arti fact tl HII I"9, l abellltf, cataloguing, 1nd ~CU "9. Eatensht scrubbl"9
and IIIUllf "9 of tilt ,..,,,, h dhccurage<l btuun of polish build up and
poufble ~91 to edges . Arllf1cu lrt gently n •Obtd cl un wi th f l ltfln o r 1
fl110 brush to 1llow fo r ldlftt fflcatlon of to,. 1111 lithic riW .. terta l c,pe
lnd to 1 llow for hbell~~g .
3-9
. . ) '-.
. -.. .a:.·~...._... ---.
A UnlwenftJ of Aluka ,.,.sa:: accasslon nuaber .tllcll ldenuffes tiM sfta alld
tilt illdlw1Ml artifact ,.,..,.,. are appl t td to tile specf..., wftll 111t . The
atalogue .....,.,. Is tMII lfttlrtd Into tile artlfac;t eetalogue for
,_bsaac:e sites. The eetalQ9V41 h OI'9Aftlud by site wftll tilt Unhenlty
of Aluu ~~~-accession IIUIIIIer aftd by t~t AlliS s i te ftlllllbtr alld s1ta
-· If py. Addltl0111l lnf-tlon reeordtd for taell site 111 tilt utalogue
Includes : data catalogwd, -of exuvator(s), -of eetal~r.-of
c:rw .,....rs, eftd -• or lftdhlduals clltctlng tilt reeordl "t. El~ uta Iogue
....e.r Is recordtd In s~nc:~ on tile sit' page(s). Next tilt IIICIIYIMl
c:atalogue ....,.r, specl-.n description, pi"'venlenn, txc:ava tor's In itials,
dltl excavated, and a.cldltf0111l notes ebout tilt specl..,n IN: rtc:Grdtd . The
fo,.t of tilt cetal191f boot Is shown In Fl911re 3.15.
After tile specl...,s ere cete i Q9V«, tllty art tlltn packed alld stortd for tuy
access. Storege Is organlztd by site. Vlthln eedt site, specl•ns art
organlrt<l by test p i t end sllowtl test.
3.5 -Site O.scrfptlon
~ stu fdlfttffltd by rteonn~ls sanu leo~l ttst Is descri bt<l I n APOrt forw
111 tile ff111l APOrt . Drefu of tllne reports art wrftUII I n tile fltl c! bllt
c.11111 elld I"'YI -" by a field supervisor. Modification .. , bt ,._lrtd oo!ltn
sulls-t artifact '"d sotl /st<ll-.nt enelysu are collduct_-.1 . Elell s i te
APO.rt c~tiiM tiM following I>I"'O.cl t f l\ds o f lnfo,..tfon : site
l dlfttfflcetfon ; site l ocation ; s.ttlno: levtl of tutlng ; artl ftct l ftvtntory;
and site Qp. ~ese report~ 11"1! blst<l upo n l nfo,..tt on contllntd oft tiM site
forws .
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Tile loc:.ttlon or' the sltt refuwnced to the U.S.&.$. 1:63 ,360 sc:tle topogrtplllc:
•P• tJie 1m! rndlllfs, l at1Wde, lOIIfltiHII, tOWIISitlp, ra~~ge , •ri dlan, and
quai'Ur nctfon are t lso listed. Tile s1tt l oc:ufon Is also rec:onltd In "rtNI
fo,. slldlu , •approd•t ely 9.4 bl nortlt of Ou-.n Cl"fttt Mcutll on til<! ~t
~~ant .•
n. tcologlc:al llttl llf of eac:lt site Is dlscvssed In do!ttfl lnd IIIC:Io~
lnf-tfon on 910frapey , geology 1nd Y~ta tfon. Att.r the ecological
Mtt 18g, a desc:rf ptfon o f IIGw tile s Itt was In I tlal1,. loa ted tnd subslqueftt ly
t.an111 Is p!'tieltld. Till s dftcrfption b foil~ by an ~rtffac:t lnYifttory
t*fc:lt f ... tlffts tile .....,. and t~ of 1rtffac:u u •II at their "'-
rtrat1 rrllllll c: o,.,..llftCI.
3-11
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..-...J S .t.. 1-" ~ ' .. ,_ .... ,_,... --
0 .... I ""-.s... •• -p(-.(0 " -UI
0 1"......., !..-:~-!AT~ .,~ 'tn"""
I /J:ISa. .. , ... • ~_llb/tA .
La "' #Mit.. . ,. ;......
0 L~ ~a.~-. "'~~~ /lloe&Jt
. AliT AIM ........ ._,
1........., • c.---~ u ,
~ .. 11\or 101 ~-~ lu~ ...
.,..., I Is LI..AotML -~~
~~ 1_ ... .......... "'"' ~-----t...-.: »0
0 ~,.: ~~ ~ ..........
!'l!oll ,... loe.ll-t.A ~ (.11116 IRMC
l t&l A ... .... 1!Sl ...., ... I!UU'
0 ~ . U6 , ~«,.,.~ "nl I MrDID
I I ~• ... ~
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Flqu re 3.1 ExaJ'I)!e of llarrlt!ve Fo ralt Page
3-12
"
. ' ... . i
. " . . ..
" ' .. ... ..
' " .. .
" . ' .. ' . .. " ' . ' . . . .
" . " I . '
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. ' ... .. . .. .. . . .. ' . .
'
' '' . . . ' : ' . . .. . . ' '. .
'
Sl!ovel Tu u :_ L
Surface IKo nnahnnce -----METERS
Sub1urface Tilts -·-··-·-Contour Interval: __
He11copur Landing Zone u Quadrangle:
T, __ ,, R·--··-·"· Suney Lou le _louadlrJ ----Sec ._
'hovel T••c•r 151
Surt•c• ltle ~nn..t•••..nc•
SUD eurt.ace Te_ac•
He Uc:opeer t...r.dl r.r; :on•
Sur \.'9 Y LoCAle u· DoundAty
JGO 600
I ~RS
contour !neorv•.l: 100 !t..
Tal.k•et.n... :1u. C-2
7 . 10 !:., r.. 10 r .. S.ll.
s l : i 1. J Sac. 1-2
: 1 ~ St 11'4 SE l /4 Sec . 11
Figure 3 .4 £xamplc of Completed Survey locale H1p
3·15
UT~II ,. ......
I
tO t O
... c, ••••
t A ' . .. I I
""' I Q,,Hft • b.. Lu,.
'14 .. 000 . ....
3-16
• • • I ....
LONGITUDE
Figure 3.6 Te~~~~late for ~tennlnl ng latitude and long itude
3-17
...
10 ..
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flgu~ 3 .7 Exiepl~ of Shof~l T~st E1p.,sfcn With Sing le Sho v~l Test
Wi t h Cu ltunl Klt e rlll
3-18
1
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Flgun! 3.8 EJru:pl e of St>ovel Test upans ion With Multiple Shove l
Tests With Cultura l Haterfal
3-19
\~
'"" I 1
'ilrt:l=C === =
,..... ______ _
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b~ ------------
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Figu r e 3.9 Arti fa ct Collection Sttmp
3-20
II
l ___ WALL
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Ff t1ure 3.10 EJf"'!!l~ o·f Trst Pit Profile
3 -2'
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I
I
IIAP S TMBOLS
Surf•ct Art1 fac~
Oepnsslon
Previous Se a son Test Pit
Previous S.•son Shove l Test
Spn~ca Tru
O..r f Birch
Birch Tru
Mi nh
Strna, Cretk
Oe adt•11, Down Tru
&AM Tra il
Deflated Ar ea
loulct.n, Rocks, Out c rop
lnttratd l ate Contour
Survey Mo n-nt
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.
... ---·-~·
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+
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* 0 a
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, ......
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~· 0 .·h····· • 0
0
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J
Test P1t 0
Random Sllo•1el Test 0
Grid Test: w/ Artifacts e
Grid Tes t: Sterile 0
Sf te Datum x
Dwarf Bf rch
Spruce
f'W
0 10
METERS
Contour lnterval:l_m
Quadrangle : TLH 0-3
T.l2.Ji· ,R.7 _E,·, _L.H.
~I/4J1tl/4_ID!.I/4, Sec ._li
Figure 3.13 Example of Reconn •tssance Site Hap
3-24
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0 11-l I c-o l P-er-I
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Ftaurt 3.14 Photo log hmat
l -25
U,_ ~10~ ~UM9fQ. J,! .. , ..... ,S
AKt.S S.le tJu~ TY'I 31!
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Wl~"tl~-4 ~15 u.wuttl "* AAC.~. I .P.1 n.~
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c-.aw.a •v A. r',ou!4
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Fl9unt 3.15 EA a.p le of A ~t l ftct Ctt1l09ue for Aeco nnt lss•~ce Si tts
3-26
,
\
4 -SYS~TIC TESTING
4.1 -Introduction
Tbt purpose of syst.-.tlc testing Is to test sites located du~lng the
n!COIIftlfsSince l evel s:vney In oN~~ to collect sufficient "ta to tcklress
slu specific awd/o ~ regional slgnlffcai!Ce awd pot~tlal eligibi lity to the
llltfOntl Reglstt~. Th fs testfng h tflltd ~~d the develo~t of "ltf gatlon
••su,.s and a general •ltfgatlon plan fo~ sites that will be adversely
l~cttd by tht Susltna ~roe lectrlc Project. Syst~tfc testing provides
data on sucll par-ters as deptll and IIUIICer of cultu~al CCJIIPOllents, artifact
densl~ awd dlnrsl~ wflldl are all ~rt i Mnt fo~ assessing slgnlflcanu.
Sitts t o be syst-tlcal ly tested tre p,.lorf tfzed on the basts of l iipact
status and t llalr potential to answer specific resear ch questions.
In tilts sedlon, the step by step p~ocedures for syst.-.t lcally test i ng a sltt
uod OJ"9lnfzfng tile dlti f nto I report fo,.t Is outlined. The tasks Include
site •PlJing, square location, ucavttl on procl'dures, d.tta recordi ng.
cata loguing, and site description.
4 .2 -Si te Mapping
Prior to syst.-.tlc tesT i ng a .,oping crew Is dispatched t o rht site to state
a g~ld system on the g~ound. The s take s a~e Nrked with grid s yste«~
coordinates to prov ide hcrlzonta l control for test squ1re layout. Elevation
re1dl110 s at tbe grfc coo r fl nate ~ aid ill tbe preparation o f J contQUr up for
t he sltt, u ~~~ n p rov id i ng vtrt lc~l control fo ~ s l tt ellcantlon . The
4-1
.,
Mppfng crew fs equipped with a 20" transit, stadia rod, •trtc tapes, woodetl
sut.s. and flagging tape.
(a) 6rld Lqout
Tile tnltfal SUp l r. laving out a -:Pid systa fs to ntablfsh 1 grlcl datua,
Which Is norwlly It the s-point as the sfte datu• established during
I recOMitswnce testfng. If the site d.atua ts s f tlltted It a point Inconvenient
l for the est.a.bl tst.tnt of 1 grfd datua because of surrounding topographic or
vtgetltfOll cOllstralnts , the site grid dltua ts IIOYed to 1 .,re suitable
locatfofl wlllch will provide 1n ur.ob.structed view along the blselfnes with 1
•tnt-of set&.ps or vegetation rt~~Qval. The site grid dltUIII consists of
either a •tal spike or a wooden state wtth a natl Inset. The dltua
reprwunts both the central point of the grid n wtll as a verti ca l reference
point for the site.
Both north-south and ~4st-west baselines extend through the grid datum. As
far as practical, baselines are oriented a l ong t ru e cardinal direction . lr'he n
the terrain has 1n o r i entation that cannot be acco-.,dated by 1 true
north-south or east-west baseline, the basehnes will be rotlted accordingly .
Tile orlentlatlon of the gl'l d Is estab lfshed with reference to true north (TJI ).
A .. gnetic declination of 28 degrees east of north I s employed as the project
st.1ndard. llfth an •ng}e o f 28 degrees l ocked on t.ht t r a ns f: telescope, the
transi t I s directed to .. gnet lc north and the basep late locktd t o the tri pod .
The l nstrunent I s then oriented tn the required di rec t ion, noting the
direc tion and -.znt o r devf &t lon fr011 t ru e north. Afte r the or i enta tion of
the grlci Is est.abllshed, cool'dfnates of the gri d dattnr are ass i gned such that .. ,
1
1 tilt site falls within the confines of the northeast quad rant of a large
-. "f .. ginar,y• grfd. A designation of NlOO/ElOO is assigned to the grid datum.
l
J
Tht Alaskl Heritage Resource Survey (A~RS) site number, the grid coordinates
of d1tu., and grid north (GN) orientation are engraved upon an al~inu. tag
1ttlched to the datu..
(b) Staki ng Procedure
Basel ine~ along the NlOO and ElOO axes are -arked at 5 • or 10 • fntervals
depending on sfte size, by placing a 12 -24 inch wooden stake at t he required
dfstance and pounding it into the ground until stable. All distances along
the baselines are .. asured horizontally with metric tapes and are double
checked for accuracy. Plu.b bobs are e~ployed for accurate plactMtnt of each
grid stake. The stake I s marked at the exact Inte rsect ion of distance and
aHg.-ent with either a black wate rproo f ink dot or a nail, and checked once
the stake has be~n driven Into the ground. The dots or nails provide accurate
setup and sighting points for extending the grid. Grid coordinates, e.g.,
N99/[gg, are recorded on two sides of the stake, unless loose sofl or th ic k
vegetation obscure ft, i n which case the coordinatP.s are marked upon thO!
plastic flagging tape placed around the stake for easy visibility. Additional
lfnes at right angles to the primary baselines ar~ staked as needed to provide
control for laying out excavation square s .
(c) Vertical Cont rol
Vertlc.al control for the grid Is established with transit and stadia rod by
taking elevati ons at the top and 9rnurn! •urface of each 9rfd stake , as ~11 as
4-l
..,
011 the fi"'UNI su~fltt It UIISt.lted grid CA)OI"dlllltes off the NHliMS. T1tt USt
of trld cool"dlnltts 1llows quiet dlttrwlnltlon of locltlon fo~ st.1dl1 rod
pl1c.~e~t, tfflcltnt .applft9 In the f1 t l d, 1Ad r1pld t~•nsfer of points for
d~lftfnt of tilt contour Np. Addltfon1l eltvltfon rtldfngs •rt t.lktn 1t 1111
topognpltlc ftltllrt or brttt In slopt. All rttdfngs lrt rte:Qrdtd fn the field
nottboot ICCOI"dlft9 to I forwt IPPNr lnt In Flgurts 4 .1 IIICI 4 .2.
For conve~~ftnee, tht sftt Ytrtfcel dltw Is ll"llftr~r·fly set It 0.00 • It tht
top of tilt grfd dltw st1k1 or the hfglltst point In the lncale. A t1111110r1ry
lletlcll •rt (Till) NY N tst.lblfshed by pl1clng 1 n1ll In 1 trtt or Nrklng
1110ther perwnent ft1tllrt ne1r the site. Tilt eltvltlon of the TM rtllthe to
the grid dltw h rteorded fn the field notebook.
(d) "-P Construction
After tllo! NP CrtW fs finished with field toOrt It ~ ptrtfcvl lr site, tht
tltYitlon of the ground surf1ce It e1ch grid cMrdlntu ctn N cooeputed by
subtnctlng (or I n s-cests ldd lrg) the stadl1 rudl ng (I n the •.• col.-,)
fro-the lnstrwent lltlght (HJ) (see Figure 4.3). Tilts~ ~l e•ttlons 1rt thtn
tr1nsftrrtd to tilt 1pproprf1tt point I~ the grl" systs n Npped on 1 sheet
of gnpll piper. ,. .,1•~ ovtrlly Is phctc! over the plotted Ntr1• of polnu
with thtlr ISSOCiated tlevtt lons, and contour li nes dravn by lnterpo l ltl ng tht
contour l nttrYil ( .5 • or I •l fro-tht e lrHIC!f'l or •dJ•cent grid
coordlnttes . Tht locttlon of reconnl l sstnce tes t p its , shove l tests, 1nd
oth~r rtlev1nt ftlturts ue "!corded In the flelc 1nd eventutlly trtnsferred
to tilt contour NP. Tht Np Is fl e l" clltdl!d before be ing flullzed. All
tXIMPl' of 1 c~leted site ~p Is Illustrated In ftgur, 4 .1 .
.,
• I
1
"1
1 .,
1
4.3 -Sc!ufre LoutiCift alld Set Up
Loutlon a lid llllllber of 1 • x 1 • test squares wfll be est1b 11 shed Ill sed on
lnfoNitfCift "-rKCIINisunce test1np alld addltlo111 l tnforeatlon ~ to
ICktress specfflc questions of s i te stgnfflcance . If sl"te size has not been
•tel'llfned during reconNisunce testing by shovel test ex pansion (ste Chaptl!r
3), t11e11 tJIIs procedure wil l be cc.pleted prior to laying out the test
squares.
llo~W~11y, It least tbree squares are la td out In a chec~erllcMrd pattern tn an
arM of llttfl arttf1ct cleflsft.y, u dettnlfned by reconnalsunce testing (ste
Figure 4 .4 fOf' an Ullllllt of tilts pattern ). llhen approprf1te, -of the test
squares -.y tncorpor1tt tile reconnaissance test pft. Additional squares 111
be placed a4jace~t to tilt orl gfr"'l squ1res or ouUide tile hfgll dtnslt.y 1rea u
de-.d necuury.
ln eost caws, the test squ1res 1re laid ou t by the .,Plll"9 Cf"ef using 1
transit, otherwise s quares 1re triangulated In f,r011 the prt·estlbltshed sfte
grfd stakts by tile excav1tlon c rew u,slng eetrfc tapes . Euh squire Is
ldtntlfltd by the grid coo rdinates of I ts SV corner , e.g., ~g/[99. A test
square dltue to 1!<1 In vertical co ntro l during e1eavatt on Is a lso estlbltshed
by tilt .,pptng c"" I n a convenient comer of tilt squu'l!, a~ In eost casts
wfll also be the po int of highest elevation adj ac~nt to tha square. The
elevation of the squ1re d1tue In refereoce t o tilt elnatlon of s i te chtua,
e.g., -0 .5 •· Is .,,ked on top of the squa re dttue sttke . During exctvat ton,
all depth eeasureeents ~r~ t aken fr~ th~ squ ar• datu• stake .
•-s
I
j
1
1
1 ..
4 .4 • Excave~fon Procedures
It should be -.phas i Jed that systematic testing fs still pri .. rl ly 1 testing
phase. Although the goal of sy steaatfc testf ng fs controlled @xcavat fon ,
~11119 sllould proceed with s-speed until cultura l aterf a l Is
IIICOUnttred. A grut deal of t l llll! Is not spent r@Cordlng data from sterile
tests .
Excavation is done In natural stratigraphic units whenever possible. When the
s tratfgriJII\)' Is not dlscemab le , excantlon Is carried out fn arbltra.ry S a.
l evels. Each quadrant of the souare (!IV, NE. SV , SE) Is dug nparUely. In
-ost cases, excavati on of a stratl9raphl c unft f or the entire square, I.e .,
a ll qu,tds, wfll be c-leted before continuing down t o the undtrl.)'l"9 unf t .
Exctvttlon should cont inue fnto the glaci al drift , wh ich us ually fs reached fn
tilt proJ ect trea at • dlpth of tbout so -75 c. below the surface . All
s of1/sedfllll!nt excavtUd ,,. tile tes t square is scr~ through 1 1/8" IIII!Sh
SCr"ten .
All cultural •terlal, with the possible ex ception of UIPnN lly altered rock
within 1 large feature, Is coll ected and bag9ed by stra t igraph ic unit •~d
aued ra nt withi n ea ch test square . Diagnost i c artifacts, l arge bone f ragments,
Identifiable bone , a ncl Isolated flakes. a re tnree point provenlencee , using
the syste-descr ibed below, and are Individua lly p l t t Pn within a coin envelope
and th~n within the approprhte cuad bag f or a partlcuh,. stratigraph ic unft .
Lithic or boN! c l u.surs should also be three pol11t provenienc!'d, collec ted and
....
1
1
I ~
:1
bapcl u a Wilt, 4Jl4 thtll plac.ed wfth t.11e approp riate quad bag. Olll'COil
,..,," are also tllrft point prov~nl enced, and c arefully collected by ~~
and wrtpptd In 1 double shHt of al.,.lnUII foil befllr~ being bagged In a
zlpl~t bag. A radiocarbon field ~r Is assigned to e~ch of t.llese s.-ple ••
e.g., CSZ (artlon ,..,,, 2). £~ell coin envelope or bag Is sUI!ped (see Flgul"'!
3.9), so tlllt 111 tile nKtSSiry lnrorwtlon tri ll be I"'!Corded. Slllll lltnlc
dtbltage rando-ly scattered throughuut the quad, cnllectable thena~lly Altered
rock, and artlfactual •terl a l recovtred fro-the screen are bagged In the
appropriate quad bag wftllout bel"9 thrft point provtt11encad. Then 11"1! In
tum placed In 1 ltrgtT bag containing a l l the Quid bags for a PArtlculn
strttlgrephlc unit, 1nd then In 1 still larger bag cont1fnlng all t~e material
fro-• PArticular test squ1r~. Because ertlfact bags are brought back fro-
th~ site at the end of a day's woTk, a MW scr 11"1! bag should be started each
.,rtllng for squares stfll bel ft9 excavated.
Soil/tephra sa.ples are collected fros each SQuare. A good s a~le
,_,resetlng each unit ldentfffed In the son description and depleted on the
profile should be collected, and the vial labe led wi th the site, square, and
stratlglphlc unit nunbers plus the date. Field numbers are also assigned to
these s-.ples, e.g., SS 2 (soll/sedl•nt s~le 2). Addltlo~l sofl s~les
•Y be collected fro-features or ehi!Where In the square u deterwl ned by the
supervisory persoMel.
~-l
... ...
(b) Thl"ft Point Proven lenu Systs
In the tl!l'ft point provenience systs u.s~ by the Uni versity o f Al a s h "u-,
th• following .-easursents are uttn I n centt~~eters and recorded on the coin
envelope or bag In which the artifacts are plac~:
If • distance f r 0111 the .!!!!!!!! wa 11 to center nf artffact
E • dt .stance fr0111 the,!!!!! wall to center of artlhct
0 • depth of artifact -this measurement Is taken at the Intersection
of a .-etrtc tape extendlft9 fi'OIII the artifact base to a s tring wi th
atta~ line l evel eatendlft9 from the square vertica l datum .
4 .5 -Data IIKordtnq
In addltfon to the ~troventence data rKOrdtd on all coll ect ion bags, pertinent
dati Ire 1ln recol'dec! In ff-.ld nottboots , on profile drawings, and by
photo-docu.entat1o n of the site as It Is be ing eacavated. Each of tht~e types
of data recording are discussed below.
(a) Field Notebook s
In order to Insure the quality and comparability ~f field notes ta ken du r tng
systematic test i ng , a se t o f qulde ltnes which sta~da r1 tzes the recording
procedures Is iocl uded In tach fie l d notebook. After the excavator Is
USI9"fd a test square , he/s he Is rt.spons1ble for COIIPi t tlng: I ) a ltorlzontd
p lan .. p; Z) narrat ive discussing soil/se~1aent, general artifact
d istribution .
------
fe.turts, ftc.; 3) ·~ ~rt l fact descrlotlon; ln4 4) c14 sa.ple ~scrlpt for.
for.!!£!! of t,.. --~rat fg raphfc units e>tcavatect. If, for ~xa.ple, tllere ~re
six strulgraphlc Jnlts "lth>n a particular square , then six sets of dlta
slteets (plan up, narrat i ve, etc.) would be COIIPleted In the field notebook.
Elra~~~ples of tile for1ftlt for each of tile da ta s heets plus the guidelines to aid
In recording appe.r belo ... If necessary, In addition to this required
tnfoM~ttlon, the excavator will also reeord ~6mments about thP. site as a
whole , the envtro~ntal setting, possib le Interpretations nf the data, etc.
on separat,t sheeu In tile field noteboolt .
(f) Pia~ Hlp {Ste FlgurtS 4.~ and 4.6)
llf9fnnfng with t1te ground surf~ee, the horizontal plan .. 0 Includes :he
following fnfo ,..tfon: 1) surface e lentfon I n cent1•~rs ~l ow square dat1111
{a ll points fnd fcttl!d on the pla n aap olus any add i tiona l ones necessary to
portray surface ~rphology ): 2) vtgetat lon: 3) pertinent features .. tthln the
test square , I.e., surface nposures , reconna issance test pits, sur,face
artifacts , etc . Additional plan maps according to the format Illustrated In
Figure 4.5 shoul d bt made for the top of e~ch stratigraphic unit excavated,
using the standardized set o f s~bols I llustrated In Fig ure 4.6.
{II) Harratlve I S.~ Clgure J .l )
The purpose or thfs dlta rtcol'dl~ sheet Is to g ive a concise s-ry of the
~oll/sedllo!nts, lrtffact dls •rlbut iOI!, featu r~~. and ooss f bl e dlsturblrce
no~d 111 • partfc:v lar strat hJ r •phlc unit after I t llu been ucavaad. Key
4-9
words 'houl d app~ar In th~ left-hand coluan as In the ex.-ple l l lu,trated In
Ff911~ 3.1.
(lf1 ) Artifact ~'c r f!l t fon (See• Figuns 4.7 ar>d 4 .8 ~
A 80~ deta i led descri ption of Indi vi dua l artifacts yfth tbrlr ~xact
provenience I' !"Korded according to the fo!'llllt of Figu re 4.7. Guldellnu for
f i lling out each of the colu.ns on the sheet are gfven In Fig ure 1 .8. Refer
to Apper>di.-'!~ ~ ar>d S for aid In dete,.1n lng rock and •lneral eypes, and to
Apper>dlx 6 for definitions of lithic ·r tlfacts.
(l v ) c14 S~le ~scription (See Figures 4.9 and 4.10)
When charcoal Is en countered In the test square during excavation, a sa MPle Is
collected, particul arly when the sample fs l.arge enough for radiometric dating
and Is significan t for dat i ng archaeologica l or geological levels . A field
~-~r (CS ·carbon s.-ple) Is assigned to each sample collected (e.g., TlH
016 CSI ), and a permanent accession number later Is given to t he sa.p le In the
lab. Pertinent f nfo ... t lon to record on the d.ata sheet (Fi gure 4.9) ts
outl ined In FIIJitre 1 .10.
!v) Addit ional Reoul,._,.ts
Field suoervlsors or c~ l'!ade r s have the add i t i ona l res P"nsfbfllty of
recordi ng data pert inent to the •lte as a whol e, such as :he ex cavator of eath
squ are and the elevLt ton and locat io~ of each sa uare 's datua . A ~ketch r~p of
th~ placeoent of the sauares Is also ~de. See Figu re 4.11 for the fo~t In
O.J(l
'-
-· I
recording these data. Keepl ~g a record of the field number~ t~th for
radiocarbon samples and soil/sediment samples Is anothPr responsibility of the
field supervisor or crew leader.
(b) Soil/Sediment Profiles
Sofl/sedlllll!nt pr')ff les are drawn for each wall of a te st square after
excavation of the square Is complete. Prior to drawing the profiles, th~
excavator, In consulutfon with !he field super•tlsor or crew leader , jeflnes
the stratigraphic unfts to be dr~wn and assigns them a numerical designation.
Subunits are gfven alphanulllf'rlc designations. The provenience of artifacts.
charcoal, soil/sediment samples, rodent burrows, P.tc., should also be
l Identified on the profile. Before the actu~l drawing begins, a horizontal
"'1
I
baseline Is e~tabllshed for the wall b~lng profiled. The baseline can be set
either on the surface directly above the wall (usu ally •t the same elevation
as the square dat1.111) or on the centra I port !on of the wa II. In the latter
cue, th1s lfne should be set at a 10 em increment below the test square datum
for ease of measurement, and positioned by runnln9 a string with attached line
level between two nails set in the corners of the wall at the approprl~te
depth. A vertlcdl reference Is set by suspending a plumb bob from the SO em
mark (the. midline) at the top of the wall to be drawn. Vertical reference
11 nes are a I so etched f nto t he wa 11 at the 25 em and 75 em marks, thus
P.S tablfshing five vertical references from corner to cnrner across the wall.
Once theSP. references marks have been establ ished, the e~r.avator can then
proceed t o measure the depth of each strat igraphic unit , taken in centimeters
below the sf te datuM at the top of each unit, ,eginning with the surface.
4-11
_ .. ---· ---
T'hele dau are then reco~ on graph pap ~r as dots orting tilt app,.op,.late
d~ths ~low square datu. (see Fl gu.-e 4.1 2), and the actual ll~s ,.eprelentlng
b~aks betwHn the s trna draVII by using tiM! dots as guides. On one 10 ca
col_, of tlle profile, s}llbols ~p~se nting tile sofl or srdl~~tnt present
(sundardlzrd s,YIIbols to dep ic t the tephra units, organic layers , etc., are
Illustrated I n Figure 4.13 ) are driWII In to help key the pr..,f lle dra•l ng to
the solltsecU-ent description. 1M excavator Is also respons i b l e for
~ordlng s oll/sedl~~tnt Orscrlpt lons , referenced by stra tlgr,phlc unit nu-ber
to tiM! units depleted In tiM! profile. The fonlilt usrd for recording this
l nfonutlon fs Illustrated In Flgu~ 4.14, and t.he guide to aid In ~cording
In Figure 4.15.
(c) Photography
TIIO 35 an cameras, one l oaded with color slide film and the other 11f th black
and white pri nt f ll•, plus 1 phot o log book are standard equipment for the
CI"N syst-tically test in g a site. The procedures for Identifyi ng ea ch roll
of ffl• when taking tJoe fi r st f,.ue a.-e desc r f~d I n Chapte,. J . A separate
log boot Is used for recording the photog raphs taken at each s yst-tlclly
tested site. The photos 1 1"1' record•d by roll nUIIber, frue, vi ew , and
description , ~nd a re take n o f the fo1101fing subjects In both black and llh i te
and color : I ) site area orlor to e~cav a tfon ; 2) dally photos show l rg
e•cavatlon In progress: 3) features, occu pat ion surfaces, plan view of each
st r•tlgraphlc unit before euantlon; 4) test squtre profiles • each of the
fou r •a i ls; and 5) air photos or s i te with cwo? lif ter long pa nel flags
placed along t.he s ite gr id for sca le. Vhen fe atures, stratigraphic units, or
profiles arr ~lng pho tograoh~G . • chalkboa rd or signboard Is set up to
4-!Z
1
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identify the subj~ct. The chalkboard should include the si t~ ~umb~r (AHRS
number), square, subject (unit or featur~ number), And date.
4.6 -Accesstontng
The aceessionlng process Involves organizing , cleaning, and cataloguing
artifacts dnd samples, which, ff at all poss ibl e, should be c~pleted in the
field lab. 8a.sically the sme procedur~s used for accessfoning material from
reconnaissance level testing are used for the s~stematlcally tested sites (see
Chapter 3). In most cases, however, much more ~terial Is brought fn fr~ the
syste-attcally tested sites, and thus requires more organization. A hierarchy
of steps Is used to facilitate the accessionlng process. These steps are
outlined on Table 4.1, and the cataloguing fo~t fs illustrat~d in Figure
4.16.
The question of when to assign an artifact an Individual catalogue number or
when to Include tt ~tth others In an artifact lot can sometimes be confusing,
so helpful guidelines have been devP.loped. One cataloiue r.umber can be
assigned to three different categories of artifacts: 1) Individual artifacts,
2) artifact clusters, and 3) artifact lots. The category of individual
artifacts Includes those wh ich have been three point o•ovenienced, flakes from
fla.ke lots recognized in the lab as bei ng modified or having other
characteristics which warran t thei r separation, and b~ne fragments which are
potentially identi f iable and have also been separated from b~ne lots fn the
lab. Artifact clusters wh i ch hav e been three point provenfenced tn :he field
and bagged separately are also given unique catal ogue number s . In other
words, each separate item in the cluster is assigned the same catalogue
4-13
... ...
nulber, so the cata logue afght read, UABJ-116-l -30 obs1dfan flakes (with the
three point pf"lven l ence of the cluster ao~arlng fn the catllOC}Ue entry). 1M
fl114l category , art ifact lou , lnclu~es flalru c;r bone frag~~Wt~ts wllfch were
collected fro-a particular quad but were not thre• ool nt proven l enced. Flak e
lots are broken down by materi al type (obsidian , chert, etc.) wi th ea ch type
receiving a catalogue n-r.
Labe :fng the artlflct (lithic. bone, or o ther) with the uslgn~ catalogue
ftUIOe r Is done directly on the arti fact wi th pen and In k unl es s the fl ek e or
bo ne fragment fs too sm4 11 to be labeled. The catalogue number Is al so
or fn ted on the cofn envelope or bag before the art lfact(s) Is rep laced In ft.
4 .7 -~Description
Each systtm4tfcal ly tested sfte fs described and evaluated. The narratlv~ for
each sfte desc ript ion conta ins the following major s ub-headings: t.estfng,
discussion, and eva luat ion. The n~r and plac-nt of te5 t squares are
discussed under testing, while the ujor booy of the narntfve -descdptfon
of stratigraphy, cultural COIIIPOnents and associated artifacts , featur!S, and
d~tlng -Is i ncorporated fn the discussion section. Determination of whether
the site warrAnts additional testlno and the significance of the site for
answrln~ soeclffc resur ch ou estlons (wt.en possible ) are fncluC:ed In the
eva luation section.
Figures ~nd tables are a lso Included fn the final repor~ to enhance the
qua lity of th-. site descript io". A sltP ~D (s e~ Figure 4.4 fJr ~·f~le ) and
• CCII:IO(ISftt profil e are twO 'l 1111 res 011\lch aopear In ~"" report for uch of the
systematically tested sites. Histograms show1"9 the frequency of art ifacts
per test square can also be Included for sites fr~ •hlch a gr~at deal of
cultur•l mate rial has been recovered. Tables which appear In the final report
for each site are the following: soli/sediment des c ri ption, artifacts summary
per stratigraphic unit, and faunal remains description. An artifact summiry
by square and stratigraphic unit and a desc ription of tool and too l fragaent.s
.ay also be I ncluded. A listing of the radiocarbon d~t~ Is another optional
table, usually only Included If many samples hav~ been dated fr~ the site.
Finally all field not!S, profiles, a xerox copy of catalogue sheets,
radiocarbon dating data sheets, photo log refe~ences, and copies of the
narrative, figures and tables from the final repor t are compiled and organized
In loose-leaf notebooks for future refe rence for all sites systeMatical l y
tested.
4-15
-
Table 4.1
Steps In t~ Accessfonlng Proce.s
1. Al l utftacts are caulogued btfo~ c14 and soll/sedf•nt sMp l es .
A. All a,..ffacu froa-squa~ •~ cau logu ed prior to stc rtfng on the
not. The oi'Ur In wltocll scual"ti I"'! catalogued ~pends on their gri d
coord i nates , and usu al ly proceeds foa~ west to east or 'ro-south to
north. For e.xU~~~Ie , test square N99/EI OO would be caUologued prior to
squa~ N99/EIOS .
8. All artifacts fron a particular strati graphi c unit In a squara,
beginning f ro-the top, are caulogued btfo~ procudf ng on the not
stratigraphic unit.
1. Diagnostic artifacts for each uni t are catalogued fi rst.
2. All three point proven fenced n tlhcts or utffac clusters a~
cata logued not, beginning with t~ ~~quad, then ·o the "E, SW,
and fln1lly the SE quad .
3. C)lld.,nt rafe~ced ftMS (wi thout 1 t h~e point provtnfence ) a~
cftalogued ntllt , IHtg l nn lng with the 1ft/ ouad and proceeding IS
above .
4. Art i facts ISsoc fated wi th 1 particular felture or afsce ll1neous
fUllS such IS theru lly a l~red rod ue c1ulogv ed after all four
qu1ds fro-the appropr i ate stratigraph ic un i t have beln
catalogued .
II . SU~~~I es ara cn1 logued aftu cata loguing a ll Jrtffacu .
A. ~dfoc1rbon supl es are the first t o be cau logued . Elch s Uip l t
Is given an Ind i vidua l catalogue rueber In add ition to the fftl d
,...r wh ich lias a l raad1 been assigned . All the fnfo1'101tlon
record ed on the Cl4 saap le data sheets, plus the date of drying,
the date stat t o Beta Anal yt ic (o r ot~e r la ooratory ) for d1tl"9,
1nd 1 SP'Ct for the age of tht uaple In rad ioc arbon ~ar s , should
be Inc luded In the cata logu e.
B. Soi l •no tephra Si801ts ara recordfd In the ca talogue by their
fi eld lllllltlers only. These su:p l es eventually u y be lncorpor.ntd
In t o tile collec t ion of .ustua's tephTochronology l ab, and
t herefore are not g i ve n Individ ual ca ta logue nucbe rs .
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..
5 • ~ ASSURANCE
5.1 -Introduction
The qu1lfty assurance progra. Is designed to provide control over the quality
of 111 aspects of the 110nltorfng prograe and ens ure that data ~nd reports
produced as a result of tht proj ect represent ouallty products.
5.2 -Organ i zation and Respons i bi lities
Project personnel consist of a principal Investi gator , ~sslstant principal
fnv~stlgator/p roject supervisor, r esearch assoc iates /field super visors, c rew
lttders, crew lll!llbers, and 1 support s taff of ~ec retar les. part-time
labor1tory assistants, student asslst1nts, and aw seu. techn fcl 1ns. The
organlutlon of personnel appens In FICJUit 5.1. The hiera rc hy o f
respons i bility Is gr1ph lcally dlspl1yed In the cha r t with each higher l eve l
be i ng respons ibl e for the lndlv l dual (s) bel ow .
The crew member Is at the Initial level of quality assu ra nce In t he data
collection proce ss. The crew member Is responsible for fo llowing established
guidelines for field procedures, re port preparat ion, and collect ions manage-
ment. The crew l eader supervises t he crew member s , Is respo n\lble f or assur-
Ing the quality ~r~ by the crew, and fo r the orde r ly t ra nsmis s ion of data and
doc~ntat lon In to the quality assurance sys tea. Fi e ld superviso r s ov ersee
the work oF their respect i ve crews, doc.-nt COIIIPlf ancf' "l th procedures, 1nd
sc hedule actlvltl~s for the e fficient at talnm!nt of project obj ec tives . Field
su perv i sors a l so coordinate lnglstfcs In th e field and arP In
....
die,.. of tilt field progr• In til~ abstne~ of tM prlnciPfl lnvestl91tor and
proJect supervisor.
Tilt prlnclptl lnvtstlgitor and usfstillt prfnclptl lnnstlfltOr/proJect
supervisor lllldl tilt dlrtCtlon and progress of -tlng proJect go,ls, and
-ltor qu11fty usuranee pi'OC!dures o"f field supervisors, ~rw le1dlrs and
crew ...eers . The prlnclptl lnvestlgnor and uslstint jlrlnclptl
lnvestfgator/proJect supervllor are rtSliOftSible ~or tilt lttil-t of tilt
proJect objectives. Tilly appron changes In proc.tdures and til~ quality
111urance process.
Su11t10rt persOMtl of secretirles, l aborltOrJ assistants, student uslstants,
and .,,_ tecllnlcl1ns 1re ustgMd tasks by research usoclltes/fltld
s~~pervlsors 1nd higher l evels of luthorlty .tlo 1re In tum responsi ble for
queltty ISSUrlftCe of tilt 110rt perlor.d It their requtJt. The ICtfYitfiS of
tilt IIIIIPOrt persOMtl Include adafntstratlon, report preptrltl~or., exped iting,
and ffle and collection .. ,.~nt. 54!cretar1es rtCord bud!ltt ellptl'dltures,
process purcllue orden, MlnUin tlllt sheets, and tr~11scrtbe reporu Into
fiMI forwt. 54!crttarles are a lso responsible for records """•~nt.
~~-technlcltns, In addition to other tuu •o wh i ch tilly •l9ht be
asslfftld, are responsible for the curatlon of oroject col lections and
gr~phlcs .
lndhfduals are lntroducecs to 1114 eouuted In tilt qu1ltty ass u r~nce progr•
ancl tilt hierarchy of responsibil ities by pre-field orientation sessions,
quality assurance ... t l ngs. and dur i ng the c onduc ~ o f quality review . Copies
S-2
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l
.,
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J
of tile proc.aures un~~al w1tll quality usun~tee .,-.Horlng proc'fdures 1re
pi"Heftt In Hch office or laborltory.
5.3 -.!l!!!.!.!!r. Assurance Procedures
(1 ) &enenl
"-ong the genenl qu11tty assurance procedures In effect for the project Ire
thoae concerned ~lth the Identification of fndtvldu•ls, the .. nner of
•ecoNtng elates, ld units of •nu,._t. At tile beginning of tilt field
SHSOII, :he -t ! tile ~~1 1nd tlltlr dlstfnctlve Initials will be
rtecwdtl'-Oltu •111 be recorded In tbe f or•n of _,th/clay/}'Hr, vhet.her
spelled out or In n-nl fol'tl. The uni ts of •asu~t will norully be
.. trfc . Tht only exceptions 1re those •asureetflts concerned with elevation
(e .g ., contollr lints on U. <;.G. s. qu.td .. ps) or when working with historic
strvctures or obJects In wh i ch tile colloquia l units convey special
stgnf flcance (e.g., 2 a 4 l!Jiber or a caliber of .357 ).
(b) Attendance
In Of"C»r to han 1 pen~~nent recoTd of the notifi cation of proudurecS, refU-
lltfOM, attendance will be tahn 1t 111 f'le4!tlng .s conurned with ch1ng.;s In
procadu res or the ~u1llty assur1nce progra~s. A.ong the sessions which wil l
b~ docu.~nted 1re lncStrvctlon In first afd, project orientation, and
helicopter safety, and ~•pons handling. Person~l wi ll be notifi ed of
changes I n prnUduru o r .,-.Haring pnctfces e l tlltr during -.tlngs convrnecl
for tlllt purpost or tn writing and will dc a-nt their knO'>fl edge of the
S-l
changes by roll call or by s igning an ~ttached s~t. Rec.1rds of notification
wfll be filed under the appropriat.e topic (e.g., helicopter ufety, ~connals
,.nce level testf~~g, ~c.) or, ff of a general nature, f11 the -.-randa ffle.
(c) lloUbooks
(I) General
Or9lnfzatlon of data ~orded In the field Is facllltned by the use of
1oose-1Nf notebooks. Page:s dNlf"9 wi th s~H i c surve." locales or sites a~
os11y sep~rated f~ lndl•lc*Nl notebooks and then ~.-q111lted I nto the
appropriate sur-Yey locale or site noteboot or file folder . This .. thod of
cc.plling data facilitates future ~search on the too l cs t hrough the con-
solidation of ln foMa~tlon fro. several sources Into a single location.
Se•eral quality assurance procedures are designed around this system of data
_,_lit.
Each field notebook has thl'ft prl•ry t""''Inents : 1) 1 gu i deline section
wllfch details the foMIIt for dati collecti on , 2) an I ndo which lists the
topic and page I!UIIber of eAch notebook page COIII!Ill'ted, and 3) blank notebook
pages staMPed with a data manag~nt heading. The guidelines section of each
notebook Is a scaled down version oft~ procedure s manual . Guidelines cover
the content and fonut of d1ta collected for suNey o f locales, ~o~~nalsnnce
lnel testing, and sys t-tlc test i ng . The use of 1 s undu'CIIted forut
USlll"H that all of the ~u l red l nfoM~~t l on Is ~o r'Cied I n the fiel d , and
that uch Individual's notes are of COIII)a r able ca.p l eteness ane qu tllty.
s-•
1
1
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"I
The second c011110nent of the notebook 1s an fn~x on wllfch the flldfvfdual ketps
1 log of tach pege COI!II I eted . All exa~~~Ple of an Indo pege appun fn Ffgun
5.2. Tilt 110tebook peges are !Uibend consecutinly as used and all 1'19" 111st
be 1ccovnted for fn the Index.
Tilt •Ill bo4)t of the notebook Is ca.prfsed o f 110teboot pages, uch sUIIfMd
wfth the d1t1 •nav-nt hudfng Illustrated I 'I Ffgure 5. 3. In the bl a nk
Spice after the hNdf119 "L.llule/Stte• the dati recorder entei"S the survey
lOCile or NitS .sfte IIUIIIber wllfcll fs the subject of the notes. Othe r -.Jor
hNdf1191, such es "Sus1tna ProJect 1984" which appears In Ffgvre S.J, •Y be
pliCed 011 tills lfne ..._, the subject can110t be exprused as a l ocale or sfte.
Tilt topfc being discussed fs entered 011 tile secolld lfne . Top fcs can be
narntfves on specfflc subjects, plln vi ew, artifact Inventory , sofl/sedlrent
descrfptfOII, etc. If tile pege fs dfscussfng a test (shovel , pft, or square),
tat dnl9"1tf0ft of the test and the lnel concerned (tf appropriate) are fden -
tfffed . Tilt~ of the lndfvldual, the date, and the I ndividual's page
I!UIIbe,r appu r 011 the tilt rd II ne. Each ,_ topIc In tile nates beg1 ns on· 1
Sf9trlte pege . For txMIP l t, whe n swftchf119 fn. descrf b ln9 artifacts to
descrfbfng c14 sa.ples fro-a particular stratigraphi c unit at a site, a new
pege Is used .
UPOn the conclusion of work on a local ~ or sfte, the pertinent pa ges are
~ frm the notebooks and filed togetbtr . Tab le of conttnts for tilt
col1ated peqes and tllet r source appear at the front of the fll l!s or 110tebooks.
Ex111ples of specific table of contl!nts aPIH'tr with the oualfty assurance
procedllres of tilt testl 119 progr-s di scussl!d below. After t.'W peges have been
col l ated for a specfffc survey loca l e or s ite, special pege nlfters In
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1 consecutive order are placed on tile line In the upper right hand corr.r. Tllfs
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procedu:re f~e l lftues file RN~t llllen worti119 wfrJI dlta f~ nrl01ts
sourcts wftll dup11clt1ons or 91PS In ~-1 page IUibers . C01111lettMn of
tile dot-ntatlon and Its confol"'llltlon lfltll project procedures 1s Indicated by
tile sfgMtures of tile t rw luder aJid f i eld s upervi sor .
( ff ) lletonna I ssance Leve 1 T es tf ng
IJpoft t01111let l on of 1 survey loc:~l f! or ret0111111ssanct level testing of 1 site,
crw IIIIIIIM"' notellooks PlfiS put~l n l llf to the loc:~le or s ite lrt aui!IID t td
by tile crew Ieeder end placed In the IP91'0Pr1a t e notebook or f fte folder. A
checklist for survey locale data s~ts {Figure 5.4) or site data sheets
(flture S.S) fs fflltd out one. all of the pages have llftn collec:ttd by
eter1119 tiM data ~rdtr's lnltfah and I nd iv idua l notebook page ~ I n
tile right-fluid col .-of tile tbecklist label ed "refeA~~ee". Onl y l nltfals
will appen opposite survey locale or sl t P foi"'IIS and llltPi as this l nfonut l on
Is. not recorded on nottbook paper.
Otller lnfo,.t lon to be entered on the survey loca t e c he c klist 1s tile AKRS
~r for s i tes located within the survey locale. I t I s a l so the respon-
s1 b1lfty ot the Individua l enteri ng data on t he s i te check lis t (usua lly tile
CrtW I ueer) t o cbetlt the 1 oca tf on of the s lte p l o t ttd 011 t he 111M •ster 1119
"'d other required •P'-lth en a ll lnfol"'lllt lon hu been entel"'!d, the c rev
leader signs and .dates the li ne labe l ed "Entered by ". A final c heck Is aade
by the field supervisor and pr oj ec t s upe rvisor , who a lso s i gn and da t e t he
cllett list If a ll Is I n o rdeT . l t ss out of t OIIP lfanc e are returi'W'd to the
respons i b l e party f or correc:t l nn I n a t fllll!l y •nne r .
5-6
1
, ...
-·---~-
(tlf) Syst-tic Test i nt~
The a.pflltfon of loon-ltlf pa ges prej)4red In the procus of syst-tlc
testing i s the responsloll l tY of the cr~ leader or tilt! individual In chtrge.
Tlll't!t checklhts are used to t!nsurt th.t ~~~ o f the IPPI"'Prfate lnfo,...tlon
have kef~ olltelned tNt ue pertiMftt JN9t!S Mn ~~~ collt!Ct~. i1le chec.t-
lfsts a l s o serve a s a guide f o r organfz l119 the Nterfal w1thfn each s i te
notebook.
The ff rst checklist, Illustrated Ill f igu re 5.6, ldtnt f ffes 111 of the geoer1l
diU rKOrdlng shHts requ11't!d for the site n a llflole. After these sheets
have been collected and placed In tht site notebook, t h-. Initials 1nd page
lllllllber of the l !ldlvldua l recording the fnfo,...tfon trt tfltered on the lndeJI .
To 1ssure proper AI DI~t of tlw diu, the col11tor signs tile "Entered by"
Hne . The lndfvldu1ls c.onductlng qu1lfty nsurance wfll sign the "Ch ecked by"
lints . lt..s not In confonnance ~re returlltd for correction while still In
the f ield.
In 1 sl•fl1r fashfl'n , the excnuor's lnftfl ls an d pa ge IIUI!btrs are entered
under the app rnprfate head ings on the check lis t for test square dati sheets
(Fi gure 5 .7). A check ! ist for profil es and soli dtscr'ptlolls (Figu re 5.8) h
a lso pl'epll't!d for tach square. Only the prof ll er 's fnltlals wil l 1ppe1r f o r
tilt! prof iles which 1re d rawn on lArge s heets nf ~ra ph pa per r1 ther than
notebook paper.
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After all of tM data siiHU lllln bMtl c;ollec:ttd end the fnf\!tls tnd pa~
IIUIIIM" rec:onltd, table of contlllts sf•ilar to tile cllecklfsts ,,,.. Mde and
~tfve site p191 IIUIIIM" assigned. Tile 110Ubooks are cllec~td for
ICCilf'OO IIMI ~~~~~~ by Ull ffeld SIIPI"'f sors, Wlo tllell sf~n alld date
adl dlecklhtJ~le of COI'tellts If a ll ts In Of'der. Atco~ tre \tpt of
~Huce ~~ to eMure t1•1y cornctfon •
(d) Artifact C.talOVUfl
Tlle f-t of Ull ert1fact catalogues tppured In F'fguru 3.15 f.'.cl 1 .16. In
cHir to verify Ultt correct accessfonlng proc,ectures lltwe been foll_., boUI
till crew l"*r and fftld supe,.,lso,. •st sign tllese caulCil"JIS. Tile pi"'ject
~,.,fsor -.y a ho relldollly clleck till entr-Ies u plr't of tile ovtra 11
~tori .. ,rouss etlld sllft Ull catalogues . Qullfty usur~~~Ce of till
cetl101111119 ...-ss fncllldes : nr"1ffcat1on of Mterlal alld ar'tfftct t ne,
cllecklllg -=-ts, catalogue IIUI!tle,. on tr'tfftct, ucl s-.plt:s stored acc:or'd l ng to
procedures . Subsequ111t clla•s In tile access ion book are accOIIPlfslled by
cross refere:ncfng the: It• being changed wf th the loctt ton of the co,.rect
fnforMtlon. The Or'1gfnel entry will neaa ln I n the cetalogue although It wil l
be Mrbd witll an ASterisk Or' sl•fltr' distinguishing S)IIDO I, Th h pi"'CCSS
ens:ures tllat cllll•s Clll be traced to u llldfvldua l and tl•.
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(e) Pfloto Lot
n. forwt of tilt photo lot appt~rtd in Fi9U,.. 3 .14. Quality anurane.
~rn COIICef'lth'!l pllotoft'aplls IIICiude dltcktng for corrKt lalltlt119 a.nd
fllt... All pllotllfrlplls ,..1-.c~ I• ~ l oca l e 1M slta rwpons '"
dlediM lflhtst t'lltrits ht tilt plloto log. A dtteQIIt systa for fll• botlt
tMIIrft tltat uttlqut roll IUIIbtrs art usigMd to t1lt fll• and ldentlflts the
rnponsible individual for CGIIPlttlng tlu! pltotogrlplt entries .
(f) su,..,~ Locale
n. dtslgn of tilt su"~ loc1le fo,. fs Intended to facilitate the collection
of CGIIPir&blt data on su~ loc1lts. 1M n~~~ts and Pitt IUIIbtrs of all
lndl•fduals hwolftd In tilt S llrv~ appur on the fo,., A C09Y of the fo,.
111Pf1N In ~fa 2. A diKtlfst of ,......,. locllts fs Pl"ffllrtll t1dt Stl.soll
to facllttate the sclttdlulfng of surv~ loca l e •P· air plloto wHit O'ftrlay, and
U.S.G.S. •ps . The survey locale fo,. w1tlt attacMd Nps and notf'book pages
lrt reviewed by a field supervisor for CGIIPltteness and accurancy. Upon
successful review, the fiel d supervisor v iii sign the f o,.. llotlboot pages
vtll be placed In a su~ l ocale notlbook vftlt 1 tabl e of c.ontents atld
dltd:ltst of the holdings for ucb l oca l e u I llustrateO In Figure 5 . 4. The
f o,. and attached NP a,.. flied I n fol ders. lloteboot pages art f li ed i n
specially Nrttd binders .
5-9
l (g) Site Recording
.,
1 A s i te fon1 (Appenclb l) fs used to sUIMUrdlu the fnfo,...tfon colle<t ed on
NCh sftt durfng rtconn1 fss1nce levl'l testing . COIIIPlete doc.-ntltlon of •
sftl consists o f t .ht fon~, • site toc1tlon .. P If the site ~s not 1ppe~r on
1 S¥""Y locele .,p, 1 site .. P of tile f-.dflte vfdnfty of the site, and 1
sol l/sedf.,nt profflt for Hch t est pft, ntrrltfvr pages fro-rtch crew
..-ber's notebook, 1nd 1 dr1ft nerr1tlve whfch wil l later be edited 1nd appe1r
tn tJie ffn1 l proJect report .
The foi'Wit of the sftt .. P 1nd the syilbols uud appe1re<1 n flgvrrs 3.11 1nd
3.12, respe<tfvely . Syilbols use d In the soll/sedf.ent profile appeared In
4 .13 1ncl the lnfon~~tfon on t heir cMncterlstlcs Is discussed In Fi gure &.15.
The locat·lon of the sf te fs tr1nsfered to the a l r photo over l 1y (If 1vaf llb le)
1ncl the U.S.G.S. Inch to the •fl • .. p. In the office, the site loca tion Is
transferred to the I!J9roprl ate U.S.G .S. aap wh ich llu been grldcled fo r tile
COIIIpUtltfon of UTM coordlnnes. UTM coo rdfnltes will be obtlfned to t!le
NY rest SO • usf ng the tMPIIte shown In Figure 3.5. This u.e ti!IIPl lte Is
used for detennfnfng the a lfquot loc4t1on of the sfte. A latitude/longitude
ti!IIPIIte (Figure 3.6) Is 1v1fhble for deten~fnfng the latitude and lo~~gftude
of the sfte .
After the sfte f orm and attac~nt s are conplete, the site fo rm fs signed by
the crew l eader and revte.ed by • field sut:ervlsor who wil l tt~s t to the
co.pleter-MS of tile docu.ent b;t \lgnfng In the designated loc1tfon. The
'ndfvfdul l field noteboot pages are collected and org1n l zed with a che~tllst
5 -10
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and Uble of 'ontents accordfr•g to tile fo,..t df!1crlbed above. The field
supei"Y1scr wfll check the locatfonal fn fol"'lltfon of the site for accuracy.
(h) Reports
All reports enter tile quality assurance systa at the level of their origin in
tile llferarc:h)' of pers-l. Thus, reports ~~~ by crw leaders are
revttwld by field supervisors and project supervisor and/or prtn,fpel
fllftStfgator. lnftfal and final drafts of reports are reviewed for accuracy
ud COIIPleteness.
(f) E'quts-nt Chec~
Slftsftfve equ fs-nt subject to calibration errors or •lsalfgM~nt are cheeked
for accuracy. lt..s Included tn this proc~ss are transits, altf~ters, and
COIIPIISM. lnn,_nts are cheeked and c11fbrate<l ecc,ordlf19 to ~nufac:tu .... r's .
specifications. Other equls-nt !uch as stadia rods and chains are cht<ke<l
for d ... ge and repaired or replaced as necessary.
Cneru are dlected at tile beginning of tile field season for accuracy of the
.. ter readings and through the tf.ety developMent of !11m. ca .. ras found to
be •lfunctfoafng are •rtt!d for f't!l)llr a~d will not be used until tile
probt-are corrected.
5-11
I l 5.4 • Oau Mlnaa-nt
"'
l (a) Ooc~nts
I~
In the field, all files will be kept in ~tal file cabinets . Files consist of
site fonas, survey locale for.s, and notebook pages wi th the pertinent
attachl.nts of .. ps, soli profiles, etc. Site flies will be organized In
-rica! order by Alaska Heritage Resource Survey nUIIbers st.artlng wltll sites
wltllln the Telkeatna Mountain quadrangle, tllen the Heal y quadra ng le. Survey
locales will be organized by the nUiber of the locale . When f i eld date files
have been cheeked by all appropriate personnel and are no longer needed In the
field, they will be shipped back to the University of Alaska Mus-In
Felrbanks.
!11 Fairbanks, files will be organized In the same .,.nner as In the field. Two
Sl!ts of datJ flies . will be kept. One copy will be kept In the offices of the
Archeology Depar~nt of the University of Alaska Museu. and anoth~r set will
be stored In another building or with in the University of Alaska Museua 's
vault.
All data are organized according to topf.c and flied I n folders or binders.
Haps and large graphics are stored In map tubes or specially designed map
CAbinets.
5-12
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(b) Collections
All ertlfecu will be gfv.,. • Ulltve"lty of Alula l'lus-ac centon ...-.r,
'"lttcl witlt ~t Ink covered wftll clear fluttve. All specfMfts will be
tfttered Into a cattlogue by site 1nd loettlon of origin. Specl-.ns will be
curttld In the fle1d to thl best of avtlltble condltto11s In a non-publte area.
Upoft trt~~altta l to tile lllllv""1ty of Alaskl ''"-· collections will be
Cllr'ltld Ill KCOrdlllce with •s-p~.
Tile Unl'fffslty of Alaska l'lus-Is dHigntttcl IS tile repos i tory for all
arttfects end supporting docu..ntetfon fn. ltnds -d or controlled by tile
Dlptruent of Ute lnterlor on tile federel ARPA per~~ I t for the Sus ltn1
~lectrfc fi"'Ject. Tile Unlve"lty of Alaskl l'lus-1s 1lso deslgllltld 1.s
tile f't110Sitoi'J' 011 die suta of Alukl pemt for trtlfacts IJid supporting
~tf011 collecttcl IS 1 result of tile Sus1tna /l)'drollectf'fc Project •
5.5 • ~ Assur1nce of ~
Oulltty usunnce end quality c011trol .. ,.,.h wi ll be reqwsttcl for a ll
~" used . This lncludH laboratories used for radioc1rt>on an~lysls . Only
those labs thlt can ~nstr1te an accept•ble oualfty assurance and QUillty
control progrAm will be used.
5-13
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5.6 -Internal Audits
(a) Schedule
Qllllfty aslllruce wtll -lly be assessed duri ng tile peri odic ~'~YIN of wrtt
In progrns and ,..,ort p,..,.rat1on . In onSeT to tftSllre tlllt q111 lf ty assurance
stalldllrds are et.and non-conforw1ng Item can be brought I nto c~lfance,
q~~~lfty auurance "hedu'es bne been cWte l opecl f o r t:he f i eld diu coll ectton
,t.ue. The followtng s d edu l e h the ux l-l ntenal bebfMfl aud i ts of the
date collectiOII procus . '11 field data wt ll be revi.-<1 after the f i rst -It
of fiel d wrtt In orde .. to l ~t tfy clef1c lenc1es and brl ng the qua lity
u~~m~nce proceu to tilE atUIItfon of ti l e~P loyees . Eve ry two wets
tMf'Hfttr, ~tetl on and proceclun!s wi ll be reviewed. TMse 1"t9Uitrly
sdiHuled IIIHI I U wt ll a ll ow for the correction of non-conforw1 t.g ~ntAt f on
and e~~s datA wllfle still I n the f i eld and on-site vis its '" st il l
pon l i>l e.
As docu.tnts are f ln lshe(, they wfll be e ntered Into t he qual i ty a s~u rance
PrG9'"• of rtv l ..,. Scfledlt l ed revlf!WS wi ll be ot' ao s t value for usesslng writ
In progress u correct10fts c tll be ude 1n a tfllll!ly unnt!r. A u jor f unction
of tile fiel d supervisors Is t.o u l nttln qua lity control of proj ect proc~res
tnd doc ... nutton. I n t he ctJ)lclty of oua llt y assuranc e revi ewers , fie l d
supervisors will ~t x ulne doc-ntttlon of s urvey l oca l e, s i te f oi'IIS, a nd
re l ated I t-as I t Is coro.p l e tPd.
5-14
(b) Confo~nce
Coftf-nte wltJI q~Hlf\r USUTIIICe pi"'C~rtS wfll be USHS.cf bUM upon the
procedures .. ..,., and profusiNIII standlrds. I~ not In confon~ance will
be retumtd to the responsible puty for corrective action. In order thlt 1
blctlog of non-confonalng lt..s not oevelop, Individuals will not be allowed
to proceed wttJI ,_ tlslts untfl a ll previous wort fs brought Into COI!Plflnce.
Sllou1d ft be f~$ible to brfng fUlls fnto cOII f o,...nct ckle to logfstfcs or
scbdulfng dffflcult1 es, the It-wf 11 be not.ct u deffclent and no reliance
U11011 the diU wfll be •de.
(c) Records
Tile sysU. of reQJrds •na~nt functions u an ln-plac~ ~tUion of the
quality assuTa nce • roc:us. All checkl ists and table of conunts for notebooks
hnt spaces dtvoted to recordi ng qu ~lf ty assurance. Elflllllllts of these s heets
appear In tht attAched figures. All data sheets not covered by th. bove
checklists/table of content.s will heve the fnftlal s of the preparer and
checter placed on the doculent I tself.
Citllogues such as the accession boot and photo log hue 1 special lncatfon
for docU~tntlng their rev i ew . All evidence of the review process res ides with
the Item. Thus, quality assuranc~ of the survey locale and site forms appears
on the face of the fon~~s . Notebooks have spechl pages fo r listing the i r
contents whi ch a l so f unction fo,. recording the ~few process .
5-15
--
Specie\ lilts •>' ~ prep~red for ~tfng COIIPH•nce of i tem which do not
hln • spece ,..served fer the ,....1.., proc:ess . Ill eaJIIIP l • h the revi.w of
tr~llhits resultlnt fro. fh11 l dr&ft1ftl . Clled:Hsu of ecces;ion end AlliS
l'lllllben ere prep~...cl in order to -~ the pote!ltlel for dup llcete
ldttltiflcetion ·~ ensure ordtrly reco.rd ~11t .
5-16
Secreury
Pr f ncfp l ~
lnvtstiptor
l
Autsunt P.l./
ProJJK~
Sllperrfsor
l
l
Resurch
Associate/
Field
Sllpervtsor
J_L
..1 I .l
lAboratory ,_,s_ Crew
Tethnf cf an ltadtr Asstsunt
1
C"" ...,.,.,.
ffqure S. 1 Sell-tic Orqa r •u t lon Chart
S-17
Part-tt•
Studtflt
Ass hunt
=
-n ,
i
I
"' I
;;
...., _.L_ .. s-... ~
,_
I , .... Jli~ll -0 ..... ~~. .... iw 0.. ... ~
111c.£ ~
0 ~0 -I •
I . ,..,...,., .. -Sne ~---.~ I e-1
0 7. /1cMI H Ill,. I!., l ~f 8 ·-4
3 '*'Mel ........ lt•5 .-«-1 .,.s ,s, --o-s-8--4
c. IJuw "' -"" !S"" !·s ., .... lit/#-I!Jff S ·•O-~.-s
e Nlttllkr .-... ~--II-'S
1 ~ II.,. MI. 5.-e-s
0 ~I ~.«AU!: (Zf
'I.
10 ~·~-~~"-~ 6-l-
0 TJ,jOf U.•
II -~ ~Pma) &·~ 0 12. p~~g~l.#.!. Uq uA -'TW Pirt f}-~
~~ ~~ .... .~ ,.,6.' l)·~
I I I I I j
Figure 5.2 uupl~ of lndt• I n rltld Notebooks
5-18
\:
Figur~ 5.3 Data Management Heading for Notebook P~ges
5-lg
i
~ •
' ....,
I a. , ... , .... ~--~ ~-"1-"""" 0 ..... .,.. ,.'"'
~ ~ -fl.
0 ~' i -
I
0 !
~-~ ~· --~ UIUii. -I
I.
I
ANM .
I 0 I
I I I
0 I I
fl.WNh 1
0 ~ML.U J!
I
I I I
I I ' I I
' I I
f i !JUI"e 5.4 Chec k list 't>~ Su rvey lOCI l e DIU Sllftts
5·20
( , ,
; .... , -r--.. , ...
n ' ~ ~
~ ~~ ~-=--ltwi\ .......
0 ..... .... "" II*
1 __.. l!lMI:. , ....
~1 0 _I_~
1 0
~1 !Sr.: bur . -Sm!,. A/1 ..
1 ~
~
-1 I
0 ~ ~-~· -~ OllfU. ~ • .
1 0
l
0
I ~~.,
I ~-~1 lot
l I I I
Figure 5.5 Checklist for Site Data Sheets (Reconn a issance)
5-Zl
,
" ,
.. 1
1
...., -:--.. .,.. .... ~ ..-;;; iT ·~-a-It
0 .... ... "'~'-
'lMftl ~
0 -~ J -...1 ~-1-.
FI.U. ,,
0 ,:CM,b treJw. /*'")
bniU.
0
0
I ~ !5I{
0 lc.lezu 1'1
f"I2U re 5.6 CI!Ktllst for Si u D•U ShNU (S}'l"ta.ttlc Testlf19)
5-22
, .
..---......, -~ -... .... r;;;'iiiii ~ ... =~I ......
0 .... ..... ....
:;;r· ---... :::" .,=. .,.,...
0
0
0
0
I &~WM ~ 0 I ~ ...
f't svre 5.7 CMdlfst for T~st Sc~u•~ 0.11 Sheets
5-23
1
l ...
1
J
l
...., -~ .. , ... .... -====-!:"'" r..,...:., .......
0 ... ... lllilll
~ ~ -= =---0
0
0
0
1-<.-...~ .. k 0 ~ !It
Ffgu~ 5.8 Checklist f o r Prof fl ~s and Sofl/Seo l ~~ent ~scrlpttons
5-24
::1
l Appendb j
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l SUSITNA RIVER ARCHEOLOGICAl. PROJECT • 1984 FACT SHEET
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UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA MUSEIII
SUSITIIA RIVEP. ARCHEOLOGICAL PROJECT, 1984
Fact Sheet
Faaslblllty studies for a three billion dollar hydroelectric project on the
SUsltna River be9lft 111 1980. As put of this projec~ the University of Alaska
,.....,. Ills C:ontracted to evaluate the 111111ct of dP construction on
archeological sites along 85 •iles of the Susltna River uostrea• fra~ the
Devils canyon and llltana dP sltn as wll as access corridors, tranSIIission
\IM.S and areas of Indirect IIIPICt, To date four years of study have been
ca.pleted, resulting In the location and dOCUBtntat1on of Z4~ sites. The
progr .. consists of both reeonnelssance survey a~d systematic testing.
Tilt Susltna River drains the southem slopes of the Alaskan Range, carrying
glacial Mlbllter and runoff to the Cook Inlet. The Susttna Is not navigable
through Oevth canyon and consequ~ntly the project area hes been essentially
Inaccessible and has real ned re~~~~te 1dldemf'SS. Talkeetna, on the
Anchorage-Fairbanks Parks Hig hway, Is the closest town and Is a farty-flve
•tnute helicopter flight southeast of Watana Ca.p, the field ~eadquarters fnr
the. overall project. Tre nsportatlon from Fairbanks to the field wi l l be by
either bus, plane or train and helicopter.
It Is 'ntlclpated that we will work out of the construction ca.p at Watana. A
cafe<;erla, wanm beds, and showers will be available In that case. Should we
.., J have to operate out of tent caiiJ), you will be notiHed In time to uke the
J
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1
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MCaSHI')' ICIJu~nts . All field penOflllel v11 1 be expected to participate In
c., cflora.
kit of tile helicopter flyf119 v11l Involve operating out o f unf~~Proved
llelfspots and v111 be at low level. A llelfcop te ~ stfety cl us v11l ~given
for all crew ~rs In Fairbanks prior to leaving for the field.
l1le watller for IIICfl of tile field uuon will be cool 1ncl ~~~et . llbf-July
t~~~peritures for tile project area aver1gt 66 degrfts and •tnt-July
tlliptl"lltwri!S lftl"llte 46 dlgl'ftS. Durf119 tile 1980, 1981, incl 1J82 fftld
wasons tile crew rperfHCtd snowfa ll u latt u tile second -t In Junt 1nd
there wes alweys snwfall fn the higher elevations by the end of August.
s.-r r11nfal1 can be IIttY)'. Precipitation occurred on well over hllf of tile
~ durf119 tile 1980 1ncl 1981 field seasons altllough sOIIellllt better In 1982
and 1983. Yearly prectpftatfon In the proj ect area Is fn the neighborhood of
200 fllelles. Vegetation ••~fes fro-.tlled spruce-hrdwoocl forest In the 1-r
elentfons to treel.u tundra 1bove tflllber-lfne. Port1ons of the terr1fn are
101t poorly drtfned tundra and 11111skeg with black spruce forest, typical of
1-r elentfons In Inter ior Alasb.
Survey crews and/or excaYitlon crews wt 11 have a two•way radi o and wf 11 be
able to -nfcate v1th project he lfcopttn and W.Una base Clllfl.
A word should be sa i d about wildlife In the project area . The Susttna Piver
h locaue! In true v1lderness and abounds In wfldltfe wh fctl Include .oose,
caribou, wolf, sheep and 1 extraely df'f!St popuhtton of both bla ck and brown
bear. 4lthough we di d not have any serlous prob las 11lth bea~s du r i ng
A-3
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previous field setsons, .. did line -reus eftCOimters at close nnge and did
111ft bftrs eat llttO our bue Q11P at nfgltt. *111 o f tile crew 8lllblrs carried
fl,...,_ llld It ts till polfey of the .,,_ to lun tiM optfOII up to till
Individual on wlltther or not to carry a personal ffreaiW. EveryOflt w1ll bl
required to teke 1 flrt11WS safety class Whlc~ will Include firing shotguns.
Seftral crew ..-.rs Clrrfed handguns ntller Uln dell w1th tile wlgltt llld
..._rdlless of 1 shotgull. Those taking flreaiWS Into tile field vt II hive to
.._.,stnte tlllt tlley can effectively and safel y usr U... If you Intend to
take 1 handgun Into the field you will have to deaonstrate that you are
uperlenc.._t wltlt It and c011petent In handgun care and safety. It should be of
.357 ~ or laf'91r allber to be of any rM l protection . TMre Is no
rtlt4ft to brf119 Ill)' -tier ca lfblr gun or otller typH of wupons Into the
field. You should be ... ,.. Ult I t Is highly lll~al t o transport a llindgun
through Canada for any ,..,non. Flights directly to Alaska fi'OII the "1 -r 48"
a.-. noi affected by this law.
Also Included under wildli fe are ~squltos . A I aski I s f..aus for Its r fch
variety o f Insect ltf•. The •set"" wi ll prov ide free Insect ~I l ent .
EQtiiPMENT
Pe r sOM l gur stoli d be k19t as lfgllt and C1111!11 Ct as po•~t b l e . lltlfcoptu
space and w i ght tH"trfctl011s require personal gear to be ~ept within
reasonable l l•fts. One l arge backpack, one du ffel bag and cne day rucksack
should be suffici ent ( .. can al ways ute an exception for a gut tar In the
J tvtnt s-ne has talent In that di rec tion). Frequentl y personal gur will
~!ave to be tTa nsported t i ed into t~ outside bastet of a r..llfc.opter and will
...
, I A-4
S£i!Sifi9"""EM
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oftllt wfnci up gettfng wt so It Is vise to Wltarproof ~cts alld duffel Mgs.
Tlllle 1 1s 1 guldelfne (I\Ot intended to be COIIPlete) for llljor lt.s of
pars0111l tetr. lten •rMd by an • 1re ones !llhfch IN essentf1l. You should
bring lt.s tllat will •u your stay In the field u r .toruble as poulbl e
bH:rfng In lllnc! ttl. ptr-ters of archeology In ,_,te locations. If you llawe
a111 questfon1 concerning field gear feel free to call the Ills-.
liood qulft,r r1fn gear Is 1 .,st. bfn p~nts and hat as well as 1 rain jactet
1111 be till .,st IIIPOrtlnt !tells you take Into the field. The s-rs of 1980
llld lJil were extraely wt, 111d appanntly n1111 wather ted$ to repruent 1
typical s-r on tbe Susltnl, althol.gh 1982 .. s a little dr,tr. All
lnwes~t In 1 full suit of good quality rain gear will be well worth the
~. Also, alCif19 tbe -line, .. terproof boots are e.xtraely t.porunt.
OM of the best boots for Interior Alaska Is the Mi l ne Hunting loot
-factured by L.l. Bun. Thfs boot If rubber with 1 ll!lther upper p1rt 111d
~ In nrlous llelgllts. lf you bring l e1ther boots be sure to bring plenty
of WlttT·prooflng wax.
lt viii be fiiiPO rtlnt to hne a .. tel: l>Kauu of helicOPter scMdulfng alld
prepl1nned "pickup• tf .. s for f ield crews. Although first aid supplies wil l
be IYiflable at the Wauna C..., where 1 llldfc will be stationed, you NY went
to carry 1 -ll persCHII l first ai d kit. A per1onal -rgency tit Is
s-thfng tlch lnJfvldual working In rl!llOtt arus should carry . Jt should be
-11 and COIIPIC t . All the essentia l lte.s c an be co~tlfned In a large
bandAfd can . A typica l kit •fght Include wattrproof •tchts, a plastic
garbage bag (eaergency sleeping bag or ra incoa t), fish hooks and line, 1 high
energy candy bar, h1nl candy, needle and thread, .onoffl-nt li ne, and otller
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s•ll I teas such as asplrl n. Larger IteM whl ell can be used 1 n an -rgency
such as a signal •lrror, s.okebonb, signal panel and co-pass will be issued by
the .us~. Part of the orientation training In Fairbanks will Involve a
first atd class.
Thl Un1vtFS1ty pays 1n two-week pay periods, however, It .. Y be three or four
weeks before your first cllec k Is Issued since pa.ycllecks are two weeks behind.
While tn the field you have the option of hav ing your checks held at the
Mus-or deposited In the University Credit Union or In a local bank In your
account.
Transportation to and froa Fairban ~;, as well as hous in g during prefteld
training tn Fairbanks are the respons1bllllty of the Individual so bri ng
enough cash to cover these expenses. Food and lodging will be provided tn the
field.
The metllng address wtll be :
c/o University of Alaska Muse u•
Archeology Deparunent
Un i versity of Alaska
Fairbanks, AK 99701
t5s ? 1
A-6
... ..
T A8LE 1. SU66ESTE11 F I El.D WR
Sltepl119 Bat (oa.n or Pol1rprd;
should be 1t lust 1 zo • beg )•
Sltepl119 leg liner
Rltn &Hr (peats, j1ctet 1ad lilt)•
llltei"PI'OOf loots•
l tgllt.lgllt loots or T-Is Shoes
(for tiiiiP)
Dey llucksact•
Sflot!IU'I ( 12 guege) or Hendgun 1M
-..nttton (..,s_ will provt~
12 gu1ge shells)
Alera Cloct
Flesh light (blttertes I
Wool Socks·
Work Sill rts
oa.n Vest (br tsht co lor)
Long Ulldtrw.r
Work Gl o ves/WOol Gl ov~s
Cull•
•Essentt el Ffel d Gear
Toothbursii/Tooth Paste/Dental
Floss aad ot.ller persON! It-•
Swl tsll I rt ( wfth hood )
He1vy Jacket•
PersON! Ntdlcett on (pluse tnfora
the proJect supervisor If the,..
-lei be 1 probl• If you dtcf not
get your lltdlc1tton)
e-ra encf File
EnvelG~MSo Stltl-ry IM StiiiPS
Fishing Gtar encf Fishing License
Reeding Kltertal
~steal lnst,_.ts
Stwl"9 Kit
Persone l Fi rst Afd Ki t •
Ptrsone l E.ef9tncy Kt t •
Persone l Tent (If deslrtcf )
Woo l Hit (sod: hit )
Sunglusu
"f i'TOr fc ..., type )
Eatn g la sses•
It h ant l c t petecf thlt c rews wi ll be taken lntn t he II1Un1 blse CI8IP on the
ever,g ~ o f once 1 wee k t o cfo leuncfry 1110 s"-r. Therefo,.., enough pe r sone l
clo thing shou ld ~ brough t f or It I elSt a ~t t o ten dey s . I t doesn 't hurt
t~ hev~ ~ li ttle extra .
A-7
> • ..
C OIOfiiCJUAL UIOIUO aTATIS ....... ~,., ....... ••u.•
,, ........ ,..._ •• , ... ru.t~
Appendix 2
SURVEY lOCALE FORI!
1
SUR VEY LOCALE:. ______ _
"--s-Ar<heol ogy
Uni versf\)' of Alaska
fatrblnks, Al aska 99701
SUSITJI.I HYDROPOWER PROJECT
SURVEY LOCALE EVALUATION FOR"
CHECkED BY DATE
This for. Is fnttn6ed tc Insure that three kin ds of data fo~ each loe~l e are ~eco ~ded.
lllne data will guide add itionAl suno , e¥al uatfon of areas that ""Y llftd no fv~thtr
wort, and ~t areas surv~ aJid t.esud on-tht-9rwnd. If sappl-ntary lnfor.atio"
t o this for. i s Included In fleldi\Otes, please note this on the fona along with you ~
n ... (s) and f i eld book page nunbe ~(s ).
I. A field description of the locale is netdfcd. The field desc ripti on of the louie
should Incl ude Ule unffo,..l ty and va~i ab llf ty of su~face .orphology . The infor.atton
which you record will be used t o COII!IIre t hfs local e "'ttl other Joules to deter.ine
s t •llarfty and aid In future locale select ion and testing.
1. Dtscrfbt the surface MO rphology no t ing topographic featu~e s, dra in aoe, soils ,
va r i ation In surface slope , etc.
A·IO
... _
b. liNt, If 1111, are tile dlscrepai!Cits betwtn tile definition of the geological unit
(baud on air plloto Interpretation) and tile fltld CIOstrvatlon of the unit? Would you
dllracter1u the total aru as 1 slngl~ unit based on tile hollogtntlty of surflct
.,rpllo I ogy 7
II. Identify areas wltllln t,. l ocale tlllt pottnti allyuy bt elf•l nattd f~ further
a rc~loglcal survey . Please provldt objective criteri a 1n your evaluation such as :
1) .,..., wtltrt testi ng Is not fuslbl.-U$1"9 standanl artheologiCI I field technfq~~~s
(lrMS of standing water, ta l us rvbble); 2) areas whtTt tile substrau han been rt.oYed
by natural eros i on (Indi cate wlletller these ~r·eas hue been sur f•ce u .. lntd for arc~-
loglc.al uttrlals ); and l ) overly ueep slopes . Th h wou 11
15• to horizonta l wh i ~ you d.,_ un l i ke ly fo r s i t~ occu r •
angle ).
A-ll
~~ siGPH of gruttr tllan
d~s cr l bt and &easure slope
Ill . Identify ar .. s wttMn the locale whi~h Ill)' have high •~heologlctl potentltl, IMnd
on known stte locales fro~~~ other 1reu and )'OUr field experlen~e. ln~ludf~ overlooks,
river terrau and blu" ed9es, lake and stre .. 111rglns, etc . Describe the location,
UUM, saltnt fettures, 1nd tests (If applfctble ) for these loca l es, rKOrd these
loculcfes on USGS Mps .
lligh 't~lO!!Ictl eotntlal 1re11 that should be lnvestf91ted --
IV. Locate on Mps where the survey tea• actutlly went on-the-ground, tnd locttlon,
I'IUIItltr, sfze, tnd depth of test pits excavated tiKI net~ral exposures f'xt•lned. Describe
the topognplllc: setting, and relation to other phys i cal futures, such IS l 1kes, st,.._,
r1Yfrl, bluff, edges , ntlrby hills, elevati on , etc ., f or steril e test pits .
Sitts fOWid In loctl e :
llullller of shovel tnts --
NANE.S OF Fl ELO TEAM: (Include r e ley ant pages In f t e l dboo~)
----------Date ___ _ ----------~te ___ _
-----------~te ______ _ -----------~te ___ _
-----------~te ______ _ ---------------Date----
-----------~te -----------------~te ___ _
------------~te ____ _ ----------~u ___ _
----------~t.e --------------~te ----
A-1 2
l Appelldb 3
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SITE SURVEY FORM
.1-L
ARCH£0l06Y
UIIIVEIISITY IIISEUII
UIIJVOSITY OF ALAS~
AHRS NO.: ______ _
SURVEY LOCALE NO .: ______ _
UA NO .: ______ _
CHECkED IY OAT£
SUS I TM HYOROPOII"UI PROJECT
I. SITE LOCATI ON
A. USGS QUAD : TalkHtna Mou ntai ns ----Sea :~: 1:63 ,360
8 . AIR PHOTO REFEIIEIICE : Roll fr-s ----
C. TIIP , 1!116 , Sewnl 1terl dl1n
_____ t of the J of tile o f Section -----
0. lml: Zone 6 Entf ng Nortllfng ---------
£. I.ATlTUOE : • LOIIGITUOE:
F. GEOLOGICAL UII~T : No. -----
6 . Rf6Ulll : Devl l Can,yo n ___ Waun a ___ Other: ---------
II. DIY IIOIIEJfT :
A. Site •l"pplology. (SH bid: of fof'll for l nfoiW tfon requ f !'9d .)
8. Surround lnq terrain .arp~nlogy . (See back of fo ~ for tnfonnat t on req ui r ed .)
A-14
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AHRS 110 .: ______ _
C. Ecosysu.. (SM blclt o r sllftt ro,. descrfptf oM .)
1. Moist Tu11d ,.t ---High Brush Otht,.: ------
---LowltM spruce-hardwood ___ Up l and spruu-htrdwood
2 . Site vegetation 1Jid su,.f.c• desc,.lptlon :
3 . Vllgtta tfon I n surrou nd i ng ,,.., a nd surfau d•scrl pt lon:
A·lS
AHIIS 110. : ______ _
,-
II I . SITE:
A. Description:
1. Ch1racteristlcs. (lithic scatter, stratified site, cabin, etc.)
... _
l
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nUiber of shovel tests
nllllber of test pits
(Indicate on .. p)
2. Nulbtr, size and spttlal relationship of features, etc.
3. Stratigraphy (if relevant):
A-16
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...
AHitS 110 . : ______ _
•• Arttfect 1-Uiry.
l. Sl!rlace :
•· Arttfacts collected:
b. Artifacts ollsenrtd but not collected :
c. Ptr1od: l'rKontact
Historic : 116 tlvt lion-Ill the
D. Stu:
l. Observed She:
Justification for boundaries :
2. Estl .. ttd Size: " J usti fication for boundaries :
£. Si te dhturtllnce (cu""nt 1nd lfttlc!pattd). l ndltlte upected effect of the
llydrotlactrlc proj ect on the s l te.
I . Natural :. ________________________ _
2. "*": ________________________ _
A-17
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AHRS NO. ______ _
F. Whet pro.pted you to survey this location?
G. Drew and attach Blp(s) of site vlth location of tests and surface features; soil
prof11e(s); and general location and vegetation map.
IY. PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD: Ro11 1 __
Fr,_ I Direction ~
Site 10 vi th date and Crev
V. CREW: (1r.cl ude relevant pages In fieldbook)
A. NilleS :
B. Oate(s) vis ited:-----------------------
VI. Field Recommendat ion fnr further test ing:
A·l8
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se a t 2 =rem
II. A. Site .,I"PPIology.
1.
2.
3.
4. s.
6.
1. a.
llllat ternlro feature h tile site on: nat pla in , slopl119 ple l n, eo~~tl-s
rf6ge, ~Ill, po int, shoreline, terr1ce , valley, •tc.
11M t ts tile toc~Ggr a ph I c COli tot:
1 . 110 topogr'1pflt c relief relative to su1'1"0Undlfl9 terra in, Mgller t.opo-
9l'lphlc relief tliA r SU1'1"0Uftdl119 ttiTtln, 1-r t01109raphlc relltf tMn
surrouncll119 ttrraln •
II, giVI elftltiOII: 1) lboYe st1 ltvtl ; 2) RtlltiVI to SUIT'OUfMII119 ttrrllll.
Is tile terrain fNture continuous or disc rete?
llllat ts the she, slllpt and direction of tbts fNture?
llllat Is the relative position of the site on tilts fNture?
Fltld of Yltw:
'· direction 1nd r11191 of vi•;
b. •t Is In viiW?
c. -l d 1 dllntt In till prHent vec;ctatlon lncrtue or decrease view?
Haw?
O.Krlbt 111y s.peclll attributes tblt .. te tills sltt locu lon unique .
Art there otbtr settl119s st•ll1r to tblt o f tbls \Itt In the unit? Whtrt?
11 . I. Su1'1"0UIIdl119 terrain .,rpllology.
O.Scrtbe su1T0Und l 119 l ar.ctfoi'IIS 1nd ••ttr features In rt l ltlon to the site. What
Is tile direction, distinct and dfffertnct In tltutlon of surroundf119 ftlturts?
The foll01f1119 chlracterlstfcs should provide 1 guide :
1. Strta.s and rivers:
1 . proxl•lty to sltt
b. ICCeSS fra S Itt
c. are 1111 In viiW fra sltt?
d . has downcuttlng crtlttd valley"''' corostrlctlon 111 thi s lrtt?
e. Is strt .. or r fv tr (1) shlllo.. •lth r apids 1nd sandbars , or (2) Otlp
and s.ooth I n th i s vic i nity, etc .
f . Is "'tlr cl u r or turbid?
9 ·. whit Is tht gtftlral wfdtb In thi s vicini ty?
II h ttrrtclfli present?
1. I n this 11'11 ts the rfytr course:
t . strllgllt;
2. bending;
3. Serptlltfnt.
J . Ire confl~~t~~c ts •lth other strUIIS or r ivers neartly ? Holt f1r?
t . whit •tnct of terra in 4tS th is stre• or rhtr drain' (llkts, hills ,
.. rsh)
2 . l itiS:
1 . she In hectares usl119 te~~plate .
b . Inl et present ? outlet present?
c. sing l e lite o r l)lrt o f l1te systlll7
d. chlrac terfze terrain surroundi ng hte (to.., wet, Stftll, etc.)
e . Is there a ny eYidence that late s l :e Is ch1"9lng (vt9ftat lon avergro..th,
old shorelines, etc.)
f. characteristics of shoreline. Old shore l1~es prts~t ?
~-19
• ...
ECOSYST&S LIKEL!' TO BE OICOUNT£A£D IN PROJECT AREA
ICIIST TUNDRA: l'olst tundra ~c.osysteiiS usually forw 1 COIIPl~tt grou~d cov er 1 nd 1re
utrt~~tly productive during the growing uncm . They v1ry f~ 1l110st ccmtlnuou s 1nd
unfforwly cltvtloped cottongrass tussocks wfth sparn gi"'OWdt of other sedges 1nd Mrf
shrubs to st1nds where tussocks 1 re sc1 rce ?r l 1cklng 1nd dwlrf shrubs Ire do.lnant.
Assocl1ted SJ~Kits 1re 1rct1grostls, lll utJolnt, t•fted hllrgr1ss, 110sses, a lpi ne
ata lea, wood rush, IIOUnU in -a v~ns, blstort, low-growing wi llows , dWarf birch ,
l lbrador tea , green 1 l der, L1pl and ros~bly , blueberry and 11011ntaln c ranberry .
HIGM PUSH : These are dense to open deciduous brush sy st•s . Floodplain thickets : Tilt
subsysttll Is s l•flar f ~ the rivers of tht soutPI~rn c.01sta l areu to t~
bro~d-bralcltd rivers north of the Brooks Ringe. It d~vtlops qu ickly on new ly exposed
1l l uvl 1 l depos its that are periodi cal l y flooded . Tht do.ln~n t shrubs 1re willows and
aldtrs. Assoc iated shrubs art dC)9WIIod, pT1ctly rose , rnpberry , lluffalobtrry and
high !lush cranberry. Blrch-aldtr-vlllow thic kets : This su bsystlll Is found netr
thlbtr11ne In Interior Alast:a. It conslrts of resin b l rch, .-rlcan green aldf>r,
thlnl~1f a l der and sever•l willow species . Th fc k~ts a.y be extrt~~tly dense, or open
1nd Interspersed with reindeer l iche ns , low heath type shrubs, or patches nf a l pine
tundre tcosysteiiS . Othe r assoc iated species are Sltk1 a lder, bearberry, c-owbtrry ,
l 1br1dor tea , spirea, blueberry and ~ntaln cranbe rry.
UPlAII!I SPltUCE-HAADI«)()) F'OA~ST: This ecosysttll Is 1 faIrly dense Inter i or forest c011p0sed
of whitt spruce , birch, 1s pen and poplar. Bl ack spruce typlcllly grows on north
slopes and poorly drained nu areu. Root dtpths are shlllow . Fire scars are
e-n. Will tt sprvc.e anrag1ng 40 to 80 feet In he ight and up to 16 Inches In
d l-ter occurs In •bed stand.s on south fa c i ng slopts 1 nd well dr1 ln ~d soils ; foi"'IIS
pure stlnds ntlr stre~m. Aspen lnd birch a\erlgP 50 feet In height. Popl ar
avtrlgfng 80 feet In height 1nd 24 Inch es In dl~ter occu r s In sc1ttered st1nds
110119 stre..s. Undergi"'OWdt consists o f 110sses with grnsts on dri er sftts 1nd with
brush on 110fst slopes . Typlul olants 1re will ow, alder, fel"'ls, rose , high 1nd l ow
bush crtnberry, r1spberry, currer.t a nd horsetail.
lCMAIIO SI'RUCE ·HAitOWOOO fOREST: This ecosysttll Is a denst to open Interior lowla nd fonst
o f evervreen end dec i duous trees, Including utenshe pure sunds of bl eck spruce.
Blec k spruce are slow growing 1nd sddoa ex ceed 8 lncht~ In dl-ttr or 5C f eet In
he i ght. Cones of this tree ope n 1fter fl~ Md spreld allunden: ~e<!d, eneblfng bhck
spruce to quickly lnv•dt llurned arNs . The slow-growing stunted ta.aratk h
usocllled with black spruce In t .>e we t l owlands . I~ seldoa rNCbes • dl-ter of
~rt than 6 Inches . Rolling bls tns and knolls In the lowl1nds have a v1rfed •lxtu re
of wlllte spruce , bl act spruce, ~per birch, upe11 end poplar. Sull bogs and •skegs
1re found In the dtpressl ons. UndergTowth specie• \nclud~ willow , dwerf birch, low
bush crenberry , blueberry. labrtdor ttl, crowberry, beu·berry, cottot19 rus, ferns,
horstu ll, lfc~ns and ~ ~hfct cover of sph•g-and other 110sses. Large 1reu
bul"'led slnct 1900 are covered by willow brush and ve ry den se black spruce sepllng
stands.
AFTtA : ~l jo r £cosysttiiS of Al1st1 . Joint <fdtrl l-Stltt land Us e Planning (~lss lon for
Al1sta . July 1973.
A-20
... .,
Appendla 4 : Tt•wl nolOCJY f or llod: and llir.en l l~t lfl ut lon
Aply:nitlc rtfers to the t<:xture of fine grained Igneous rocks. lndiYidual
crysuls are so Ulll l they unnot be detected without the 1 id of
•gnlflutlon.
Argill i te Is • sedl•nury rock that Is .,cb "'I'Ur and.,,.. dense t111n s"'le,
w lcb It reslllbl ts In origin , lli~rals , a nd genert l 1ppearence. Its
c-nt gene,.lly Is s ilica . Althcvgh so. orgl111tts grade Into slttes
and other sh1ly quartzites , they preserve varves , rlppl.-.rts, .,d
cri cks , 1nd other sedi~ntary r ock structu~es .
Blsal t Is characte r lstlctlly black , dense , and nasslvt . Individual crystals
cannot be sten with the n1ked eye unless In phe noc ryst f on..
Phenocrysts 1re c~ly pyroxene and o li v i ne .
OlllctdofiY i s a fon. of qu1ru that hu • wuy lustar ; I t Is never crys u llfne
but forws l aytrs, sUl l ctltts or }rapellkt asses.
CMrt Is • very c~ct rock which consists c.hlefly or whol ly of si lica,
though calcl!t and dolOIIIte •Y be present In 1 very Ullll aeounts .
The siliceous por tion of c hert ca..• consist of chalcedony 11-or of a
llixture of qvarU and chalcedony, the grain being s c fi ne that It
unnot be setn wi t hout high .. gn l ficat l on . I t I s br i tt le tnd br~aks
conchoida lly w it~ a wa.• or eull glassy l us ter.
CryptOCrJSta lllne refers to t~-crys t alline structure of 1 roc k when vi sible
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at high .. gnlflcltlon only.
Crysulllnt refers to tht tex ture of sed·llll!ntary rocts . Thtse are fol"'ll!d fro~~
solutions 1nd not stdl•nu.
fii"'OI.ftdlltss fs tilt fine grained .. tria of a rock w!l lch .. ,. co11Uin 111'9f"
Inclusions such u plltnocrysu .
luster refen to the Jpptuance of light renecttd f~ • aintrll.
Obsldltn Is • .. sslve volc1nfc glass. It breaks wi th concholdll fr1cturt 1nd
his 1 brlgh~ g lassy luster.
Phtftocryst Is a distinctive crystal fol"'ll!d dudrg the si-r cooltf19 perllld In
lg-.s rocu .
Qllartz Is a alntral , slllccn dioxide . It will occur In htugoNI pr l s.utfc
crystals and or In crytoc:rysulllne fol"IIIS. It ranges fro~~ colorless to
bl1ck 1nd has • vitreous or glassy luster.
Quartzite Is a nonfoll1t~ metamorphic roc:t cor-posed principally of Quartz .
In soae deposits quartz Is the 0111~ minera l pre~ent . The Indiv i dual
grains In qulrtzftes lrt deformed, In terlocked, and are fu sed together
so the rock b,.taks across the gr~lns. Pure quar •zltt Is derived froa
qu~rtz s1ndston ... but s-quartzites aa.v co nu ln u _,,h u 40t other
alner~ls , alee be i ng one o f the ~st abunoan t .
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.,
' ...
.;!'-'·---
Rhyol1te Is the llllcrocrystallfne extrusive equivalent of a granite fol'lllf'd at
or near the surface. It Is chAracteristically wh ite, gray , or pink and
nearly always contains a few phenocrysts of feldspar or quartzite
(2-IOS). Ina smuch as the texture Is aphanitic, the only mlne~als that
can be Identified In a rhyolite hand specl~~~en are those occurring as
phenocrysts.
Tenacity Is the resfstence of a mineral to breakage.
Texture refers to the size, shape and boundary relations between adjacent
mfner~ls In a rock mass.
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Apptn~lx 6: Cef l nltlons of lithic Art ifacts :
Abrader : A cJUrs t grain stone used for gri nd i ng and undl f19 .
Bfface : A stone artffiCt bearing nate scars on botb faces .
8l1de : Soeclallzed flake wl t b parallel or sub-paralle l l ateral edges: the
l ength being equal to , or 110re than , twice the wl dtb . Cross sections
are plano-convex, triangulate, sub-trlanoulate , rectangular, or
trapezoidal . Sa.e have 110re than two dorsal crests or rldg ~s. (I)•
[• See Notes at end of appendix.)
Blade Core : A nucl.us or .. ss of lttblc Dlterf al often orefonlld by the worker
to the desired shape to 1llow the r1110val of a blade. Pi ece of
fsotrophlc .. ter1al bea -lng negattv~ flake scars or scar froe the
re.ova l of blades . (I)
Burin : A chisel-l i ke l ~le-ent derived froa a flake or blade ; or the
eodlflc1t i on of other i~l e-ent s by using th e bur i n techn iq ue to r1110ve
the edges para llel to their long ax i s ~nd/o r transversely or obliquely.
Genera 11y foi"'IS a r ight ang l e •.dge on one ~r botb Nrg lns . (I )
llur i n spall : A soec l alfzed flal<e r1110ved f rc10" burin co-., genera 11y
re<tangualar In trensverse section. Th~ dors al side of the blad~
gener~11y sh~s a si ngle blade sc ar with l atera l Nrg l ns at right
angles . The fi rst burin spa11 r""'v ~ fNIIIJ the co re .. Y show m.erous
ver l lnts, depending on the type of ~terltl used end because It bears
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scars of tile worker 's preparltf on to establish a rfdge t o guide the first
blade . (I )
CObblts and fra~nts : A rock or fra~nt of rock wi th a particle slzt
bet'Wttn 65 -llld 250 -· (2)
Flake core : A nucleus of stone bearing tile sc.N f,. the ,._.,.1 of fl aus
t l t!llr I n a ra,.SO. o r regular pa :ttrn .
"-'"st-: A Ntural f"'Ulldtd, largely u'-<Sifled ~bb l e us ed u a n Ullha f ttd
"-r. us ually contllns sa. ev i dence o f 1 battered surface f,.
percussion flaking .
luceloate po l 11t : A bfface wl\ldl contains a fln lshf'd haft el-nt
characterlzed by roughly puallel s i des ,,. the base t o near the tfp.
luf shaoed point : A btface wl\fc h con ta i ns a fi nished haf e l ~t and
colltract fn g base . llo s hou lders a!"! ev f de~t.
Mf crobl adt: A df•ln.~t f ve b l ade gener~lly ude by Pl"!ssure techn i que . SH
b l ade . (1)
MfcroblaC:. core: A lled91! shaped nucle us of lf th fc 111terl a l fo ~ In to a
des i red sh ape f o r the ret110nl o f afcrobladPS. Bears scars f r011 the
remval o f rtlcrobhdes.
Mlcroblade core tablet : A flake used to rejuvenatP. the platfona surface on 1
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.... ..
,
•lcroblacle cor@. n e uhJustecl or ru i ned pl1tto~ -.old be rMOvecl as
1 tabular flake thereby estab lishing 1 new platfo~ •
Modified flake: A flake which has been altered In morphological fona fro-Its
or!giNl shape. MOdlf lcatfon can either be fnJJ& use wur or ,,.
lnteftUONl retouch or f.,_ both k i nds of alteratfoa.
llotehecl ~bble: c-nly a water rounded rnck which contains two chipped
notches roughly opposite each other. Tllovght to be 1 net weight or
sinter.
Ochre: I ron oxlct. or h-tfte. Colo r Is c-nly recldfsh brown to yellow.
(3)
Prefona: Prefonaln, denotes the first shaping. Prefo~ Is an unfinished
u.nused fona of t.he proposed artifact. It fs larger than, and wlthc:ut
the reff-nt of, the CCJ~~Pleted tool. It hts no •ans of h1ftf119 and
gnenlly Mde by d i rect percussion. (1)
Rejuvenation flake: To renovate, renew , restore, re-create, or re-esta~llsh .
A flake -*fell cont1lns the VlhiUSted or ruined platfona of a bl1cle or
flak e core. Usu.lly rsoved '" the s-lofl9ltudl 11al ctlrecti on or the
filled flake or flakes. Hot to be confused with •lcroblade core
t1blets. (I)
Scraper: /. tool pres~bly used 111 scraplft9. scou r ing, or planlf19 functions.
A-2.7
...
Most frequently refers to flaked stone art ifacts with one or aore steep
un l facla lly :etout~ edges.
St..-rd point : • bl face wh ich contains a fin ished haft ele~ent chlracterlzed
by distinctive shoulders and a contr~ctfng base .
Thtn~tlly alte~d rock: Qock which has been sp li t, cracked and/or d..,ged by
heating and/or cooling . These MtV be angular with fire reddenlrJ or
contain pitting. Not to be confused with thenaal treatment which Is a
.. thod of altering si liceous material by exposure to controlled heat .
Tills trN~nt Nkts the stoftt DOre vitreous.
Tnangullr point : A btface wll fcll contains 1 finished haft el-nt where the
but Is the w1~st point and the s lc!n are progress i vely contracting
toward the t 1p.
Unaodlfted flake: Any piece of stone rftiOYed f,. a larger .. ss by the
application of force 11\t.tntlonal or acc identa lly a11d not altered after
reaoval. A portion of hotrophlc IMttT i a l havl"9 a phtfo,.. and bulb
of force .c the pi"'OtiiMl end . The nate .. Y be of any she or
dl•nslon, depending on which technique was used for detact.ent.
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Notes:
I. Crabtree, D.E.
1972 An Introduction to Flintwork in g. Occassional Papers of the Idaho
State Unive rsity Museum, Number 2B. Pocatello , Idaho .
2. Deeson, A.F.l.
1973 The Collector's Encycl~ped i a of Rocks and Minerals .
Clarkson N. Potter, Inc., Great Britain.
3. FladNrk, K.R.
197B A Guide to Basic Archaeolgical Field Procedures. Department of
Archec ·~gy Si mon Fraser University Publication Number 4 . Burnaby,
British Co lumbia.
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