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SUSITMA HYDROE LECTR IC PROJECT
CULTURAL RESOURCES -IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Rtpol"t by
University of Alask1 MuseYI
&to~ S. s.!lth, M.A.
E. J..es Dixon, Ph .D
Prepared for
Aleske Power Authority
1985
Suallnl Fit• Copy
FIIU 1 1/ }.
TABlE OF CONTENTS
I. -Introduction ..•••••••
2. -Summary of Proposed Oevelopment .
1 !
2-1
3. -Effects of Phrming, Construction, and Inundation and Operation 3-1
3.1 -lntr.Jduction 3-1
3.2 -Planning • . 3-1
3.3 -Construction 3-2
(a) Access Roads 3-3
(b) Access Road Borrow Areas 3-3
(c) Dev11 Canyon Construction Ar!a 3-3
(d) Devil Ca"ton Reservoir 3-3
(e) Recreation Areas . • 3-3
(f) R411road • • . • • • • 3-4
(g) TranSIIiSsion Lines • • 3-4
(h) ll1tana Construction Area 3-4
(f) llatlna Reservoir • • . . 3-4
3.4 -Inundation and Oper1tion • . 3-4
(a) Inundation (Reservoir Processes) 3-4
( 1) Mechallical ProcesSt•s 3-5
(11) Biological Processes 3-8
4, -!~~pacts to Cultural Aesou"Ces . 4-1
4.1 -Introduction • • • . . • • • • 4-1
4.2 -Large-Scale Archeological Resources •nd I~cts 4-2
4.3 -Medium-Scale Archeological Resources and !•pacts 4-3
4.4 -S..ll-Scale Archeological Resources and II!IPICts 4-4
4.5 -Impacts to Dating and Analytical Techniques 4-5
5. -l~~pact AssessM!nt . . . 5-1
5.1 -Methods • • • • . 5-1
(a) II!IPICt Areas 5-1
(.b) lone System 5-l
(c) Cultural Resources 1nd Zones 5-3
(d) lmp1ct Within Zo nes 5-8
(e) l~~pact Categor"les 5-14
5.2 -Stte-Specfflc ll!ll)ltt . . 5-14
Blblfograplly , •••• , ••••.••
Con-espondence . • • • • • • • • • • •
~ndht • l' .. p ~ (flguns 8 t hrough SC )
LI ST OF f iGURtS
flgun I
flgun 2
Figun 3
flgun 4
Flgun S
figure 6
locati on of Oa.s , Ac c ess Routes , Transa l s~l on Li nts
tnd Study Ana Boundaries t n the Midd l e Su~ltna
Ri ver Ant • • • • • • •••••••••••
Tra nSIIIsslon Routes and Study Ant Bounda ri es
lonts and SUbzones • • • • • • • • •
Cultural Resources by Zones and Subzones • • •
Cultural Resources Zones A, 8, and C. • ••
Cultural Resources in Rc l .. t!on.ship to Futures tnd
6-1
7-1
A-1
2-2
2-4
5-2
s-s
5-7
Facfl!tfes • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5-9
Flgun 7 tultural Resources by !~~pact Categories • • . . S-15
Figure 8 location of Si tts, Project Facil i ties and Features,
Ttlkettna MU . 0-5 • • . • • • • • • A-1
Fi gure 9 l ocation of Sitts, P·~j ect F1c lll t l es tnd Fettures,
Ttlkettna Mts. 0-4 • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • A-2
Figure 10 location of Sitts , Project fac ili t i es end Featu res,
Talkeetna Mts . 0-3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . A-J
Fi gure 11 Locetlon of Sites, Project fac flf t l e~ and Ftnures,
Ttlkettna Mts . 0-2 • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • A-4
f i gure 12 Loca t ion of Sites, Proj ect flc tll t l es a nd Ftttu rts ,
Ta l keetna ltts. C-4 • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • A-5
Figure 13 locaUon of Sites, Project fac flftl es and Ftuures,
Ta l httnt ltts . C-3 • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • A-6
f i gure 14 location of Sites , Project facili t i es a r~ Fet tures ,
hlktttnt hts . C-2 • • . . • • • • • • • • • A-7
Fi gure 15 loca t i on of Si tts, Proj ect fl cfli t ft~ a nd f nturts,
Ta l betnt Mts . C'-1 • • • • • • A-8
Fi gure 16 lontlon of Sf te, Ta l ktttna ltts. B-2 • • • • • • A-9
Fi gure 17 l ocetlon of Sitt , Ta l keetna "ts . 8-1 . • A-1 0
r 1gure 18 location of Sites , Proj ~c t Facilf t f es and Features,
Healy A·J A-ll
II
l
Figure 1.9 Loutfon of Sites, Pro ject Fecllltles end Feltures,
Heely A-2 . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • A-IZ
Figure ?0 Loutlon of Sites Along R1l11'01d Route, Talteetne
Hh . D-6 ••••••••••••••••••••• A-13
Figure 21 Loutlon of Sites Along Rel!ro1d Route and kuss
Route, Talleetne Mts. D-5 • • • • • • • • • • • A-14
Figure 2Z Loutfon of Sites Along Access Route, Telteetne
Hts . 0--4 . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • A·lS
Figure Z3 Loutlon of St tes Along Access Route, TelkMtne
Hts . 0-3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • A·lfi
Figure 24 Locetlon of Sites Along Access Route , Neely A-3 A-17
Figure 25 PI'Qject FecllltiH and Fe1tures , Htlly 8-3 • • • A-18
Figure 2fi l oation of Site Adjacent to Phue I Recreation
Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Figure 30
Figure 31
Figure 31
Figure 33
f'lgure 34
figure 35
Figure 36
Figure 31
Figure 38
Figure 39
Figure 40
figure 41
Figure 42
figu re 43
Aree, T1lkeetoe Mts. C·l
Recre1tlon Areu, HNly 8-5 •••
Ph1se I Recreation Area, Healy 8--4
RecreHion Areu, Healy A--4 •••
Phese I Recreation Aree, Healy A-2 •
Tre n$Pisslon Route, Falrblnks D-3
Tr1nsalsslon Route , hfrblnh D-1
Trens•lssfon Pout,e, hlrbenks C-4
Transa1sslon Route, hlrblnb C-3
TranSJIIIsslon Route, Felrblnks 8-5
Transalsslon Route, Fe lrbanks 8-4
Locetlon of Sites Along Trensalsston Route ,
Fairbanks A-S • • • • • • • • • • •
Locltlon of Sites Along Transaluton Routt,
Heely D-5 • • • • • • • •
Location of Sites Along Tranuslsslon Route,
He1ly D-1 • • • • • • • • . . ••••
Transalsslon Route . Talkeetna Mts. D-6
Transalsslon Route , Talkeetna IUs. 0-5
location of Sites Along Tr1ns•lsslon Poute,
Talkeetoe Hh. 0-4 • • • •••••
location of Site Along Tnnsalsslon lloute,
Tyonek D-1 , • • • • • • •
HI
A-19
A·ZO
A-21
A·ZZ
A-23
A-24
A·2S
A-26
A-t7
A-28
A-29
A-30
A-31
A-32
A-33
A-14
A-35
A-36
Ffgure 44
Ffgure 45
Ffgurt 46
fi gure 47
Figure 48
Figure 49
Ffgu" 51
rfgure 52
TrinSIIIss t on Route, Tyo.oet C-1 • •
TrlnSIIfssfon Route, Tyonek B-1 ••
Tr1nSirisston Route, Anchorage B-8
TrlnSIIfsslon Route, Anchor~gt 8-7
TrlnSIIfss!on Route, An chor1ge A-8
Slope lnst&bfltty 1nd Permafrost,
Ti'ktetnl Kts . D-5 ••••••••
S. e Jns ubflf~ 1nd Pe1'1!11frost,
T1 :etn1 Kts . 0-' • • • • • • •
SlGp'.' IMUbflftylnd P tn~~fros~,
T•lteetu Mts . D-3 • • • ••
Slope lnstlb f ll~ and Permafro st,
T1lktetnl Kts . D-2 ••••••••
Figure 53 Slope lnstlbfl fty 1nd Pe,..rrost,
Talkeetn1 Kt~. C-2 ••••••••
Figure 54 Slope IMtlbflfty 1nd Pe nafrost,
Talltettnl Mts . C-1 ••••••••
lv
A-37
A-38
A-39
A-*
A-41
A-43
A-47
.,
LIST OF TABLES
T~ble 1 Cultural Resources: location , land Status, Horizontal
Distance from Features and Facilities, and Zone(s)..... 5-19
Table 2 Cultural Resources by Zones............................. 5-31
Table '3 Cultural Resources listed in More than One Zone........ 5-33
Table 4 Cultural Resources and £xpec~ed Impact................. 5-36
Table 5 Cultural Resources by !~act Category and Zone......... 5·50
1. • JNTROOUCTIOH
At t ht request of tht Ala~ka Powe r Autho r i ty the ~~s~·s a~stssornt of
tht l~ct of the Susitna Hydroelec tric Pro ject on cultural resources is
be ing presented as 1 repor t separate fr~ the final Cultural Resources
lnvul lgat fo ns 1979 • 1985 report (Oixon tt al. 19aS). This r·eport h
designed to be used In conjunction wi th ~ addi t ional rePOrts requested
by APA : ·S.u:s f tlla Hydroelectric project, ~ltural Ruources •
Si gn i f icance (Sal eeby et a l. 1985) and Susltna Hydroel ectr ic Proj~t ,
Cultu ra l Resources -M i t ig ation Reco==enda t lons (SQith and Dixon 198 5).
All 270 s i tes documented fn the Huseu-'s final report are addressed In
thb report. Chap ter 2 provides a sum.try of the proposed deve los-nt
usocl tted with the Susl t na Hydroe l ec tri c Pro,!ecl. Chapter 3 discuss es
the effec ts (e vents, act ivi t ies, and processes ) assoc l et.ed with
ph""lng, con struct ion , end Inundation and OPfflltfon. Information
concerning ~~echan fcal and biological h puu of In undation are 51111111·
rlzed rro. the l.at lon al Reservoir Inundation Study (Leniha n fl al.
1981). liiNcts of th~ Susltlll Pr ojec t on cultur al resources are
d iscussed In chapte r 4. Chapter 5 Is t he Muse um's site-s pe cific l~ct
assessment. References cited tre Included In the blbllograp~. The
Appendix conta ins full·sla US&S 1:63 ,360 sca l e ;,aps dep le ting the
loc1tlon of cultur al ~sou r c es wi th respe<t to proposed ft1tures 1nd
fac ilities, and slope Instability and peraafrost •reas In 1nd adjacent
to bot h res~,...,o Irs.
1-1
2 -SUMMARY Of PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
In the proposed plan for full bas in development, t wo ma j or reservoirs
wil l be f ormed . The larger Wata na Reservoir will extend 48 miles
upstream of the W~tene Oem site and wi ll heve an average width of about
1 mile and a I'!Uhnum wi dth of Smiles (Figure 1). The Watana Reservoir
'will have a SY rfac e area of ca. 38,000 .acres and a maximum depth of
about 680 feet at normal operating level .
The Devil canyon Reservoi r (Figure 2) >11 1 be about 26 miles long and
one -half mile wide at its widest point . The reservoi r will have a
surface area of ca. 7,800 acres and a maximum dep t h of about 550 feet at
normal operatf on level.
Staged development is planned. The Watana Dam will be completed f irst.
If energy d~nds warrant t he Devil Canyon Dam will be constructed
later. If the Devil Canyon Dam Is constructed the Watana Dam Construc-
tion temp will be 1110ved to the Devil Canyon area to house construction
personnel. The ~a tan a construction camp/village will prcvide housing
for up to ca. 3,3DD peopl e and the Devil Canyon fa cilit ies up to ca.
1,800 people du r ing the construction phase. During the ope ra tion ph1se,
approximately 130 s taff members and their families wil l be located at
the Watana site.
The Watana Dam will be an earthflll structure with a ma.xl11111111 height of
885 feet, a crest length of 4100 feet , and a total volume of about
62,000,000 cubic yards . During construction , the river will be diverted
through tw o :onc r ete-lined diversion tunnels In the north bank of the
r i ver. Ups tre am and downstream cofferdams will protect the dam con-
struction are~. The power In take includes an approach channel in roc k
on the nor t h !bank. A multil eve l, reinforced concrete , gated Intake
structure capable of operating over a full 14D-foot drawdown range will
be constructed.
The Devil Canyon Dam will be a doub le-curved arch structure with a
ma~imum height of about 645 feet and a c rest elevation of 1463 feet asl.
2-1
.......
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i!l .. ... ;or; .....
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I -10
N "''"
ii"f
xl: _., ....
Q, ....... .....
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:.!. .... , .. ·-~g ....... ,._
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!"'& CULTURAL AliOUACl t
~tUOf AA[A
C:;(OAACHlOLOOY
st UOf A AlA
!
T
The c rtst wfll t>e a unifon:a 20 f oot •ldth and tnt NJf-base wi dth
wi ll bt 90 f~et. A rock·ff ll saddl~ d~ on ~s ou th be nt of the r 1ver
will bt con~t ruc ted to a au f-he i gh t of about 24 S fHt above foundt·
t i OP l evel. l~e power i ntake on the north bank will l nclud~ •~ ~pproach
cht nntl In rocl ltading to a re lnforctd co~rttl gate stru c t~rt ~fCh
wi ll acc~date a ..xlmwa drawdown of 55 feet.· Flow durin~ construe·
tfon wi ll bt diverted through 1 s i ngle .concrett·lf ntd pressure \ll nntl In
the south bank . CofferdlliiS and tht diversion wnnel art proposed to
p.Ov l dt protect ion against fl~s during construct i on.
About 2i years of average struanow wi ll be re quired to f 1ll t~e Wttana
reservo i r. Filling will c-nce after daa constt'VC'tion P""eeck i o •
po i nt where t apoundllent concurrent with continued cOMtrudlon can bt
accocnodated . Postproject downstrea~ flow will bt lowtr In sum.~r a~
h!ghtr In wi nter t!Yn current conditions. Dolfnstrt&lll of tht Pra!Kt,
differences between pre· and pos t project flow condi t ions ~~CQPI les:
pro~vunced, as the entl r~ upper bas i n contributes less lnin 20S o~ the
tot., 1 dlscbar:;2 Into Cook Inlet.
The selected access phn conshts of • railroad froa Gold Creek to 0tY11
r.a~on on the south side of the river (Figure 1). The pl an also fnclL<d·
ed acctss by road fret' the Otna11 Hlgllway to the Otv tl ttii)'On 011a silt
vh the V.tana 01111 s i te {Figure 1).
The selected transahslon lfne route (Figure l) wh i ch will carry power
f~U~ the Susitna Project roughly para ll els , but Is not adjacent to, the
access route of railroad and road betwet n Go l d Creek and the llatollll D•
sf te. At Gold Creek, It connects with the Raf l bt l t lnt£r le . Be twttn
Will ow and Anchorage. the route extends In a southerly di rection to a
poi nt west of Anchorage. vbere undersea cebles wil l cross Knflc Ana.
Btti<HII Willow and Kealy, the route would utflhe tht tranSAii ssfon
corrido r prewlou s ly se lec ted by tnt Al tS~a Power Author i ty for the
Ra fl t>elt lntert l e .
Z·3
! .•.
'
t •••••""'1i i0M = ,,,.. ..
Figure 2. Transmission Routes and Study Arta Boundaries.
The location of pro j ec t features and facilities are also shown on
full-scale U.S.&.s.· .. ps located in the AppendiX --Figures 8 through
~.
2-5
3 • EFFECTS Of PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION, AkO Jr~OATIOH -~0 OPERATION
l.l Introduction
Effects consldrr~d 1n this chapter lrt ev~nts, tctlvitf~s. and proc~ss~s
that will occur during the planning, construction, 1nd lnundttlon and
operation suges of t),. Susltna Hydro~lectrlc Projtct. Whn tt>ey occur
tt>ese events, actlvft I ts, ond processes will III!PIC"t cui tun! r•sources
u various suges of tn~ project procHd, At present (1985), t),.
Susltnt Project Is In the plarnlng na~. Genenl l r;p~ct Is dlscuu~d
In chap ter 4 and sltt specific lcpact In c~apter S.
Inunda t ion and associated reservoir processes as they appl y to tht Otvfl
C.nyon and Wttant rtnrvolrs ue considered >fith respect to lnforutlon
conUintd In the Nationa l Ruervo1r Inundation Study (ltnlhln tt al.
198 1) and Conurvetlon Arch~olggy: ~Guide~ Culwrtl Resource 1111119!·
~ Stu .. tes (Schif'fer tnd ~nun 1977). Gentrtl reservoir processes
are s-rlz~d from tht Hltlonal ~servolr Inundation Study. Planning ,
construction, and operation ~ffects of the Susitna Hydroelectric Pro-
j ect, as well u othtr project-spec ific fn fol"'lltlon, wtre eatnctli! ,,.,.
tt>t following documents: Susltna Hydroelectric ProJtct Draft Envlron-
•ntal .!!!!!£!. Sut-nt (lily 1984), Susltna Hxdroelectrfc ~
Suppl-ntal Responses (Oc tober 1983), and~ Hydroelectr ic ProJect
FERC l fcense Appllcatfon (Februar y 1983 ).
3.2 hnning
During tht plannfl•g stage of the Susltna Projtct, studies assodattd
vlth tss~sstng project feasibility could have lspacud cultural resourcu.
ror ••ample, engfneerf ng studies designed to assess the underlying
geologic strata In the Susftna Project 1re1 through ground disturbing
tctiYitles (drilling bore tnd 1uger bol~s. digging ust trenches, lnd
conducting se ismic studies) could have l r~acted cultvral resources.
Envlro,...ntal studies In Ule projtct area, although less ground disturb-
Ing In nature , CO' .. ld also btve l•ctrd culturtl resources If personnel
collected or dhturbed cultural 1111terfal (Including Its conttxt) dur1ng
3-1
the course of tnelr lr.ves tlgatlons. In add i t ion to pl anning studies
themse lves t he construction and operation of the ~atana Bas' Camp , which
served as a btst of operation for all studies In the proj~t area , coul d
have l~c1ed cultural resources.
The 1bowe -entlon ed ICt l vl t l ts di d not l ~ct c~ltur1l res ourc e~ blcluse
cultural resource survey was conducted I n 1978 prior to the construction
of the Watana Base C.-p (Bacon 1978) and no sites were found In the
icCrd l ate c.-p area. In lddltlon, beg inning In 1980 Uni versity of
Alaska personnel conducted cultura l resource Investigations for all
ground dlsturbll'g activities associated .,It , feu lblllty nudles. If
cultural resources were loca ted In t~se areas tht activ i ty wu .,.td to
an area deterartned not to contain cultural resources. Report$ end
rK-ndatlons on tt~ese lnvesti ga •lcns were sut.itted to tht State
Historic Preservati on Off icer Lno wo-t proceeded upon receipt of clear-
ance fro~~~ the SHPO.
In addition to cultural resource investfgltlons for ground disturbing
ICtlvltles conducted during t he planning stage, project personnel wtre
lnforwd of procedures for reporting cultural resources that .. Y be
encountered during t~elr stud i es or re lated act ivities. As a result,
several sites were locet.ed and reported by non-archeological personnel.
Based on work conducted by Bacon (1978) and the Uol v~rsity of Al aska
(1980 -l98S ). no known sit~s were Impacted during th is portion of the
planning stage.
3.3 Construction
During tht construction sttgt of the Susltna Pro ject, ou lld lng of
project ftltures and fac ili t ies . Including support facll l t l ~s. 1nd the
resul tfng i ncreue In the number of persont~t l In the area wi ll l~ct
cul t ural resources. Hfects of construc t ing ln aiv ldua l futures a nd
fac il ities are di scussed below. Cons truct i on and ootrlt ion of support
fac ilities, land use at~d rec rtat fon1l use of tnt are• by project person-
nel are effects that all f~atures and fac111 t l ~s have In common and are
3-2
tllerefo~ net 8tntiontd lndivlduelly. ll'f'Qjtct futures end facllftles
are depleted In Figures 8 through 48 ~hlch are located 1n the Appendix.
(a) Access Routes
Efftcts assoc i ated ~th the construction of the access route consist of
the remo va l of ground cover. road clear1~g and grading, end cut and fill
associated wi th the construction of the road bed.
(b) Ac cess Route Borr~ Areas
Effects associated with the use of access route borrow areas consist of
the reaoval of ground cover, roct tnd gravel extraction , and tht ton·
structlon of staging treas and temporary roads to borrow sources.
(c) ~vfl t111yon Construction Aru
Effects assochted ~th the ~11 Clnyon ~nnructlon Area Include
construction of the thin arch concrete Otvll Canyon 0.., earth-filled
saddle daa, .aln spillway, ~rvency spillway, powrrhouse, tunne ls,
switchyard, cofferdam, access road, bridge, and a te=porary camp and
vnhge.
(d) Devil Ctnyon Reservoir
Effects associated with the Devil Canyon reservoir Include cl earing
tl~er within th6 reservoir (possible). ban~ s ta bilization. ano fi lling
and regulating the reseNotr. Effects of Inundat i on are ducussed In
section 3.4.
(e) Recreati on Areas
Efftcts assoclete( with rtcreatlonal use of the area consist of con-
struct ion of visitor centers at the Dev1l Canyon and Watana daa sites,
shelters, sealdeveloped ca:o sftes, primitive c1~9 sites . developed
trails. pri•tttve trafls, trlllhtads, scenic vistas •nd road pull-offs.
3-3
(f) Railroad Route
Effects as:oclated with construction of a railroad Include clearing
ground cover, grading the right-of-way , cut and fill associated with the
rail bed, extraction of rock aod gravel, construction of an engine
turnaround, fuel stor4ge areas, loading dock, arid temportry access
·routes.
(g) Transmission Routes
Effects associated with construc tion of the transmission lines Include
clearing ground cover, constnctlng tower pads, erecting towers, con-
struction an all-weather roa •. under the lines , building access roads and
trails, tn.d rock and gravel !x tractlon for pads, roads and trails.
(h) Wa ta na Construction ~re a
Effects assoc iated with the Watana Construction Area Include clearing
ground cover , co~struction of an earth-filled dam, main spill way,
powerhouse, power inta ke structures, penstocks, dfke, swi tchyard,
cofferda111, access roads, pennanent town, and a temporary camp and
village.
(i) Watana Reservoir
Effects associated with the ~at ana Reservoir include clearing t imbe r
within the reservoir (poss!bl~). bank stabil ization, and filling and
regulating t he reservoir.
3.4 Inundation and Operation
(a) Inu ndation (Reservoir Processes)
The Hlddle Susitna River Canyon area will be inundated by reservoirs
formed behind the proposed Watana tnd Devil Canyon Dams. As a re sult ,
3-~
twO l ar9t f~s,..ater l akes will ~ for.ed. During t he Inundat ion
process end after Inundation mechan ical, b ioch~ic el, and human/other
•ectors will effect th~ trrra in within, an d to varying deg rres, areas
u!j acent t o the reservo irs. IIKNntul processes which Include physic. 1
erosion . deposit ion , wave act ion , s aturat ion , slumpl"9, and •ttt1on
will act upon t he Watane end Dev i l Canyon reservoi rs and adjacent art ts.
l~nd lng of the se fres~ter ~servolrs wi ll a l so result In 1 unlqu
bf oclletat ul env i ro,_nt due to super l111p0sfng a r iverine aquu1c eco-
sys tem on a terre s t r1•1 ecosystem. Hydrologic processes t hl t will
Influence the reservoi rs ' chec:afcal procesns incl ude inn ow end outn JW ,
stdiaentatf on, lhe~l strltlffc atlon , dens i ty current fo~tfon, a~
frequency end ~~~plitude of reservoir drawdown cycles. Biological
activities wi thin the reservoirs wil l ~ r~ulated by wate r teaptrlt~~.
dissolved Olr..)'lltn, and reser;ot r pH. Changes in t~e water levrl of tie
~sitna River and lu tribu ta ries caustd by filling the reser;olr-s w' 11
raise the ground water table In the area.
(I) KKhanlca l Processes
Flu id forces within the Wauna and Dev il Canyon resel"'lolrs generued b)'
water IIOtfon will .,,..:: In deposition, erosion, a nd tnnsporutlon
processes. In desc~ndlng order of ~gnltude, water motion wi ll occu· In
the fona of w•v~s. currents , and tides. Wtves will most often be
generated by winds t.. &ay 1lso ~ generutd by bon and float plane
ICtlv lty. Currents (~suiting f~ d l 'fere nc~s In water elevation fraa
density nows resulting from differences In watrr temperatur~. sali r l '
or turbidity) will c1use wav e action In the near-shore 1reas. Tides
will ~ ctused by u:ractions of sun, 11100n, and earth.
~aves will be the s ingl e mos t destruct i ve fluid force d ~tenn1 nlng tht
slope and conf i guration of the reser;ol r sho reli nes. Tbe sin and
extent of waves will depend on wind sprrd , durat ion , direction , tnd
surface tree over which the wi nd blows (fetch). In deep water waves
wt 11 have l ess effect on t/le rMenolr 110rphol~ than wans In shallow
trees wMch dissipate t heir e .oergy on the sho~Hnes. BretUng waves In
3-5
the shallow area\ ~111 erode or deposit caterlal on shorelines along the
urglns of bOth reservo irs.
Jn all of the Drvfl tanyon Reservoir and most of the Vatana Re5trvolr
(the ucept lon being the ll1t1na Creek area ) where the stdes tre rela -
tively narrow (S~Wll fc:~!':). steep, 1nel coorpostd of bedrock, wave act ion
will hive little effect on shoreline morphol091. In those treas of t he
Watlna Reservoir ~here the reservo i r I; wide (tllowlng ~••e build-up),
9!Rtly sloping , and co=posed of deposits susceptibl e to erosion. beach-
Ing, flows , and slidu (Fi gures 49-~ in the Appendb ). wave 1ctfon will
have 110re of an effect on shoreline conflgurat I on. The widest part of
the 1/atana Reservoir Is In the area of 1/atana Creek (c a. 5 •lies). Out
to this and the fact that the preda-lntnt winds are from the northeast
the south btnk of the llatlna Reservoir In t his area will be subject to
the greatest w•ve act ion although wave action will f~a c t, to 1 lesser
degree, other portions of the reservoirs as well.
Currents within the deeper portions of reservoirs will produce lltt lt
.echanlcal lmp&ct ~hilt ne1rshore currents ~Ill alter shoreline condi-
tions. Currenu ·runnt11g pualle' to tile shorelfne will transport
sedt~nts and cause erosion or depos ition on them. Ef fects of cur rents
altering shoreline conditions will bt eore pronounced In portions of the
reservoir where sto111 waves are 110re cOft!Onpllce. Cllrrenu ~111 hne
less effect on shorelines of tte Drvll canyon Reservoir due to Its
relatively s11111 fetch. TIM! Wauna Re~ervofr In the 1/atana Cre~t area
~ill hive .are pronounced shoreline erosion due to currents because of
Its larger fetch.
Fluid force within the reservoi rs wi ll be the greatest i n the nearshore
(high-energy } area. particularly In the portion of tht reservoirs
subject to drilwdottn. Shoreli nes will !rode when the 180Unt of uterlal
transported Is greater than the ..ount of uteTial taken away. The
opposite wi ll bt true for accret ing shorelines. llhen the reservoir
pools r-ln relat ively subl t, the areas ntar the shonlf~~es and the
shoreline tllsselvu will tend t o subilfu, reaching an equfl1br1oa
profile. After stabilization , wtnd and wavt erosion wil l gradUally
3-6
...
trod< the fo~d shorelines , transporting eateritl Into the nesenoirs
and resulting In the foMDttfon of shoals. Off-shore shoals In ti8t will
aSSISt In stabilizing tbe ~~orell~s by d l s~lpatln2 wa ve e"'rgy tbat
would otherwise lmp~ct them . Vlth • drop In water level during drtw-
down , the offshore shoals wi ll be subject t o ero sion which will Inter-
fere with shoreline equlllbrlu. when the water lev el again rises by
al lowing wave e~rgy to dissipate against the stabilized sho relines
c&u.sing a resuTgtnce of shoreline fonution procutts.
Drawdown In the Devil canyon Rtstrv~lr wi ll bt l ess than that In the
Wauna Reservoir (Devil Canyon ca. SC. feet, Vatana ca . 130 feet).
Therefore, shoreline fluctuation will be -ore extens ive In the Watana
Reservoir t han In the Devil canyon Reservoir .
Hechan lul processes a>flly fn1111 the high -energy, netrshore area In the
reservoir basins will consist of two forms of offshore deposition:
su~rlne slope failure and reservoir sedl~entatlon. Ou rl~ Initial
tnund atfon, slopes within the Oevfl canyon and llaUIII resenoln will be
drastically altered , changing basin morphology. As water saturates
soll/sediaents the sh~r strength across any plane of failure will
deCrease, a process l'lllch will be accelerned by the presence of pe,....
frost. Devil c_,r,.run and Vauna ruenoir Pti"Nfrost trus are depleted
In Figures 49 :hrough 51. As a result, soil/sedll:lfnts will shift a nd
col'ltfnue to change until • llt'l al!gle of repose rs established. So•b-
.. rlne slope failure wil l be .ast pronounced durlnq t~e Initial s~r
gence fn unconsolidated talus deposits and pl astic soll/stdiDtnts such
as ~llty or stndy units Including f ine -grained tephra deposits. Areas
wf thfn tbe Otvll Canyon and llatana reservoirs susceptible t o slope
failure art depleted on Figures 49 through~. Su~den drawdown will
accelerate slope failure due to the rap i d change f~ an aquatic to 1
terrestr i al environment. Since the drtwdown Is greater In the Watt na
reservoir than the Oevll Canyon reservoir, slope fa llur! wil l be ~ne
prol'IOUnced ln the Watana reservo i r.
Wtth 1 decrease In velocity, whlch w1ll occur whe n fast -ov1ng water
enters the cal• reservo i rs , the carrying capac i ty of thf water will
3-7
decrease and Stdl~nts ca rr ieo In the wJttr will be deposited. As a
result sedimen ts within the reservoir b&slns wi ll begin to build up.
ill• a_,nt of loacl depos fted wi ll for the lllOst ~rt de~nd on the POUnt
of material In suspension. TM higher the amount of Dl4terlal In suspen -
sion t he h'gher lhe sedt~ntatlon rate will be within the reservoirs.
Unl ess these sediments are removed ttey will continue •o build up within
the reservoirs until the capac ity of t~e reservoirs to hold sedl8!ftts Is
decr~sed due tot~ decreased volumr of sttl. wtter for ~edi Gent
enirapllfnt.
All tributaries of tlte Susltnt River between Tycne Rhtr and Otvll
Canyon are clurwat er r-ivers and strnn~s (Figu re 1). Sedf!lll!ntatlon
v1 thin the Dt"ll C.nyon and 1/atan. reservoirs will c011t l:llfnly fi'OII the
ghclal-fed Susltna Rtver Itself. Ahhough tributaries to the Susl tna
River will eaper!ence 1 decrease In velocity w~en they •nter the reser-
voirs, the UIOUnt of sealwnu In thrse wate rs Is low compilred to t he
Susltna River and therefore will contribute little sedi~n t to the
reservoirs. One e•ceptlon, however , would be eplso4es of Increased
stdl~nt load In these waters due to sublll4rlne 1nd terrestrial slides or
nows that lilY be accelerated u 1 rtSult of chAnges In wAter levels , ·
Including ground wate r l evels and we t/dry and frtflt/thlw cycles. The
Mglttst occurrence of these t ributary slope failures Ire upe<ttd 111 the
ll•tana, Jay and JCos lna treet trees wnlch ar·l! presently e•perlenclng
slope failure ( terrestrlll ).
It is unclur at this tl"'f how clear-cutting the reservoirs, If uti-
lized, would ef fect the amount of s~~lment deposited within tht reser-
voirs, but Is It lHtly thAt It •Il l contribute to stdl•nt deposition.
(II) 8lolog1cal Processes
Biological processes within the reser~olrs will consist of hydrolog ic
1nd c~fcal processes, and biological activities dete~lnlng the
tcosystea of the reservoirs. Chemical processes which wil l change river
cht'!lllstry 1n the reservoirs will be Influenced by climate, gto10q)',
topogrtphy, biota, and t f~. Although pUblls~td data on reservoir
J-8
. '
chenlcal s1stems Is limited, general trends can be ch ara cteri zed .
Sasictll1, chemical concr ntTatfons v tll hav e the .ost rfftct on cul tural
reswrces. Th ere fore , ntu of h!ghtH ct.e.iul concentrttfon ltfll be
!h~ areas of greatest Impact. Chem ical concentrat ion wil l display
verticil and horizontal variability. Deep wtter ne ar the Devil Clnyon
a nd Vatana daas will have t ~ highest concentrations of chen1ctls
because I) becAuse ft f s fur~h est downst~a• from the Inlet evaporation
wi ll have taken place for the longest t ime, 2) the bo~om sofl and
stra ta wfll be the 'ast to be sealed off by silt , and 3) the deeper
wners be l ow tile thNaOC !Ine will favo r tile concentntfon of .ast
d1ssohed solids. In con trut, the shallow portions of the reservoir
near Inflow strea•s . will likely have the lent chtll1ca1 l..,acts.
l evels of ph wil l tend to be lower In deeper port Ions of the reservoi r
and higher In shall ow areas vhtl"e ligh t penetrat ion and photosynthesis
will occur. In add ition, treu continuously sulll:rerged will rKtlve .are
cheaf ca l Impact thin areas thlt are only occ asiona lly su~rged.
Che~~lu l pi"'Cessts vltllin tilt reservo irs will vary seuont lly due to the
tilott ava ilable for Wlttr to tbsortl soil .tnerals. llurl"9 the sprlft9 tncl
-r, water will IIOY e fester llld vlll hive less time t o absorb soil
•l nerals. However, winter I"Unoff wltl be slower which will lncr~ase the
concentration of soil minerals In tht water by the tiae It reechts the
res enol rs.
Biological syst~ wf th ln reservoi rs will be 1nflu~nced by and wf11
contribute to t he aqua t ic chemical system. The 1nttrl"tlatfonshfp of
cbeaicel and pl\ysfca l pa!'IRttrs of the rHtrvolrs n we ll u tllf entire
wate rshed will dtter=rtne the distribution of the aouat1c bfolog1ce1
cc:m:alftf cy.
Biological 51St~ wlth1n the reservoirs prior to l nltf•l filling will
be drautlcally altered whtn 1 rherlne ecosysts is supe r f111p0sed over 1
terrestri al one , cr eating 1 new stlll-~l ter ecosystea. Durin g this
rap id trans ition period there will be a mass morullty of riverine
ecosystem plants and an imals, a cl9ratfon of terrestrial or9 antsas t o
~ ~lbftats , and oevelo~nt of pla~kton po~lat1ons. Tbt fnltlt l
3-9
nut~l ~nt re l ease froa new ly subaergtd soils, pl•nts , and an l .. ls vii i
lnc~llt heterotropftlc activ i ty. Eventually tht n~ cheD ical, biologi-
cal and hydrolo9lca l reg i mes will stabilize. Howr ver, due to the
rt~ulatlon of wa ter vfth l n the reservo i rs. It .. 111 be difficul t to
ach ieve ful l equf librfi.Cl.
Regulttlon of the ruervolrs .,Ill aho _1ffect tilt pl\yslu l . cheotlcal and
llJdrologlc npects of t he restnoii"S wtlich In tu rn wtll affect tht
biological systea. Water will be di scharged froa the reservo i rs froa
tht deeper portions of the reservo i r POOh. wh ich can be tilt coldes t and
eost nut~ltnt-rl ch portions. Disch arging th is water .Ill affect both
upstreaa and downs trea• ecosystems. Water ~erature withi n the
ruervoii"S u wel l u down stream fr0111 the daas will be affect~d by this
dlsthlrgt rtsultlng In fnc realtd evaporat ion loss and rtductd productiv-
Ity within the reservoirs and Incr eas ed sal i nity, all or which will
affect biological system.
Within reservoirs density currents will carry silt In suspens io n and
cnate turbid condtt lons. These currents will con tribute to sedl..enu-
tlon In the reservo i rs which tn t urn will Influence the dfstrlbu t i Gn and
divers i ty of bi olog ica l communities .
Therul stratification will divide the reservoirs Into It lent t-..o
zones. Te~p~ratu r e s wi thin t hese zones will determine ch em ica l and
biological activi ties. llear tilt top of t.M pools, vara t e:oernure and
Increased light penetrat ion wi ll encourage photosynthetic acti vi ty wh ile
bacterial activi ty will pred omln att In detptr, cool er, Ius iliUIII1n attd
portfGns of tllr pooh. Tllfsr u.~erature sy n etS .rill be tilt aajor
ll•l tlng factor In equatlc ecosyst~s because of tht narrow tolerance
range of sa.e aQuatic org•nfs.s. Temper ature will also be a n l~rtant
featurr In the solubility of •arious gales, part icularly 0'19tn (•
requlr-nt for rupf r ltlon for uny aqua t ic or9anlsms). As a resul t
otroblc and ana erobic zones wfll exist wi th in t he rtstrvolrs' sublerqt!d
st!dl•nts .
3-10
The growth of organisms wi th in the reservol~ wil l depend on the supply
of nutri ents. These nutrients will provide material necessary for
synthesis of protoplnc, S\lpply the energy necessary for cell grwt/1,
ano serve as electron ac~eptors In reactions that prov ide energy to the
org&niJm.
Within the reservoi rs th~e life zones wil l be establlsMcl : I) the zone
thlt rec•lvu lfght penetration to the bottoftl and contains root plants,
2) the open w&ttr zone extending from the surface t o the effective depth
of light peneuulon, aiH! 3) dMp wuer ZOflt beyor.d the efftctln light
penetntlon. Within each of these zones Ylrlous esstmblages of organ -
ISIIS will u1st. At the sed hnent water Interface aerobic organiSIIIS will
prtda.inau. ~1.,., the sedllltnt vuer I nterface uurobl c organ l s=s
vfl\ prt\'al l.
(b) Op.ratfon
After the Initial process of filling bot h the Wat4na and Devil Canyon
reurvolrs the das wfll be regultted f or the product ion of hydroelec-
tric power. PersonMl operating aiH! .. lntalnlng the #at IIi t i es will t.
housed In quarters near the dta s ites. Both da•s will exper i ence
drawdown and refilling as part of facflfty operation, thh drawdown will
contl nut disrupting bas in stabilization. Effects v111 t lso result froa
land use ln4 recr-utional use of the area by project person~\ an4 tt.~
PUblic actlvaly using constructed recreational fecllltles. The avail-
ab ility of large amounts of electric i ty could stl~late private and
Industrial growth, In, ~ear, and/or sgce dlsta~ froa the pro j ect area.
lcp1cts of project-related events, activities, and processes on cultur&l
resources art discussed In tht rollOOtlng dt&pten .
3-11
4 • IHPACTS TO CULTURAL RESOURCES
'.I ln troeuction
Dau concerning culwral resources is derived from the analysts and
evaluation of artlf~ets , artifact classes, and' t~l!lr attributes (artl·
fact ltnl, scall-scale ard\tologlc.l resources ): the sp.tlal-fonal
relationships of Cl.lltural reulns within 1 site ($1~ le•el, -edl-
scile archto logical resources ): and t he relet Ions hlp of tl'le s lte(s ) t o
the envlronmenul setting (regional li!YI!l, la r ge-scale ercl'leologlcel
resources ). The loss of data ruultlng from Susltna PI"'ject ·rellt~
I!II"Cts to any level of d&u rttrltn l wil l affttt the t»t • qualfty,
and qnotlty of lnfonatlon obtainabl e froa cultural resources In the
Hlddll! Susltna River area. This 1n turn will affect the evaluation and
Interpretation of this resource base and ultimately tile prehistrry and
history of Interior Aleska.
On the regional data lrtel, cultural resources and the cultural system
~ represent are assessed as part of the lerger ecosystea. By utiliz-
Ing envlroraental and ecologlul data It Is ;x>sslble to address qu es-
tions thet cannot be eddrtutd with sltt-spKHic ln fon~~tlon alone.
This level of d&U will be lost or efft<Ud throush cootrl1'19, IIMcurlng,
lllldlfyfng, chang ing , or Gestroylng tht aru's g~rpl>ology, bydi"'logy,
veget.atlonal cocrmunitles. and faunal populations. This would affect the
envii"',.nul data bast of th~ region , regional lnterslte and slto-
e nvlronDtntal ~tterns, and llrgt-scalt featurts such IS trail s (lenlbin
e-t 11. 1981 ).
Within sites cultural Nterlll exhibits a spatial-formal relationship
thlt represents the spat ial operation of tilt past lnbab itlnts. lnfonoa-
tlon dtrfv~ fr~ the ar~~lysu of the deposltlou l contnt of cvltunl
rtNins uy ~fleet -ttrl1l or organh1tl0111l upecu o f the cultural
systea that .,,. not be poss ible from the txaml net l on of the lllttrlll
~Ins alone. The destruction or alteration of the spatfll and strati-
graphic contest of cultura l .,terl al will result In the loss of .uch of
tnt scientific v1lue of tbfs cattri a l.
4-1
At the sltr lenl of dna retrlevtl It wn th~ rehtlotUIIfP b~D<Hn
ut1facu tllat connltutrd the l~vrl o f inquiry. At the artifact level
It Is the Individual artifacts, artifac t classes, a ~d their specific
attributes thlt ere exuined to provide Insight Into hua.n behAvior.
Outructlon or a lterat ion of any of the= or the ir dffferer tl oreser-
vatlon vl ll result In the loss of &:JUCh cultur~l and behavioral lnfon:aa -
tlon.
lnfo..,..tlon concernl"9 cultunl 1"6aurcrs Is also duht-1 from varlOU$
analyt ical techniques epplfcable to one or liON l evth of scltntHic
Inquiry. These techniques , s-of which a re applied to the artifacts
theKelves and ot hen to va r ious env lr0111111n ta l UPKU o f the site or
rt9lon , contrlbvtr 8UCb to undenundlft9 cultural resources. Destruc-
t ion or alt~ratlon of the Cll!dil• to vhlch these techniques are applied
>till result In the loss of data.
Susltna Project-rela ted llftPicts will not only destroy or alter the
vlslblt tl-nt of tile culturel resource ban (surface llllllc scattan,
house pits, cube plu, hlstodc stniCtures , rtc.) but entire uvlron-
lental and cultural systeas thlt txtend beyond sltt ll•lts.
In addition to site-specific data, tnforutton relevant to cultura l
n<sourcu ruldu In the lcntdlat.t and surrounding tm lro_,.t as
rtflecttd In the dhtributlon of phnts and anl~r.tls, solls/stdllllfnts ,
and groa~Drphologlcal features. Evaluation of these elu~rnts provides a
blsfs for lnteroretatlon villi respect to tile aoodtrn envl,_nul
setting, and fo.-s tltt bash for palrotnvlro,_nul re<:otlstructlcn.
The bas h for palroenvlro,_nul reconstruction lies In an undentandlng
of the pruent envlro,_nt. Susltn• Project l•l='.c ts ~lated to con-
struction, inundation end o~ratlon will obscure or destroy ecological
and physiographic aspects of the modrrn environment. Constr uction
actfv i tlu will removt or modify t~rral11 features, and Inundation will
destroy or alttr the distribution of present ternstrhl and riverine
ecosySlfi!S. ~ ge0010rphology of the area will also ~ dHtTOytd or
alteM due to connructlon act l•l t l ts auociated v lth building daas,
camps, road~ and the extraction of borrow material. Changes In drainage
Pilltrnl br1111ght about by strtP diversion or altnttlon and water
lllpOUndllt nt, and eros ion tnd burhl, uustd by procuse.s withfn tht
re5trvolr·s, v lll also effect tht IIOdern g~rpllology.
lntersfle and siU•·to-en> roratnt rel.ttfonshlps are uprused within
s~tftl , teopOral, tncf org~nlntlo~l asoecu of cultural and tllv fron-
•:ntal systecs. At the ~~&cro-level situ art part of 1 l a rger settle·
•nt systtiD, analysis of which provides lnslghl Into past soc111 and
tcono=lc bthiV Ior. Dt<tructlon or alterat ion of the t.nvlr~nul
setting wi ll effect this type of ana lrsts.
Large-scale cultural ele~~ents such as trails extend beyond the site 1nd
~ utend • considerable d istance Into the surn~~~Jidlng area. With few
exceptions. trails lact cultural r.-.IIIS aaU11g thttt diHicvlt to
discern vlth Infrequent use. As a result , this t~rtant aspect of the
regional h111111n uplolutlon pattern Is usually under-represented In
cultural resource Inv entories (no trJIIs were documented by this study).
The further obscuring , or destroying of trans or otller-la~-scale
el~nts that ray exist In the project are1 by construction and Inunda-
tion process vll1 effect a portion of thr data bast dealing vlth regional
patterns such as stte location, regional jnttriCtion patterns, resource
explolutloll, etc.
The loss of large-scale environmental and archeological ruourcu and
the data they conuln precludu 1 broad range of cultura l/envl,.,..ntal
•~lys es tbat could be used to addrecu broad f'f'Jional questions concern-
Ing sett lt:M!nt and subsistence patterns, populu fon dy~mics, human
ecology, and cultural processes.
'·l -MtdfUC~-Scale •rc!leological Resources and Jrpacu
Htd iUIII-scale archeological resources consist of thr coMext of various
entitles wi thin a s!tr a:nd Is •asurtd on three principal dllltliSions:
4-3
i tl111!, space, and huma n behavior (Leni han et a l . 1981 ). Elucida t ion of
tile tift dlrenslon v t thln V>d be tween Sites proY"es the ta1110ral
correhtlon "hlch foras the buts for dating a nd c.,.,ar l ng sites and
site COOlponenu. Thfs In turn Is the bash for cons tru c ting cultural
chronologies. The cajorlty of inter-and Intra-s he questions are
t lll!f-specfflc. Tec:pora l con tut deoends on l.t.e ab ility to date f ti!IIS
otfthfn a sfte and/or ~ltc1tn ts of t he site. The con text necessary for
rel hble · d1ting depends on a n undlstHrbtd stratl gnplttc contut.
Stratfgraplllc contuts w11l be altered or destroyed by con structlon-
ral lted ground disturb ing a ctivities and /or IIM!Chanlc•l 1nd biological
processes assoc iated with t he Oe•ll C..n)IOII end Vauna reurvol rs.
The spati a l rel ati onship of artifacts and features w ith!~ a site is the
bnis for fn trasl tt ana lysh afwd It dlsconrlng beblvfora l patterns.
Spatia l correlations of stu el-nts not only def1ne behavlonl pat-
terns but may s~td lfght on problematle art i fact s by In f erence froa the
known funct ions of artifacts or futu res found fn clon prox1111ty.
Btcause ;pat l a l patterning Is depend ent on precise locat lo nal tnforw-
tfon any disturbance or destruct ion o f this lnfoi"'DDtlon tither through
ground disturbing act hrltfn. o r Mcllanlu 1 or biological rHtrvolr-
rehted processu will se•erely affect thh t>ll e of analysts and the
questions that It ca n address.
4.4 -S..ll-Scale Archeo log l~al Resource5 and l~act5
Mttfac ts thmulve5 a nd their specific .ttrfl:utes (wea r. cut mru,
.. terfa l type, ttc.) are not only tnt basts f or data conctm1ng lnter-
rtllt lonshfp5 with in a nd between 5ltts, but )n and of theruelvts or as
c l asses of art !facts provide dna about h.an behavior . lo"Mn artifacts
or the ir ana lyt lul attributes are altered or de5troyed by ground
disturbing acttv l t1ts and/or mechtnica l or biochemical pr ocess ass ociat-
ed vlth Inundation the critical base o' the 4att pyr~f d 1s drast f~a lly
a l tered .
Al l classes of artifacts vfll be f"'!))c ted by ground disturbing uttvl-
t l ts associated wi t h the construc~fon suge of the Susf tna Project
through destruction or 1lUr1tlon. Within the rese·volrs , wfth the
uc~tfon of lithic materhl, 111 uttrill categor fn (bone, wood ,
ihrll, seeds , polle n 1nd 6ther org1ntcs, and cer~tcs) w'll be l~ct~
to varying degrHS depending on the Interrelation of the physical,
dtl!lllcal, a nd blologlu I tOIIpOneiiU o f the O.vfl ~"yor 1nd Watana
resenof r ecosystem. The degru of dtterlorat l on will depend on the
effects of Initial llllJnd atlon , leng th of Inundation, spe<lflc chl!llfc1l
fiiYfro.-.t and the aattrtel type. Bone Mterla l will suffu •lt.e ratfon
or CG~~Pi ete deterioration due to atteck by •lcro-o rganlsm. ,!!though
wood hu been reported to be presenrd In 1 su'-rged contut , nrying
degrpes of chealcal 1nd blologfcal deterioration 1re possibl e within the
rtstrvoln resulting In che119es fn the CCCIIOSitlon ud quentltfet of
vegetal and •I ntra I cOIIpOntnU of tht wood. Charc01l, 1 wood by-product ,
lpptars to suffer little fro. the eff ec ts of Inunda t ion with tht exce p-
tion of lon of tht uterhl Itsel f through wchanfcal D~ocessu.
Shell 111ttrl1l that aay exist ~t lthln t he reservoir wfll be llttrtd dvt
to celcha Inching ruolting In deterlont lon. Seeds, pollen , 1nd
other organic Mttrl•l will suffer the effects of 11fc r oblologlcal
1ctlvity resulting In deterioration or destruction. Ceraaics v fll
deteriorate due t o calcf11111 luchlng , wtlkrnlng of the clay body, 1nd
lnc reesrd porosity. Other thin .rcllanlcal fi!Plct uuslng breakAge 1 nd
horizonta l 1nd ~ertlcal .:~v~nt, lithic Altrlll h no t likely t o br
l~cted by Inundation.
Ktchanlcal and bl~loglcal processes as they affect cul t ur1l .. ttrfal can
result In aorpholo9ic&l and composftlonal dlfferencei (dl ffer~tlal
presernt lon) In t~ cultural tneabhge wh fch wfll In turn 1ffect site
tnd regiona l Interpretation and t he application of analytical uch-
nlques.
•· S -l!p!cu to Dat fng • ~ Allalyt lul TuM1ques
Various dating 1nd ana lyt lea 1 techniques han great ut 1 ll ty In archeo-
log1ul research . A loss of, or decrease In tilt ,..terfal on will ell
4-S
a~Jlytical tec~~IQ U!S ~r• applied, or c~roels• of the v&lldlty of test
~suits by var ious ·posslbl~ alt~ratlons o f th~ ••at~dll will srnrely
affect an:h~ologiul In terpretation. O.tlng t~chnlques lnclud~:
carbon-!•. obsldl~n hydration, arc~~gn~tlc , f ission trac~ and alpha-
recall tract, and tbt1110lucslnuc~nc~. Analytical techniques lnclu~s:
soil chsistry (pH, phosphite, nitrite, pottsilu:a, 0'9anlcs, ulclwa,
aag~sl~. and sodlua), source ldtntl~lcatfon , microscopic ena lyals of
lrtfhc u, Survey technlquu and rsote sensing, and qualftatht dati
re1at f n to suata and fut ures.
In terms of soil chellfstry, responses viii be ah~ ~tt fth ~spect to
inundation. While pll ~ttill be '01tter ed (110re ac idic) the relltlve lntu-
and Intra-she results should sti 11 be c~r&bl e . Phosphate nlues
lttill be l01tttred (poulbly due to a tiCIIIIOgtnfllng effect), altllougll like
pH relative results should still b. useful. Slallarlly, nltrne and
pounf~ va lues •Ill be l01tttnd. It Is possible tllat the 110011nt of
0'9lnfc ruur In the soli Ntrfx tiiJ' also be ,.educed. ta let en content
~ttf ll decrease ltthlle aagnesfuao content ana sodfu• levels w111 reuln
stable.
Analyt lea l techniques thll I dent lfy the canst I went e lst!nts of art I -
facts such as neutron activation, op t ical eafsslon spenroscopy, X-ray
fluorescence and X-r1y diffraction will not likely bP lffKted by
lnundltlon.
Alth011gh additional resurcll needs to be urrfecl out It IPOtars that
source Identification an~lysts of artfflct mine rals using various
techniquu sucll as neutron-activation analysts, OPtical fl'l •sslon spec-
troscopy , X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction to Identify constitu-
ent el-nts tt lll not be subnantttlly ll!l)tcttd by Inundation. It Is
also possible that r.lcroscoplc analysis of lHhlc artifacts to I dentify
plant and an1111l resldu~ t:~ay not be affected by Inundation, although
there Is the possfDillty that eechanfcal abrasion .ay occur wh ich could
obscu~ wear and rpsfdue analysis.
4-6
D.!~ to the acc-latlon of sflt, changes In 1110rphol ogy, •~d changes In
Ytqttatlon within tM reservoirs, survty techn iques Includ ing I"SSIU
Stnsh\9 will ~ aff~ct~d · "I til re s~ct to r~locatlng burltd sttu or
conducting additional surv~y (unde rvater surviP.y or surv~y ~urlng draw.
cfown) within the reservoirs because of the obscuring of these resourcts.
Oualltetlve data In teras of non-rsovablt UPKU or t~ site such u
soli color and texture will ~ significantly Impacted by fnundltlon.
4-7
5. 1 lletlloo~
(a) J~e~~~ct Ar~as
III!Pfct as~e~SIIellt h blsed an t~ l"f!llt.iansMp of cultunl nsources to
htpac t 1nas. lq~act ar~as lnclud~ the following features atld facil-
ltf es : .ccess routes, access route borrow areu, borrow a ren A urrougll
l, Devil Canyon construction areas. Dtvol Canyon Reservoir, geotechnical
testing areu, recreation arus , railroad route, trai\SIIIsslon routes ,
Watant construction area, and the Watana Reservoir. The relttlonship of
cultural resourc es to project features and fa cilities is defined with in
the context of a three zone systm (zones A, B. and t , figure 3).
l!~pict assess.ent relltes t o t~ cultural resources lc.•.ted and/or
doclieented during ~ cou~e of ~ Unlvrrsl tt of Alaska Kuseua's
cultural resource progr .. (Di xon et al. 1985).
(b) Zone Systm
The three zones (figure 3) developed for 18plct assessaent ~k~ Into
consideration construction, Inundation, and operation or the Susitna
Hydroeltctrlc Project as we ll as ava ilable data on pen=~frost and slope
instability usothted with tloe reservoirs. Zone A consisu of the aru
within al l project features and facili t ies, sue~ as ~ r~servotrs,
acceH rootes, borrow ereas, construction aren, etc. for t~ reser-
voirs , zone A Is subdivided Into four subzones --AI , Al, AJ, 1no AC .
These subzones are modified froa ntltrvolr zones 6e11ned In the National
~servo!r Inundation Study (Lenihan et al. 1981). Zone A and Its
subzones are defined as follows:
Zone A Area within proje<t featwres and fac!lltle~
Zone AI Prrranent conservation pool (Watana 2065 feet as!, Dtv!l
Canyon reservoir !COS fret asl l I ncluding tee fon=atlon
zo ne.
5-l
l
A4
DEVIL CA NY ON RESERVOIR
2&40 300 200 100
(O.SMil
A 3 1466
A2 \455
'""· ...
2200
21 00
2000
11100
1800
1700
WATANA RESERVOIR
2202 c
:nu 100 200 300 2640
A2 lOA Mil
65
A I
Figure J. Zones and Subzones
5 -2
loM A2 Shoreline fluctuation zone , dr~ zone (DO I'N l operat·
1"9 zone, llauM 2065 to 2195 fl!@~ asl, o.vn Clnyon 1405
to 1455 fen ul ).
Zone Al Upper fioodpool (Kixf-"~~r surface, Wauna U02 feet
asl, Dev il ~on 1466 feet 1st).
ZOII! 1.4 Downst:rna 1 Ol\f ( cbml trua f rm ·lit una a lid Dtvt 1 Cvlyon
d-).
Areas not within projtct fea tu ~s or fac ilit ies but a dJacent {...tthin 0.5
•lles) to them are defined 11 zone 8. Zones 8 Is subdivided Into four
subzones bas ed on horhontll distance frc. the reservoir (figure 3)
and/or other project features or fac ili t i es and are defi ned IS follows:
Zone 81 Area between a feature or fa cility and 100 feet.
Zone 82 Area between 100 feet and 200 ·feet of 1 future o r
fac ility.
Zone 83 Area between 200 feet and 300 feet of a project feature
or facility.
Zo~ 84 Area be tween 300 feet and a nd 2640 feet (O.S ailts) of 1
feature or fa cility.
~ t hfnl zone In this system, zone C, represents the area beyond O.S
alles of any projKt ftature or faciltty includlncJ the I"Herv oi r.
lc) Cultural Pesourct'S and Zones
fl9urt'S 8 through 47 In the Appendl,; show the location of cultu ra l
resources In relation t o project features and fac11f tfes IOI 2on et al .
1985). Based on these ups. cultura l resources have been uslg.ned t o
the approprltte zone or zones. The uslgn=ent of cu1tur1l resources t o
1 zone or zones Is base~ on the two dtm proposal as outl i ned In the fERC
1ppl1cat1on. Cultural resources assign~ to zones v1 thin the reservoirs
is based on full hnpoundlll!nt of the reservoirs. Zones wl th fn t he
reservoirs , as we ll as b•ckshore zones (81 , BZ. 83 end 8~). will fluctu·
ate with respect t o fill ing and drawdowns of the reservoirs. Cultural
resources and the zone(s) fn which they fa ll ere listed a t the end of
5-J
this chtpter fn Tlbles l, 2, 1nd 3 and gr19h lcally dlspltyed In rtgv~
4, 5 tnd 6. 8ectust cv l tvrtl resources can fall within or tdjacent to
1110re than one feature or flci llty they un be listed In multiple zones,
for example , site T~ 022 Is located In borrow E tnd fs also tdjacent to
the Dev f l CI"YOn reservoir and therefore Is l i sted In z ~s A end 81.
As 1 re~ult of 8Ult l ple lfst lng the tottl number of sltts by zonas 1n
Ttble l Is 346 while thr total nllllber of culturtl resourct.s located and
docurJen ted as 1 result of the Hus-•s cultural resource progr•• fs 270.
flfty·sh culturtl resources ftll In 110re than one zont (Ta ble 3). Of
these 51 ftll 1n twO zones and five fall in three zones. Culturtl
resources that fall within the SUit zone but for different futures or
facilities tre listed In ltblt 2 only once , for exaaple, sftt TlH 016 Is
In zone 83 with resPtct to tht pe,...nent alnni p and zone 83 with
respect to the Vatana construction c-=9. As 1 resu l t of listing cultur·
•1 resources only once If they fa ll I n the SUit zone IIOrt tll&n once
Tlble 2 shows 331 cu l turt l resources by zones. Culturtl res ources fn
this category are as fol l ows : TlH 016 (83, 83 ), TLM 018 (84, 84, 84),
n.M 078 (A, A), TlH 088 (A, A), TlH 098 (84, BC ), TUil06 (84 , 84), TLM
107 (84, 84). lUI 110 (84 , 84 ) n.M 112 (84, 84 ) TU11l1 (84, 84 ), TlH
160 (S4, 84 ~, n.M 165 (84 , 84 ), n.M 166 (84, 8(), tnd TLH 19 2 (S4, 8<1 ).
Of tne 331 cultural res c~rces by zones u snoom tn TttJ l e 2, the follow·
!ng ~rs tnd percenttges represent etc h zone (FI911rt ~):
With i n Pro ject Ftttures and f ac1l !tl es £xclus1 ve of Reservoirs
Huai>er . .
l one A 45 13.5
Wi t hi n Re servoi r s
l one AI 61 19.1
Zone A2 18 s.e
l onl' A3 2 .6
Zone ~~ 8 z.:
5-4
100 I
I R ~ Re servoir Related
:::!80
~
~ A !"
p ~ ~60
':' ~ I A Ill "' I :=
0 c .,
n ,.
... 40 :!{ ....
0
"' "' !" A A A A A A
20
A Ai A2 A3 A4 81 82 83 64 81 82 83 84 C
AdJ•~ent To Reservoirs
!lumber s
Zone 81 s l.S
82 3 .9
83 2 .6
84 C6 13.9
Adjacent to Project Features and Facilities
Exclusht of Reservoirs
Zone 81
Zone 112
ZOne 83
lone 84
3
0
s
95
.9
0
1.5
28.7
llot Adjacent t o Project Futures or Facllftfes
Zone c 38 11.5
The number of cultural ~•sources by zone Is as follows: A zone a (126),
8 zones (167), and zone C (38) (Figu~ 5).
CulturJl resources can al~ be organlz!NI Into l.hos:e that fall wh.llin
pTOjtc t features and factlttlts (zone A), those t hat fall wlthfn the
reservoirs (zones Al, A2 , A3 and A4 ), tltose that fall adjacent to the
r eservoirs (zones 81, 82, 83, and 84), those that fall :d jacent to
project and facilities exclusive of the reservoi r (zo~~ S!, 82, 83, 84)
and those that do not fall adjAcent to any features or fac f11 ttes (zore
C). The IIUI:Oer or cultural resources and percentAges for cul turAl
S-6
-----~---
... ;;; c ..
!" 126 .00 A Zones
g
~ ..
!.
1:
'f' i .... .. n • :' ... 0 :> = ~
~ .. 8 Zon es 16 7.00 i
~
resou rces orga ni ze d i n this fa shion as depl e ted In Figu re 6 are IJ
foll ows :
ll\llbeT
Wi th in fea t ures and fa cil i t i e s (zone A) 45
In res ervoirs (zon es AI, A2 , A3 and A4 ) 81
Adj ace nt t o res erv oi rs (zo nes 81 , 82, 83 , and 84 ) 64
Ad j acent •to proj eu f eat.ures and fl cflit l es
ex clus i ve of reservoi rs (zones 81 , 82 , 83 and 84 ) 103
Hot adjacent t o ffatures or flcil ft l es (zone C) 38
s
u.s
24.5
19 .3
31.1
11 .5
Culll.lra l resou rces by zones 'Within feat.ures and fa ciliti es fnd udlng the
rese rvoir t o ta l 126 (3Bt ). A to ta l of 16 7 cul t uTa l resources by zones
are loc ated adj acent to f eatures an d fac ili t i es Inc l ud i ng tht ntJervolr
(50.51 ). A total of 293 (88.51 ) cultura l re sou rcu by zontS are locued
with in or adj ace nt t o fea tu res and fa ci li t i es. The r..alnlng 38 (ll.SS)
cultura l resources by zonel are not adjace nt to any ftltures o r fuflf ·
t ies .
(d) l11p1CU Wi t hin Zones
Large , lltdl_., and saa ll sule cultura l resou rce s and their I11111UU we re
discussed In cha p t ~r 4. lcptcts as the y rel ate t o t he zone systea
deve l oped for this proj ett are dhcussed In t his sec t ion.
lone A (are a wi thin features and fa cili t i es exclusive of t he reservo i r )
wi l l be di rec t ly Impa cted by ground di sturbing act i vi t i es associ ated
wf t .h construction of tccess roa ds . Cti!IPI, reno va l of bor r ow M terl al ,
t~e cons t ruction of dtaS , and associated facili t ies, a nd cons t ruction of
recreat ion fa cilities , etc. as ou t llr~d In section l.l .
Zone ~I (P!rNne nt cons ervet lon pool): Aft er l nlthl Inundation cul -
tu rel resou rces In this zo.ne will rema i n under a per'lllenen t colUlllll of
wt t er except in cases of se vere dr awdown . Ini t ial soil saturetion
dur ing f illing vlll accelerate erosion In port io ns of the r eservoirs
5·8
I --------------
:::!
"" c
~
!"
g
1: ..
~ .., •
With~n Features 45 .00
Bi .O O In Reservoirs
i
;:! :
;-
":" ~Ad) ... •
Reservoirs 64.00 .. ;; ,. ..
0 ... • . .. c
~ .
&. ... .
~ Ad) Features 103 .00
..
• !'
..
-
..
alrndy actively slu~~ping as we ll u areas susceptible to t his proctSs
(figu res 49 -54 In Append iJ). Depending on the fill rate and reservoir
geQDQrphology, shorellne-rtltted ero$1on wil l ~~'t thr flu,Qltt1ng
shorelines as It 80Ves w1tll the ffllfng orocess. With the uceptlon of
we t/dry cycling this Is the s-process that will occur In the nucw-
ating shoreline zone (zone A2 ). Once tile filling proce~s 1S CD~~Pl ete
zone AI wil l be under a permanent column of wa ter comprising the reser-
voir poo4. Afte r the reservoir basin has reached tqulllbr lu. eros ... n
and slumpage will decrease end depositional activities wil l pnrdaafnate.
Cultural reswrcn that svrvln the Ini tial episode of reservoi r f illing
will eventually be IM!rlecl under layers of eca.~lettd silt wlliclllll)'
Wlrp ~ltural deposits and uuse Ule loss of d1t1 due to lack of accu -
slblllty. Bloch~lcal processes tllat will Impact cultural resources
du r ing end Immed iately after fill ing should drop off once the reservoi r
ecosysteas stabilize and once sflt deposits accumul ate. One of the 80St
clestructlve activities that w111 occur In zone AI w11l take pllce prior
to IIIVIIduion wlltn borT"O"W uurfal fs ,_ved fro. borroot areas wftJttn
the ruervolr"s, banks of the resrrvolrs are stabilized, trees are cleer
cut (possible activit)'), and areas are prepared for d .. construction.
After the Initial cons truction phase, human and anl.al activity within
this zont should be •lnlaal with the possible e~ceptlon of s evere
drawdown -hen h~ns and 1n1 .. 1s .. Y disturb st•blll zed reservoir
.. rg fns u a result or land and rKrtatlonal use by h-ns tnd foraging
Activities by ant .. ls.
Zone A2 (shoreline fluctuat i on zone ): Th is portion of the reservoir Is
subject to seasonal drawdown which drtstlcally curtails geological 1nd
blologlul stablllutlon. This zone Is by far the 110st dutructfve zone
for culturtl resources w1t.htn the reservoirs dut to proctnu that
con~rtbult to sbortltft~ formtiOll. I~~Ptct to c~ltunl resourcH will
result froa wlnd -9tr.trated weve actloft, near-short currents, ei"'Sion
(wi nd 1nd water), wi nd deflttfon of se•sonally t~sed silt deposits
with little vegetation protectton, verhblt water runoff patterns , end
Invader plant and animal CDmmUnftfes. All these processes will be
ecce lerettd and /or prolonged by one of the gajor destructive factors In
tills zone : wet/dry 1nd freeze/~haw cycles. Blochealcal ICtlvlty will
5-10
...
.,
also be greater In this zone and have 1 greater iiiPact on cultural
resources than In other reservo'r tones clue to lnc reufil l ight penetra-
t ion , higher dissolvfil o2 , and elevated water tecaperature. All chue
cond i t ions will Incrust blod!Ni ctl and biol ogica l actiYftles IUociat-
ed wi th the 11ft and death cycle of Oflltnls.s, res~ltlng fn 1n 1-.,.ct on
oflllnlc cultural reD~Ins. J..,.ct by huaans 1nd '1n 1 ~1s wil l 1lso be the
•fllghest In this zone due to rec reation un, which centers along
shorelines, and uploft1tlon of the aria by anf .. h for subsistence
pur'post5. Boat and floatplane 1ctlvlty will product wnu that will
fc:pact the already susceptible shoreline, furtlltr lncreuing
destruction. The nuontl drawdown will also adversely affect plant
a.a.nf t les that tend to stlbl llze tbe soft r esulting In greater susc,ep-
tlb lllty to erosion and destruction of cultur1l resources .
Zone A3 (IIU I-flood pool ): This portion of tile reservoirs will ~
subject to periodic flooding during episodes or htavy runoff. Thts zone
can be considered u 1 transitional zone be~en tbe direct f-.,.tt of
reservo ir process and lndf rect !~~pacts assocl1ted with areas adjacent to
the ~Sti'Vo i r (8 zone s). Although only flooded occas ionally, this zone
will be l~cted to the extent that s lu=pfng 1nd eros ion , accel erated by
vet/dry tnd frMte /thaw cyc ling, extuds Into these aru. The r1fsfng
of the water table that will result froG filling the reservoi rs, w11l
affect pera~frost In this zone tither directly, or as 1 result of
uplllary action fr(IIA the driWdown zone (A2). lle lttng perwfro:s t will
con tribute to uoslon 1nd .. ss wasting processes. The uunt t o wh ich
this will occur has not been dettnsfned but judging fr(IIA preunt s lU"ll-
lng fn tht aru (e.g. Wauna Crnt area) It could extend seve ra l hundred
feet beyond the top of the drawdo!m zone (A2). Stable vegetatton In
thh nea would serve t o dec rease s .. ll -scale eros i on but will not
protect the 1re1 froat nows and slua~~~lng result ing froc conditions
wl th fn the reservoir tha t carry over Into t his zon e. S~rt ttna f lood -
lrTg during high wa ter periods shou ld have little effect on vegeutfon
cover which should quickly subillze afterwards. As 1 result, eros ion
due to the destruct ion of ground cover should be l!l!nl~~~al. However, H
t he duration o f Inundation fn tbl s zone I s prolonged t t effec ts would
be st•llar to those In zone AZ. Recreation ac ttvl t les within th is zone
5-11
...
brough t 1bout by access affo."*d by t~ hlghtr water l e ~el, 1ncl 111111111
~ubs 1s tence 1ttlvlty stlmullted by ch anges In the ecosystea, will 1lso
result In Impac ts to culture! resources.
Zollt ,14 (downstrum zone ): Tills z.one will be dl t'Ktly affected by
construction pllnft ing i.e. building one or two d-. Tnpplng of snt
with in 1 reservoi r will result In 1 shift downstreea fro. •n agg r ed1ng
to en eroding channel whi ch will Impact cultural resources through
eros ion. In the tbstnce of the Devil Cai'I)'On dp cultur1 l rtSOIIrtU
downstre. fro. the llttttll d• could be Input~ by tllh pTocu•,
depending on Utrir locatfon. \lith construc t ion of tile Otvtl WII)'OII do
sf tes downstream frCD the lie una d111 but above the Devil Cai'\)'On dUI
would be subject to reservo ir processes assocleted wttb tllat do .
Culturll resources downstrua froa the Devil C.I'\)'On da wou l d be subject
to U.e s-flripacts IS tllose downst.-.aa fro. the \luana du. Clllnges In
the quellty of dOwnStreta water due to decre1se f n water teaperature,
change s In water chtQ i stry, ~ecreased sediment load, etc, will tnpect
cultura l resources due t o ch1nges In downstream ec ol ogy 1nd the l~tts
tMt this would havt on cultural resources. I f downstre .. tcttvltfes
such 1s settleaent, Indu stry. ftralng, etc., lncrtlst as a result of the
ava il ab il ity of electrica l power then culture ! resourc e s in areas
assocltted with these ectlvltles would also be Impacted.
lone 8 with I ts subzones 81, 82 , 83 , and &C (tdjlctnt to fntuTts •nd
fa cilit i es Including the reservoi r ). Zones 81. 82, 83. and 84 IS th~
relate t o the reservoirs wil l be l~cte d somewhat differently froon
these zones as they 1p ply to other project f eatures and facilities
(accus ro ads , tr~nsa ls s lon lines, bo rrow area, etc.) due to the nuu~
of the t np~ct •get~t of the folWI!r (tile reservoir ). When '" usoclatlon
with tnt reservo i r these zones will be Indirectly •-.p~cted bY re~trvolr
processes that e•tend beyond the limits of the r eservoirs. As such they
Ire similar to Impacts as discussed In zone Al (m~r lmum flood pool ).
lol'lts Bl, 82, 1nd 83 wl 11 be Indirectly i•cttd D.)' eros ion and •us
wntlng usochttc wit-h ><fl /drJ and freeze/thl>< cycles within v ,e
reservoir zones. Al 1 result of Increased ground wtter levels, erosion
wi th in the reservoi r (subma rine slope failure), and tha wing of
S-12
.. pe,..fron •dJ•~~nt to tile rtstrvotr ruulttng In slope tnsuhfllfJ',
cvlturtl rMOUrus In lhHt umn will be lndlnctly IIIPKttd. mas of
cui'Ttru slope ln~ub llffJ' &rt prt1tnt tlGng tht Suslt,.,. Rf~rtr &lid
stvtr&l of fu trfbuurfts. blnts 11 Ulrcugh IJ, u dtffntd, tAU Into
con~fdtratlon tilt u•l-horizontAl distAnce presently oblb1tn by
utln sl•s &nd now~ In 111 dfort to tddrus 'thh pi"'bl• u It
&pp lfts to full rfStrtoln. lute! on ulstlng d&tz prutnt sl-' &nd
nows bnt re1ct.d l/ltlr t~~glt of rtpost wf Ulfn 300 fttt of tilt ltadiDg
td9f . Out to tht fncrtiStd I CetUfblllty &ffonltd by ICCIU I"'UUS fnto
tilt ~rojtct lrtl, fndlrtet liiplct will oc01r IS 1 rtsult of proJtct
penonntl and the public collecting arttf&cts &nd /or dhturblftV tllelr
contut.
Zone 8-4 is the lrt& beyond O.S allu of the resenoo f r which fs not
&ssoc1attd wtth zones for other project fe&tures and facflHits. l&ud
on &v&flable dati, lap~ct prediction Is difficult In thl~ zone, hOIItvtr,
It Is upected th&t no lap&ct will result from construction , lnundttlon,
or operation of the hydroelectric ftc lll t l es. Although recrt&tlon
ectlv lty can e•tend s~e distinct away froa dtslgn&ted rtcrt&tlon areas
this Is not 1 fa ctor htre because of thu O.S aile criteria Is epplltd t o
tht Indi vidu a l pl&nntd rtcraatlon facilities (trails. caaps , overlook ,
etc.) for the Susltn& Project. Zone Bas It &pplles to otl\tr projtct
futures and facllft l ts Including rtcrtatlon artu ut discussed below .
lent 81 thi"'D~ll ll (0 • 300 fHt Nl}'), IS they 1pply to r>O<J·rtStrvolr
ftlturfS and faci li ties (ICCtSS I"'OdS, IC CtSS 1"010 borrow ll'tiS, Ofvll
tanron construction &rea, recreation areas, tht ra il road. tr&n~lssfon
routes, 1nd tht lo'lt&n& construction art&), will bt Indirectly llll)lc ttd
by construction spl 11-over, englnHnng eodlfltltlon (l r:creulng tilt
slrt of borrow lrtls, or rt&llgnlng tcctss rou~) and tht collec tion of
lrtffacts or other sltt·dhturbfng &ctiYiltes by proj tct persofll'tl
(construction st&ge) or public us~ (oper•tlon Stlgt) &nd recreat ion
activiti es (hunting , c.-ping, biting ar.d ATY and Sr>OW u~btnt actl•'ty ),
Soat lndl rrct lapac t wi ll also result froa <ertd strta• drtfnagt or
runoff part~rn changes brought &bout by des truction or eodlflc&tiO" In
the 1rea geomorphology. The closer th~ zone to oroJect features tnd
S-13
fac1lftles, the more susceptible It 1s to Indirect lq~acu. Zone 8~
(greater than 0.5 miles away) Is not expected to receive Indirect haptct
from the Sus I tna Project, 'flowever, lepact predict I on In this zone h
difficult b.Jsed on present dna.
(t ) lapact Cuegorles
Three l11pact ctttgorle! a r e used In this assessment •• Di rect 1111Pact,
Indi rect Impact, and Ho Impact. Direct lapac t Is the I...Oiately
d-nstnble effe~ts of the Susltna Hydroelectri c ProJect on the
resource bue. lndlnct lll!lllct will result froa tdYerse effects that
•re seconduy but clurly brought about by the proJect and wlllch -ld
not result without it, at lent In 1 predictable t i R (llc-Gime,y and
Davis 1977 ). Ho IIIIPIC t Is tht lack of d1110nstrable or predictable
proJect-related Impact on the resource base.
5.2 • Site Specific III!I!Ct
Based on upected lq~tcts u they apply to the thre zont systea, and
the locati on of cultural resources In relation t o these zones I t Is
possible to assess lapact at the s i te-specific level. Table 4 Indicates
expected IIIPICt for all sites In the project area. Table 5 lists sltts
by l~nPact c.etegory -· direct, Indirect , end no lllll)lct. Based on thh
assessment 120 sltts will bt subject to dlr@Ct l~c t, 152 sites to
I ndirect l !p!ct, and 38 sltts are e~cted not to be lr;p~cted by the
Susltna Hydroelectric Project (figure 7). Sites In both wbles c and 5
renKt tht fact t.hat a sfte can be In a direct lll!l!c t zone (s) for one
or more feature or fac ility and also an Indi rect Impac t zone (s) ~lth
respect to ot her features and facil i ties. This approach ~•s taken to
facilitate the construction schedule and possi ble changes In project
plans.
5-l C
....
~ -e ... .
!
"' -t'
i Indirect Impact 152 .00 ., .. ..
_._ ______ _
f20 .00 Direct Iepact
impact
kEY TO TABLES I THROU~H 5
General
AHRS
H
p
location
AJ
AR
ARB
B
DR
GT
0
OJ
02
03
04
05
RA
RR
T
H-F
W-A
W-l
we
PAS
wee
wcv
Al aska Heritage Resource Survey
Historic
Prehistoric
Adjacen r to project facil'ties or fe a t ures, I.e ., within I mile
Access Route
Access Route Borrow
Borrow Area
Devil Canyon Reservo ir
Geotechnical Area
Site not within 1 mile of project facilities or feature
Si t e found by non-archeology personal
Site found in association with a projec t feature, facility or
receation area that has since been modified, relocated or
deleted.
Si te documented near t~e prDject a rei! prior to the pres ent
study ~rea
Site found during geoarcheology studies
Site found by archeology personnel but not within ! mile of
projec t fa cilities or features
Recre~tion Area
Railrt>ad
Transmission Route
Healy to Fairbanks
Willow to Anchorage
Watana Oam to lntertie
Watana Construction Area
Permanent A11"$.tdo
Watana Construction Camp
Watana Construction Village
5-!6
liD Wauna Da"'
Watana Reservoir
If a site 1s located In association wit h 1110re than one facility or future,
both are 11 s ted.
Land Status
Ak
BA
FE
PR
SP
sss
YS
State of Alaska
Bo•ough Approved or Patented
fedHal
Private
State Paunted
State Selected Suspended
Village Selection
knlk
TY Tyone
Zone A Area wi thin project features and fa cil ities.
Zone AI Penr~nent conservation pool (llat ana 2065 feet asl, Devil Ca~yon
reservoir 14D5 feet asll Including Ice fonna t lon zone.
Zone A2 Shoreline nuctuatlon zone, drawdown zone (nol'lllll operating
zone. wau na 2065 to 2195 feet asl, Devil Canyon 1405 to 1455
feet asl).
Zone A3 Upper fl;,odpocl (maxiRum water su rface, llatana 2202 feet ul.
Devil Canyon 14 66 feet asl).
Zone A4 Downstream zo~e (downst ream from llatana and Devil Canyon dams).
Areas not within project features or facilities but adjacent (within 0.5
milts) to them are defined as zone B. Zone B Is subdivided int o four subzones
based on horizontal dis tuce from the reservoir (Figu re 3) and/or othe r
project features or fac ilities and are defined as follows:
5-11
...
Zone 81
Zone 82
Zone 83
Zone 84
Area between e feature or hell ity ar.d 100 feet.
Area between 100 feet •n~ 200 feet of a projec t feature or
raclhty.
Area between 200 feet and 300 feet of a project feature or
fac i lity
Area between 300 feet and 26 40 feet (0.5 =lies) of a feature or
fa cllny.
The third zone In this system , zon~ c, repre$entt the area beyond 0.5 miles of
any project feature or facility Including the reservo i r .
Slope lnstabfll t y
II
Ill
IV
J.(lv:
1-11
Cl
01
II
HI
Beaching
Flows
Sliding (unfrozen )
Sliding (frozen)
Prl..,ry beaching Instability with sOile potential sliding
{prl..,ry and po t ential would apply to any combination)
Beaching and fl ows possible (would apply to any combination)
Current slope I· stability
Direct lr.~pact
Indirect Impact
Ho Impac t
s-1e
.,__
.,
TABLE I
Cultural Resources hy location , land S•.atus . El ~vat1an, Ho r honul
Dis t ance from rea t ures lhv ~acll l tles, and Z o~(s) ,
AHRSI LOCATION LAND tlEVATION HORI ZONTAL ZO NE (S)
STATUS (ft. above DISTAA CE
s~i level)
TL H 005 (H) AJ(RR) Ak 750 450 84
TL H 006 (H) AJ(RR) AK 700 1400 84
TLH 007 (P) 03 PR 1870 17 ,600 :RA -P) c
TLH 009 (P) RA -0 FE? 2250 0 A
TLH 015 (P) AJ(AR) ss 2275 • 1760 84
TlH 016 (P) AJ(WC-PAS) ss 2425 • 250 83
AJ(WC-WCC) 250 83
JIJ(AR) 1600 84
TLH 017 (P) AJ(OR) ss 21 47 • 2630 84+
TLH 018 (P) AJ(WC-WO) Kll 235~ • 600 84
AJ(T W-1 ) 350 84
AJ(AR) 600 84
TLH 020 (H) 03 Kif 900 5550 (T W-1) A4
TL H 021 (P) AJ(RA-K) SP 2800 3100 c
Tl H 022 (P) B-E TY 1477 • 0 A
AJ(OR) II 81•
Tl H 02 3 (H) DR TY 1454 • 0 A2 , A4
8-E 0 A
TLH Ot 4 (P) AJ(DR) TY 1568 • 600 94•
f.J(B-E) 700 84
TLH 025 (P) 0 ~ vs 2600 5300 (WR) c
TLH 026 (P) AJ(WR) sss 2275 • 100 81-
TLH 027 (P) AJ(DR) KN 1598 • 350 B~-
TL H 028 (P) 04 FE 23 0;) 10,100 (WR) c
TLH 029 (P) AJ(OR) kll 1521 • 350 94•
TlH 030 (P) AJ(DR) KN 1581 • 250 83•
AJ(B-H ) 1250 84
5-19
TABLE I (ContInued)
AIIRSI LOCATION LAND ELEVATION HORIZOHTAL ZONE(S)
STATUS (ft. above DISTANCE
sea level)
TLH 031 (.P) AJ(WR) VS 2700 2450 84+
TLH 032 (P) AJ(WR) vs 2700 2500 84•
TLM 033 {P) WR VS 1843 • 0 AI
TLH 034 {P) DR ~ 1451 • 0 A2, A4
8-1 0 A
TLH 035 (P) AJ(8-E) I'S 1600 800 84
TLH 036 (P) 02 sss 2800 3100 c
TLM 037 {P) 02 VS 3000 6000 {WR) c
TLH 038 (P) AJ(WR) ss 2500 950 84+
TU1 039 (P) WR ss 2131 • 0 A2
TLH 040 (P) WR VS 1689 • 0 AI
TLM 041 (P) AJ{8-H) vs 2450 2400 84
TlH 042 (P) AJ(WR) sss 2325 • 250 83+
TLH 043 (P) WR vs 1680: • 0 AI
AJ(B-J) 700 84
TlH 044 (P) 02 sss 2900 5200 (WR) c
TU! 045 (P) 02 SP 2900 5700 (WR) c
TlH 046 {P) 02 SP 2900 6200 {IIR) c
TLH 047 {P) AJ{WR) sss 2800 1600 84+
TLM 048 (P) IIR ss 2090 • 0 A2
TlH 049 (P) AJ(WR) sss 2400 600 84+
TLM 050 (P) WR vs 1635 • 0 AI
TlM 051 {P) AJ(B-F) ss 2300 2000 84
TLH 052 (P) OS sss 2900 6000 (IIR ) c
TLH 053 (P) OS sss 3200 310 0 (WR) c
Tlf'\ 054 ( p ) 8-C ss 2465 • 0 A
AJ( RA-H) 250 83
TU'I 055 (P) 6-C ss 2479 • 0 t;
AJ(~ H) 700 84
5-20
"
TABlE 1 (Contlnu~d)
AHI!S• LOU.TiuH LAND ELEVATION HORilOt.TAL ZOHE (S)
STATUS (ft. a bove DISTAilCE
sea level)
TLM DS6 (H) B-C ss 2404 • 0 A
AJ(RA-H ) sso 84
TL H 057 (P) AJ(RA-L) ss 3100 2000 e4
TLH 058 (P) WR VS 1682 • 0 A!
AJ(B-1) 700 84
TlH 059 (P) II R ss 2177 • 0 A2
TlH 060 (P) 1/R ss 21?6 • 0 A2
TLH 061 (P) \IR ss 2062 • 0 AI
TLH 062 (P) IIR vs 1836 • 0 AI
TlM 063 (P ) \IR vs 165 6 • 0 AI
AJ(B-J) 450 84
TLH 064 (P) AJ(IIR ) vs 2213 • 100 81 +
TLH 065 (P) IIR sss 1959 • 0 AI
TlH 066 (P) 04 ss 3000 6900 (IIR ) c
TLM 067 (P) 04 vs 3588 86 ,200 (IIR) c
TlH 068 (P) :.r ss 2750 30,800 (DR) c
TLM 069 (P) OS sss l600 2400 84
TlH 070 (P) GT ss 3000 32,500 (DR ) c
TLH 071 (H) 01 sss 2375 2900 (RA-J) c
TLM 072 (P) IIR sss 1830 • 0 AI
TLH 073 (P) AJ(IIR) sss 225 7 • !SO 82•
TLH 07 4 (P) AJ(IIR) sss 2300 1~0 82•
TLH 075 (P) IIR sss 1956 • 0 AI
TLH 076 (P) AJ(IIR) sss 2325 900 84•
TLH 077 (P) ,_.R sss 1768 • 0 AI
TLM 078 (P) 8-C S? 2t79 • 0 A
RA ·H 0 A
TLH 079 (H) 1/R sss 1739 • 0 AI
5-21
TABlE I (Contllllled )
AHRS• LOCATION LAN O £LEVATION HORI ZOIITAL ZONE(S)
STATUS (ft . above OJ STANCE
su l evel )
lll' 080 (H) 1/V vs 1581 • 0 AI
!1-J 0 A
lUI 081 (P) B-t ss Z&OJ ~ 0 " J.J(AA-H) 350 ,,
TU1 082 (P) GT ss 3600 52 ,800 (IIR ) c
TUI 083 (P) AJ(RA-H 1 SP 2503 • 100 81
lUI 084 (P) 8-C SP 2A4 7 • 0 A
AJ (RA-H ) 700 A
TLM 085 (P) 8-C SP 24 38 • 0 A
AJ(RA-H ) 950 Ill
TU1 086 (P ) 8-C ss 2~38 • 0 " AJ(RA-H) 1!00 8.¢
TU1 087 (P ) 8-t SP 2455 • 0 A
AJ(RA-H) 800 84
TU1 088 (Pl 8-t ss 2418 • 0 A
RA·H 0 A
TLH 089 (P) AJ(RA-H) ss 2650 1750 84
TLII 090 (P) AJ(RA-H) ss 2800 1950 8.¢
TLII 091 (P) AJ(RA -H) ss 2~ 2 400 84
TU1 092 (P) OS ss 2700 3330 (B-C) c
lUI 093 (P) OS ssm~ 2700 3100 c
T1JI 094 (P ) a-c ss 2«7 • 0 " AJ(RA -H) 2300 84
TU1 095 (P) 8-C ss 244 2 • 0 A
AJ (RA-H) 1950 84
TLII 096 (P) 8-C ss 2441 • 0 A
TlH 097 (P) B-C ss 2462 • 0 II
A.l(RA-H) • 600 8C
TlM 098 (P) /.J(.tll) SP 3050 1300 6'
AJ{l!l.-l) 2500 8C
S-22
TABLE l (Continued)
AHRS , LOCATION LAHO ELEVATION HORI ZOtiTAl ZOHE(S}
STATUS (ft . abov e DISTANCE
sea lev el )
·TLM 099 (P) AJ (AR ) SP 3100 Z100 84
TlJI 100 (P) AJ(RA-J) sss .2875 1500 84
Tlf'l 101 (P) AJ (RA-Q) ss 2499 • 100 B1
TlM 102 (P) liR VS 1701 • 0 AI
TUI 103 (P) AJ{AA -Q) ss 2520 • 450 B4
TlM 104 (P) II R vs 1817 • 0 Al
TlJI 105 (P) AJ{AA -J) ss 2875 2300 84
Tlll 106 (P) ARB ss 3105 • 0 A
AJ(AR} 1300 B4
AJ(T 11 -1) 1500 84
TlJI 107 {P) ARB ss 3165 • 0 A
AJ(AR ) 1500 84
AJ(T ll-1) • . 1750 84
TlM 109 (P) ARB ss 3193 • 0 A
AJ(AR) 1950 84
Tlll 109 (P) ARB ss 3336 • 0 A
AJ(AR) 2200 84
TlJI 11 0 (P) ARB ss 3420 • 0 A
AJ (AR ) 1300 84
AJ(T 11 -l) 1750 84
TLM Ill (P) ARB ss 3343 • 0 A
AJ(AR } 2500 84
TlJI 112 (P) AJ (T 11-1) ss 3300 700 B~
AJ (AR ) 1150 B4
TLM 113 (P) ARB ss 2475 • 0 A
AJ(AR ) 700 B<
TLM 114 (P) ARB ss 2520 • 0 A
AJ (AR) 2200 84
TlJI 115 (P) IIR sss 1968 • 0 AI
TlM 116 (P} AJ (AA-l ) ss 2800 1300 84
5-23
TABLE 1 (Con t inu~d )
'<HRS~ LOCATION LAND EL£VATIO,. fiORIZOHTAL ZONE(!)
STATUS Cft. 4boVf DISTANCE
su 1~·~1)
TLH 117 (P) AJ(AR) SP 3100 600 84
AJ(RA-L) 2200 84
TlH 118 (P) AJ(OR) TY 1750 800 84+
TlM 119 (P) IIR VS 2!72 • 0 A2
TUI 120 (P) AJ(IIR) VS 2250 450 84+
TlM 12 1 (r>) AJ(WR) VS 2250 100 81+
TUI 122 (P) AJ(WR) vs 2250 1050 84+
Tl)l 123 (P) AJ(WR) VS nso 900 84+
TUI 124 (P) AJ(WR) VS 2250 700 84+
TlM 125 {P) AJ(II R) VS 2250 1000 84+
TLH 126 (P) WR vs 2078 • 0 A2
Tl H 127 (P) AJ(W ~) VS 2250 350 84+
TOI 128 (P) AJ(IIR) sss 2750 1750 84+
TLK 129 (P) AJ(IIR) YS 2300 1500 84+
TLH 130 (P) WR VS 2200 0 A3
TUI 131 (P) AJ(WR ) vs 2220 450 84+
TLH 132 (P) AJ (WR ) vs 2250 700 84+
TlH 133 (P) AJ(WR ) VS 2220 350 84 •
Tlll 134 ( P) AJ(WR) sss 2625 950 84+
TlH 13 5 (P) AJ (IIR) sss 2625 1000 84•
TLH 136 (P) AJ(WR) sss 2580 1100 84+
lUI 137 (P) AJ(T W-I) sss 2120 -2300 84
Tl H 138 (P) OS sss 2650 1200 84
iLH 139 (P) AJ(WR) sss 2530 700 84 +
TUI 140 (P ) AJ(IIR) sss 2475 a so 84•
TLH 141 (P) AJ(WR ) sss 2450 1000 84·
TLH 142 (P) AJ(WR) sss 2450 IJOO 84•
TUI 1'3 (P) AJ (WR) sss 2580 • 500 94•
TLH 144 (P) 05 sss 2725 1850 (II R) 84
Tl H 145 (P) AJ(IIR) sss 2350 450 84 ·
5-24
TABLE l (Continued )
AHRS; LOCATION LAND ELEVATION HORIZO:.'TAL ZOHE (S)
STATUS (ft. above DISTANCE
sea level )
·TL M 146 (P) OS sss 2750 1900 (IIR) 84
TUI 147 (P) AJ(IIR) sss 2410 1350 84-.
lUI 148 {P) AJ(WR) sss ~400 750 il4•
TlH ug CPJ OS sss 2650 '650 (IIR)
TLM ISO (P) 05 sss 2630 2650 (IIR ) c
ru : 151 (PJ 05 sss 2400 1750 {WR) 84
TUI 152 (P) OS sss 2630 415 0 c
llM ISJ {P) ARB ss 2621 • 0 A
AJ(WR) 700 84
TU4 154 {P) OS sss 2650 3700 c
TLH ISS {P) AJ(AR) SP 3200 700 84
Tlll 15 9 (P) AJ(WR ) ss 2400 1150 84+
TLH 160 (P) AJ(WC-WCV) ss 2300 1950 84
AJ(AR) 19SO 84
llH 164 (P) AJ(S-F) ss 2200 2SO 83
TLM 165 (P) AJ(OR) ss 2344 • 17SO 84+
AJ(T W-I ) 19SO 84
AJ(WC-l/D ) 2100 84
TU4 166 (P) AJ(IIR ) ss 2330 • 2500 84 <
AJ(T Il-l) 2100 84
AJ(IIC-110) 2100 84
llH 167 (P) AJ(IIR ) ss 2273 • 2400 64·
AJ(WC-l/D) 2500 84
TUI 168 (P) AJ(AR) ss 3100 800 84
TLM 169 (P) WR ss 2140 • 0 A2
l lH 170 (P) AJ(IIR) ss 2400 IQSO 84•
TLI'I 171 (P) 1/R TY 2160 • 0 A2
TLM 172 (P) AJ(IIC-WCV) ss 2240 • 450 84
llM 173 (P) II R sss 2104 • 0 A2
TLM 174 (P) II R ss 206S • 0 AI
5-2S
TABLE I (Continued)
AHi!S( LOCATIOII LAND ELEVATION HORIZONTAL ZONE(S)
STATUS (ft. above DIS TANCE
sea level)
TL14 175 (P) IIR ss 2061 • 0 AI
TLH 176 {.~>) 8-f ss 2407 • 0 A
Tl/4 177 (P) AJ(IIR) ss 2228 . 100 81+
AJ(hl) 700 84
TLH 178 (H) DR J()j 1400 • 0 A1, A4
8-1 0 A
TLH 179 (P) AJ(RA-k) sss 2600 450 84
TLH 180 (P) D2 n 1824 • 2900 (D R) c
TLH 181 lP) .\J(ARB) ss 2400 2200 84
TLH 182 (P) 1/R sss 21 47 • 0 A2
AJ(RA -J) 900 84
TlH 183 (P) AJ(l/R ) sss 2500 1300 84•
Tl/4 184 (P) IIR ss 2014 • 0 AI
TLH 185 (P) AJ(IIR ) S5S 2500 900 84+
TLM 186 (P) AJ(RA·K) sss 2400 600 84
TLM 187 (P) AJ (RA-J) sss 2500 3100 c
TLH 188 (P) 8-F ss 2178 • D A
TL H 189 (P) AJ(IIR ) sss 2550 1750 84•
TlH 19n (P) AJ(IIR) sss 2550 550 84 •
TL H 191 (P) AJ(ARB) ss 2450 13DO 84
TlM 192 (P) AJ(IIC-IICY) kN 2200 450 84
AJ(AR) 1750 84
TlH 193 ( P) AJ(AR8) ss 2400 1950 84
TLM 194 (P) IIR sss 1860 • 0 A1
TLM 195 (P) AJ(IIR) ss 2500 2300 84•
TLM 196 (P) IIR sss 2172 • 0 A2
Tl/4 197 (P) AJ(I C-PAS) ss 2400 250 83
TL H 198 (P) AJ(IIR) ss 2400 700 84 .
Tl/4 199 (P) IJR YS 1679 • 0 AI
A,'(B-J) 1400 84
5-26
~AitE I (Cor.tlr ... e~)
;l!l!s• l~iiC~ t..lJII) El£VATIOII IC);:tJZO~"TAI. ZQIIE(S )
STATUS (ft. lboYf
su ltnl)
DISTAHCE
lUI 20' (P) IIR vs 1801 • 0 AI
AJ (8-J ) 900 84
Tl~ 201 (P) 8-C 5S ;-aoz • 0 A
AJ(AA-11) 1250 84
~ 202 (P) 8-F ss 2357 • 0 A
AJ(~-") 1«00 84
iU' 203 ,,, a.r 55 2374 • 0 A
AJ (RA·H) llOO 84
~ 201 (H) ~"'I sss 2012 • 0 A1
lUI 205 (P) 01 sss 3300 38,700 (Ill) c
TUI 206 (P) IIA sss 2160 • 0 A2
TLH 207 (P) ~J (IIR ) sss 2252 • !50 82•
Tl H 208 (P) AJ(RA-K) sss 3396 1850 84
lUI 209 (P) 8-F ss 2422 • 0 A
~J(RA·H) 250 8J
TUI 110 (P) 8-f ss 2~58 • 0 •
AJ(RA·H ) 350 84
iUI 211 ,,, 8-C ss z•u • t' A
AJ(U-H) 350 84
lUI 212 (H) !-f ss 2093 • 0 •
lUI 213 (') 8-C S5 23!6 • 0 A
AJ(RA-H ) 600 !'
TU' 214 (P) 8-F ss 2618 • 0 A
AJ (AR ) 1400 8~
TUI 21S (P) WR ss 2010 • 0 ,I.J
TLH 216 (P) WR ss 1970 • 0 AI
lUI 217 (P) WI! S5 2080 -0 "' Tlll 218 (P) \i7 55 2200 -: lol
liJ( 219 (P) AJ(1111) S5 2350 2000 l!C·
TIJI 220 (P) \i~ ss JC:6: -Ci ·~
5-21
;mE I ((Oflt ...... t~)
<liA•' LOCATIO~ ~1"1!) EUYATJCt; "001 !Z01;; lol ZOIIE(S)
>.Aru:> (ft. •bo•t
sea le•tl)
D!S•A~C£
TlK 221 (P) 1111 ss 1981 • 0 AI
TUI m tl') 1/R ss t930 • 0 AI
TlH 223 (P) 1/R !.~ 1947 • 0 AI
TlH 224 (P) IIR 55 1966 • 0 At
TUI 22S (P) liP 55 1956 • 0 AI
IlK 226 (P) lilt ss 1974 • 0 AI
lUI 227 (P) liP ss I~! • 0 I. I
lUI 228 (P) \Ill YS 111:6 • 0 AI
TlK 229 (P) \Ill vs !843 • 0 AI
AJ(I-J) IS SO ..
ru nor~>> lr.! YS 1659 • 0 AI
AJ(&-J) sso " TU' 231 (P) ltll ss 19SO • 0 Al
TUI Z32 (i') 1111 ss t763 • 0 AI
TlH tll (P) Ill' ss 1660 • 0 AI
AJ(S-J) 450 84
TLH Z34 (~) 1/R ss 19011 • 0 AI
TLH 235 (P) 1/R ss 1845 • 0 AI
Tl)l 236 (P) II R ss t860 • 0 AI
TlH 237 (P) IIR ss 2011 • 0 AI
llH 238 (P) 1111 ss 1748 • 0 AI
lUI 239 (P) 1111 s~ !7-!t • 0 II
TLH 240 (P) liP ss tm • 0 At
M W (P) liR ss ! ''1 • 0 AI
•lK 2C2 (P) 1/R ~s 1745 • 0 At
TLK 24~ (P) \i;:! ss 193! • c Al
·u• z.c.c c:•> It';> ss 2070 • c A2
rue .,,~ (P) AJ(ARB) ss 2400 19SO f4
AJ(!;Jt) 2<00 e:.
Tll' 2CE (P) ~ ss 190 . 0 AI
5-28
TAi!lE I (Continued)
;I!RS• lOCATION LAHD ElEVATION ~RIZONTAJ. ZONE{S)
STATUS {ft. above DISTAHCE
sta le•el)
TlH 2~7 {P) 1111 55 1795 • 0 AI
TUI 248 {H) WR 55 1840 • 0 -1
TL!~ 249 {P) WR ss 1745 • 0 Al
TUI 250 (P) WR ss 1682 • 0 AI
lt.M 251 (P) WR ss 216~ • 0 A2
Tll4 252 (P) D ~ 1(11 1308 • 0 AI , A4
llM 253 (P) OR 1(11 1303 • 0 AI , M
TlM 256 (P) IIR ss 1699 • 0 AI
TLM 257 (P) IIR vs 1675 • 0 AI
TUI 2S8 (i>) OR vs 1453 • 0 A2 ,.
B-E 0 A
TlH 259 (P) DR vs 1404 • 0 A., A4
8·1 0 ~
H£A 007 (P) AJ (T H-F) 1450 2100 e1
HfA 0 12 (P) AJ(l 1!-F) SP 1500 700 14
H£.A 033 (P) AJ(T H-F) SP hOD 2400 14
I!U 035 (P) AJ(T 1'-F) SP 1500 2000 34
I!EA 038 (P) AJ(l H-r) SP 1500 1300 84
h EA 081 (H) AJ(T H-r) AK 1250 2200 84
H£A 091 (H) l (II-F) Ak 1400 0 A
li EA 137 (P ) AJ(T H-F) SP !350 1950 8~
lo!rA 17 4 (I') 02 FE 3150 1]00 (AR ) ~
HEA 175 (P) 02 FE 3300 58,000 (
I!EA 176 (P) AJ(RA-l) FE 3175 Ill ,000 c
HEA 117 (P) GT FE 4 100 72.200 (A!!) t
H£A 178 {P) GT FE 3400 81 ,400 (AR ) c
HEA 179 (P) GT FE 3000 70,200 c
IlEA ISO (P) AJ(Ail) FE 3200 900 84
HEA 181 (P) ARB FE 3074 • 0 A
AJ(AR) 2200 84
5-29
TAllLE I (Cont I nutd )
~KIISI lOCATION lAND ElEVATION ltlRJZOIITAl ZOHE(S )
STATUS (ft. ebove OJSTAIICE
sea level)
HEA 182 (P) ARB FE 3106 • 0 A
AJ(AR) 2200 84
h'EA 183 (P) AJ(RA-l) F! 3500 2500 84
I!£A 184 (P) AJ (RA·l ) FE 3100 2300 114
HEA 185 (P) 02 FE 3300 4300 (AR) c
I'.EA 186 ( p) 02 F! 3445 24 ,1 00 (AR) c
HEA 210 (P) 02 SP 1400 4400 c
HEA 211 (P ) AJ(AAB ) FE 3 126 • 7650 c
FAJ 070 (H) AJ(T H-F) AK? 950 1150 84
fAJ 089 (H) AJ(T H-F) AK? 1000 2500 84
fA! 090 (H) AJ(T H-f) AK? 1100 2660 84
fA! !69 (H) AJ(T H-F ) A.K? 1000 2000 84
fAJ 213 (P) 02 SP 750 3100 (T H-F) C
fAI 214 (P) 02 PR 1200 15400 (T H-F) C
TYO 01 4 (P) AJ(T W-A ) SA 100 100 81
. Altimeter meesure~ent
• Adjecent t .o reservoir
5-30
1A.tH 1
t.I Uh. fu1~"i .UJH•"' " lul•-'" ..
ttllhcthUn ., , .. 11, .. ~.., -:-...... ~, ..
'
•I u u .. ll c .. .. ., c .. ' .~
tu•l:":t ru-·w tUI au-""110 1\.•m n•otr· .... ,, 1\11-1\Jt 011 n.w t\11! ..... ..... 1\AIII'
t\._f!Cfl .. ...... n, Dl• T\11. ,, ... au-n•m rutJc ...... tlP Qt ..
1\.• "'' 1\A~-...... ""., nr Ul• h.,. OC). ta.,an "-"""" ........ IUt ,., lt.-U1 ...... n... •:.s '"''" ....... ~ ... ott -~-1\>110-tt~ ttl n•.,. ~··· rv-tn lUllS ... ....... .......... ........ ltl" 1M :um-'~ 111· tu• OJt ........ I'ULIU 1\AIIt
1\PCK-"-•Ill "" ... 1\A IU• ruom '"' .,.. ""I))
Tl• Ol .. IV< OW ''"' Itt tl• tw• ''-" GJt ........ ..... ...
1\_III;Cil ... ..,. "-•"" "'"'" ...... ruom ,.....,
lt•QIO.. tOt ou u.-ltf ,..,. 04 t 1111 .. 1 .. ~ ...
lL• ••• ""m tl~ U1 1l~c...-.. tUIOU· 1\.0111
TLP eta . n ... 01c 1\'• IU n ... nt l1f ... """' I\!OCU. '"'"" "",.,. n..-.ta IU •'-""* "" ... ""on 1\10 ... 111 I» ""*" 1lli.,
TL•at· t\Jitn ,..,. 1\0tn IUI N .......
IU>Oio ,__ IV Ill ""u• ""-"".,. 1\r .... ..... ft fi!J U "" 13 1\J<IIlj. "".,, .._._ ....... tuo HI 1\AW "" ... 1\A C ,. ... bJii h Ant-1&.1P Ul tt• ••• t\Ofll
t\,• OJJ• .... .,. IUO Ut n·-"""' ., .... "" 111 t\• Ul n•,... .......
h .. • IOJ· "" ... .... Ul '~·--l'l•tM
fl .. liSo ...... fl., Ul tv.., .. n ' u1 '""lot:. fUll,... TV' t)C I .... 1l•1W
1V" ., ..
... _
ta.•Ui ,,. OM ""til
t\• 111· ....... n "' u ' t .. • .. J n•..,
,,. 11).. "' rll n • m '""',.'f. n•:ot
tV' Itt.. IU' lit n.• •• , n·-
fl..•lU-..... l2t tl• ,., ,~. ""
IL• U t ttJtUI rt-lU ·~·.,. .. '" 1\• U t-~t-•m fl• U ) ·l· "" ott ....
rv-ua tfJI, II) lL• 1U ........ ~ .... ,
.... Jet· ., .. ,.
ft• "' '" ta ..c • 171
h • r.l· IV' II> u~ 1 .. ::~~.-~ ... '" n·= "'"' t&.• Ut ,,~ 1 .... ..,. '"
ll• •v• 111 fl• IU-· ... J(l. C# IU
,. n:.. '!\ ... m ,,. U.e.• ll• ,,... .... llt
. , .. :u . ..... ,.. . , ... u·-'-· l-Ot-~·•n
.... J:l "'"t Al ... , .... r..; •tllliUO.
1\• tU• ,,. ,,, ,, .. ,., 1lfo Ul ..
H• nc ... 4..-.Ul-h • •. u tl ... tu U t eto
h .• IU• J:,.llliUJ tl•l n ~·H). U ) II) ,,. , .. ,, .. l)A .. .. 1U' Uh ... , ...
tut JJ). fi.•lM •t.• U' ,,. ,,. ... .. 'l"'ll1
t«4nt h • IJI ,,.,, .. H.•· rn
-t• U 1• •L• •• ~ .. ,..,.. IL"' 1M
tC • Ill• h ~~~; U t h •t U
,,~,.
S-31 .... , ..
. .
• . . .. .
''"" tu t LJt;lll
""XJ lUI,.. ..,.,.,
""" "" ,.,
lUI HO
1\~ ,.,.
rut. hl· "",.
""IS>• ,_
'•n •f t ••u
1. U ti t!OI'tt ...... ,
Vl\lt• FU\,N"t
.... '"""'"
.. .,
t.Qac "' ... r n ..,.,
I" hUtit1n
r_.1 .. r•tt• ------------{
.. ll .. "
5·3Z
..
.. .........
fU!III
lUI IU.
1U Ill ...... ..,._ ......
"" I&J· ......
""an
Min·
tlAitt
.... Ill .......
~ll.• "l
lUI IN
lUI 111 ........
~tUI Jtl• ....... ... -lUI .. ... ,..
"" fll•
UA I U•
MUt • ... ,..
"" , .. 'U' ,., ..
~~ :•s.. .... .... .,
.ca on
,.. on
o« OJt
.... 1
.U Ul
oe.• , • .... ,.
loU U l •
IIU Ill• ..... , .. ... ....
U l CJ-1 .... .... ...
TAat.E 3
tul tun 1 Resourc es lfsted "fn Here than One Zone
SITE ZOMES
2 ZONES
~ 016 !3, 84
TU1 OZZ A, 81 •
TU1 OZ4 84 •, 84
TlH 030 aJ•, 84
TL.M 043 AI , 84
TUI 054 A, !3
T1JIOS5 A, 84
TUI 056 A, 84
TlH 058 AI, 84
TUI 063 AI, 84
TUI 080 Al , 84
TUI081 A, 84
TUI 084 A, 84
TUIOBS A, 84
TUI 086 A, 84
TUI087 A, 84
TlH 094 A, 84
TLH 095 A, !4
TUI097 A, 84
TUI 106 A, 84
TUI 107 A, 84
TUI 108 A, 84
TlH 109 A, 84
TLK 110 A, 84
TUI Ill A, 84
5-33
TABLE 3 (Cont i nued )
SITE Zones
2 ZONE S
TlJ( 113 A, 84
TLII 11 4 A, 84
TUI 153 A, 84
TLM 165 84•, 84
TLM 166 84 •, 84
TLH 167 8~·. L4
TLH 177 8)•, 84
TLH 182 A2,84
TLH 199 Al, 84
TlJ( 200 Al , 84
TLH 201 A, 84
TLM 202 A, 84
TLM 203 A, 84
TLM 209 A, 83
TLK 210 A, 84
TLH 211 A, 84
TLH 213 A, 84
TLH 214 A, 84
Tll'l 229 Al, 84
TLH 230 AI , 84
TLM 233 At , 84
TLH 245 84 •, 84
TL H 252 AI , A4
TUI 253 AI , A4
HEA 181 A, 84
H£A 182 A, 84
5-34
TABLE 3 (C ant fllll ed )
SITE
TUI 023
TUI 034
TLM 178
TUI 258
TUI 259
• Adj a cent ta l esenoai r
l l 0h1S
5-35
ZOHES
A, A2 , M
A, A2, A4
A, Al, M
A, A2, M
A, AJ , M
7~lE 4 Cultura l Resources ancs EJtpecttd lep.ct
R£SERVOIR
AMRS LOCATION ZOI(E 6£ot.OGY AKD SOIL EXPECTED
HIJ(SER I liP ACT
P£111WROST SLOPE
IIISTU ILI TY-
TUI 005 AJ(RR) 84 IIJ. It
TUI OOS AJ(RR) 84 HA II
TUI 007 03 c MA IIJ
TUI 009 AA -0 A MA 01
TUI DIS AJ(AR ) 84 IIA II
TUI 016 AJ(WC-PAS) 83 X HA II
AJ(WC -WCC) 83 X HA II
AJ(AA) 84 X HA II
TU4 017 AJ(OR) 84 • X HA II
TU4 Ul8 AJ(WC-110) 84 X HA II
AJ(T 11-E) 8A l ItA II
AJ(AR) 84 X HA II
TU4 020 03 A4 HA II
TUI 021 AJ(AA-K) c IIA HI
TU1 022 8-E A 0 I 01
AJ(OR) BJ • 0 II
TUI 023 OR ~2. A4 0 01
8-E A 0 01
nK 024 AJ(OR) 84 • HA II
AJ(8-E I 84 HA II
TLK 025 OA c IU. Ill
TU4 026 AJ(IIll) 81 • 0 1-11 II
TUI 027 AJ(OR) 84 • 0 HA II
TU4 028 OA c HA HI
TUI Oli AJ (DII) sc · H/1. II
TABLE 4 (Con t inued)
RESERVOIR
I.HRS LOCATION lOiiE 6£0lOGY AIIO SOil ffPECTED
"'IJI3EJI I Ill' ACT
PEliAAf'ROST SlOPE
I HSTABILJTY••
TlK 030 AJ(OR) 83• X HA II
AJ(B-H) 84 X HA II
TLK 031 AJ(WR ) 84 • HA II
M 032 AJ(WR) 84 • HA II
TU4 Ol3 WR AI 0 IV 01
lUl 034 DR Al , Ae 0 I 01
8-1 A 0 01
TU4 035 AJ(B-E) 84 liA II
lUl 036 02 c liA Ill
rue 037 02 c HA .HI
Tl M 038 AJ(WR ) 84 -Cl, IV II
TLK 039 IIR A2 X Dl
TLK 040 WR AI X IV 01
rue o.ct AJ(B-H) 84 HA !I
TlM 042 AJ(WR) 83• 0 1-111 II
TlM 1).(3 WR Al 0 I Dl
AJ(B-J) a.e 0 II
MQ.C4 oz c H~ Hl
llK 045 oz c IIA HI
TLK 046 02 IIA Ill
TLM 047 AJ(WR ) 84 • I-IV II
Tl/'1048 WR A2 I 01
ILK 049 AJ(WR) 84 • IV-II II
TtY 050 WR AI IV 01
TlM OS! AJ (8-f) 84 1(1. II
rue osz OS c ~ Ill
5-37
TABLE 4 (tont i"Ved )
REStR YOIR
AIIRS LOCATI ON ZONE GEOLOGY AN ~ SOIL EXPECTED
IMI8ER !HI' ACT
PETIIW'ROS T SLOPE
IJISTA!lll fl-
lUI ~3 0~ c IIA Ill
TLH 054 8-C A IIA 01
AJ(RA-H) 83 HA II
TLH OSS 8-t A HA 01
AJ(RA-H) 8¢ IIA II
lUI 056 a-c A HA DI
AJ(RA-H) 84 IIA II
TLH 057 AJ (RA -l) BC HA II
TLH 058 Wit AI 0 DI
AJ(B-1 ) 84 0 II
TlH 059 1/R A2 X DI
TLH 060 lilt 1.2 X Dl
TLH 061 1/R Al X DI
TLH 062 \'II Al l I IY) DI
TLH 063 Wit AI 0 lY DI
AJ(8 -J) 84 0 IV II
lUI 064 fiJ(WR ) 81 " lY II
T'Jt 065 1/R AI Dl
TLH 066 04 c HA Ill
lUI 067 04 c liA Nl
TLH 0£8 GT c IIA Nl
iLM 069 05 84 IIA II
TLH 070 GT c HA HI
TLH 071 01 t HA II
TUI 072 WR Al 0 DI
TUI 073 AJ(IIi) 82• J lY ·ll Dl
5-38
TABLE 4 (Con t inued)
RESE RVO IR
AIIRS LOCATION ZONE GEOLOGY AliD SOIL EXPECTED
H\118ER IKPACT
PERIWROST SlOPE
INSTAS!LITY ••
TtK 074 AJ(WR ) 82• HJ. II
TUI 075 WR AI IV OJ
TlK 076 AJ(WR ) 84 • HA II
TtH077 WR AI I OJ
TlH 078 8-C A Ill. OJ
RA -H A HA OJ
TUI 079 IIR Al 0 I OJ
TtH 080 1/R AI 0 IV OJ
8-J A 0 I\' OJ
'LM081 B-C A HA OJ
AJ(RA -H) 84 ~~~ II
TUI 082 GT c HA HI
TLM083 AJ (RA-H) 81 NA II
TLM 084 B-C A N/. OJ
AJ(AA-H) 84 NA II
TlH 085 B·C A N-. OJ
AJ (AA-H) 84 WA II
TtH 086 8-C A ~~~ OJ
AJ(RA-H) 84 II~ II ... TtH 087 8-C A Nk OJ
AJ(RA-H) 84 Ill. II
TtH 088 8-C A ~~~ OJ
RA-H A II' OJ
nH 089 AJ(RA-H) 84 Nl. II
TLH 090 AJ(RA-H) 84 ~~~ II
TLH 091 AJ( AA·H) 84 Ill. II
S-39
TABLE < (Continued )
R£SEIIVOIR
AlfRS LOCATIO N 20H£ GEO LOGY AmD SOIL EXP£CT'ED
111111£11 Jill' ACT
PERIWROS1 SlOPE
INSTABILITY"
lUI OS2 0.5 c HA HI
lUI 093 OS c ICA Ill
rut 094 8 -C A HA 01
AJ (IIA-H ) 84 IIA IJ
TUI 095 8-C A HA Ill
AJ (IIA-H ) 84 HA II
TUI 096 8-C A IIA OJ
TUI 097 8-C A HA OJ
AJ(IIA-H ) 84 HA JJ
TUI 098 AJ(All) 84 NA II
AJ(IIA-l ) 84 HA IJ
TU1 099 AJ (AR ) a• NA II
TUI 100 AJ (RA-J) 84 HA II
TUI 101 AJ (RA-o ) 81 liA JJ
TtK 102 WR AI 0 I Y 01
TLK 103 AJ (AA-Q ) 84 HA II
rut 104 IIR AI 0 I OJ
TUI 105 AJ(AA-J) 84 IIJ, II
TL HID6 ARB A NA 01
AJ (AR ) 94 HA II
AJ(T 11-1) 8~ NA II
Tlll 107 ARB A NJ: OJ
AJ (AR ) 84 IIA 11
AJ(T 11-1 ) 84 NA II
TLH 108 AAa A HA 01
AJ(AR) 84 llA II
!>-40
TA!lE t (Contlnu!d)
RtSERYOl'l ms LOCATI"ll ZO~t G£0t06Y AN!) SOIL £.XPECT£D
P!UI!!Ifll IMPACT
PE W ..\fROST SLOPE
INSTAB I LITY ..
TI.H 109 ARB A NA 01
AJ (AR ) 84 NA II
TLM liD ARB A NA 01
AJ(AR) B4 NA 11
AJ(T 11·1) B4 HA II
TUI Ill ARB A NA Dl
AJ(AR) B4 NA II
lUI 112 AJ(T 11-1 ) B4 HA IT
AJ (AR ) Bt MA II
TIJ4 113 ARB A NA Dl
AJ (AR ) B4 NA II
llH 111 w A NA 01
AJ(AR) B4 NA II
TU4 IJS 1111 Al 0 I DI
TU4 llfi AJ(RA-1 ) B4 NA II
TU4 117 AJ(-11 ) B4 NA II
AJ(RA-l) 8.t ICA II
M 118 .AJ (OR) 84 • HA II
lUI 119 1111 A2 0 IV 01
Tl " 120 AJ(VII ) B4 • X 1-IY II
TlH 121 AJ(\IR) 81 • X I-IV II
M 122 AJ(IIll) a.• 1 1-11 II
TU4 123 AJ(IIR) 8'· X 1-11 II
TLH 124 AJ(WR ) 8'· X 1-11 II
TUI 125 AJ(WR ) B4• X 1-IY II
TUI 126 IIR A2 • I 01
5-41
IA!l£ ~ (Contlr.~~O )
RESERVOIR
AHRS lOCATION ZONE GEOLOGY AHO SOil EXPECTED
IIIIISER IMPACT
P£l!HAFR05T stOPE
I liST AS Ill Tl""""
TU1 127 !.J(IIR) 84 • I I·IY ll
TUI ~l8 .U(IIR) S:• 11 . rv II
.,.. .. ,. 129 .U(IIll) 84 • I 1-IY tl
TUI 130 IIR AJ X I-IV OJ
TUI 131 .U(WR) 84 • X I-IV II
TLM 132 J.J ( IIR ) 84 • X I-IV II
TLM 133 AJ(WR) 84 • X 1-11 II
TUI 13• AJ(IIR) 84 • II , IV II
TUI 135 .U(IIR ) 84 • It , IV fl
TUI 136 J.J(WR) 84 • II , IV I!
TUI 137 .U(T Il-l) 84 l NA II
TUI ll8 05 84 IIA 11
TUI 139 .U (IIll ) 84 • II , IY 11
TUI 140 .U(IIR) 84 • II, IY II
TLK 141 J.J (IIR ) 84 • II , IV II
TU1 JC2 J.J(IIR ) 84 • II, IV II
TLK IU ltJ(IIR ) sc • II, IV II
TLM 144 OS 84 HA II
TlH 145 J.J(WR) 84 • I I, IV II
TLM 146 05 84 IIA II
TLM 147 ~J (I.'R) 84 • II , IV tl
TU1 148 J,J(Io'R ) 84• II, IY II
TU1 149 05 c HA HI
TUI 150 C5 c IIA Ill
TUI lSI GS 84 IIA 11
TU1 152 05 c JCA HI
s-~2
:~£lE c (Con tl~td )
R£SEAVOIA
.u!RS LOCATION l Oll! 'EOlOGY ~0 SOil £lPfC'TtO
111,1'.3£11 !"'ACT
PERIWROS T StOP £
lltSTABI L JT\•,..
Tll1 153 ARB A NA Dl
AJ(AA ) BA NA I II
M 154 OS c IIA lJ
MISS AJ (AR ) .. IIA II
M 159 AJ (Iift ) ... liA tl
M 160 AJ (~: ~:-:) ac I NA II
AJ(AR) 84 NA II
TLK I~ AJ(B·fl 83 NA II
TLK 165 AJ (OA ) BA • X IIA II
AJ (T 11 -1) BA X HA II
,;,vc-wo) BA 1 IIA II
TLK 166 AJ (WA ) BA • X IIA II
AJ (T 11-1 ) BA NA II
AJ(WC-110 ) 84 NA II
T~ 167 AJ (WA ) BA • X IIA II
AJ(IIC-110 ) ac X "" II
TLK 168 AJ(AI!) 84 IIA II
TLK 169 llll Al 01
M 170 AJ(WA ) ... NA II
TU' l7l VII A2 I 01
TLK 172 AJ(WC·IICY) ec X NA II
TLK 17; 1/A A2 0 Cl, I (II) 01
TU' 174 1111 AI 01
TL'I 175 loP '-1 X 01
TlK 176 8-f A IIA OJ
5-Cl
...,
TABLE 4 (tontfnutd )
...
... RESERVOIR
AHRS LOCAnO H ZONE GEOLOGY AKD SOIL EXPECTED
NUMBER IMPACT
PEl!MAF'ltOST SLOPE
llfSTABI UTl..,
rum AJ (l/11 ) 81 • I IV II
AJ(8-J) 84 X IV II
TUI 178 DR AI, A4 0 OJ
8·1 A 0 Dl
lUI 179 AJ (RA ·K) 84 HA II
TUI 180 02 c I HA II
lUI 181 AJ(ARB) 84 X "" II
TUI 182 1111 A2 0 IV 01
AJ(RA.J) 84 0 IY II
TUI 183 AJ(WR) 84• IV II
lUI 184 1111 AI X Dl
TUI 185 AJ(k1t) 84 • tl, n-11 II
TU1 1116 AJ(PA-K ) 84 "" II
lUI 187 AJ(RA.J) c HA Il l
T1Jt 188 8-f A HA 01
TU1 189 AJ(WR ) 84 • Cl, IV-II II
TUI 190 AJ(WR ) 84 • Cl, IV-II II
TUI 191 AJ(W ) e• lt Hfa II
TUI 192 AJ(VC-VCY ) 84 lt HA II
AJ{All) 84 J lilA II
lUI 193 AJ(.W) 84 J ~~-II
TUI 194 WR AI l I (I /) DJ
T1Jt 19 5 AJ(WR ) 84 • HA II
TUI 196 II R A2 0 IV 01
lUI 197 AJ(VC ·PAS) 83 "" II
lUI 198 AJ(IIll) 84 • IIA II
S-44
..,
TABLE 4 (Con t lnu t d)
RESERVOIR
AHRS lOCATlON ZONE GEOlOGY AIIO SOIL EXPECT£0
HOOER IMPACT
PERIWROST SLOPE
IH.STASILITY ..
TUI 199 w At 0 Dl
AJ (a..;, 84 0 11
rut 200 -~ AI 0 Dl
AJ(B·J) 14 0 II
TUC 201 8-C A NA OJ
AJ (RA·IIJ 84 IIA 11
TUI 202 11-f A ICA OJ
AJ(RA-H) a• IIA II
TUI 20J B·f A IIA OJ
AJ (RA-H) 84 NA II
TlH204 IIR At 0 Cl , II OJ
TUC 205 01 c NA HI
TUC 206 lilt A2 0 IY ·ll 01
l'JI 207 AJ(IlR) BZ. l IY·II II
TUC 208 AJ (RA·I:) 84 HA II
IDI 209 B·F A HA 01
AJ (RA·H ) 83 NA II
TLH 210 IH A HA OJ
AJ (RI'-'1) se NA II
TUC 211 8-C A IIA 01
AJ(RA -H) Ill NA II
TUC 212 1-F A HA OJ
TUC 213 8-C A NA 01
AJ(AA-H) 84 NA II
TLH 21 4 8-F A NA 01
AJ(AR ) sc NA II
5-4 5
TABl E • (Con t inued)
RESVtYOIIt
~.HAS lOCATION ZOKE mllll'f AI([) SOIL £JP£CTtD
h'I.IIBER Ill' ACT ..,
PERMAFROST SlOPE
INSTABILITY-
TUI 215 VII Al X OJ
TU1 216 IIR Al 0 01
TUI 217 IIR A2 X Dl
TUI 218 IIR A3 X 11-111 01
TUI 219 AJ (IIR ) ... "" 11
M no VII A1 X I OJ
TUI 221 WI Al I 01
TUI 2U lilt Al 0 OJ
TLK223 IIR A1 X 01
TUI 224 IIR AI X OJ
TL M 225 IIR AI I OJ
TLM 226 IIR AI 0 OJ
TU1 2t7 IIR AI I OJ
TUI 2211 IIR AI 0 OJ
M m ~ A1 0 01
AJ(I-J) .. 0 II
TUI 230 IIR AI 0 01
AJ(B-J) 84 0 II
TUI 231 IIR AI l OJ
TUI 232 IIR AI 0 01
~lll va AI 0 01
AJ(B-J) .. 0 II
Tlll 234 IIR AI 0 01
TtH 235 WR AI 0 OJ
TLH 235 Wll AI 0 OJ
TLH 2~7 iiR AI l 01
5~6
TABLE 4 (Continued)
.., RESERVOIR
AHRS LOCATlOH ZONE GEOLOGY AHO SOIL EXPECT£0
HUKBER IMPACT
PERIIAFROST SLOPE
INSTABILITY_.
TLM 238 1/R AI X OI
TLH 239 1/R AI X OJ
TLM 240 1/R AI 0 DI
TLH 241 1/R AI X OJ
TUI 242 1/R AI 0 OJ
TLK 243 1/R AI X 01
TLII 244 WR A2 I OJ
TLII 245 AJ(ARB) 84 X NA II
AJ(IIR) 84 • X HA II
TL H 246 1/R AI 0 I OI
TLH 247 IIR AI 0 OJ
TLH 248 IIR AI 0 11, IV OI
TLM 249 IIR AI 0 I OJ
TLM 250 1/R AI 0 OJ
TLM 251 WR A2 0 Cl, I (II) 01
TLH 252 OR AI, A4 0 I Ol
TLH 253 OR AI. A4 0 I OJ
TLK 256 1/R AI 0 I (IV) 01
TLM 257 WR AI 0 OJ
TLH 258 OR AZ, A4 0 OJ
8-E A 0 01
TL/1 259 OR AI, A4 0 01
B-1 A 0 OJ
HEA 007 AJ(T H-F) 84 HA II
HEA 012 AJ (T H-F) 84 NA I I
5-47
..
..
TABLE • (Con tinued )
RESUVOIR
AIIRS LOCATION ZONE G!OLOG't' AICD SOil O:PECTED
lltMI!ER l!GIACT
P211Mo\fROST SLOP£
IIISTABILI TY ..
HEA033 A.I(T H-f) 84 HA II
HE.A 035 AJ(T If-F) 84 HA II
HEA 038 AJ(T H-f) 84 HA II
I£A 081 AJ(T If-f) B4 HA fl
HEA 091 T(H-F) A NA 01
I£A 137 AJ(T H-F) 84 NA II
HEA 174 02 B4 NA II
H£A 175 02 c NA HI
I!£A 176 AJ(RA-l) c NA HI
HE.A 111 GT c NA HI
HEA 178 GT c NA HI
HE.A 179 &T c NA Ml
liV. 180 AJ(AR ) 84 "" II
I!£A lBI ARB A /lA 01
AJ(AR) B4 NA II
HE.A 182 ARB A HA 01
AJ(AR) 84 HA II
HE.A 183 AJ(RA-l) 84 HA II
HEA 184 AJ(RA-L ) s• HA I I
H£A 185 02 c NA Ill
HEA 186 02 c HA HI
HEA 210 02 c NA PII
HEA 211 A.I(AJ!!) c HA HI
FA! 070 AJ(T H-f) 84 "" II
FA! 089 ~(T H-F ) ac NA II
5-48
AHIIS
HIJI8EA
lOCATION ZOHE
rAJ 090 AJ(T H·fl c
FAI 169 AJ(T H·F) 84
fAt 213 02 c
FAI 214 02 c
TYO 014 AJ(T W·A ) 81
• AdJacent to reservoir
RESERVOIR
GEOlOGY AAO SOil
PERtiAFROST SlOI'E
IIISTA8 i l :i!-
IIA
HA
"" HA
IIA
Applie to areas vlthln 300 fHt of ~ upptr noodpool (All
X Ptnnafrost present
0 Ptn:~~fron not present
• Site In ertl not covered by ptnnafrost .. pplng
KA Not applfuble
5-49
EXPECTt.D
I liP ACT
Ill
II .,
"'
II
TASLE 5
... Cultur•l Resources by Impact Categorr and Zont
Expected Impact
Direct Z?ne(S) Indirec t Zone (s) llo l•ct z-
IIIPICl I~~Ptct
T1..H 009 A lUI 005 a.4 TUI 007 c
lUI 022-A lUI 006 84 T1..H 021 c
TLH 023 A, A2, A~ TLH 015 84 TLH 025 c
T1..H 033 AI T1..H 016 83,84 T1..H 028 c
T1..H ~ A, 1\l., A14 lUI 017 M• MOJ6 c
TLH 039 A2 TlH 018 84 TlH 037 c
TLH 0140 A1 TLH 020 A4 TLH 0« c
TlH 00-AJ n:o 022-81 • MOCS c
TLH 048 A2 l!.H 0?4 84•, 84 TlH OC6 c
TlH 050 A1 TLH 026 81 " TlH 052 c
T1..H 054-A TLH 027 84 • lLH053 c
TlH 055 -A M 029 84 •· M066 c
TLH 056-A lUI 030 83 •, 84 TUI 067 c
M 058-Al TlH 031 84 • TLH 068 c
M 059 A2 M 032 84 • M 070 c
T1..H 060 A2 TU1 035 84 M071 c
TLH 061 AI TtH 038 84 • TLH 082 c
T1..H 062 AI TUI041 84 TLH 092 c
TlH 063-Al TUI 0'2 BJ· M093 c
TlH 065 AI TLH 043-64 TUI 149 c
TLH 072 AI TLH047 84 • TLH ISO c
TlH 075 AI T1..H 049 84 ' nH 152 c
TU1 077 AI TUI 051 E4 TUI 154 c
TLH 078 A TU1 054 -83 TUI 180 c
T1..H 079 AI TLH 055-8 ~ TLH 187 c
5-50
TA!l.E 5 (Conti nued )
Ol rtet Zone (s) • lndfrtct Zone($) liD lq~.ct ZOM
lcplct IIIIPitl
TUI 080 A, A! TUI 05 6-84 TUCZOS c
TUI 081-A nH 057 84 HEA 175 c
TUI 084-A n~e 058-84 II£A 176 c ... TI IC 085· A TUI 063-84 HEA 177 c
n11 086-A n~e 064 81• II£A 178 c
n" 087-A TLH 069 84 HEA 179 c
TU1 088 A TUI 073 82 • HEA 185 c
TUt 094-A TliC 074 82" HEA 186 c
TUI 095-A n" 076 84• H£A 210 c
TlH 096 A TlH 081-84 HEA 2U c
TlH 097 -A TUI 083 81 fAI 090 c
TUI 102 AI TUt 084-84 fAI 213 c
TUI 104 Al TUI 085-84 fAJ 21 4 c
TUI 106-A n " 086-84
TUI 107-A TUI 087 · 84
lUI 108-A TU1 089 84
TUI 109 · A TliC 090 84
TUI 11 0-A TUI 091 84
TUI lll-A TlH 09 4-84
TLH 113-A TLH 095· 84
TL M 114-A TLM 097-84
TLM 115 AI TL M 098 84
lUI 119 A2 TLM 099 84
TLH 126 A2 TlMIOO 84
TLH 130 A3 TLK 101 81
TUI 153-A TLH 103 s.;
TUI 169 A2 lLH 105 114
n,. 171 A2 TUI 106-84
lLH 113 A2 TLH 107-Bt
TU1 17• AI TLH 108-a:
5-SI
TA81E 5 (Colltt-d)
Direc t z-(s) lndlrKt z-h> ., lllpol c:t lON
lllpolct Jr-p~ct
1\.M 115 A_! lUI 109· ..
1\.M 176 A 1\.M 110-8A
TUI 178-A, AI, .\4 TUI Ill· 8A
TUI 182-A2 TUI 112 8A
1\.M leA AI 1\.Mll)-8(
TUI 1118 A TUt 114-8A
TU1 194 AI TUI 116 lA
TLM196 A2 TUI 117 8A
TU1 199-AI TUI 118 •••
TUI 200· AI TUI 120 ...
TU1 201-A TUI 121 at •
TlM 202· A TUI 122 ...
TUI 203 · A TLH 123 84 "
TUI 204 AI TUI 124 ...
M206 A2 TUI 125 a•·
TUI 209-A TU1 127 ...
TUI 210. A TUI 128 ...
TUI 211-A TUI 129 ...
TUI 212 A TUI 131 •••
TUI 213· A 1\.M 132 a.t •
TU1 21 4-A TU1 133 ...
TUI 215 AI TU1 134 I'·
rue 216 AI TUI IJS ,,.
TUI 217 A2 TU1 136 I'·
TUI 218 A3 TUI 137 " TUI 220 AI TUI 138 u
TUI 221 Al TUI 139 •••
TUI 22l AI TUI 140 ...
TUI 223 AI TU1 141 !''
5-52
TABLE S (~nt1n~d )
Of r u t Zone h) • lnd l re1:t Zone(s ) Ho ,..,.ct Zone
lq~act IIIIP&ct
TU1 224 AI TU1 142 a.•
TlH 22S Al TUI 143 84 •
TU! 226 Al TUI 144 84
TtH ZZ7 AI TlH 145 84 •
M 228 AI TU4 146 84
TlH 229-AI M 147 84 •
lUI 230-Al M 148 84 •
Tl.H 231 Al T!.Hm &4
TU1 232 Al TUt 153-84
TU1 233-AI TUt 155 84
TlM U4 AI TU4 159 a.•
lUI 235 AI rue 160 84
TU1 236 AI M 164 83
TtH 237 Al M 165 84 •, 114
lUI 238 AI TlHl66 a4 •, 84
rue 239 AI rue 167 84 •, 84
TlH 240 AI lUI 168 84
TlH 241 AI TU4 170 84 •
TlM 242 ., lUI 172 84
TUI 2H AI 11)1 177 81 ". 84
Tlll 244 A2 Tlll 179 84
TlH 246 AI rue 1s1 84
TtH 2'7 AI rue 182-&A .. Tlll248 AI TIJI 183 84 •
TU! 249 AI Tlll 185 84 •
TlM 250 AI TUI 186 84
Tlll 251 A2 TU1 189 84 •
11)1 252 AI. A4 I Lll 190 84 •
Ttll 253 AI, A4 TUI 19 1 84
5-SJ
TlM 256 AI TLH 192 84
TABLE 5 (Con tinurd )
Di rect Zone{s) lndirrct Zone(s) No la.,aet zone
!DlpiCt Impact
TU1 257 AI TLM 193 '84
TUI 258 A, A2, A4 TLM 195 84 *
TUI 259 A, AI, A4 TLM 197 83
HEA 091 A TUI 198 84•
HEA 181-A TLM 199-1!4
HEA 182-A TlM 200-84
TLM 201-84
TLJ1 202-84
TLM 203 -84
TUI 207 82*
TLM208 84
TLH 209-83
TLH 210-84
TUI 211 -84
TLM 213-84
TUI 214-84
TLM 219 84 •
TLH 229-84
TLH 230-84
TU1 233-84
TLH 245 84•, 84
HEA 007 84
HE A 012 84
HEA 033 114
HEA 035 84
HEA 038 84
HEA 081 8(
HEA 137 84
HE A 174 84
5-54
IlEA 180 84
TABLE 5 {Conti nued)
Di rect lone{s) Indirect Ione (s) No l~~ptct Zont
!lapact IIQPICt
HEA 181-84
HEA 182· 84
HEA 183 84
HEA 184 84
FA! 070 84
FA! 089 84
FA! 169 84
TYO 014 81
• Adjacent to Reser.oi r
• listed under .ar t t~an one i mpact Cltt9ory
5-55
81 Btl OGAAPHT
Alasu Power Aut/lodcy. l98ll. Suslt~ llydroeltttr1 c projKt, FERC
license appHcn ion. Sut.itttd to the Ftdtra l Entrv ~litory
Coaafss I on . Ftbrvary 1983 .
'Alu u Powr Authorfcy. 1983b. Susltnl ll.)'droel tttrlc projKt,
suppl-nu l rtJponus. Subll ltted to tile federal E~~trv ~latory
· Commission. October 1983.
Bacon, G. 1978. Archeology near the IInaM D•• s i te In tile upper
Susltna River basin. Sub!llttfil to the Aluh Dfstrlct , Corps of
EngIneers under con tree t DACV-78-C-0034. l's . on fl le, Unfversf1;)'
of Alaska Hu s eu~. falrblnks, Alaska.
Dixon, E.J., G.S. Smith, W. Andref5~, B.H . Sal eby end C.J . U~tnaohle.
1985. Susltna hydroelect.r l c project, culwral rtJources
lnvestlg.otlon 1979 -1985, Vols. I -IV. Su,-.f ttfil to Ute Aluta
Power Au thority, Anchorage, Al ukl.
F~enl EMrv Rf91,11atory c-1ss1on. 1984. Susl tnl ~droeltctrlc
Projttt, draft ~vfronaenli l Impact state.rnt (FERC Mo.
711 t ~lasl&), Yols. 1-7. Office of Elrctrlc P~r Regulation. Mly
1984.
Lenfllin, D.J., T.l. Carrell, S. Fosberg, l. Murphy, S.L. Rlyl , and J.A.
V.re. 1981. Tht f f 111l report on t.te national reu.-.olr Inundation
study, Voh. 1 and 2. United Sutes lll!~r · .. nt of the lnttrlor,
llltloro~l Put S.nolce. Soutlownt Cultura l Resourt.~ r enter, Santi
Fe, ~ l!vlco.
HcGIKSey , C.R., and H.A. DIVIS. 197 7. The managPDtnt of Jrcheologlcal
resources. The Alrlft Kouse report. Spechl publication of the
Society for Aoterlcan Archeology.
6-1
~alteby , &.H., E.J. Ofxon. and G.S. ~fth. l98S. Susftna hydrr~lectric
Pr~Kt, cul tun 1 rtsou~ts • sfgnfffunct. Report subl lttH tD
t~ Alaska Power Autftorltf , Anc~o raqt , A1 esta.
Schi ff~r , H.8. and G.J . Gumen=~n. 1977. Conservation archuo ogy : 1
gu f ~ for culwral rtsou~t UN~nt studies. Aca6elfc '"''•
lltv York.
S.fth, G.S ., and E.J. Dbon. 1985. Susftna hydroelectric p'OJICt ,
cultural rnourus • •ftlgatfon rtc-ndltfons. Report w.ttud
to t~ Alub Power Authority, Anchorage, 41uh.
6-l
CORRESPOIIOEHCE
United St:tte~ Dq,;truncn t o f the Interior
,,, lll):\.\L l'l'lt;" <.LKVIll
:. • .<;S(o\ RlC.I O~Al UFFaCE .... ,, '!!! r: •S ... , RDnl'ft 101
1122 (.<RO-GCR)
.. .;._"" .• ~l 1£!7'
Or. £. Jaaoa Oi xon, Cu:a:or of Archeology
University of Alaska ~~s.ca
Fa i rbanks, Alaska 99 101
Dear Or. Dixon:
J have roviev~ your dra~t repor~ ontltl~ •susltna
liydroelectdc Cultural bsou rce$ -!•pact Asaesmenr• and line!
It a very f ine pl~c. of ~o rk. Recognl~lng that this draft Is
but one section of a larqer r~port dealing with site
signi f i cance analysis an~ a proposed mitigation and prose~v at!o n
plan tor the p~o j ect a:ea, I t I s a deta il ed and ~ell thought out
lcpact. analysis. I h11ve t !le following general scggenions for
you that may prove useful In succe~!nq rev i sions (I have left
:lllnor editing to your dav!se~;):
--The 1•pact asseS$:ODt s~tio n of the rdport shoold
expl lcl ty Ident i fy that It ts one sect l on of a larger
report covering site significance and mitigation planning.
Otherwise, professionals ond managers alike could, seeing
this document by Itself, perceive of the Imp act as~essment
as lncoaplete for federal preservation planning purposdS.
--When che assesSDent o! site significance Is dor.e, eval~te
the sltoe In the pro j ect area u s i ng defensible,
professional si9nJC i cance criteria Identifying research
potentials, and t ie these to req~lrements o f the Netlonal
Reg !stor of Histo ric Phcos. It Is b :por tant to l 4entl!y
vhlch properties a r e uopo rta n t, tndl v1 4~1 1~, tor potential
tlat !onal Register l!s ung, ond those groups o f sitos that
may quality bS a 4 l str lct o r districts.
I looil f or wa rd to St'"i"'ii your dra!t report sect io:~s for site
s l gni Clca nc• analys i s .~j reco~e ~at i ons Cor
• "'l t !<;alle>n/p:osen•at.e"> ;:~_...,.,,~g.
AI'P~DIX -MAPS
(F1gurt s 8 through 54}