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ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
SUSITNA HYRDROELECTRIC PROJECT
Subtask 7.10
AQUATIC STUDIES PROCEDURES t-lANUAL
PHASE I -Final Draft
-by-
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies
2207 Spenard Road
Anchorage,Alaska 99503
-for-
Acres American Incorporated
Liberty Bank Building,Main at Court
Buffalo,New York 14202
IX
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ARLIS
Alaska ~esoUIces
Library &.fnformatton Services
An.:ngr3Se,Ali1).ska
Tag/Recapture ..
Stock Assessment .
Radi 0 Taggi ng .
TECHNICAL PROCEDURES
ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Study Description and Rationale .
Sona r Counters .
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Objective 1 4
Objective 2 ...............•......•..............•.....4
Objective 3 4
6
7
8
Survey 10
15
15
RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Study Description and Rationale 18
Summer Field Operations 18
Winter Field Operations 20
Study Habitat Locations 20
Tri butary Stream Mouth Sites 22
Slough Sites 22
Mainstem River Sites .................•.........23
Upper Susitna River Tributary Sites 23
Selective Sampling of Fish Concentrations 26
Study Methods ..........................•.........26
Tagging of Resident Adult Species ...........•..27
Resi dent Adul t Tag Recovery 27
Radio Telemetry 27
Level of Effort 28
AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW ST8DIES
Study Description and Rationale 29
Fi shery Habitat Eva 1uati ons 29
Selected Habitat Evaluations ......•..:32
Study Site Locations .........•...................33
Fishery Habitat Evaluations Sites ........••....33
Selected Habitat Evaluations Sites 33
Meth-ods 35·
Water Quality ~35
Hydrology :••••••..39
Substrate It 46
Mapp;ng 47
Level of Effort 52
DATA PROCEDURES
ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Sonar Data Collection and Preparation 53
Escapement Sampling-Age &Length Data ........•..•60
','Label ing Procedu.res .....•...........•...•A.RLIQ
.~~~~Tag/Recapture Data Collection and Prepara~~ns ...~~,"~2'L:'Survey Data Collection and Preparation .t}la;*~a.~.e~?UfSes
,.,5''7:"r ;}.T3ry &(n fonnatlOn Services
"Anchorage,Alaska
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RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Biological Data 78
Juvenile Apadromous 78
Rainbow Trout,Dolly Varden/Arctic Char,
Round Whitefish,Humpback Whitefish,Lake
Trout,and Longnose Sucker 78
Arctic Grayling 83
Burbot ""83
Threespine Stickleback,Cottids,
and Lamprey 83
AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
Assigning Gear Placement Numbers (GPSN)84
Geographi c Code 84
Personal Log Book 86
Compl eti n9 Aquatic Habitat Forms 87
IV.QUALITY CONTROL
Adult Anadromous Studies 95
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous 95
Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Studies 96
Data Rout;ng 97
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V.SCHEDULE
All Projects ill 99
VI.PERSONNEL
All Projects 101
VI I.LITERATURE CITED 104
APPENDICES
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I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VI I.
VIII.
Sonar Installation and Operation Manual .
Oscilloscope Operation .
Fishwheel Operation ..
Fish Tagging .
Electro-Shocking Instructions .......................•.
Habitat Site Locations .
RJ Sampling Techniques ............•...................
AH Instruction Manuals .
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I.INTRODUCTION
The Susitna River,one of Southcentral Alaska's major river systems,drains
into Cook Inlet near the City of Anchorage (Figure 1).The drainage
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encompasses an area of 19,400 square miles and extends north to Mt.Denali
and east almost to the town of Glenallen.The mainstem river and its major
tr'ibutaries are of glacial origin and carry a heavy silt load during
ice-free months.Many of the smaller tributaries are perennially
silt-free.
Construction of hydroelectric dams will affect portions of the fish and
wildlife resources of the Susitna River Basin.The two dam system proposed
would inundate in excess of 50,500 acres of aquatic and terrestrial habitat
upsteam of Devi 1 Canyon.Hi stori ca lly,the long and ~short term
envi ronmenta 1 impacts of hydroe 1ectri c dams have adversely'altered the
sport and commercial fisheries of affected drainages (Keller,1980;Hagen
et.al.,1973 Baxter and -Glaude,1980;Hocutt et al.,1980;Ward and
Stanford,1979).Regulation of the mainstem river will substantially alter
the natural flow regime downstream.The transmission line corridor,
substations,road corridor,and increased access to the area construction
pad sites,will also impact aquatic and terrestrial communities and their
habitat.
The proposed hydroelectric development necessitates galnlng a thorough
knowledge of the chemical,physical and biological parameters and their
seasonal relationships to discharge prior to final dam design approval and
constructi on authori zati on.Prel imi nary envi ronmenta 1 assessments of the
project noted deficiencies in the state-of-knowledge_of _the Susitna
drainage fisheries (FWS-ADF&G,1978).
To ins-u.re adequate information is available to determine the impacts of the
proposed hydroelectric project and to design proper mitigative strategies,
a two-phase data collection progr&m has been developed.This manual
addresses Phase I (July 1,1980-December 31.1981)procedures to be
conducted wi-tbin those study areas outlined in Figure 2.
The followjc~i~{)bjectives are to be addressed in the Phase I field fisheries
studies.:o
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F;gut~J.Susitna River Basin (approximate scale 1:2,200,000).
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:~River Oralnage Study Area--_.....
~\98!Open Wale,Siudy ",rea
~1980-198 \W,nter Study "rea
SUSI.TNA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN
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Phase I study areas,Susitna River basin.
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OBJECTIVE 1
Task 1.1
Task 1.2
Task 1.3
Task 1.4
OB~fECTIVE 2
Task 2.1
Task 2.2
OBJECTIVE 3
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Determine the seasonal distribution and relative abundance
of adul t .anadromous fi sh popul ati ons produced withi n the
study area.
Enumerate and characterize the migration of the adult
anadromous fish.
Determine the timing and nature of migration,milling and
spawning activities.
Identify spawning locations within the study area (i.e.,
subreaches of the mainstem sloughs and side channels,
tributary confluences,1akes and ponds,etc.)and estimate
their comparative importance.
Identify and determine methods,means and the feasi bil ity of
estimating the Susitna Rivers,contribution to the Cook
Inlet commerical fishery.
Determine the seasonal distribution and relative abundance
of selected resident and juvenile anadromous fish
populations within the study area.
Identify spawning and rearing locations of the resident
species and the rearing locations of juvenile anadromous
species to estimate their comparative importance.
Record descriptive information on captured fish (species,
location of capture site,age class),and discuss seasonal
migration patterns of selected adult resident species.
Characterize the seasonal habitat requirements of selected
anadromous and resident species within the study area and
their relationship with mainstem discharge.
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Task 3.1
Task 3.2
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Identify the physical and chemical conditions which appear
to be influencing the suitability of various habitat types
for the species and life history stages of interest.
Characterize the physical and chemical parameters of the
various habitat types found in the study area as they relate
to mainstem discharge.
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To meet the above objectives,the study program is separated into three
sections;Adult Anadromous Fisheries,Resident and Juvenile Anadromous
Fi sheri es,and Aquati c Habi tat and Instream Flow Studi es.The operati ons
of the Adult Anadromous and Resident and Juvenile Anadromous field
investigations will be interrelated to and conducted in cooperation with
Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Studies.The specific procedures for
completion of each section of the program are described in this manual .
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II.TECHNICAL PROCEDURES
A.ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Study Description and Rationale
Three principal methods will be used to determine the distribution,
abundance,timi ng and mi grati ana 1 a(;tivity of adult anadromous salmon in
the study area (Tasks 1.1 and 1.2).They are:1.deployment of Side Scan
Sonar (SSS)counters,2.tag and recapture with fishwheels 3.aerial
surveys.The SSS counters are expected to accurately monitor pink and
sockeye salmon escapement and be reasonably effective on the other species
with the exception of chinook salmon because returning adults
characteri sti ca lly mi grate upstream in mi d-channe 1 .beyond the operati ana 1
1"imi ts of SSS counters.Tag and recapture data us i ng fi shwhee 1s shaul d
effectively establish the timing and escapement levels on coho,sockeye,
chum and pink salmon.Chinook salmon escapement and distribution will be
provided through an aerial survey program covering all known and suspected
spawning grounds of this species.
Various types of sampling gear will be used on the Susitna River mainstem
and subreaches (sloughs,side channels and tributary confluences)along
with ground and waterborne surveys to assist in determining the extent of
salmon spawning activity (Task 1.3).Radio tagging will also be conducted
to gather specific information on the migrational behavior,timing and
spawning locations of chinook,coho and chum salmon in the upper Susitna
River,principally between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon (Task 1.2 and 1.3).
Lastly,an evaluation will be made of the various means and methods
available for assessing ·the Susitna River contribution to the Cook Inlet
commercial salmon fishery.The emphasis will be directed toward
formulating a.plan which can be implemented in Phase II that provides stock
ide~tificatfon (Task 1.4).
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Sonar Counters:
Operation Dates:
DRAFT 9/25/82
A training class on sonar operation will be held from 1 May to 30 May;
field activities for sonar enumeration will begin and terminate on the
fo 11 owi ng dates:
Susitna Station 15 June to 7 September
Yentna Sonar 15 June to 7 September
Sunshine Sonar 15 June to 15 September
Talkeetna Sonar 15 June to 15 September
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I Methods:
Two Bendix Side Scannjng Sonars (SSS)will be deployed at each of the four
sonar sites (Figure VI-IA).This equipment will be operated by trained
AOF&G personnel.A training program for two members of each crew will be
conducted on the Kenai River by ADF&G/Commerci a 1 Fi sheri e..s Oi vi si on
biologists Ken Tarbox and Bruce Ki,ng;both have several year~~bf field
experience each with SSS counters.
Procedures for deployment of the substrate and equipment operati?n are
described in the 1980 Side Sonar Counter Installation and Operation Manual,
Bendix Corporation (Appendix I).
Counts of salmon crossing the substrate will be recorded on printer tape
each hour-of the day.The paper pri ntouts wi 11 be·.removed from the
counters and the counts tabul ated on a separate form each day.Counter
accuracy will.be monitored four times daily for 3.5 minutes by hand
tallying fish related echos displayed on an oscilloscope (Appendix II).
The ;ratiq.of visual counts to SSS counts will be used to derive a
calibratioJl -factor.This calibration factor will then be used to adjust..~_.-::.,..-
the daily rawsohar counts (III Data Procedures)..,;'~_.
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A fishwheel will be installed below each SSS counter to provide escapement
samples and relative abundance data by species.for apportioning sonar
counts.The fishwheel will be placed so that its presence does not
conflict with or bias the sonar counters performance.All fishwheel
captured salmon wi 11 be enumerated by speci es and sampl ed for the data
required below (III Data Procedures).
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Sockeye Salmon:
Chinook Salmon:
Chum Salmon:
Coho Salmon:
Pink Salmon:
Forty sockeye salmon will be sampled daily
for age,sex and length.
Age,sex and length samples will be obtained daily
from all captured chinook salmon.
Twenty five age,sex,and length samples will
be obtained daily from all captured chum salmon.
Twenty five age,sex and length samples will
be collected daily from fishwheel captured coho
salmon.
Forty length and sex samples will be
collected daily from fishwheel captured pink
salmon.
The number of fish sampled for age,sex and length information is adequate
to define escapement characteristics and variabil ity based on previous
findings by the AOF&G Stock Separation Office.Age samples will not be
collected from pink salmon due to there being only one age class involved
in the adult return.
Sonar counts and attendant data will be forwarded to the Anchorage office
every two weeks .
Tag/Recapture.
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Operation Dates:
Fi el d operati ons for tag/recapture projects wi 11 start and end on the
following dates:
Sunshine Tag/Recapture 15 June to 15 September
Talkeetna Tag/Recapture 15 June to 15 September
Curry Tag/Recapture 15 June to 21 September
Methods:
Two fishwheels will be deployed off each bank of the Susitna River at both
the Sunshine and Talkeetna sites (Figure VI-1A).Two fishwheels,one on
each bank,will be operated at the Curry site.All fishwheels will be
operated continuously,24 hours per day.Fishwheels design and operation
id described in Appendix III.
Each fishwheel will be checked five or more times daily to insure minimal
holding time and reduce stress.All adult salmon with the exception of
chinook salmon will be tagged and released.Chinook salmon escapement will
be acertained by aerial survey of all known and suspected spawning areas.
Tagging method is outlined in Appendix IV.Floy FT-4 spaghetti tags color
coded International Orange and consecutively numbered,will be used
exclusively at the Sunshine site.Yellow color coded FT-4 spaghetti tags
will be used to mark adult salmon at the Talkeetna site;they will also be
consecutively numbered.The Curry site will use one inch diameter Peterson
disc tags,similarly consecutively numbered.
Fish recaptured at upstream tagging locations will be released immediately
following identification and recording of the tag type,color and number
(III Data Procedures).
The 'tag~i:;:1~trew at the Curry site will also collect age,length and sex
data for each species as follows:
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The number of fish sampled for age,sex and length information is adequate
to define escapement characteristics and variability based on previous
fin~ings by the ADF&G Stock s~)~~ation Office.Age samples will not be
collected from pink salmon due to there being only one age class involved
in the ,adult return.
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Sockeye Salmon:
Chinook Salmon:
Chum Salmon:
Coho Salmon:
Pink Salmon:
DRAFT 9/25/82
Forty sockeye salmon will be sampled daily
for age,sex and length.
Age,sex,and length samples will be obtained
daily from all captured chinook salmon.
Twenty five age,sex and length samples will
be ~ollected daily from captured chum salmon.
Twenty five age,sex and length samples will
be collected daily from fishwheel captured coho
salmon.
Forty length and sex samples will be
collected daily from fishwheel captured pink
salmon.
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Tag and recapture data wi 11 be forwarded to the Anchorage offi ce every two
weeks.
Survey
Operation Dates and Survey Reach:
Field operations for identifying Susitna River mainstem and slough spawning
areas will begin and end on the following dates:
Susitna.,·Stati on Survey
Suns hi n,E!"Survey
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15 July to 1 October
15 July to 7 October
Gold Creek Survey
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15 July to 15 October
The geographic area of responsibility for each crew is:
Susitna Station Survey -Estuary to Kashwitna River
Sunshine Survey -Kashwitna River to Chase
Gold Creek Survey -Chase to Devil Canyon
Mainstem and slough survey will be performed weekly.The Sunshine and Gold
Creek crews \'/ill perform the tag and recapture surveys as scheduled below:
CREW
Sunshine
LOCATION
All tributary
streams between
Chulitna River
and Chase
SURVEY
PERIOD
25 July to 10 Oct.
FREQUENCY
Weekly
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Bi rch Creek
Troublesome Creek
Byers Creek
Byers Lake
Question Creek
Swan Lake Trib.
Horseshoe Creek
Clear Creek
(lower 2 miles)
1 Aug.to 15 Aug.and Weekly
7 Sept.to 21 Sept.Weekly
7 Aug.to 15 Aug.and Weekly
7 Sept.to 21 Sept.Weekly
7 Aug.to 15 Aug.Weekly
1 Sept.to 15 Sept.Weekly
1 Sept.to 21 Sept.Weekly
7 Sept.to 19 Sept.Once'
7 Sept to 21 Sept.Weekly
7 Aug.to i5 Aug.Once
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Gal d Creek
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All Tributary 25 July to 1 Oct.
streams between
Chase and Devil
Canyon with
exception of
Portage Creek and
Indian River which,
because of their
1ength,wi 11 be
surveyed only for
the first 1/4
mil e upstream
from the mouth.
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Weekly
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From 25 July to 15 September,the Gold Creek crew will also be responsible
for fishing gill nets at various locations on the Susitna River between
Devil Canyon and a point approximately 1/2 mile above Portage Creek once
every five days for four hours.Collections will be made in a manner as
uniform and unbiased as possible to assure that the study area is
satisfactorily sampled.
Chinook salmon enumeration surveys of mainstem and tributary systems will
be conducted from July 15 through August 15,1981.
All sampling periods and survey frequencies area based upon the results and
experi ences of previ ous studi es conducted in the Sus itna Ri ver bas in by
ADF&G.
~·1ethods :
Mainstem Surveys:
The fo 11 owi ng gear wi 11 be used to determi ne the presence of rna ins tem
spawning:
1.Drift gill nets
2.Electroshockers
3.Echo recorders
4.Egg deposition pump
Each crew will be assigned a 20 foot river boat powered by a 75 hp jet
outboard.
Drift gill nets will be fished by extending the net out perpendicular to
the ri ver channel,wi th the outs i de end of the float 1i ne attached to a
buoy and the,other fixed to the boat.The boat will drift under just
enough po~~r to keep the net reasonably straight and perpendicular to the
current.M§)E1stem areas fi shed by thi s method shoul d be substanti ally free
of surface:'~J!d subsurface debri sand suffi ci ently shallow enough to allow
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DRAFT 9/25/82
the net to reach within a foot (or less)of the bottom.Catch data will be
recorded as outlined in the drift net form (III Data Procedures).Salmon
caught by drift netting will not be assumed spawning at the catch location
unless all of the following criteria are met:
1.
2.
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Fish exhibits spawning maturation color and morphology.
Fish expells eggs or milt when slight pressure is exerted on
the abdomen.
Fish is in vigorous condition,with 25 percent or more of
the eggs or milt remaining in the body cavity.
An additional drift produces fish meeting criteria 1 through
3 above.
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Each crew will have an echo recorder (depth finder)available which will pe
used on the Susitna River mainstem in those areas where water depth
precludes use of a drift gill net.Method of operating the echo recorder
will be in accordance with manufacturer's guidelines except that the
.transducer beam will be directed horizontially across the river channel
instead of vertically.Suspected fish targets will be verified at first
"~"portunity with electroshocking equipment or any other methods which based
on site conditions appear feasible.
Two electroshocking boom units will be available for use between the three
crews.Operating procedures are outlined in Appendix VI.These units will
be worked whenever feasible on the Susitna River mainstem.The same
criteria outlined under drift gill netting will be used to ascertain
whether captured fish are spawning at the catch location.
Where water depth allows,suspected mainstem spawning areas will be sampled
for egg .depo?ition.A standard backpack water pump and two circular
standing sreeen cod and nets 18 inches in diameter will be used to sample
the river bed.Equipment operating procedures will be demonstrated in the
field.Results will be recorded in the appropriate sampling form (III Data
Procedures):.
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Set gill nets will be deployed by the Gold Creek crew in slack water areas
and eddies on Susitna River mainstem between Devil Canyon and a point
approximately 1/2 mile upstream of Portage Creek.Deploying a gill net is
achieved by tying one end of the float line to the shore and "pl ay ing out"
the net from the side or bow of the boat and then releasing the end of the
net with an anchor and buoy attached to the offshore end of the lead line
and float line respectively.Properly positioned,the net should extend
offshore in a straight line or with a slight downstream arc.
Each survey crew will report the location of suspected mainstem,slough and
tributary spawning areas twice weekly to the Aquatic Habitat (AH)crew
assigned to that area.This information will be transferred to the AH crew
on dupl i cate sampl ing forms (I II Data Procedures).Each Adult Anadromous
(AA)crew will also perform those co-operative duties discussed in the AH
technical procedures section.
Slough and Tributary Surveys:
Sloughs (clear water)and tributaries listed in the preceeding section will
be surveyed in their entirity except as indicated according to the
schedule.Surveys will be conducted on foot by two crew members;one
counting live fish and one counting carcasses.Observers will wear
pol ari zed gl asses and use tally counters when enumerating fi sh.Survey
information will be recorded on the appropriate form along with the number
of tagged fish,catagorized by tag type and color (III Data Procedures).
Survey data will be forwarded to the Anchorage office every two weeks.
Chinook Salmon Aerial Surveys:
Aerial surveys to enumerate individual chinook salmon will be conducted via
helicopter over all known and suspected spawning grounds.Data reported
will reflect the total number of fish observed.
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Eulachon Survey:
Eulachon,are known to utilize lower portions of the river for spawning.A
survey addressing Eulachon is planned for Phase II operations in the spring
of 1982 and will not be discussed further here.
Stock Assessment
Operation Dates:
Program will begin and end on the following dates:
1 July to 1 December
~1ethods :
A Fisheries Biologist II will perform a comprehensive literature search on
salmon stock identification methodology and procedures.All available
fisheries data on each species and stock north of Anchor Point in Cook
Inlet,focusing on age,size,run timing and abundance will also be
complied.Data sources will include but not be limited to ADF&G Cook Inlet
Data Reports,Management and Catch Statistic Reports,Federal Aid Reports,
USFWS &NMFS publications,and unpublished data from ADF&G staff and other
state,federal and private fisheries scientists.
After compiling available stock information and evaluating proven and
suggested stock separation methods,an analysis will be made of the
suitabil i ty of each stock separati on techni que in determi ni ng the resul ts
will be presented in a final report along with specific recommendations on
implementing a stock separation program for Susitna River fish.
Radio Tagging
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Operation Bates:
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A training class will be held from 15 May to 1 June on the Kenai River for
personnel assigned to the radio tagging program.
Field activities for radio tagging and tracking will begin on the Susitna
River and terminate on the following dates:
15 June to 1 October
Methods:
The training class will be conducted under the direction of Carl Burger.
All personnel assigned to the radio tagging program will be trained in the
use of proven techniques to sample,tag and radio track salmon.Carl
Burger is a biologist with the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service and has
considerable radio tagging expertise.
Following training,project personnel will radio tag approximately 40 adult
salmon.The salmon will be collected at the Ta"lkeetna fishwheel site which
is far enough upstream of the Talkeetna/Chulitna/Susitna River confluence
to insure that radio-tagged individuals are actually utilizing the drainage
upstream of this point.
SPECIES
Chinook
Chum
Coho
NUMBER RADIO TAGGED
15
13
12
TAGGING PERIOD.
15 June-15 July
1 August-7 September
1~July-l September
All tags used will be low frequency (40 MHz)and will have a life
expectency of 90 days or more,with a reception distance of not less than
one mil~.
The fish ~ill be selected from fishwheel captures at the Talkeetna
tagjrecaptttresite.There will be no attempt to bias selection other than
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no fish will be tagged with a transmitter that has been tagged previously
with either Floy or Peterson disc tag or is lethargic or shows any external
injury.Once a fish has been slected it will be transferred to a water
tight box containing a fish anesthetic to subdue the specimen.The fish
will be ready to tag within about two minutes.
The cigar-shaped radio transmitter to be used is next tested for signal
reception in water.Thence,it is coated with water soluble glycerin,and
with the help of plexiglass tubes,is slid through the mouth and escophagus
and into the stomach.Prior to release of the fish,the transmitter is
tested again.The salmon is gently transferred to the river near shore,
where it is held until consciousness is regained and the.fish can
forcefully swim away.Prel"imi nary tracki ng studi es wi 11 commence from a
boat.
When several fish have been tagged and released,periodic boat trips and
flights will commence to document their new locations.In this study,boat
tracking will occur at least twice weekly.At least two tracking flights
will also be made per week (weather permitting),with fixed wing aircraft
and/or helicopters.Both manual and scanning radio receivers will be used.
From the boats,fish will be pinpointed to 20 +/-feet of their actual
locations.
Data will be recorded on the appropriate forms (III Data Procedures)and
will be forwarded to the Anchorage office every two weeks.
-17-
DRAFT 9/25/82
B.RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADRDMOUS FISH STUDIES
Study Descriptions and Rationale
Phase I of Resident and Juvenile Anadromous (RJ)field
extend over one summer and two partial winter seasons.
discussions outline seasonal work plans to be implemented.
Summer Field Operations
operations will
The fo 11 owi ng
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!
Summer field operations will be conducted from May through October
utilizing riverboats,rafts,fixed-wing aircraft,helicopters and pick-up
trucks as the primary means of transportation.A total of four riverboats,
crewed by RJ and Aquatic Habitat·and Instream Flow (AH)biologists,will
operate on the Susitna River from the estuary to Devil Canyon.
The riverboat crews will be based at the Yentna,Sunshine and Talkeetna
.Adult Anadromous (AA)Studies fishwheel/sonar camps and at the Gold Creek
RJ Camp.Basing the boats at these locations will provide the necessary
security and logistical support required for project implementation.Each
ri verboat wi 11 be staffed by one to three RJ bi 01 ogi sts accompanied by one
AH biologist as indicated in Figure 1.The responsibilities assigned to
the four RJ riverboat biologist crews will include:
Systematic sampling of resident and juvenile anadromous populations
using established techniques including gillnets,minnow traps,adult
traps,hook and line,seines and electrofishing.
Designing and effective downstream migrant trap to be deployed during
Phase II.
Tagging and releasing adult resident fish and attempting recapture.
--.'7":,.'-.-.~-
Condu-c:ti!19 i nforma 1 i ntervi ews of sport fi shermen between Talkeetna
and tne~T~one River and recording the following information:
-18-
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c-----c1 ---i -~i ~-'-~1 ----1
"Tl......
to
C
-s
(1),
I-'
,1-'oi,,£Pi
'::::5 ",rtl'·
VI l/lc+......
-s a.
(1)(1)
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RESIDENT/JUVENILE -AQUATIC HABITAT
PROJECT LEADERS
R/J FB III AH FB III
Tf
o
;0
:t:>
"--l
1.0.......
N
U1.......co
N
Upper River (Devil Canyon
to Tyone River)
RJ FB II
RJ FB I
RJ --FB I
AH FB I
AH FB II*
AH FB II
AH FB I
Gold Creek Base
I I I
RJ FB I
RJ FB I
RJ FB I
AH FB I
RJ FB I
RJ FB I
AH FB I
AH FB I
RJ FB I
RJ FB I
[--
Estu:ctna T~lkeetna to DrVl1 canyon,
Yentna Sunshine T 1k tBaseBaseaee naBase
RJ FB I
AH FB I
"Tl PJ
--'::::5
0 P-::e:
L
s:::::
:t:><:::r::(1)........::::5......
C/l --'
c+(1)
s:::::a.)::>
'<::::5
PJ
I --0 P-
I-'(1)-S
1.0 -S 0
I VI 3
0 0
::::5 s:::::
::::5 VIro
--'
;0
0 L
(1)----"'0
--'PJ
0 :::l
'<a.
3
(1)~::::5
c+s:::::
PJ
c+......
I-'oi 0
0
(1):::I:
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-S ......
(1)c+
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Data and location of catch.
Species,number of fish and number of hours fished.
Method of access to the area.
Carrying out those cooperative duties discussed in the AH procedures
section.
A fifth crew consisting of three RJ biologists and one AH biologist will
operate in the upper Susitna River Basin.This crew will enter the study
area as soon as practicable after break up.They will be provided both
fixed-wing and helicopter air support in addition to two inflatable rafts
for primary river transportation.These biologists will be mobile;
moving their base of operation between habitat locations everyone to three
days.Emphasis will be placed primarily at tributary mouths,tributary
reaches and natural lakes which would be inundated after impoundment .
.
Winter Field Operations
Winter field operations were initiated in November 1980 along the Susitna
River from the estuary to Devil Canyon.This period of the field program
will continue to such time as ice-out (April)and begin the following
November or December.Two to three crews as requred to complete sampling
objectives,are operating from base camps at Gold Creek and Montana Creek.
Primary river travel is by snowmachine with support from fixed or rotary
wing aircraft as necessary.Field camps and local lodging facilities are
being used as appropriate.
Winter field crews are assigned as depicted in Figure 2.
Study Habitat Locations
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fish Study sampling locations are depicted
by number ~:;n Appendix VI,Figures 3-8.The general area of each habitat
location fS:~'indicated by a corresponding number in the map code column of
Table 1,Ap~endix VI.More specific locations follow each numerical group
-20-
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to
l::
~ro
N
RESIDENT/JUVENILE -AQUATIC HABITAT
PROJECT LEADERS
FB I II FB I II
,1 .
Estuary to Talkeetna
MORtana Creek Base
RJ FB II
Talkeetna to Devil 's Canyon
I I I
Talkeetna Base Gold Creek Base
Q:::c
J:;>
"Tl
--I
<.D-......
N
tTl-......
00
N
Upper River
Personnel \'Ii 11
include project leader
and FB I's shifted as
required
RJ FB I
RJ FB I
I\H FB I
RJ FO I
RJ FB I
AH FO I
RJ FB I
RJ FB I
1\1\FB I
'.;,,i
3;·:,~.Jdj~ll;·'<..I'•·1
0'<::1',":::0 1I'::::lVl <:••ro <,
c+c+VI
::::l""~--'.
VI ro C-
o OJ ro
3 ::::lc+
"Tl IJJ--'
0 ::::l:e:0.
.........c...
J:;>l::
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::::l
(/)--'.c+--'
l::CD0.
'<J:;>
::::l-0 OJIro0.N
~~~
VI 0I
0 3::::l 0::::l l::CD VI--'
CJ .........
:::croc....-0
--'
0
'<IJJ
3 ::::lro0.
::::l
c+J:;>
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n :::c0IJJ<0-ro --'.~c+ro OJ0.c+
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DRAFT 9/25/82
code.An explanation of the system of specifying geographic locations is
included in Appendix VI.
Due to the inherent variability of a dynamic system such at the Susitna
River,a'ctual placement of gear can not be precisely defined.However,
every effort has been made to ensure that the reproducibility necessary for
the acquisition of meaningful data has been incorporated into the sampling
site selection scheme.
Selection of individual sites at habitat locations is based on the
following criteria.Each site will be sampled bi-monthly.
Tributary Stream Mouth Sites
Selection of sites at tributary stream mouths will include up to three
sites within the back-water pools commonly found at tributary/mainstem
confluences.They are:
Mainstem river/tributary interface (a).
Approximately one half the distance up the back-water
pool (b).
Interface of back-water and-tributary flow (c).
On many smaller tributaries only sites (a)or (a)and (c)will be sampled,
while it is anticipated that on larger tributaries all three sites will be'
sampled.This will be necessary to insure that the sampling gear is not
spaced so close to influence overall gear effectiveness.
Slough Sites
Selection of sampling sites at sloughs will include up to three sites,
depending on the size of the slough.They are:
Slough mouth.
Approximately one half the distance up the slough.
""o.-::'"C"-
Slough head.
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Mainstem River Sites
Mainstem river sites will be selected in areas suitable for effective
deployment of the various gear types.The actual location of mainstem
sites will be marked on a prominent shoreline object (tree)by blazing
and/or placing an orange plywood diamond with the site location and number
inscribed thereon.
Upper Susitna River Tributary Sites
Preliminary ground reconnaissances of upper Susitna River tributaries which
will be affected by the proposed impoundment where conducted by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (1974)and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
(Williams,1976).Based on these findings,eight major tributaries have
been selected for in-depth studies of fish populations.These streams,
with the mile may be inundated,are listed in Table 1.
A typical tributary stream is shown in Figure 3.with sampling sites
defined.Preliminary gound and aerial surveys have shown that prime fish
habitat occurs primarily in the lower one mile of tributaries.A distance'
of one mile will be measured relative to the thalweg of the stream.
Starting from the stream mouth,every other 500 foot section of stream will
be sampled within this mile.Proceeding upstream,the sites will be
numbered one through five.A non-sampl ing area of 500 feet will follow
each site sampled.
At site one,gear fished will potentially include the following:Five
minnow traps,two trot lines,one variable mesh··gillnet,seines,
electroshocker,and rod and reel.Gear fished at sites two through five
will include:seine,electroshocker,and rod and reel.
Set gear Will be fished for 48 hours.A maximum of one hour will be spent
fishing se~ines and/or electroshockers at sites tW0 through five to yield a
qualitatfveand quantitative indication of fish present.At site six,
extendi ng·trom the end of mil e one to the upper flood 1eve 1 ,
~;;.,,,.--:--;:
-23-
DRAFT 9/25/82
Table 1.Sampling Streams Proposed Susitna Impoundment.
Sample No.Impoundment -Lower 1,477
(1)Fog 0.7 miles in impoundment.Talkeetna 04.Tributary
to Right (South)side of Susitna to Next site 5 miles.
(2)Tsusena Only mouth in impoundment.Talkeetna 04.
Left (North)side tributary to next site 4.5 miles.
Impoundment -Upper 2,185
1/(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Deadman 2.3 miles in impoundment.Talkeetna 03.Left
(North)side tributary to next site 4.5 miles.
Watana 9.0 miles in impoundment.Talkeetna 03.Left
side tributary to next site 21 miles.
Kosina 4.0 miles in impoundment.Talkeetna 02.Rt.
Right side tributary to next site 1.5 miles.
Jay 3.0 miles in impoundment.Talkeetna 02.Left
side tributary to ne~t site 21 miles.
Goose 1.5 miles in impoundment.Talkeetna Cl.Right
side tributary to next site 2.0 miles.
Oshetna 2.0 miles in impoundment.Talkeetna Cl.
Right side tributary to next site 11 miles.
1/High.flows in lower river are likely to prohibit upstream fish
passa'ie:'to the upstream sampling areas.
~:-:~1'":~'~--
-24-
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SUSITNA
Figure 3.Sampling sites in a typical impoundment stream.
-25-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
any or all of the mobile gear will be fished to determine the presence or
absence of fish.
Sample sites will be blazed and tagged to ensure the same areas are sampled
each time.
Selective Sampling of Fish Concentrations
To augment the tag and recapture portion of the project,areas of observed
fish concentrations will be sampled without regard to sampl ing design or
quantitative comparison.It is envisioned that this sampling will ensure
that adequate numbers of resident species are tagged for study of migratory
behavior.
Study Methods
---
A variety of sampl ing techniques and equipment will be used to capture
resi dent and juvenil e fi sh.The Transacti ons of the Ameri can Fi sheri es
Society have through the years presented articles on the relative
effectiveness of gear types.Discussions and illustrations of gear alone
with fishing techniques are presented by Lagler (1959)and illustrated by
Sundstrom (1957).The use of the rod and reel in the capture of the
various fish species is discussed at length by McClane (1965).
Gear types are divided according to season of intended use and mobility of
deployment.Minnow traps,burbot sets,trot lines,jigging sets and
under-ice gillnets are intended for winter use while minnow traps,trot
lines,burbot sets and setgillnets are intended for summer use.Beach
seining,hook and line angling,electro-shocking and drift gillnetting are
primarily mobile techniques intended for summer use.
Detailed instructions on the assembly,use (setting)and checking of the
various gear types used are in Appendix VII.
-26-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Tagging of Resident Adult Species
Efforts will be made to capture up to 3,000 resident adult fish for
tagging.Species to be tagged are Arctic grayling,burbot,rainbow trout,
round whitefish,humpback whitefish,and longnose suckers.
The Floy Tag and tagging system described in (Appendix IV Figure IV-I)will
be utilized in all tagging except for burbot.Burbot will be marked with a
disk dangler type tag (Appendix IV:Figure IV-2 and Figure IV-3)using
methodology descri bed by Mauney (1965)and Rounsefe 11 (1963).Abbrevi ated
instructions for attaching the disk-dangler are in Appendix IV section B.
Resident Adult Tag Recovery
Recovery of tags placed on adult resident fish will be accomplished by the
following means:
The angling public will be requested to return recovered tags to Fish
and Game,or if a captured fish is released,to report the tag .number.
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous field operations.
Radio Telemetry
An experimental telemetry program will be conducted with large resident
species.The purpose of the program will be to determine if resident fish
can be successfully tagged and monitored.Ten tags will be employed with
tagging commencing just prior to freeze-up.The movement of resident fish
will be monitored to determine intra-system migration patterns.The
limited data will provide a basis for determining the feasibility of more
extensive studies during Phase II.
Details·of tagging procedures are discussed in the Adult Anadromous
section.
-27-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Level of Effort
Schematics of study personnel by primary area of responsibility are given
in Figures 1 and 2 the full staff on RJ will include:one Fisheries
Biologist III,one Fisheries.Biologist II,and 10 Fisheries Biologist lis.
Personnel of AH staff will participate in field operations.
-28-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
C.AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
Study Description and Rationale
Phase I (FY 82)of the Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Study (AH)will be
subdivided into two segments (Figure 4):1)Point specific and general
habitat evaluations of the principal resident fish,and juvenile and adult
anadromous salmon and their relationships to changes in mainstem discharge
and 2)selected habitat evaluations which will be a more detailed study of
I
habitat characteristics and their relationships to seasonal mainstem
discharges of the Susitna River in selected representative study sites.
Fishery Habitat Evaluations
Fishery habitat evaluation studies will be performed during the winter and
summer field seasons and are subdivided into point specific and general
habitat evaluations (Figure 5).
Point Specific Evaluation:
Velocity,depth,and substrate data will be collected at the gear placement
sites (gps)to characterize the range of these streamflow dependent
characteristics which appear to be influencing the suitability of various
habitat types for the species and life stages of interest.Point specific
data are required to ascertain :the degree and extent to which specific
habitat criteria {e.g.depth,velocity,substrate,water temperature,etc.)
are utilized by an 'individual fish species for each life phase (i.e.
spawning,incubation,reartng,and passage).These data·provide the basis
for defining the types and ranges of habitat characteristics which are
associated with the continued existence of various life phases of a fish
species.By comparing point specific util ization criteria with hydraul ic
data (which quantifies the wetted area having various point specific values
at a range of discharges),one can predict the potential impacts of various
flow regimes on fish habitat availability.
-29-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Figure 4.Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Study Program Components.
Fishery Habitat
Evaluations
Point General
Specific Habitat
Evaluation EVllluation
IIV~'o,ity ]
I
GJ Substrate
I 1
\later 'II ~
L-Q_ua_1l_0t_y..-l ~~
Figure 5.Fishery Habitat Evaluation Components.
~~~.~-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
These data will be collected according to the RJ sampling schedules.Fish
trapping locations will be selected by RJ staff on the basis of
professional biological judgment,the primary objective being to select
locations optimum for capturing fish as opposed to selecting locations
representing the range of habitat types present at the individual fish col-
lection site.Accordingly,observed relationships between trapping
incidence and point selected depths and velocities will be limited to the
distribution of depths and velocities occurring at specific trap sites.
General Habitat Evaluation:
General habitat evaluations will provide the necessary data to describe the
overall seasonal habitat characteristics of RJ and AA study sites and their
relationships to mainstem discharges of the Susitna River.These data
(Table 2)will be collected in the study area below Devil Canyon on a twice
Table 2.General Habitat Evaluation Parameters.
-
"""
Water Quality
temperature (air
and surface water)
pH
dissolved
oxygen
Hydrology
velocity
stage*
substrate
Mapping
photography
substrate
cover
pools
riffles
turbidity
specific
conductance dimensions
(planimetric
and cross
sectionals*)
gear place-
ment sites
*Note:These parameters will not be measured in the study area above
"De~il_Canyon,and only where feasible in the study area below
De-J~a.Canyon .
-31-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
per month basis.Data will be collected in the study area above Devil
Canyon,according to the schedule detailed in the RJ section.
Selected Habitat Evaluation
Study sites in the Talkeetna to Devil Canyon reach can be used to represent
slough habitat types that have comparable physical and chemical
characteristics and will be evaluated one time per seasonal low,medium,
and high flows of the mainstem Susitna River.Additional sites between
Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon will be selected for the installation of
thermographs.
These data (Figure 6),similar to general habitat evaluation data,will be
used to determine how.the different types of habitats (sloughs,mainstem,
etc.)are related to mainstem discharge.Selected habitat evaluation data
unlike general habitat data are more comprehensive and include continuous
measurements of surface and intragravel water temperatures.These data,in
conjunction with other techniques,can also be used to determine what
Percent of this section of the river has similar characteristics.The
-,~
types of data and mapping components to be collected are listed in Table 3.
Selected
Habitat
Evaluation
Water
Quality
Mapping Hydrology
Figure 6.Selected Habitat Evaluation Components.
-32-
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DRAFT 9(25(82
Table 3.Selected Habitat Evaluation Parameters
vJater Qual ity Mapping Hydrology
temperature (surface photograph velocity
and intragravel)
water*and air substrate stage
pH cover discharge
dissolved channel substrate
oxygen dimensions
gradient
specific pools
conductance
riffl es
turbi dity
morphometry
*Instantaneous measurements and continuously monitored.
Additional water quality data wil.l be collected jointly by AH and U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS)personnel (Table 4).
Study Site Locations
Fishery Habitat Evaluation Sites
Point specifi c measurement and general habitat eva 1uati on data wi 11 be
collected at each RJ sampling site location as descr'ibed in the RJ study
habitat location section of this manual.
Selected Habitat Evaluation Sites
Project personnel will review and analyze past studies,aerial ~hotographs,
topographic-I1]CiPS,and the water surface profile analysis of the study area
between Ta:l~~etna and Devi 1 Canyon to identify five representati ve habitat
locations for comprehensive water quality and hydraulic analysis.
-33-
DRAFT 9/25/82
Table 4.ADF&G/USGS Additional Water Quality Measurements
Nutrients and Organics
N0 2 +N0 3 dissolved
NH 4 dissolved
NH 4 +Organic N dissolved
N0 2 +N0 3 Total
NH 4 Organic N Total
Phosphorus Dissolved Total
Phosphorus Total
Dissolved Organic Carbon
Suspended Organic Carbon
Silica
Calcium Magnesium
Sodium
Inorganic Constituents
Chloride
Fluoride
Sulfate
Potassium
Arsenic
Barium
Cadium
Chromium
Cobalt
~Copper
Zinc
Turbi dity
Dissolved Solids (residue at 180°C)
Minor Elements (Dissolved and Total)
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Field Parameters
Specific conductance,alkalinity,pH,temperature,dissolved oxygen.
Sediment Analysis
Suspende~sediment concentration and complete particle size analyzed.
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Thermograph placement sites will be located in the mainstem Susitna River
upstream of the confluence of major tributaries in the Cook Inlet to Devil
Canyon reach of the study area.These locations will be selected in May,
1981.Additional sites will be added at a later date if they are
determined to have value to the Phase I study.
Methods
Water Quality
~Jater Qual ity will be evaluated at the fishery habitat evaluation and
selected habitat evaluation sites in the study area below Devil Canyon and
from the center of each index area in the study area above Devil Canyon.
General habitat evaluation water quality data will be collected on an
instantaneous basis at each study site twice monthly below Devil Canyon and
once per month above Devil Canyon.Selected habitat evaluation water
quality data at the five slough locations will be collected on an
instantaneous basis one time per seasonal period of low,medium,and high
flows.Instanta~~us measurements will be collected as follows:
-~-:~--
Dissolved oxygen (DO),pH,temperature,and specific conductance of
surface waters will be measured in the field with a Hydrolab model
4041 multiparam~ter meter.Intragravel water temperatures wi 11 be
measured with a combi nati on Oi gi -sense thermi stor C-8522-10 and YSI
400 series semi-solid insertion probe system.The instruments will be
operated following the manufacturers'instructions (Appendix VIII)and
when applicable calibrated according to the procedures established by
the USGS (USGS,1981).Water samples for turbidity analysis will be
collected at the same time the preceding water quality field
parameters are measured.,Samples will be collected in 250 ml plastic
bottles filled approximately two-thirds full and stored in a cool,
dark location prior to analysis.Turbidity samples will be returned
to Anchorage at the end of each sampling trip for analysis on a Hach
model ZIOOA turbidimeter.Air temperature will be measured at these
-sites wij:h a thermometer shielded from the direct rays of the sun.
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Surface water temperatures will be continuously monitored by Model
J-90 Ryan thermographs to identify thermal characteri sti cs withi n the
study area.These sites will include,but not be limited to,the five
selected sloughs,the mouths of major tributaries below Devil Canyon;
the mainstem above these streams and other selected mainstem sites.
In addition to surface water temperatures,intragravel temperatures
will also be continuously monitored by thermographs buried in the
gravel in order to determint=the relationships between surface and
intragravel temperatures at the five selected habitat slough
locations.
Installation of the Ryan thermographs will be as in Figure 7 and below:
1)Install chart assembly and check battery (to be done prior to going
out in the field).
2)Record water temperature,*date,serial number of thermograph
location,time and your initials on the chart;set the pen point on
the chart to the proper time;and make a mark with pencil to show the
beginning of the date.Check battery again and then TURN ON THE
INSTRUMENT.Do not move the pen manually.
3)Be sure the 110 11 ring is cl ean and properly 1ubri cated and close the
thermograph with the coupler (clamp).Use a paper clip or ".c l amp
lock"to secure the coupler.
4)Lace the end of a 1/4 inch plastic coated wire cable through the
minnow trap at one end.Then lace the same end of the cable through
the two holes on each end of the thermograph,then back through the
other side of the same end of the trap formi ng a loop.Secure the
loop with two cable clamps.
*Water temperature is to be measured with a mercury thermometer
submer-g.edfor a sufficient length of time to allow equilibration (2-,3
mi nutes'}-;-
-36-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Figure 7.Installation of Ryan Thermograph.
-37-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Put several rocks into the trap for ballast,with the thermograph and
close the trap.
-
-
6)Secure the other end of the cable to a large,permanent tree as far
from shore as possible.Submerse the thermograph in an area which
will adequately represent the temperature regime to be sampled and
avoid damaging the instrument due to velocity,erosion or rocks.
The thermographs will be checked at least twice monthly and the time,date,
a pencil mark at the pen point to mark the end point,the
samplers initials and the word "en d"will be written on the chart.The
chart will be removed and returned to the office for data reduction.A new
chart assembly will be installed and thermograph reset following steps 2,
3,5 and 6.
The time on the chart will also be compared with the time indicated by a
wrist watch to determine if the thermograph is running fast or slow.If
the thermograph is found in error it will be replaced with another
thermograph and returned for repair.The battery wi 11 also be checked and
repl aced if faulty.Necessary thermograph equi pment i ncl udes:one small
screw driver,spare 110"rings,couplings,lubricant,charts,pen assemblies
and batteries.The Peabody Ryan operating instructions will be carried
into the field for reference.
In additi on to surface water temperatures,intragrave 1 temperatures wi 11
also be continuously monitored by thermographs buried within the substrate
at a depth sufficient to record intragravel temperatures.The installation
procedure for these thermographs is the same as for the surface water
thermographs with the excepti on that the i ntragrave 1 thermographs wi 11 be
checked within 90 days and full 90 day charts will be used.The
intragravel thermographs will be accompanied by a surface water thermograph
and installed at 5 selected habitat slough sites to characterize the
relationships between s~rface and intragravel temperatures.
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DRAFT 9/25/82
Hydrology
Velocity,depth,discharge and stage measurements will be made in a variety
of contexts as part of both sections of this study.Marsh-McBirney,Price
AA,or Pygmy flow meters and topsetting wading rods or cable suspension
systems will be used according to the respective manufacturers'
instructions and procedures approved by the USGS (Smoot and Novak,1977;
iuchanan and Somers,1973).
When using a Price AA or Pygmy flow meter,the velocity at the point of the
current meter is determined by counting the number of signals (lI c 1icks ll )
per unit of time.Each meter is calibrated by the commercial supplier and
an equation for the relationship between velocity and revolutions per unit
time is derived.To facilitate field use of the Price AA,the equation is
solved for a number of revolutions ("s top counts")at variou's time steps
and a rating table (Figure 8)which shows the velocity for a given number
of revolutions per time interval is provided with each meter.The Pygmy
meters used on this project are cal ibrated so that velocity,in feet per
second,equals (1)X (revolutions per second).The objective in using the
rating table for the Price AA is to memorize the stop counts.One must
count clicks for at least 40 seconds,then stop counting at one of the stop
counts in the rating table.Failure to stop at a stop count will negate
the ability to obtain the velocity directly from the rating table.One
cannot simply interpolate between stop count values given in the table;the
rating curve equation must be solved.The rating table is constructed in
one-second steps from 40 seconds to 70 seconds.When using both the Price
AA and the Pygmy meters counts should be made for at least 40 seconds.
When using a Marsh-McBirney electronic flow meter,allow the meter to
calibrate,place in the proper location and read the meter.The Marsh-
~1cBirney flow meters are equipped with a variable time constant.This
option allows the meter to measure "averagell velocity readings for every
two,si XJJr20 seconds.The two second ti me constant can be IJsed to allow
the metert.t>:quick1y equilibrate to the approximate velocity;however,the
readingt6Q~recorded should be read at the six or 20 second time
constant.·~fhjgh velociti es (greater than two fps)the 20 second time
-39-
DRAFT 9/25/82
-
tJNITED STATr3
Dt7,uT1le-T 01'TIlE L"iTeRJOR
aOL.ClClCAl.SUA.vt:\'
.....tc:.ac.o...01 Dlrlaba
UNITED ST ATI!S
Dl!I''''llnlEHT OF THE IHTEIUOll.
CrOI.OCICAL SURVl::Y
\Ylte,RelO"'cn Ohiuaft
UTlNC TAllL!FOR TY1'!AA CUJUU:NT )1E:IU..
RATINC TABLE 1'01'Tnt M CUI.REH1')1tTl!R
.!.:l VELOaTY IN FEET PER SECOND .sil
~j 1l.....I.lIon..".liD
3 ,1 10 IS '0 "30 40 ...,!;
40 .113 .nz .401 oS".131 1.11 1.31 US 2.10 40
41 .110 .216 .392 -',%.111 1.01 1.35 1.6%1.1S 41
4:.116 .210 .313 -'39 .",1.06 1.32 1.'1 '.10 41
4;1 .17%.U3 .315 .$%1 .110 1.03 1.29 1.54 2.0'~3
4e --.In .2S1 .30 .51S .163 1.01 1.26 1.'I 2.00 44
45 .16'.262 .3"-'04 .141 .919 1.%3 1.'1 ..,6 45
46 .Il%.251 .352 .494 .7.31 .961 1.20 1.44 1.91 46
41 .IS'.%52 .345 .4".116 .".1.11 1.41 1."'1
4!.ISG .%41 .331 •.,4 .101 .921 1.16 1.31 1.84 4..,.1'3 .24%.331 .465 .6&7 .'10 1.13 1.35 1.10 49
SO .1S1 .231 .32'.456 .614 .n%1.11 t.33 1.26 50
'1 .111 .2,..3 It .4'1 •661 .115 •1.09 1.30 1.73 51
5%.146 .%30 .313 .4".6.,~15I 1.01 1.%1 1.70 '2n·.143 .%%6 .301 .431 .631 .143 1.05 1.%'1.61 53
H .141 .%%1 .303 .414 .626 .1%7
1
1
•
03 t.%3 l.63 54
".139 .%11 .291 .416 .615 .113 •1.01 1.21 I.lil SS
56 .131 .US .292 .409 .604 .799 ."3.1.19 1.'1 '6
51 .135 .HI .%11 .402 -'94 .115 .916 1.17 1.55 51
H .133 .201 .283 .396 .314 .71%.960 1.15 .1.52 51
.59 .131 .20'.219 .319 .514 .1.59 .944 I.U 1.'0 $9
60 .129 .202 .214 .313 .565 .141 .911 1.11 1.41 611
61 .121 .1".210 .371 oSJ6 .135 .913 1.09 1.1S 51
62 .125 .196 .%Si .372 .541 .7%3 .1"1.01 1.43 62
63 .124 .193 .16%.366 .539 .112 .U3 1.06 1.40 63
64 .122 .190 .231 .351 .331 .101 .112 1.04 1.31 64
63 .121 .131 .2SS .JH .3%3 .nl .151 I.OJ 1.36 6'
".1·19 .11'.%3).350 .5 IS .611 .146 1.01 1.34 "n .111 .111 141 .34'.'01 .611 .IH ."6 1.32 n
61 .116 .110 .%44 .341 .'01 .661 .121 .912 1.30 n
69 .113 .171 .241 .336 .494 .632 .110 .961 1.21 69
10 I .11).171 .231 I.3J1·An .643 1.199 .9"1.27 70
1 S 1 10 U 20 23 SO 40
Acl."lloli"<limit.·025 10 ft 0 I...,~r I..""d
Vlll.OClTY IN l'tl:.i Pf.~Sm:OHC .s.::"~-'"!J •_ c
11.",,01.110...eOi=~'0 60 10 100 UG 200 250 300 u.~
40 2.74 3.11 '.31 3.U 1.11 10.11 t3.39 16.30 19.01 40
41 2.U 3.21 4.26 3.n 1.9J 10.n 13.:6 13.J:11.53 41
42 ~.61 3.13 4.16 3.20 1.11 10.36 12.95 15.33 11.11 42
43 %.SS 3.06 4.01 5.01 1.60 10.1%1%.65 13.1-:n.".)
44 2.50 2.99 ·3.91 4.96 1.43 9.19 IU6 14.13 I1.H 44
43 2.44 2.92 3.1,4.13 1.H 9.61 12.09 14.30 16.91 4S
46 2.H 2.16 3.10 4.75 1.11 9.46 11.12 14.11 16.34 46
41 2.34 2.ftO 3.11 4.65 6.96 9.26 I11.51 13.U H••19 41
41 2.29 2.14 3.65 4.SS 6.11 ?01 11.33 D."J 5.U H
49 2.24 ~.G~3.51 4.46 6.61 1.19 11.ln 13.12 IS.$.'49
50 2.20 2.63 3.50 4.31 6.54 ..,J 10."IJ.O.'1!l.~~SO,
51 2.16 2.'"3.43 I.4.%J 6.41 1.54 111.61 11.1'H.'~S I
52 2.12 2.n 3.31 4.20 6.f,I.JI 10.~6 12.5$14.f,4 S~
SJ 2.01 2.49 J.ll 4.1%6.n 1.22 10.21 I2.JI 14.36 SJ
H 2.04 2.44 3.24 4.05 1.06 1.01 10.01 12.09 11.09 54
SS %.Oll %.40 3.19 3.91 5.95 1.9~U9 11.11 I3.U IS
56 1.91 1.35 3.13 3.'0 5.14 1.71 9.12 II.6S 13.59 "
51 1.93 %.31 J.OI 3."5.74 1.64
1
9.'3 11.43 13.35 J7
$I 1.90 2~:7 3.02 3.n S.G4 1:51 9.31 11.%'lJ.U 51
H J.l1 2.24 2.97 3.11 '-'5 1.39 9.12 11.06 12.9'"60 1.14 1.20 2.92 I 3.65 5.1S 2.26 9.01 IG.II 1%.69 6O
6I 1.11 %.16 2."3.5'5.31 1.14 1.92 10.1D 12.41 fI
6%1.28 2.13 2.13 3.33 5.H 1.03 1.11 Ill."lUI i:
.63 1.25 ~.IO %.29 J.41 5.20 6.91 1.~4 10.36 12.0'U
64 1.22 2.06 2.24
I
3.41 5.12 6.11 1.51 111.20 •11.90 '4
H 1.20 2.03 2.10 3.31 5.04 6.n 1.31 10.05 11.21 U
6G 1.67 2.00 2.66 J.3Z 4.96 6.61 1.13 9.19 11.34 "61
r
1.65 1.97 2.62 3.%1 4.19 6.51 1.13 9.7 5 11.37 ",.1.6%L.H ~.JI 3.22 4.12 6.41 I.OJ '.60 11.~a IIn1.60 1.92 2.55 I 3.17 4;15 6.3%1.89 9.H 11.04 U
10 1.$1 1.19 %.S I !3.IJ 4.61 '-23 1.71 '.n 10.11 10
3D 60 10 100 ISO %00 -HO Jnn .1.-0
Sill 1..lift,No.1EOUATIONS'V-2.UOA.+020(2.10012.170A.+030
-
Figure 8.USGS Type AA Current Meter Rating Table.
-40-
....
DRAFT 9/25/82
constant should be used.Extreme care must be taken to keep the instrument
dry,it is sensitive to moisture.
The mean column velocity is the measurement of the average velocity in a
col umn of water.In water depths 1ess than 2.5 feet'the mean col umn
velocity will be measured at one point located .6 of the total depth from
the surface of the water.For depths of 2.5 feet or greater,two
velocities will be measured to compute the mean column velocity.They will
be measured at .2 and .8 of the total depth from the surface of the water
and averaged.To measure the .6 depth on the topsetting rod align the
number on the round sliding rod corresponding to the whole number portion
of the water depth to the poi nt on graduated handl e correspondi ng to the·
decimal portion of the depth.(e.g.for a depth of 1.7 align the 1 on the
round rod to the .7 on the graduated handle).This automatically sets the
meter to the proper .6 depth.To obtain the .2 and .8 depths simply
multiply the depth by 2 for the .2 and divide the depth for the .8 readings
and align these numbers as above.
The manufacturer1s instruction manuals and USGS instructions for use,
maintenance and trouble.;..shooting for these instruments in the appendix
should be thoroughly understood.
Point specific velocity,depth,and substrate measurements will be taken at
minnow traps,salmon redds,gillnets,and trot line sites in order to
describe the physical characteristics of the habitat present.Each will be
made in the following manner.
Minnow trap velocities will be measured at the upstream mouths of traps
each time they are set.Location and identification of salmon redds where
velocity and depth will be measured are based on standards established by
the ADF&G (Estes,Hepler,and Hoffmann,1981)and the Arctic Environmental
Information and Data Center,AEIDC (Baldridge,1981).Biologists will
select vantage points within study sites that allow both good visibility
for observation and create the least disturbance to the fish.Polarized
sun gl ass@\,!i 11 be worn to screen out refl ected gl are from the water and
-41-
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-
-
,...
-
DRAFT 9/25/82
increase the observer's efficiency.Redds will be defined by direct
observation of the repeated fanning and digging actions of the female at
the same site.Redds will also be located by observing characteristic
spawning behavior including biting and chasing of intruders by a
male-female pair,or an individual adult remaining over a distinct
excavated depression in the streambed.When a redd is located,the site
wi 11 be marked by methods simi 1ar to those used by Bovee and Cochnauer
(1977).After all of the reddswithin a sampling site have been
identified,the velocities and depths will be measured.
Velocities at set gillnet and trot line sites will be measured at three
foot intervals along the length of the initial set when set perpendicular
to the flow.When set parallel to the flow,one velocity measurement will
be taken immediately upstream of the net or trot line.
Every attempt will be made to obtain velocity measurements.When the
location of fish sampling gear and/or water depth or velocity make these
measurements unsafe to obtain,this will be noted on the point specific
habitat evaluation form.
Staff gages will be installed at fishery habitat and selected habitat
evaluation sites in the study area below Devil Canyon.Staff gages will be
read at 1east twi ce monthly to determi ne the stage/di scharge re 1ati onship
between sloughs,side channels,and the mainstem river.Gages installed at
sonar and fishwheel sites will be read daily when the sites are manned by
AA crews.
Staff gages will be installed as follows (Figure 9):
1)Se 1ect a 1ocati on where hydraul ic conditi ons refl ect what you
want to examine and where gages will have a reasonable chance of
representing low and high water conditions (without washing away
during high water conditions).*
....*Keep-in.roind that these areas may be navigated by boats.Selection of
staff~~Wlg~sites should therefore include this consideration.
-42-
DRAFT 9/25/82
-
F~\.
-43-
Ins ta 11 at ion.Staff Gage _Figure 9.
-
2)
DRAFT 9/25/82
Place in a six to seven foot steel uri post (fence post)in a
perfect,upright,vertical position leaving an adequate amount of
post to secure a gage to.
-
3)Install the necessary number of posts (two through five),along a
transect perpendicular to the flow,to measure the full range of
stage events at that particular site.Keep in mind that the
gages have to overlap (.5 feet),so that stage data from all
gages can be normalized.
4)Attach gages firmly to the post with wire being sure that the
gages don't move up and down on the post.
5)Attach painted f1 uorescent orange floats to the post and also
paint the top of the post to help insure that boaters are aware
of the post locations.
A transect wi 11 be surveyed and the stream bed profi 1e determi ned ina
plane perpendicular to the flow of water at each selected habitat slough
staff gage site.Staff gage elevations at the five study sloughs in the
study area between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon will be referenced to datum
surveyed by R&M Consultants to establish streambed elevations.Discharge
will be measured at these sites and the staff gage will be read before and
after co 11 ecti ng the di scharge data.Thi s i nformati on wi 11 be used to
develop stage/discharge rating curves and to estimate reach specific
streamf1ows.Where possible,mainstem discharge information will be
obtained from the closest USGS gaging station in order to determine
relationships between a specific site and the mainstem.-Oischarg will be
measured during three seasonal flow periods (high,medium,and low).These
measurements and the following discussion are based on procedures developed
by the USGS (Smoot and Novak,1977;Buchanan and Somers,1973),and USFWS
Instream Flow Group (Bovee and Milhous,1978;Trihey and Wegner,1981).
Discharge .will be computed from the mean col umn vel oci ty and depth
information recorded in vertical columns (verticals)collected along the
-44-
-
-
DRAFT 9/25/82
transects surveyed when placing the staff gages.A tagline will be
stretched across the water parallel to the transect.One should attempt to
subdivide the channel such that no more than 5%of the total flow passes
between successive verticals.The spaces between,verticals are termed
cells.Verticals are to be placed such that they best describe velocity
distribution and changes in the cross sectional channel geometry.If the
di recti on of flow is not at ri ght angl es to the cross secti on,fi nd the
velocity vector normal to the section.Measure the cosine of the
horizontal angle (Figure 10)by holding the discharge measurement note
sheet in a horizontal position with the point of origin (0)on the left
edge over the tag 1 i ne,bri dge ra i 1,or any other feature pa ra 11 e 1 to the
cross section.With the long side parallel to the direction of flow,the
tagline or bridge rail will intersect the value of the cosine of the angle
(a)on the top,bottom,or right edge.Multiply the measured velocity by
the cosine of the angle to determine the velocity vector component normal
to the measuring section.
Velocfty Vector
\
Point of
ol'i.&in
Figure 10.Measurement of Horizontal Angles (from Buchanan and Somers,
1973.
-45-
-
DRAFT 9/25/82
Substrate
Substrate data will be collected based on procedures used by the AEIDC
(1981),ADF&G (Estes,Hepler,and Hoffmann 1981)and Shirazi (1979),at
fi shery habitat eva 1uati on (poi nt specifi c and general habitat)and
selected habitat evaluation sites.
Selected habitat evaluation substrate data will be collected along the
di scharge measurement transect(s)at each velocity and depth measurement
site.Point speci fi c habitat eva 1uati on substrate data wi 11 be coll ected
from a two foot radius around the velocity and depth measurement site.
Substrate classes will be assessed by selecting
substrate groups and recording the percent of each.
substrate are grouped into the following classes:
up to three dominant
The size and type of
-O.Organic Detrius 5.1 11 _ 3 11
l.Si It Cl ay 6.3"- 5
11
2.Sand 7.5 11 -1011
3.1/16 11 -1/4 11 8.10"+
4.1/4 11 -1"9.Bedrock
f"~
~-
-
Notes will also be made as to the presence and estimated amount (%cover)
of periphyton (attached algae)and other aquatic vegetatiQn.The degr.ee of
embeddedness will also be recorded.Embeddedness is defined as the filling
of interstitial space by fines between substrate of Class Five or greater
(Figure 11).
Fi gure 11.Embeddedness
Code
2
5
Degree of Imbeded::less (I)
25
50
75
90 to 100
-46-
Ulus~rat1.on
1980)•
-
-
DRAFT 9/25/82
Maps will be drafted which identify substrate data,sampling sites and the
locations of various substrate classes (III.DATA PROCEDURES).The
boundary beb/een each distinct substrate class area within the sampl ing
site will be delineated on the Planimetric Map form (AH-81-03).The
substrate classification within each of these distinct areas will also be
identified and recorded on the map.Substrate from each of these areas
wi 11 be photographed;and three photographs wi 11 be taken at one thi rd
intervals along each transect in the Selected Habitat sites using
photography procedures similar to those used by R&M Consultants (Griffiths
1981).A 60 x 60 cm grid subdivided into 5 x 5 cm squares (Figure 12)will
be placed on top of the substrate and photographed (Kellerhals and Bray,
1970;Griffiths,1981).Rulers will be used when grids are unavailable.
Mapping
An upstream view cross sectional profile map will be drafted for each staff
gage transect (Figure 13).The staff gage location and'the channel
dimensions;top width,wetted perimeter,bankfull top width,and water's
edges,of the cross sectional profile will be included.Definition of
terms follow:
Top Width:The width of the water surface of a channel cross section
measured in a .plane perpendicular to the direction of the flow between
the two water's edges.
Wetted Perimeter:The width of the submerged portion of a channel
cross section measured in a plane perpendicular to the direction of
flow between the two water1s edges.
Bankfull Top Width:The top width of a channel cross section measured
in a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow between the two
hi ghest wa ter IS edgema rks.
J._\
-47-
DRAFT 9/25/82
...,.....
f i I ItI1 ·.++~+!
;I
I i i II ·I i !l Ij!I -HI,!!!
!j
I ·v I 1 ~.+-£
.~
I J I ,-j ·f-A t-Jc.1
I I I I i I i 1,!I I.
1
;S"~...i ,
I I-I ,i t-r---I~I !.-!
!I I !!I 1 !I,rr rtIIiI!tIII I"-I !-.
.E:ALUMINUM..
-
.-.
,~~~..._-_..
Figure 12.Substrate Grid Diagram .
-48-
,...
DRAFT 9/25/82
Water's Edge:The point where the water surface comes into contact
with the bank.
----Banl<flA Too Wlan,----__
Figure 13.Cross Sectional Profile Diagram.
A plarlimetric (aerial view)map will be drawn for each sampling site and
will include the following information.Variations will be noted eqch time
the site is sampled (III.DATA PROCEDURES):
Substrate Types:The boundary of areas covered by a distinct
substrate composition using the substrate classification system.
The degree of embeddedness of Cl ass Five and 1arger substrate,
and the percent of area covered by attached algae and hi gher
aquatic plants.
Cover:Overhang ing vegetat;on,trees,dead fall obstructions,
large boulders,and undercut banks.
Channel Dimensions:The boundaries of the water's edges and the
bankfull water's edges.
Pools and Riffles:The locations of pools and riffles within
study areas.Pools will be defined as a deeper,placid,and
slower movi ng section of a stream and riffl es as the shallow
-49-
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DRAFT 9/25/82
rapids in an open stream,where the water surface is broken into'
waves by obstructions wholly and partly submerged (Stalnaker and
Arnette,1976).
Compass Direction:Orientation to the magnetic nortn.
Sampling Points:The position of each gear placement site,and
staff gage and transect locations.
Selected habitat slough evaluation sites will be morphometrically mapped
(Figure 14).A tag line will be stretched along transects to determine
horizontal distances between the two banks and the position of each
verti ca 1 depth measurement between them.An El ectroni c Di stance Meter
(EDM)will be substituted for taglines when the distance between the bank
is greater than 150 feet.Depths wi 11 be measured from a boat with a
Raytheon Model DE 719B portable survey fathometer or on foot with a wading
rod depending upon depth and accessibility.Where use of the tag line
and/or wading rod is not feasible due to the length of transect and depth
of water,the following method will be used.A person located on the shore
will operate an EDM and direct the boat operator via two-way radio.When
the boat crosses the transect,a distance will be registered on the EDM and
manually recorded.At the same time that distances are measured,a radio
signal will be transmitted to the boat and a marking device will be
triggered by the boat operator to record the depth on the fathometer.chart
(Figure 15).
At least one photograph will be taken at each of the fishery habitat and
selected habitat evaluation sampling sites which represents the general
habitat.Additional sl ides will be taken to depict a unique situation or
notable change of habitat characteristics.
The information recorded on the top of the General Aquatic Habitat form
(AH-81-0L).will be photographed for site identification prior to
photographing the sampling site.Each AH crew member will maintain a
personallo~book and establish a section to record the photography
informatiotiTi.'.-Orientation (i .e.upstream view,downstream view,etc.),
-50-
,...
Alglll Wale,'.Edge-
DRAFT 9/25/82
___--.'3.&-"""'--'--
_----+--+1.0-..1----"1--
+3.&-"'1r---_
Figure 1~.Example of morphometric map with depths and elevations in feet
(modified from Bovee and Cochnauer,1977).
-51-
...
"""
DRAFT 9/25/82
subject,time,and date will be noted.Each roll of film and canister will
be assigned a number before use.For example,the first roll of film being
used by Roy Ballin 1979 woul d be 1abel ed RB-79-01,the second RB-79-02,
etc.He would list each photo under this number in his logbook,identify
the date,stream name,survey area,and secti on number.The rolland
canister number and the quantity of photos taken will also be recorded in
the related data column space of the General Habitat Evaluation form
(AH-81-01).
Figure 15.Large River Velocity and Depth Procedure Diagram.
Level of Effort
Aquatic Habitat personnel will be distributed within the study area as
illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.The AH staff will include one FB III,two
FB Ills and six FB lIs.Aquatic Habitat,RJ and AA-crew members will
jointly collect data as indicated in this manual.
-52-
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....
9/25/82
II 1.DATA PROCEDURES.
A.ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Sonar Data Collection and Prep?ration
Daily Procedures:
1.PRINTER TAPE STAMP:Each day1s printer tape should be stamped
(Figure 1)at the at the beginning and end of the tape as well as
anytime during the day that control settings are changed.Each
morning the tape is removed from the counter,stamped on both sides of
the tear and filled with the same information on each stamp.
2.DAILY LOG FOR SSS CONTROL:This is a summary of changes in controls
which should be updated daily (Table 1).The information is necessary
.when interpreting raw counts and calibration factor data .
3.SIDE SCANNER COUNTER LOG:Details the mechanics of operation of the
counter,substrate and related equipment (Table 2).Any apparent
malfunctions should be recorded with description,frequency,and
consistency noted ..Also,changes in sensitivity,spare card changes,
raising or moving of substrate,anticipated problems and needed
repairs on equipment.This is the place where suggestions on
improving operations,notes on river conditions which might ha've an
effect on the equipment,and general comments should be noted.
4.SIDE SCANNER COUNTS:Raw counts from printer tapes are entered by
hour and sector (Table 3).Counts which register debris or are
skipped in printing should be noted with a lid II or II S "in the
appropri ate hour-sector box.Enter 110 11 if there are no counts.To
tabulate data:An average of the hour on each side of a skip should
be used for the skip and counts should ba totaled for each sector and
each hour .The grand total is the total of all sectors or all hours
(theY$hould be equal).This is known as the "daily raw count ll
•In
addit~:()n the percent of total raw by sector and hour shoul d be
-53-
..,.
-
-
.-
-
-
9/25/82
recorded in parentheses next to the total.After each day I s counts
are tabulated and reported,printer tapes and SSS count forms should
be placed in notebooks'until sent to the main office.
5.FIELD COUNTER CALIBRATION:Raw counts will be calibrated in season by
visual monitoring of the counters with an osci11iscope.Field crews
wi 11 be instructed by permanent staff in the procedure for vi sua 1
counting and filling out the FIELD CALIBRATION FORM FOR SIDE SCANNING
SONAR COUNTER (Table 4).
6.DAILY DATA REPORTS:Side scanner counts and field counter calibration
results should be recorded on the DAILY ESCAPEMENT DATA form (Table
5).Data should be recorded by bank and the four daily calibration
counts should be recorded individually.
-54-
-
-
~
lo-c.a ti 0 n:
Ode:Time::~
Beam Angle:-
~
Velocity:..
O&-e Range:-
live Riln~:-~
Ob!>ervers:
-,f~
Remarb:..
1!'~
F~gure 1.Printer tape stamp.
-55-
9/25/82
-
9/25/82
Table 1.Daily log for side scan sonar counter.
0 ...;'U
~011111 .....V'c:::
:>aJ·;;'
<:>-I-
-....
:>..0 4J
~....c:
"""'~4J ~>->-~
0--,
""@ ....
",,"'OJ
=."-==;:s....-
<5 <>..>-
U
C">
'"'U
~C">....'"'"~
:>e:::
0u
z-.en
"C 4J
""c:ro
ClJ '"I-Q ""~e:::
Eeu
""--ClJ C">co c:
<:
...
>,.;,J:
s::::.....
""-=~
c:l '"U.-....0
~--eu~:>
~""~<=
>-
>
I
.lL.-.-~--l:;-,,!---'--..l...-..!'---l..-.!..--!..-~'---.!...-.!..---L.-....!.....-.:-...-.2.-----.!-~~-l.--...'
-56-
-
9/25/82
Table 2.Side scanner counter log.
~...
\);!"
~-~
QJ
>"
.-
(;)
!~.:::!
~
0:::::
QJ
~I
~
':.l
IT'!
~I·.-
c::J I0.,..
u J=:
~t.J u
0 '::I
-l 0
,'"
-57-
9/25/82
Table 3.Daily sonar counts.
AA-B2-09
Page of Oaily Sonar Counts
.Bank:_
Station:_
Date:
Time 1 2
Sector
3 4 s 6 Total 7 8
Sector
9 10 11 12 Total
0100
0200 I
0300
0400
0500 I
0600
0700
OBOO ,
I
0900 !
1000 I
lIDO
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700 ,
1800 !
1900
2000 I 1
2100 ,!
I ,
2200 :
2300
2400 ,
-Totlll
(Total raw counts)
------(Total debris counts)
(Total good counts)
--------(debris blocks)
Total good counts x 144
Total good blocks ___
Adjusted Raw Count
(Sector~1-6)'---_
________(Tota-'raw counts)
{Total debris counts)
(Total good counts)
-----------(debris blocks)
Total good counts x 144
Total good blocks ------
Adjusted Raw Count
(Sectors 1-6)_
TOTAL DAILY ESCAPEMENT (Adjusted raw count sectors 1-6 +7-12):_
COt1l'IENTS ON BACK
-58-
9/25/82
Table 4.Field counter calibration.
-
,~
."
""f
'"-I ....
..to '-c::
....QJ::J
0>0
I-OU
I u ....
u-C
c:JC::J
-00....,~u...._....
'"=::J ::J
'"0--u
>
:!:g 1 I I I I I I I!1)I I 1·/!1.1 [
I ~<I I 1"1 I II I"I I I I !I I II I I I
..~I ~\I I I I I 11 \ I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I
-59-
-
9/25/82
Escapement Sampling -Age Length Data
Fish Sampling Procedures
1.Check species of each intended sample (see Pacific Fishes of Canada,
Fisheries Research Board of Canada,Bulletin 180,Ottawa 1973).
2.A scale should only be taken from the left side fo the fish (see
Figure 2).
3.The "pre ferred scale ll is located two rows above lateral line on the
diagonal from the posterior insertion of the dorsal fin to the
anterior insertion of the anal fin.
4.If the preferred scale is missing take a scale,again on the left side
of the fish,within the area behind the dorsal fin but forward of the
ventral fin,and no more than four rows above the lateral line.
5.If no scales are present in this area,discard the fish.
~.
"''-:~
....
6.If the scale is stuck or dried,moisten and pull toward the head of
the fish gently rather than straight back .
....
7.clean all slime,grit,skin and silver pigment from the scale by
moistening and rubbing it between the fingers.The scale shou'ld be
completely clean and transparent.
8.Mount on gum card after moistening.Scales are mounted on the gum
card number which corresponds to Age Weight Length (AWL)form number
containing the length,weight and sex information for that fish.
Place it directly over the number on the gum card with the anterior
edge facing the bottom of the card (Figure 3).The ridged side of the
scale must be facing upward or no impression will be made in the
acetate card.This is the same side that is exposed on the salmon.
-60-
_9/25/82
Table 5.Daily escapement data..
-II i !I I I !I I !.1 I I I I iii!I Iii I
f------------i-~I I 1 I I I !I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
~I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~j I I I I I I i 1
I ~I I I I I I I I I ~I -I I I I I I I I I I
~I I I I I I I I·I I I I I I I I I
I I
..-
I U"'"
U·"-c:::
CJ c:::l
~oo
L.:.J l-U...
I~I
,.J:....,.
c:o
::&:
I~~~--
I I
-61-
".."
.."'.~.~-~-···K
9/25/82
"~"....'....":.'....
.-
-
-
...,
I
+-c:
C'I
Eo
L....=:>
III
r;)
o::;:
"-o
."'"L...o ..-to'_
o.+-
co>-W
J
"
o
r.J
U
~,
't:>
C'....
'-
C'-·0
·~4[.
'.
...-.-
......
Figure .2~"".Br-e~erred-scale,preferred scale zone,and length measurement.
.··(i~~l"-·-~:-
-62-
,...
DO NOT TUR~1 SCALE ;:>-
OVER 0J N N
..--l N
«Y ...-.
;:'j (""')(T)M
..-I N ("'!")
cr
~......-¢"¢<~"".--<N rr,
It
L.'J Ln ~'l to')
..--l N (Y)
r j'
'.!J \.D l..D \0
..-I N (T)
"
r-...........1'-.r--..
.--l N (T')
lateral line ""
a:>OJ ro c:J
r-1 N (T)..
Q)Q)O'l O'l
..-I N (T)
'f
0 0 0 0
N (Y)"'J
-
Fj~Lire 3.-Scale selection and mounting on gummed card .
.~.......''ffd:._..2..-
~~~.,.
-63-
9/25/82
9.Cover completed gum cards with was paper after drying,if possible.
10.Length measurements should be taken mid-eye to fork of tail and
recorded to nearest millimeter.
Labeling Procedures
The functions of proper labeling is to produce a set of sample data which
includes a gum card,an acetate impression and an AWL Form (Table 6A and
68).These have corresponding location,date,species,gear code and
subsample number.None ever has more than a single location,data,
species,gear code or subsample number.
A.Numberi ng
Numbering begins with 001 for each species at each escapement sampl ing
location for the 1980 season.Each card,AWL and acetate for a specific
group is consecutively numbered throughout the season (i.e.,CI Yentna R.
6-29-80 Red 001 to CI Yentna R.7-29-80 Red 025).It is the responsibility
of collectors to check the numbers being used each sampling day to maintain
correct sequence and omit duplication.
B.Gum Cards
1.General Guidelines
(a)Note which number to begin with,for each sample location,
for the data in question.
(b)Prior to sampling,cards may be f"illed out with species,
date,gear,locale,and collector's name.They may also be
numbered when the total cards for a given area are known for
the date.These must be carefully checked when scales are
to be fixed to assure correct information.
-IfJ:::'On-location before mounting scales,all pertinent
·:':~-:r'nfo;"mat i on should be completed on that card,in pencil.
-64-
9/25/82
Table 6A.Age~weight and length (AWL)form.
-
-
I'I J!i II I I Ii I ,I Ii Ii
il I Ii I II I I II I I I Ii II
I'I II I II I I I /I I 'II I II
Ii ,II I II I'II I I I Ii II I I
I t
1 I
I
I I
I
I I 1
I ! I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I 1
I I I
I I I
! ,I
!i I I;I II ,I ,II I I j II I II
I:I II I Ii I I I II I I I II I !!
.1',Ii I II I I I!I I I 'Ii II
-"I '1 Ii I II 1 I I 11 I I Ii II
o II l II I II I I II I I II II
I!I 11 ,II I I I II I I I 11 I II
1'-II I I!I I ,II I I I l!I II I I I I I 1 I-111-.1I I LJ ,I II I I I II I II .I I I I I I ,
ji I If I II ,I I II I i I II I 11 I I I
1 I 1 I
I
1~t!--+----+_I---7.--il-+-+-+---f!I!----......Ili-~D~~7.-~--+'--+-I--"---:'--.L.--+-~R±±3,::1 ~I I::::HJ =:J
'i ILJl;-.1_1t--f---+--7.-11-+-1---+--If--~Ii-I ----!----'II~=t:J,---!---!--+--+---~;
!I ILJlLJ II I I 'I ,,~I I 1--.4
'L 11 I Ii i "_I_-+--+I_I~;.....I--!-----:I~!-,;I_~I_-+1~__:--+--+---_'.
II i I:I II I I 1I II I I I i4
-
1 I I II I !I I [II In I f~
]I I I 1I I II I -LJI II I I I I II
I!I I II 1 Ii ,I II 11 I I I-I !-J
..-Iii I II I II I I II II I I Ol-J)I I II I II I I II Ii I I I I I I
"I I I:I II I I Ii I:!I I I i-;."'--,-I I Iii;,-I I;I I !!!I
!i!!I ::-1 ,.I I
il I I I IIil
'.-I;I " I
Ii I I Ii 0 I I I-~I it I Ii !I Ii I I I I II
-65-
9/25/82
Table 68.Commerical catch sampling information (AWL codes).
C;..J'C ~D~':':-E --,---::_
r,,~:>nth ZJay
DELII!f:RY D.!..!2 __-:-:--_:--_
:vtonrh :JcJ y
CODING
Note:DIstrict,Sucdistnct,River (stream)and sampling location codes wit!be provicec
52;~:""~~eiy.
~CT
-C:>::-.i.".-=:""=,;,a~C·=.:=::'
3 -£sce;;e:-:.c:it {to\";er,vJeir,etc.}
4 -Es.::ape:70ent (s;l3wning grounds)
5 -Tc5t :ishi:l;..o -
GEAR
o -Trap
1 Pli.rse S::ne
2 Beach Seine
3 -Drift GHlnet
4 -Set Gillnet
5 -Troll
6 -Long Li:1e -Ska tes
7 -Otter Trawl
B -Fish \V::eel
9 -?o:s
11 -::err~n:;?~rs~Sein~
12 -:iancpic;';'.=-=
13 -Dip Xet
17 -Bee ..,Ir:;.·.....l
18 Sho'.':!s
19 -"Veir
20 -
•1
BLAr--iK COL Ui\;;·'S
A -•
-'0""""'"T-'".::.i_.c-....~r..:::.
Ki;-~g
';c::t;I 5 (n::~?~-::
-:l3 -Coho f 5U·J'er
4~?ink
45 -C::u::t
TYPE OF ~.IE.".SliREr.iE:-iT
1 S~::.out to Fork of T:il
L -~\11~-eye ~o F'~~i<.:;:T~:1
3 -Orbtl/to For:<o!:ail
4 -l\!ici-eye to HYPwfel Plate
5 -Or::lt..!/to Hy;:~ra]?late
B -
c -
D -
E -
G -
B-..-
11'O~bit refers to .:ios::rior ecge :Ji e:·/~SOCk:::t.
5 -De~uga
c -La:;-.;::rey
7 -C::-,-er
...,~_..
,\leI.1 -in3;-.or-e
2
.':.G!~\G D.:.7.:'.
1 -OroUt::'5a::-:~ie
2 -l;"!ve:-~e~
~3 -
5";-5t-eE:~r;.;=C
5S L~ke Trout
51 -Sr::eit
52 -":'.fC:lC C:-.cr
53 -Doil:.·o:cr-::e::!
-
2)Len~:::-4..vei;ht me=SL:.:--=~er;:.This form is c~5i~:1~c for:a}lenc;:th it'l':?ast::-ed :0 the
ne.=.:-est r.:i~li~et~r:;.r ten~:-:of ar.inch,b)I,...·e:~~t ~.ecsured to t~~!ie~r~5~:-::1 ";.:,::::1':-
(i.e.=ec2;;rc~or t:-:~L:.:;a~c:~of a kiloq~ar.-:}or ~e:"":th of a ;..ot.;:1c.
\"::-,E:'!"~!'-?::~r,::i •..,::;~e::;::-.-\t,,·el~:-:t ~=:a,be s;Jre to .::lter t;;,e =i;~~s 1:1.t~e1r :,rc;:.c-:-CO Ii..l i7""::l 5 4
~or =:·:=::;pl~.c ~.7 lb.f!5:-~s;-,oulc:be :-ecorc-2c in the 2!1c 2:lC 3r::c:;.iL..:~s.~::::;~~:;e 1 ~~
"ne 2:1::CC;t.::7::1S.!f f:)f SOi::e f':?3s::n le:1;;t;,is :l:eas;Jred to tn::hes :-at~e:-:::.~:-.:;;a:-:t'-::)£
t:lc;:o:2"s.=::-2:-::>3 :-:':!~~::::2 -=:,",~:';::-'~:::::::::-:2 ~:-;l:-C ::'::;:"':::::i .
.-
-66-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9/25/82
2.Information Explanation
(a)Species:~nerka or Reds)Scientific or common name of
sample.
(b)Card No.:Consecutive for this area and species (see A.
Numberi ng).
(c)Locality:Name of beach,river or area and may include
cannery or site name.Use the COOK INLET SAMPLE LOCATION
CODES.(Table 6).
(d)Scow/Gear:Gear number code is listed on reverse of AWL for
appropriate type used.
(e)Sampl ing date:mo./day/year that the scales were taken.
Omit if the same as period date.
(f)Period date:mo./day/year fish actually caught.
(g)Collector:Last name{s)of person{s)collecting scales and
data.
(h)Remarks:Include anything unusual about weather,the sample
or anything else considered pertinent by collectors.
3.Example
Spec i es Ca rd N"o.---------------------Local ity _
Scow/Gear ------------------------Sampling Date Period Date _
Collector ------------------------Remarks ------------------------
C.Age W~i,gtrt Length (AWL)Form-.-..-tt1i:·~":-.
-67-
-
-
9/25/82
1.General Guidelines
(a)Information on the back of the gum card should be the same
as that on the corresponding AWL form.
(b)Each finished scale card should be attached to the
corresponding AWL form with a paper clip.
(c)Always use No.2 or softer pencil.
(d)When filling in length data,place the decimal point in the
same column consistantly.
(e)Put zeros in columns where data not taken -do not leave
columns blank.
~'Table 7.Anadromous Adult Invenstigations -Susitna Hydro Statistical
Codes and Code Samples.
~
DISTRICT SUBDISTRICT RIVER LOCATION CODE LOCATION NAME
247 41 100 101 Yentan Sonar
247 41 100 102 Sunshine Sonar
~
247 41 100 103 Talkeetna Sonar
247 41 100 104 Curry Tag/Recapture
-
-
-
2.Information Explanation (See Table 7).
(a)Heading:At the top of each AWL form,the sample name is
written out.The log number wi 11 be fi 11 ed out in
Anchorage.
(b)'District,sub-district and river:See Table 7 for proper
codes ..
-68-
-
"""
~,
....
-
9/25/82
(c)Sampling location:See Table 7.
(d)Project:Code from reverse side of AWL form.
(e)Note first date only.
(f)Period:Not necessary to fill out.
(g)Gear:Code for type used to catch the fish.Obtained from
the reverse side of the AWL form.
(h)Mesh size:Remains blank.
(i)Sample number:Sequential number which matches an
appropriate gum card (see A.Numbering).
(j)Spec.:Code for each species (see reverse of AWL form).
(k)Sex:Check male or female appropriately.Use 1 for male,2
for female.
(1)Length:Recorded in mi 11 imeters from mi d-eye to fork of
ta i 1•
(m)Weight:Recorded to nearest one-tenth kilogram.
(n)Age class:Completed by biologists after viewing scale
impressions.
(0)Column A and I:Used by Stock Identification -do not use.
(p)Column B:River bank designation.
(q)Column C:Injury code (see reverse of AWL form.Table 6b).
.Cr:J:'Column D-H:Rema rks
-69-
9/25/82
Tag/Recapture Data Collection and Preparation
Da i1y Procedures
-
1.Daily fishwheel catch will be ,reported on the Daily Log/Individual
Fishwheel Catch Record form (Table 8).Each fishwheel will have it's
own log.Eact time a fishwheel is checked,the catch will be recorded
along with the corresponding time in military hours.Following,the
last daily check,a summation shall be entered in the appropriate
space on the form (Table 8).
-
-
2.Fish which·are tagged will be recorded on the Tag Deployment Record
form (Table 9).This form may be used between fishwheels.
Appropriate information recorded on each fish tagged shall include:
date;tag number;fishwheel location;species;and sex.A sheet
summary on the number of fish tagged by species shall be entered in
the appropriate location (Table 9).
-70-
Table 8.Individual fish catch record.
-I to 't:>\y (bURL
9/25/82
j Ut-j/i=.
KEtoR.:D
~O:rECT S\Tc •FtSHwH~E:L LD t:..P\T I oAJ :
~f\JumBEQ.O~\=ISH CAPTuecl)TIm€...
OTH E f<..!.lSoc.K.EPE."PI1JK c..\-l.u.m CoHO CHIIJODK.
-
r'
~
...,
.....
-.
.....
~...,-,
-
DP\l u?-TOTF\L
--
t"
:0 .•'.•--"--
-71-
Table 9.Tag Deployment Record
9/25/82
,~
-
-
-
S \Tc.:
TA~•
n>Pf..
rr-p..~.
CoLDla.•
S?Ec..16S
SE..X I"DATe TAc"NumBe€.~l~t"lu)I-\EE.L.Loc...F\TION rY)I F
.__."'
-
I
I ..
I
I
~.•"'I'\tn PlQ.'rJ
No.F\~H IPl.Io(.,E D
SocKEYE.
?II·.)K --
e.H.u(T1
(01-\0
IOTP\l-.~
-72-
-
-
9/25/82
Table 10.Tag Recapture Record
FI';:)t4l,1.lK:f;L.T~\(,..,nATR S?EC.\E5 LEA\J£""2>Lf'.NK-.TE.Col..O~.u (OFFltE UsE ONI..Y)LC(.P.TION Nt,lmBt:12.T'r'pe~
~
--
~-I
I
.I I
I
I 1
I
_l
..
""'"
SHEET Su.mrnA12.PI
tJo.KEU\PTLLef:S
SOC.KEYE
<':01-\0
OTAL ~
JJ COLO~:INT.OeAI\l<OE....0
YeL.LOu.)"::Y
-3J TYPE.:'t=LOY SPp,{ZH~(:::S
i=>E.TE Q.SO,..}OISC =-p
-73-
9/25/82
Table 11.Stream Survey Log
.S-rR~fvn specIEs No.NO.TAr,,"~D 08S6 f!.v6 D-CL\"€.)SUR"E;'r'OF!St!:lbIf:.D l<~mA~kS JJ-011.'D~Ti'.5URVeYEDSLOU(P~CONDITIOIolS LWE 1)€FiD iOTAl-ORAj)("C bl",r 'r~L.LO'"Fwl!o I<AIJ",e F~Y
-
~
~.
~-I
.
.-
.-
:
~
"""'11 GE1'JE~PlL..·oe,se,;aVATIDN ItJ F02.Nif\T/olJ ItJc..l.uDIN4..:(i)SUR..,t!:1-'1)1::.r",,~c.E CAl2..cf'l)
@Su.Q.I/E'll 'PEI2.S0tJtJEL.®C.A~CP.SS Tflo.l.o ~urne.C'~
0)"PlaEt>PlTo2.FlC.'IVlTV ~TVpE.';>...CoL.Ol?.-
.-
-74-
-
-
,..,.
-
-
9/25/82
3.Tagged fish which are recapture9 shall be logged on the Tag Recapture
Record form (Table 10).Information recorded on each recatpure shall
include:fishwheel location;tag number;color and type;and species.
A sheet summary of recaptures by species shall be entered at the
location indicated on the form (Table 10)~
Survey Data Collection and Preparation
Foot surveys on cl ear water sloughs and stream wi 11 be recorded on the
Stream Survey Log form (Table 11).Data recorded on each survey will
include:stream or slough name;data;survey conditions (Excellent,Good,
Fair,Poor);individual species surveyed;live and dead counts on
particular species surveyed;and number of 1ive tagged members by tag
type/color.The "Remarks"column,in particular,will include information
on tagged carcasses (tag type,number and color by species).
Deployment of electrofishing gillnet and other sampling gear will be
recorded on the Variable Gear Log form (Table 12).Information recorded
will include:gear type;survey location (general and legal);date;time
(beginning and end);and catch by species.
Egg pumping results will be recorded on the Egg Deposition Log form
(Table 13).A separate form will be used for each sampling site.Number
of eggs and fry co 11 ected will be logged as ei ther dead or ali ve by
individual plot.Sampling location will be identified in legal and general
terms.
Development of data forms for the chinook salmon survey is pending review
of the survey design by the absent project biometrician.·
-75-
Table 12.Variable Gear Log
9/25/82
-C;E.p.~LOc..P\TI 0 rJ FI51-\1/.Jc..'''YlE.Co A'c..\-\il1)F\TE.Tr'PE (fYlrUTAl2.',l)l<E.m A ~kSL€loP\~~:Y ~r>~}.1
<>I-S~Ec.sll G.E.t>i E.2.fI.1..
,.J:0'8~\:>I~EN~Torp.1..:>:2:-~J:.OT~f:R...0 ~~J1C.-------
-
...,.
,.
""'".
,-
~"-"'"
....
~J I~Cl..ubE II:lEr L.C~fDTHI "DEPTH I rnSs,1-l.Sr2.t;:(IF p.,PPUC.-FlBI.E.)
~S€CTtD!J ToW~Sl+lP I<t:v':ll,,€I I
-~"'J:bE~T1Ftl SpeClES
4l J:/.Jc..LUM c.ou.~CTOes.tJAm6(~\"REC.PlPTUe.t.~J q.!Y\ATU/2.ATIO,J (ie.?Q.\i;~!"Aw~tQ._1 $Pf',W..:lH,PD~..r SPALMeR.),
-76-
-
9/25/82
Table 13.Egg deposition log.
UHlt:..
SITe:,..,
G>cDe:eAL :
..!1,...,LE.&:.PlL :
Co L.L.E.C:fe ~'S;
--PLOT 10UNf'BE:R
Nu.meE:(2..E.~COS \F'QY -:R Em 1-1 'i<K'S
...(SeGlIJ.(NTll\.~LWE "'DEPli)L\\lE l)ePlD
,...
...,
"'".
.-
F"'"..
~
!
I-
J.1 S €c..TI DIJ I TDwtJ SoH I P.~~,\H,e:
"""
"""
-
~."-----
~-,'_.'-'.---77-
-
-
.-
-
-
9/25/82
B..RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISH STUDIES
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fish Studies field froms are presented in
draft form (Tables 14-16)pend-ing review by the project biometrician.At
such time as ~his review is complete,the final forms and procedures will
be released.
Biological Data
General guidelines for collection of biological data on individual fish by
species or group of species are as follows:
Juvenile Anadromous
1.Age class composition:Age class composition will be accomplished by
scale reading and size frequency analysis for juvenile chinook,coho,
and sockeye salmon.Scale samples will be taken monthly from
approximately 25 fish of each of these three species captured in the
mainstem river and its major tributaries .
2.Size sample:The size class sample will consist of the first 50
juvenile salmon captured in each size class and 10%of those captured
in each size class thereafter.Measurement will be in mm to total
length.
Rainbow Trout,Dolly Varden/Arctic Char,Round ~Ihitefish,Humpback
Whitefish,Lake Trout,and Longnose Sucker
1.Age class composition:Age class composition will be accomplished by
scale reading and size frequency analysis.Scale sarnples will be
taken from all adults of these species captured.
-78-
9/25/82
Table 14.Susitna Hydro Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Study Biological
Data,RJ 81-02.
File No._Page __of _
SUSITNA HYDRO RESIDENT &JUVENILE ANADROMOUS STUDY
BIOLOGICAL DATA RJ 81-02
HabitatLocation _Sampling
Site
RiverMile _
Date(s)Collected _Collector(s)_
+
'"(J0 >4',§..<eo ..(J(J<eo ':(J0 q ~;;.".."'0<:-..t;i(J0 -t',§..'"","i ..(J(J""':(J0 q ~;.~.."'0<:-
1 ,i26
2 27
3 l2a
4 29
5 30
6 31
7 32
8 33
9 34
~O 3S
11 36 \."
~2 37 ..~
~3 3S
14 3S
~5 4C
~6 41
-.--~7 42
~.8 4:3
~9 44
120 4S
21 41:
122 ~"
23 ~€
24 ~5
25 ~C
....
....
GEAR TYPE CODE SPECIES CODE
beach seine 3 burbot 590 humpback whitefish 562
burbot set 10a chinook O-+-410 lake trout 550
drift gmnet 1a chinook 1-+-411 longnose suck er .920
~alectroshock 2 chum salmon 450 pink salmon 440
gillnet 1 coho 0+430 rainbow trout 541
hook &line 9 coho 1-+-431 round whitefish 5B6
minnow trap 5 coho 2+432 smett/eulachon 511
trot line 10 coUld 910 sockeye 0 +420-dolly yard""530 sockeye 1-+-421
grayling 610 stickleback 660
.-
-79-
9/25/82
Table 14.Susitna Hydro Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Study Biological
Data,RJ 81-02.
File No._Page __of _
SUSITNA HYDRO RESIDENT &JUVENILE ANADROMOUS STUDY
BIOLOGICAL DATA RJ 81-02
HabitatLocation _Sampling
Site
Date(s)Collected _Collector(s)_
.....
"'''oIi'.§....",c",,4fI ,,:,,0 q /!!<:-...eof::"..Q",o o$i ..§''I>....",'IIi cf ..o q ~~~...flJQ~
1 ,26
2 ~7
3 128
4 ~9
5 30
.6 ~1
7 ~2
8 ~3
9 134
~O 135
11 36
12 37
.~3 38
14 39
15 40
16 41
-.--
17 42
8 43 I
19 44
20 45
21 46.I
122 47
23 4S
24 49
25 5C I
-
GEAR TYPE CODe
beach ae;ne 3
burbot set 10a
drif1 gillnet 1 a
electroshoCk 2
gillnat 1
hook &line 9 .
minnow ~tra1J.5 -
trOI line .10
burbot
chinook 0+
chinook 10\-
chum salmon
coho 0+
coho 1+
coho 2+
coUid
dolly varden
grayling
SPECIES CODE
590 humpback w hitelish
410 lake trout
411 longnose sucker
450 pink salmon
430 rainbow trout
431 round whitelish
432 smelUeulachon
910 sockeye 0 ..
530 sockeye 1 +
610 stickleback
5B2
550
.920
440
541
586
511
420
421
660
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Table 15.Susitna Hydro Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Study Tag and
Recapture Data,RJ 81-03.
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File No._Page _
SUSITNA HYDRO RESIDENT &JUVENILE ANADROMOUS STUDY
TA(3 ANf1 RECAPTURE DATA RJ 81-03
T A G G I N G 0 A·T A A E C A P TU A E D A T A
LOCATION If~~l)h LOCATION
lag no.dale species leng~h Habitat Location T R S dale Habltst Lpcatlpn T R Scoda(mm
-
.....
burbot
dolly varden
grnyllng
-81-
SPECIES CODE
690 humpback whlleliah 662 rainbow Irout
630 round w.hlteflah 566
610 lal,e troul 550
641
9/25/82
....
Table 16.Susitna Hydro Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Study Catch Data.
RJ 81-01.
~'I!r"",
File No._Page 1 of _
SUSITNA HYDRO RESIDENT &.JUVENILE ANADROMOUS STUDY
CATCH DATA RJ 81-01
DATE:Gear Set _
__-1..__-.J.._-1.__--.1._Habitat SamplingLocationSite
Gear Pulled _
RiverMile _
·Col/octores)_
GEAR TYPE CODE
beach seIne 3
burbot 8S t 10B
drill glllnel 1a
eleclroshock 2
olllnel 1
hook &IIno 9
minnow trap 5
Irol line 10
SPECIES CODE
burbol 590
chInook 0+410
chinook t +41 t
chum salmon 450
coho 0+430
coho 1 +431
coho 2 +432
coltld 910
dolly vsrdon 530
grayling 610
humpback
whllellsh 562
lake troul 550
longno~e 8uckor 920
pink salmon 440
relnbow troul 541
round whllelleh 6S6
emell/eulachon 5 t 1
80ckeye 0+420
sockeye 1P 42 ~
stickleback 060
!V.'"
•lolalilmo lor boach nine haul,electroshock end hook :l IIns
,-'i (;..<t
lob·~~;:~<:+~~o T I M E
CATCH -SPECIES CODE NO.REMARKS(l'Ci q <;;00$'fl'o'sol pUlled lolal*"
\,~
:
-
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2.Size sample:All individuals of these species captured will be
measured for fork length inmm.
3.Sex composition,maturity,and spawning condition determination:
Necropsies will be performed on all sampling mortalities but no more
than 10%of fish captured will be killed specifically for these
purposes.
Arctic Grayling
Data taken same as above species with the exception that if large numbers
of grayling are captured for tagging in the upper study area,10-20%sample
will be taken.Fork length will be recorded in mm.
Burbot
1.Age class composition:Age class composition will be accomplished by
reading otoliths of all burbot killed.
2.Size sample:All burbot captured will be measu~ed for total length in
mm.
3.Sex composition,maturity,and spawning condition determination:
Necropsies will be performed on all sampling mortalities,but no more
than 20%of fish captured will be killed specifically for these
purposes.
Threespine Stickleback,Cottids,and Lamprey
1.Size sample -If possible,a sample of fifty fish or 10%,whichever is
greater,will be collected and measured for total length in mm on a
monthly basis.
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C.AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
Assigning Gear Placement Site Numbers (GPSN)
The GPSN is a two-part code which identifies gear type and sample number,
thus providing a sampling location designation for each point specific
measurement made within a given sampling site.
The first part of the code indicates gear type employed at the sampling
location;the second part indicates sample number.For example,if three
minnow traps were set within a sampling site,the GPSN's would be:5-01,
5-02,5-03.Gear code designations are as follows:
Gear Type Code
Beach Seine 3
Burbot Set lOa
Drift Gillnet 1a
Electroshock 2
Gill net 1
Hook and Line 9
Minnow Trap 5
Trot Line 10
Observation 0
GPSN1s will be included when mapping a sampling site.Resident Juvenile crew
members will assign GPSWs and w~ll provide AH personnel with this information
to facilitate the correlation of data.AH personnel wili'assign GPSN's when
fishery data are not being collected.
Geographic Code
In this study,locations of features such as reaches,sampling sites,etc.,
were specifie~,"bya code containing up to fourteen characters (Figure 4).
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The first letter identifies the Alaska Meridian;the next three characters
identify the Township of the sampling point;the next three,the Range;
and,the next two,the section number within the Township.Following these
eight characters,one to four letters are used to indicate the location of
the sampling point within the 640-acre section.Each letter progressively
subdivides the section into quarters,designating them A,B, C,and 0 in a
counterclockwise direction.The first letter following the section number
therefore represents the location of the site within the quarter section
(160-acre tract);the next,the quarter-quarter section (40-acre tract);the
next,the quarter-quarter-quarter section (lO-acre tract);etc.When more
than one site is sampled within the same subsection,the number of sites is
added at the end of the code.For example,if two samples were collected
in the Seward Meridian,Section 21,Township 9 North,Range 20 West,the
geographic code would be S09N20W21DAA2.The letters DAA indicate that the
samples were collected in the lO-acre NE quarter-quarter-quarter section of
the 40-acre NE quarter-quarter section of the l60-acre SE quarter section
of Section 21 in the Seward Meridian.The number 2 following the letters
DAA indicates there were two sampling locations in this lO-acre tract .
S09N20W21DAA2
Figure 4.ADF&G Geographic Location System.
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Personal Log Book
A personal log book will be maintained by each AH crew member.Daily entries
will include the following:
Date:Year,month day
Sites visited and activities of that day
Weather:Air temperature,precipitation,cloud cover,wind,etc.
Military Time:Twenty-four (24)hour system
Water Conditions:Turbidity,clarity,color,odor,ice stage,
floating debris,etc.
Biological Organisms:Fish,benthics,and other observations
of organisms,their activities.
Sampling Conditions
Equipment Problems
Suggestions for changes or improvements
Personal Impressions:Professional judgement of habitat
relation-ships to fishery resources,etc.
Record of Photographs:Establish a separate section in the
personnel log book for the following
data:frame number,roll number,
orientation,location,date,and time.
Crew Members:Names of AA,RJ,and AH sampling crew.
This log will be maintained so a continual journal of the events occurring
at a site can be followed from one sampling period to another.The log
book will thus provide a narrative of the response of the fisheries,
physical and chemical conditions over time at a site and the hydraulic
changes that differ from sampling period to sampling peri~d.
Any other field notes that will assist in the "interpretation of the data
should also be recorded during the sampling periods.This includes unusual
conditions,or observations you consider to be important to note.These
field notes will provide the basis for preparation of the narrative portion
of final reports~
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Completing Aquatic Habitat Forms
Instructions for completing the AH forms are explained in this section.
The numbers introducing each instruction corresponds to a number encircled
in the appropriate form.Numbers one through ten apply to all forms with
the exception of Staff Gage form (AH-81-05)while numbers greater than ten
apply to the specific form under which they are listed.On the staff gage
form,numbers one through six refer to the general instructions wh~reas
numbers seven through thirteen refer to specific information.
General Instructions
1.File No.:Indicates file location.
-
"..
2.
3.
Crew:List names or initials of personnel making
measurements and entering data on form.
H~bitat Location:Enter descriptive name of study area
(i.e.Slough 8A).
4.Sampling Site:Enter descriptive name of the sampling area
within the habitat study location (i.e.head,mouth,etc.).
5.River Mile:Enter the number of miles from the river mouth
to the habitat location.River miles are indicated on the
Alaska Power Authority's Susitna River hydrographic map set.
6.Geographical Code (GC):Enter the 12 digit code identifying
the sampling location.
7.Gage Number (no.)and Height (ht.):
identification number for the gage
(i.e.,water depth at the gage).
Record the established
and the stage readi ng
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8.Sampling Period:Enter the period (e.g.early June,late
August)being sampled.
9.Page:Indicate the page number and the total number of pages
used (i.e.1 of 5,2 of 5,5 of 5).
\.
10.Description:Enter any information which helps describe the
sampling site or the sampling location (i.e.bend in river,
riffle 100 yards downstream of small island,river is
braided,straight,or meandering,etc.Figure 5).
-
a
Braided
Io
Strai(Jht Meanderin(J
-
Figure 5.River Channel Patterns (from Richardson et al,1975).
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General Aquatic Habitat Evaluation Form (AH-81-01)
This form to be completed in the field when measuring the general aquatic
habitat parameters discussed in the study description.
Instructions:
1-10.Refer to general instructions .
11.Date:Enter date measurement is being taken.
12.Military Time:Enter time using the 24 hour system (i .e.for
1:00 p.m .•enter 1300).
13.Temperature (Temp)°C:Enter air and water temperature.
14.Dissolved Oxygen (D.O .•mg/l):Enter value as measured following
the procedure in the methods section.
15.pH:Enter value as measured using the procedure described in the
methods section.
16.Specific Conductance (Cond.mhos/em):Enter specific
conductance value as measured by the procedure descri bed in the
methods section.
17.Meter and Serial Number:Enter the meter type used and its serial
number.
18.Turbidity (NTU):Indicate with a check on the left side of the
space that a turbi dity sampl e was taken.enter turbi dity value
after analysis.
19.Discharge (cfs):Indicate with a check on the left side of the
space when measurement is made.enter value after calculated from
thg.'a{~:rCharge data form.
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20.Related Data:Record number of any data forms that you know were
filled out at the same time and place,film roll number and
number of photos taken and identification of photographer or
other data that will relate (i.e.,USGS,R&M etc.).
21.Include any information which will help to interpret data and the
physical,chemical,and biological conditions observed.For
example:document any deviation from the methods described in
the manual and the conditions which prevented use of conventional
methods,i.e.,unusual weather,hydraulic conditions,etc.
Point Specific Aquatic Habitat Evaluation Form (AH-81-02)
This form to be completed in the field when measuring the point specific
habitat parameters discussed in the study description.
Instructions:
1-10.Refer to general instructions.
11.Date:Enter date data was taken.
12.GPSN:Enter the two-part gear placement site number (GPSN)which
identifies the type of fish sampling gear indicated in the gear
code and the sample number (i.e.trot line sample #3 would be
10-3).
13.Depth:Enter water depth at the gear placement site.
14.Velocity:Enter the point velocity at the depth of the sampling
gear and the mean column velocity.
15.Meter and Seri a1 Number:Enter meter type used and its serial
number.
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16.Substrate:Enter the percent and the class number of each
sediment size class (up to three)identified within a two foot
radius of each velocity/depth measurement point.
17.Embeddedness:Enter the class number for the size of substrate,
Class Five and larger embedded in surrounding materials,the
percent (%)of embeddedness and the class number for the size of
the embedding material,within the same area as the substrate eval-
uation.
18.Aquatic Vegetation:Enter the percent (%)cover of algae or
vascular plants within a two foot radius of the gear placement
site.
19.Related Data:Record the data form number of any data collected
at the same time and site.Also note any observation which may
be pertinent to the sample (i.e.minnow trap placed under cut
bank,number of fi sh at three foot i nterva 1sal ong gi 11 net,
etc.)•
20.Notes:Include any information which may help in interpreting
data.For exampl e:document any devi ati on from the methods
described in the Procedures Manual and the conditions which
prevented use of conventional methods,unusual weather or other
circumstances.
Planimetric View Map Form (AH-81-03)
A map describing the study habitat site is drawn on this form in the field.
Instructions:
1-10.Refer to general instructions.
11.Enter date map was prepared.
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12.Draft map to include the following (see Figure 5 for symbols):
Substrate
Cover
Bankfull top width and top width
Pools and riffles
Channel dimensions
Location of staff gages and transect
Location of sampling gear (use GPSN)
Compass orientation
Discharge Form (AH-81-04)
This form to be completed in the field to record total discharge measurements
and calculations.
Instructions:
1-10.Refer to general instructions~except number 8~enter date
discharge was measured.
11.Type Meter and Number:Record the type of meter (i.e.~Price AA~
Pygmy or Marsh McBirney meter)and the serial number.
12.Distance From Head Pin or Water's Edge:The horizontal measurement
from the head pin or waters edge to each vertical along the
transect.
13.Angle Coefficient:A correction factor for the angle of flow as
it intersects the transect line.Values fall between 0.00 and
1.00 and are determined by use of an angle coefficient chart.
14.Velocity Depth:This is the vertical distance from the water
surface to the channel bottom at each vertical measured to the
nearest 0.1 foot if possible.
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15.Streambed Elevation:Computed at each vertical by subtracting
the velocity depth from the average of the ri ght bank (RB)and
left bank (LB)water surface elevations for that transect at that
particular flow.Left and Right banks are determined by looking
upstream.These data are collected only where surveyed head pins
are established.
16.Observation Depth:Indicate at what depth the point velocity was
measured.Velocity will be measured at .6 of the depth from the
surface for a depth less than three feet and .2 and .8 for depth
greater than three feet.
17.Revolutions:Recorded number of revolutions when using a Price
AA or Pygmy flow meter.When using a Marsh McBirney meter draw a
line through this column.
18.Time:Recorded in seconds by use of a stopwatch,when using a
Price AA or Pygmy flow meter.When using a Marsh McBirney meter
draw a line through this column.
19.Point Velocity:This is the velocity obtained from the rating
table using revolution and time information or the velocity
reading from a direct readout meter.
20.Mean Vertical Velocity:The average of the 0:2 and 0.8 point
velocity readings for the vertical.If the velocity was measured
only at 0.6 the depth this is the same as the point velocity.
21.Mean Cell Velocity:The average of the two adjacent mean
vertical velocities are normally grouped beginning from the LB to
the RB water's edges.
22.Mean Cell Depth:The average of the depths of two adjacent
verticals.
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23.Cell Width:The horizontal distance between adjacent verticals.
24.Cell Area:Computed by multiplying each mean cell depth with the
ce 11 wi dth.
25.Flow (Discharge):Computed by multiplying each cell area by its
respective mean cell velocity,and when applicable,the angle
coefficient and totalling the resultant values.
26.Q:Enter total of flow column.
Staff Gage Form (AH-81-05)
Used to keep a complete record of all readings made on a specific staff gage.
Instructions:
1-6.Refer to general instructions.
7.Page:Indicate the page number and the total number of pages
used.
8.Staff Gage No.:Enter the established identification number.
9.Calibration Factor:Distance from channel bottom to zero mark on
gage.
10.Date:Enter date of reading.
11.Time:Record military time of reading.
12.Height:Record stage reading to the nearest 0.01 foot.
13.Q:Enter discharge data taken at nearest USGS gage.
14.tt:lri:j~l\Initials of person who records staff gage data.
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IV.QUALITY CONTROL
A.ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
Field sampling techniques and data recording procedures of each crew will
be monitored weekly by the Adult Anadromous Project Leader or his appointed
designee.This will insure consistency,accuracy and comformance with
standard sampling and data collection and recording methods.
Sampling gear and support equipment will be maintained in good working
order.It wi 11 be the respons i bi 1i ty of each crew 1eader to insure that
preventi ve maintenance is conducted on all equi pment.Mi nor equi pment
breakdowns will be repaired in the field.Major equipment breakdowns
and/or losses will be reported immediately to Anchorage he~dquarters.
Replacement equipment or parts will be provided at first.available
opportunity.
B.RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
-
-
Fishing techniques utilized in the various sampling schemes have veen
proven for effectiveness in ea.rlier biological studies (Langler,1956;
Sundstrom,1957;and McClane,1965).Personnel will be instructed to use
proven lures.Natural baits,when used,will be changed regularly in
insure "freshness"and ensure maximum scent transfer to the water.
Gillnets and seines will be kept mended or will be replaced if badly
damaged in operations.Equipment such as tagging guns,fishing·tac~le,
firearms,and other tools used in day-to-day operations will be cleaned and
oiled after each use to prevent rust.
Data forms will be filled out in a neat and legible manner and will be
subject to periodic review by the project leader or his assistant.
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C.AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
A systematic approach for maintaining desired standards for the measurement
of field parameters has been established for the instruments used in this
study.Thermometers are periodically compared to a National Bureau of
Standards (NBS)standard thermometer for the range of temperatures to be
encountered.If present,variations are noted and correction factors are
calculated and taped onto each thermometer.
Thermographs are calibrated following the above procedures.Timing
mechanisms are also evaluated for accuracy.Operational thermographs are
periodically inspected comparing the temperature and time on the chart with
the known time and temperature data.A mark is made on the chart at that
point.
Hydrolabs will be calibrated and checked after each field trip.Whenever a
question arises concerning quality control,the USGS,EPA,and manufacturer
of the data collection device will be consulted.
Literature is periodically reviewed to insure that state-of-the-art data
collection and analysis techniques are being observed.A hydraulic
engineer will be consulted to evaluate the accuracy of data collection and
analysis techniques.The USFWS is periodically consulted to evaluate the
accuracy of instream flow data collection and analysis techniques.
The project biometrician is consulted to evaluate the accuracy and
statistical merit for collecting data.
State-of-the-art habitat data collection and analysis courses are attended
when it is determined attendance will improve the quality of the program.
The field data are reviewed periodically by the field biologist responsible
for its collection.A brief narrative is prepared summarizing the habitat
characteristics described by the data set.Any abnormal or intervening
fjeld conditions or sampling problems which might have biased the data set
are also tQ,j)e"';.~iscussed in the narrative.
--~~~~~--
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9/25/82
Data Routing
Raw'data from the respective project sections will be forwarded to the
Anchorage Su Hydro office for copying and filing.Actual routing will
follow the path in figure 1.
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9/25/82
Data Forms
Field Crew Leaders -- - - - - - -~- -Data Folder
I
Project Leaders - - - - - - - - - - - - -Data Folder
I
Su-Hydro Office - - - - - - - - - - - - -Data Folder
~
"...
-
Original File Working Fil e
I
Data Processing
Terrestrial Environmental Services,Inc.
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Acres American,Inc.
Alaska Power Authority
Steering Committee
Alaska Department of Fish &Game
~MonthlY Report
Quarterly Report
~Annual Report
Figure 1.Data Routing,Phase I,1981.
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V.SCHEDULE
Project scheduling is as outlined in Figures 1,2,and 3.By inspecting
the figures,it becomes evident that the Adult Anadromous Fisheries Project
will conduct it1s field program between June 15 and October 17 at the sites
i ndi cated on Fi gure 1.The Resident and Juvenil e Anadromous Fi sheri es
Project will integrate itls field program with the Aquatic Habitat and
Instream Flow Project along those river reaches indicated in Figure 2.
These projects will operate year round from the estuary to Devil Canyon and
from March 15 through October 15 upstream from Devil Canyon.
Reporting dates for all projects are depicted in Figure 3.
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~
January -
10 Monthly Report
~
February -
10 -Monthly Report-~1arch -
10 ...Monthly Report ~
~bd;j Apri 1 -
10 -~1onthly Report
May Quarterly Report
10 -Monthly Report
~~June -
10 -Monthly Report
-July -
10 -Monthly Report
August -Quarterly Report
;"'"10 Monthly Report
September --10 -Monthly Report
October -
10 -Monthly Report-
November -Quarterly Report
10 -Monthly Report
December -
10 -Monthly Report
15 -Anadromous Phase I Draft Report
Figure 3.Proposed Reporting Schedule,1981.
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VI.PERSONNEL
Mr.Thomas W.Trent will supervise coordination of the Su Hydro Aquatic
Studies.Tom is a 1965 graduate of the University of North Dakota with a
degree in biological and physical sciences.After graduation,he undertook
extensive post-baccalaureate and graduate studies at Oregon State
University in fisheries and water resources.
Tom acquaire professional experience in fisheries science and water
pollution biology as a trainee for the Federal Water Quality Administration
and with the Oregon Game Commission Research Division before he joined the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game in 1971.Since joining ADF&G,Tom has
held positions with the Sport Fish Division in the Anchorage area and West
Side Susitna River sport fisheries management programs,and with the
,Habitat Protection Section dealing with development activities and
environmental impact evaluation.In 1974,the Commissioner of Fish and
Game delegated Tom the responsibil ity of developing and coordinating the
Department's positions and policies on the proposed Susitna River
hydroelectric project.
.\.~
-~~.)a.
Tom resigned from The Department of Fish and Game in early 1975 to accept a
position with the U.S Bureau of Land Management as the State Fisheries
Biologist.He subsequently rejoined the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
in 1976 as supervisor of the Region II Habitat Protection Section.Inthis
capacity,Tom was responsible for coordination of fish and wildlife
resource planning and policy input to the DNR State land disposal program,
management of the Title 16 regulatroy program for SouthcentralAlaska,and
coordination of ADF&G Susitna Riv~r hydro project matters.
Mr.Larry D.Bartlett will act as Assistant Project Coordinator.Larry has
attended Shasta College and Humboldt State University in California,and
Western Washington State University in Bell ingham,Washington.He al so
holds a Master of Science degree from the University of Idaho Moscow,
Idaho.
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Undergraduate studies specialized in Glacial/Pliestocene Geology,Alpine
and Aquatic Entomology,Cellular Physiology and Genetics,Limnology,
Oceanography and Chemistry.
Graduate research specialized in water quality parameters assosiated with
inductrial pollution.The research was coordinated with the College of
Civil Engineering,Washington State University Pullman,Washington.Larry
conducted this research under a NSF/OWRR fellowship.
In addition to employment in the field of water quality,Larry has been
employed as a Research and Development Chemist with a Canadian Corporation
researching germicidal ultra-violet radiation for the sterilization of
potable water supplies in developing nations.
In recent years Larry has been employed in the field fisheries biology
which includes several years with the U.S.National Marine Fisheries
Service working as a shell fish biologist in International Fisheries and
the Outer Continental Shelf Development Program,two years with the Alaska
Department of Fish and Game in pink and chum salmon research,and one year
as an advisor to the planning team of a private non-profit aquaculture
association before joining the Su Hydro project in March,1981.
Larry is an accompl ished author and has several noteworthy papers and
publications in the field of alpine entomology,water quality and shellfish
biology and fisheries.
Mr.Bru(:e M.Barrett will supervise the Adult Anadromous Project.Bruce
holds a Bachelor of Science degree in fisheries from -the University of
Alaska in Fairbanks and completed one year of graduate study in fisheries
before joining the Alaska Department of Fish and Game in 1972.
Bruce has held several key positions with the Department -of Fish and Game
involving anadromous fish investigations in Cook Inlet and the Susitna
River system.In 1974 he conducted the first ADF&G anadromous fish study
on the Susi'tlJa"fRlv.er between Devil Canyon and the vi 11 age of Talkeetna •
.__:.•._·7~---
.-~~:Y2~?=t-'-.--'"--,.c•
.::~~-~;.-~~.:
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9/25/82
Mr.Kevin Delaney will head the Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fisheres
Study.Kevin holds a Bachelor of Science degree from St.Cloud State
University in St.Cloud,·Minnesota.In 1974 he joined the Alaska
Department of Fish and Game in Kodiak,Alaska as a shellfish research
biologist.Kevin transferred to Anchorage in 1976 where he coauthored the
Alaskan Fisheries Atlas Volumes I and II.
Kevin has been involved with Susitna River studies since 1977.He
conducted research on Susitna River juvenile chinook and coho salmon and
held the assistant area Sport Fish biologist position for the western
Susitna drainage before joining the Su Hydro feasibilities study.
Mr.Chri stopher Estes wi 11 1ead the Aquati c Habitat and Instream Flow
studies.Christopher holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Environmental
Science from Prescott College,Prescott,Arizona.Graduate course work at
Washington State University was directed toward instream flow and aquatic
habitat evaluation procedures.
Christopher conducted his first instream flow and aquatic habitat
evaluation study for the Montana Department of Fish,Wildlife,and Parks in
1975.He joined the ADF&G as a fishery research biologist in 1977 and has
been associated with the Su Hydro feasibility studies since that time.In
1979,he initiated the ADF&G Instream Flow Program.During the same year,
he was appointed Co-chairman of the Western Division of the American
Fisheries Society Water Development and Streamflow Committee,a position he
continues to fill.
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9/25/82
VII.LITERATURE CITED
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39pp."
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Bovee,K.D.and R.Milhous.1978.Hydraulic simulation in instream flow
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stations.Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the United
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Petersen,CGJ.1984.(Cited "in ADF&G Manual on Fish Tagging.nd.AK.
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hydraulic and environmental design considerations.U.S.Dept.of
Transportation.Wash .•D.C.np.
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~Investigations of the United States Geological Survey.Book 8.Chapter
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determination of stream resource flow requirements:an assessment.
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"""
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Sundstrom,G.T.1957.Commerical fishing vessels and gear.U.S.Fish and
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I~
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"';I't·
tr·.
A1ast,··
~"".""
,~;
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