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f//7TKIL{)SI$'6A?-'3I,04(JL"\..-'t-8-7fGlossary~\,<-s"PROPERTYOF:AlaskapowerAuthority334W.5thAve.Anchorage,Alaska99501ARLIS.AlaskaResourcesLIbrary&InfennationServIcesAnchorage,Alaska--·-~i~H~P~,S~UP~P~l.-:I~nf~O·'·'~V·Ol~.·IIII·B·O·f"II·I".~ ~..-----------''-'''-_._--'--_.._---_.....--~7-8'-72-62B?:::·.:...D:.....:..:';CA.LLOCATIONLong·rangelanduseprogra"'-formuiat,on.CULTURALFEATURES:Productsofman'saction.fi5IC;;iUiEOf-RECREATIONOPPORTUNITt:Relativenumer-icalratingoftheRecl.eationOpportunityClasses.eNCOUNTERSPACE:Thoseportionsofthelandbasewhicharetopographicallysuitableandwhichpeoplenormallyusein.their pursuitsofrecreation..ESTIMATIONCONSTANTS:ThevaluesestablishedtohelpdeterminetherecreationvisitationcapacityestimatesGAOT:Groupsatonetime.Mostpeopleengageinre:reationpurSuitsinnUi:lberscftwoormore.GroupSizeislimitedtoamaximumoffourpersonsinPrefere~sesTypesIandII,andfivepersonsinPreferencesTypesIIli:IV,aqdV..-.~,-LANDMANAGEMENTOPTIONS:Sub-categoriesofmajorlandusessuchasrecreation,timbermanagement,etc.,thatdescribemanagementintentsinuseintensityandactualusepractice terms.LANDUSEPLANNING:Formulatingcoursesofactionthateffectivelycontributetothemultiresourceuseandenvirpn-mentalprotectionofNationalForestlands.~LANDUSEPLANNINGALTERNATIVES:Formulatingachoiceofreasonablemanagementactionsforagivenunitofland.~MANAGEMENTACTIONS:Implementingactivitiessuchasroadbuilding,timberharvesting,recreationfacilityconstruc-tion,etc.,whichcanchangetheexistingenvironmentalchar-acteristicofanREUtodifferingextents.~MANAGEMENTOBJECTIVES:Endresult,goals,targets,anendtobeachieved;afutureconditionorresulttobeac-complished.'"'*MANAGEMENTOPTIONS:Individualorcombinationsofvariousmanagementactions.NATURALFEATURES:Productsofnon-man-causedpro-ceses,..NFRS:NationalForestRecreationSurvey.*PAOT:Peopleatonetime.PHY'SICALCARRYINGCAPACITY:·Whencongestionandusebecomesintenseenoughtocauseexcessiveaeteriorationanddamagetothepointwherethephyscialenvironmentisunacceptablyaltered.QUALITATIVEDEFINITIONS:The·valueofexistingrecrea-tionopportunitiesonNationalFore.stlands.QUANTITATIVEDEFINITIONS:Thenumberofpeoplewhocantakeadvantageofavailablerecreationopportunitieswith-outdiminishingthequalityoftherecreationexperiencesthataresoughtafter.~AT";G'0'"":oW!;?J:AsetofvalJ,Jesassignedtothecharacter-istiCsubvariablestodeterminethedegreeofrecreationsatis-factiononemayexperiencewhilepursuinghisrecreationpre-ference."*'RECREATIONCHARACTERISTICS:Naturalandculturalat-tributes,sensualstimulation,access,remoteness,andpollu-.tionencounterstowhichpeoplemaybedrawnintheirrecre-ationpursuits..BECREoTIONEXPERIEf~CEUNtrs-mtU):DiscreteportionsoftheForestlandbasetowhichpeoplerelatewhileengaginginForestoutdoorrecreation.-RECREATIONMOTIVATIONS:Thebasicreasonsforwhichpeop:-:-'O'''9ageIr.outdocrrecreationpursuits.RECRi:.':"TIO(\;OPPORTUNITIESFavorableenvirc~:;,e,..taland5(,,::',3:CircumstancesthatcansatisfythevisitingpubliC'Svariousoutdoorrecreationpreferences.DATEDUE~\~~~';-Ij.-.•:.'.;;[~f(1.:;i",~.,.i\t'{1'Jft'fU1l('1),Sbehl·~'\.\i'-.I~wt...l.\r.o~<tllU~Oemco,Inc.38-293--•'IIIn.... "'f'tEG~6'\TIOtL.D.P.P.QRTUNITYCLASS:Numericalratingvalues.whichjieterminequalilSUNeratingforeachrecrea-tiao--f'ref.e1"encesTORTNumericalratingvaluesubtotals.,..Fesultin~rromtheualitativeEvalution.REGREATIONPREFERENCES:Orientationsthatpeopleex-hibitintheirselectionofrecreationsettingsandrecreationactivitiesforsatisfyingrepeation'motivations.RECREATIONSETTINGS:DiscreteportionsoftheForestlandbasewhenviewedfromanoutdoorrecreationstand-point..-flEgP61WEES."I[Vlt!<TE&:"Predictionsofhowmuchrecrea-tionopport~ftiesarelikelytochangeiftheenvironmentalcharacteristicsofanREUarealtered.RIM:RecreafnInformationManagement.~~~~~~!E~~~~~~~pointatwhichfeelingsofconionbecomeintenseenoughtocausetheaggregaterecreaIonsatisfactionofallvisitorstodecline.SPATIALDEFINITION:Thethree-dimensionalconcaveele-mentsofthegeomorphicbaseorvegetativeenclosure,oracombinationofboth.TIMESTREAMS:Thedurationofeffectthatmayoccurtotherecreationenvironmentasaresultofmanagementactionsonthelandbase.VISITATIONCAPACITY:Thenumberofpeoplethatcantakeadvantageofthesupplyofrecreationopportunitywithoutsubstantiallydiminishingthequalityoftheexperiencethatissoughtafter.VISITATIONCAPACITYELEMENTS:ThephysicalcharacteristicsthatareutilizedintheestimationofREUSo-cialVisitationCapacities.VISITORDAYS(VD):Onevisitordayequals12hours.(Onepersonfor12hours,or12peopleforonehour,oranycombi-nationthereof.)YEARLYVISITATIONCAPACITY(VCl:ThenumberofvisitordaysthatanacreoflandoranREUcouldreasonablyaccommodateannuallyforeachPreferencesType.YEARLYVISITATIONPOTENTIAL(VP): ConsideringtheyearlyVCandtheQuahtativeDetlnltlOnS,thenumberofvisit-ordaysanacreoflandoranREUcouldreasonablyaccom-modateannuallyforeachPreferencesType.L"~I.!')coI.!')-.::t000I.!')I.!')"MM1'13.AlaskaResourcesLIbrary&InfonnationServIcesAnchorage,Alaska7-?-73b,...1&1In1&III....IIfG•g'- --~'...._..._--_.--_...._--_._.-----_.._-_.--.-_.-_..-._----_._------an••IIJ"•..--,...'.••••,..'~.-"'"'.,*.-•.ill'.••..••'..;':['.•.~~..III..R1Liiera-cureReyiewed ·_-_........-.-----_.---7TR?5Eemtll:..J.411~&.'*a.~rUI.j.~i"""11f\or:or".":',,'"oftneConiferouS::::;-;;5:...SpeclaiH,~.I~~""toConsumptiveUses.Wagar,AlanJ..pNWForestandRangeExperimentStation.(2)MotivationsofWildtHnessUsers,CattonJr.,WilliamR.,UniversitytlfWashington,PulpandPaperMagazine0fC;111ada,WoodlandSection,Decem-ber19,1969(3)Hunter-Fishermill!(Ildracteristics:F.actorsinWildlifeManag~rT\"r";111.1PolicyQecisions,.Bond.RobertS..andWhltld~'"JamesC.,RecreationSymposiumProceed""!'.·.l.lIt'UniversityofNewYorkCollegeofForestry.',y,.ILuse,NewYork,1971.(4)TowardaBehavilll:11InterpretationofRecreationEn-gagements,wl~ilImplic~tionsforPlanning,Driver,B.L.;Tocker.~iRoss,InDnver,B.L.ElementsofOutdoorR8r:rn:1110nSPlanning,UniversityMicro-films,AnnArtllll.Michigan,1970,pp.9-31.(5)NaturalResourceUqr1dndtheHierarchyofNeeds,Hunt,JohnD.,ThejllllrnalofEnvlr.onmentalEducation,.Vol.4,No.4,:;llInmer1973.(6)ATypologyofOutrl1ll1rRecreationActivityPreferences,Hendee,John(.Gale,RichardP.,andCatton,Jr.,WilliamR.,theluurnalofEnvironmentalEducationVol.3,NumlJnr1,Fall1971.(7)IncreasingOurAW;1lnness?ftheRecreationResource,Scholer,E.A.,f1npergivenatRegion1.RecreationSeminarMarth29-April2,1971.(8)SocialAspectsof()lIldoorRecreation-theDevelopedCampground,Hendee,JohnC.,andCampbetl,FredenckL.,iIrindsinParksandRecreation6(4):13-16,1969.(9)RecreationalVaillflq,UseandManagementofNaturalAreas,Henrlnn.JohnC.,in"NaturalAreas...NeedsandOpplI11unities,"1970,SymposiumPro-ceedingNortt!wn::itScientificAssociation.(10)TheRecreationR"q'1lIfCeInventoryProcessforStateandRegionalPiil'flqDavis,HughC.,RecreationSym-posiumProl"".lIr1gS,StateUniversity.ofNewYork,Colleqp,dForestry,Syracuse,NewYork,1971.(11)SomeCapacityThPlIIyforParksandRecreationAreas,Alldredge,ROfl,lnlB.,inTrends,(Oct.,Nov.,Dec.1973).(12)CarrYQngCapacityMaintainingOutdoorRecreationuality,Lime,n'1vldW.,andStankey,GeorgeH.,RecreationSYlllpasimProceedings,StateUniver-sityofNewY"Ih.CollegeofForestry,Syracuse,NewYork.I'l!I(13)RecreationCarrYIIl'JCapacity,Tribe,CharlesB.,0.5.Depdrtrll',,11ofAgnculture,ForestSerVice,NorthernRnWI,II1,DivisionofRecreationandLands,1972(14)ForestLandscapflManagement,U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,rarestServcice,NorthernRegion,Volume1,Rpv;"",d-February1972.-::r-~-7S64 _..------------'~--___~_.L--.t_Appendices-..-:..:.:."'-....:...;-.-~..•:J__".•~I1i-'.-•.'-.'.-:-WJ'•.-n..••-......•U••_"'t:t~''o"!":•"::T"i'~:'c~--.~.'.~".....111 ._,--......----_......------._-------------.-•.-iii•--•.-r~_•..•..•.-•.----FIGURE0ATIRACTIVEFEATURES-INVENTORYDATAFORMRECREATIONEXPERIENCEUNITDESIGNATION_INVENTORIEDBY:~,-_------------_DATES:_SIGNIFICANCERATINGSHM LNOTATIONSMOUNTAINPEAKSI!ibv4'1lpeAKGEOLOGICALINTERESTSITESROCK/MINERALCOLLECTIONSITESI8-(JUJPAAlN/~6-/JI5/12JfA/Y/LAKESIRIVERS&STREAMSIBIGGAMEHUNTINGHABITATS!J-Ifl1-/11()()~£tD~J.-E~SMALLGAMEHUNTINGHABITATSIWATERFOWLHUNTINGHABITATSIUPLANDBIRDHUNTINGHABITATSIFISHINGHABITATSI'7'JCO(/"T/NJAIr£I~M.WILDLIFEOBSERVATIONAREASSPECIALWATERFEATURES~SlY/tW-w,.qr..se,A4J.J..SBOTANICALINTERESTSITESFLORAGATHERINGAREASI~/11~HA~V~77NG-offl'111!SH~C>OM~ARCHEOLOGICALINTERESTSITESHISTORICALINTERESTSITESRESERVOIRSCAMPGROUNDS//0F,u.PICNICGROUNDSSWIMMINGFACILITIESBOATINGFACILITIESIWINTERSPORTSSITESPUBLICVISITORCENTERSCOMMERCIALPUBLICSERVICESITESORGANIZATIONSITESTOUR'S-SELFGUIDED NOTES:(=:=.EQUALORGREATERTHAN:.:::sEQUALORLESSTHAN)FIGUREI-'ACCESSIBILITYANDREMOTENESSCHARACTERISTICS-INVENTORYDATAFORMDATE:_7--8"'-7~66·PORTIONSTHATAREWITHINTHEFORESTBOUNDARIESACCESSIBILITYRECREATIONEXPERII:NCEUNITDESIGNATION:_INVENTORIEDBY:_/KINDOFTRAVELFACILITIESAPPROXIMATELENGTHS·(inmiles)OFCONTAINEDINREUTRAVELFACILITIESCONTAINEDINREUNONEN/ATRAILS4-WHEELDRIVEROADSV2-WHEELDRIVEROADS2.J2.MILES(SlN(H.£lANE~VEL)MAJORTRAVELROUTESDISTANCEFROMGEOGRAPHICALCENTEROFREUTOTHENEARESTV'ROADSTHATARENOTCONTAINEDINTHEUNIT.===-3MILESFROMNEAREST4-WHEELDRIVEROAD--=-1.5MILESFROMNEAREST4-WHEELDRIVEROAD---=:::::.1.5MILESFROMNEAREST4-WHEELDRIVEROAD-=-5MILESFROMNEAREST2-WHEELDRIVEROAD-:=0-3MILESFROMNEAREST2-WHEELDRIVEROAD-===-1.5MILESFROMNEAREST2-WHEELDRIVEROAD-====1.5MILESFROMNEAREST2-WHEELDRIVEROAD~==--5MILESFROMNEARESTMAJORTR.~VELROUTE-==-3MILESFROMNEARESTMAJORTRAVELROUTE-=-1.5MILESFROMNEARESTMAJORTRAVELROUTE-===='.5MILESFROMNEARESTMAJORTRAVELROUTEREMOTENESS..••..•--•.--....•..••..Jd111 ..%!A!nIi.1~..~...."~4.....J.....,~<J--~W&<J-LL...--'9'-•I:-.·w~'%In'1.~I~"1~l18t11---_.-~---...---_.._-'''------'--_.,--FIGUREIVISUALRESOURCECHARACTERISTICS-INVENTORYDATAFORMRECREATIONEXPERIENCEUNITDESIGNATION:_INVENTORIEDBY:DATE:#CRITERIACATEGORIESRATINGSUBTOTALS1BASICTERRAINVARIETY+202GEOLOGICFEATUREVARIETY+/1-3WATERFEATURESVARIETY+/24VEGETATIVEPAITERNVARIETY+05LANDUSEEFFECTS-If-PROBABILITYOFVISUALAPPEALINDEX~tf8NOTES7-8-7-'1 ....•..•--•.-••JIj•n•..-.-111-----~_........._---_.._._-_._-FIGURE'"DISCORDELEMENTSCHARACTERSITCS--INVENTORYDATAFORMRECREATIONEXPERIENCEUNITDESIGNATION:_INVENTORIEDBY:DATE:_/DISCORDELEMENTSDISCORDELEMENTSDESCRIPTIONSIMPACTLEVELS-/LEVELI:NONEN:ALEVELII:MINORLEVELIII:MODERATELEVELIV:HIGHLEVELV:SEVEREINOTES68 -,~---------_....._---~~-......VISITATIONCAPACITYELEMENTS-InventoryDataFormRecreationExperienceUnitDesignation:_FIGURENInventoriedBy:'Date2.%ofREUAcreageinEncounterSpace.25(ExpressasDecimal)1.REUAcreage(Portionlyingw,'inForestBoundary)N.F,9000;Other•Id3.%ofEncounterSpaceinForestCover.5(ExpressasDecimal)3000/0/5(8-3lT-V2D5/0005/~/0T-IV(8-2)(8-1)2.3a.Campg~oundsb.Picnicgroundsc.SwimmingFacilitiesd.BoatingFacilities/0e.WinterSportsSitesf.PublicVisitorCentersg.CommercialPublicServiceSitesh.OrganizationSitesI.OtherPAOTSUMS:8.PAOTEstimatesforExistingRecreationFacilities:(RIM)T-III4.MilesoftrailwithinREUtl-S.Milesof4-WDroadwithinREUZ(PortionofREUlying6.Milesof2-WDroadwithinREUIw/inForestBoundary)7.MilesofMTRroadwithinREU.5DividePAOTSumsby5toconvertnumberofpeopletogroupsofpeople(GAOT).....9.%ofYearREUMaybeUsedforEachPreferencesType:(RIM)TI~Til.?5"TIII_._o_T1V_._6_TV_~(ExpressasDecimals)(a.)(b.)(c.)(d.)(e.)•111•69 ____--'c..----~---~----_..--_._-------.-....--..-'_...-....TABLEVIIICURRENTRECREATIONOPPORTUNITYINDEXES-EXTENSIVEAPPRAISALSUMMARYFORMRECREATIONPREFERE:-.CETYPEST·'VTillT-l:SUBTOTALS..+75;-2(,f+-155+/18+78ACCESSIB':...:TY..-~O+S+20+35+50REMOTENESS-3"1--t/z-+-32+.36-t-32-VIS'..;':"""Eso:....=:::+/20+96+72T4-8+24DISC.O~DE~E\~="'.TS..00a00,t:...~:._,';.....i·.\"J',....I~J......iu~...iT (../Z/(4)37'1-(3)279(10)237('1){~'f(5)"·l""'\C'l".~'.~!-,.:..c,707-S-8''2.-SWIM.FACiliTIESPICNICGROUNDSBOAT.FACILITIESWINTERSPORTSSITESWATERFOWLHUNT.HABITATSPUB.VISCENTERSCOMPUBSERVSITESBGAMEHUNT.HABITATSS.GAMEHUNT.HABITATSRIVERS,STREAMSU.BIRDHUNT.HABITATSORGSITESFISHINGHABITATSTOURS-SGUIDEDCf)U.Ia::::>....«U.Iu.....J«a::::>.......J:::>u-REUCHARACTERISTICSVARIABLESGEOLOGICALINT.SITESLAKESROCK'MIN.COLLECTIONSITEMTN.PEAKST:WILDliFEOBSERV.AREASCf):i!SP.WATERFEATURES:::>~BOT.INT.SITESU.Iu.FLORAGATHERAREAS~~-"-A-R-C-H-.-IN-T-.-S-1T-E-S-------4-~.......-u«HIST.INT.SITESa:::RESERVOIRS«CAMPGROUNDSRECREATIONEXPERIENCEUNITDESIGNATION:_NATIONALF()REST_APPRAISEDBY~':"'"DATE:_lit••........I.-..iiilEt111 ,-.-.•FIGURE0VISITATIONCAPACHYESTIMATES-SUMMARYDATAFORM71DATE:_CALCULATEDBY:_RECREATIONPREFERENCESTYPESVISITATIONESTIMATESTYPEITYPEIITYPEIIITYPEIVTYPEVPEAKCAPACITYESTIMATES(GAOT)'='15"28./27.'13205.52-YEARLYVISITATIONVO/A/YR..II.78/.03.2'17.50CAPACITYESTIMATESVO/REUiYR.132093~O/2/3(.,0348090,000YEARLYVISITATIONVOlAYR..03.~2..7Z.2"3.75'POTENTIALVOiREU:YR.ESTIMATES.3&,07f.j-f-{)irA-O.3120?'-5;oOORECREATIONEXPERIEN'CEUNITDESIG\ATiON:_NOTES:.-..•iii..adIIiIadlad....•..ad;-~.5jl.llJ..-IlIB. ----------_.......--_----------------------------.-----~~...~-u~-,j~~~MIlr{jMIl~r-IIMIlr1Ir-d~-:-:MIN.ACRESPARTYCONSTANTDERIVATIONRATIONALEGIVENS:-THESIZES(INACRES)ANDREPORTEDRECREATIONUSEDENSITIES(INVISITORDAYS)OF11WILDERNESSUNITS.EXAMPLESOFREPORTEDRECREATION-USEDENSITIESFORWILDERNESSANDPRIMITIVEAREASFORCY...1970(SELECTEDFROMEXPECTEDHIGHDENSITYUSEWILDERNESSUNITS)NAMEOFUNITSIZETOTALREPORTEDUSEVISITOR-DAYSUSE(ACRES)CY1971PERACREDESOLATION63,000298,8004.7SANGORGONIO36,00094,1002.8MISSIONMOUNTS.73,0009,600.13.TETON563,000118,700.20RAWAH26,00017,200.66BOUNDARYWATERS1,029,0001,515,0001.5STRAWBERRYMTN.32,00022,600.8THREESISTERS196,000193,500.9EAGLECAP220,000135,000.6MINARETS109,000303,1002.7JOHNMUIR500,000825,3001.6..-Thetotalreportedusespanneda100dayuseseason,ontheaverage.-Onedaysequalstwovisitordays.ASSUMPTIONS-WildernessrecreationuseparallelsTypeIrecreationuse:Thecurrent(1970)reporteduseratesfortheabovelistedwildernessunits,whenaveraged,approximatetheiraggregateestheticvisitationcapacity. ASSUMPTIONS:Peopletravelataspeedof:a.2miles/hourwhilehikingontrailsb.10miles/hourwhiledrivingon4-WDroadsc30miles/hourwhiledrivingon2·WDroadsd.50miles/hourwhiledrivingonMajorTravelRoutes--r"a'nrtt..j•.C'Id••Id•iii.-.iii~,••~----•.-.-111GIVENS:FIND:=:c=-TRAVELFACILITIESPAOTMilECONSTANTSDERVIATIONRATIONALETherateofencounterforvisitorgroupsspacedatonemileintervalswhiletravel-ingataspeedof2miles/hourinoppo-sitedirectionsonagiventrailis4/hour.Therateofenounterforvehiclesspacedatonemileintervalswhiletravelingataspeedof:a.10miles'hourinoppostiedirec-tionsonagiven4WDroadis20/hourb.30miles/hourinoppositedirec-tionsonagiven2WDroadis6O/hourc.50miles!hourinoppositedirec-tionsonagivenmajortravelrouteis100/hour4-WDroadsandmostforest2-WDroadsareofsinglelaneconstruction;majortravelroutesareofdoublelaneconstructionand.therefore,havetwicetheinherentvehicle/milecapacityof2-WDroads.Peopleexpecttoencounterfewerotherpeopleontrailsthanon4-WDroads;feweron4-WDroadsthanon2-WDroads;feweron2-WDroadsthanonmajortravelroutes.Forestvisitorswhowishtogainsatisfac-ionsforTypeIIIpreferencesdesiretoencounterfewerotherpeoplethanthosewishingtogainsatisfactionsforTypeIVVandpreferences.Themaximumtimethatpeoplewillcan-tinouslytravelis4hours.PeoplenormallytravelingroupsoftW(ormorewhenengaginginrecreatiorpursuits(e.g.•hiking,pleasuredrivingtraveltoparticularrecreationsettings).Themaximumnumberofvisitorgroup~accommodatedpermileoftravefacilityoveragiventimeperiodwhi"stillmaintainingconditionsii.e.,gro-.:encounterfrequencyle\e!sttha:...satisfyTypesIII,IVandVrecreationpreferences7 -...,....,......,,'"=,...,•.,...-----""".._.----_........_--_-....._------------METHOD:Calculatethetotalnumberofencount-ersthatanyonevisitorgroupwouldbesubjecttoovera 4hourperiod(basedontheabovegivens):TypeofCalculatedNumberTotalTravelFacilityEnounterofhrs.EncountersRate.Hr.inperiodPerPeriodTrail44164-WDRoad204802-WDRoad604240MajorTravelRt.1004400III•a.Basedonthegivensandtheassumptions,estimatethemaximumnumberofencounterspertimeperiodthatwillmaintainconditionsforsatisfyingTypeIIIIVandVrecreationpreferences:PREFERENCESTYPEKINDOFTRAVELFACILITYMAXIMUMENCOUNTERSPERPERIODTRAIL..8(1encounterevery30min.)TYPEIII4·WDROAD-16(1encounterevery15min.)2-WDROAD-24(1encounterevery10min.)MTR-48(1encounterevery5min.)4-WDROAD-24(1encounterevery10min.)TYPEIV2-WDROAD-4O1encounterevery6min.)MTR-80(1encounterevery3min.)TYPEV2-WDROAD-56(1encounterevery4.3min.)MTR-112(1encounterevery2.1min.)GAOT/MI.ESTIMATEKINDOFTRAVELFACILITYb.Basedonthestepb.estimates,calculatethemaximumnumberofvisitorgroupsthatcanbeaccommodatedpermileoftravelfacilityatanyonetime(GAOT"):ANSWER:PREFERENCESTYPESTRAIL-1visitorgroupImile4-WDROAD...4visitorgroup/mile2-WDROAD...2visitorgroup!mileMTR...24visitorgroup/mile4-WDROAD...6visitorgroup/mileTYPEIV2-WDROAD-.33visitorgroup.-mileMTR-.4visitorgroup.'mile2-WDROAD•.465visitorgroupmileTYPEVMTR...57visitorgroupmile•Assumingaonehour"atonetirr.e"duration.75 •U SGOVERNMENTPRINTINGOFFICE1974-799,640173\t,.".*--.~7!'3•.,,•••q••••Formula:(TimeBetw:en)(Speed-)encounterIn InmL=minutes.permin,1mileMinimumgroupminimumgroupspacingat....spacingatoutsetoutset.inmilesinmiles=GAOT'miEstimate76 ---'----.__......~""'........_.......~--_.......-_-.._.............>......------_._--------------..........__.._----ANSWER:250acres/visitorgroup.(Max.of4people/group)TilMIN.ACRES/PARTYCONSTANTDERIVATIONRATIONALEGIVENS:oArea319iscomprisedofapproximately133,000acres.oThenumberofhuntertripsonopeningdaythatwererecordedare:1361in19711647in19721189in1973FIND:METHOD:TheminimumnumberofacresthatarerequiredtoprovideasatisfyingTypeIrecreationexperience.a.Sumacreagesofallunitslisted(2,847,000acres)b..Sumtotalreportedusesforallunitslisted(3,530,700VD)c.Dividetotalacresbytotalusetofindtheseasonalvisitordaydensityperacre(.8VD'A'Season)d.Disaggregateseasonalusagebydivid-ing.8VD/A/Seasonbytheseasonlength(100daysx 2=200VD)t~~=.004}e.Divide.004into1'.0tofindtheminimumnumberofacres.II•..•Q••..oIndividualsnormallyhuntwithoneormoreotherhunters.oThegeneralfeeling(statisticallybased)isthathuntingpresJsureishighinarea319.ASSUMPTIONS:oArea319isbeingusedat,orverynearlyat,itsestheticvisitationcapacityontheopeningdayoftheelkanddeerhuntingseason.oArea319istypicalofthephysicalcharacteristicsofotherportionsoftheForestthatareusedforelkanddeerhunting.FIND:oTheminimumnumberofacree;thatarerequiredtoprovideasatisfyingh~ntingexpe·riencE;.METHOD:oDividetheaveragenumberofopeningdayhuntertripsfortheyears1971,72and73intothetotalnumberofacresthatcom-prisearea#319.ANSWER100acres,'visitorgroup(Max,of4people'group)73•h•• EXHIBITE7.RecreationalResourcesComment9a(p.E-7-69,Section5.4.1)CompareinformationcommontoSection5.4.1throughSection5.4.5,Section6.1.6,TablesEe7.l7andE.7.lB,andFiguresE.7.7throughE.7.l?andcor-rectalldiscrepancieswithrespectto(1)phasingofdevelopment,(2)pro-posedfacilitiestobeprovided,and(3)estimatedcostsofIIrecreationplanprojectfeaturesll•ResponseItem#9aSECTION5.4REVISIONSTherecreationsiteslistedonp.E-?-69ofChapter7,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplicationshouldreadasfollows:PhaseOne-WatanaConstructionPhaseKeyLetterEoBACFNameBrushkanaCampgroundTyoneConfluencewithSusitnaButteCreek/SusitnaRiverMiddleFork-ChulitnaRiverWatanaTownsite(partofProjectFacilityProgram)PortalEntry7-9-1 PhaseTwo-WatanaImplementationPhaseoUHILJKWatanaDamsiteWatanaTownsite(partofProjectFacilityProgram)TsusenaCreekTsusenaButteDeadman/BigLakeClarenceLakeWatanaLakePhaseThree-DevilCanyonConstructionGMid-Chulitna/DeadmanMountainPhaseFour-DevilCanyonOperationQSRDevi1CreekDevilCanyonDamsiteMermaidLakePhaseFive-ToBeDevelopedOnlyIfDemandRequiresTMNSouleCreekSouthernChulitnaMountainsFogLakes7-9-2 FutureAdditions-ToBeConsideredThroughDemandMonitoringPWStephanLakesRehabilitationSitesSection5.4.1(a)(v)onp.E-7-70shouldreadasfollows:Twenty-fivenewcampsitessimilartotheexistingdevelopment,with.025-mile(0.4km)circulationroadforproposedsite,3toiletfacilities,andotherequipment.Section5.4.2(a)(v)onp.E-7-77shouldreadasfollows:Parking,20cars;Exhibitbuilding(3,000sq.ft.);-Souvenirshop;-Museum;-Restrooms;and-Foodservice.Interpretivetrail;Fourpicnicsites;andOnebulletinboard.Note:Powerhousetourheadquarterstobelocatedonnorthsideofdamatoperationsheadquarters.Section5.4.2(c)(v)onp.E-7-79shouldreadasfollows:Twoshelters,onetrailhead,threeparkingspaces,and20miles(32km)ofprimitivetraildevelopment.7-9-3 Section5.4.2(d)(v)onp.E-7-80shouldreadasfollows:Primitivetraildevelopment,4miles(6.4km);Trailhead,with6parkingspaces;andTwotofourundesignatedcampsites.Section5.4.2(e)(v)onp.E-7-81shouldreadasfollows:Primitivetraildevelopment,4miles(6.4km);Fivetosixundesignatedcampsites;andTrailhead,with6-spaceautomobileparallelparking.Section5.4.2(f)(v)onp.E-7-83shouldreadasfollows:Primitivetraildevelopment,9miles(14.4km)andsignage.Section5.4.2(g)(v)onp.E-7-84shouldreadasfollows:Primitivetraildevelopment,3miles(4.8km);Twotothreeundesignatedcampsites;and1footbridge.Section5.4.3(a)(v)onp.E-7-85andE-7-86shouldreadasfollows:Tenparkingspaces,15miles(24km)oftrail,onetrailheadand2-4primitivecampsites.Section5.4.4(a)(v)onp.E-7-87shouldreadasfollows:Primitivetraildevelopment,9miles(14.4km);1trailhead,5parkingspaces,1bench,andsignage.7-9-4 Section5.4.4(b)(v)onp.E-7-88shouldreadasfollows:Oneshelter;Visitorcenter(5,000sq.ft.);-Foodservice;-Damexhibit-Souvenirshop;and- 1singlevaultlatrine.Eightpicnicsites;Fifteenparkingspaces;Interpretivetrail(0.5miles);Signage;andThreebenches.SECTION6.1.6REVISIONSSection6.1.6onpp.E-7-107throughE-7-109shouldreadasfollows:6.1.6-ElementsoftheRecreationPlanAccordingtoTheirPhasesofDevelopment(a)PhaseOne(SitesE,D,B,C,A,F)EBrushkanaCamp0.25miles(0.4km)ofroad;25campsites;3singlevaultlatrines;1bulletinboard;8trashcans;and1waterwell.DTyoneRiverConfluence1shelter.withSusitna7-9-5 BCAFButteCreek/SusitnaWatanaTownsiteMiddleForkChulitnaRiverPortalEntry1boatlaunchatSusitnaBridge.Temporarycampandtownfacilities.2overnightshelters;25miles(41km)primitivetrail;trailhead;trashcans;bulletinboard;signage;and6parkingspaces.Explanatoryentrysign;and2-3carpl.!llout.(b)PhaseTwo(Sites0,U,H,I,L~J,K)oUHIWatanaDamsiteVisitorCenterWatanaTownsite(PhaseTwo)TsusenaCreekTsusenaButte20parkingspaces;3,000sq.ft.visitorexhibitbuildingwithfoodservice,souvenirshop,museum,and2singlevaultlatrines;1interpre-tivetrail;4picnicsites;and1.bulletinboard.2miles(3.2km)ofprimitivetrailtoTsusenaFalls;trailhead;andparking.2shelters;20miles(32km)ofprimitivetrailtoTsusenaFalls;1trailhead;and3parkingspaces.4miles(6.4km)ofprimitivetrail;1trailhead;6parkingspaces;and2-4capacityprimitivecamp.7-9-6 6/1-PhasingLJKDeadman/BigLakeClarenceLakeWatanaLake1trailhead;5-6capacityprimitivecampsite;4miles(6.4km)ofprimitivetrail;and6parkingspaces.9miles(14.4km)ofprimitivetrail;andsignage3miles(4.8km)ofprimitivetrail;2-3capacityprimitivecampsite;and1footbridge.(c)PhaseThree(SiteG)GMid-ChulitnaMountainsDeadmanMountain1trailhead;15miles(24km)ofprimitivetrail;2-4capacityprimitivecampsite;and10parkingspaces.(d)PhaseFour(SitesQ,S,R)QSDevilCreekDrainageDevilCanyonDamsiteVisitorCenter1trailhead;5parkingspaces;9miles(14.4km)oftrail;1bench;andsignage.1shelter;5,000sq.ft.visitorcenterwithdamexhibit,foodservice,souvenirshop,and1singlevaultlatrine;8picnicsites;15parkingspaces;0.5miles(0.8km)oftrail;signage;and3benches.7-9-7 RMermaidLake8campsites;1shelter;2singlevaultlatrines;1waterwell;1bulletinboard;5garbagecans;andsignage.(e)PhaseFive-Tobedevelopedonlyifdemandrequires(SitesT,M,N,P,W).TMNPWSouleCreekSouthernChulitna3MountainsFogLakesStephanLakeRehabilitationSites8miles(12.8km)ofprimitivetrail;5-6capacityprimitivecampsite;1trailhead;and5parkingspaces.3miles(4.8km)ofprimitivetrail;capacityprimitivecampsite;1trailhead;and3parkingspaces.15miles(24km)ofprimitivetrail;15unitcampground;1singlevaultlatrine;15parkingspaces;1trailhead;andsignage.5miles(8km)ofprimitivetrail;5campsites,semi-primitive;signage;andcanoeboatramp.Asappropriate.7-9-8 FIGUREREVISIONSFigureE-7-6Thelocationdesignated"Phase1&2,C-WatanaTownsite'l,shouldreadasfa11ows:C/U-WatanaTownsitePhase1&2Thelocationdesignated"Phase5,P -StephanLake)1shouldreadasfollows:FutureAddition,P -StephanLakeFigureE-7-7ThefacilitieslistforE-BrushkanaCampshouldreadasfollows:25campsites0.25miles(0.4km)road3singlevaultlatrines1bulletinboard8trashcans1waterwellThefacilitieslistforF-PortalEntryshouldreadasfollows:1entrysign2-3carpull-out7-9-9 FigureE-7-8ThefacilitieslistforO-WatanaDamsiteandVisitorCentershouldreadasfollows:20parkingsspaces3,000sq.ft.visitorbuilding2singlevaultlatrines1interpretivetrail4picnicsites1bulletinboardFigureE-7-9ThefacilitieslistforI-TsusenaButteshouldreadasfollows:4miles(6.4km)trail1trailhead6parkingspaces2-4undesignatedcampsitesFigureE-7-10ThefacilitieslistforL-DeadmanandBigLakelistshouldreadasfollows:1trailhead6parkingspaces4miles(6.4km)trail5-6undesignatedcampsites7-9-10 FigureE-7-11ThefacilitieslistforK-WatanaLakeshouldreadasfollows:3miles(4.8km)trail1footbridge2-3undesignatedcampsitesFigureE-7-12ThefacilitieslistforG-Mid-ChulitnaMountains,DeadmanMountainshouldreadasfollows:10parkingspaces15miles(24km)trail1trailhead2-4primitivecampsitesFigureE-7-13ThefacilitieslistforS-DevilCanyonDamsiteshouldreadasfollows:1shelter5,000sq.ft.building8picnicsites1singlevaultlatrine15parkingspaces0.5miles(0.8km)trailSignage3benches7-9-11 TABLEREVISIONSTableE-7-17shouldreadasfollows:TABLEE.7.17:ESTIMATEDCAPITALCOSTSFORTHESUSITNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECTRECREATIONPHASESCapitalCosts1982DollarsPhaseOne$673,866PhaseTwo904,789PhaseThree127,432PhaseFour910,197TotalFacilities$2,616,284**TheseestimatesarebaseduponJanuary1,1982costfigures.7-9-12 TABLEE.7.18REVISIONTABLEE.7.18:ESTIMATEDCOSTSOFPROPOSEDRECREATIONPLANPROJECTFEATURES**Doesnotincludepotentialphase5andfutureadditions19821982FacilityPhaseRecreationSettingFacilitiesUnitCostTotalCostTotal TotalPHASEONEEBrushkanaCamp0.25milesofroad$386,400/mi$96,600$ $25campsites9,047226,1753singlevaultlatrines9,15727,4711bulletinboard7627628trashcans1571,2561waterwell19,04019,040371,304371,304DTyone/Susitna1shelter17,92017,92017,920389,224BButteCreek/SusitnaRiver1boatlaunch44,80044,800,r44,800434,024AMidd1eFork- 2sheHers17,92035,840ChulitnaRiver25milesoftrail7,238180,9506autoparking1,81010,8601trailhead762762(Trashcans,bu11etinboard,signs)228,412662,436CWatanaTownsiteNotinc1udedinRecreationCostsNANANAFPortalEntryEntrysign6,0006,0002-3carpull-out1,8105,43011,430673,8667-9-13 TABLEE.7.18REVISION(continued)RecreationSettingPHASETHREEFacilities1982UnitCost1982FacilityPhaseTotalCostTotalTotal127,432GMid-Chulitna/10parkingspacesDeadmanMountain15milestrail1trailhead2-4primitivecampsitesPHASEFOUR1,8107,238762NA18,100108,570762NA$$127,432QDevi1CreekRMermaidLakeSDevilCanyonDamsite1trailhead5parkingspaces1benchSignage9milesoftrail1shelter5,000sq.ft.building8picnicsites1singlevaultlatrine15parking spaces0.5mileoftrailSignage3benches8campsites1shelter2sing1e vaultlatrines1waterwe111bulletinboard5garbagecansSignage7621,8103203007,23817,920120/sqft2,0279,1571,8107,2381,0003209,04717,9209,15719,0404391402007629,05032030065,14217,920600,00016,2169,15727,1503,6191,00096072,37617,92018,31419,04043970020075,574676,022128,989203,006879,028TOTALConstructionCostPhases1-4,1982$1,008,017$2,525,092Notes:Assumesnolandacquisitioncostsforunappropriatedstateorfederallandsnorlandacquisitioncostsforprivateland.7-9-15 EXHIBITE7.RecreationalResourcesComment10(p.E-7-97,para.3)Indicateiftheproposedairfieldwillbeavailableforgeneralpublicuseduringprojectconstructionand/oroperation.ResponseAccesspoliciesandregulationsfortheproposedairfieldcannotbefina-lizeduntilthenecessaryimplementingagreementshavebeendeveloped.Atthistime,itistheintensionofthePowerAuthoritytolimittheuseoftheairfieldduringtheconstructionperiodtoproject-relatedconstructionactivities,therebyrestrictinggeneralpublicaccess.Whilethepolicyfortheoperationperiodislesscertain,itisanticipatedthattheairfieldwillcontinuetobeclosedtothepublic.Thispolicywouldfacilitatetheuseoftheairfieldforproject-relatedactivities,whilehelpinglimitandcontroldispersedpublicuseareasaroundthemajorprojectfacilities.Safety-relatedandemergencylandingswould,ofcourse,bepermitted.ThePowerAuthorityintendstoconsultwiththeresourcemanagementagencies,adjacentlandmanagersandowners,andthepublicduringtheconcludingyearsofprojectconstructionandtodevelopanaccessplanaddressingaccessroad,airfield,andreservoiruse.ThePowerAuthorityandmanagementagencieswouldpreparemanagementplansforapprovalbyFERC.InthedynamicarenaofAlaskalanduseplanning,itisappropriatetore-examinemanagementplansjustpriortotheconclusionofconstruction.7-10-1 EXHIBITE7.RecreationalResourcesComment11(p.E-7-101,para.3)ProvidetargetdatesforfinalizingplansandsubmissionofinformationrelativetoPhaseTwoengineeringdesignspecifications,finalsiteselec-tion,andsite-specificdataforallPhase-OnerecreationdevelopmentsidentifiedintheRecreationPlan.ResponseTheseplanningactivitiesarescheduledtobegininlate1985withtargetcompletiondatesextendinginto1987.Mostofthesite-specificinformationwillbedevelopedthroughthepreparationofarecreationmasterplan(forPhaseOnedevelopment),whichisscheduledforcompletionbySeptember30,1985.Themasterplanwillprovidefinalsiteselectionandsite-specificplanninginformation.WiththeexceptionoftheWatanaTownsite(SiteC)facilities,designofthePhaseOnerecreationfacilitieswillutilizeexistingdesignstandardsoftheAlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources,DivisionofParks,andwillbecompletedduringearly1986.Developmentofthesesiteswillbeginatthecommencementofthe1986constructionseason.PreparationofdesignspecificationsforfacilitiesattheWatanaTownsiteisscheduledtooccurduring1986.Thefirstportionofthetownsitecon-structionisscheduledfor1987.7-11-1 EXHIBITE7.RecreationalResourcesComment12(p.E~7-101,para.5)Provide"typicalorsimilarfacilitydesignstandardsfortheSusitnapro-jectll,asproposedinthetext.ResponseAttachedarecopiesofdesignstandardsusedbytheAlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources,DivisionofParksfortheirfacilities.Thesearein-tendedtobeusedastherecreationfacilitydesignstandardsfortheSusitnaproject.7-12-1 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EXHIBITE7.RecreationalResourcesComment13(p.E-7-101,para.5;p.E-7-110,para.4;p.E-7-113,para.3)Copiesofanyexistingagreements,aswellasanyfuturearrangementsbetweentheapplicantandcooperatingentitiesrelativetoimplementationoftheproposedrecreationplan,mustbesubmittedtotheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission.ResponseCopiesoffuturearrangementsbetweenthePowerAuthorityandcooperatingentitiesrelativetoimplementationoftheproposedrecreationplanwillbesubmittedonatimelybasistotheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionbythePowerAuthority.Atthistime,noformalagreementsareinexistence.7-13-1 EXHIBITE7.RecreationalResourcesComment14(p.E-7-105,para.1)AsidefromAPA,theDivisionofParks,anddirectlyaffectedlandowners,specifyhowotherlocalresidentswouldbeinvolvedindecisionsconcerningschedulingandimplementationofincreasedrecreationaldevelopments.ResponseDevelopmentoftherequiredagreements,policies,andregulationsforimplementationoftheproposedrecreationplanisscheduledforthelatterhalfof1983,culminatinginarecreationimplementationreportinDecember1983.CommunityinvolvementintheseeffortswillbeencouragedthroughtheSusitnaPublicParticipationProgram,whichhasprovidedinformationtolocalcommunitiesonallaspectsoftheprojectforthepast3years.Thisprogramestablishedaforumandchannelsforlocalcommunitymemberstoprovidetheirideasandpreferencesasthedevelopmentprodceeds.Therecreationimplementationreportwillestablishspecificmechanismsforobtainingadditionalagencyandcommunityinvolvementduringtherecreationdevelopmentperiodandwilldescribethisparticulardecision-makingprocessinmoredetail.7-14-1 EXHIBITE8.AestheticResourcesConmentl(p.E-8-30,para.1;top.E-8-31,para.4)IndicateifthefournaturalfeaturesofClearValley(p.E-8-22),WatanaCreekFalls,WatanaLake'(p.E-8-24),andTyoneRiverareconsideredexcep-tionalinrelationtotheprojectarea.Ifso,describethemintheExceptionalNaturalFeaturesSection5.2;includephotosintheappendix,andshowtheirlocationsonFigureE.8.5.ResponseDuringthefinalevaluationoftheprojectarea1snaturalfeatures,ClearValley,WatanaCreekFalls,WatanaLake,andTyoneRiverwereeliminatedfromtheexceptionalnaturalfeaturesidentifiedonpp.E-8-30andE-8-31inChapter8,ExhibitEofthelicenseApplication.Thus,thetextshouldberevisedasfollows:(1)PageE-8-22,line13:Removethereferenceto"4.*ClearVal-ley".(2)PageE-8-24,line21:Lakes.IIRemovethereferenceto"12.*WatanaWatanaCreekFallsandCharacterTypecharts.deleted.TyoneRiverwerenotlistedontheLandscapeTherefore,theirreferencedoesnotneedtobe8-1-1 EXHIBITE8.AestheticResourcesComment2(p.E-8-33,para.1-8)Provideabriefdescription(e.g.,viewervantagepoint,viewingdistance,numberofpotentialviewers,durationofview)ofthosesignificantviewsthatareindicatedonFigureE.8.8andmentionedinthechartsofAppen-dix8.F.Provideasimilarlevelofinformationforthetransmissionlinecorridor,includingtheintertie.ResponseThefollowingexampleindentifiesthetypesofviewconsiderationsthataredelineatedinFigureE.8.8ofChapter8,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplica-tion.AdditionalinformationonviewsalongthetransmissionlinecorridorisincludedinPart2oftheresponsetoAestheticsComment7.VIEWCONSIDERATIONSObserverPosition:ViewDuration:(afunctionofrateofmovementandpointsopportunity)Distance:AccessRoadRecreationSitesOtherProjectFacilities50milesperhourforspecificdistanceWalkingforspecificdistanceStationaryobservationatmajordestinationForeground:0to1/2mileMiddleground:1/2to2milesBackground:2milesandbeyondPanoramic(alloftheabove)8-2-1 PotentialViewers:ProposedFacilitieswhichwillbeseenVehiculartravelersOff-roadrecreationalusersTownresidentsPowerplantworkersDamsitevisitorsDamsDamsitefacilitiesReservoirsTransmissionlinesandancillaryfacilitiesAccessroadsRailroadTrailsandtrailheads8-2.-2 TheremainderofthisresponseprovidesviewconsiderationinformationforthethirtyviewsidentifiedinFigureE-8-8(seeattachedversionofthisfigure).ThisinformationiskeyedtotheattachedMaps1-5.SIGNIFICANTNORTH/SOUTHACCESSROADVIEWS(Map1)1.NenanaRiverValleyandAlaskaMountainRangeObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:FacilitiesSeen:2.ViewofButteLandmarkObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:FacilitiesSeen:AccessroadSeenat50milesperhourfor±3milesAllvehiculartraffictravelingnorthPanoramicAccessroad(foreground)AccessRoadSeenat50milesperhourfor±6milesAllvehiculartraffictravelingnorthMiddlegroundAccessroadfore-middle-ground3.PanoramicViewofClearWaterMountainsObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:FacilitiesSeen:AccessroadSeenat50milesperhourfor4milesVehiculartrafficPanoramicNone8-2-3 4.ViewsupsmalldrainagewaysintotheChulitnaMountainsObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:FacilitiesSeen:AccessroadSeenat50milesperhourfor±3milesorduringstopsatroadpull-offswithtrailheadsVehiculartraffic/hikersDrainageway,fore-middleground,ChulitnaMountainsbackgroundTrailheads,trails5.PanoramicViewofTalkeetnaMountainsObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:FacilitiesSeen:6.DeadmanCreekObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:FacilitiesSeen:AccessroadSeenat50milesperhourfor±4milesVehiculartrafficForeground,Big/DeadmanLakesMiddleground,WatanaReservoirBackground,TalkeetnaMountainsAccessroadandreservoirAccessroadorroadpull-offSeenat50milesperhourfor±6milesoratstationarypull-offsVehiculartrafficForegroundNone8-2-4 7.TsusenaButteObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:8.TsusenaDrainageObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:AccessroadortownsiteSeenat50milesperhourfor±10milesorstationary/destinationAccessroadusersandtownresidentsMiddlegroundNoneAccessroadSeenat50milesperhourfor2.5milesAccessroadusersMid-tobackgroundAccessroad,foreground8-2-5 SIGNIFICANTWATANAAREAVIEWS(Map2)9.TownsiteViewsObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Faci1itiesseen:10.WatanaReservoirObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:11.DownstreamWatanaViewsObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:WatanatownsiteStationary/destinationTownresidentsFore-tomiddlegroundDam,damsitefacilities,reservoirDamsiteStationary/destinationDamsiteworkers,visitorsForegroundthroughbackgroundPowerplantfacilities,dam,andreservoirDamsiteStationary/destinationDamsiteworkers,visitorsFore-tomiddlegroundviewsoffacilitiesBackgroundviewsofrivervalleyRiverborrowareasandpowerhouseroad,middleground~owerfacilitiesandtransmissionlines,foreground8-2-6 12.FogLakesareaObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Faci1itiesseen:13.TransmissionLinesObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:14.WatanaSiteObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:DamsiteStationary/destinationDamsiteworkersandvisitorsMiddletobackgroundVisitorsfacilitiesDamsiteStationaryshort-termanddestinationDamsiteworkersandvisitorsFore-tomiddlegroundTransmissionlinesandswitchyard(silhouetted)AccessroadabovefacilitiesSeenat50milesperhourfor±2milesDamsiteworkersandvisitorsMiddletobackgroundDamsitefacilities,thedam,andreservoir8-2-7 SIGNIFICANTEAST/WESTROADVIEWS(Map3)15.TransmissionCorridorCrossingObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:AccessroadimmediatelyunderthelineSeenat50milesperhourfor±200feetEast/westroadusersForegroundTransmissiontowersandcorridorNOTE:Thiscrossingoccursatasharpangleandminimizesthelengthofviewduration.16.TransmissionCorridorCrossingObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:AccessroadimmediatelybelowfacilitySeenat50milesperhourfor±200feet(crossing)East/westroadusersFore-tomiddlegroundTransmissioncorridorandtowersNOTE:Thiscrossingisveryoblique~causingamuchgreaterlengthofcorridortobeprominentatthecrossingaswellasalongtheuphillsideoftheeast/westroad.8-2-8 17.TalkeetnaMountainsandSusitnaRiverValleyObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:18.DevilCreekDrainageObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:19.HighLakeObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:AccessroadSeenat50milesperhourfor±5milesEast/westroadusersPanoramicNoneAccessroadSeenat50milesperhourforonemileEast/westroadusersMiddletobackgroundTransmissionline(uphillside)AccessroadSeenat50milesperhourfor±2milesofstationarypull-offHighLakevisitors,roadusersMiddlegroundtobackgroundNone8-2-9 SIGNIFICANTDEVILCANYONVIEWS(Map4)20.ReservoirObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:21.SaddleDamObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:22.DevilCanyonBridgeObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:DamsiteStationary/destinationDamsiteworkers,visitorsFore-tomiddleground;reservoirextendstobackgroundDam,damsitefacilities,andreservoirDamsiteStationaryDamsiteworkers,visitorsMiddlegroundSaddledamandassociatedfacilitiesBridgesurfaceSeenat30milesperhourfor±1milesVisitorcentervisitorsanddamsiteworkersForetomiddlegroundPowerplantoutfall,transmissionlinecorridor8-2-10 23.DevilCanyon(downstreamview)ObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:Damtop(800feetandhigher)StationaryDamsitevisitorsandworkersFore-tomiddlegroundPowerfacilities,poweraccessroads,anddryriverbed8-2-11 SIGNIFICANTOFF-ROADVIEWS(Map5)24.AlaskaRangeandChulitnaRiverValleyObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:BackcountrytrailsWalkingforindeterminatedistanceHikersPanoramicNone25-SoulCreek,DeadmanCreekandTsusenaCreek29.CaribouPass,etc.ObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:30.SusitnaRiverViewsObserverPosition:ViewDuration:PotentialViewers:Distance:Facilitiesseen:BackcountrytrailsWalkingpaceatmanypositionsHikersandrecreationalusersPanoramic,enclosedNoneRiversurfaceorshoreSeenatfloatingspeedfor±6milesRiverrecreationistsFore-tomiddlegroundRailroad8-2-12 Fl::4,*",3.,Jt12_"-;P}\.':.__T.29N.T28N.T.nM.II.4W.LEGEND:+-PANORAMICVIEWS......IMPORTANTFOREGROUNDVIEWSR.SE.iSIGNIFletTVIEWST.ttSTZ2S.f4---;!------rd.-~:_f~~¢"<~~~£:~1J.L----=L-I-__===:='::Ll.T.HN.O~IIIT.ISN.-i0T.ttNl~\Iil~!:\ji~.r:T.IINj~.~l'\j,T.tON.Ivi,---.---T9N•Ie...o4 8MILESSCALEc=:!REVISEDJUNE1983FIGUREE8.8 <'<-2-1~EDAW1983 WAc::"~..MAP3EASTIWESTACCESSROADSIGNICANTVIEWSSUSITNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECTAESTHETICRESOURCES)<"'2-I(gEDAW1983 DEVILCANYONAREASIGNIFICANTVIEWSSUSITNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECTAESTHETICRESOURCESYJ'Z-f7EDAW1983 EXHIBITE8.AestheticResourcesComment3(p.E-8~36top.E-8-41)IndicateifthereisadistinctionbetweenuseofthetermsIImediumllandIImoderatell,whichareusedinterchangeablyintheAestheticValueandAbsorptionCapabilityRatingChartsandontheCompositeRatingMatrix.ResponseThereisnodistinctionbetweenthetermsIImediumllandmoderatellasusedintheAestheticValuean~AbsorptionCapabilityRatingChartsandontheCom-positeRatingMatrix.ThetermIImediumllshouldbereplacedwithIImoderatellwhereveritappearsonpp.E-8-36throughE-8-41.8-3-1 EXHIBITE8.AestheticResourcesComment4(p.E-8-39top.E-8-40)Indicatewhethertheabsorptioncapabilityratingforthelandscapecharac-tertypeofTananaRidgeis"low"(p.E-8-39)or"moderate"(p.E-8-40).ResponseTheabsorptioncapabilityratingforthelandscapecharactertypeofTananaRidgeis"low".Therefore,theabsorptioncapabilityratingshouldreadas"low"onLine1oftheAestheticValueandAbsorptionCapabilityRatingschartonp.E-8-40inChapter8,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplication.8-4-1 EXHIBITE8.AestheticResourcesComment5(p.E-8-41)Indicateiftheabsorptioncapabilityrowshavesimilarhigh,medium,andlowdesignationsasshownfortheaestheticvalueratingcolumns.ResponseTheabsorptioncapabilityrowsshouldreadIIhigh",mediumll,and"low",fromtoptobottomonp.E-8-41ofChapter8,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplica-tion.Inaddition,inaccordancewiththeresponsetoFERCCommentNo.3under8,AestheticResources,theterm"medium"shouldbereplacedwiththeterm"moderatellintherowandcolumnheadingsonthechart.8-5-1 EXHIBITE8.AestheticResourcesComment7(p.£-8-61,para,1;p.£-8-68,para.3)Provideasimilarlevelofdescriptionandanalysistothatusedfortheprojectarea,accessroads,andtransmissionlinestubs(includingphotos,mapping,anddescriptionsoflandforms,waterforms,vegetation,andviews)forthe/IntertietransmissionlinecorridorlandscapetypesofTalkeetnaLowlands,ChulitnaRiver,BroadPass,AlaskaRange,andYanertRiverValley(Step3).Brieflydescribeandindicateonmaps(Step4)allsignificantviewpoints,viewsheds,distances,andpotentialnumbersofviewersalongtheentiretransmissionlinecorridor(e.g.,atroadcrossings,rivercrossings,skylinedareas,etc.).ProvideaestheticvalueandabsorptioncapabilityratingsfortheIntertielandscapecharactertypes(Steps5&6)anddeter-minetheprojectfeatureimpacts(Steps7&8).Finally,provideproposedmitigationmeasuresfortheIntertieprojectfeature(Step9).ResponseAdditionalstudyandfurtherdocumentationofthetransmissionlinecorri-dors,addressingallaspectsofrouteselectionandevaluation,havebeenperformedduringthefirstsixmonthsof1983.Thiseffortwillcontinueforseveralmoremonths,withafullsupplementalreportontheprojecttransmissionsystemtentativelyscheduledtobesubmittedinNovember,1983.Thisreportwillincludeavisualresourcesanalysisofallsegmentsofthetransmissioncorridor.Intheinterim,however,preliminaryinformationconcerningtheIntertiecorridorhasbeendevelopedasrequested.Thesefindingsarebasedonaliteraturereviewandlimitedfieldwork.Finalgroundtruthingwilloccurduringthe1983fieldseason.8-7-1 TheremainderofthisresponseseparatesComment7intofiveparts.Eachpartcorrespondsexactlywiththeoriginalcomment.PART1IIProvideasimilarlevelofdescriptionandanalysistothatusedfortheprojectarea,accessroadandtransmission1inestubs(inc1udingphotos,mapping,anddescriptionsoflandforms,waterforms,vegetationandviews)fortheIntertietransmissionlinecorridorlandscapetypesofTalkeetnaLowlands,ChulitnaRiver,BroadPass,AlaskaRangeandYanertRiverValley(Step3).11Thesubsequentdiscussionprovidesinformationonlandforms,waterforms,vegetation,views,andothercharacteristicsforthefollowinglandscapecharactertypesoftheIntertieportionoftheSusitnatransmissionline:oooooooooSusitnaRiverLowlands1!Mid-SusitnaRiverValleyllTalkeetnaMountains(lowlandsanduplands)1!ChulitnaRiverBroadPassA1askaRangeYanertRiverValleyNenanaUplands11CurryRidge1!(notdirectlyimpactedbytheIntertiebutexistingincloseassociationwiththeotherunits).l/BecauseofseveralchangesintheIntertiealignmentsubsequenttothepublicationoftheCommonwealthAssociatesIntertiereport(1982),theselandscapecharactertypeswereaddedtothefivespecifiedinPart1ofComment7.8-7-2 TALKEETNAMOUNTAIN(LOWLANDSANDUPLANDS)(seeEDAWPhoto#3onp.8-7-56)LandformsoooAfterrisingsteeplyseveralthousandfeetfromtheSusitnaRivervalley,thelandscapeinthelowerTalkeetnabecomesarollingterracedplateau.Theaverageelevationisabout3000feet(900meters).Afewknobsriseabove4000feet(1200meters).WaterformsoooThetundraenvironmentisverywet.Thetundracontainshundredsofsmalllakesandmuskeybogs.Gold,Cheechako,ChulitnaandDisappointmentCreeksareamongthemorescenicdrainages.VegetationooThedominantenvironmentistundra.Sprucetreesscatteredthroughtheareaareusuallyfoundatlowerelevationswithinthedrainages.ViewsoTheflatandrollingcharacteroftheseuplandsaffordspanoramicviewsoftheAlaskaRange,andtheChulitnaandTalkeetnamountains.8-7-3 oOtheroViewsofsurroundingrivervalleysfromhighpointsandterraceedgesarealsoverygood.Accessintotheareaispredominantlybyfloatplane,snowmobile,anduseofafewexistingminingand/orsettlementtrails.CURRYRIDGE(seeCommonwealthPhoto#5onp.8-7-45)LandformsooooTheCurryRidgelandscapeliesbetweentheSusitnaRiverlowlandsandtheChulitnaRiverlandscapetype.ItisdominatedbyCurryRidgeandtheChulitnaandSusitnaRivers.Thetworivervalleysnarrowto5to8mileswidealongthebaseofCurryRidge;thevalleyfloorscontinuetoslopegraduallyupwardto1400feetinelevationatthenorthendofCurryRidge.CurryRidgereaches4000to4500feetinelevation.WaterformsoooTheChulitnaRivervariesinwidthfrom1.5milesinthemiddleofDenaliNationalParktoapproximately100yardsnearthepark'ssouthernboundary.TheeasternportionofthelandscapeisdominatedbytheSusitnaRiveranditstributary,theIndianRiver.Byers,Lucy,andSpinkslakesarethemostvisible.8-7-4 VegetationoooooLandcoverisuplandspruce-deciduousandalpinetundra.Isolatedareasoflowlandspruce,deciduousforests,andlowbrush;muskeg-bogarepresent.Themoistslopesarecoveredwithbrush.Willowandalderaretypicaldeciduouscover.Theplantsystemabovetimberline.isalpinetundrawherebarrenrocksareinterspersedwithherbaceousandshrubbylow-growingplantmats.ViewsooSouthCurryRidgecommandsanexcellentviewofMt.Denali,risingabovetheflatChulitnaRivervalley,andRuthGlacier.TheParksHighwayandtheByersLakeareahaveexcellentviewsofCurryRidge.CHULITNARIVER(seeCommonwealthPhoto#11onp.8-7-48)LandformsooDividingtheAlaskaRangeandChulitnaMountains,thisflat-to-rollingvalleyispredominantlyanopenlandscape.ThedominantAlaskaRangerisesgentlyfromthevalleyincomparisontothesteepriseoftheChulitnaMountains.HurricaneCreekandHurri-caneGulchformadramaticdescentfromtheChulitnas.8-7-5 oLandformsvaryfromlevelvalleystosteepridgesintheAlaskaRangetosteeplyincisedvalleys,exemplifiedbytheHurricaneGulchrailroadbridge(whichis260feetabovethecreekbottom).WaterformsoooWaterisabundantduetothepresenceofthemeanderingChulitnaRiveranditstributaries.TheriverdividesintotheEast,Midd1eandWestForkswithinthislandscapetype.WaterfallsarepresentalongHurricane,HonoluluandAntimonyCreeksandarevisiblefromtheParksHighways.Thelakes aresmallandelongated.VegetationoooooSparse-to-moderately-densespruce-deciduousforestedareascharacterizethelandcoverinthebottomlands.Spruce-deciduousoccupytheuplands,whichmergeintoalpinetundraandrockybarrengroundatthetreeline.Largeareasofdeciduousvegetationoccupythefloodplainsandvalleyslopes.Treelessbogswithlow-growingvegetationarealsocommon.Visually,thethin,conicalsprucestandoutabovetheshrubvegeta-tion,especiallyintneuplands.8-7-6 ViewsooSpectacularmountain,glacier,andvalleyviewsareofferedinopenareasandvantagepoints.ThereareprominentviewsoftheAlaskaRangetothewestandsteeprivergulchesandmountainousterrainalongtheParksHighway.OtheroTheAlaskaRailroadandParksHighwayparalleltheriveralongtheupperslopesandterracesontheChulitnaMountains.ooThesefeaturescrosstheentirelengthofthislandscapetypefromsouthtonorth.Severalsmallroadandrailroad-relatedcommunitiesandafewdesignat-edrecreationalsitesarelocatedinthevalley.PortionsoftheParksHighwaybetweenChulitnaPassandBroadPasshavebeenrecommendedforscenichighwaydesignationsbytheAlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources.BroadPass(seeCommonwealthPhotos#13-15onpp.8-7-49and8-7-50,andEDAWPhoto#7onp.8-7-58)LandformsoTheareaischaracterizedbyabroad,gently-rolling,glacially-carvedvalleyfloorwithlittlerelief,andsteepmountainousslopesseparat-ingtheAlaskaRangeandthenorthwestChulitnaMountains.8-7-7 oooooThevalleyisovertenmiles(16km)widenearthetownofBroadPass~narrowingtofourmiles(6.4km)widenearCantwell).ThehighestelevationalongtheParksHighway~approximately2300feetabovesealevel~occursinBroadPass.Theareaischaracterizedbycontrastingtopography.Valleyfloormorainsanddrumlinsparalleltheaxisofthistrough.Thisopen~flat-to-rollinglandscapeisveryscenicwithlong~linearlakes.WaterformsooLakesarethemostvisiblewaterfeatureinBroadPass.SummitandMirrorLakesareexamplesofthelong~narrowlakesfoundinthepass.TheJackandEastForkChulitnariversarehighlyvisibleonlyatthenorthernandsouthernportions~respectively~ofBroadPass.VegetationooThelandcoverischaracterizedbyavarietyoftundraandsprucecoverpatterns.Visually~whiteandblacksprucearethemostimportantvegetationinBroadPass~sincetheirspire-likeshapeanddeepgreencolorprovideacontrastwiththesurroundingtreelesslands.8-7-8 ViewsoNotableviewsfromBroadPassincludeMt.Denali,Mt.Deborah,Mt.Pendleton,PanoramaMountain,andtheReindeerHills.TheAlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResourcesrecommendedintheir1981ScenicResourcesalongtheParksHighwayreportthattheroadbetweenthetownofBroadPassandWindybeconsideredforscenicdesignation.OtherooTheParksHighwaygoesthroughthenorthernsideofthepassneartheDenaliNationalParkboundary.TheAlaskaRailroadpassesthroughtheSummitLakeareaandparallelsthehighway.CantwellisthewestjunctionoftheDenaliandParkshighways.A1askaRange(seeCommonwealthPhoto#18onp.8-7-51andEDAWPhoto#2onp.8-7-55)ooTheAlaskaRangelandscapetypeliesnorthandwestofmanyotherland-scapetypes,thusprovidingbackgroundviewsfromthem.TheIntertiepassesthroughthislandscapecharactertypeintheWindyPassareaaroundSugarLoafMountain.LandformsoTheAlaskaRangeisasteep,crescent-shapedmountainrangeheavilysculpturedbyrecentglacialactivity.Itisapproximately600milesinlength.Theaveragewidthis50to80miles.Elevationsrangefromapproximately2,000feetinthevalleytoover20,000feetatMt.Denali.8-7-9 oooTheNenanaRivervalleyisrelativelynarrowwithintheWindyPassregionoftherange,therebyprovidingacontrasttotheopenBroadPasslandscapetypetothesouth.TheU-shapedvalley,whichisnearlyflat,isalmost1milewideinplaceswithbroadlyflaringwallsrising2,000to3,500feetabovetheriver.Thistopographyprovidesdirectviewsupthevalley.VisuallyprominentlandformsincludePyramidMountain,PanoramaMoun-tain,ReindeerHills,Mt.Healy,Mt.Fellows,andSugarLoafMountain.WaterformsoooooThemostimportantwaterfeatureistheNenanaRiver,whichisusuallygentlewithafewrapids.TheYanertFork,JackRiver,MoodyCreek,MontanaCreek,andCarloCreekareothersignificantfeatures.GlaciallakesarealsopresentwiththeDenekiLakesbeingthemostvisible.Streamsoccupyingoldglacialvalleyshavecutnarrowgorgesintotheglacialdriftsandunderlyingbedrock.Severalmajormountainpeakssupportglaciersthatextend20or30milesfromtheirsourcesandspreadoutinpiedmontlobesatthemoun-tainfronts.8-7-10 VegetationoooooViewsooOtheroLandcoverisprimarilywhitespruce-dominatedforestsatthelowerelevations(upto3,000feet)andbarerocksurfacesathighereleva-tions.Snowisthemostextensive1andcoverbetweenmid-SeptemberandearlyMay.Duringthattime,thedarkgreensprucearevisuallydistinctive.TreelineintheAlaskaRangefluctuateswithexposureandlatitude.Ingeneral,tundraandforestseparatebetween2,500and3,200feet.Shrublandsformatransitionzonebetweenthetwozones.Wettundraoccursonlowerelevations.Alpinetundrainthehigherareasmaybeprimarilybarrenwithlow,clumpingvegetation.WithintheWindyPassareaviewsaredirectednorthandsouth,upanddownthevalley.Althoughpresent,glaciersareofminorvisualsignificanceinthispartoftheAlaskaRange.TheprimaryevidenceofhumansettlementsincludestheAlaskaRailroad,ParksHighway,Cantwell,McKinleyVillage,andafewprivateresi-dences.8-7-11 YANERTRIVERVALLEY(YanertFork)(Photonotavailable-seeCommonwealthphoto#22onp.8-7-53forsimilarlandscape)LandformsoooA35-mileswaththroughtheAlaskaRangeeastfromtheNenanaRiver,theYanertRiverVa11eyrangesfrom,twomilesinwidthattheYanertGlaciertooverfivemilesattheconfluencewiththeNenanaRiver.TheAlaskaRangerisessteeplyfromthevalleyneartheglacier.GentlyslopingterracesuptothemountainsbecomeprogressivelylongerasthevalleyopensintotheadjoiningNenanaRiverValley.WaterformsoTheYanertRiverisheavilybraidedformostofitslengthbeforeturn-ingintoabroadfixedchannelriverforthelastfivemiles.VegetationoThevalleyistundradominatedwithscatteredstandsofspruceadjacenttotheriverbottom.ViewsoTheNenanaValley,YanertFork,andupperNenanaValleyneartheDenaliNationalParkentranceprovidedramaticviews.8-7-12 EXISTINGCONDITION/LANDSCAPECHARACTERTYPEPHOTOGRAPHSIndividuallandscapecharactertypesandexistingconditionswithintheIntertiecorridorwerephotographica11ydocumentedbyCommonwealthAssoci-ates,Inc.,intheirenvironmentalstudiesoftheAlaskaIntertie(Common-wealthAssociates,Inc.,1982).Thelistbelowindicatesthelandscapecharactertypesthatarerepresentedbythefo11owingCommonwea1thphoto-graphsaswellasseveralphotosdocumentedbyEDAWInc.LandscapeCharacterTypesSusitnaRiverLowlandsCurryRidgeChulitnaRiverBroadPassAlaskaRangeYanertRiverValleyPhotographNumbers(Commonwealth)1,2,34,5,6,78,9,10,1112,13,14,1514,15,16,17,18,19,2022PhotographNumbers(EDAWInc.)172(Note:TheIntertieroutenolongerpassesthroughNenanaGorge,sothislandscapecharactertypeisnotincludedinthesupplementalresponse;seePlatesG44andG45).8-7-13 PART2"Brieflydescribeandindicateonmaps(Step4)allsignificantviewpoints,viewsheds,distancesandpotentialnumberofviewersalongtheentiretrans-missionlinecorridor(e.g.,atroadcrossings,rivercrossings,skylinedareas,etc.)."SignificantviewsfortheWillowtoHealysegmentoftheIntertiehavebeenmappedusingaerialandlimitedgroundreconnaissance,USGStopographicmapanalysis,andaliteraturereview.Furtherviewanalysis,beyondwhatwaspresentedintheLicenseApplicationfortheWillowtoAnchorageandHealytoFairbankstransmissionstubsarecurrentlyinprogressandarescheduledtobecompletedinNovember,1983.Criteriausedindeterminingthesignificanceofpotentialviewpointsandviewzonesalongthetransmissioncorridorinclude:Distance:Potential:Viewers:Context:Foreground:0to0.5milesMiddleground:0.5to2milesBackground:2milesandbeyondParksHighwaytouristsandlocaltravelersDenaliHighwaytravelersAlaskaRailroadtravelersLocalresidentsBackcountryrecreationistsBoaters/raftersLandscapecharactertypeaestheticvalueLandscapecharactertypeabsorptioncapabilityinconjunctionwithexcep~ionalnaturalfeaturesOther8-7-14 Thefollowingviews(listedbyIntertiesegment)havebeenidentifiedaspotentiallysignificant.Segment#1:SusitnaRiverLowlands(seeMap1onp.8-7-59)A.0WillowCreekBridgeViewpointDistance:MiddlegroundViewers:ParksHighwayandAlaskaRailroadtravelersContext:Ingeneral,thissettinghasahighabsorptioncapabil-ity,butthetransmissionlineswillbevisibleastheycrossWillowCreek.B.oWillowSubstationVicinityViewZone(FishHook-WillowRoadViewpoint)(seeCommonwealthPhoto#1onp.8-7-43)C.Distance:Viewers:Context:oKashwitnaDistance:Viewers:Context:Foreground/middlegroundLocalroadtravelers,localresidentsBothfacilitieswillbesomewhatvisibleatthesub-stationsiteandjustnorth,andasthetransmissionlinespassthroughtheWillowarea.Thisisparticu-larlytruealongFishHook-WillowRoadduetoalackofvegetationadjacenttotheroad.RiverCrossingViewZoneForegroundWaterrecreationistsHighabsorptioncapabilitybecauseofthearea'sdensevegetationcover.Thiscrossingwouldimpactonlyashortsegmentoftheriver.8-7-15 D.EooCaswellResidencesViewZoneDistance:MiddlegroundViewers:LocalresidentsContext:Generallyhighabsorptioncapability.Thetransmissionlinetowerswillbevisiblebutnotobtrusive.LarsonLakeViewZoneDistance:Foreground/middlegroundViewers:Futureresidents,lakerecreationistsContext:Heavyvegetationwillscreenmuchofthisconflict,exceptwherethetransmissionlinespassclosetothesouthernendofthelake,possiblymakingthemvisiblefromthewater.Alsoasthetransmissionlinescon-tinuenorth,theyrisealongaridgewhichplacestheminasilhouettedpositionbetweenthispropertyandAlaskaRangeviews.F.oTalkeetnaDistance:Viewers:RiverCrossingViewZoneForeground/middlegroundBoaters,riverrecreationists(thisriverisheavilyContext:used)Thewider,braidedcharacteroftheriverinthisloca-tionmaycausethecrossingtobevisibleforsomedis-tanceupanddownthechannel.Segment#2:TalkeetnaLowlands/Uplands(seeMaps1and2onpp.8-7-59and8-7-60)G.0ChulitnaCreekCrossingViewZoneDistance:Foreground/middlegroundViewers:CreekrecreationistsContext:Heavyvegetationcovermaylimittheviewsofthiscrossing.8-7-16 H.0CurryRidgeViewPointsDistance:BackgroundViewers:BackcountryrecreationistsinDenaliStateParkContext:WhiletheTalkeetnaLandscapeitselfisnotparticu-larlysensitive,thestateparkwithintheadjacentCurryRidgelandscapeissensitive.Viewsacrossthevalleyofthetransmissionlineswillpotentiallyimpactthewildernessexperienceofhikersalongtheridge.Segment#3:Mid-SusitnaRiverValley(seeMap2onp.8-7-60)I0GoldCreekAreaViewZone(seeCommonwealthPhoto#7onp.8-7-46)Distance:Viewers:Context:MiddlegroundLocalresidents,AlaskaRailroadtravelersIntheGoldCreekarea,occasionalglimpsesofthetransmissionlineswillbepossiblewherevegetationprovidesinadequatescreening.J.oSusitnaRiverCrossingViewZoneDistance:Foreground/middlegroundViewers:Riverboatersandrecreationists(theriverisfairlyheavilyusedinthisareaforfishing,etc.)Context:Whilethelandscapegenerallyhasamoderateabilitytoabsorbthetransmissionlines,thecrossingwillpoten-tiallyintrudeonthenaturalriverexperiencehere.However,theGoldCreekSubstationsouthofthiscrossingwillnotbevisiblefromtheriver.8-7-17 K.0ChuiltnaPassViewZoneDistance:ForegroundViewers:LocalResidents(Chulitna),AlaskaRailroadtravelersContext:AsaresultofthehigherelevationsinChulitnaPass,vegetationismoresparseandcannotprovidescreeningforthis5000footsectionwheretherailroadandtransmissionlinespass.Somereductionofimpactcanbeexpectedsinceviewsaregenerallyorientedtothewestawayfromthetransmissionlines.Segment#4:ChulitnaRiverValley(seeMap2onp.8-7-60)L.0HurricaneGulchViewpoint(SeeCommonwealthPhotos#9and#10onp.8-7-47)Distance:MiddlegroundViewers:ParksHighwayandAlaskaRailroadtravelers,visitorstotheHurricaneGulchpull-offContext:Thisoutstandingnaturalfeatureisverysensitiveandcontainslittlevegetationcapableofscreeningthetransmissionlinetowers.M.0HonoluluAreaViewZoneDistance:Foreground/MiddlegroundViewers:AlaskaRailroadandParksHighwayusers.Context:Thissectionhasahighaestheticrating.Thehighwayhasbeenproposedasascenichighway.Duetotheproximityandmoderateabilityofthescatteredvegeta-tiontoscreenthecorridor,viewscouldbeobstrusive.Thisconditionispartiallymitigatedbythefactthatthebestviewsalongthisareaareawayfromthecorri-dortothewest.8-7-18 N.oForksCampground/restareaviewpointDistance:ForegroundViewers:ParksHighwaytravelers,campers,recreationistsContext:Becauseofthelimitedscreeningcapabilityintheareaandtheproximitytotherestarea,thetransmissionlinescouldseriouslyaffectviewsfromthisarea.o.0EastForkChulitnaRiverCrossingDistance:ForegroundViewers:WaterrecreationistsContext:Thisareahasahighaestheticquality.Segment#5:BroadPass(seeMap3onp.8-7-61)P.Q.ooBroadPassCommunityViewZoneDistance:.ForegroundViewers:ParksHighways,AlaskaRailroadtravelers,localresi-dentsContext:ThisareahasahighaestheticcapabilityandlowabsorptioncapabilityBroadPassValleyViewPoint(seeCommonwealthPhoto#13onp.8-7-49)Distance:BackgroundViewers:ParksHighwayandAlaskaRailroadtravelersContext:ThisareaprovidesashortopportunitytoviewthevalleyastheroadandrailroadcrossthemiddleforkoftheChulitnaRiver.8-7-19 R.oSummitLakeArea(seecommonwealthPhoto#15onp.8-7-50)Distance:MiddlegroundViewers:AlaskaRailroadandParksHighwaytravelersContext:ThisareaisaproposedscenichighwaysectionoftheParksHighway.Viewsfromtouristtrainsaredirectedtowardthetransmissionlines.Theareahashighaestheticqualityandlowabsorptioncapability.s.0CantwellArea(seeCommonwealthphoto#16onp.8-7-50)Distance:ForegroundtomiddlegroundViewers:ParksHighway,AlaskaRailroad,DenaliHighway,andOldAirportRoadtravelers;localresidentsContext:Thesparsevegetationcannotscreenimmediateviewsofthetransmissionlinesinthisarea.TheremayalsobelittlescreeningduetolimitedvegetationforthesectionleavingCantwellandrisingovertheReindeerHills.Segment#6:AlaskaRangeWindyPass(seeMap3onp.8-7-61)T.0WindyPassentrance/NenanaRivercrossing(seeCommonwealthPhoto#17onp.8-7-51)Distance:Foreground/middlegroundViewers:ParksHighwayandAlaskaRailroadtravelers,local~esidentsofWindy,NenanaRiverboaters8-7-20 Context:Thisviewofthetransmissionlinesisveryapparent.However,theinitialviewbeyondWindyPasswilltakepredominanceforautoandtraintravelers.Theproximi-tyofthetransmissionlinestotheNenanaRiverwillmakethelineshighlyvisibletoboaters.ThispartofParksHighwayisproposedforscenichighwaydesigna-tion.u.0WindyPassCorridor(seeCommonwealthPhoto#18onp.8-7-51)Distance:Viewers:Context:ForegroundtomiddlegroundParksHighwayandAlaskaRailroadtravelersAlthoughthereisafairamountofvegetation,theclosenessofthetransmissionlinealignmentwillcauseittobevisibleatcertainangles.Thisisaproposedscenichighwayarea.V.0CarloCreek(seeCommonwealthPhoto#19onp.8-7-52)Distance:ForegroundtomiddlegroundViewers:Localresidents,ParksHighwayandAlaskaRailroadtravelersContext:ThisareaexhibitshighaestheticcharacterwithlimitedabsorptioncapabilitywherethetransmissionlinescrossCarloCreek.8-7-21 Segment#7:YanertRiverValley(seeMap3onp.8-7-61)w.0McKinleyVillageDistance:MiddlegroundViewers:LocalresidentsandtouristsContext:ViewsfromMcKinleyVillageacrossthevalleywillbesomewhataffectedsincethereis1itt1evegetationtoscreenthetransmissionlines.x.oYanertRiverCrossingDistance:Foreground/middlegroundViewers:YanertandNenanaRiverrecreationists/boatersContext:Thisareaischaractrizedbyhighaestheticvalue.Segment#8:AlaskaRangeNosignificantviewsidentified.Segment#9:NenanaUplands(seeMap3onp.8-7-61)Y.oHealyDistance:Viewers:Context:Foreground/middlegroundLocalresidentsAlthoughthis 1andscapecharactertypeismoderatelycapableofabsorbingthesefacilities,theproximitytoresidenceswillcausevisualdisruption.Healyisalreadyvisuallydisrupted'byanexistinggenerationstationandassociatedtransmissionfacilities.8-7-22 PART3"ProvideaestheticvalueandabsorptioncapabilityratingsfortheIntertielandscapecharactertypes(Steps5&6).11AESTHETICVALUEANDABSORPTIONCAPABILITYRATINGSFORTHEWILLOWTOHEALYINTERTIELandscapeCharacterTypeSusitnaRiverLowlandsTalkeetnaMountains(Lowlands)TalkeetnaMountains(Uplands)AestheticValueLowModerateModerateAbsorptionCapabilityHighModerateLow8-7-23CommentsLowinaestheticvalueduetolackofaestheticallyattractivefeatures.Scaleislargeandcommon.Flatterrainanddiversevegetationpatternsshouldbeabletoeffectivelyabsorbmostmanmadefea-tures.Aestheticimpactswillnotbesignificant.Manmadefeatureswouldbevisibleinmostareasduetoflattorolling,openterrain.Scatteredsprucetreesareconsistentwithtransmissionlinecharacter.Theoverallaestheticvalueofthisareaisgooddueprimarilytovarietyoflandforms,butisnotasscenic(middleandfore-groundviews)incomparisontomanyothercharactertypes.Thebisectingforestedrivervalleyscreateadistinctandinterestingpattern. AESTHETICVALUEANDABSORPTIONCAPABILITYRATINGSFORTHEWILLOWTOHEALYINTERTIELandscapeCharacterAestheticAbsorptionTypeValueCapabilityCommentsMid-SusitnaModerateLowCommonAlaskanlandscape.RiverValleyNothingmakesitparticu-larlydistinctive.Existingmanmadeelements(i.e.railraodparalleltoriver,railroadbridge,cabins,andrailroad-relatedstructures)havenothadsignificantnegativeaestheticimpacts.ChulitnaRiverHighModeratetoDenselowlandforestHighvegetationandflattorollinglandformsallowforgoodabsorption.BroadPassHighModeratetoSprucecoverisarrangedinlowlong,narrownorth/southstandswhicha11owforgoodscreening.Massivelandformsalsodiminishimpacts.DNRrecommendsthisareabeofficiallydesignatedascenichighwayduetolandscape'slow-to-moderateabsorptioncapability.A1askaRangeHighModeratetoThemassivenessofthetohighmountainswillcausethefacilitiestobelesssignificantbecauseoftheextremedifferenceinscale.8-7-24 AESTHETICVALUEANDABSORPTIONCAPABILITYRATINGSFORTHEWILLOWTOHEALYINTERTIELandscapeCharacterTypeAlaskaRange,cont.YanertRiverVa11eyNenanaUplandsCurryRidgeAestheticValueModerateModerateHighAbsorptionCapabilityModerateModerateModeratetohigh8-7-25CommentsComplexsharptopographyallowseffectiveconcealment.Openforestedlowlandsandterracesallowforgoodabsorption.Sprucestandsoffersimilarformandtexturecomparedtotransmissionlines.Landscapehasgoodvarietyoflandformsandvegetationpatternsandlargedistinctiveriver.AestheticvalueisnothighcomparedtomanyotherAlaskancharactertypes.Thediversepatternsofthenaturalelementsandgenerallyopenlandscapewillbeabletoabsorblimitedmanmadefeaturesassumingproperplanninganddesign.Sufficientvegetation,topography,andtexturetoabsorbthetransmissionlinesinlowerareas.Upperelevationsarelesscapableofabsorptionandincludeimportantrecreationalareas. Therearealsoimpactscommontomostalignmentswhichweretoonumeroustolocateandevaluate.Theseinclude:trailssupportingactivitiessuchashiking,hunting,dogsledding,andskiing;rafting,canoeing,andaccesswaterways;aerialsightseeingtours,privateaircraft,andrailroadusers;andvisualimpactstoresidenceswherethealignmentcrossesjeeptrailsandotherunimprovedroadsleadingtotheirland.Finally,theanalysesdidnotincludecaseswhereclearedrights-of-waywillopenupsomewildernessareastohumantrespassoraccess,primarilyvehicular,whichcouldleadtothedestructionofnaturalvaluesandconsequentialvisualdisruptions(Commonwealth,1982).8-7-26 PART4IIDeterminetheprojectfeatureimpacts(Steps7&8)11.ApreliminaryexaminationofvisualimpactsalongtheIntertieportionoftheSusitnatransmissionlinecorridorwasconductedbyEDAW,Inc.inthefallof1982.TheseenclosedfindingsandevaluationsarebasedonaerialandlimitedgroundinspectionofthepreferredandalternativealignmentsaswellasanexaminationofUSGStopographicmaps.MuchoftheinventoryandanalysisdataisbasedontheMarch,1982CommonwealthReport:Anchorage-FairbanksTransmissionIntertieEnvironmentalAssessment.WhilethisdocumentaddressedonlytheconstructionphaseoftheIntertie,theinventoryofexistingconditionsandanalysisofthealignmentarevalidfortheSusitnaprojectphase.However,thepriorconstructionoftheAlaskaIntertiecreatesonesignificantdifference;namely,inmanyareastheSusitnatransmissionlineswillbecrossingotherwisepristineareasthathavebeenpreviouslyaffectedbytheconstructionoftheIntertie.8-7-27 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESAND"LANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8TransmissionSegmentLandscapeCharacterTypeCompositeRatingSegment#1-SusitnaRiverLowlands1--lowaestheticvalue;highabsorptioncapabilityFeatureDescriptionoLeavingtheWillowSubstation,Segment1parallelstheParksHighwayandAlaskaRailroadatadistanceof1to3milesawayfor20miles.FeatureImpactsoAtP.I.I0*thelinespullawayfromtheroadandrunparalleltoit,aboutfivemilesaway.oThesegmentpasseswithinaquarterofamileofLarsonLakeatP.I.39andP.I.40.oThelineleavesTalkeetnafourmilestothewestaroundP.I.40.oAftercrossingtheTalkeetnaRiver,Segment1endsatP.I.46.oThelinewillgenerallybedistantenoughfromtheParksHighwayandscreenedbythethickforegroundvegetationinthislowlandscapethatitwillbelargelyunseenbymostviewersontheground.Foregroundvegetationisdefinedasareaswithinone-halftoone-quartermileeithersideofthehighway.Thisconditionwilllargelyconcealthealignmentfrommotoriststravelingthehighwayaswellaspersonsresidingalongthehighway.*PointsofinclinationreferencedinthesechartsaretakenfromExhibitG,February1983.8-7-28 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8FeatureImpacts,cont.oSomeimpactwilloccurtomotoristswhenthealignmentisviewedfromcertainangles,i.e.forexample,asonelookseastoveropenbogs.Buthere,distancewilllessentheimpactasthealignmentisl.~milesfromthehighway,causingthetowerstoresemblethethin,verticalblackspruceinformandcolor.oThereareresidencesinCaswellwithviewstothetowersbutagain,theonemiledistanceallowsthetowerstobeintegratedwiththeexistinglandscape,creatingmoderatevisualimpact.oTheopenbogareasbetweentheblacksprucestandsallowforanaturalright-of-way,thuslesseningtheimpact.oSignificantvisualimpactwillbeimposeduponresidencesalongFishhook-WillowRoadduetothelackofvegetationimmediatelyadjacenttotheroad.oThelineswillcrossthesouthwestcorneroftheMat-SuBorough1sproposedLarsonLakedevelopment.Passingwithinone-quartermileofthelakeandrisingalonganorth/southridge,theIntertiewouldimpactwestwardviewsfromtheproperty.oThelinewillbehighlyvisibleasitcrossestheTalkeetnaRiver,animportantrecreationalresource.ParticularlywhentheIntertieisexpanded,visualimpactswillbesignificantatthispoint.8-7-29 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8oTransmissionSegmentLandscapeCharacterTypeCompositeRatingFeatureDescriptionSegment#2-TalkeetnaMountains(Uplands/Lowlands)5--moderateaestheticvalue;moderateabsorptioncapabilityBeginningatP.I.46justnorthoftheTalkeetnaRiver,segment#2runsnorthwardthroughrollingterrain.oAtP.I.52aboutthreemilesawayfromDeadhorse,thelineturnsnortheasttoP.I.61abovethecommunityofGoldCreek.FeatureImpactsooThereislittlevisualimpactalongthemajorityofSegment#2becausethickstandsofspruce,birchandbalsampoplarwereretainedasspatialseparationsbetweenthealignmentandresidences.Impactswilloccurwherethealignmentcrossestrailsandwaterwaysleadingtolocalresidences,althoughmaintenanceofavegetationbufferalongmajorwatercourseswillimpairviewsalongtheright-of-way.oTherecouldbeseriousimpactwherethealignmentcrossesthesoutheastcorneroftheChaseII,UnitIVsubdivision.oThealignmentbisectstheWestTalkeetnaBluffsAddition(1983)whichiswaitingforfinalapprovaloftheIntertieprojectbeforestartingdisposals.Thethickspruceandbirchon-sitevegetationshouldprovidesignificantscreeningtotheadditionexcepttoparcelsnearesttheright-of-way.8-7-30 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8TransmissionSegmentLandscapeCharacterTypeCampsiteRatingFeatureDescriptionFeatureImpactsSegment#3-Mid-SusitnaRiverValley5--moderateaestheticvalue;moderateabsorptioncapabilityoBeginningatP.I.61,Segment#3dropsfrom3000ftinelevationtoabout1300feet.ItpasseswithinonemileofGoldCreekandtheAlaskaRailroad,whichcrossestheSusitnaRiveratthispoint.oThelinesrunparalleltotheSusitnaRiverforfourmiles.Theyareone-quartertoone-halfmilefromtheriveronthevalleyside.oTheGoldCreekSubstationwillbelocatedatP.I.65justabovetheSusitnaRiver.oFromthispointtheIntertieturnsnorthwardandcrossestheriver.TheSusitnaProjectstubsruneast,followingtheSusitnaRiver.oSegment#3alsocrossestheIndianRiveratP.I.lOandpassesbyChulitna.oSegment#3runsthroughChulitnaPasswithinone-halfmileoftheAlaskaRailroad,endingatP.I.l3.oAftertheTalkeetnaRivercrossing,theroutewillnotbegenerallyvisibleuntilitagainnearstheSusitnaRiver,whenitwillbeinfullviewfromCurryRidgeinDenaliStatePark.8-7-31 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8FeatureImpacts,cont.oThetowertopsalongSegment#3willintroduceamoderatedegreeofimpacttoresidencesalongtheAlaskaRailroadandtouriststravelingtherailroad.Thisisduetothevegetationbeinggenerallyshorterthanthetowersandthetowersbeinglocatedonslopes.oTheimpactwillincreaseifthetowersareviewedthroughthescatteredopeningsassociatedwiththearea,particularlyintheChulitnaPasswheretherailroadandtransmissionlinespasswithinone-halfmileofeachother.8-7-32 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8TransmissionSegmentLandscapeCharacterTypeCompositeRatingSegment#4-ChulitnaRiver8--highaestheticvalue;moderateabsorptioncapabilityFeatureDescriptionooJustnorthofChulitnaPassSegment#4beginsatP.I.73.Thepowerlinesturnnorthwardatthispoint,passingbetweenChulitnaButteandtheChulitnaMountains.oFeatureImpactsoThelinescrossHurricaneGulcharoundP.I.75andthelinesrunalongsidetheParksHighway(aboutone-halftoonemileaway)from·P.I.74untilP.I.80justnorthofwherethelinescrosstheeastforkoftheChulitnaRiver.ImpactsinthesouthernportionoftheChulitnaRiversegmentaregenerallylowtomoderatebecauseofthevisualabsorptioncapabilityprovidedbythedensespruceandspruce-birchvegetationandthealignmentwhichplacesChulitnaButtebetweenthetowersandtheParksHighway.oSegment#4traversesahighlyscenicandvisiblysensitivelandscapeofHurricaneGulch.Consequently,thealignmentwaskeptatleastone-halfmileofftheParksHighwaytoallowusingmoreoftheforegroundvegetationforscreening.However,thetopsofthetowerswillbevisibleoccasionallyfromtheParksHighwayandtheclearedright-of-waywillbevisibleasitcrossesHurricaneGulch.8-7-33 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8FeatureImpacts,cont.oTheforegroundvegetation,thealignment1sdistancefromthehighwayandthefactthattheviewsalongthisportionofthehighwayareorientedtothewestacrosstheChulitnaRivertotheAlaskaRangewillmoderatevisualimpacttomotorists.8-7-34 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8TransmissionSegmentLandscapeCharacterTypeCompositeRatingFeatureDescriptionSegment#5-BroadPass9--highaestheticvalue;lowtomoderateabsorptioncapabilityoThesegmentbeginsjustnorthoftheEastChulitnaRiverValleyP.I.80.oItrunsalongtheeastsideoftheMiddleForkChulitnaRiverValley,parallelingtheParksHighwayandtheAlaskaRailroad(1/2to1mileaway).oThelinepasseswithinonemileofBroadPasscommunity.oRunningalongthevalleyedge,itcrossestheMiddleForkoftheChulitnaRiveratP.I.83.oThissegmentpasseswithinapproximatelyfourmilesofthecommunityofCantwellwhereitcrossesboththeJackRiverandtheDenaliHighwayatP.I.90.oJustnorthofCantwell,Segment#5risesoutoftherivervalleyandcrossesReindeerHills,P.I.90to93(mistakenlyidentifiedasP.I.99inExhibitG).oAftercrossingtheNenanaRiver,thissegmentendssouthofWindyPass(P.I.99).FeatureImpactsoImpactsintheBroadPasssegmentarelowtomoderatedespitethelowvisualabsorptioncapabilityofthelandscapetypebecausealignmentsaregenerallylocatedinthebackgroundbeyondtheparticularsensitiveforegroundandmiddlegroundlands.Impactsbecamesignificantwhenalignmentsareplacedintheforeground.8-7-35 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8FeatureImpacts,cant.oTheminimalimpactcanbeattributedtofourfactors:thedistancebetweentheviewerandthealignmentallowsthetowerstodiminishinsizerelativetotheviewers;theright-of-waywillbelessevidentbecausethespruceinBroadPassarearrangedinlong,narrownorthtosouthstandsallowingtheopeningsbetweenstandstobeusedasanaturalclearedright-of-way;someofthealignmentislocatedbehindverticaltopo-graphyandbelowthecrestlinetoavoidcompletesilhouetting;andthemassivenessofthemountainsdiminishesthepresenceofthetowersbecauseofthelargescaledifferences.ooThealignmentwillintroducesignificantvisualimpactsintotheCantwellareabecauseofitsproximitytoexistingresidentiallandsextendingeastoutofCantwellalongtheDenaliHighwayandOldAirportRoad.Thetowersandclearedright-of-waywillbeapparentandadequatemitigationmeasureswillbedifficultbecauseofthesparse,lowvegetation.oSignificantvisualimpactbythetowerswilloccurtonearbyresidencesasthelinecrossestheNenanaRiver.ThecrossingwillalsopotentiallyimpactthewildernessexperienceofraftersontheNenanaRiver.oThealignmentoverReindeerHillswaschosentominimizevisibilityfromtheParksHighway.oWherethealignmentrangesfromafewhundredfeettoapproximatelytwomilesnearBroadPasscommunityfromthehighway,visualimpactswillbehigher.oThecrossingoftheDenaliHighway,currentlyunderstudybytheBureauofLandManagementforscenichighwaydesignation,willalsobeinfullview.ThisistheonlymajorroadcrossingwhichoccursintheIntertieportionofthecorridor.8-7-36 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8TransmissionSegmentLandscapeCharacterTypeCompositeRatingFeatureDescriptionSegment#6-AlaskaRange(WindyPass)8--highaestheticvalue;moderateabsorptioncapabilityoTheIntertiepassesthroughtheAlaskaRangeviaWindyPass.BeginningatP.I.99thetransmissionlinesfollowtheNenanaRiver.oInthisarea,thealignmentislocatedlessthanone-quartermilefromtheParksHighwayandapproximatelyone-halfmilefromtheAlaskaRailroad.FeatureImpactsoBeginningatP.I.106thewideningvalleyallowsthelinetopullbacktoone-halfmileaway.oSegment6endsatP.I.109.oTherewillbesomeattentiondrawntothealignmentneartheParksHighwaynorthofCantwell.However,themassivenessofthesurroundinglandscapeandtheinitialrevealingofWindyPasswillgetmostoftheattention,alleviatingthenegativeexposure.oThelinewillbehighlyvisibletomotoristsasitparallelstheParksHighwayandPanoramaMountainthroughWindyPass.Onlyafewshort,scatteredspruceofferanyscreeningonPanoramaMountain.8-7-37 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8FeatureImpacts,cont.oAlthoughthereisgenerallyagooddistributionofforegroundscreeningavailablebetweenSlimeandCarlocreeks,thealignmentissoclosetothehighwayandresidencesthatitwillbevisiblefromcertainangles.oooImpactsaregenerallylowbeforeWindyPass.ImpactsintheremainderoftheAlaskaRangelandscapearelowtomoderatebecausethealignmentswereplacedinthedensestands0sprucealongthelowriverterraces.Thereisageneralavailabilityofforegroundvegetationimmediatelyadjacenttothehighway.Thisandtheincreaseddistance,asthealignmentmovesawayfromthehighwayandresidences,willlessentheimpact.ThereareseveralresidencesbehindMcKinleyVillagewhichwillhaveviewstothelinebecauseofinadequatescreeningvegetation,buttheimpactwillbelessenedbythedistancefactorofonemile.ThealignmentwillalsointroduceapotentialvisualimpacttoraftersontheNenanaRiver.8-7-38 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8ooTransmissionSegmentLandscapingCharacterTypeCompositeRatingFeatureDescriptionSegment#7-YanertRiverValley8--highaestheticvalue;moderateabsorptioncapabilityP.I.I09beginstheseventhIntertiesegment.DroppingdownfromWindyPasstheIntertietraversestheYanertRivervalley.oThelinescrosstheriveratP.I.IIOwheretheYanertjoinstheNenanaRiver.oAfterfollowingtheeastshoreoftheNenanaforabout2.5miles,theIntertieturnsnortheastandascendsMontanaCreek.FeatureImpactsoooSegment#7endsatP.I.113.Crossingthisvalley,thealignmentisapproximately2mileseastofthehighwayandwillnothavemajorimpacts.RafterswillbepotentiallyimpactedattheYanertRivercrossing.8-7-39 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8TransmissionSegmentLandscapeCharacterTypeCompositeRatingFeature DescriptionoSegment#8-AlaskaRange(SugarLoafMountain)8--highaestheticvalue;moderateabsorptioncapabilityBeginningatP.I.113,theIntertiecorridorrunsthroughtheAlaskaRangeforabout12miles.oThelinesrunuptheMontanaCreekdrainageinanortheasterlydirection.oAtP.I.116thelinesturnbacktothenorthwestanddescendthroughtheMoodyCreekdrainagetoP.I.121.FeatureImpactsooThisrouteeastofSugerLoafMountainwasselectedtoeliminatevisualimpactsinthehighlyscenicNenanaGorgearea.TherearebushpilotsusingtheMoodyandMontanaCreekBasinsaspartoftheirtouraswellasahuntingguideservice.Bothservicesfeelthealignmentwilldisrupttheviewsofhuntersandairplanepassengers.8-7-40 RELATIONSHIPBETWEENPROPOSEDFEATURESANDLANDSCAPERATINGSSTEPS7,8TransmissionSegmentLandscapeCharacterTypeCompositeRatingFeatureDescriptionFeatureImpactsSegment#9-NenanaUplands5--moderateaestheticvalue;moderateabsorptioncapabilityoAftercrossingSugarLoafMountainanddescendingalongtheMoodyCreekdrainage,theNenanaUplandsSegmentbeginsat2000feetinelevation(P.I.121).oCrossingtheHealyCreekBasin,theIntertieterminateswithasubstationnearthetownofHealy(P.I.123).oThelocationoftheHealySubstationneartheAlaskaRailroadandNenanaRailroadwillbehighlyvisible.oHealyresidenceswillalsobevisuallyaffectedbySegment#8,althoughHealyisalreadyvisuallydisruptedbyanexistinggenerationstationanditsassociatedtransmissionfacilities.oNootherresidenceswillbeaffected.8-7-41 PART5"Finally,provideproposedmitigationmeasuresfortheIntertieprojectsfeature(Step9)."Inadditiontothemitigationprogramdiscussedonpp.E.8.47throughE.8.59inChapter8,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplication,specificmitigationmeasuresarecurrentlybeingdevelopedfortheentiretransmissionlinecorridor,includingtheIntertieportionoftheproject.ThesearetentativelyscheduledtobecompletedinNovember,1983andwillbeprovidedtotheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionatthattime.8-7-42 ·-.....~:',:.~.~.Photo1SusitnaRiverLowlandlookingeastnearWillow.~.:,:,;,,,,·r-.;:"~-,.~-:-.-....'-.....-.....~,.~...•...~"<,·~.::,c~:;,,~~~Photo2SusitnaRiverLowlands,MilePost104.3southfromtheSusitnaRiverBridge.IFIGURE21'---..::A:=la:"::.;aP:..::O;:::.w::......:;:Au~thoritY=·:"ulANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapes'6-7-'13~Gilben/Commonw...th Photo3SusitnaRiverLowlands,PetersvilleRoad.Photo4MilePost144.LookingeastupByersCreek.IFIGURE221..--..::A:::Iask=8p~o~w:::..r..:::A:::ut:.:::hori~·t:.z..JvIANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapes~-7-4Lf IFIGURE23Photo5ByersLake,lookingtowardCurryRidge.'-----:A::::la::::.sk=a:..:.P.:::.;ow::.:e::..r::::Au:.::th=o::.:;rit~vIANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapes~-7-~~~Gilbert/Commonwealth "..Photo7RailroadMilePost264.LookinguptheSusitnaRivernorthofGoldGreek.Photo8MilePost170.LookingwestacrosstheChulitnaRivertowardstheAlaskaRange.IFIGURE241---..:::.AI::::8sk=a::.:P..::o,::.w:::.er..:::A:.:ut:.::hori::.:.°t:.wVIANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapest>-1-~{g Photo9MilePost174.LookingeastupHurricaneGulch.Photo10MilePost174.LookingwestdownHurricaneGulch.IFIGURE25'-----:A...;:;18:=S:.:;:k8:.,:.P..:;.;OW:.;,;8;.;,.f;..;;Au::.:;th:.;.:o;:.:;rit:,.wVIANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERT1EExistingLandscapes ,,~~"~~~'0.~~?~tr'-Photo11MilePost179.3.LookingnorthwestacrosstheChulitnaRiver.Photo12MilePost194.3.LookingeastacrossthesouthendofBroadPass.IFIGURE26'---"'A::::;Ia.::.;;k;:;;.;.P:..;:;o.;;;.wer=.;.,;;Au::.:;thOri='tv'-\",jlANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapes~-7-'-l<6 Photo13MilePost194.3.LookingnortheasttowardtheAlaskaRangefromthesouthendofBroadPass.Photo14MilePost198.LookingsouthwesttowardMt.McKinlevfromBroadPass.IFIGURE27'---=A:;::ls::.:::s::;:ks:.:.P.:;ow:.:.;er::..:::;Au::.:;th::,:o:.:.:;ritv:.z..J1ANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapes~-7-t.i'1(;,Gilbert/Commonwealth Photo15MilePost199.eastacrossSummitLakefromBroadPass.Photo16MilePost209.9.LookingeasttowardtheDenaliHighwayjuncturewiththeParksHighway.~-7-5"0IFIGURE28'--.;;;:A::=;lasll=BP"""ow..;:.;,er;:;;;.;..;.Au:;.:;thoritv='~IANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapes Photo17MilePost215.6.LookingeastacrosstheNenanaRiverpriortoenteringWindyPassfromthesouth.Photo18MilePost216.1.LookingnorthupWindyPassintheAlaskaRange.<6-7-51IFIGURE291.-...---'A::::I:as~ka:.:.P..::.ow:.::;a:::..r..:::A::.:ut:.::hO::..:ri.:.l.JtvIANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapes Photo19MilePost224.LookingeastupCarloCreekintheAlaskaRange.Photo20MilePost237.SouthoftheDenaliNationalParkentrancelookingnortheast.'i$~7-52IFIGURE30l.-.-=AIa:::s=ka:.:P...:::o.::.w.:::.r.:::Au::.:t:.:::hori::.:.·tv~1ANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapes Photo21MilePost241.LookingnorthuptheNenanaGorge.Photo22.MilePost242.LookingsouthdownNenanaGorgefromtheDragonflyCreekarea.IFIGURE31'--...::A:::Ia::::sk:::..8P:..::o:;:::w.:,:.ftf.::A;:::ut:=;horitV::.:;":.u1ANCHORAGEFAIRBANKSTRANSMISSIONINTERTIEExistingLandscapes~-7-53 EXISTINGCONDITIONSPHOTODOCUMENTATIONEDAWINC1983 QtSUSITNALOWLANDS2ALASKARANGEga-7--SS 3TALKEETNALOWLANDS4TALKEETNA 5ALASKARAILROAD6NENANAGORGE 7BROADPASS ~.~'h',''-)fi,\r"~,:...~~"'\:'I,~,c"_\,'I~-:nl'"If'-r';~\J',,;(''.'"j'.'r:I/'"/.',!.I\-~(;-'~::!I,,:,Mil'vu~'","',-"(1"",':UJ,k, •c.64nsifJ~1M~'"e;';SIi:\'\'i'-"",':,'\',,,0\~""2,.\..Jel,,~\',I,,',,\','!,)',::'~~\~'j1;S',~\''/'';J\\'~~~(,,0:,"'~;1t~~,:''ciLCJ'in'.,:.,..,,-:~'-')II,0.(7)",c;"-"""\:"~",'',,',.r,'''.'\"",'Il"<\,,'r..'~"~~.JI'-':'::-:'-~'1t_~.•..,:;"..0('\.I;','-/'~:'il,\,\:\"'-'::;':!,l",\,\'Ii'.;"'---;,i,,~,',"~.•,;:""...1\''..\.,:~;:~'l\~''''''''--'::.."......~)ri''1:t,::~(C;~J'-''''.''(~,\..'/~'~\';,.~c"',,fI(;~',S",S'\l/...-#.,,fIlt:Ato",MAP1OF3WILLOWHEALYTRANSMISSIONINTERTIESIGNIFICANTVIEWSSUSITNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECTAESTHETICRESOURCESEDAW19839~L~ILEGENDINTERTIESEGMENTINTERTIECORRIDORSIGNICANTVIEWSVIEWZONESLANDSCAPETYPES'3"',-51 mC/)~c~C/)-..-I:zCo)>::c-<c:0omr-m(')-I:0-(')"U:0oe-m(')-I>men-I::cm-I-('):0menoc:0(')menrmG)mzo ~MAP3OF3WILLOWHEALYTRANSMISSIONINTERTIESIGNIFICANTVIEWSSUSITNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECTAESTHETICRESOURCESEDAW19839'A(..~llLEGENDINTERTIESEGMENTINTERTIECORRIDORSIGNIFICANTVIEWSVIEWZONESLANDSCAPETYPES~-7-~1 EXHIBITE8.AestheticResourcesComment8(p.E-8-61,para.1top.E-8-68,para.3)IndicatethepotentialextentofvisualimpactstotheDenaliNationalParkandDenaliStateParkduetothelocationoftheproposedtransmissionline.Discussthesignificanceoftheseimpactsinrelationtoviewpoints,dis-tances,duration,andnumberofviewers.Indicatehowanyvisualimpactstotheseareaswillbemitigated.ResponseDenaliNationalParkSomeadversevisualimpactswilloccurasaresultoftheproposedtransmis-sionlinerouting.IntheareaeastoftheDenaliNationalParkboundary,nodevelopmenthastakenplace.ThelandscapeisdominatedbyextensivechangesinelevationwithMt.Fellows,SugarloafMountain,Mt.Healy,Pyra-midPeak,andtheYanertForkValleyasoutstandingnaturalfeatures.Anassessmentofvisualimpactsduetotheproposedtransmissionlinedis-tinguishedviewsfromtwodirections:(1)fromtheParksHighwaynortheasttowardsthesouth-facingslopesofMt.Fellows,and(2)fromtheDenaliNationalParkentranceeasttowardsthenorthfacingslopesofMontanaCreek.Itisanticipatedthatchangesinthescenicqualityoftheland-scapewilloccurprimarilyasaresultoftheclearedtransmissionlineright-of-waysincethevisibilityoftheproposedstructureswillbe1essenedwithviewingdistancesexceeding1.6miles.Althoughthe1ineofsightwillbeoccasionallyinterruptedbytopographyorvegetation,theproposedtransmissionlinewillneverthelessbeviewedperiodicallyfromtheParksHighwaynearMilePosts231through236.Inaddition,thenorthern8-8-1 portionofthefacilitywillbevisiblefromvariouspointswithintheparkentrancearea,particularlyattheDenaliRailroadDepot,wheretheproposedtransmissionlineanglesinanortheasterlydirectionacrossMontanaCreekataviewingdistanceof3.3miles.OtherviewpointsintheparkentranceareaincludeRileyCreekCampgroundandtheMckinleyParkStationHotel.Whileviewingdistancestotheproposedtransmissionlinevaryfrom2.7milesatthecampgroundto3.4milesatthehotel,viewswillbepartiallyortotallyobscuredbyexistingvegetationortopography.In1982,recreationalvisitsattheparkwereapproximately322,000withlessthan7percentofthevisitors(21,194)havingarrivedviatheAlaskaRail-road(U.S.DepartmentofInterior,NationalParkService1983.)ThemajorityofthesevisitsoccurredbetweenJuneandSeptember.TheIntertierouteselectionprocessrecognizedtheimportanceofreducingvisualimpactsinthevicinityoftheDenaliNationalParkentrance.There-fore,atransmissionlineroutewasselectedtoshortenthetotalnumberofmilesoftransmissionlinerouteintheareaoppositetheparkentrance;toutilizeasmallpromontorytopartiallyconceal,break,andreducethelengthofthetransmissionlinevisiblefromanyoneviewingpointalongtheParksHighwayorDenaliNationalParkentrance;andtokeepthetransmissionlineasdistantaspossiblefromtheseviewpoints.PlacementoftheSusitnatransmisisonlinewithintheIntertieright-of-waywouldachievethesesameobjectivesandminimizevisualimpactsinthisarea.MitigationofvisualimpactsassociatedwiththeIntertiewilloccurduringthedesignandconstructionphasesoftheproject.Sinceitwasnotedthatright-of-wayclearingrepresentedthemostsignificantvisualeffect,designchangesweremadetoreduceclearingrequiredduringconstruction.Throughrevisingtowerplacement(totakeadvantageofexistingtopography)andincreasingtowerheight(toincreaseconductor-to-groundclearance),clearingintheright-of-waywillbesubstantiallyavoided.Asaresult,8-8-2 theprincipalclearingrequirementsinthevicinityofMt.FellowsandnorthoftheYanertForkwi11occurateachtowerbase(inanareaapproximately20by20feetfortangentstructuresand25by70feetforanglestructures)andatselectedpullerandtensionersitesalongtheright-of-way(inanareaapproximately75by500feetat10,000'footintervals).SimilarmeasuresarepossiblefortheproposedtransmissionlineroutefortheSusitnaproject.DenaliStateParkVisualimpactsoftheproposedtransmissionlineatDenaliStateParkwillnotbesignificantandwilloccurprimarilyfromviewpointsinthenorth-easternportionofthepark.Primaryviewerswi11behikersontheCurryRidgeandIndianPasstrails.CurryandIndianridgeseliminateviewsofthetransmissionlineeastfromtheParksHighwayorByersLakeCampground.Fromthesouthernboundaryofthepark,thetransmissionlinewillbegenerallyobscuredfromviewforapproximately8.5miles,wheretopographyprovidesadequatescreening.However,thetransmissionfacilitieswillbevisibletohikerseastofShermanandnearGoldCreek,wherethelinedropsfromtheTalkeetnaMountainstotheSusitnaRiverlowlands.Viewsoftheseareaswillbedistant(over6.0milesfromCurryRidgetrail)andvisibilitywi11beprimarilyconfinedtothestructuresandconductors,sincetheright-of-wayissituatedabovethetreeline.Additionally,theextentoftheimpactswi11belessenedsomewhatduetothepresenceofhigherback-groundtopography.ViewswithinDenaliStateParkaredominatedbythepresenceoftheAlaskaRangeandMt.McKinley.Viewingdistancestothesefeaturesrangefrom35to40milesalongtheParksHighway,whichbisectstheparknorthtosouth.Viewsarepredominantlynorthwestintheirorientation.Principalviewers8-8-3 ar"efoundalongtheParksHighway.Forexample,over6,900visitorsuti-lizedtheparkin1982(AlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources,DivisionofParks,1983).TheByersLakeCampgroundandhighwayrestareaaretheprincipaldevelopedfacilitiesandhavebeenclassifiedasaClassIRecrea-tionResourceZone,whichistheonlyhighdensityzonedesignatedinthestatepark(AlaskaDeparmentofNaturalResources,DivisionofParks1975).LittlefuturedevelopmentisanticipatedbytheDivisionofParksintheeasternportionofDenaliStateParkexceptforasmallcampgroundproposedinthePark1sMasterPlan.Thecampground,locatednorthofGoldCreekStationwheretherailroadcrossestothewestsideoftheSusitnaRiver,wouldbedirectlyaccessibletobothparkvisitorsandrailroadpassengers(AlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources,DivisionofParks1975).Thepro-posedtransmissionlinewouldbesituatedapproximately1.1milestotheeast,withviewspartiallyinterruptedbyvegetation.ReferencesAlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources,DivisionofParks.DenaliStatePark,AMasterPlan.1975.AlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources,DivisionofParks.DaveStephens.June3,1983.Personalcommunication.UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInterior,NationalParkService.Pingley.June1983.Personalcommunication.8-8-4Ralph EXHIBITE9.LandUseCa-ment1(p.E-9-9,para.2,top.E-9-13,para.2)Describetheexistinglandstatusfortheintertieportionoftheproposedtransmissionlinecorridor.IndicateifTablesE.9.1andE.9.2includedatafortheintertie.Iftheydonot,pleaseincludelandstatus/ownershipinformationfortheintertie.Providefigures(similartoFiguresE.9.4-E.9.6andE.9.10-E.9.12)indicatinglandstatusandlandusedevelopmentmapsfortheintertiesectionoftheproposedtransmissionlinecorridor.Landownershipshouldbeprovidedfortheintertieportionofthetransmis-sionlinecorridorinExhibitG,plates34-37and41-45.ResponseTablesE.9.1andE.9.2inChapter9,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplicationincludelandstatusdataforthoseportionsoftheIntertiecorridorwithintheUSGSTalkeetnaMountainsQuadsC-5,C-6,0-5,and0-6,andtheUSGSHealyQuadA-5.AlthoughtheIntertierouteisnotidentifiedonthemap,FigureE.9.3inChapter9depictslandstatusalongmorethan60milesoftheIntertiecorridor,fromsouthofGoldCreektonorthofCantwell.TheAnchorage-FairbanksIntertieenvironmentalassessement(CommonwealthAssociates,Inc.1982)describeslandstatusandlandusedevelopmentbetweenWillowandHealyalongtheselectedroutefortheSusitnatransmis-sionlines.CurrentlandusealongtheIntertiecorridorisdiscussedonpp.126-131oftheCommonwealthreport;landuseimpactsarediscussedonpp.215-219.AsshowninFigure15oftheCommonwealthreport,landusedevelopmentinthiscorridorconsistsofnumerousscatteredparcelsbetweenTalkeetnaandWillow,andisolatedparcelsandsettlementsalongthehighway9-1-1 orrailroadfromTalkeetnatoHealy.TheIntertierouteavoidsalmostalldevelopedparcelssouthofTalkeetna(althoughmanyarewithintwomiles),aswellasDenaliStateParkandDenaliNationalParkandPreserve.(Super-link65wassubsequentlyrelocatedseveralmilestotakethero~tefurtherawayfromseveralhomesteadsalongtheAlaskaRailroadnearSherman.)Steepterrainpresentedseriousroutingconstraints,particularlyinthenorthernportionofthecorridor.Consequently,theselectedrouteavoids,butpassescloseto,severalsmallcommunitiesfromHurricanetoHealy.SteepterrainbetweenHurricaneandGoldCreek,combinedwiththelocation'ofDenaliStatePark,resultedintheselectionofaroutethatpassesthroughtheIndianRiverlanddisposals.LandstatuswithintheIntertiecorridorisaddressedonpp.132-139and219-220oftheCommonwealthreport.Federallands,whicharegenerallylocatednorthofTalkeetna,consistprimarilyofDenaliNationalParkandPreserve,railroadwithdrawals,andBLMland.Additionally,thestatehasextensivelandholdingswithinthecorridor(includingselections),mostlysouthofBroadPass.Moreover,theMatanuska-SusitnaBoroughhassomelandsinthesouthernportionoftheroute,generallyneartheParksHighwayandPetersvilleRoad.NativelandsandselectionsareconcentratedintheCantwell-BroadPassarea(AhtnaRegion,Inc.)andnearTalkeetna(CookInletRegion,Inc.).Privatelandsaregenerallyconfinedtothesouthernone-thirdofthecorridorsouthofCurry.TheattachedtableoutlinesthelandownershipschedulefortheIntertieportionoftheSusitnatransmissioncorridor.Inaddition,landownershipisprovidedfortheIntertieportionofthetransmissionlinecorridoronrevisedExhibitGplates34-38and41-45,containedintheresponsetoSupplementalComment16,ExhibitG.9-1-2 June 29,1983 Wll low to H~~ly Intertle land Schedule DESCRIPTION: T.19N.,R.4W.,S.M. Section 4:WiNWi;SWi;~ptn ..of W!SW~NWi;Southerly of Road R/W Section 4:Hatcher Pass Road R/W Section 4:lots 3 &4;S~NW~; SWi;Northerly of Road R/W T.20N.,R.4w.,S.M. Section 4 Section 9 Section 16 Section 21 Section 28 Section 33 T.21N.,R.4w.,S.M. Section 4:S~SE~ Sec t ion 9 Section 16 Section 21 Section 28 Section 33 Section 4:NiSE4;S~NE4; Lot 1 &2 T.22N.,R.4w.,S.M. OSTENSIBLE OWNER: Private (Matanuska Electric Association) State of Alaska (DOT-PF) Private (Ethel I.and Wi 11 iam C.Jones) State of Alaska (DNR) State of Alaska (DNR) Private. (Cook In 1et Reg ion,Inc.) Sect ion Section Section Section 4:E! 9:E! 16:N~SH; N-lSWi;SE~ 28:E-l SEi;SH; State of Alaska (DNR) Section 16:Nt;SW4;S!SW~SE~ Section 21 Section 33 T.23N.,R.4W.,S.M. Section 2:Lot 4;SW~NW~; WiSW~ Private (Cook Inlet Region,Inc.) Mat-Su Borough Pri~ate (Norman H.Read) Sec t i en 10: Sec t ion .1 1: Sect ion 15 Section 22: Section 27: Section 33 S~SE4;SEtSWi; NWi;;W!W-tSWi; NWi;SW~ WiWi Stat e of·A1as ka (DNR) ...0 I-I J'J Section 22:Ni;SE~;E!SWl;SW!SWi; Section 34:NWlNWl Private (Cook Inlet Region,Inc.) Priv<ste (Alver.J McClain) PiJge 2 June 29,1983 liJnd Schedule DESCRIPTION: T.2 1m.,R.~'W.,S.M. OSTENSIBLE OWNER: Sect ion Section Sect ion T 1 2:OH;S~'J'W~r~Et.;'W~SEl-;S'W~NE~; SE~NW~;.NE~SW!;EiNW!SW!~SW~NW!SW~; E~SW~excepting Tract 30 ASLS 79~109 . 11:Excc'pting.Trtlcts 30 [,31 of • ASLA 7'j-1 09,USS ~.1363 [,Yoder Road Private (Cook Inlet Region,Inc.) ;") -- Section 1~:NiN'W~excepting Tract 31, ASLS 79-109 Section 2:NiN'W~;S'W!N'W!~N'W~N'W!S'W~; N±NW~NE~. Section 2 [,11:Tract 30,ASLS 79-109 Section 11 [,1~:Tract 31,ASLS 79-109· Section 23 Section 26 Section 35:WiWi T.25N.,R.1;w.,S.M. Section 36 T.25N.,R.3W .•S.M. Section 6 Section 7 Section 30:S~ Section 31 Section 1B Section 19 Section 30:N~ T.26N .•R.3W .•S.M. Section 30:S\.l~;\J:\..'~ln·H Section 31 1.2b1L,R.lj\.l.,S.M. Sect ion 1:E~ Section 12 :Ej Sect ion 13 :E~ S('ct ion 21;:n Sect ion 25:Nu' State of Alaska (DNR) Private (Trude Hightower) Private (~.G.Tomlinson) Mat-Su Borough Private (H~rry J.Crimmin~[, Lawerence R.Schuffman) Private :(CIRI) Private (C IR I) State of Alaska (DNR) Mat-Su Borough Private (C IR I) State of Alaska (DNR) Mat-Su Borough PDgc 3 June 29,1983 Land Schedule OESCRIPTIOI~:- T.27N.,R./IW.,S.M. Sect ion 36 :Excepting A.S.L.S.74-77 & ASLA 74-78 T.2 7tL,~_.3~-.:J2.:..~- Section 5 Section 8 Section 17 Section 19:SE~SEl- Section 20 Section 29:NW~ Sect ion 30· Section 31:Excepting A.S.L.S.74-78 T.2BN.,R.3W.,S.M. Section 5 Sect ion 7:E!SH Section 8 Section 17 Section 13:00 Sec t ion 19 Section 20 Section 29 Section 32 Sect ion 20 Section 29 T.29N.,R.3W.,S.M. OSTENSIBLE OWNER: State of Alaska (ONR) State of Alaska (DNR) State of Alaska (ONR) Mining Claims located by Harold Parker Sect on 3 State of Alaska Sect on "SE};(ONR)0: Sect on 9 Sect on 10:N~NW~;SW~NW~ Sect on 16:NW~ Sect on 17 Sect on 20 Sect on 29 Section 32 T.30N.,R.3\..'.,S.M. ..0, f\ Section 13:E~ Section 24 Section 25 Section 26 Sect ion 34:SU Sec t ion 35:N\,'~;\,'~S.\J:';H\,'~NU S\·,t~;. In 11Et:;N~NH 1.301L,R.2\..'.,S.M. Sect ion 5 Section 6 S('ct ion 7 Sect ion 0 St·c t ion 13 State of Alaska (OUR) U.S.A. (CIRI Selected) Pilge 4 June 29,1983 Lilnd Schedule DESCRIPTION: T.31N.,R.2W.,S.M. OSTENSIBLE OWNER: Section 1 State of Alaska Section 2:SHSE~(DNR) Section 10:SE~Southeasterly of Susitna River Section 11 Section 12 Section 15 Sec t ion 16:excepting USS 4851 Sec t ion 21:excepting USS 4851 USMS 2355 Section 23:W1- Section 32:SE~ Section 33:',./1-;W~NH Section 21:USMS 2355 &Gold Creek Assn.No.2 T.32 N.,R.2W.,S.M. Section 1:Nt;NtS1-excepting USS 4602 &USS 4956;SE~SE~ Section 2:NE~Easterly of ARR excepting USS 4602 Section 12:E1-E1-excepting Lot USS 4956 Section 13:E~E1- Section 24:E~E1- Section 25 Section 36:S!;NW~ Section I &2:Lot 4,USS 4956 Section 1:Lot 2,USS 4602 T.33N.,R.2W.,S.M. Private Mining Claim (Cl ifford Driskell and Bui Iders Mi 1 lwork &Supply) State of Alaska (DNR) Private (Buelah J.Colborn) Private (Estate of 01 iver David Moore) Section 14 Section 23 Section 26 Section 35: USS Easterly of ARR excluding 5515 State of Alaska (DNR) .0, - T.22S.,R.llW.,F.M. Sec t ion 13:Ei Section 23:SH Section 24 Section 26:Ei Section 35 T.22S.,R.lOW.,F.M. Section 6 Section 7 Section 18 State of Alaska (DNR) U•S•A.(BLM ) /", P,ltjC 5 Junc 29,l~d3 L<lnJ Sch~dul~ DESCRIPTION: T.2 1S.,R.1OW.,F.M. OSTENSIBLE OWNER: Sect ion 2 State of Alaska Section 3:E of Parks'Highway (DNR) Section 9 :E of Parks Highway Section 10 Section 16 Section 20:E of Parks Highway Section 21:0 Section 29 Section 30:E of Honolulu Creek and Parks Highway excepting AA6092 Sec t ion 31:E of .Honolulu Creek excepting AA607B,AA7791,AA6092 T.20S.,R.lOW.,F.I'1. Section 24:E of Chulitna River State of Alaska Section 25:E of Chul itna River (DNR) Sec t ion 26:E of Chul itna River Section 35:E of Chu1 itna River T.20S.~.9W.,F.M. Sect ion 4 State of Alaska Sect ion 5:E of Parks Highway (DNR) Section 7:E of Parks Highway Sect ion B U.S.A.(BLM) Section 17 Sect ion 18:Lot s 2,3,4,OW!,0 Section 19 T.19 S.,R.9\~.,F.M• -0, I -1 Sec t ion 12 Section 13 Section 14:E of Alaska Railroad Sec t ion 23 Sect ion 26 Section 27:SE&;E~NE&;SW&NE&;S~SW&; ilHS\.J~ Section 33:SE&i S~NE&;NE&NE& Section 34 Section 33:SW&Southerly of Parks Highway T.13S.,R.8w.,F.M. Section 4 Section 7 Sect ion 8 Section 6:0- Sec t ion 5 Private (AHTNA,INC.) U.S.A. (AHTNA Selected) State of Alaska Private (AHTNA,INC.) State of Alaska (DNR) r,lqe 6 June 29,1983 Ldnd Schedule DESCRIPTION: T.loS.,R.aW.,F.M. Section 13 Sect ion 23 Sect ion 24 Section 25 Section 26 Sect ion 27 Sect ion 33 Section 34 T.18S.,R.7W.,F.M. Sect ion 3:NA F-14372 Section 9:USS 5594 Section 9 &10:F-14360 NA Sec t ion 17 Section 18 OSTENSIBLE OWNER: U.S.A. (AHTNA Selected) U.S.A. (David NickI ie,N/A) Private (Jake Tansy &Estate of Lilly Tansy) U.S .A. (Jack Tansy,N/A) U.S.A. (AHTNA Selected) '- Section Section Sect ion Section 8:South of Parks Highway 9:excepting F-14360 &USS 5594 10:NW~excepting F-14360, USS 5594 &F-14544 3:excepting USS 5594,uss 5590 F-14372,F-14669,F-1555h USS 3229 Private (AHTNA Inc.) T.17S.,R.7W.,F.M. Section I:E of Parks Highway excepting Private USS 4434 (AHTNA,INC.) Sec t ion 12:E of Parks Highway except USS 4322,uss 4434 &NA F-14665 Sec t ion 13:except F-14665 Section 23 Section 24 Section 26 Section 34:Et except F-14372 Section 35 Section 12 &13:m &b,F-14665 U.S .A. (Maggie 01 iver,N/A) Section 34:m &b,F-14372 U.S .A. (David Nick1 ie) T.16 S.,R.7W.,F.M. -D \ I r;;I:J Section 1:E of Nenana River excepting USS 5,76 Lot 2 Section 12:E of Nenana River Section 25:E of Nenana River excepting USS 5597 Section 36:E of Nenana River Section 24:SEk excepting USS 5067 Private (AHTNA,I NC . ) U.S .A. (AHTNA Selected) Page 7 June 29 I 1983 Land Schedule DESCRIPTION:OSTENSJBLE OWNER: T.16S"R.6W.,F.M. Section Sect ion Section Section 6:excepting USS 5576 7 18:E of Nenana River excepting USS 3652 19:E of Nenana River Private (AHTNA,INC.) State of Alaska (DNR) State of Alaska (DNR) State of Alaska (DNR) Private (AHTNA,I Ne .) (BLM) State of Alaska (DNR) U.S .A. U.S.A. (AHTNA Selected) .r:__0_S_:_,__R.•__6.'1.:.2-.J-,-'2.:. Section 5:except F-17779 Section 8 Section 17 :except USS 5604 Section 19 : E of Parks Highway except USS 4040 &5564 Section 30 Sec t ion 31:excepting Lot 2 USS 5576 Sec t ion 4 Section 9 Section 20 T.l~R.6w.,F.M. Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Sec t i on 18 Section 19:E of Nenana River Sect ion 20 Section 29 Section 30:NU;E of Nenana River Section 32 T.14S.,R.7W.,F.M. Section 12 Section 13:E of Nenana River To 13S.~.6W.,F.M. Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 16 Section 17 Section 18 Section 21 Section 23 Section 29 Section 32 Section 33 T.13S.~.7W.,F.M. Section 1 Section 12 ..D I I ..0 ..D -o P,l~lC 8 June 29.1983 L,lnJ SchcJu 1c DESCRIPTION: T.12 S..R.7W.,F.M. Sect ion 27 Section 28:E of Nenana River Section 34 Section 35 Section 36 Section 21:W!NW(,SW(,;W~nNW(.SW,~; SW~SWt. OSTENSIBLE OWNER: State of Alaska (DNR) Privtlte (GVEA) EXHIBITE9.LandUseComment2(p.E-9-13,para.3)Indicatetheexistinglandvaluesfortheprojectarea,transmissionlinecorridor(includingtheIntertie),andadjacentlandstoassistinsubstan-tiatingstatementsinSection3oftheLandUsechapterconcerningchangesinlandvalues.Includeaprojectionoffuturelandvalues.Iflandvaluescannotbepreciselydeterminedfortheprojectareaortransmissionlinecorridor,includesomeindicationorexamplesoftypicallandvaluesforthetypesoflandintheprojectarea.ResponseAsindicatedonp.E-9-13inChapter9,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplica-tion,landvaluedatafortheprojectareaisgenerallyunavailableduetolandstatusanddevelopmentcharacteristics.Marketvaluesapplyonlytostate,borough,Native,orprivatelandsthathavebeen(oraretobe)soldanddeveloped,astatusthatisexhibitedbyonlyasmallportionofthelandintheprojectareaandalongthetransmissioncorridor.Consequently,datafortheareasofinterestaresparse.Completecoverageisnotmain-tainedbypublicagenciesorothersources.Forexample,theassessmentprogramoftheMatanuska-SusitnaBoroughprincipallycoversonlytheWillow-Palmerarea,withadditionaldataforthefewprivateparcelsintheParksHighway/AlaskaRailroadcorridorfromWillowtoSummit(e.g.,theCantwell-BroadPassarea).Thesparsedatacoverage,combinedwithwidevariationsinlandvaluesbasedonlocationandotherfactors,makesitdifficulttodeterminenormalortypicalvaluesforlandsadjacenttopro-jectfacilities.Thevalueoflandsrequiredfortheprojectwillnotbeestablisheduntiltheland-acquisitionprocessoccurs.9-2-1 Intheabsenceofamorecomprehensivedataseries,informationfromthelanddisposalprogramoftheAlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResourceswasassembledtoprovideasampleoflandvaluesneartheprojectareaandthetransmissioncorridor.Dataonsubdivisionandagriculturaldisposalparcelsareusefulassamplevaluesbecausethepurchasepricesfortheselandsareestablishedthroughaformalappraisalprocesspriortodisposal.However,pricesactuallypaidfortheseparcelsareoftenmuchlessthantheappraisalpriceduetolanddiscountsgrantedtoqualifiedAlaskaresidentsofupto50percentfornon-veteransand75percentforveterans.Disposalparcelsareoftentheonlylandsavailableforsaleinremoteareasofthestate.Dataonunitprices,parcelsize,typeofaccess,andotherfactorsarepresentedforelevensubdivisionsandsevenagriculturaldisposalsinTable1.Asshownontheattachedmap,thesedisposalsarelocatedinthegeneralvicinityoftheprojectareaortransmissioncorridor.Inaddition,allwereactivebetween1981and1983.Nonetheless,thissampledoesnotrepresenteverydisposallocatednearprojectfacilitiesnoreverydisposalthatwasactivedu"ringthisperiod.Forexample,thesampledoesnotcovertheareaaroundAnchoragewherepricesforindividuallotsmaybe$75,000ormore.Asindicatedonthemap,theselecteddisposalareasareconcentratedneartheParksHighwayfromTalkeetnatoAnchorageandfromHealytoFairbanks.TheIndianRiverSubdivision,theonlyparcellocatedwithinthegeneralprojectarea,isalsoalongtheParksHighway.Thislocationpatternisindicativeoflow-leveldevelopmentactivitythroughoutthisregionofAlaska.UnitpricesforthesubdivisionsaleslistedinTable1rangefrom$356peracreintheBaldMountainSubdivision,locatedapproximatelyeightmilessoutheastofTalkeetna,to$5,268peracreintheParkridgeSUbdivision,located14mileswestofFairbanks.Thewidedisparityinthevaluesofthesetwodisposalsmaybeexplainedbygenerallocation,sitecharacteris-"tics,andaccess.Forexample,theParkridgeSubdivisionisviewproperty9-2-2 onaridgeadjacenttotheParksHighwayandwithineasycommutingdistanceofFairbanks.Therefore,thispropertywouldattractratherstrongdemandforsuburbandevelopment.Conversely,theBaldMountainareaismoreremovedfromlargeurbanareasandthehighwaycorridor.Currently,thislandmustbeaccessedviaacattrailbyAll-Terrain-Vehicleorsnow-machine.Whilelandpricesfortheotherninesubdivisionsappeartoreflectthepatterndescribedabove,thesampleistoosmallandvariedtoidentifydefinitiverelationships.SamplevaluesneartheHealy-FairbankscorridorareclearlyhighestforthetwodisposalsclosetoFairbanks,howeverper-acrevaluesfordisposa1areasnumber3through7appeartobemoredependentuponparcelsizeandsiteattributesthanuponproximitytoanurbanarea.ThecomparativelyhighervaluesforPuppyHaven,theonlysubdivisioninthesampleinthegeneralvicinityofthesoutherntransmis-sioncorridor,reflectitsproximitytoAnchorageandthegreaterlevelofdevelopmentinthelowerSusitnabasin.Agriculturallandvaluesarelessvariable,asindicatedbythesevenagri-culturaldisposalsinthesample.Forexample,appraisalpricesrangefrom$103peracreatMooseCreek,locatedtwelvemilessouthwestofTalkeetna,to$227peracreforDeltaIsland,locatedfourmilessouthwestofWillow.Ingeneral,landvaluesarehigherforthemoresoutherlydisposalsduetoclimaticandmarketingfactors.Additionally,theproportionofClassIIandIIIsoilsalsoappearstobeamajorpricedeterminant.Areliableprojectionoffuturelandvaluesinareasaffectedbytheprojectcannotbeprovided.LandvalueshaveincreaseddramaticallyinAlaskaduringthepasttentofifteenyears,astheyhaveelsewhereintheUnitedStates.Inadditiontothebroad-basedeconomicforcesunderlyingnationalrealestatetrendsduringthisperiod,therecentAlaskanlandvalue9-2-3 escalationresultedfromrapidpopulationandeconomicgrowthandarestrictedsupplyofland.Asgrowthdeceleratesandstate,borough,andNativecorporationprogramsmakemorelandavailablefordevelopment,landvalueappreciationislikelytotaperofftoanunpredictablelevel.Thisuncertaintywouldbeprominentindevelopinglandvalueprojectionsfortheundevelopedareasaffectedbytheproject,whereasingleevent,suchastheexpansionorcontractionofthestatedisposalprogram,couldhaveasignificanteffectontheamountofavailablelandanditsprice.Giventheseconsiderations,anylandvalueprojectionwouldbemerelyspecula-tion.9-2-4 TABLE1SAMPLELANDVALUEDATASUBDIVISIONSMapAccessNo.ofAve.ParcelAve.ParcelAve.PerDisposalNameNumberCodeParcelsSize(acres)Price($)AcrePrice($)Northridge111811.626,4502,277Parkridge21135.327,7965,268Farmview312123.716,571699NenanaSouth41354.23,497832Anderson535336.922,245603JuneCreek612555.05,000994PCKlguingueCreek731656.05,684953IndiCKlRiver81604.44,362985BaldMountian931734.81,692356SouthBaldMountain1038411.65,955511PuppyHaven11'31338.841,5301,069AGRICULTURALDISPOSALSPercentinMapAccessNo.ofClassII/IIIAve.PerDisposalNameNumberCodeParcelsAcresSoilsAcrePrice($)TwoMileLake121173,10174136BrownIsCourt13191,77596134MooseCreek142466760103GooseCreek*153116042105DeltaIsland163490679227NancyLake171220065136LittleSusitna182356073152*Crossedbyprojecttransmissionline.AccessCode:1-Adjacentto(withinoneortwomiles)theParksHighway2 -Servedbymajorexistingorplannedsecondaryroad3 -NotaccessedbymainroadSource:AlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources,DivisionofLandandWaterManagement.MaterialspreparedforStateLandDisposalBrochuresfar1981-1983period. PLATEG4TRANSMISSIONLINEINDEXMAPEXHIBITGDNRDISPOSALLANDVALUESAMPLEDI-__AL-::-:AS=KA..,..-c-:~~~·-::-:A:::UT-:-H-:O-:-R__ITY:-::--SUSITHAHYOROELECTRICPROJECTI~.~,.,....;...'....'....o%040IIILESSCALE~f~~5i;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!'(JINCH•%0WILES) EXHIBITE9.LandUseCa-ment3(p.E-9-27,para.3top.E-9-29,para.6)Describeexistinglandusemanagementplansfortheproposedtransmissionlinecorridor,includingtheintertie.ResponseExist ing1andusemanagementplansforthetransmission1inecorridor,in-eludingtheIntertieportion,aregenerallydescribedinExhibitE,Chapter9,Section2.3ofthelicenseApplication.Landusejurisdictionissum-marizedbelowforthevarioussegmentsoftheSusitnatransmissioncorridor.CorridorSegmentHealy-FairbanksWillow-HealyJurisdictionFairbanks-NorthStarBorough;AlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources;U.S.DepartmentofDefense,NationalParkService,andBureauofLandManage-ment;AhtnaRegion,Inc.Matanuska-SusitnaBorough;AlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources;U.S.NationalParkServiceandBureauofLandManagement;AhtnaRegion,Inc.andCookInletRegion,Inc.9-3-1 CorridorSegmentWatana-GoldCreekWillow-AnchorageJurisdictionMatanuska-SusitnaBorough;A1askaDepartmentofNaturalResources;CookInletRegion,Inc.Matanuska-SusitnaBorough;MunicipalityofAnchorage;AlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResources;U.S.DepartmentofDefenseThefollowingdiscussionprovidesadditionalinformationontheplanning.activitiesinthejurisdictionsoutlinedabove.IntheHealy-Fairbankscorridorarea,theA1askaDepartmentofNatura1ResourcesisdevelopingaTananaAreaPlan.Currentlyonlybaselineinfor-mationhasbeenprepared;nopoliciesordraftplanshavebeenpublished.Inaddition,theFairbanks-NorthStarBoroughispreparingacomprehensiveplanwhichcoversapproximately25milesofthenortheasternportionofthissegment.Furthermore,theDepartmentofNaturalResourceshasanon-goingandactivedisposalprograminthisregion.FormalplanningactivitiesforAhtnaRegion,Inc.landshavenotbegun.NationalParkServiceandBLMactivitiesaredescribedinChapter9ofExhibitE.BecausetheHealy-Fairbanksrouteavoidsdefenseinstallations,thecorridorwouldhavenoimpactonplansfordefensefacilitiesinthisarea.TheplanningactivitiesoffederalagenciesandNativecorporationswithintheIntertiecorridorandtheWatana-GoldCreekcorridorarediscussedinChapter9ofExhibitE.WhiletheplanningeffortsoftheMat-SuBoroughwerealsodescribedinChapter9,itshouldbenotedthatadraftoftheBoroughs'newcomprehensiveplanwasreleasedinMarch,1983.Thisplan,however,focusesonthemoredevelopedareasoftheBoroughandisdirectly9-3-2 directlyapplicabletoonlyabout30milesoftheIntertiecorridornorthofWillow.ThecreationandregulationoftheTalkeetnaMountainsSpecialUseDistrict(seep.E-9-29inChapter9)continuestorepresentthemostsignificantBoroughplanningactivitywithreferencetothetransmissionlineintheseareas.Seepp.E-9-28,E-9-29,andE-9-54,inChapter9foradiscussionoftheAlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResourcesplanningactivi-ties.OnlyaverysmallportionoftheWillow-AnchoragetransmissionlinecorridorwouldbelocatedwithintheMunicipalityofAnchorage.Themunicipalityhasbothacurrentcomprehensiveplanandadraftutilitycorridorplan(Munici-palityofAnchorage1982),Thelatterplandoesnotidentifycorridorswithinwhichfuturetransmissionlineswouldbelocated.MostofthetransmissionlinesontheeastsideofKnikArmwouldbelocatedonfederalmilitaryreservationlandsunderthejurisdictionoftheU.S.AirForce(ElmendorfAirForceBase)andtheU.S.Army(FortRichardson).Masterplanningprogramsexistforbothofthesefacilities.ThelandusemanagmentplansmentionedaboveandthoselistedinChapter9ofExhibitEhavebeenconsultedwithregardtotheplanningimplicationsoftheproposedtransmissionline.Additionalandmoredetailedstudiesofplanningactivitiesandtheirrelationshipstothetransmissionlinewilloccurduringthecontinuingtransmissionstudies.Identifiedplanningcon-cernswillbefullydocumentedwhenthesestudiesconcludeinlate1983.9-3-3 EXHIBITE9.LandUseComment4(p.E-9-31,para.2,top.E-9-52,para.2)Estimateimpactstolandvalueswithinandadjacenttotheprojectareaandtransmissionlinecorridor.ResponseImpactstoland·valueswithinandadjacenttotheprojectareaandthetransmissionlinecorridorcannotbeestimatedwithprecisionorcertainty,duetothefactorsdiscussedintheresponsetoItem4.Asstatedonp.E-9-31inChapter9,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplication,landvalueswilltendtoincreaseasaresultofproject-relatedactivities,particu-larlyforpropertieslocatedalongtheDenaliandParkshighways.However,giventhesmallbaseofcurrentlyavailableland,theprimarydeterminantofchangesinlandvalueswillbeinthesupplyresponsesoflandowners.Forexample,ifrelativelylittleadditionallandismadeavailabletoaccommo-dateproject-induceddevelopment,landvalueincreasescouldpotentiallybesignificantinareaswheresuchdevelopmentisconcentrated.Conversely,muchoftheimpetusforlandvalueappreciationwouldbedissipatedifpublicandprivatelandownersrespondedtotheprojectbygreatlyincreasingthesupplyofdevelopableland.Duetothetransitionalstateofthelandselectionandmanagementprocessesintheprojectarea,itisnotpossibletoaccuratelyprojecttheseresponsesatthistime.9-4-1 EXHIBITE9.LandUseComment5(p.E-9-31~para.2~top.E-9-52~para.2)Indicatehowproposedlanduseswithinandadjacenttotheprojectareaandalongtheentiretransmissionlinecorridorwillaffectexistingwetlandandfloodplainareas.ResponseWetlandsandproject-relatedeffectsonwetlandsarediscussedindetail.inChapter3,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplication.Forexample,existingwet-landareasandwetlandimpactsaredescribedonpp.E-3-220throughE-3-224andonpp.E-3-245andE-3-246,respectively.Thesediscussionsaresupportedbythequantificationofvegetationimpactsonpp.E-3-225throughE-3-244and byTablesE.3.77throughE.3.86andFiguresE.3.38throughE.3.73.TheresponsestoComments7and12ontheBotanicalResourcesSectionofChapter3shou1dalsobeexaminedforcorrectionsand additionstowetlandimpacts.Thesematerialsindicatetheextentofwetlandareasthatwouldbeoccupiedordisturbedbyprojectfaci1itiesorinundatedbytheimpoundments.Inaddition,theyalsodescribetheindirecteffectsonwetlandsresultingfromprojectdevelopment.Thewetlandsdiscussiononpp.E-9-21throughE-9-25inChapter9iskeyedtothemoreextensivedescriptionandanalysesinChapter3.Project-relatedeffectsonfloodplainareaswerenotdescribedindetailinExhibitEoftheLicenseApplication,duetothelackofcomprehensivedatafromwhichtoidentifyfloodplainareas.Ingeneral,floodplaineffectswillconsistofdirecteffectsresultingfromprojectactivitieswithinfloodplainareas,andindirecteffectsresultingfromchangedflowregimesorlanduseactivitypatterns.Withtheexceptionofthedams,project9-5-1 facilitieswillbesitedoutoffloodplainswhereverpossible.Nonetheless,somecrossingoffloodplainsbytheaccessroadandtransmissionlineswillbeunavoidable.Ingeneral,thedirectandindirecteffectsonfloodplainresources(suchasvegetation,wildlife,hydrology,andaesthetics)aredescribedinChapters2and3ofExhibitE,orcanbeinferredfromtherelevantresourcediscussions.Forexample,theeffectofalteredriverflowsonfloodplainvegetationdownstreamfromtheprojectisidentifiedonp.E-3-249inChapter3.Fromalanduseperspective,directfloodplaineffectswi11beminorduetothegenerallylow1eve1ofdevelopmentandactivityintheprojectareaandalongthetransmissionlinecorridor.However,theflowregulationandfloodprotectionresultingfromtheprojectcouldindirectlycontributetolandusedevelopmentinfloodplainareasdownstreamfromDevilCanyon,suchasintheTalkeetnaarea.9-5-2 EXHIBITE9.LandUseComment6(p.E-9-49,para.'3,top.E-9-51,para.4)Estimateinducedlandusechanges(developmentandactivity)fortheinter-tiesectionofthetransmissionlinecorridor.ResponseExistinglanduseandlanduseimpactsfortheAnchorage-FairbanksIntertiearedescribedintheIntertieenvironmentalassessement(CommonwealthAsso-ciates,Inc.1982).TheIntertieportionoftheSusitnatransmissionlinecorridorwi11affectthesameareasanalyzedintheCommonwealthreport.TheincrementalinducedlandusechangesattributabletotheSusitnatransmissionlineswillbenegligible.Anyinducedlandusechangeslikelytoresultfromincreasedaccess(suchaspossibleeffectsonfurtherresi-dent ia1deve1opmentalongtheFishhook-Wi11owRoadandnearChase,Go1dCreek,Cantwell,IndianRiver,andHealy)wouldresultfromtheconstructionandmaintenanceoftheIntertieandwouldoccurwithorwithouttheSusitnaproject.9-6-1 EXHIBITE9.LandUseCa-ment7(p.E-9-50,para.1)Ind1cateifthereareanyotherproposedagriculturalsalesalongtheentiretransmissionlinecorridorotherthanthePointMacKenzieagriculturalsale.ResponseThefollowinglistidentifiesotherproposedagriculturalsalesalongthetransmissionlinecorridorinadditiontothePointMacKenzieagriculturalsale:WillowtoAnchorageTransmissionCorridor1)FishCreekManagementUnit--locatedbetweenthePointMacKenziepro-jectandRedShirtLake.Agriculturalsaleswillbeginwithinthenexttwoyears.TheproposedtransmissioncorridorcrossesapproximatelyelevenmilesoftheFishCreekunit.Planningforthisunitiscur-rentlytakingplace.Therefore,theextentofagriculturalsalesisunknown.2)DeltaIslandsagriculturaldisposal--locatedapproximatelyfivemilessouthwestofWillow.Theareaiscurrentlyopenforagriculturalsales.TheproposedtransmissioncorridorismorethanonemilefromtheDeltaIslandsdisposalarea.9-7-1 WillowtoHealyTransmissionCorridor1)GooseCreekAgriculturaldisposal--160-acreparcel(currentlyopenforsale)locatedapproximatelyseventeenmilessoutheastofTalkeetna,northofGooseCreekandeastofEmi1Lake.TheIntertieeasementoccupiesthewesternportionoftheparcel,runningone-halfmileinlengthand400feetinwidth.HealytoFairbanksTransmissionCorridor1)Healyagriculturaldisposal--beginsapproximatelysevenmilesnorth-westofHealyandextendsnorthwardforsixmilesbetweentheParksHighwayandtheNenanaRiver.AgriculturalsaleswillbegininFiscalYear1985.TheproposedtransmissioncorridorcrossessixmilesoftheHealydisposal.2)Windyagriculturaldisposal--locatedsouthoftheClearMissileEarlyWarningStation.AgriculturalsaleswillbegininFiscalYear1985.TheproposedtransmissioncorridorcrossesapproximatelythreemilesoftheWindydisposal.3)Brown'sCourtagriculturaldisposal--locatedtenmilessouthofAndersonandthirtymilesnorthofHealy.Agriculturalsaleswereofferedin1983.Thetransmissioncorridorpassesapproximatelyone-'halfmilefromthesoutheasterncorneroftheparcel.4)Goldstreamagriculturaldisposal--locatedwestoftheBonanzaCreekExperimentalForest.TheagriculturalsaleisplannedforFiscalYear1984.Theprosposedtransmissioncorridoreithercrossesorisadjacenttoapproximately3.5milesoftheGoldstreamdisposal.9-7-2 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment1(p.E-IO-6,para.5)ProvidethebasisfordeterminingtheIIcut-offpointsllforratingthe16sitesand andadescriptionofhowpartialandtotalscoreswereintegratedtoyieldselections.ResponseCut-offpointswereestab1ished'at134fortota1scoresand100pointsforpartia1scoresinordertose1ect10ofthe16sitesformoredetai1eddevelopmentandcostestimates.The10siteswereselectedonthebasisoftotalscores(whichincludedeightcriteria).Partialscores(whichinclud-ed4ofthe8criteria)wereusedonlytovalidatethesitesselectedbyusingthetotalscores.11AcresAmerican,Inc.AppendixC.December1981.10-1-1DevelopmentSelectionReport, EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment2(p.E-IO-7)Describewhat,ifany,geologicconstraintswereanalyzedinassessingthealternativedamsiteimpacts.ResponseNogeologicconstraintswereanalyzedinassessingtheSnowandKeetnahydroelectricsitesbecauselittlegeologicinformationisavailable.AtSnowRiver,alimitedgeologicreconnaissancewasconductedofthesite.Thesiteisinadeep,narrow,incisedgorgeinbedrockcomposedofgrey-i'iackeandslate(U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,1980).Geologicconditionsappeartobefavorablebasedonthelimitedfieldreconnaissance.AttheChakachamnahydroelectricsite,aninterimfeasibilitystudyhasbeencompletedwhichincludedanassessmentofthegeologicconstraintswhichcouldimpactthesite(Bechtel,1983).Thepotentialconstraintsincluded,thefo11owing:(1)thoseassociatedwiththephysicallayoutofthecivilstructures(LakeTapping,tunnelalignment/rockconditions,andtheundergroundpowerhousesite);and(2)thoseassociatedwiththenaturalphenomenaoccurringwithinandadjacenttotheprojectarea(glacials,volcanic,andseismicactivity).Thegeologicconstraintsassociatedwiththesitingofthecivilstructuresisadirectconsequenceofthelevelofinvestigationsassociatedwithaninterimfeasibilitystageprogram.Thesitingstodatearebasedonno10-2-1 subsurfaceexplorationandverylittlegeologicmapping.Itwasbelievedthatsuitabletunnelingconditions\'/ouldbeencounteredbuttherewasapotentialforhighpressuregroundwaterconditionsandhighin-siterockstresses.DuetotheproximityoftheLakeClark-Castlemountainfaulttotheundergroundpowerhouseitwassuggestedthatthestructurebemovedupstreamawayfromthefaultzone(seeattachedFigure1).Inonealterna-tive,theconstructionofamajordamwasproposedinChakachatnaCanyon.Thefoundationconditionsonthenorthabutmentconsistsofacomplexsequenceoflavaflows,pyroclastics,volcaniclastics,outwash,andfill.Itwassuggestedthatconstructionofadamacrossthecanyonwaslikelytoproveinfeasible.GlaciersBarrierGlacieristheglacierthatcontainsChakachamnaLakeandcontrolsitswaterlevel.ItwasperceivedthatifhydroelectricdevelopmentresultsintheloweringofthelakeleveltheglaciermayadvancetowardsandblocktheChakachatmaRiver.Asubsequentriseinthelakelevelcouldyieldconditionsconducivetoanoutburstfloodfromthelake.Asaconsequence,theloweringoftheChakachamnaLakelevelcouldcausethestreamchannelsw.hichdrainadjacentlakestoincise'theirchannels,therebyloweringthelevelsoftheupstreamlakesovertime.IntheremotepossibilityBlockadeGlacieradvancedtowardstheMcArthurRiverandcausedtheriverbedtoaggradedownstream,thetailwaterlevelatthepowerplantsitecouldrise.Theextremeconsequencewouldbeblockageofthechannelcausingfloodingofthepowerhouse.Thereportstatesthat/nodramaticchangesofthesetwoglaciersisanticipatedintheforeseeablefuture.VolcanicActivityTheeruptionofMt.Spurrhasoccurredasrecentlyas1953.Theprobabilityofamajoreventoccuringissmallbutitisariskthatwouldbeassociated10-2-2 withdevelopmentoftheproject.Aneruptionsimilartothe1953eventwouldprobablyhavelittleeffectontheabilityofthepowerfacilitiestocontinueinoperation,butitcouldputthedownstreamfishpassagefacilityoutofservice.Theeruptioncouldtr.iggeramudslidethatcoulddamChakachatnaRiverthusfloodingthefacility.AcatastrophiceventsimilartoMt.St.Helens,ifdirectedtowardstheoutletandintakestructures,couldtriggeramassivemudflowwhichcouldburytheupstreamanddownstreamfishpassagefacilityandthepowerintake.Inaddition,theheatgeneratedbythepyroclasticashflowscouldmeltthelowerpartsofBarrierGlacierthusaffectingtheglacier'sabilitytocontainChakachamnaLake.SeismicActivityThepotentialseismicsourcesthat"mayaffectthesitearethesubductionzoneandtheLakeClark-CastleMountainfault.TheLakeClark-CastleMountainfaultcrossesMcArthurCanyonnearthelocationoftheproposed-powerhouse(Figure1).Itisconsideredtobecapab1eofcausinga1argeearthquakewithsignificantdisplacementduringthelifeoftheproject.Thereforetheproposedpowerhouselocationshouldbeshiftedsomedistancefromthefaultwheretherockqualityimproves.Thestructurecanbedesignedtowithstandthegroundmotionbutitisnotpossibletodesignagainstanysignificantdisplacementwithinthestructure.FourfaultsorlineamentswereidentifiedintheChakachatnaValleyofwhichonetrendstowardtheproposedpowerintakestructure.Furtherinvestigationofthesepotentialfaultswillbenecessary.REFERENCESBechtel,CivilandMinerals,Inc.1983.ChakachamnaHydroelectricProjectInterimFeasibi1ityAssessmentReport.PreparedfortheA1askaPowerAuthority.U.S.DepartmentofEnergy.1980.HydroelectricAlternativesfortheAlaskaRailbelt.PreparedfortheAlaskaPowerAdministration,Juneau.10-2-3 NI.,IIII,A'l.()\i~.~~.l.!~,iJI.l::;I!t4.V7.,.1'1•\"'J-~\~,t.\..!lpItr•",flco,..r"..,./~.."II·1I.l'Et;~H~~'l~0!!Nc:a:ZI •-lllo..-:j.I.c.-e:(~1:•Llu>i~!Ilu.~~~~~~i~IiI.".~<1:~~~Q;:;~ll.c~i~tLII9~I~~~"In~g.2II~Ca:()~1lI~~g~3a01§~i-+--.~r~c!~~011:~-d:w!~<x::(J~~<~-J'It~~~-~<1::)~,..i·~~t:Jl.0~~or-r<)~hJ~.:iI0cnU0~I)?Il<1:~~as.~~fj\I\;l..J~•~:~,::sAi<1:u0UJ-;...-..'...._---,.............._."......-..-_.........._...__.....................-~...!:~~J'--.../ EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergyResourcesComment4(p.E-IO-ll,para.5)Provideabriefdescriptionofwhatisconsidered"typicalscenicquality"fortheSnowSiteregion.ResponseTheSnowsiteissituatedinanenvironmentalsettingthatistypicalofAlaska'sKenaiPeninsularegion.ThesiteitselfislocatedontheSnowRiver,oneofthepeninsula'smajorriverdrainagecourses.TheSnowRiveroriginatesinthelargeglacialicefieldsintheKenaiMountainsimmediatelynortheastoftheSnowsite.Thismountainrangeischaracterizedbysteepmountainpeakswithsharplydefinedridges,angularsteep-sidedcrests,andconspicuousboulderoutcrops.TheSnowsiteregionisvisuallydominatedbythesesnow-cappedpeaks.Threeprominentpeaks(whichriseto4,000feetorhigherinelevation)surroundtheSnowsitelocation.Snowandicefieldscoverapproximately25percentofthisregion,dominatingthehighereleva-tionsyear-round.llSteepslopes,elevation,andclimaticconditionsgreatlyinfluencethevegetationcharacterizingtheSnowsiteregion.Slopesabove4,000feetinelevationaretypicallybarrenrockandtalussurfaceswiththetimberlinevaryingbetween1,000and1,500feetinelevation.Alpinevegetationandsubalpineherbaceousmeadowsdominateslopesabovethetreeline,whilemixed11U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,ForestService.May1979.VisualCharacterTypes.Juneau,Alaska.10-4-1 coniferanddeciduousspeciescomprisemuchofthedenselyforestedareasbelow.Theglacially-carvedvalleys,rugged,snow-cappedmountainridges,andvarietyofvegetationcharacterizingtheSnowsiteareacreateapoten-tiallyhighlyvaluedvisualexperiencetotheviewers.10-4-2 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment5(2.E-IO-ll,para.52throughp.E-I0-12,para.10)ProvideabriefdescriptionofthesocioeconomicenvironmentoftheSnowandKeetnasites.ResponseA.SnowSiteAsshownontheattachedmap,theSnowsiteislocatedintheKenaiPenin-sulaBoroughapproximatelyhalfwaybetweenSewardandMoosePass.Sewardisthelargestnearbypopulationcenter,followedbyMoosePassandseveralsmallercommunitiesincludingPrimrose,Lawing,andLakeview.Seward,ahomerulecity,hadanestimated1982populationof1,828(1982KenaiPeninsulaBoroughSpecialCensus).Commericalfishingandseafoodprocessingcontributesignificantlytotheincomeofarearesidents.Othermajorsourcesofemploymentincludestateandlocalgovernment,serviceindustries,andretailtradeestablishments.Whiletimberharvestingandprocessingwerelargesourcesofemploymenthistorically,thelackofforestedlandsavailableforharvestandlowdemandfortimberhassignificantlycurtailedemploymentinthisindustry.Abouttwo-thirdsofthehousingunitsinSewardweresingle-familyhomesin1982(1982KenaiPeninsulaBoroughSpecialCensus)andalargenumberofhousingunitswererentals.In1980,ofthefiveprincipalcommunitiesintheKenaiPeninsulaBorough,Sewardhadthehighestproportionofrentalunitsi.e.,45.4percent(U.S.BureauoftheCensus,1980).10-5-1 LawenforcementisprovidedbytheSewardPoliceDepartment;whilefirepro-tectionistheresponsibilityofalocalfiredepartment.MedicalservicesareprovidedbySewardGeneralHospital,atwo-doctormedicaloffice,achiropractor,amentalhealthclinic,andanursinghome.Waterisprovidedbythecity;wastewaterdisposalisviathecitysewersystem.Educationfacilitiesincludeoneelementaryschool,onehighschool,andabranchoftheKenaiCommunityCollegeandavocationaltrainingcenter.The1982enrollmentsattheelementaryandhighschoolswere311and161,respectively.SewardisthesouthernterminusoftheAlaskaRailroad.Additionally,itisconnectedtoAnchoragebytheSeward-Anchoragestatehighway,andisservedbytheAlaskaferrysystem.Thepopu1ationofMoosePassis315(1982KenaiPeninsu1aBoroughSpecia1Census).Thefederalgovernmentisamajorsourceofemploymentforresi-dentsofthisarea,sincemanyresidentsworkfortheAlaskaRailroadandtheU.S.ForestService.Additionally,someresidentsoftheareacommutetoworkinSewardandothernearbyemploymentcenters.Housingconsistsprimarilyofowner-built,single-familystructures.Policeprotectionisprovidedbyaresidentstatetrooper,whilefireprotectionistheresponsibilityofavolunteerfiredepartment.ThenearestmedicalservicesareatSeward.Thereisoneelementaryschoo1(grades1-8)inMoosePasswithatotalenrollmentof30children.Waterisobtainedfromwells,andwastewaterisdisposedinindividualseptictanks.Groundtrans-portationtoandfromMoosePass,whichisprincipallyviatheSeward-AnchorageandSterlinghighways,isvariable,dependingontheweather.TherearenopublicairfieldsincloseproximitytoMoosePass.10-5-2 TheKenaiPeninsulaBoroughandtheCityofAnchoragewouldcontributesignificantlytotheworkforcefortheproject.Theworkforceintheboroughwasestimatedat12,300,witha9.8percentunemploymentratein1981.DuringthesameyearAnchoragehadanestimatedworkforceof91,671anda6.9percentunemploymentrate(Bechtel1981).B.KeetnaSiteTheKeetnasite(asshownintheattachedmap)islocatedontheTalkeetnaRiverinasparselypopulatedareaoftheMat-SuBorough.Theonlycom-munityinthevicinityofthesiteisTalkeetna,witha1981populationofapproximately640.ThecommunityofTrapperCreek,population225,islocatedapproximatelysixtyroadmileswestofTalkeetnaandtheSusitnaRiver.NorthofTalkeetna,thereareanumberofsmallcabinsthatarenotaccessiblebyroad.Majorsourcesofincomeintheareaaregenerallyassociatedwithtourismandrecreation,includingretailsalesandguidingbusinesses.Otherlargeemployersincludepublicschools,theAlaskaRail-road,andtheFederalAviationAssociation(AlaskaPowerAuthority1983).Almostallhousingintheareaconsistsofsinglefamilydwellings.ThereisoneelementaryschoollocatedinTalkeetna(1981enrollmentof65)andonejunior-seniorhighschool(1981enrollmentof122)approximately30milessouth.PoliceprotectionisprovidedbytheAlaskaStateTroopersattheTrapperCreeksubstation.(Therearecurrentlythreeofficersassignedtothesubstation.)TalkeetnasupportsafireserviceareaandrecentlypurchasednewequipmentfortheTalkeetnafirehouse.MedicalcareisprovidedbytheValleyhospitalinPalmer,privatedoctorsinthesouthernpartoftheMat-SuBorough,andfacilitiesinAnchorageandFairbanks.ThereisanambulancelocatedattheTalkeetnafirehouseandvolunteerEmergencyMedicalTrainees(EMTs)livinginthevicinity.Waterandsewageareprovidedbyindependentwellsandseptictanks.ThemajortransportationroutestotheareaincludeaspuroftheParksHighway,whichendsatTalkeetna,andtheAlaskaRailroad.(AlaskaPowerAuthority1983.)10-5-3 ThesouthernportionoftheMat-SuBoroughandthemetropolitanareasofAnchorageandFairbankswouldcontributetotheworkforceoftheproject.In1981,theworkforceandunemp1oymentrateintheMat-SuBoroughwere9,362and12.8percent,respectively(AlaskaDepartmentofLabor1983),com-paredtoAnchoragewhichhadaworkforceof91,671and6.9percentunem-ploymentinthesameyear(Bechtel1981),andFairbankswhichhada1981workforceof20,813andanunemploymentrateof12.1percent(AlaskaDepartmentofLabor1983).10-5-4 10-5-5-',UPPERIl.AKEiGEORGE-"IC'~if?IUQOr"-<{IIV;>-C'fiyI-<{/1-~r~_CHUGACHNATIONALFOREST\fPROPOSEDDtMSITEPRIMROSESNOWDAMSITE\f,SEWARD;----------,I505•15E:3';;?J::::'*(.;_;;;i:'.""'--:::oJ;;:I:'fr,;"SCALEINMILESI-----SNOWSITE\CHUGACHSTATEPARK"\"\\\IITOPALM~R0.COOPERLANDINGCHUGACHIIII\-\\.........'f."~<".s'\,,')\~I'\9z.~I'\~./"""..............-././,-./I././I,/./I~KENAIFJORDSI\NATIONALPARK\I\I\ILOCATIONMAP:KENAINATIONALWILDLIFEREFUGE[}COOKINLETTOSTERLING 15~/0-5 -~505--jaM.:;.j:&%B¢1il(c=:' _J:__.i;SCALEINMILESI\fPROPOSEDDAMSITEITOFAIRBANKS,----CHUGACH<STATE, ."'-PARK-.""'-I"..)oANCHORAGE...\('"\I'IvLOCATIONMAP:i<EETNAISITETRAPPERCREEKCOOKINLETP•MOUNrMcKINL£Y,,)rIDENALINATIONALPARKANDPRESERVE EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocation~,Designs,andEnergyResourcesComment6(p.E-10-12,para.10)ProvideabriefdescriptionoftheidentifiedlandusesfortheKeetnasite.ResponseIdentifiedlandusesintheareaoftheKeetnasite(seeattachedmap)arecharacterizedbydispersed,low-intensityrecreationalandsubsistenceactivitiestypicalofremoteareasinthisregionofAlaska.TheclosestlanddevelopmentconsistsofseveralhomesteadsatLarsonLake,approxi-mately13milessouthwestofthesite(seep.E-9-20inChapter9,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplication).Boatingandoff-roaddrivingactivitiesneartheKeetnasitearedelineatedinFigureE.7.4inChapter7;fishingandboatingareindicatedactivitiesfurtherupstream.Asdescribedonp.E-7-22inChapter7,approximatelyfourtosixboatingpartiesareairliftedintoStephanLakeeachyear.Inthesiteevaluationprocess(seeTablesE.10.6andE.10.7inChapter10),theKeetnaareawasratedashavingmoderaterecreationalsensitivity(primarilyduetoexistingandpotentialboatingactivity),andlowagricultural,wilderness,andrestrictedlandusesensitivities.10-6-1 ID-b-2.50515E~d~·-~~}~p~ttS;~L~4c;.."~w*'!!!!i~em!SCALEINMILESI\fPROPOSEDDAMSITEI.----TOFAIRBANKSCHUGACH<STATEI.'"PARK...."'"i'..;oANCHORAGEA\('"\I"LOCATIONMAP:KEETNAISITETRAPPERCREEKCOOKINLETP...MOUNTMcKINL£YI,.-rIDENALINATIONALPARKANDPRESERVE EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment7(p.E-IO-13,para.1)Provideestimatesoftheacreageofvegetationthatwouldbelostbycon-structionoftheChakachamna,Snow,andKeetnasites.ResponseTheChakachamnaprojectinvolvesalaketapratherthanareservoirand,thus,willaffectrelatively.littlevegetation.However,theoperatingrangeofthelakewillbemodified.Thelakeoutletwillberaisedbyabout27feet(8m)andtheoperatingmaximumlevelwillbethesameasthehistoricalmaximumlevel,whiletheoperatingminimumlevelwi11belessthanthenaturalminimum.Morefrequentindundation(thanundernatura1conditions)andshorelinedestabilizationmayeffectsmallareasofshore-linevegetation,buttheanticipatedchangescannotbe"refined"untilsite-specific,fieldverified,habitatmapshavebeenpreparedandtheoperatingreservoirlevelsbetterdefined.(BechtelCivil&Minerals,Inc.1983.ChakachamnaHydroelectricProject,InterimFeasibilityAssessmentReport.VolumeI,Section7.PreparedforAlaskaPowerAuthority.)TheSnowsandKeetnaProjectshavebeenstudiedonlyataverypreliminaryreconnaissancelevel.Basedonthesedata,theSnowProjectwouldhaveareservoirareaofabout2,600acres.About2,000acresofthisareaispresentlyvegetated.Simi1arly,theKeetnaprojectwou1dhaveareservoirareaofabout4,800acres,includingabout4,100acresofvegetatedarea.10-7-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment8(p.E-IO-23,para.6)Provideacomparisonofsocioeconomicfactors(e.g.,housing,transporta-tion,communityattitudes)inthecomparisonofalternativeplans.ResponseBecausethealternativehydroelectricplans(discussedinExhibitE,Chapter10,Section1.3oftheLicenseApplication)arealllocatedwithintheMiddleSusitnaBasinandbecauseaconstructioncampwouldbeprovidedtoaccommodateprojectworkers,communitiesintheprojectareaareexpectedtobesimilarlyaffectedbyanyoneofthealternatives,assumingthatworkforcerequirements,projectschedule,andlocalpurchasesarecomparableforeachalternative.10-8-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment9(p.£-10-24,para.3ff)Indicatewhatweightingwasassignedtoeconomic,environmental,andsocialattributes.ResponseThecomparisonofalternativebasindevelopmentplansdescribedinChapter10,Section1.3.5ofthelicenseapplicationconsideredeconomic,environ-mental,andsocialattributes.Specificweightswerenotassignedtothefactors;rather,theywereconsideredtobegenerallyequal.Apairedcomparisontechniquewasusedwhichevaluatedeachpairofplansindividual-ly.Theselectedplanwasthencomparedwiththenextalternativeplan.Whenconflictsamongthecriteriawereidentified,asubjectivetradeoffwasconductedandtheconsequencesdocumented.10-9-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment10(p.E-10-26,para.5top.E-10-28,para.5)Provideestimatesoftheacreageofvegetationthatwouldbelostbycon-structionoftheHighDevilCanyon-Veedamsites.ResponseConstructionoftheHighDevilCanyon-Veedamsiteswouldresultinthefo11owingestimatedvegetatedandunvegetatedarealosses.Thefiguresaccountfortheimpoundments,damsandsp'i11ways,campsandvi11ages,andborrowareas.However,designoftheseprojectshasnotproceededfarenoughtoallowmorethancrudeestimatesofarearequirementsfortheselatterprojectfeatures.VegetatedAreaUnvegetatedAreaTotalhaacreshaacreshaacresHighDevilCanyon*7,40018,4002,5006,20010,00024,600VeeCanyon**3,5008,7006001,4004,10010,100Total10,90027,1003,1007,60014,10034,700*ImpoundmentArea=24,000acres**ImpoundmentArea=9,400acres10-10-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment11(p.E-I0-27,para.6)ProvidedocumentationforimportanceofVeereservoirareatokeyfur-bearers.ResponseTheVeeCanyonReservoirareaisoutsidetheintensivefurbearerstudyareaofGipsonetal.(1982)andhasneverbeensystematicallysearchedorsur-veyedforfurbearers.NodataareprovidedbyGipsonetal.onuseofareasupstreamofVeeCanyonbyaquaticfurbeaersormarten,thefurbearersidentifiedas"key"speciesinthecurrentreport.MentionismadeinGipsonetal.ofthepresenceoflynxintheupperreachesoftheproposedWatanaimpoundmentnearthemouthoftheOshetnaRiver.Also,aerialtran-sectsforfurbearersign,whichextendedupstreamalmosttotheTyoneRiver,demonstratedthatthenumberoffoxtracksincreasedmarkedlybetweenDevilCanyonandtheTyoneRiver.FoxesweremostoftenfoundinvegetationtypesatelevationsabovetherivervalleyinthestudyareawiththeexceptionofblackspruceflatsupstreamfromVeeCanyon.Inaddition,Gipsonetal.states:"Attheupperreachesoftheproposed(Watana)impoundmentfoxdensitywasobservedtoincreasemarkedly.ThesouthsideoftheriveraboveVeeCanyonchangesfrommountainousterraintoopen,marshyflatswhicharecharacteristicofgoodfoxhabitat.IIThese"marshyflats"arealsolikelytobemoreattractivetomostaquaticfurbearersthan-llmoun-tainousterrain".10-11-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment12(p.E-10-38,para.5)Describethecriteriausedforevaluatingresponsivenessofaccessplans.ResponseEighteenalternativeaccessplanswereevaluatedaccordingtothelistofcriteriaonp.E-10-37inChapter10,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplication.Thatevaluationproducedsevenaccessplans(allofwhichwerelocatedwith-inthreebasiccorridors).Thosesevenplans,inturn,wereevaluatedaccordingtoasubsetofthecriterialistedonp.E-10-37.Thatsubsetincludedthefollowing:1.Noprelicenseconstruction.2.Minimizeconstructiondurationandmaximizenetprojectbenefits.3.Provideaccessbetweensitesduringprojectoperationphase.4.Provideaccessflexibilitytoensureprojectisbroughton-linewithinbudgetandschedule.5.AccommodatepreferencesofGoldCreekandIndianRiverCommunities.Asaresultofthisprocess,Plans13,16,and18wererecommendedasthemostresponsiveplans.10-12-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment13(p.E-10-40,para.2)Explainhowaestheticresourceissueswerefactoredintotheevaluationandcomparisonofalternativeaccessplans.ResponseAestheticresourceissueswereassessedinrelationshiptoallprojectfacilities,includingalternativeaccessplans(asdescribedinExhibitE,Chapter8,p.E-8-5oftheLicenseApplication).Aestheticvalueratingsandabsorptioncapabilitieswereassignedtoallrelevantareasandcalcu-latedintocompositeaestheticratingsforeachlandscapecharactertype,includingaccessalternatives.Nonetheless,aestheticresourceissueswereoflessimportanceintherouteselectionprocessthanwerefactorssuchascost,accessflexibility,schedule,environmentalimpacts,andlanduse(seelistonp.E-10-37inChapter10,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplication).whilepreferencesofthelocalcommunities,Nativeorganizations,andagencieswereconsidered,theeffortfocusedonthelistedcriteriaattherouteselectionstage.Aestheticsissueswillsubsequentlybeusedasdecisionfactorsinthedetailedroutinganddesignprocess,whichwillbecompletedinSeptember1983.(AccessPlanRecommendationReport,August1982,AcresAmerican,Inc.)10-13-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment14(p.E-10-42,para.1,top.E-10-43,para.2)IndicatewhetherthealternativeaccessroutecorridorswillfollowthealignmentsshowninFiguresLI0.7andE.1O.8orthoseinFiguresE.3.42throughE.3.47.IfthealignmentsshowninFiguresE.1O.7andE.10.8willbeused,thenprovidevegetationandwetlandsmapsforthesealternativeroutes.Alsoprovideestimatesofthenumberofhectaresofvegetationtypesthatwouldbeclearedforthealternativeaccessroutes.ResponseForthesouthernrouteandaportionofthenorthernroutenoneofthefiguresarecorrect.VegetationMaps1and2withthecorrectroutesarecontainedinSupp1ementa1Attachments10-14-1and10-14-2.Onlysegemntsrequiringcorrectionaredepicted.TheconversionfromthevegetationtypesonthemaptotheFishandWildlifeServicewetlandcategories(Cowardinetale1979)isinTableE.3.81.AreasofvegetationtypesforestimationofclearingandwetlandsforthefirstsixmilesofroadfromHurricanewerecalculatedfromthe1982StateofAlaskaDepartmentofNaturalResourcesTalkeetnaMountainQuadvegetationmap.Thismapisnotincluded,butdetailedremappingofvegetationandwetlandsintheprojectareaisplannedandnewvegetationandwetlandmapscoveringtheentireareaoftheaccessrouteswillbesubmittedwhenavailable.AreasofvegetationtypestobeclearedforeachaccessrouteareinTable1.ReferenceCowardin,L.M.,V.ofWetlandsFWS/BS-79-31.Carter,F.C.GoletandE.T.LaRoe,1979.andDeepwaterHabitatsoftheUnitedU.S.FishandWildlifeService.10-14-1ClassificationStates.Pub. TABLE1AREAOFVEGETATIONTYPESTOBECLEAREDFORALTERNATIVEACCESSROUTESRouteDenaliNorthSouthVegetationTypeHectaresAcresHectaresAcresHectaresAcresForestWood1andwhitespruce5.714.241.3102.124.760.7Openwhitespruce16.540.851.8128.145.9113.4Woodlandblackspruce1.84.44.110.2Openblackspruce1.94.81.74.124.159.6Openbirch0.61.51.22.91.84.3Closedbirch0.92.2Closedbalsampoplar0.30.70.61.4Openmixed18.545.711.227.628.871.0Closedmixed30.876.223.357.6103.1245.5TOTAL77.1190.5130.5322.4233.1575.1ShrublandOpentall7.919.6 17.743.624.159.6Closedtall22.054.548.0118.634.785.8Low·(birch)123.5305.164.6159.728.369.8Low(willow)87.1215.310.024.76.416.0Low(mixed)44.4109.834.785.835.387.2TOTAL285.1704.3175.0432.4128.8318.4TundraWetsedge-grass17.643.42.66.42.45.7Sedge-grass17.743.61.22.9Sedgeshrub7.518.5 10.024.71,5.337.8Matandcushion41.5102.510.626.218.345.0Grassland0.92.3TOTAL84.2208.024.159.637.291.410-14-2 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment15(p.£-10-422para.12top.£-10-432para.2)Estimatetheacreageof.wetlandstobeimpactedbyeachofthethreealter-nativeaccessroutes,andprovideabriefcomparisonamongroutesoftheextentofaccessrouteeffectsonwetlanddrainagepatterns.ResponseTheareaofwetlandsimpactedbyeachofthethreealternativeaccessroutesispresentedinTable1.TheseestimatesarebasedontheconversionofViereckandDrynessvegetationstypestoFishandWildlifeServiceWetlandclassesasdescribedinChapter3(TableE.3.81).Theseestimatesofwet-landsareveryconservative.Torefinethecomparisonamongroutesoftheeffectsofaccessroadsonwetlanddrainagepatterns,informationfromengineeringstudies(particularlyonsoils)wasalsoevaluated.TABLE1AREAOFWETLANDSONTHREEALTERNATIVEACCESSROUTESRouteDena1iNorthSouthWetlandTypeHectaresAcresHectaresAcresHectaresAcresPalustrineForested20.550.753.5132.274.7184.6PalustrineShrub-scrub225.0630.2109.3270.270.0173.0PalustrineorLacustrineemergent17.643.42.66.42.45.7TOTAL263.1724.3165.4408.8147.1363.310-15-1 ThewetlandsareafromHurricanetoIndianRiverispartofboththesouth-ernandnorthernaccessroutesandhasarelativelyhighpotentialfordrainagealteration.Soilsinthisareahaveapoorbearingcapacity,andanyexcessivesettlementoftheroadinsuchareaswouldmakeinstallationandmaintenanceofculvertsdifficult.EstimatedareaofwetlandsissimilarforthetworoutesbeyondIndianRiverandthepotentialforalterationofdrainagepatternsisalsosimilarforthetworoutes.TheDenaliroutedoesnothaveanywetlandswithashighapotentialfordrainagealterationastheHurricane-IndianRiversegmentontheNorthandSouthroutes,butthetotalpotentialwetlandsareaisgreater.Drainagealterationscanbeavoidedorminimizedbycarefulanalysisofsur-facedrainagepatternsduringthedetailedcivildesignphase.Properplacementofadequatenumbersofcu1vertsandotherdrainagestructures,monitoringafterconstruction,andinstallationofadditionaldrainagestructuresifunanticipateddrainageproblemsoccur(seealsoresponsetoComment18,BotanicalResources,Chapter3,ExhibitE).Amoredetailedanswertothisquestionwillbepossiblewhenplanneddetailedwetlandsmappingisavailable.ReferenceCowardin,L.M.,V.Carter,F.C.GoletandET.LaRoe.1979.ClassificationofWetlandsandDeepwaterHabitatsoftheUnitedStates.PublishedFWS/BS-79-31.U.S.FishandWildlifeService.10-15-2 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment17(p.E-10-49,para.5)Describeweightingfactorsgiventothecriteriausedinmakingthefina1choice.ResponseThechoiceofaccessrouteswasmadewithanemphasisonprojectobjectivesandgeneralconcernsofcommunitiesandresourceagencies.Whilecriteriawereestablishedandusedintheselectionprocess,specificweightingdifferentialswerenotdevelopedforthecriteria.Accessflexibilityandconstructionschedulecompliancewereemphasizedinthefinalselectionprocess,sincecostconsiderationswerenotakeycriterion.(AccessPlanRecommendationReport,August1982,AcresAmerican,Inc.)10-17-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment18(p.E-I0-54,para.4)ProvideadescriptionoftheselectionprocessforroutingfromHealytoWi11ow.ResponseTheroute-selectionprocessusedbyCommonwealthAssociates,Inc.toselectatransmissionlinecorridorfromHealytoWillowissummarizedontheattachedflowchart.Ingeneral,theselectionprocessfirstdevelopedconstraintmapsandidentifiedpotentialcorridors.Objectivesfollowedthroughouttheselectionprocessincluded:Minimizingimpactonlanduse,Minimizingconflictwithexistinglifestyles,Minimizingimpactonnaturalsystems,Minimizingvisualimpact,Minimizingimpactonculturalresources,Maximizingsharingofexistingrights-of-way,andOptimizingconstructionandoperatingcosts.Thecorridor-selectionstepproducedpotentiallyfeasiblecorridorswhichwerebothtechnicallyacceptable(fromanengineering,maintenanceandsystemreliabilitypointofview)andenvironmentallyacceptable.Publicworkshopswereheldtoreviewthecorridorselection.10-18-1 Withinthecorridors,preliminaryroutealignmentswerethenidentifiedbasedondatacollectedonterrain,topography,landownership,streamcrossings,propertylines,scenicquality,andlanduse.Thosealignmentswerereviewedwithagenciesandthepublicandrevisedinaniterativepro-cessaccordingtoengineering,environmental,andeconomiccriteria.Detailedengineeringandeconomicrefinementanalyseswereperformedonthepreferredandalternativealignmentsaspartofthefinalrouteselectionprocess.10-18-2 Route Selection Process ANCHORAGE-fAIRBANKS TRANSMISSION INTER TIE fORMULATE STUDY PROCESS DEVElOP DATA IDENTifY CORRIDOR lSI I DETERMINE AL TERNA TlVE I ROUTE LOCATIONS EVALUA TE ROUTE AL TERNA TlVES SElECT fiNAL ROUTE ALIGNMENT----------------------------------------._--------------------------------.---_.-_._._------------ SElECT CORIlIOORI'1 fOR MORE IN- DEPTH &TUDY SUBMIITAl Of ROUff TO l'fRMITTING AGENCIES 10EN IOfY PfIEFfllREO ANO AlTERNAffRouns ---;~ENCY-REVIE.:v-1 AND COMMENT..,---------.-----J-INVENT OilY AND '_ ~~N_~S~S !U~~I~~~.I "-,\r-------- ',,-\!ROUTEIp~~llc -~iiR~StiOPS --l A REfiNEMENT l.:.O_~~~.NI_~Y_~~E.~I."~~ 1\~~El~1~~PECl~~~.J --------1-=-~_ !J HIMINARYIDENTifYP~GNMtNTSROU11~'~'SELEClEO:j""" 1-\i I SELECT ROUJlNG MHHOOOLOGY DEfiNE STUDY APPflOACH "-- C), ........."T1 ex:) G) Source: I c :0 W m.... CD Environmental Assessment Report:Anchorage-Fairbanks Transmission Intertie, Commonwealth Associates Inc.,t1arch 1982. EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment19(p.E-IO-61,para.1)Providethecriteriaforassigningratingstoeachalternativecorridor.ResponseAsstatedonp.E-IO-56inChapter10,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplication,environmentalcriteriawerecarefullyscrutinizedinthescreeningprocessforthetransmissionlinecorridors.Theprimaryenvironmentalconsidera-tionswere:aestheticandvisual(includingimpactstorecreation)andlanduse(includinglandownershipandthepresenceofexistingrights-of-way).Additionally,thefollowingenvironmentalconsiderationswerealsoconsideredtobesignificantintheevaluationprocess:Lengthofthetransmission1ine,topography,soi1s,cu1tura1resources,vegetation,fisheryresources,andwildliferesources.Inordertocomparethealterna-tivecorridorsenvironmentally,theenvironmentalcriteriawerepresentedinaseriesoftables(seeTablesE.10.21throughE.10.23inChapter10),thatillustratedcombinationsofenvironmentalconstraintsforeachcorridorsegmentunderstudy.Anenvironmentalratingwasthenassignedtoeachcorridorthatidentifiedtherelativeratingofeachcorridorwithinthethreestudyareas.Theassignmentofenvironmentalratingswasasubjectivetechniqueintendedasanaidtocorridorscreening.10-19-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment20(p.E-IO-61,para.3,top.E-IO-77,para.2)ProvideestimatesofthenumberofhectaresofwetlandswithineachofthealternativetransmissioncorridorsintheNorthernandSouthernStudyAreasandeachofthetechnicallyandeconomicallyacceptablealternativesintheCentralStudyArea.Providesimilarestimatesforvegetationtypesthatwillrequireextensiveclearing.ResponseEstimatesofthenumberofhectaresofeachvegetationtypetobecrossedbythealternativetransmissioncorridorswhicharetechnicallyandecono-micallyacceptablearepresentedinTables1,2,and3fortheNorthern,Central,andSouthernStudyAreas,respectively.SimilardataarepresentedforwetlandsinTables4,5,and6,respectively.Avarietyofmapswereusedforthedifferentstudyareasandanattemptwasmadetobeconsistentwithinstudyareas.Therefore,intheattachedtables,datafortheproposedroutesareconsistentwithdataforalterna-tivecorridorsinthesamestudyarea.However,datafortheproposedroutesarenotentirelyconsistentwiththedatapresentedfortheminChapter3ofExhibitE,whichwasderivedfromdifferentmaps.u.S.FishandWildlifeServiceNationalWetlandsInventorymapswerenotavailableexceptintheSouthernStudyArea.However,thesedatawerenotcompleteenoughtoallowforcomparisonsamongroutes.10-20-1 TABLE1HECTARESOFEACHVEGETATIONTYPETOBECROSSEDBYTHETECHNICALLYANDECONOMICALLYACCEPTABLEALTERNATIVETRANSMl7SIONCORRIDORSINTHENORTHERNSTUDYAREA-VegetationTypeTallConiferClosedTallConiferOpenIntermediateConiferDwarfConiferClosedDwarfConiferOpenDwarfCaniTerWoodlandDwarfConiferClosedDeciduousClosedTallDeciduousClosedIntermediateDeciduousOpenMixedForestClosedTallMixedForestTallScrubClosedTallScrubLowScrubClosedLowScrubOpenLowScrubRegrowth-CuttingareaBarren-stripmines/gravelpitsWater-rivers,streamsTotalCorridor£/ABCABDC2102620151911021582681461105096038478715785851717413335106220125169100100609691813221292YBasedon1:250,000-scaleStateofAlaska,DepartmentofNaturalResourcesvegetationmapsfortheFairbanksandHealyQuads.Inmanycases,individualmappolygonsweremappedascomplexes(i.e.,thepolygonwaslabelledwithtwovegetationtypesconsistingofaprimaryandasecondarytype).Inthesecasesonlytheprimarycomponentsofthemapp-ingcomplexesweretabulated.YSeeFigureE.10.12forcorridorlocations,corridorwidthequals91m(300ft).10-20-2 TABLE2HECTARESOFEACHVEGEATIONTYPETOBECROSSEDBYTHETECHNICALLYANDECONOMICALLYACCEPTABLEALTERNATIVETRANS~JSSIONCORRIDORSINTHECENTRALSTUDYAREA-CorridorYVegetationTypeABCDABCFABECDAJCDABECFAJCFCJAHIForestOpenSpruce88889769766WoodlandSpruce94 9411211250ClosedMixed33493331311907035OpenMixed38123567414115984ShrublandOpenTa1191041550110145305Birch1181181034110341131Wi11ow674674 74MixedLow77208TundraSedge-grass33Matandcushion1010163Mat&cushion!sedge-grass2650265050AlpineHerbaceous-88SnowandIce160Barren40Water1016166 6 6Total6916207826227115511400lIBasedprimarilyon1:250,000-scalemappingofMcKendricketal.(1982).The1:63,000-scale'mappingofMcKendricketal.(1982)andthe1:250,000-scaleStateofAlaska,DepartmentofNaturalResourcesvegetationmapoftheHealyQuadwereusedforportionsofsomerouteswheretheprimarymappingdidnothavecoverage.£!SeeFigureE.I0.llforcorridorlocations.Corridorwidthequals91m(300ft)inareaswithtwocircuitsand155m(510ft)inareaswithfourcircuits.10-20-3 TABLE3HECTARESOFEACHVEGETATIONTYPETOBECROSSEDBYTHETECHNICALLYANDECONOMICALLYACCEPTABLEALTERNATIVETRANSMISSIONCORRIDORSINTHESOUTHERNSTUDYAREA-ICorridor.£/VegetationTypeABCADFCAEFCClosedConiferForest137462OpenCoifierForest9744ClosedDeciduousForest2592931MixedForest00110ClosedMixedForest5121100OpenMixedForest535434OpenDwarfTree Scrub133112OpenTallShrub-Scrub490 0OpenLowShrub-Scrub0380DrytoMesicHerbaceous0240WetHerbaceous8457212SphagnumBog617778Water1600Barren60 0Urban/BuiIt-up7700Total1,097601583l/Basedon1:250,000-scaleStateofAlaska,DepartmentofNaturalResourcesvegetationmapfortheAnchorageQuad.Inmanycases,indivi-dualmappolygonsweremappedascomplexes(i.e.,thepolygonwaslabelledwithtwovegetationtypesconsistingofaprimaryandasecondarytype).Inthesecasesonlytheprimarycomponentsofthemappingcomplexesweretabulated•.£/SeeFigureE.I0.10forcorridorlocations.91m(300ft).10-20-4Corridorwidthequals TABLE4HECTARESOFPOTENTIALWETLANDSTOBECROSSEDBYTHETECHNICALANDECONOMICALLYACCEPTABLEALTERNATIVETRANSMISSIONCORRIDORSINTHENORTHERNSTUDYAREA1/CorridorYWetlandTypePalustrineForestedPalustrineScrub-ShrubRiverineTotalABC6162959920ABDC648378181044l/BasedonconvertingvegetationtypesgiveninTable1tothecorrespondingCowardineta1.(1979)wet1andtypes.YSeeFigureE.I0.12forcorridorlocations.10-20-5 TABLE5HECTARESOFPOTENTIALWETLANDSTOBECROSSEDBYTECHNICALLYANDECONOMICALLYACCEPTABLEALTERNATIVETRANSMISSIONCORRIDORSINTHECENTRALSTUDYAREA1/Corridor.£/WetlandTypeABCDABCFABECDAJCDABECFAJCFCJAHIPalustrineForested182PalustrineScrub-Shrub118Riverine/Lacustrine10Total310182118o30020911616341611516137209116633161156127564136475l/BasedonconvertingvegetationtypesgiveninTable2tothecorrespondingCowardinetale(1979)wetlandtypes.1/seeFigureE.10.11forcorridorlocations.10-20-6 TABLE6HECTARESOFPOTENTIALWETLANDSTOBECROSSEDBYTHETECHNICALLYANDECONOMICALLYACCEPTABLEALTERNATIVETRANSMISSIONCORRIDORSINTHESOUTHERNSTUDYAREAl!Corridor.£/WetlandTypePalustrineForestedPalustrineScrub-ShrubPalustrine/lacustrineemergentRiverineTotalABC22139016141ADFC8169234o384AEFC10612290o408l!BasedonconvertingvegetationtypesgiveninTable3tothecorrespondingCowardinetal.(1979)wetlandtypes.~SeeFigureE.10.10forcorridorlocations.10-20-7 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment21(p.E-10-69top.E-10-79)Indicateifanytransmissionlinealternativeisexpectedtorequiremore(orless)constructionofaccessroads.ResponseInallcases,theselectedtransmissionlinealternativeforeachmajorseg-ment(Willow':'Anchorage,Willow-Healy,Watana-GoldCreek,andHealy-Fairbanks)representsthealternativewiththelowestrequirementsfornewaccessconstruction.Thisresultsfromattemptingtominimizenewaccessrequirementsinthecorridoridentificationandevaluationprocess,andbecauseofextensiveopportunitiestoparallelexistingaccessfeaturesortransmissionlines.SpecificinformationaboutrelativeaccessrequirementsmaybeobtainedfromthediscussionoftransmissionalternativesinChapter10,ExhibitE(pp.E-10-62throughE-1O-82andFiguresE-10-10throughE-10-12)intheLicenseApplication.10-21-1 EXHIBITE100AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment22(p.E-10-BO,para.1,top.E-10-83,para.3)Explainhowaestheticresourceissueswerefactoredintotheevaluationpro-cessforthetransmissionlinecorridortolinkthedamsiteswiththeIntertie.ResponseAestheticresourceswereincorporatedintotheenvironmentalevaluationpro-cessusedfortransmissioncorridorscreening.Moreover,theywereconsid-eredinidentifyingapreferredroutewithintheselectedcorridor.Thisassessmentfocusedonviewsandpotentialvisualimpactsfromrecreationalareas,hikingtrails,vistas,highways,andheavilyutilizedlakesorstreams.Theenvironmentalscreeningcriterialistedonp.E-10-66inChapter10,ExhibitEintheLicenseApplicationwereusedtoevaluateeachalternatetransmissionlinecorridorfromthedamsitetotheIntertie.Aswasdoneforthenorthernandsouthernstudyareas,thosecriteriawerecombinedintoenvironmentalconstrainttablesandarelativeenvironmentalratingwasassignedtoeachcorridor.Inadditiontoaestheticresources,thescreen-ingcriteriaincluded:landuseandlandstatus,lengthofcorridor,topo-graphy,soils,culturalresources,vegetation,andfishandwildliferesources.Followingtheselectionofapreferredcorridor,constraintmappingwasusedtoselectoneroutewithinthecorridor.Aestheticresourceswereoneofthreedecisionfactorsutilizedinthisprocess.Theothertwoincludedbiologicalconstraints(primarilywetlandsandhabitatareasforimportantorsensitivespecies)andmanmadeconstraints(landuse,includingrecreation,andculturalresources).Ingeneral,theselectedtransmissionlinecorrodorfromtheIntertietothedamparallelscloselytheprojectaccessroute.10-22-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment23(p.E-IO-83top.E-IO-I04)Documentwhetherthesurfacesoilsatthealternativeborrowsitesareexpectedtobesimilartoordifferentfromthoseintheproposedprojectarea.ResponseThesurfacesoilshavebeeninvestigatedatalternativeborrowsitesthroughphotointerpretation,reconnaissanceandgeologicmapping,seismicrefractionsurveys,soilborings,andtestpits.Surfacesoilsaredefinedastopsoilandtheunderlyingparentsoildepositwhichaffecterosionpotentialandvegetationdevelopment.Whilethedepthofthesurfacesoilsmayvary,thezoneaffectingsurfaceerodabilityandvegetationisgenerallywithin3to5feetofthegroundsurface.AnticipateddifferencesandsimilaritiesofsurfacesoilsforalternativeborrowsitesmaybeestimatedfromTable1,whichsummarizessoiltypes,classifications,geologicorigin,andotherinformationindicatingcomparitivesoilproperties.BorrowSitesE,D,G,I,andJarewithintheprojectboundaries,whileBorrowSitesC,F,andHareoutsidetheboundaries.Thecharacteristicsofthegranu1arsurfacesoi1satBorrowSitesC,E,F,andGaregenerallyexpectedtobesimilarwiththepossibleexceptionofBorrowSiteC,locatedintheupperportionofTsusenaCreek.Thesemi-pervious/imperviousBorrowSites0andHaredifferentwithrespecttodepthoforganicmaterialinthesurfacesoils.SiteHisexpectedtohaverelativelydeeptopsoilandhighorganiccontentwithmuchdeeperstrippingthanSiteD.Incomparisonto10-23-1 SiteD,SiteHhaspoorsurfacedrainageandshallowpermafrost.TheperviousBorrowSitesIandJintheSusitnaRiverareexpectedtobesimilarinsurfacesoils,withSiteIhavingmoreterracedepositsandassociatedtopsoilareathanSiteJ.SurfacesoildepositsatSitesIandJwillhavelimitedtopsoildevelopmentduetotheirlocationinanactiveriverfloodplain.10-23-2 TABLE 1 SURFACE SOILS AT ALTERNATIVE BORROW SITES Sheet I of 3 o \ N· VJ I .pJ BORROW WATANA WATANA WATANA OCVILS CANYON WATANA &:OCVILS WATANA WATANA WATANA SITE C E F G CANYON H I J D Category of Granular Granular Granular Granular Semi-pervious Semi-pervious Pervious Pervious Material Impervious Impervious Geologic Outwash Flood plain Flood plain Flood plain Glacial ice Glacial Flood plain Fan Flood plain alluvium alluvium alluvium disintergratior Lacustrine &:terrace Alluvium Origin Alluvium Terrace/Fan Terrace/Fan Terrace/Fan Outwash over Ablation alluvium Terrace (reworked Alluvium Alluvium Alluvium Alluvium Till (Susitna R)alluvium outwash)Outwash (Tsusena (Susitna R/Basal Till (Susitna R) (Tsusena C)(Susitna R/Creek)Cheechacko Tsusena C)Creek) Topsoil Avg I'/0-2'I'/ 0 -2'1'/0.2 -2.0'0.5'/ 0 -I'1.5'/ 0 -6'2•0/1.5' - 7•5 None in acti ve None in active Range Estimate river channel river channel Thickness similar to F l'on Terraces I'on Terraces Types of but less OL,ML,SM OL,ML,SM OL,ML OL,ML,SM OL,PT OL,ML,SM OL,ML,SM Topsoil thickness PT with pockets of PT with boulder boulders to 4.5'fields Surface Soi 0.5 / 0 -2'3'/0-4.5'1.5'/1-3'1.5-2.0/1-6.5'-/1.5-4.5 Alluvial sands Alluv ial sands Avg./Range Estimate &:gravels with &:gravels with Thickness similar to F Silty Sands &:Silty Sands &:Silts &:Silty Silts &:Sand~surface silty surface silty Types but less Gravel Gravel Sand with some soils on soils on silty soils organics terraces terraces Location Outside Inside Outside Inside Inside Outside Inside Inside required required required required required required required required project project project project project project project project boundaries boundaries boundaries boundaries boundar ies boundaries boundar ies boundaries TABLE 1 (Continued) SURFACE SOILS AT ALTERNATIVE BORROW SITES Sheet 2 of 3 BORROW WATANA WATANA WATANA DEV ILS CANYON WATANA &OCVILS WATANA WATANA WATANA SITE C E F G CANYON H I J D Estimated Average Stripping 1.5'4'2.5'2.0'1.5'5.5'None in Channel None in Channe Up to 3'-4'on Up to 3'-4'on Terraces Terraces Vegetation Alpine tundra Dense spruce Mixed spruce Scattered Tundra &Thick tundra None in active None in acti ve on walls.alder,tundra &tundra.brush with sedge grass muskeg,channel channel Heavy brush isolated Areas of descidous with isolated marshy,alder, &trees at brush.alders and trees to spruce underbrush edge flood undergrowth.dense trees plain.Mixed &underbrush grass &tundre on hillside near river Drainage Very good Very Good Good Good Poor to Good Poor Very Good Very Good Permafrost Sporadic None Limited None Sporadic Shallow None None Encountered Encountered Permafrost Encountered Encountered to 14' Unified GW SW GP GW GP SW GW GP SW SP GW GP SW SP Varies with SM ML SC CL GP SW SP GW GP SW Soil System GM SM SP SM ML SP SM GM ML SM GM ML Geologic GW GM GC GW SM GM GM SM SP Class.of origin See Borrow Reference 1 o N w I V', Sheet 3 of 3 TABLE 1 (Continued) SURfACE SOILS AT ALTERNATIVE BORROW SITES BORROW WATANA WATANA WATANA OCVILS CANYON WATANA &OCVILS WATANA WATANA WATANA SITE C E f G CANYON H I J D Exploratior Photo interp.Photo interp.Photo interp.Photo interp.Photo interp.Photo interp.Photo interp.Photo interp. Data Base Visual Recon.Geological Visual Recon.Geological Geological Visual Recon.Geological Visual Recon. 3 seismic 7 seismic 6 test pits Mapping Mapping 8 auger Mapping 5 test pits 1 test pit 9 auger 14 auger 27 rotary,borings 6 seismic 28 test pits borings 38 auger,lines 2 test pits 8 hammer bor ings;and 45 test pits Reference (3)p.D-35-36 (3)p.0--35-36 (3)p.0--35-36 (3)p.0--31-36 (2)p.6-49-51 (2)p 6-51-52 (2)p 7-27-30 (2)p.6-52-54 (2)p.6-54-56 (2)p.6-54-56 (2)p.6-54-56 (l)p.8-5 (l )p.6-1-16 (l)p.8-6 (l )p.8-5 (l)p 8-1-6 Sources Acres American Incorportated.1982.Susitna Hydroelectric Project,1982 Supplement to the 1980-81 Geotechnical Report.Prepared for the Alaska Power Authority. Acres American Incorporated.1982a.Susitna Hydroeleetr ic Project,1980-81 Geotechnical Report.Prepared for the Alaska Power Authority. U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Alaska District,1979.Supplemental feasibility Study,Upper Susitna River Basin,Watana Dam Site,Section D foundations and Materials. EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourGesComment24(p.E-IO-83,para.4,top.E-IO-I04,para.4)Provideabriefdiscussionofhowaestheticresourceswereusedintheevaluationprocessofdeterminingborrowsitealternatives.ResponseTheprimaryemphasisinthegeneralevaluationofborrowsitealternativeswasplacedonwaterqualityandenvironmentalfactors(especiallytheavoid-anceofstreamsandwetlands).Whileaestheticresourceswereassessedfortheselectedborrowsiteareas,theywerenotspecificallyconsideredintheevaluationoftheborrowsitealternatives.10-24-1 EXHIBITE10.AlternativeLocations,Designs,andEnergySourcesComment26(p.E-IO-143,para.4,throughp.E-IO-172,para.2)Provideagenericdescriptionofsocioeconomicimpactsofthermalalterna-tivesotherthancoal,nuclearsteamelectricgeneration,biomass,geo-thermal,wind,andsolaralternatives.ResponseThisresponseassumesthatComment26wasaskingforagenericdescriptionofsocioeconomicimpactsofnaturalgas,nuclear,biomass,geothermal,wind,andsolarelectricalenergygeneratingsystems.ThisassumptionwasmadebecausethetextreferredtoinComment26(p.E-10-143throughp.E-10-172)discussesthesesystems,butdoesnotspecificallyaddresspotentia1soci0-economicimpacts.Principalfactorsthatwi11determinetheextentandmagnitudeofsocio-economicimpactsofelectricalenergydevelopmentinclude:thelengthoftheconstructionandoperationperiod,thesizeoftheworkforce,thenumberanddemographiccharacteristicsofin-migratingworkers,theratioofproject-relatedin-migrantstotheexistingpopulation,thecapacityofexistingcommunityinfrastructure,andthe1ocationandamountofproject-relatedexpenditures.Thefollowingdescriptionprovidesagenericdiscussionofpotentialsocioeconomicimpactsresultingfromtheconstruc-tionandoperationofvariouselectricen~rgygeneratingtechnologies.NaturalGasorDistillate-firedSteamElectricIngeneral,fora200MWnaturalgasordistillate-firedsteamelectricunit,theconstructionperiodcouldextendto5yearswithconstructionand10-26-1 operationworkforcespeakingatapproximately600and70workers,respec-tively.Themajorityoftheproject1scapitalexpenditureswouldoccuroutsideAlaska,whilelaborandfuelwouldcomeprimarilyfromwithinthestate.WindThesocioeconomicimpactsofwindenergyconversionsystemswouldbeminimalduetoashortfieldassemblyperiodforthewindturbinesandsmallworkforcerequirements.Forexample,itisexpectedthat10to15personswouldberequiredtoworkapproximately6monthstoerecta1-2.5MWwindturbine.Anon-siteoperatingworkforcewouldnotberequired,andmaintenancewouldbeminimal.Expendituresforcapitalandlaborwouldoccurprimarilyout-sideAlaska.Solar(IncludingPhotovoltaicSystemsandThermalElectricSystems)Constructionofa10MWsolarphotovoltaicsystemwouldrequireabout100construction/assemblyworkers(for1to2years)andapproximately10opera-tionandmaintenanceworkers.Incomparison,asimilarlysizedsolarthermalelectricsystemwouldrequireapproximately60construction/assemblyworkersand25operationworkers.ExpendituresforcapitalandconstructionlaborwouldoccurprimarilyoutsideAlaska.BiomassBiomass-firedfacilitiestypicallywouldbesitedinconjunctionwithsaw-mills,mostofwhicharelocatedinlarge-ormedium-sizedcommunities,suchasAnchorage,Fairbanks,Nenana,andSoldotna.Theconstructionperiodfor15to30MWplantswouldrangefrom1.5to3years.Workforcerequirementswouldbe-approximately65forconstructionand25foroperationandmain-tenance.Expendituresforcapital,labor,andfuelwouldbemadeprimarilyinAlaska.10-26-2 GeothermalThedevelopmentandconstructionperiodfora50MWgeothermalplantwouldbeapproximately7years.About90personswouldberequiredforconstruc-tionand30wouldberequiredforoperationandmaintenance.ProjectexpendituresforcapitalandlaborwouldbedividedaboutequallyinsideandoutsideAlaska.NuclearThesocioeconomicimpactsofa1000MWnuclearpowerplantwouldbepoten-tiallysignificantduetothelongconstructionperiod(7to10years)andlargeconstructionworkforce(averaging1,300).Anoperationandmain-tenanceworkforceofapproximately180personswouldberequired.ProjectexpenditureswouldbemadeprimarilyoutsideofAlaskasinceallequipmentandmostofthelaborwouldbeobtainedfromthelower48states.ReferencesCandidateElectricEnergyTechnologiesforFutureApplicationintheRainbeltRegionofAlaska,VolumeIV.October1982.PreparedbyBattellePacificNorthwestLaboratoriesfortheAlaskaOfficeoftheGovernor,DivisionofPolicyDevelopment,andPlanningandtheGovernor'sPolicyReviewCommittee.10-26-3 EXHIBITE11.ListofLiteratureComment1(p.E-3-232,para.4)Woodetal.(1975).ResponseAsearchfortheproperreferenceinformationisbeingconducted.ThisinformationwillbeprovidedtotheCommissionassoonasitisavailable.11-1-1 EXHIBITE11.listofLiteratureComment2(p.E-5-129,para.2)Providereferencesforstatementoncommutingexperiencesofworkersonsimilarprojects.ResponseThefo11owingreferenceswereusedtodeve1opthestatementoncommutingexperiencesofworkersonsimilarprojects:DenverReserachInstitute.February1982.SocioeconomicImpactsofPowerPlants.PreparedforElectricPowerResearchInstitute.Metz,W.C.September11,1980.TheMitigationofSocioeconomicImpactsbyElectricUtilities.PublicUtilitiesFortnightly.1981.Worker/VehicleRatiosasMajorEasternPowerPlantCon-structionSites:ATimeofChange.TrafficQuarterly.Volume35,No.3.September1981.ConstructionWorkforceTransportationandTemporaryHousingTechniques.WesternRuralDevelopmentCenter.Management:WorkerPreparedfortheOctober1981.EnergyIndustryInvolvementinWorkerTransporta-tion.SubmittedtoTransportationQuarterly.August25,1982.IndustryInitiativesinImpactMitigation.PreparedfortheProceedingsoftheAlaskaSymposiumonSocial,Econo-mic,andCultura1ImpactofNatura1ResourceDeve1opment.Anchorage,Alaska.11-2-1 EXHIBITE11.ListofLiteratureComment3(p.£-7-87,para.1)NationalRecreation&Park,OpenSpaceStandards.ResponseThecompletereferencefor"NationalRecreation&Park,OpenSpaceStand-ards"isasfollows:TheNationalRecreationandParksAssociation.1971.NationalRecreation&ParkOpenSpaceStandards.Washington,D.C.11-3-1 EXHIBITE11.ListofLiteratureComment4(TableE.7.9)FrankOrth&Assoc.,4/82.BoroughPlanningDepartment,10/21/82.ResponseThecompletereferencefor"FrankOrth&Assoc.4/82"isasfollows:FrankOrth&Associates,Inc.PeterRogers.October1982.Personalcom-munication.Thecompletereferencefor"BoroughPlanningDepartment,10/21/82"isasfollows:Matanuska-SusitnaBoroughPlanningDirector.ClaudioArenas.October1982.Personalcommunication.11-4-1 EXHIBITE11.ListofLiteratureComment5(p.E-8-71top.E-8-72)AllreferenceslistedintheAestheticResourcesReferencesSectionshouldbeappropriatelycitedwithinthewrittentextoftheapplication.Iftheselistingsarenotcitations,pleaseindicatethattheyconstituteabiblio-graphy.ResponseExceptfordocumentscitedwithinthetextofChapter8,thereferenceslistedintheAestheticsResourcesReferencesSectionconstituteabiblio-graphy.11-5-1 EXHIBITE11.ListofLiteratureComment6(p.E-IO-120)CIRI/Placer1981.ResponseThecompletereferencefor"CIRI/Placer198Pisasfollows:CookInletRegion,Inc.andPlacerAmex,Inc.1981.CoaltoMethanolFeasibilityStudy,BelugaMethanolProject.VolumeIV,Environmental.11-6-1 .EXHIBITE11.ListofLiteratureComment7(p.E-10-121)Batte11e1978.ResponseThecompletereferenceforIIBatte11e197811isasfollows:Batte11ePacifi.cNorthwestLaboratories,JohnB~Burnham.1978.Natura1CoalUtilizationAssessment:TheImpactofIncreasedCoalConsumptioninthePacificNorthwest. PreparedfortheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy.BNWL-RAP-21,VC-ll.11-7-1 EXHIBITE11.Listof.LiteratureComment8(TableE.7.13)EDAWestimate.ResponseThereferenceforNote#4onTableE.7.13inChapter7,ExhibitEoftheLicenseApplicationshouldreadasfollows:EDAWestimatesbasedonSusitnaRiverCooperativeStudyMethodology(JohnOINeill,November1978).11-8-1