HomeMy WebLinkAboutAPA4031PROPOSED MITIGATION FOR SUSITNA RIVER FISH STOCKS
S~U SIT NA HYDR 0ELEe TR I CPR 0 J ECT
JUNE 1982
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1425
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A23
no.4031
ARLIS
L Ob Alaska n
1 razy &L ~esourCes
llfol1natio
Anchorage Al n Services,.aska
LIST OF TABLES
Number Page
1 Physical dimensions of Slough 9 ..··. .12
r
.2 Physical dimensions of Slough 19 .. ..· ·
....13
3 Physical dimensions of Slough 21 ··..... ..14 r
5
6
Cellculated es'Capement of sockeye,chum and pink
sellmon to spawning areas between Talkeetna and
Curry,1981 •••.••.••.••••••••
Ca,lculated escapement of sockeye,chum and pink
salmon to spawning areas above Curry,1981
P;roposed channel dimensio"3 and estimated excavation
for diversion of required flows from the mainstem
Susitnathrough the head end of Sloughs 9 and 21 for
spawning salmon and incubating eggs/alevins at a pro-
jeJct flow regime of 13,400 efs • • • . . •
15
16
17
7 Th(~size and eroding veloci ty of rock material as
related to bottom s~abi1ity • • •.••..•18
8 Estimated potential salmon egg deposition in Sloughs
9,19,and 21 under 1981 natural conditions and
mitigation conditions and es,timated potential
increase under mitigation • • •
19
r"·
\
9 Ca!:'rying capacity of Sloughs 9,19,and 21 as
calculated from 1981 field data using population
estimates,spawning areas and 0 2 requirements and
potential carrying capacity under natural conditions 20
10
11
12
13
Carrying capacity of Sloughs 9,19 and 21 as
calculated from 1981 field data with an assumed
upwelling rate and using depth,velocity,slough
flmo/'and physical multiple spawning requirements
und,er mi tigationconditions . • . . . • . . . • .
Calculated useable wetted area for salmon spawning
in Sloughs 9,19 and 21 under 1981 natural
conditions . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . .
Calculated useable wetted area for spawning salmon
in Sloughs 9,19 and 21 under mitigation conditions
Selected data used to define spawning and intra-
gravel requirements of Pacific Salmon ....
iii
21
22
23
24
l.
LIST OF FIGURES
Number
1 Comparison of minimum transect elevations yithin
Slough 9 yith calculated yater surface elevations
Page
25
".I".a>
N"."<:1-
oC)C)
LD
LD,,-
M
M
2 Comparison of minimum transect elevations yithin
Slough 21 yith calculated yater surface elevations • • • • • • •26
iv
APPENDICES
~umber Page
A
B
c
D
E
Estimated hydraulic head differences between
mainstem water surface elevations and minimum
thalweg elevations of transects within Sloughs
9 and 21 at various river flows • • • • • . . •
Slough 9 -Cross sections of transects 1-5 and profile
of minimum bottom elevations .••• • • • . . • • • •
Slough 21 -Cross sections of transects 1-13 and LA-SA
and profiles of minimum bottom elevations • • • .
Estimates based on calculations of wetted area
in Sloughs 9,19 and 21 under 1981 n~t~ral conditions
Methodology used in calcu~ating estimates of total
salmon escapement to sloughs and streams . • • •
27
29
31
37
38
F Graphic presentations used in determining sockeye and
chum salmon escapement to slough areas above Talkeetna,
by area under the curve methodology • • • • • . . . . • . • • .
!""""".:.."-~
4L .
G
.H
Areas under the curve calculations used to determine
sockeye and c:hum salmon escapement to slough areas
above Talkeetna • . •••• . • • • . . . • • • .
Alaska Department of Fish and Game salmon escapement
surveys of streams and sloughs above Talkeetna
v
46
59
Mitigation-of Impacts on Fish Resources
Under pre-project conditions,fish in the Susitna River are sub-
ject to highly variable stream conditions.These conditions are
controlled by the extremes in weather and climate of the regionc
During the summer months,high flows are caused by melting gla-
cial ice,and even higher peak flows occur when a storm coin-
cides with the already high summer flows.In the winter,
neither of these events take place,and the flow is reduced to
less than 5%of it's summer volume.These circumstanc-'5,in
conjunction with the streambed and sedime,t conditicnf that
accompany them,make the Susitna mainstem a iess th~n ideal
fishery habitat.In fact,most salmon spawnin,activity is con-
fined to tributaries and slough environments.'
The primary impact areas of the hydroelectric development are
the reservoir areas and the Susitna River from Talkeetna to
Devil Canyon.The dams themselves will not curtail the migra-
tion of any anadromous species because Devil Canyon is,even
n ow,a n at ur alb ar r i er t 0 s uch mig rat ion.The pro je ct wi 11,
hDwever,alt~r in many ways the conditions to which fish are
subject.
The degre~to which the project will change conditions and the
impacts accompanying those conditions will also vary by oroject
stage and location.The stages considered are cn~stru'ln,in-
cluding filling,and operation and maintainence.The.project
locations are the Devi 1 Canyon and Watana impol!nJ""e.n{s,the
Susitna r~ach downstream to Talkeetna,~he reach between
'falkeetna and Cook Inlet,and the access rOL.:fl4.'IIcI tranmission
line routes.
For both the project stage and locations,various mitigation
methods are available.These approaches have been examined with
clDse att~ntion to the following order:avoiding the impact,
minimizing the impact,rectifying the impact,reducing or
eliminating the impa~t over time,and compensating for the
impact.Re~ucing or eliminating impacts includes basic moni-
toring both of the resources as impacts develop and of the plan-
ned mitigation measures.
Mitigation dealing with the project's impacts can be catagorized
in several ways.Operational procedure is one such category.
Operational procedures are an important aspect of this mitiga-"
tion plan.Regulation of downstream flow would be the primary
operational procedure for mitigative purposes.
Construction or design procedures can also avoid adverse
impacts or,at least minimize them.These include the use of
s pe cia 1 val ves for s pill i ng e xc e ssw ate r to avo i d or min imi ze
dissolved gas supersaturation and the use of multilevel intakes
to regulate water temperature.
Modification of the existing stream by excavating orby adding
gravel to bui ld spawning areas is another type of mitigation
opportunity.The placement of the dams on the Susitna River
will act to control the extreme conditions ·that occur naturally
and,as will be discussed,may make the conditions in the stream
more favorable for fish.
Such modification of the stream,side channels,or sloughs could
protect,replace or even increase the amount of usable habitat.
The construction of artificial spawning channels or hatcheries
can also be used as a mitigative measure to compensate for loss
of fish production,but maintaining existing habitat or creating
new habitats by way of the modifications just mentioned are more
promising options.
A final category of possible mitigation is the management of
existing fishery resources to increase their productivity.
-Impoundments
The impacts associat:J with construction will be of short dur-
ation and will be masked by inundation of the area.Intensive
management of the recreational fishery in the tributaries above
the impoundment water level during the construction stage,how-
ever,could protect the grayling populations not directly
affected by the construction activities.In addition,insuring
that efflu~rrt discharges from the sewage treatment facilities
are com p a"t j q)~~W i t h the st rea mI s wate r qua 1i t y,0 r t hat the y are
not discharged intn any small tributaries above the impoundments
upper water level would protect the grayling fishery that will
remain after inundation.
For the resident fish,the inundation of the mainstem will pro-
bably result in the formation of new habitats that are as hos-
pitable to the fish as the former habitats.Furthermore,since
no anadromous fish occur above Devil Canyon,no impacts on
anadromous fish are associated with athe actual impoundments.
Avoiding nr minimizing impacts accociated with operation and
maintainence of the Watana impoundment is restricted by engin-
eering and economic aspects of the project.For example,fluct-
uations of the water level and the storage of water is necessary
to provide needed power during the cold months,which are also
the periods of low flow.On the other hand the annual fluctua-
tions of approximately 27m (90 ft.)in Watana will inhibit the
formation of a littoral zone,which is a general requirement for
cover and food for rearing fish in lakes;for some species it is
also a necessity for spawning habitat.
Adverse impacts may be rectified by managing the stream areas
not inundated or by developing a resident sport fishery in the
reservoirs,the latter of which could provide a replacement for
lost stream fishery habitat.Development of a resident reser-
voir fishery may be limited by post-project water quality of the
reservoirs.
.~.
The ability to establish a fishery in the reservoir will depend
on the water quality characteristics that develop.Although
fisheries in other glacially fed lakes in this region hcve not
been very productive,indications are that a least a limited
fishery could be established in the reservoirs.A clear,pro-
ductive upper layer in the reservoir will aid in the development
of such a fishery.Initial investigations on the settling rate
of incoming sediment,combined with the length and depth of the
Watana reservoir,indicate that the necessary clear layer could
develop.The fraction of incoming sediment measuring two
microns or less,however,may cause the reservoir to remain
cloudy in summer and,thus,limit the prospects for establishing
a good reservoir fishery.
Gas balance of nitrogen and oxygen in the Devil Canyon reservoir
is another impact that can be controlled.Installing cone-type
valves for spilling instead of using conventional spillways will
solve the problems of entraining nitrogen ang oxygen and thus
eliminate a problem for fish in the Devil Canyon res~rvoir and
downstream.The valve discharges will not plunge more that .6m,
on the average,below the surface.This would keep the levels
at or less than those that occur naturally.These measures are
part of the proposed d~sign.
As previously mentioned,the placement of the Devil Canyon
facility at he upper limit of the salmon ~)~'A~io~is a positive
fa~tor in the design of the project.~o ~he present
range or habit at of the five s pee i es of P 4.c.iii c.S <1./"'''n i se x-
eluded by th~project.Although it is not within the scope of
this study to evaluate the enhancement potential of the upper
Susitna River basin above Devil Canyon,whetner or not the
project precludes this possible enhancement can be evaluated on
a preliminary basis.For example,to permit salmon access
farther into the upper basin,the natural barrier of Devil
Canyon (without the project)or the barrier represented by the
dams (with the project)would need to be circumvented in some
manner.
More signifi<ant,however,is the consideration that any
enhancement plans for the basin above Devil Canyon requiring the
U5e of the Susitna for outmigration would be made more difficult
by the downstream passage problems presented by the dams.A
suggestion has been offered in the past that for enhancing the
salmon resources of the upper basin by connecting Lake Louise to
the Copper River drainage.Such enhancement,while never enter-
tained by the present study,would not b~precluded by the
Susitna project.Of course,any proposed action to pe~mit
salmon access to the reaches of the upper basin where they do
not occur naturally would have other environmental implications
that would need to be evaluated .
-Downstream
Mitigation activities associated with downstream impacts during
L
the construction stage would be minimal.Avoiding or minimizing
impacts could be accompolished princpally by close inspection of
the work to see that all prudent measures are undertaken to
reduce turbidity or to prevent any toxic material from entering
the river.
o -River Mouth to Talkeetna
Below the confluence of the Chulitna,Susitna,and Talkeetna
rivers,the contribution of waters from the Chulitna and
Talkeetna rivers is expected to greatly reduce or to eliminate
the potential for impacts resulting from flow alteration in the
upper river.In addition,the load contribution from the
Chulitna River will probably mask any reduction in suspended
material caused by settling behind the dams.As one progresses
dowmstream,the differences between pre-and post-project
conditions will be less and less apparent until,eventually,any
change will be well within the range of natural fluctuations.
No adverse water qu~lity changes are expected in the lower
Susitna River.Poss~bly the changes in flow below Talkeetna
could lower the stage in certain areas and thus limit access to
some of the sloughs and side channels for spawning.Should this
happen then a mitigation measure that would avoi~impacts or
minimize them would consist of some alteration of at the mouths
of the sloughs,side channels,and tributaries..
Reducing or eliminating impacts thro~gh stream stocking and lake-~
fertilization may also be used.This technique would be
applicable to impacts in any reach of the Susitna.Several
lakes in ths Susitna drainage that have management potential
have already been identified by the Fisheries Rehabilitation
Enhancement Division (fRED)of ADF&G.
o -Chulitna Confluence to Devil Canyon
The most profound impacts of the Susitna Hydroelectric Project
on anadromous fish will occur in the Chulitna to Devil Canyon
reach of the Susitna River.Likewise a major part of the
mitigation effort is concentrated in this area.
With the beginning of the filling period of Watana Dam,there
will be alterations in the natural stream runoff patterns of the
Susitna River below the dam.The data from the 1981 field
investigations show that these modified stream flows will also
alter the flow patterns in the sloughs frequented by the salmon
for spawning,incubation of eggs,and the initial rearing of
fry.The reduction in river flow will also modify the existing
nat~ral water temperatures regimes.These will be influenced by
by the water that enters and is stored and discharged from the
Watana reservoir and,sussequently,when the two-dam project is
completed,through the Devil Canyon retension basin to the
r"iver.
Water quality changes will occur,principally by the reduction
in the amount of silt and bed load now occurring in an~passing
through this section of the river.The-project will reduce both
silt and bed load but this is not considered as important as
flow and temperature in the effective production of fish in the
side sloughs.Impacts associated with downstream temperature
regimes could be avoided during some periods of the year and
minimized during other periods by the use of multilevel intakes
which would provide a mixed flow with water temperatures equal
or near to natural conditions.The appropriate multilevel
intakes,if included in the design,will allow for temperature
regulation of discharged waters.Downstream water temperatures
can then be regulated to provide the most desirable temperature
for the fish resources.Stream-reaches that have correct
temperature conditions for egg development and emergence at the
proper time could be considered for management of salmon
fisheries and modifi~ations to provide additional habitat.
A purpose of mitigation is to maintain the sloughs as fish
producers by providing:1)adequate water flowing through the
sloughs from either their upper or low~r ends to maintain the
necessary water depth for transportation of adult salmon to the
spawning grounds;2)water of the necessary temperature and
oxygen l~vels for those fish that have entered the sloughs,as
their spawning success depends upon the upwelling wat~r areas in
the sloughs;and 3)suitable environment for the eggs to
incubate,the alevins to form,and the fry to emerge from the
gravel at the proper time of the year.
At pr~sent,the upwelling water is of insufficient volume to
insure th~necessary transport depth required for the adults to
enter the sloughs,to pass the spawning grounds and to remain
thereon during their stream life.
At present,the flows entering the upper ends of the sloughs are
controlle~by the river's stage during the migrating and
spawning season and by the provision of the necessary support
flows.Egg survival is dependent upon the natural temperature
regime of the upwelling water,as river inflow generally ceases
before the end of the incubation period.Until approximately
the first week in October,temperatures above 6 C.are required.
Under pres~nt conditi~ns the temperature of the stream water
varies between about 11 and 14 C.at the time of maximum
spawning~and then gradually cools to not less than 6 C.by the
first week in October.
Although the source of upwelling water has not yet been
determined,it is assumed that it contains sufficient oxygen for
fi~al embryo ~evelopment;There are two areas providing the
necessary aquifers:1)the major land source above th~sloughs,
and 2)the island between the slough and the main channel.In
the latter case,the difference in elevation between the water
level in the main Susitna channel and the thalweg level of the
sloughs gives the hydraulic head to provide the necessary drop
for water to percolate through the island gravel into the slough
area.Until the ground water surveys proposed for these areas
are completed,the contribution from this source cannot be
quantified.This study is underway.
Various project operating flows for power have been proposed,
ranging from 10,400 cfs to 13,400 cfs during the winter
generation period.These flows are below the natural expected
summer flows,but many times greater than the natural winter
flows.
The wi nter temperature reqime may be such that a-1"I east a part
of the river channel will be free from ice above Talkeetna
because of the discharg~of warm~r water from ~he Watana or
Devil Canyon reservoirs.nuring the spring breakup of 1982 it
was reported that some of the sloughs were wetted owing to the
backup from ice jams,creating extraordinary heads and diverting
III ate r i n tot he side s lou gh s.This flo w,p 1 us the s pr i ng warm i ng
trend,may be the conditions that trigger the young fish to move
outward from the sl<il'ghs.Under project conditions,if the ice
jams are eliminated,short bursts of water may be required to
trigger the outward migration of young fish from the slough~.
This is physically possible and would become part of the
mit i gat ion pro ce d u res pro po s eod i f the a b s e r vat ion saf 198 2 are
typi.cal.
r her i ver war k rep art ed by R&M Can s IJ 1 tar)t oS t J,f!va..yo i c us
Y'iver cross sections above Talkeetna.lne i"r.,.m<lTI~n old"a..ined
from the des,cribed reach areas has bee.n u.Se.tI to de.'ie./e.p an
alpproai:h for mitigation to .prevent loss of the sloughs by the
elimination of higher flows.
The cross sections in the sloughs establts.hed and recorded by
the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (AOf&G)and equated to
the survey data of R&M have made it possible to examine the
existing gradients within sloughs 9,19,and 21 (tables 1,2,and
3).The water surface ··elevations of the shorelines of the
islands on th~main channel side was obtained for sloughs 9 and
21 by utilizing R&M cross-sectional data and a streight-line
channel loss of head (figures 1 and 2).
l
L
The purpose of this approach was to determine whether there can
be an intergravel flow to the sloughs with the river discharges
at the proposed project flows in order to retain the existing
spawning areas and the existing upwelling flows,or if it is
possible to improve the sloughs by increasing the existing
spawniing areas and the quantity of upwelling flows.The steps
taken to demonstrate this type of mitigation are shown by tables
1,2,afld 3,figurss 1 and 2 and Appendic€s A,B,and C.
Tables 4 and 5 list the areas used by the spawning fish,
including the slough areas,from Talkeetna to Devil Canyon.The
data source is the ADF&G.The slough areas were further
examined from overflight pi~tures provided by R&M.~
The ADF&G data shown on tables and in the appendices give-
pertinent information on needed wetted areas~upwelling flows
and other physical data on the sloughs which have been needed to
define the pervailing physical conditions.The R&M overflight
pictures are Qat provided as a part of this section~but are
available.On these overflight pictures are drawn the channel
transects which ~rovide the cross-sectional data utilized.
These data giv£a means of approximating the river profiles and~
with an assumed streight-line relationship~make it possible to
estimate the elevation of the shoreline on the river side if the
islands that form the sloughs under study.
Interpretation of the various levels affecting sloughs 9 and 21
are shown in ~igures 1 and 2.They show an invert elevation
profile of the slough and an equivalent elevation of the main
river surface;if such cross sections we~e to be extended across
the island area to the river channel~they would give an
a.pproximate hydraulic hea<l across th~island.The river stage
and elevation obtained from R&M data sources have been combined
with the-project level of the slough entrance and these are
shown on Figures 1 and 2.
Using this combinatinn of data~a flew channel level at the upper
ends may be projected to provide the necessary flows in the
slo~ghs at riv~r flows of 13~40~cfs measured at Gold Creek~
These will furnish the necessary.water depth for transporting
and spawning.On Table 6 is shown the minimum excavation
required to provide the new entrance levels needed •
.The purpose of this approach was to determine the l~vel of a
flat broad-crested weir as one means of control.The required
flow was based on a stated depth for transportation of adult
salmon into the slough and to provide the depth requi~ed during
the spawning period.This is shown on figures 1 and 2.An
estimation can be made of the required quantity of excavation
for a first approximation of cost and type of construction
equipment needed.Operational pr~cedures can be developed to
otssure that the physical alterations of tile channel entrances
can be maintained in accordance with the new flow regimes.
The stability of the channels is of the utmost importance as
they can not be permitted to be scoured by the fluctuating flows
brought about by storm events during the summer and fall.The
data for this study show that the stability of beds is affected
Cl t flo ws a"b a ve 750 cf sin s lou gh 9 and 54 cf sin s lou 9h 21
(Table 7).From the studies~it is showrn that the channels
would become unstable and that a control works would be
r e qui r ed.A n um-b er 0 f me thad s co u 1 d be em p loy ed her e to ins ure
the effectiveness of controls at the upper ends cif the sloughs.
To insure that there would be sufficient water to provide the
necessary oxygen to hatch the eggs and develop the alevins and
fry~one of two approaches is indicated~if the ground water
studies show that the gravels are permeable and that the
principal source of upwelling water is the river.It would be
possible to recharge such an aquifer through a surface pooling
on an island if the hydraulic head was not sufficient to allow
for the necessary percolation rate to recharge the aquifer from
the river flows.If the principal source of water is from the
major land side,this source would remain unaltered and would be
subjected only to natural or climatic changes and generally
would be unaltered by stream flow modifications.
The upwelling provi~es the necessary water flow,oxygen,and
temperature for incubation.It appears that the groundwater
tempeature in the slough will vary.from approsimately 2.7 to 3.1
C.and will be modified to some extent by the-stream
temperature,making it suitable for the development of eggs.
Under project operating conditions,with the major source of
silt remo~ed and with an opportunity to draw water of various
temperatures,it would be possible to use river water of the
same temperature as the ground water in the winter.A decision
on this is not requ~red until the ground water surveys are
completed,the source of the upwelling is identified,and the
need for further augmentatidn is established.
The number of fish to be mitigated for will depend upon the
return of any year-class,and is variable.To further
understand the relationship of the sloughs to the number of
spawning fish,Tables 8,9,and 10 have been prepared They
show the escapement expected to occur in the slou h in
proportion to that of existing areas.The wetted area can be
computed in square feet,which may be translated into useful
area for spawning fish,as shown in Tables 11 and 12.Under
natural conditions the river inflow ceases through the sloughs
when the main river reaches the elevation at which the sloughs
are dried,which is variable.Under the proposed mitigation l
con~itions the sloughs could remain wetted most of the time,and ...
hence,their useful areas would be enhanced.The usefullness
would be increased under mitigation .conditions as compared with
natural conditions when the same criteria were applied.In some
years the sloughs would be underused,and in some years they
would be overused.Under mitigation conditions,if the runs
were to ~e built t~the maximim space available,the run size
would ultimately increase.
The immediate concern is to insure that the existing populations
would have available to them at least a equivalent amount of
space as now exists.The percentage of used area,however,
might drop if the useful areas were to be increased without an
in<:rease in run size.This comparison of conditions is shown on
Tables 8,9,(l-nd 1.().
This is not intended to be augmentation but only mitigation,as
the mechanics of a slough's relationship to the rearing of young
has not yet been fully established.If the space remains equal
or greater than now existing that relationship would not be
rt~duced .
It has been noted that the water flow is important in the
development of eggs and young and may be a limiting factor in
their development,not only because of space but because of the
oxygen needs of the fish.Unless sufficient oxygen can be
supplied to support the embryos,added space or added overflows
to permit transportation would not in themselves be sufficient.
Table 13 shows the oxygen demands of a1evins and eggs from which
a minimum flow level can be extab1ishes when the saturation
level of the water is known.
I f a s uf f i.e i ent V1J 1 urn e 0 fox yge nat ed wate r we re not CI v a i I a b1e,
the productivene~s of the s~awning area would be 1i~ite'.This
b~comes a final check in the development of an,plans for
a1terin.g the sloughs or their upwelling water supplies.
Backup data required to develop the tables and figur.es presented
in this report are included in the appendices.
In summary,mitigation is required for the fish using the
sloughs existing in the Susitna River from ralkeetna to Oevi1
Canyon.The number utilizing these sloughs in 1981 have been
estimated and are shown in the tables.~~is expected that
these numbers will be exceeded in the futw..t"e,particularly the
by dominant pink salmon runs that occur in ~he even years.
Mit i gat ion i s re q~.i X~d be c au set he f 1ow a 1 t,e rat i 0 nw ill drop the
w-a·t~-er level below tltat which is required:·to,w·et the slo,",ghs to
allow the adults to enter th~sloughs,transport them$elves to
the spawning areas,spawn and either die or go ba-ek to ("J.<main
river.The storage of water in the Watana ReservOir wi 11 ~L~er
not 0n1y the flo w,but the wate r t em pe rat ur e,~nd '"i 11 'f"e.d'u.c.e
the turbidity load throughout most of the ye4 r .With the
two-dam development water wi 11 be del i verec bc,,/(!),W the Devi 1
Canyon retention basin,further modifyih~the stream
temperature.The entrance or throat of the sloughs must be
lowered to permit the required flow to enter the sloughs at
proj~ct 0~erationa1 levels in order to provide the necessary
depth for transportation and spawning by adult salmon.The
slough beds must remain stable at this lower level,although
they may be subjected to increased flows or f10nd flows that are
not completely regulated by the Watana reservoir.An entrance
control works wi 11 be needed to insure the safety of these
sloughs under the expected flood conditions.
If the present conditions in the sloughs are to be maintained,
the source of the aquifers supplying the upwelling water must be
identifie~to be sure that they will be recharged on an annual
basis and that they will supply the required flows for egg and
a1evin development.
The useful wetted areas of these sloughs may be enhanced,but
this should not be assumed to be augmentation,as the
relationship of their r2aring habits and needs have not been
established and related to the physical conditions within the
existing sloughs.The current relationships would be adversely
affected.
J\n estimate is given of the minimum excavation volumes needed to
reduce the levels to the entrance channel beds to a point where
they can accept water at lower river flows than have existed
under natural river conditions at spawning times.
It is concluded that it is feasible to examine in detail the
mitigation which will sufficiently alter the entrances of the
sloughs to provide water at lower levels of discharge in the
main river than ~ow occur naturally at spawning times but which
\1/i 11 0 c cur under 'p r 0 j e etc 0 ndi t i-0 n s.Car ef u1 des i gn wi 11 be
r'e qui red to i -n sur e_the s tab i 1i t Y 0 f the c han ne1s •
It is suggested that this type of mitigation is preferable over
the development of artificial spawning beds or hatchery systems
al t t his time.
-Ac~ess Road -Borrow Areas -Transmission lines
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I
l
t .
A majority of the pot~ntia1 impacts associated with the
construction,operation,and maintainence of access roads,
borrow areas,and transmission lines can either be reduced
si-gnificant1y or_eliminated completely.A major portion of the
imp act s ass 0 cia t .e-d wit h pub 1i c a cc es san d st ream sed i men tat ion.
will be avoided if the mitigation measures already described bi -or
Acres are implemented (Acres Amewrican Access Route Selection l
Report 1981).for example it is assumed that that the access
road.will be controlled as a private road during construction
and that management policies will be extab1ished for future use
of t-heroad.Furthermore,many potential ·-i,~acts ·can be avoided
if restrictions on off-road vehicle use are imposed and if some
restrictions are placed on public access beyond Devil Canyon.
Additionally,it is assumed that,whenever feasable,borrow
sit·es will have a buffer strip between them and any aquatic
habitat.
o -Road Desi~n and Construction
Road design and construction can incorporate measures to
minimize mass-movwement erosion of sediment into streams
represented by soil creep,slump earth flows,debris avalances,
and debris torrents.Control of these phenomena can be
accom~olished by avoiding placing roads on the midslope of
steep,unstable slopes;by reducing excavation to a minimum;in
cDnjunction with balanced ~art~work design,by designing cut and
fill slopes at proper angles;by providing vegetative or
artificial stabilization of cut and fill slopes;and by
constructing retaining walls to contain unstable slopes.Except
at stream crossings,roads can be situated to provide a buffer
strip of undisturbed land between the road and any streams.In
addition,if bridges and arch culverts are used for stream
crossings where anadromous fish or migratory resident fishes are
L
r
I',,
![
!l,
present,the potential for impact on these species will be
minimized.It is assumed that culverts will be of appropriate
s i ze and des i g nan d will be ins tal 1ed pro per 1y top e rm i t f ish
passage.Any low water crossings may cause impacts if
downstream fisheries are present.Where such low water
crossings are used,impacts can be reduced if the crossings are
properly maintained and used only by light vehicles.
Some potential impacts can be avoided if the construction work
within or adjacent to streams is not attempted -ing periods of
Ihigh streamflow,intensive rainfall,when mi itory fish are
spawning,or during crucial rearing times •.nis mitigation
approach applies to transmission line construction as well as to
,i c ce ss road con st r uct ion.
Oil residue from construction equipment and poss;'ble bacterial
and nutrient contamination of aquatic habitats resulting from
the presence of con5tructi~n personnel can be minimized by
following the standard precautions of the c~nstruction industry.
l:tis ass umedt h at 0 i 1 fro m mac hi ne r y will bed i s p 0 sed 0 f
properly and not buried at the site.Portable chemical toilets
will elilminate possible bacterial ~ontamination.
Table 1 Phyeical dimeneione of Slough 9
I I I I Dhtance
Tranaect I Minimum I Average bank-I Average high I between I I thalweg depth I section
no.I elevation I full elevation I water eleva-I tranaecte 1 I at bank-full I width
1 _UJ,I ~_l,_~~J,ttl"~~tl 11ft)I Slop!I tttl ~,{~~Jl-rn-:16---,-604.5i 1 607.3.1 I -I 2.83 I 406.4
I I,I J J J I,
I I 1 I I I I
I I ',-~!,,---,I 8501 .0009 A,I
2 1 601.43 1 602.89 I 607.70 I I I 4.81 I 271.1
I_~""_1 __L ~_._.1.~.J~I~_J,__.L
I I 1 I I I 1
I I .I ,"I I 2,350'--,!!Un 1 J
1 1---.----1------"1------1---,-----I
I L-----"J'---'L " I 1,700 t-.0014 I I
•1 591.66 I 593.63 I 597.71 I I 1 '.08 I 145.1
I I J I LJI
1 I I ,I'1
I I t I 1,250 I .0011 I I~I I I I 1 ---•
l 590.28.1 592.60 1 5g!h.!1 ~.,t ~.~,~_I
I I I I -r ,-,
J J ~'_.,L ._,L _~.,I _._J._.,..1
1 1 I -I I 1 I
1-5 1__1 .~L __I •••~_L__~L!_50__L_,OOI9~..J
l-'
N
Data Source:R&H and ADF&G field data.
')
','".
Table 2 Physical dimensions of Slough 19
I I Distance
Transect I Minimum I Average bank-I between I I Section
no.I elevation I full elevation I transects I I width I
I (ft)1 (ft)I (ft),I Slope I (ft)I
I I I I I I
J 718.79 ...~_~L 720.36 1~"__~____..~1 .~._L 50.9 I
1 I I I I
2 718.77 L 720.58 I II 111.1 I
I I I 1 I
3 718.73 1 72 0 .68 I I I 99.6 I
I 1 I I I
4 718.81.1 720.98 1 l 1 52.4 I
I I I I I
10 .721.89 I 722.56 I I.I 10.1 1
I I I I I I
1-10 I I I 1,100 I .0020 I I
Data Source:R&M and ADF&G field data.
.....
w
))
Table ]Physical dimehsiohs of SloU9h 2;
.....
.p..
112.°
B
I I I OUtllnee
Transect I MinimUM i Average bank-1 Average hi9h I between I 1 Thalwe"depth I Section
no.I elevation 1 full elevation I water eleva-1 trllnsects I I lit bank-full 1 width
---------~----1!!l------t------1!il--------t--!!~!--1!!l-----t----1!11------t--!!2~!--~------i!i-)·------t----i!il------
____l -l__-1!~l!_l__li~l!l li~~l l_-l ~!_1__"~___l~_8 __
I I I I I I I
----------t-------------.-t------------------t-----------------t----191~----_t--~!!!!--t---------------_t--------------
---!------t---l!~!l-----t------11~!!------t-----l!1~!l-----_t-------------_t---------t-----~l~-----I 100.0_________-l --l -l l--__!!!~!_1__~!!!!__1 _l______
1 1 I I I I I
____3 -----t--7!h!L-t------U!:.ll...-----t----..lll~-O----+-I +1.:.i_8 -----t--l~_O---:.-
----------t-------t-----------------_t--------~-------t_----2~l-----t-~!!1l--t----------------~I--------·
4 I 149.61-..-.--+750.93 --t-~3••0 I t-.------l :l.!_1 ._.t-.!.:.2.:...6=--__
--------t t ~-t -I :l06 •5 t--~!2.L-1 I
_5_._---}74 7.7L--f 149.52 t 7510 H t--I-1 10 ~..:..7.:..1.=.;.0"--__
I I I _-1 105.5 I :.!065 _1--1
I I I I I I I_-L--t 747.06 I 748.So -'-----t---1 5 1 •.28 I -+-_~__-+-_h~~
_~__l 1__I .~L_-!.!!.:..L__l_-.:..!!!.ll--I ~"tel _
1 I I I I I
746.32 I 148.]2 ~L 151.5.6 _1 L J 3.H L-114.1
I I I :I I___-+----1-1 L..1 213 •5 L~!!lL-1~__+---1 _
1 I I I I 1
745.53 I 146.!.L 1 150.12 l__L I 3.]5 _1-_12..:._5 _._
I I I 1 I 1+......~I!-______--.LJ__....L_203 .0 l_~llL~l "I
I I I I I I
___2.+_-----.llh!~~1 74 6 •59 --t------2!.!.:.H I - I -t-----!..:.ll..-----.t-----91.5
-------t It_..t--.-3!!.:.L-t-:.~lL-t---_--+---.-----
_10 I 744 .11 L--_l!!.:..!.L.~L------.-l1~L-I ...L...-.l=:-c:....-!.!..!_B L-..!.!12..:.L __
I I I I I I II-t +-+-__!!h_O--+_-!.~!!l.!--t-..-41----
-.1.L-----t 74].85 I 746 .3]---t-----2~!!!..---t_--<-.-~'I -_.-t--!.!.1l--....--i----~!..:.L---
I II ~_l_ll!.:._O ~~~_I ----1-1 _
I I 1 I I I I
_1_2 -+74 3.U I 14 6.H t---7 ~~----t-I +-4.22 1
/--I +-----t 82.l!----f--!.!!£ll.....t_-------+-
_....!.L...I 74 3.'5 .....-J.__--l.llitl__l_15 °.4 1 L L-1 !..:.!.L -1 !~!..:._0 _
I I I I I I I_L=--!LJ I -l-L __2!!L 1_·!!~!_1_1 ·1-._
Data Source:R&M and AOF&G field data.
~
Tabl.4 Calcul.t.d eBcap.m.nt hf BOckeye,ChUM and pink eal.on to epawnlng areaa betwee~
Talkeetna and Curry,1981
Slough no.or .tr.a.na••Calculat~d eBcapement (1981)1,2
Sock.ye Chua 'lnk
Slough 1 (RII 99.61 0 ....6 0
Slough 2 IRK 100.41 0 ....27
Slough 1B (RK 101.4)....2 0 0
Slough lA (lilt 101.9)....7 0 ....2
Slough 6A (RK 112.11 ....2 ,..11 0
Slough 8 (lilt 11J.7)0 50-98l ""25
Whhk.u Cr••k (RK 101.4)0 10 10
Cha ••Cr••k (11M 106.9)0 7 2S1
Total calculatad ..capement
to alough.and .tr....betw••n
Talke.tna and Curry ....11 ....574-1044 ....290
Total ••cap...nt (by ep.ci.al to .lough -total area und.r Curv.(number aurv.yed •day.lap••d between
.urveye/.tr.a.lif.).Stream lif.for chua 10 day.,BOckey.12 daya.(Seo Appendl.)
2 Total .acape••nt (by ap.cl0.1 to .tr.a.-peak total count per aile'•(.eti.at.d .trea.longth acceoalble).
Data sourc..rinal report of ADr'G,Adult anadroaouB investigatione,sock.ye,pink,ch...and COho.1981.I-'
VI
,
I,
Table 5 Calculated escapement of sockeye,chum ..ml plnk salmnn to sp....nln\l areas above curry,19BI.
Slough no.Or stre~~name C..lculated escapement (19011 1,2
Sockeye Chum Pink
Honse slollCJh (RM 12l.51 0 lIO 0
510u\lh Al (RM 124.61 0 157 0
Slou\lh II (RH 124.71 0 69 0
Slough 8A IRM 125.II 269 lll7 0
Slough 9 (RI'I 128.31 16 230 0
Slough 98 (RI'I 128.ll 225 t ...,'.21l 0
Slou9h 9"IRM Ill')l ...2 Ii,l02 0
Slough II (RM 135.ll 1,762 916 0
Slough 13 (RH 1l5.71 0 "'4 0
Slough 17 (RH 138.91 10 106 0
Slough 19 (RH 139.71 69 ,...l 0
Slough 20 IRl'l 140.11 -2 ....12 0
Slough 21 (RH 1t1.01 68 667 0
Slough 21A (RH 145.51 0 ",8 0
4th of July Creek (RI'I 1l1.01 0 1,800 (5 ml •90/.25 mll 5110 (5 ml ~29/.25 mll
Skull Creek (RH 124.71 0 100 (5 ml @ 10/.5 mll 80 (5 .i @ 8/.5 mil
Sherman Creek C""UO.III 0 180 (5 ml @ 9/.25 m1)120 (5 ml P 6/.25 mil
Indian River (R"U8.61 0 2,400 (15.1 @ 40/.2~mil 120 (15 .i @ 2/.25 .il
Jack Long Creek CRI'I 144.51 0 0 7 (5 ml P 1/.75 mll
~
Total calculated escapemeht to C1'
sloughs and streams abnve Cu~ry 2,41l 7,064 907
Total estimated escapement past
Curry I"D~~G datal 2,812 12,934 1,052
Ditference In estimated escape-
ment past Curry and calcul ..ted
escapement to alouqhs ,streams 199 5.070 145
Percent of esti~ated Curry escape-
ment accounted for in the aloughg &
streamS above Curey 85.8 60.8 86.2
Total escapement (by species)to·slough ~total area under curve (number surveyed x days lapsed between
surveys/stream 11fel.Stream life for chum 10 days.sockeye 12 days.(See AppendiK I
2 Total escapement (by speciesl to stream a peak total count per mllel K (estimated stream length accesslblel.
Data snurce:Fln~l report of ADF'r.,Adult anadrnmnus investigations,sockeye;pi~k,chum and coho.1981.
j -~_'I ~l'
..............,r--.....--
')"))
Table 6 P~opnsed channel dlmenslons and estimated excavation fo~diversion of ~equl~ed flows f~o.the
malnstem Susltna th~ough the head end of Sloughs 9 dnd 21 fo~spawnlnq sal.on and Incubating
eggs/deVins,at a p~oject flow ~egl..e of ll,400 cfs.
I j ~._-II
Slough nn.I Requi~ed Q th~ough I Dimensions of channel excavatlon II Estlmated excavatlon
I I head end (ets)I ttl d ..li.ve~~e9ul~edQ.,UtI "II (cubic yards)
I L ~wldth L.!""!_!!!P~~J --.!el)gth _Jl
~
-...l
5.756
9,052
Total·14.BOB
21
Transect 1 to a
point 300'down-
st~ea..in slough
Transect lout to a
point SOD'toward
the anainlltem.
I I I I II
I 9 I I I II
I t J 11---
I Transect 1 to a I I II
I point 920'do.m-74.0 I 3.59 I 920 II
I stru.in slough I I II
I 268 I I II
I 'transect lout to a I II
I polnt 700'toward 74.0 I 3.0 '100 II
I the ....instem I II:I II
I I
I I
I I
.I I I
I I I
I I I
I I 1 IIIII
I 20.0 1.89 300 II 422 I
I \I I
I 54 II I
I II I
I 20.0 1.B3 500 II 6B 1 I
I II I
I II I
I 11 IIIITotal-1,103 I
.I II I
I I I II I
18
Table 7.The size and eroding velocity of rock material
as related to bottom stability.I,2
Test 4
Diameter Diameter Weight Curve 3 data
(inch)(ft)(lb)(fps)(fps)
0.25 0.020 0.001 1.0
1.00 0.083 0.050 2.5 2
1.50 0.125 0.200 3.0
2.00 0.166 0.350 3.5 3
2.50 0.210 0.700 4.0
3.00 0.250 1.000 4.5
4.00 0.330 3.000 5.0 4
6.00 0.500 10.000 6.2
The above is in beds or Gumped for closu~e as an isolated
I:ube.
1.0 inch
2.0 inch
4.0 inch
=1.8 fps
=2.8 fps
=3.8 fps
'Using above figures and .6 average velocity (v)for bottom
velocity in a shallow stream.
v =2 =3.3 ips for I-inch material
:6
v =3 =5.0 fps for 2-inch material
:6
v =4 =6.6 ips fa'!"4-inch material
:6
lReference:U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Hydraulic design
criteria,Vol.2.Waterways experiment station,Vicksburg,
Miss.Prepared for Office Chief of Engineers.
2Weight of rock =165 lbs per cubic foot.
3Measured from bed material in place.
4Measured from material of an isolated cube.
l.
r
19
Table B Estilll4ted potential ..l",on egg deposition in Sloughs 9,19,and 21
under 1981 natural conditione and =1tigation conditions and estima-
ted potential !ncrea.e under mitigstion.
SlO\1oh no.
Estilll4ted total eg9 c1epoeition
under natural condition.(see
Tablea 9 ,13)
Eetimated total eg9 deposition
under Mici9.tion condition.
C.ee Tsbl.s 10 ,13)
E.timated potential increase in
.10019"production ""d.r mltiga-tion
9
15.471.000
C248'"
19
170.000
1.032.500
862,500
(607\)
21
2.355.000
2.912.200
557,200
(12H)
ir
Data saur<:e.AOF~field c1au an~~lnal reports.1981 and 1982.
aell.Milne.,Fiaheri.s handbook of eftgineerin9 requirements
and biol09icsl criteria.~rmy Carp.of Engineers,North
Pacific Divi.ion.Pnrtland.Oregan.197).
;;;.;.--
))
Table'"Carrying capacity of Slou9hs 9,19 anel 21 as ""l"ulateel from 1961 fielcl <lata usin9
population estimates,spawning areas and 0 2 requlreMent8 and potential carryin9
capacity under natural conditions.
)
Slough no.
Estimated useable wQttad
area under natural cnn-
ditions (see Table 11/
9
104,125 sq ft
(10/14/61/
19
1,700 sq ft
(9/26/611
21.
2).550 sq ft
(8/25/81 I
Estimated 1981 escapement
(see Table 41
Estimated spawning pairs/
females (1981)
Average no.eggs per
female (see Table 1)1
Estimated total e99
deposl Uon (1981 I
Chum
210
115
),000
)45,000
Sockeye
16
6
),000
24,000
Chum
)
),000
),000
Sockeye
69
)4
),000
102,000
Chum
667
)JJ
),000
99,000
Sockeye
68
)4
),000
102,000
Potential e99 deposition
,100 eg9s/sq ft in total
wetted area Icarrying
capacity)
Percent utilization of
useable area
est.l..Ued d.eW.MMn
potential depOsition
Estimated alevins resulting
from potential egg deposition
In total wetted area (carrying
capacity)
02 required for 100 alevins
per hour (mm)1 lsse Table 1)1
Estimated O~required for
potential alevins in total
wetted area
10,472,000
3.5
4,188,960
5,900
2.5,,10 a ....J/hr
170,000
61.8
68,000
5,900
4.0,,10 0_Jthr
2,)55,000
46.8
942,000
5,900
5.6,,101/....J/hr
No
Data source:IIDnG field data and flnal reports,1981 and 1982.
Bell,Milo C.,Fisheries hand~lok of en9ine~rih9 requirements
anel biollqical ceiter .d.Army Corps of Enqineers,North PacHic
Division,Portland,O,e90n.197)
---.....----
)
Tabie 10 Carrying capacity of Slnu...,hs 9,19 and 21 d9 calculated frulIII 1~)1)1 fitdfl data
...lth dn assumed upwelllnlj rat~lind usinr,Oe(lth,vclucity,slou(jh (luw dod
physical multiple spawning rtHJuirCIIlIl'tntB (per pillar dnft I~c 100 c~.qsJ under
mitigation oonditlnn8~
S!~u;h nn.
Estimated useable ...ette~
area under mitigation con-
ditions Isee Table 121
Wetted area allocated
/sq ftl
wetted area allocated
Iper centl
Area required per pair
/sq ftl
Toto I pairs/
females
Average no.eggs per
fe.male
Totol eggs deposited
Total advanced alevlns
produced /survival
rate .41
02 required for 100
alevlns /~3/hrl
02 required for total
a lev Ins produced /....)/hr I
"axlmum pntentlol egg
deposition'100 eggs
per sq ft
'j 19 21
259,442 11'1 ft 10,325 IIq ft 29,122 IIq ft
Chum Sockeye ChWll Sockeye Chum Sockeye
241,281 18,161 9,602 7J3 27,083 2,039
93 7 93 7 93
99 72 99 72 99 72
2.484 252 97 10 274 28
3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
7,453,061 756,706 290,977 30,115 820,710 84,939
N
I-'
2,981,224 302,682 116,391 12,046 328,284 )),976
5,900 5,900 5,900 5,900 5,900 5,900
1.8x10 1O 1.8x10 8 6.9x108 7.IxlO 7 1.9,,109 2.0,,10 6
2.40x10 7 1.8x10 6 9.6xlo5 7.2x104 2.7x 106 2.0x10 5
02 requ 1red for olev lns
produced from maximum
potential egg depOsition
I ...3/hrl
Estimated no.spawning
waves
5.6x10 10 4.3x10 9
2
2.lxlO'J 1.7,,106
2
6.4x109 4.8x106
2
Data sourcel ADF&C field data and final report,1981 and 1982.
Bell,M1 10 c.I Fi.aht"ries han,lbook of engine~rin9 rp.'luirements
and binligicclt criteria.Army Corps lit ~n~Jin~er's,North Pacific
Division l Portland,OUiHJOH.197).I,
22
Table 11 Calculated useable wetted area for salmon spawning in Sloughs 9,
19 and 21 under 1981 natural conditions.l
Slough no.9 19 21
Transect no.3-4 Below 5 to mid-3-12
point of 7 and 8
Date of data collection
by ADF&G 10/14/81 9/26/81 8/25/81
Calculated wetted area
(sq.ft.)2,3 104,725 1,700 39,252
Estimated percent of
calcu.lated wetted area
useable for spawning 10.''S 1{)O%'60\
Da{:.a source:ADF&G field data and planometric maps
2 SeE!App.endix D
3 Wit:h no surface inflow from river at upper end
L
23
Table 12 Calculated useable wetted area for spawning salmon in Sloughs 9,19 and
21 under mitigation conditions.
Slough no.9 19 21
Average width (w)74 ft 51 ft 40 ft
Average depth (d)1.50 ft 2.62 ft 1.50 ft
Estimated wetted perimeter (p)74 ft 52 ft 40 ft
Cross section area (A)110 sq ft 136 sq ft 60 sq ft
Length of section {L)6,150 ft 283 ft 1,195 ft
(1-S)(1-4 )(6-13)
Total wetted area of section
(wett~d P x wetted L)
Estimated percent oftatal
wettE~d area useable for
spawILing salmon
Estilllated wetted cU',ea available
for spawning
455,160 sqft
57%
259,440
14,750sq ft
70%
10,325 sqft
48,540 sq ft
60%
29,120 sq ft
1 'Es1:"imated average depth,wetted perimeter,area and length when river stage
~lals 13,4QO cfs and water surface elevation at slough equals 721.32 ft above
s eil leve 1 (transects 1-4).
Wetted area
Width p d Distance of se-ction
Tranl3e,ct 1 (51 to 64 ft)13 ft
49.5 ft 2.57 ft 79 ft 3,910 sq ft
2 9 to 95 ft)86 ft
81.5 ft 2.65 ft 100 ft 8,109 sq ft
3 9 to 86 ft)77 ft
26.0 ft 2.62 it 105 ft 2,730 sq ft
4 (25 to S1 ft)26 ft
14,750 sq ft
2 See Appendix D
3Depth was assumed to be the limiting physical parameter for spawning in Slough
19 as maximum velocity of the average cross section in transects 1-4 does not
exe-eed that required for spawning.Approximately 30%of the wetted perimeter
is not available as it is <.75 ft.
24
Table 13 Selected data ...ed to define ~wnin..and intra..ravel requir....ents
of Pacitic Salmon.1
r
l
.~.
Ran ..e of atrea..width (ft)
Ranqe in size and percent
compoaition ot aubstrate ot
spawn in ..beds
Avera..e depth of spawnin ..
substrate (ft)
Avera ..e depth and size of
material in under-bed
Avera..e velocity (tt/sec)over
beds
velocity of intra..ravel yater
(percolation rate)
Avera..e depth of YAter over
_pawnin..bed (ttl
Avera..e alope of a good
spawninq area
RAn ..e of rou..hness factor
of spawnin..bed (Hannin..' s
nWllberl
Avera..e spawnin ..flows
Averaqe incubation floys
A'Yel:'4qe fry removal flows
Dissolved oxyq..n de..and per
100 alevins
NWllber of e..qs per area of
spawninq bed (ran..e t
Area of spawninq beds and
defense area (sq ft)and
fecundity
8 or more
eo,.5 inch to 2.0 inch,balance>2.0 inch.
1.5
!.2 ft c:nars..qravel (!.3.0 inch dia..eter)
1.5
1.5
.0006
n ••023 to .025
2.25 cfs per ft of mean channel width
!.1.5 cts per ft of mean channel width
>3.0 cts per ft ot mean channel width
5,900 mm3 per hr @ 10·C
100 to 200 e ..'iS per sq ft
!lo.eqqs per
Species Area fe..ale
Chinook 216 5,500
~oho 126 3,500
Chum 99 3.000
Sockeye 72 3,000
Pink 60 2.000
!.
1 Data sour~e:Bell,Milo"C.,Fisheries handbook of enqineerinq
require....nts and bioloqical criteria.Ar..y Corps of
Enqineers,North Pacific Division,Portland,Oreqon.1973.
2 Data source:Hayes,F.R.,I~R.Wilmot and o.A.~vin9stonel
The oxyqen consumption of th..salmon eq9 in relation tn
developlllent and actiVity.Journal of Experimental Zooloqy
116(31.April,1951.
l
I
25
..
..u
~:
II:..
to1'
SOZ
SOl
toO
-;:.........-,.
.J...>~);"1
'''"~
<II
l.oe,.
~;::
~...~'"
".--
,,!--
"Z
!*'
90
Uh!Z 1000
----
.....\.,q,::\.
2000 !DOC 4000 :lOCO
CUMULATIVE DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM FROM Uh32 lfEETl
---................
6000 1000
23400 CFS
11000 CfS
1!400 CFS
9100 CFS
2000 CFS
CALJ:ULAT(O 111'5
8000
COMPARISON OF MINIMUM TRANSECT ELEVATIONS WITHIN SLOUGH 9
WIl'H CALCULATED WATER SURFACE ELEVATIONS (PERPENDICULAR TO SLOUGH
TRJ~NSECTS)AT THE LEFT BANK OF THE MAINSTREAM SUSITNA.
DATA SOUIICE:II 6 III AE:IIIAL PtiOTOGRAoHS AND AOf 6G TRANSECTS
FiGURE I
..u
f
l
r
l
f
'100 CFS
3_000 CFS
....
....
..u=z..
II:..
----t-------
......
II:
""
----+----+---+---~~--------_t_-_+'r_-_1-+__t_~:_+-_F~+-"':=O"od-+!_+u-OO CFS
7_~!i-----+-----I-----+-----------
H4
~~
7Q#'.---+-----;--------------'--------------.---"'l!o
'<....
.__...."--"~l''tr_,,+
Of.
0 .............
$(•..
r----'
n.
767
716
765
n4
713
71%.
761
760
'"~
7541
~7
~'-
!'54 .
7~3
E7~Z...
~
i:1~1>...-'
ce,...150 K-----+---..,..----+----+---~::__--f_-4__3c-+__+-H_1-.p..~--.::>"r+40.d_
It>17000 C~S....
~7."Jr-------'----..:.----'----+-----+---~.....=:...J..::!""_c +-1-1'-+'1"--+--+--+--+..
~7q}f-------'---'---+----
~...
i.h-7li---------------'---------t--------
r-3 f.I--------..:.----,----+-----+-------------------,----~
1q A--------..:.-----l----------,---------
7_'.If----~------------------'----------
7-0 _~=:::==3:==:::::;::tEi;=======::t:::===:i:::::::::==:::=t=:=:======:::::::::======~:==~i
]00()1000 1000 LlhS6 1000 2SOO
[
CU"'U~TIVE DISTANCE DOWNSTREAM OR UPSTIlEAM FROM LR.S6 [FEET!
COMPARISON OF MINIMUM TRANSECT ELEVATIONS WITHIN SLOUGH 21 II
WITH CALCULATED WATER SURFACE ELEVATIONS (PERPEDlCULAR TO SLOUGH I
TRANSECTS)AT THE LEFT BANK OF THE MAINSTREAM SUSITNA.
_____DA_T_A_SO_U_R_CE_:_R_IIi_"'_AER_IA_L._Pt1_0T_0G_R_A_""_S_AND__AD_f_IIi_G_TJl_AN_SE_CT_S ~
FrGURE Z
~--"----.
)"""\
.J
App~ndix A Estimated hydraulic head differences between mainstem water surface elevations
and minimum tllalweg elevations of transects within Sloughs 9 and 21 at
various river flows 1
'l'ransect Hydraulic Perpendicular
Mainstem tninimum head distance
Slough Transect Q at River water surface thalweg difference mainstem to
no.Date no.transect discharge elevation l elevation 1 6h transect
9 6/24/81 3 2.86 17 ,600 599.0 594.02 5.0 1,750
7/21/81 3 714 42,600 601.5 594.02 7.5 1,750
9/30/81 3 1.46 8,000 597.0 594.02 3.0 1,750
10/14/81 3 1.17 13,600 598.2 594.02 4.2 1,750
10/14/81 5 3.87 13,600 592.3 590.28 2.0 1,350
21 6/23/81 8 3.20 17,500 751.4 745.53 6.0 1,000
7/22/81 10 142.0 37,700 754.0 744.11 11.0 1,000
tributary
N8/27/81 above 2A .56 25,600 N/A 752.39 N/A ......
8/27/81 SA 2.10 25,600 N/A 746.15 N/A
8/27/81 7 5.12 25,600 753.5 746.32 7.2 1,000
9/5/81 11 6.3 17,000 750.4 743.85 6.6 1.000
9/29/81 6 .428 8,400 750.3 747.06 3.2 1,000
9/29/81 11 2.57 8,400 748.0 743.85 4.1 1,000
3/18/82 9 1.09 1,520 746.2 744.81 1.4 1,000
1 See Figures 1 &2
Appendix B,Slough 9 -Cross sections elf transe,ctsl-5
'El.nd profile of minimum bottom elevations
.-....~...~-'.
l
29
TRANSECT I
~,
I
-,
~~
"--.....~i 1'-""""
~I I I ,l I t !\;
,1 I j I '",;
I !I I I :1 !I f i I I iIII!j
.".10-;:-...
"'f/J'f...--~-..~d4D5
G
10
.:Ill
tOO 200 30Q
DISTANCE FROM GB LEFT BANK (FEET!
TRANSECT 2 I
;
!----'!\.J"""~."
,I....-I TI1 -
I ,;~
i ,-~--I
'10--;:107
::l_...--z
!:!-..
~~Q'"10
.:Ill,.
100 200
-Q
_101
:;;eoo...
~z,.o
;:-c
~.::--'"$92
DISTANCE FROM GB LEFT BANK !FEETl
TRANSECT 3 I
~i\.
1---,-f'\....H,
W"TE~SURFACE ELEY"TION 1Q/I4II:\"-......
'--
......."~-:
I I -I I
,
I !I
!I a §I i i
i !!
100 2lXl 400
DISTANCE FROM GB LEFT llAHK (FEET!
-601
600
h;:-
::l,.
"--sr-
z!:!--..
~--...~...-'"-I-••
.....T .-
r-'"I !
200
!
3lXl
TRANSECT 4
DISTANCE FROM G8 LEFT BANK (FEET)
CROSS SECTIONS OF TR,ANSECTS
SLOUGH 91
4
Gl-,.
100
30
TRANSECT 5q
f--
I--
-
-
¥ ' ;8',I !i j 1
ZOO JOO 400
OISTANC£fROM GB toEfT BANI<(fEETl
t"""'..
.........
~
zo
~...
..J...
CROSS SECTiON OF TRANSECT 5
SLOUGH 9
-N
603 ij "6OZ.44 •'3400 CFS---~CAL.CtJ....no _TE~SUAf"'U IJ'....IMST~(A..ILEfT S"'NK)
602'
'(7 Il[UTlV£TO TI1£UPf'EII "NO IJ'T~SLClUGH;::6OL~6 •ITOO CFS
601 --..
600 '"99 """"I
5911 .
'-...597"I
'"...
S96 "~S"'LIOl S""'W_G "'RE .....SU).JGH ,1,
S9!I ;~i
94 .,
~~Iv
S93 ..
'"~-.............Z..
MI2 '"~.......::;..---
!1St
I I !
1
I
L
f'
i,
1000 2000 DOO .000 ~6000
CUMULATIVE OISTANCE DOWNSTREAM fROM TRANSECT 1 (FEET!
7000
1
L
.P'ROFILE OF MINIMUM BO-rTOM ELEVAT10NS
SLOUGH ~9
~-.
(-
Appendix<C,Slough 21 -Cross sections of transects 1~13 and
lA-SA,and profiles of minimum
bottom elevations
r
~~
I
\
.
TRANSECT IA
~L
/
/-I -..-r
100
DISTANCE FROM GB LEFT BAMe (FEETI
150
TRANSECT 18
\
~--"'V-A---i'-./'"
I 1
T I
I
G81LJ ICO
DISTANCE FI'iOlIl GB I.£f'T BANK (FEETI
150
.50
TRANSECT 2A
'00GalLI
......-,-~""'"-7 ,/~,/
5 "/
5 \<j /
2 "-
I i
i!!I !
DISTANCE FRO!Il GB U:FT BANK {FEETl
TRANSECT 5A
_H---4---+--+----:::::I----+-l
-~;t;;;;t;;;;;t;;;;;j;;;;±h==:::::=:I:==========
G8IL!,00 150
DISTANCE FROM GB LEFT BANI<(,EETI
CROSS SECTIONS OF TRANSECTS
SLOUGH 21
IA 5A
~
l=~7...
~75li
~75!l
in04
~7'53
1'51
151
-TRANSECT I....-.
I I '"I I ~.--..-----I I I""'".----;-\.I
!I I ........---../.1 ,
!!I I ~!,
;
!I ---
iI;I
i i I i :I 1 I II
,
100
DISTANCE FRCN GB l.£H BANK (IFEETl
I~
TRANSECT 2
;::-w
~
:~GeQ.~;;;,;;;t;;;~;I;;;;~~I;;==_::j:===:;~;:::::=:::c==:::a:::=======:=::::;;,00======Z::=======:::,~50==iI..
DISTANCE FROM GB LEFT BANK {F'£ETI _
100
DISTANCE FROM GB L-~.BANK 'IF£ETI
GSILI
157 TRANSECT :3
I15li
15!l ~E I
no4
m 1"'-0------TSZ .
-"",tlt ~&C(tU:VATIOtl ...5/1'\
~I
J ....r--....'\7 /r--
............./
7...j .....""'---./
7~
I
;::......
~
!,.
TRANSECT 4
I
,
,.....,,,
1---"""./F---j
I
I,WATtlt SUltFIoCE aEVATION 91511'./---1
I -1
I """'""",-"---.....i
----<-,....-I ;
491 I iII:::i I !I
7
_75!l...
:::n04
!:
z7'53
o
;:::TSZ..
~1"5....J
...~
GalLI '50
DISTANCE FROMGB L.EFT BANK (FEET)
CROSS SECTIONS OF TR.ANSECTS
.SLOUGH 21
4
f"
f
I
!(
I
I
[I
i ,
I
j
l
I
I
I III
I
I
I r-I
i
I
!rI
i i
[
!
i fi
i
I
I l
i lI
I
!li
I
!lI
I
!
l
f
!
!
l
I I
I
I
,
l
150
TRANSECT 8
TRANSECT 1
TRANSECT 6
100
OISTANCE FROM GB LEFT BANK (FoE£Tl
....TER SLM'&CE ELEVATION 915181 \
\
.ATER SURFACE ELEVATION 9151S
GIILI
~"'-....
...............~SlMFACE EU'iATION '~7
1_'<;7
.-
I
I ;d
747Jt----+---f---+---+---f---+---+---1--...::.:::=:...,..~--~1----~-_+_--~
'M5H----+---f---if---+---+---+---+-----l---1
-m
_75Z..t!15'
;150
!2 lOW':c~:
144
745
TRANSECT 5
DISTANCE FROM G8 LEFT BANK (FEETl
CROSS SECTIONS OF TR,ANSECTS5 8
SLOUGH 21
DISTANC£FROM GB LEFT BANK (F£ETl
DISTANCE FROM GB LEFT BAN~:(F-EETI
1"'ii---+---+--+--+--+---+---1---4
~~~;t;;;;;t;;;;d;;;;;;~t;;;;t;;;b::t==~:;;:=~==~==~
GIILI 100 150
~lowH--~:c~7...lt-----t~s;;:;::±::;::;;;;;ii!!!=:::=!!!iO::;::;;;;;!!:!!!!ii!!!::~:--+_--_J.--~....'"147tt-----t---t---+---+---f-----+---+---l
,-----------------
1 ~:
l:lT2
!!o
z 15"
S150&----\
!14'M-----4'l,.....
'"1'Oe &---+-\.
15',jE
",150...
-1'l,"J;-----:,
z
27...&----+...':c~7007.H---+----l--''=-....
iOl1'06~---+---t--.....:f::==roo:;;::::::::====:;::=::::=;::;::;>o"!~-j
/_~l
E7S)
W~.,.
~,">-~~1..,...
TRANSECT 9
~!-
I--~),...--
"WATEII _rACE EU...ATIOIi "5te',
f--""Lr---f--
I I I I I I
a.a)50 100
DISTANCE FIlOM GB LEFT BANI<(FEET!
'50
7'5t
151
150;::
tl T49...--!,.T
4[;'44
..~5
,.,
~TRANSECT 10
~\
"WATEIl SUMACE EU...AT10li .,5111l
\.f---
-
--Tj\/
~........
j I I,,I
G••U '00
DISTANCE FROM GB l£FT BANK (FEET]
,50
152-
15'
_150...
tiN...
~:It----+--'\.
,~l'O.H----+---~
w :t==j==j~:~t==tt2f:==:j:==~§~~e::=r:::==!~=t
DISTANCE FROM GB L..~BANK (FEET]
.T.Rf'.NS£CT II
15'
TRANS€CT 12
~~-~r'\L \
••TER SUIlrACE EU....Tl0N '115/81
\
I\l-I--
"I--
\/'
\\0-J I I I I III i ,;.1 !!
GalLI '00
DISTANCE FROM GB LEFT BAHI,(FEETl
CROSS SECTIONS OF TRIANSECTS 9 12
SLOUGH 2,1
36
~,
m ~-;::
~,.
to.-,.7
~-!;(',,-~~llI!
..J
"'~
N
14l.
G81LI
TRANSECT 13 Ef
I-!
'-I
-
--J
...............'
I I
100
DISTANCE FROM ~8 LEFT BAHlC (FEETl
CROSS SECT,ION OF TF<ANSECT
SLOUGH 21
13
r
C-.....
~:~.
W..
Z
~,,1'DO~======:!!!l!=:::2000~==========?25001000500o
Ie ..K 'N..
i'-..v...
""-
..z..
'l
..........r---......
.....................
r-...............
f .-'---i J-:.....
I I i --,...
I I
1'47
"'"_753...
::ll'2
to.;151
~~
'"~1'It
..J"',..
CUMULATIVE DISTANCE DOwNSTREAM FROM TRANSECT IAlF:EHI
\
t
L
2000tOOO1'DO
CUMULATIVE DIST...NCE DOWNSTREAM FROM TRANSECT 1 IFE'ETl
o
'V '4500 Cl'S I-I..u....N"'Z .....
'"v :......r-........'\7z "400 CFS
-roo....::'\7 9700 CFS
""'-~SALIIIO"SPAWNING AR!:A IN SUlUG",I
I
;..
"r--..t;..,
III ......i.....~u
I z ..........v ..,0::Z ................I.....~::z ".......2 Ir--;_"'vt\l:...~~.'",.~I I .....r:--......::..'-'....Z ~v.
i I I I ~..
lll''";:ZI
'"C
I !I I i -r-:-::'i
_.
i
-
~l'2...
~15
Zm
o
;=749
'"1::;7"e
..J
...747
PROFILES OF MINIMUM BO"fTOM ELEVATIONS
SLOUGH
Appendix D
37
Estimates based On calculations of wetted area in Sloughs
9,19 and 21 under 1981 natural conditions.1
Total calculated
Section Calculated wetted area wetted area of
Slough no.(transect x-y)of section (sq ft)slough (sq ft)
9 3 to 4 60,350
4 to 5 44,375
104,725
19 Below 5 to mid-1,700 1,700
poi.nt of 7 and 8
21 2 Above 3 to 3 186.7
3 to 4 2,993
4 to 5 5,547
S to 6 1,931
"6 to 7 4,551
7 to 8 5,'639
8 to 9 7,152
9 to 10 3,850
10 to 11 4,851
11 to t2 2,551
39,252
Data source:AOF&G field data and planometri.c maps.
2 See Appendix C
,Appendix E Methodology used in calculating estimates of total salmon
escapement to sloughs and streams.
Methodology for sloughs
Total spawning escapement =Calculated area under the curve/stream
life.
Example for calculation of area under the curve and
escapement to slough
10
0 9,
I
K 8
C.I
::r:7 --Itn
u..6 I I
ILl 5 I I>
..J 4 I I8,
LL.---I I03
a:2 I I C I
tLl
OJ I I I~I::>I 8 I Iz
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
CUMULATIVE DAYS FOR
OBSERVATION OF UVE FISH
FIGURE f
i
I·
Total area under the curve =2 (A +B +B l +C +Cl )
l
Where:A =30 x 10 =150
2
B =30 x 10 =300
B 1 =40 x 10 =200
2
C =70 x 10 =700
Cl =20 x 10 =100
2
Total area =2(1450)2900
39
Example for estimating stream life of a salmon wave
PEAK PEAK
LIVE COUNT DEAD COUN'r
TIME A TIME a1-------
\
l£..o
a:
1LI
CD
~
:>z
,,,,,,
#
I
I,,
'",,,....,.....
",..
\
\
\
\
\
~I
CUMULATIVE TIME
FIGURE 2
Time lapsed between peak live (A)and dead counts (E)
approximately equals the stream life of a wave
case 1:Sockeye
Where stream life =12 days
Estimated escapement =2900
12
=242 fish
case 2:Chum
Where stream life =10 days
Estimate escapement =2900
10
=290 fish
Methodology for Streams
Total spawning escapement =(Peak total fish count/mile)x (Estimated
miles of stream length utilized).
Example o£:calculating stream escapement -
Total number live and dead fish observ,ed per .5 miles =10 fish
Total count per mile =20 fish
Total miles utilized =5 miles
1·
Thus total estimated spawning escapement =(20 fish/mile)x (5 miles)
=100 fish
References:Atkinson,C.E.,The problem of enumerating spawning populations
of sockeye salmon.International Pacific salmon Fisheries
Commission,New Westminster,B.C.1973.
Washington Department of Fisheries,1979 Puget Sound methods
for escapement estimation and proposed escapement goals for
natural chum salmon stocks.prepared by the Harvest Manaqement
DiVision.1979.
limes,J.Personal communication .Apr i1 1982
i
I
Appendix F -Graphie pr~sen~ations used in determining
sockeye and chum salmon escapement to slough
areas above Talkeetna,by area under the
curve methodo1ogy1,2
l See Appendix E
2Data source:1981 ADF&G salmon spawning surveys
(see Appendix H)
300n--------r--------.--------,---------,,---------,--------,-----
I SLOUGH 8 (RMIi3.7)
I Iz~o F;......:--------I--------+-------+---------ti,---------+-=::-=------'-----4
:c ZOO."f.~_:_;;::~~w_:_:-::r~~_:_t::F.:.;>_:_i~f~t~~~~::~:l::~=-=C=,,-=!Alt:_:=~~"""r_-+--+.___:.....;._;_~_E'::_WC_:_~_~_A_~_T~~:3CJ:!!:1~~~:.'/9I~10~;_9_83_Z_/IO__i11
~l.~l _...il ------\i i~i t!'ill •II
i!l :1 \:SHADED AREA IS A"ESTlWATE Of AREA.~[f I \i II'IT IS .t.sSUW[D THAT ...PE:AK COUNT 'I
~100Itfi.;.;.;.~;;_;.;.;;.;..;.;.;.;.;+;;;_;.;+-----.L---_+-~------_+------.---:.--------_+'.JW!lOULDIJo!l.ll~_CUR!lED·IO DAYS
z ._:.'11 I \;f:ARLIER.AND TlIE POINT Of INT[R-
:CEnlON Of A STIIAIGHT LIN[PAO.lECTEO
~,II \THflOUGH 197 AJt:J ZI9 TO THE VElITlCAL I
~O :l I AXIS -ZSI fiSH,_.~
~l :---T.!------~!I'
J :;i '''l I
(
I.
10 20 30
CUt.lULATIVE DAYS
40 50 60
ZOOln------~------I---------------...
I
!
,MOOSE SLOUGH '(RM 123.5)
---CtYW
TOTAL AA£A .3101
-ESCAPEWENT •3'01/'0 •310
..
I
I
I
I."I
I
I ""r--,-------~:::_-:_:":_=--=--,=-.,,---...,.:"'~-
H---------'-------...L.---------------.----.
100._
'">:::;...o
ffia>
~~OH----
z
:c..,
i::
\0 ZO 30
CUMULATIVE DAYS
50 60
[l
60
SLOUGH Al (RM 124.6)
Q!!!!!.
TOTA"AREA ..1~71
-ESCAPEW[NT •1~71 /10 •1~7
4030
CUMULATIVE DAYS
ZO10
...'--'1'
H----~----------------------------------
ESTIMATED F1SH ESCAPEMENT
SLOUGH 8,MOOSE SLOUGr~AND SLOUGH A1
loon--------,.--------..---------,--------....,.----------,---------.--_----..,
I SLOUGH A (RM 12.4.71
I,.-:>:
'"~
\oJ
~50!'t----------:-----------------------------------c-::-~-----------
"-i :~
o 21 24 CHUM 20 .TOTAL AREA •69~
~~-------~I ~I-ESCAPEMENT I 69'1I0-69
i
10 20 30
CUMULATIVE DAYS
350;,.-...,-..,......,-...,...-----
I I ~Q I I SLOUGH SA (RM 125.1)
._---_.•...--_.-._------_..
.l:l1WIl
TOTAL AREA.3868
-ESCAP£MENT •3868 '10 •387I~\I
250:1+---......;.------------.,...---i-~\~---I-----------t----·-----::cSOC:---K':":"y-=E-----------
~~~~.=
;;:i-ESCAPEMENT •~~,12·269
~2ool1+----------------~--1I"_-~r__-_+-------~-----.--.~:'70 \a:~~~.
~150-------·------I.~
~I "'"•Z I •
I
loott-------------------~-------'\t_------·-----------------------~._-------\~.~
501!l----'--------------_~~;=_-=-=--=--=--=-;.;:-:.:-:.:-::;-=--=-'t-"I'..~l'C:_--C''''-f..::lr~...,..---------_--_
I~"l------~.-~~__,:=;x-----.-~.-
'0 20 30
CUMULATIVE DAYS
<0 50 60
--_._.--_.---------------
L-I ,~..
i 200>H\.~------'------------·-·-·----··--_...
I:>:\j!!?
1"-I \oJ 150H---~---------i~\v~j15
!a:'00,1+------'\;-------i~\,ZI 50
I
SLOUGH 9 (RM 128.31
TOTAL AREA'230<
-ESCAPEMENT'2304/10'230
TOTAL AFlEA"190
-EsCAPEMENT •190/12 •16
-
'0 20 30
CUMULATIVE DAYS
<0 50 60
ESTIMATED FISH ESCAPEMENT
SLOUGHS A,8)A AND 9
------------------
60300030
CUMULATIVE DAYS
ZO
!~I '
:TOTAL AR(A.ZI26 "!....--.!~,,SLOUGH 98 (RM 128.3)i -DCAP€ICMT·Z26/10 ./r----~-_':-::=T'--'~,
,.213 ./,"r------r I -.
<47 • _I r-_-----:.:-2-..~1
,••- - - -T'- --J_~,I,'I ............
, , ' I "I·............
-----'----.,'I ,L ...I I !,I I I 1-------..,..-...-.'____.
'I,1 1 4 ===-
10
~
TOTAL .ufA •2llH
-t:SCAPOIIEMT·2119ll11Z
·ZZS
100
dz
150n--------,----------,-------,----------,------------,---------,---,
60
SLOUGH 9A (RM 133.3)
500030
CIJMULATIVE OAYS
ZO'0
:r
'"~1001}'r---------+==----------------------.--------j£~...>
:::i
i5 50}'j'r-------+---------,=-""""=-------+---"""'C:""----------,~_=Ta:
!
t
r
I SLOUGII II (RM t35.3)~IIITOO 7";../,7,\
650 I+----------J;-~..,::-,;-~"::EY:-A E"'"fIE-A-.-ZI-I38---'-----------;--.~-----:-"-~-~-------=r-~\-----.-~ARE::916-:-------
6OOH-----------1l-::_:r.o......"""..n.....'IIIl.......I'llr=......",II",,"-;,/ml"'-;;."'''''''''-'''------'--IT.-:---------:----..~\-£seAP£i.iEjiT;'9i~916--'-
"0 .
500H-----------,,..--------->----------f:1-+--__:d_~.-..---------------J 1 r--------~
§030 -,---------}1o~:til~i;f·----'--+:------------i--r\;,'
1M 40!~I I I \.
~000 ...........m.',~'I -'I'--Y-~'~":~!/r~7--1 i -r \
~3OO--+-------,.L--+----r T -~-
z '":2...,L·---__~::'1~-----~70
Z30 '"/::-~--;--:~
ZOO ----i -------...----~./-T----r-----.--::-__d_---;--':,_
'SO :.,n"J/"'";--------r :\
':;./f'"-.g//,~::,_-L,-_-_-_.,i-_-__-~"'ir.----_-_-_~~.
V "~"~------~---~:'
,j'ii~,i J I'I '\;
un -!I ! :_I
10 ZO 30
CUMULATIVE DAYS
<0 50 60
l
ESTIMATED F1SH ESCAPEMENT
SLOUGHS 98,9.A AND 11
-'
'00 r--
~;;:
~
::::;50
~
ci
Z ,SOO<[YI'
'0
I
...J
ZO
,-'0;--~-=::=::-k------
_0
SLOUGH 17 (RM 138.9)
~
TOTA~AREA 'I()')~
":£Sl:liI'OlENT,=m Clll6 -
SOCKEYE
TOTA~AREA ',,_
II -ESCAPEMENT J It4-/t2"11 ~o
I
~O 60
CUMULATIVE DAYS
'SLOUGH 19 (RM 139.7)
.~
TOTA~AREA •833
-ESCAPEMENT •833/1Z •69
l~>
::::;50.
'0 ZO 30
CUt,lULAT1VE DAYS
50 60
SLOUGH 21 (RM 140.1)
350 -Q!l!!!.
TOTA~AREA •6669
-ESCAPEMENT'6669110 •667
60
~
TOTA~AREA'817
_'E5'CAP£hlENT •817 nz 11 68
~O_0~O
CUMULAT,VE DAYS
>TO
ZO
I,
I,,--------
--------.....1
I
I
I
I
10
,
I
I
I
I,
I<".I ......
.......-,It.I"--'
'I _ '__?'
300 ---
100
~Z50
;;:...
>
::::i ZOO...o
'"...m
~150 -z
c.
ESTIMATED FISH ESCAPEMENT
SLOUGHS 17,I~~AND 21
Appendix G -Areas under the curve calculations used to
determine sockeye and chum salmon escapement
to slough areas above Talkeetna1 , 2
l See Appendix F
2Data source:1981 ADF&G salmon spawning surveys
(see Appendix H)
L
.i
47
,"W"'.Slough.B (RM 113.7)
Chum
lOx219 =2,190
lOx32 =~
2 2,350
7xl97 =1,379
7x22 =71
2 1,456
8x46 =368
ax1S]=~
2 972
Wt!±§=138
2
Total =4,916x2 =9,832 =983
10
or
Total =4,91~-2,350 =2,S66x2 =5,132 =513
10
Chum escapement =513-983
r
48
/~Hoose Slough (RM 123.5)r
ax91 ::728 [ax45 ::~
2 908
8x20 ::160
ax71 ::m
2 444
I.
9xl4 ::126 I
~::27
2 153
6x1 ::6
6x13 ::~
2 45
J:&::1/2
2
Total ::1,5S0.5x2 ::3,101 ::3101 chums l10
~
r
l
-'
..
Slough Al (RM 124.6)
49
8x35
~
2
=280
=.a!la
628
9x35 =157.5-2
Total =785.5x2 =1,571 =157 chums--ro'
[.
SO
Slough A (RM 124.7)
2x13 =13
[2
8x13 =104
f~=--ll
2 156
8x24 =192 r~=---!,
2 200
12x20 =240
l2x4 =....2.!i
2 264
6x20 =60
2
Total ~=69 chwn
10
f
\
l
l
I
I
I
,
,j
:j
Slough 8A (RM 125.1)
Sockeye
25 days
ax87 =696
8X83 =332
2 1,028
9x23 =207
9x64 =2BB
2 =495
6x6 =36
fuY.Z =51
2 87
~=6
2
Chum
51
Total =1,6l6x2 =3.232 =269 sockeye
12
8xS3 =42~...0
:.:::.-8x277 =1 ,lOa'':~
2 1,532
9x2 =18
~=~
2 401
~=1
\~2 Total =1,934x2 =3,868 =387 chum
10
52
Slough 9 (RM 128.3)
Sockeye
8x6 =48
~=-a.
2 56
8x2 =16
8x4 =16
2 32
2x7 =7
T
Total =9Sx2 =190 =16 sockeye
12
Chum
8x38 =304
IBxl74 ~
2 1,000
.axa.e.=1 S2
2
Total =1,lS2x2 =2,304 ..230
10
I
L
-~._._-----....,..._---------------
Slough 9B (RM 128.3)
Sockeye
llx27 =114-8.5
2
12x27 =3214-
l2x2Q =.!2.Q
2 4414-
14-x14-7 =188
~=-M.
2 256
8x71 =56B
~=~
2 608
8x62 =14-96
8x9 =-1§.
2 532
53
Chum
~=7
2
8x2 =16
~=64
2 80
SU8 =114-4
~=--2l
2 236
8x14-1 =328
~=1014-
2 432
14-x67 =268
14-x20 =~
2 308
8x14-8 =3814-
8xl3 ='52
2 .",.~14-36
Total ::l,063x-2 =2.126 =213 chum
10
7xl5 =
~=
2
105
li5.S
220.5
7xlS =52.S-r-
Total =2,698 =225 sockeye
12
54 f
Slough 9A (RM 133.3)rChum
27x67 =905.5 r2
8x26 =208
8x41 =164
2 372
8x26 =208
8x29 =116
2 324
8xS5 =44'0
8x8l =324
2 Wi'"
7x35 =245
7xlOl =353,5
2 598.5
~=52.5
2
To~al =3.016,5 =302 ···chums
10
55
Chum
~:x403 =806
2
lOxlBl =1,810
~.OU77 =885
2 2,695
Tot~L =45BO.5x2 =9.161 =916 chums
10
10
30
81
III
288
670.5
958.5
Slx32 =
~~
2
~=
2
Eix5 =
J;jx27 =
2
Slough 11 (RM 135.3)
Sockeye
WOO =300
2
4x50 =200
!t1QQ.=100
2 300
l2x50 =600
12x208 =1,248
2 1,848
5x2SB =1,290
5x1l5 =297.5
2 1,577.5
5x373 =1,865
5x237 =592.5
2 2,457.5
1Ox:610 =6,100
10xl00 =500
r""'.2 6,600
9x468 =4,212
9x242 =L.Q!.2.
2 5,301
6x270 =1,620
6x198 =594
2 2,2~4
l '
4x27Q ='540
2
Total =21,138 =1,7£2 sockeye
12
.-Slough 17 (RM 138.9)
Sockeye
8x3 =24
.8x3...=li
2 36
1x3 =21
'l'ot:al.=51x2 =114 =10 soclceye
12
56
Chum
6:lC9 =27
:2
15x9 =135
lS:1C.23 =112.5---:2 307.5
5:(32 =160
j;,,4 =-l1l.
:2 170
8:,,30 =240
~5E..=~
:2 264
8xl7 s 136
alLU =52
:2 188
8'~4 s 32
~iU.3 =52
:2 84
~4 =14
:2
To~al :=1,054,5 =106 chuas
10
[
Slough 19 (RM 139.7)
Sockeye
1lx.l3 z 143
15x.l3 =195
15x7 =~
2 247,5
8x20 =160
8x3 =-1.l
2 172
ixl2 =96
~z~
2 140
8x8 •64
8x4 =II
2 80
7x4 =28
7x4 =~
2 14-2
.!lx!=8
2
Total =833 z 69 sockeye
12
57
58
Slough 21 (RM 141.0)
Sockeye
8x32 =256
~=2~
2 280
7x3 =21
~l:101.5
2 122.5
~=6
2
Total l:408.Sx2 =ill =68 sockeye
12
ChUl1l
'7x~3 =301
13x43 =3~4
!~=364
2 708
13xl34 =1,072
J3x136 =~
2 1,616
13xl56 =1,2~8
Jaxll!l.=456
2 1,704
~l5xl56=2.340
2
Total =6,669 =667 chums
10
...
'.;~.
.-------------
Appendix H -Alaska Department of Fish and Game salmon
escapement surveys of streams and sloughs
above Ta1keetna1
1Data source:ADF&G Final Report:1982
r
60
r
~PPENDIX EJ
ESCAPEMENT SURVEYS OF STREAMS AND SLOUGHS
,.
!.
-'..•'III •..•-.~....
... .-.....··:t ".",-;~."...•...-....'.~..':.......'
...~~..,;.",::":..~.'.-.......".."
,
•':.1,...
___________........~,__w ~~
--"--_..-
),)
t;:
,."
Table fJ-l.Escapem'.surveys conduct~d on S~sitna River sloughs between Chulitna River 'and Devil Canyon.
Adul t AI 'lrolTX>us Investiga~jons.'Su Hydro Studies.1981.
,',
--_._..------~--_.-~
·i~...ADUL T SAUIlN COUiTS
"
SLOUGII 'i,SOC~~YE PINK CHUHRIVER'VEY PERCENT ',,',
tlO,/llAI1f MILE DATE Cl :nONS SURVEYEP '"LIVE DEAD TOTAL LIVE DEAD TOTAL LIVE DEAn TOTAL-.._----
"0':Slough I 99.6 8/2)r 50 .,.....0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6/29 'r 100 •0',:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/6 'd 100 t'·o ;0 0 0 0 0 2 4 6..·.t .
9116 :er 'lent 100 "o ;0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
9/24 h'lent 100 ..;0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
10/2 b dent 100 :.'"0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-------~-
'\
"
Slou!lh <'100,4 8/2 lr 50 ''0 '0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/21 'r 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0m8/29 (lent 100 -,0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 )
9/6 [lent '100 ',0 0 0 0 0 0 25 2 21'-9116 E lent 100 .".0'0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
9/24 [,lent 100
.o '0 0 0 0 0 1 4 5,;
10/2 E'Ilent 100 ",0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 )
.~-_.---,.._.~~
SlolJ(jh JIJ 101,4 8/5 r 100 0'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8111 r 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/21 'r 100 .,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/29 'r 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/6 [lent 100 1.'0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/17 E lent 100 1 '0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/24 [,Ilent 100 \",'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10/2 ,d 100 "0'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0'......-------,
Slollljli 3A 101.9 8/4 [lent 100 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/11 :r 100 '.7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0"
8/21 r ,lent 100 3 0 3 1 0 1 0 0 0
8/29 :r 100 ',0'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/6 r 100 .:.'1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/17 r 100 0 0 0 0 (I 0 0 0 0
9/24 ·d 100 "0'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
JO/2 r ,100 0',0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
._---------
"
"
"
..
')'J )
"
,.~---...,~..,
~
)":'\)F
Table EJ-l.Continue".
..•.
I-_.-.......:
..AOtA.T SAlHJN'COllUS"
"
,
,.
SLOUGH ..':SOCKUE PlNK CHUHRIVERSl'y PERCENT ,
/I0,/IIN1[MILE DATE COIlL:OKS SURVEYED ""LIVE DEAD TOTAL LIVE DEAD TOtAL lIV~DEAD TOTAL-----"
Slough 6A lI?,)8/19 Gc 100 ti"I 0 1 0 0 0 11 0 II
8/2)h 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 II
8/29 .ro •100 :1 "0 1 0 0 0 1 2 3, ,
9/22 bce 'It 100 "0 '0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.f:-".------
Slouqh 7 11),2 8/7 bce :,t 100 \,0 ..0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/19 Po 100 /,
0 0 0 0 0 0
0,0 0"m 8/~9 bee !It 100 ·0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,
'----~---"'"
Slough 8 113,7 0/7 PI'100 o'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/9 PII 100 ·0 ()0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/29 her It 100 ',0 I 0 0 11 12 25 219 49 268(.0,)I
9/5 Exel'It 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 191 105 302
9/13 Exer It 100 -::0 0 0 0 0 0 46 105 151
9/21 Exer.'I t 100 ,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96 96"9/28 Exel''It 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 16
Slough eD 121.8 8/1 F.-100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/7 her It 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Bi20 [IICf'IIi iOG 0 0 0 G 0 ......0 nUUv
8/27 Exel'nt 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-----_._--
Slough Be 121.9 0/1 GI 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0/7 PI 100 0 o '0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/20 PI'100 "0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
8/27 Excr Ilt 100 ~0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
--------,_....-.~--.-·i
I
"
.'0'
6
'.'
,"
"
').)"-
,"
r'
-
Table EJ-l.Conti nue(1 ,"........,
'i,'•
,.
_.~~........,.......-.'_:
AOlA.T SAUtJN COIJHS
~,"
SLOUGH t "~~nE PINK CHUHRIVERS~'t PERCENT
tiD.!I'/Mlt MILE DATE call IONS SURVEYED LIVE'DEAD TOTAL LIVE DEAD TOTAL LIVE 0£Al)TOTAL
-~,.'"~..--"
Slough 9 128.3 8/7 PI'10 a a 0 0 0 0 0 a a
8/11 fr 100 ~::.0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 5
8/20 :pr .100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/21 Exc-'mt 50 ..'.~.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a
9/4 Exc."nt 100 10 ~0 10 0 0 0 212 48 260
9/12 [XC"'lnt 100 6 0 6 0 0 0 38 JJ JI
9/20 Excc l!nt 100 t 2 8 10 0 0 0 1 15 16
9/21 EllCr.ent 100 "0 O.0 o :0 0 0'Z 2•I,
------.------'"t::',.
c....Slough 9n 129.2 6/11 Exc'"Ill 100 ,",21 :9'·"21 0 0 0 fi8 a 58".
B/23 hc'-cnt 100 41 0 41 0 0 0 83 1 90
I 6/21 Exc':ml 100 81 0 81 0 0 0 61 4 11
9/4 Exc'Ililt 100 .11 0 11 0 0 0 41 8 49c.n .
9/12 Exe'~nt 100 .:'.~62 0 62 0 0 0 18 8 26
9;20 Exc"lln~100 "49 5 54 0 0 0 2 5 1
9/21 Exc"lent 100 15 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
---.._~.,
Slough 9/\133.3 1/31 r·100 !,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/20 I'100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/21 Exc'ent 20 2 0 2 0 0 0 ~1 4 11
9/4 Exc"cnt 20 .'"1 0 1 o·0 0 26 36 68
9/12 Exc'ent 20 .r 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 4 4
9/12 r-80 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 5 60
9/20 Exc'ent 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 136 46 182
9/21 Exc":ent 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 59 114
---_...-.
~,,:~
S101l!)h 10 '133.6 7/31 Exc l!nt 100 0 O'0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/10 f'100 :0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0
8/20 Exc cnt 100 0 '0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/27 Exe r ent 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/20 Exr'lent 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
----_.._._------
,0"))~
"
Table EJ-l.Continuet ,,'
..
AOll.T SAUDH COLWT S
...'ii.
SIOIJGII RIVER S Y PERCENT '.SOCKEYE PINK •CHUH
NO./NN-IE HILE DATE CO/I,IONS SURVEYED ".'LIVE'DEAD TOTAL LIVE DEAD TOTAL LIVE DEAn TOTAL,
--_.....-----------..•.
Slough 11 135.3 1131 Exclnt 100'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/6 r,100 \':,100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/10 Ixe!'"nt •100 50 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/20 Pc'100 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 1
6/22 Excr nt 100 258 1 259 0 0 0 216 6 282
8/27 EXC''It 100 ""37J!5 318 0 0 0 403 8 411
9/1 he''lit 100 610 25 635 0 0 0 358 26 384
9/11 [)(C1 'nt 100...710 183 893 0 0 0 101,162 343
9/20 [XCI lIt 100 460 338 806 0 0 0 32 214 306
m 9/26 helot 100 ':.270 l33 603 0 0 0 5 27 32
'.'
L ..---.-.-.-.-"
Slouoh 12 135.4 7/31 Pi 25 ".'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
,8/6 P,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m 8/20 P,100 i.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-orn Exc""'It iOO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/4 p,100 \0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/20 Exc''It 100 '.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/26 [XC!nt'100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
~........._..~o_._._
Slough 13 135.7 7/31 P,15.,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/6 p,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/20 p.100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0/21 Exc'n t 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/4 r'100'0 .,0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
9111 hc.tit 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 I J
9/20 [xc'lit 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/26 Exc''It 100"0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slough 14 135.9 7/31 F:100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0/6 [xc'1t 100 <0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0/20 [XCI "It 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/27 hCI':lt 100 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/4 [xcr 'It 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-~~.~------...
II
Table EJ-l.Continue.,
..
....r
'"j,
"
"..,
)
ADUlT SAl~"COIJtTS
)
.SOCKEfE PINK "CHUHS\.OUG/l RIVER SUI'PERCENT '·.'hIVENO,INN-IE MILE DATE CONDI,-tiS SURVEYED .DEAD TOTAL LIVE DEAD TOTAL LIVE'DEAD TOTAL·-------_.--..-_.....'\'
Slouy"14 ".
COllt d,135.9 9/19 bee I'..100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
9/26 ElCcel;t '100 i'0 ,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.,.,;
,~;'
S10llljh 15 137,2 7/31 Goo-100 '..~'0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/6 POOl 100 0 0 0 0 0
O'o .0 0
8/10 Fal 100 .:0 0 0 0 0 0 O'0 0
rn 8/21 poo 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/26 Excel 100 ,',:0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
c...9/3 hcel 100 ,:.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
9/19 Excel t 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
---_..----
~Sioul/h 16 137 ,3 8/6 Poo'100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0/10 Poo 100 ',I 0 0 0 0 0 0 ""nuuOJ
8/21 Poo 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8/26 Poo 100 I.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9/J Fat 100 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 3 J
9/19 Excel ,100 0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.'.9/26 Excel I.100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,..~------------,
510U9"17 138,9 8/6 Excel 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 9
8/10 Poo 100 ','0 0 0 0 0 0 J 0 - J
B/21 Excel 75 0-1 0 1 0 0 0 J2 I JJ
6/26 Excel 100 \~0 0 0 0 0 0 36 2 38"
9/3 Excei 100 5 0 5 0 0 0 30 7 J7
9/11 Excel 100 6 0 6 0 0 0 17 Il JO
9/19 Excel 100 ~J 0 J 0 0 0 4 0 4
9/26 Excel .100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0,.'_.-...._~..----
!.
.'.
,',
Table EJ-l.Cont1nueti
-_._-_._-------------
'\1
:~..
•f;
.'.
0"
,,.
'..,
".ADlA.T SAUtJN COlmS
~.
SLOUGII
1I0./NAME
RIVER
MILE DATE
SUIl .-
CONOII IS
PERCEtlT
SURVEYED
·:1,"
SOCKEY:..::E"---__.
'.:',lIVE.DEAD .TOTAL LIVE
PINK
DEAD TOTAL LIVE
CHUM
D£AO TOTAL
-------_..,..._.....
Lj0
Slou()h 18
Slough 19
Sloul]h 2lJ
Slouyh 21
139.1
139.7
I~O.I
141.0
8/6
8/10
8/21
8/26
9/3
8/6
8/10
8/21
8/26
9/3
9/11
9/19
9/26
0/6
0/10
8/21
0/26
9/3
9/11
9119
8/6
8/10
0/21
8/26
9/3
9/11
9/19
9/26
fal r
Poor
Poor
Ellcell'
hee11 t·;t.
Excel I'
fa Ir
EKee 11
heel I'
hee II'
heell
Exee 11
heell',
Poor
Poor
Poor
hee11 '
Exee 11,
Excel i'
hee11't.
Poor
Poor
POOl
Excel;
Exee 1 ;
Exee I'
Exee 1 :
heell·
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
75
100
100
100
:.0
\~~:-0
· \ 0
.i.·'.:0
, 0·..
. 0·,";0
.13
,::.20
,23
12, 8
4
o
o
o
2
o,,'0
o
" 0
o
o
.'1
26
;:38
32
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:
o
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o
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6
o
2
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oo
o
oo
oo
oo
oo
1o
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ooo
o
'0
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13
20
23
18
8
6
o
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o
2
ooo
oo
o
I
26
38
33
J
o
o
oo
o
o
ooooooo
oo
oo
o
o
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o
o
o
ooo
o
ooo
o
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oooo
ooo
ooooooo
o
o
o
oo
o
oo
o
ooo
o
o
oooo
ooo
o
o
ooooo
ooo
oo
oo
o
ooo
oo
o·
o
J
oo
o
oo
oo
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10
12
oo
oo
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156
270
131
41
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ooo
o
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1
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1
2o
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4
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24o
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169
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Table EJ-l.Continuer;
':.'
·'J ~
,.'
·.i;~i·,
)
~.
'\
n
to
,,'ADUl T SAUON CO~TS".'
"
SlOUGII ;.::.SOCKEYE PINK CIIUliRIVEnsyPERCENT·"
HO./NAHE MILE DATE COIl IONS SURVEYED ..: .LIVE 'DE~D TOTAl LIVE D£AD TOTAL LIVE D£AO TOTAL----
Slough 211\145.5 8/26 pt·100 ,',
0 ·0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5,:
9/2 :Exc·~nt 100 ,..0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 8
9/11 Exc"ent 100 .;"0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
~':.....
'.
,.
,I
"",
"
t.
Table EJ-2.Continue,
·~
.'-.·•
)
~
.t
'"