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DEPARTMENTOFTHEARMYALASKADISTRICT,CORPSOFENGINEERSP.O.BOX7002ANCHORAGE.ALASKA9951028June1978Mr.EricYouldExecutiveDirectorAlaskaPowerAuthority333West4th-Suite31Anchorage,Alaska99501DearMr.Yould:Iampleasedtosubmitinresponsetoyour19JanuaryletterthefinalSusitnaPlanofStudypreparedbytheAlaskaDistrict,CorpsofEngineers,fortheStateofAlaska,underprovisionsofTitle3,theIntergovernmentalCooperationActof1968.ThereportincorporatesthecommentsdevelopedbyotherStateagencies,whichyouprovided,inparticularthosepreparedbytheDepartmentofFishandGame.Asaresult,theintensityofsomeofthebiologicalstudieshasbeenexpandedtohelpidentifythemagnitudeoftheresourcesthatwillbeaffectedbytheSusitnaproject.Thetotalincreaseis$1,886,000forbiologicalactivities.Tooffsetsomeofthisincrease,activitiesunderthecategoriesofsurveyandfoundationandmaterialshavebeendecreasedastheresultoftheexercisepresentlyunderwayattheWatanadamsiteinobtaininginformationasrequestedbythePresident'sOfficeofManagementandBudget(OMS).TorespondtoOMS'sreviewcommentsonthe1976FeasibilityReport,testboringsandgeologicaldataarebeingcompiledwhichreducedthecontentofseveralactivitiesoutlinedintheSeptember1977POSdraft.Thisreductionamountedto$1,150,000whichhelpedholdtheoverallcostincreaseto$736,000.Thetotalstudycostisnow$24.1million.ThepricelevelindexwasheldatSeptember1977.ThePlanofStudyretainedthe46-monthperiodtoconducttheprojectfeasibilitystudiesbasedona 1Maystart.Severalmonthsofadvancedpreparationwillberequiredbeforeinitiatin9theactivitiestoallow tfPAEN-USM"r.EricYould28June1978.earlymobilizationofacampfacilityandcommenceothercontractactivityactionstoassureimplementationatthebeginningofthesummerfieldseason.Thestudieswillinsu·reoptimalbasinandsystemgenerationplanning,alongwithareasonablyaccuratecostestimateforthefirstphaseofbasindevelopment.Thesestudiesre.presentapproximately25:percentofthetotalengineeringanddesigneffortenvisionedforatwo-damcomplex.TheactivitiesdefinedinthisdocumenthavebeendevelopedtOiadequatelyaddressdetenninationofprojectfeasibility.Theprojectfeasibilityanalysiisprogramdoesincludesuggestionsandcommentsreceivedfromvariousagencies,bothFederalandState,andIfeelthattheprogramwillprovidetheinformationnecessaryfortheStatetodeterminedesirabilityofpr:-oceedingintoconstructionofahydroelectricfacilityintheupperSusitnaRiverbasin.Sincerelyyours,2 YDIf'6.lPLANOFSTUDYforSUSITNAHYDROPOWERFEASIBILITYANALYSISPREPAREDFORTHESTATEOFALASKABYALASKADISTRICTu.S.ARMYCORPSOFENGINEERSJUNE1978iK)'1~5I~~A.:t3Y\QIl10l{~ARLISAlaskaResourcesLibrary&InformationServicesAnchu.dk..Aldska ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThisplanofstudyforSusitnahydroelectricprojectfeasibilityplanningwaspreparedwiththeassistanceofpersonnelfromtheNorthPacificDivision,CorpsofEngineers;theSeattle,Portland,andWallaWallaCorpsofEngineerDistricts;theU.S.ArmyColdRegionsResearchandEngineeringLaboratory;theU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineersWaterwaysExperimentStation;theU.S.GeologicalSurvey;andtheGeophysicalInstituteoftheUniversityofAlaskaaswellastheStateagenciesthatreviewedandcommentedonthedraft.Eachoftheseagenciescontributedvaluableinputintheirrespectivefieldsofexperti'se.Also,thenumerouscommentsofferedbyagencies,groups,andindividualsduringpreviousfeasibilitystudiesofhydroelectricdevelopmentontheSusitnaRiverwerehelpfulinformulatingthisprogramofadditionalstudy.Coverphoto,showingPortageCreek3milesdownstreamfromDevilCanyonDamsite,fromtheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame. TABLEOFCONTENTSTitleEXECUTIVESUMMARYPURPOSEAUTHORITYPROBLEMSANDNEEDSPROJECTDESCRIPTIONENVIRONMENTALSETTINGTopography17Climate18BasinStreamflow18Geology20RegionalTectonics20Seismology21Vegetation21FishandWildlife22PRODUCTSOFFEASIBILITYANALYSISReportDescriptions23DocumentSequence2623Page1457917PUBLICINVOLVEMENTANDCOORDINATION28SummaryofPreviousPublicInvolvement28InteragencyCoordination29PROGRAMSU~1MARY31DESCRIPTIONOFPROGRAMACTIVITIES44Survey45Hydrology55Environmental85Economics91Recreation101PlanFormulation107PowerStudies137PowerMarketStudies131FoundationsandMaterials147 TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont)TitleDESCRIPTIONOFPROGRAMACTIVITIES(Cont.)Design175RealEstate217CulturalResources223FieldCamp227BiologicalStudies231Reports,Reviews,andPublicParticipation257AVAILABLEDATAGLOSSARYILLUSTRATIONS285289Figure1.UpperSusitnaRiverBasin,DevilCanyonandWatanaDamSite102.UpperSusitnaRiver'Basin,RecommendedImprovement(1976Report)113.WatanaDam,DetailPlan134.DevilCanyonDam,DetailP1ah155.ProjectFeasibilityAnalysisDocumentSequence276.RiverProfileShowingPotentialReservoirsandHydroelectricPowerPlants337.ProjectFeasibilityAnalysisProgramSummary358.ProjectFeasibilityAnalysisAccumulatedCostSchedule459.ProgramNetworkandActivitySchedule305Table1.TabulationofProgramActivitiesAccordingtoCostandYearofAccomplishment293ii of'study(pOS)prepared'bythe:AlaskaDistrictCorpsof~,EngineersfOTtheStateofAlaska.presents;aprogram:of·activitiesfor'projectfeasibilityanalysisofhydropower,development·ihtheUpperSusitnaRiverBasin~Itprovidesa~desc,riptjonofeachactivity,along.withacostestimateforitscompletion.ThePOSfulfillsaFederal.planningrequirementwhile'alSp'providHlgtheStateofAlaska.anover-..viewoftheplanning'activities'associatedwithalargescalewater.resourceproject~Th'eauthorityforproceedingwiththisjoinfState':'FederalplanningprogramiscontainedinSection,203oftheWater'ResourcesDeve~opmEmt,Actof'1976enacted\by'the94th.Congress.'f)Jl1dingforpreparationofthePOSwas.providedbytheStateofAlaskaon30,June1977.rExis,tiJlgeTectricaT'g'enerationwithinthestudyareaexcltJsively'byfossilfuelttJermalresources..However,ast~ese'resources>becolTlel11o,rescarce,andperhapsveryexpensive,and:'astheenergydemand,increasestoaprojected.15billionkiTowatt'hour'S;,bythe"year,200,O,/the.·,advantag'eof..non-cost~inflating,renewable."energy;',sychashydropower,becomesapparent.Afeasibi,lityreportcpmpTeted"bytheC6rpsofEngineersin1976outlinedanumber'ofalternative....Plans·fo'J1:.develOPing.th~.,hydropowerpotentialgf,theUPl)er~usitna/Basinandietentifiedthemost·economical.p1an;'.cons'istingof,asystemof;;'two',dam!?'':'-aL635-foot-high·concrete'thin.archdam'·at.DevilCa'1yonantl'jan810-foot-highearthfilldaliratWatana;with365milesof'trans;..,miss~on..line,~ThissystemiscapabTeofdevelop:ing6~]billionKilowatt;.hours,'offirm'an'nualenergy,'roughlyctrip·le.the,energy'corisumedtn..'...•...AnchorageandFairbanks"in1974.'.While:the1976feasibi1ityrepori:;:'.prdvieted,'sufficientdata·tosuIJPort·,·theneedand..•·economicfeasibi'lity.orap'lalltodevelopthe,hydroelettricpotentiploT.theOpper·$usitnf('Basin,·'itwasrecpgniz·ed·that'add'itiona1>fielddata.andmoredeta·iledstudiesWQuldberequirecl~.The:J;>QSoutlinestheadditionalstudiesrequiredtodeterminethe;mostcost~effectiveplan,aridits,environ,.mertalimpacts.The~acti\'itfes>outlfnedinthePOS.havea/totalestillla:tedcostof$24'.lmi11ionoveratimeframeof46months~.Thescheclun~tsb!i:sed·on,earlf/notfftcation,ofprogram;niti'ation"and..timeW'receiptof.)st4dyfundstoallowmobi1izationforfieTdexplorationspriorto thesummerseason'andarranaementsforaccesstothesites.Acri~ticalpath,methodnetwork(CPM),sho\'istheinterrelationshipofsome202activitiesandindicatesthoseactivitiesandtimingmostcritical·forcompletionoftheproJectfeasib5{ityariaJysis.Earlyacquisitionoffielddataabout,founda.:l:iOnconditio'1s,streamflows,'alldtopdgr.~phicsurveysduringthe.short'summer-months.isvery:important.".....:.....,..,'.-~DetailedFeasibilityStudies:Detailedstudieswould,.·onthebestplanidehti·fH~dinthe,preliminaryscreening.:Costsand'·benefit$wbuldberefinediusingmore'acc,uratedataobtainedfromong'oi,ng,fieldwork•..Thisse,cond$tep·isestimatedtocost$16..7million'and.be":complete'd:!n25monthsaftercompletion.oftheinitial'step.Astn;.',dicatedabove,additionalf--ieldworKwouldc,ontinueduri.ng.thtsphase,.ofthe<studyahd.thesecostshavebeen'includedinthesubtotaJof$]J>::7mi1Hon.Alsoincludedareconcurrent.activities.requiredfordeta'ileddesignstud:ies..CompletionofthedetailedfeasihilityreportWill>provideafinnbasisforr'ecommend.tngfor.oragainstconslruGtionof>'~theproject,)w.hetherFederal)yfunded,'StatesupportedunderSection203,,or,tot:a1]yfinanced'bytheStateof:Alaska.betailedDesignStudies:Assumingafavorableshowingoffeas1bHityinstep2,thelaststepwouldbe<detailed.designofa.nyd,a!TI~,power-houses;,accessroads,andsome365milesofdouble'circuittransmission,1inesaridsubstationstodeliverpowertotheAnchorageandFairbanks.",.Studymanagementofphysicalandfiscalprogressmustberigorously'.maintainedthroughoutthe46-monthperiod~Periodicprogressreports.and'areportofexpenditureswouldbeprovidedtheStateofAlaskafortheirinformat;on,anq.rev,Jew,•.:.The:~proj:ectfeasibnityanalysis'~ctivi,-tieShavebeenprogrammedthrough·three"progressivesteps:(1)pre-,1iminary.screening;Hnjdeta51edfeasibilitystudies,and:(-3Jdetaileddesign'studies'for~Jatana,acc;:essroad,andtransmissionsystem.:PreliminaryS,creening:"Instep'1ofthestudy,anumber,ofpotential•damsitesandcombinati,onsofdifferentdamsandheights.wouldbe,evaTuatedtoidentifythemosteconomicaland~.environmentallyacceptableplan"basedonapreliminarycalculationofbenefitsandcosts.Duringthisstudyphase,:the~e\stplanidentiJiedinthe1976'feasibHityreport,:Watanitconstructed·,iriiUallYfollowedbyconstructionofDevilCanyon,cwouldbereexamined.Thisfirststepisestimatedtocost$4.3millionandbecompleted'in7months.Inordertomeettheoverallstudy'scheduleof46months,fieldworkneeded:'inlaterphases,ofthestudyhasbeenscneduledconcurrentlywiththe'preHmtnarystudyphaseandthesecostsareincludedinthesubtotalof,$4.3million.Resultsoftheprelimtnaryphasewinpr'ovidethe,firstimportantdecistonpointas'towhether.thestudyshould.continuer-i,nto,thesecondstepofdetailedfeas,ibiTitystudies.'.,. },:3Atthe.end:of-any>ofthethree'pro'gramsteps,'Sus;tnahydroelectricdevelopmentcould~bedetermined,toJackeconomic,or,environmentaljusti·...ficatip.rr,,·.Such'aconclusdonwoUld.result.in··thetenminationof'the:...p1annJ.ngp.rogral1landinFe.deraliassumption'ofresponsibility-foriexpendedfunds.Otherwise,thestudyc,ostswould:beborneby,the.StateofAlaska.Assumtng;a.faYorabl~recommendation"detailedplansandspecifications'for··th,E;!.fjpstconstruction;contract,couldbeundertakenimmeddatelyther.eafter.,~loadcenters.A.c:Ietajl.edand.accurate.'costestimate.for.constructionoftheinitial.element.in'adamsystemwillbeprovidedtoenableadecisiononfundingandinitiation)ofconstruction.Thethirdstepisestimatedtocost$3.1/minionandbecompletedinanadditionaltimeframeofJ4roonthsaftericomplettonof·.step2.Theabove·estimates.of.cost·and>time,for.complettonofthethreestepsarebasedonthefinclingsandrecommendationscontattle(tjn'th,el.~76'....•.'....'fea.~ibilityreport,and.envisi.on•.~.continuattonofthat>'PJanri4n'gstudy····leadingtotneulfimate'constructionoftheprojeCt~,".,.',..i r'The'function,ofther'planofstudyistodelineatetheengineering,economic,social,andenvironmentalstudies;associatedwithpla.nningfortheUpperSusit"n.aRiverBasinhydroelectricproject,asaprelude'toStatepa'rticipatfonunderSection203of>the1976WaterResources'Deve]opmentAct.Thestudywillprovidea;descriptionof>activitiestobeperformed;anestimateo,fcostand.timeforaccompli'shmentofthese9,ctivities,anindic.ationofthe'~activityinter.dependence,.andascheduleof,programactivitiesthatcanserveasamanagementtoolduringthestudyeffort.ShouldtheState'ofAlaskadesiretoworkto\'1arddevelopmentoftheUpperSusitnaBasinouts=idethe.p'rovisionsofthe1976Water,ResourceDevelopmentAct,theplanofstudywill_servelasa.guideinassess';ngotherproposalsforanalyzingtheeconomicfeasibilityandenvironmentalimpactoftheproject.4\ AUTHORITYTheCorpsofEngineersisparticipatinginaccordancewithaMemorandumofUnderstanding,dated30June1977,betweentheUnitedStatesofAmericaandthe,Stateof.Alaskaforpreparationofa"StudyOutline,SusitnaProject."Thememorandumdirectsthat,liTheSecretaryoftheArmY,actingthroughtheDistrictEngineer,Alaska,shallprepareastudyoutlinefortheSusitnaProjectforthepurposeofdetailingtheScopeofWorkrequiredtoprovideengineering,environmental,economical,andsocialinformationrelatingtothesubjectprojectundertheprovisionsofTitle3,PublicLaw90-577,16October1968,theIntergovernmentalCooperationActof1968."StudiesconsideredinthePlanofStudywereauthorizedbypublicLaw94-587,entitled"WaterResourcesDevelopmentActof1976"enactedbythe94thCongresson22October1976.TheauthorizinglegislationprovidedfortwooptionsfortheconductofPhaseIstudies.Section160statesthat,IJThe;SecretaryoftheArmy,actingthroughtheChiefofEngineers,isauthorizedtoundertakethePhaseIdesignmemorandumstageofadvancedengineeringanddesignoftheprojectforhydroelectricpowerontheSusitnaRiver,Alaska,inaccordancewiththerecommendationsoftheBoardofEngineersforRiversandHarborsinitsreportdatedJune24,1976,atanestimatedcost$25,000,000.ThisshalltakeeffectuponsubmittaltotheSecretaryoftheArmybytheChiefofEngineersandnotificationtoCongressoftheapprovaloftheChiefofEngineers.IIThepossibilityforStateofAlaskafundingofPhaseIstudiesisprovidedforbySection203(e)whichstates,liTheSecretaryisauthorizedtomakeexpendituresfromthe[AlaskaHydroelectricDevelopmentFund]forthePhaseIdesignmemorandumstageofadvancedengineering5 anddesignforanyprojectinAlaskathatmeetstherequirementsofSubsection(a}(2)ofthisSection,ifappropriatenon-Federalpublicauthorities,approvedbytheSecretary,agreewiththeSecretary,inwriting,torepaytheSecretaryforalltheseparableandjointcostsofpreparingsuchdesignmemorandum,ifsuchreportisfavorable.FollowingthecompletionofthePhaseIdesignmemorandumstageofadvancedengineeringanddesignunderthissubsection,theSecretaryshallnottransmitanyfavorablereporttoCongresspriortobeingrepaidinfullbytheappropriatenon-FederalpublicauthoritiesforthecostsincurredduringsuchPhaseI.TheSecretaryisalsoauthorizedtomakeexpendituresfromnon-Federalfundsdepositedinthefundasanadvanceagainstconstructioncosts.IIFundswereprovidedforpreparationofthePlanofStudybytheStateofAlaskaon30June1977.6 PROBLEMS~NEEDS.MostofthepresentcommercialelectricalpowerintheSouthcentralRailbeltareaisderivedfromfossilfuelthermalandturbinegenera-tion.TheAnchorage-CookInletareahadatotalinstalledcapacityof504.8megawatts(~n~)in1976.Naturalgasfiredturbineswerethepredominantenergysourcewith434.9~1l~ofinstalledcapacity.Hydro-electriccapacityof45MWwasavailablefromtheEklutnaandCooperLakesprojects.Steamturbinescomprised14.5MWofcapacity,anddieselgeneration,mostlyin'standbyservice,accountedfortheremain-ing10.4MH.TheFairbanks-TananaValleyareacommercialutilitieshadatotalinstalledcapacityof222.2MWin1976.Oil-firedgasturbinegenera-tionprovidedthelargestblockofpowerwithacapacityof136.6r~w.Steamturbinesprovided53.5MWofpoweranddieselgeneratorscon-tributed32.1MW.Recentelectricalpowergrowthrateshavebeenintheneighborhoodof14percentannually,andalthoughtheseratesareprojectedtodeclineto7percentbeyond1980,theyear2000Railbeltpowerrequirementsareestimatedtobe15millionmegawatt-hoursenergyand3,170mega-wattspeakingcapacity.EstimatedRailbeltAreaPowerRequirementsCapacity(MW)Energy(GWH)19765692,55019808703,98019901,6707,62020003,17015,000Whileincreasedpowercapabilityistheneedwhichprecipitatedthe1972U.S.SenateCommitteeonPublicWorksresolutionwhichauthorizedtheCorpsofEngineersfeasibilitystudy,otherproblemsandneedshavealsobeenidentified.Theseincludetheneedtopreservenaturalareas,toconserveorenhancefishandwildliferesources,torespondtoprob-lemsofflooddamageandairpollution,toexpandrecreationopportuni-ties,andtoconservefossilfuels.7 Itwouldbepresumptuoustoassumethatanysinglewaterresourcesplancouldsatisfyallthewater-relatedneedsofaregion.Eveniftheplancouldrespondtothefullrangeofwater-relatedproblems,thereareofteneconomic,social,andotherneedsthatmustberecognized.Itisthereforenecessarytoselectamorelimitedsetofcompatibleneedstowhichthewaterresourcesplancanrespond.Inotherwords,theextenttowhichdesirablefunctionsofamultipurposeprojectcouldbedevelopedishighlydependentuponwhichvariouspurposesarecompatible.Needswhichtheprojectdevelopmentcouldhelpsatisfy,butwhichmaybecontrarytotheobjectiveofpowerdevelopment,includetheimprove-mentofsmallboatanddeepdraftnavigationconditions,augmentationofmunicipalwatersupplies,anddevelopmentofanextensiveirrigationsystem.Theplansforpowerdevelopmentarealsorelativelyunrespon-sivetothedesireforpreservationofwhatcouldbetermedthe"Alaskanwayoflife,1Iincludingpreventionoffurtherpopulationgrowth,pre-ventionofadditionalindustrialization,andcurtailmentofurbanexpan-sion.8 PROJECTDESCRIPTIONTheplanofdevelopmentrecommendedbytheCorpsofEngineersin1976consistsoftwodamsandrelatedreservoirsandpowerplantstobeconstructedontheUpperSusitnaRiverwithtransmissionfacilitiestoprovidepowertotheAnchorageandFairbanksloadcenters.WatanaandDevilCanyonwerethetwoprojectsrecommendedin1976.Thesetwoprojectscouldproduce6.1billionkilowatthours(kWh)firmannualenergy,800millionkWhaverageannualsecondaryenergy,and1,392,000kilowattsofdependablecapacitybasedona50percentsystemloadfactor.Watana,thefirstprojecttobebuiltunderthisplanofdevelopment,wouldconsi~tofan810-foot-highearthfillstructurelocatedatrivermile165.Thereservoirwouldextend54milesupstreamandhaveasurfaceareaof43,000acres.Thetotalstoragecapacitywouldbe9,624,000acre-feetafter50yearsofsedimentinflow.Theuseablestoragecapacitywouldbe6,100,000acre-feet.DevilCanyon,32milesdownstreamofWatana,wouldbeaconcretethin-archdamwithamaximumstructuralheightof635feet.ConstructionoftheDevilCanyonprojectaftercompletionofWatanawouldbephasedtomeettheprojectedelectricalenergydemandsoftheRailbeltarea.TheDevilCanyonreservoirwouldinundate7,550acresand28milesofnaturalriver,andwouldprovide1,050,000acre-feetofstoragecapacity.Intakestr~ctureswouldbesituatedtoallowamaximumpowerpooldrawdown~f175feet,butwhenoperatedinconjunctionwiththeupstreamWatanareservoir,DevilCanyonannualdrawdownwouldnormallybelessthan5feet.Thetransmissionlinewouldbeapproximately365milesinlengthcon-sistingofdoubletowers,eachcarryingasingleconductorthree-phasecircuit.About25percentoftheenergywouldbeprovidedtotheFairbanksloadcenters,with75percentbeingutilizedintheAnchoragearea.Abasinmapshowsthelocationofthetwodams(Figures1and2).DetailedlayoutsofDevilCanyonandWatanaareshownonFigures3and4.9 _r-I"o$7...·~..·~.,1J,~:i.\,.FIGURE1.ERTSsatellitephotographoftheUpperSusitnaRiverwiththegenerallocationoftheDevilCanyonandWatanaPro-jectsshowninthecircles.DevilCanyonproject,ontheleft,isroughly65milesupstreamfromTalkeetna,andWatanais32milesaboveDevilCanyon.ShownintheupperrightcornerofthephotoaretheglaciersoftheAlaskaRange,whichprovidemuchoftheflowforSusiunaRiver.10 I(l,\lII<.....lI,r:=;0...---:-.:"",U":;~."------LOCATIONMAPANCHORAGE,ALASKAALASKADISTRICT,CORPSOFEN:3INEERSSOUTHCENTRALRAILBELTAREA,ALASKALEGEND.lWI~....RESERVOIR_ACCESSROADTRANSMISSIONROUTE~onUPPERSUSITNARIVERBASINRECOMMENDEDIMPROVEMENT-/r-../~JLouiseRoadi"""O~1 WATANALEGEND~RESERVOIR~ACCESSROADTRANSMISSIONROUTE~onLOCATIONMAPALASKADISTRICT,CORPSOFEN51NEERSUPPERSUSITNARIVERBASINSOUTHCENTRALRAILBELTAREA,ALASKAANCHORAGE,ALASKARECOMMENDEDIMPROVEMENT\I~-.f""'(~('-1/'vI1520MilesWotonaAccessRoad(Proposed)10SCALE2200DistonclSrefertomiluobovemouth.Elevotionsref.,tom.onHOItv.1.UPPERSUSITNARIVERPROFILERIVERMILES120-2901450/"\(13,~S~~UNDARYrJ-./?J~r,,/"\/V>'"'--'~-r-../'./,RECOMMENDED_ADAMANDRESERVOIRAT/WATANADAMSITEWITH./TRANSMISSIONFACILITIES.f",--.....r--/"1~DEVILCANYONo5RECOMMENDEDADAMANDRESERVOIRATDEVILCANYONDAMSITE.ITALKEETNA RAILBELTAREA,ALASKAUPPERSUSITNARIVERBASINWATANADAMDETAILPLANALASKADISTRICT.CORPSOFENGINEERSANCHORAGE,ALASKA~OO-------....._2ACCESSROAD!lOO0TISCALEINI'if'"'"'"~9~~.Q'"0012'";0I;t.t0"OV(~A.q:0""~q,"<0A..::)<:::J'<;O~A..$;J~l)~.o~~4<'.~\"<::)<8...,00lHWATANA<O""'~DIVERSION/oq~"WORKS°lf'RATINGCURVESLINEDTUNNELJ""'O'OI;[,300....x.pOOLIEL.2200IPOWER\PLANT~UNITS,'rHlGHLEVELOUTLET-2,200'\t+-+--.l::sAAev~A1DISC.1+~G'k-'-2,100I2,000ILLLOWLEVLOUTLET~j-'Clf'j"....LMINLEVELQULPOOLPOWERPOOL,1,900IIWATANAPROJECTIDISCHARGECAPABILITYDURINGEMERGENCY,1,600IDRAWDOWN.IIMIN.REQ.ELEV.EL.l760/EMERrNCYORAjOOWNALLGrESTLLOPIEN10,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000oINCFS80I-UJUJlJ..~Cl«UJ:I:Cl::o:I:I-CLUJCl2.THEREARENOKNOWNEXISTINGIMPROVEMENTSONTHISPLATE.20,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000140,000 160,000QINCF S7090NOTES:I.TOPOGRAPHICCO~TOURSWERETAKENFROMU.S.G.S.TOPOGRAPHYSCALEI'63,360,TALKEETNA"'OUNTAINS10-4),ALASKA.VERTICALDATU'"IS"'EANSEALEVELI....S.U.I-UJUJlJ..~Zoi=«>UJ-lUJ~o>Cl::UJenUJCl::SPILLWAYCREST 2.EXISTINGIMPROVEMENTSWERECONSTRUCTEDTOOBTAININFORMATIONANDDATAFOREARLIERSTUDIES.NOTES:TOPOGRAPHYWASCOMPILEDFROMAERIALPHOTOGRAPHYWITHGROUNDCONTROL.VERTICALDATUMISMEANSEALEVEL,(m.s.l.).SPILLWAYRATINGFLOWINCFSIOOPOC200POO300,000IOPOODISC~~EINCFSLOWLEVELOUTLETSRATINGDEVILCANYONRATINGCURVESa..coj,,,,0~rt=/G>'aII'"t:1.;7.ailay00a50.00010I--140~ISOOOLOAIRSTRIPALASKADISTRICT.CORPSOFENGINEERSANCHORAGE,ALASKAUPPERSUSITNARIVERBASINDEVILCANYONDAMDETAILPLANSOUTHCENTRALRAILBELTAREA.ALASKA10.000P---/-~:-:_".DEVILCANYON26'0DIVERSIONTUNNELa~~~,oNUNNL /SURFLO/80/;2r.~~UNN~L~NNE1/10/~1/1/OEPHOFWATRINTNNEa//50IIV2000""poo9089~8::I776MWPOWERPLANTCHAMBER ENVIRONMENTALTOPOGRAPHYSETTINGTheUpperSusitnaRiverBasincontainsseveraltopographicfeatureswhichprovideaconglomeratestreamflowheavilyinfluencedbyspecificmeteorologicalevents.Thebasinwasshapedbyvolcanism,diastrophism,glacialerosion,andmarinedeposition.Thebasin,asshowninFigure1,isafan-shapedareacomprisingabout6,160squaremilesandis.borderedbytheAlaskaRangetothenorth,theTa1keetnat~ountainstothesoutheast,andflat,low-reliefareastothesouthwest.Mostofthebasinhasawell-definedbranchingstreampatternwithamainchannelemanatingfromglacialheadwatersintheextremenorthernsegmentofthedivide.Belowtheglaciers,thebraidedstreamtraversesahighplateaucomposedofaggradedalluvialsediment,andthenmeandersseveralmilessouthtotheconfluencewiththeOshetnaRiver.Itthentakesasharpturntothewestandflowsthroughasteeplycut,degrad-ingchanneluntilitexitsthebasinatGoldCreek.Thecontributingglacialareacomprisesonly4percentoftheentirebasin,butsummerglacialmeltprovidesaconsiderableportionofthetotalstreamflow.Bycontrast,theflat,glaciallycarvedLakeLouiseareainthesouth-easternportionofthebasinprovidescomparativelylittleflowfromits700-squ?re-milearea.ThemountainswithinthebasinreflecttheinfluenceofthePleis-toceneIceAge,duringwhichglacialadvancementoverthetopographyplanedthemountainsandgavethebasinsurfacearoundedandsmoothedappearance..Thehighestelevationwithinthebasinis13,326feet,andthelowestelevationis740feet.Thebasinreliefimpliesasteepchannelslope;however,variabilityoftheslopecomparedtoothermountainstreamsissomewhatreversed.Theaggradedchannelintheupperreachesofthebasinhaschannelslopesintherangeofonly4to7feetpermile,whilethelowerbasinchanneldropsasmuchas37feetpermile.MaintributariestotheSusitnaRiverhaveanevenhigherrangeofchannelslopes.ThedeeplyincisedriverchannelbelowtheTyoneRivercontrastswiththemanytraditionalAlaskanU-shapedvalleys,remnants17 ofglacialadvances.Theabsenceofbroadfloodplainsinthelowerbasinresultsinhighstagesduringhighrunoffduetoconfinedflowareas.TheSusitnaRiveralluviumhasdevelopedintoacontinuouseffluentaquifer.Mostofthetributaryaquifersdonotsustainwinterflow.CLIMATETheclimateoftheUpperSusitnaBasinischaracterizedbycolddrywintersandwarmbutmoderatelymoistsummers.Theyearlyprecipitationdistributionshowsthat64percentofprecipitationoccursfromJunethroughOctober.WithintheRaflbeltarea,theclimatefallsintothreecategories:(1)azonedominatedalmostentirelybymaritimeinfluences,(2)azoneoftransitionfrommaritimetocontinentalclimaticinfluences,and(3)azonedominatedbycontinentalclimaticconditions.TheUpperSusitnaBasinfallswithinthetransitionalzone.Thecontrastbetweenthemaritime-influencedareasofthesouthernKenaiPeninsulaandthecontinentalconditionsatFairbanksismarked.WithintheconfinesoftheUpperSusitnaBasin,awayfromthemoderatinginfluenceofmaritimeair,therearegreatertemperatureextremesthanonthecoastoftheGulfofAlaska.Extremewintertem-peraturesarecausedbypolarairmasseswhichflowinfromthenorth.Meanannualprecipitationinlowerelevationsofthebasinwouldbeexpectedtorangebetween18and22inches,whileprecipitationinhigherelevations,becauseoforographiceffects,wouldbeexpectedtoreach80inchesperyear.Meanannualsnowfallwouldrangefrom60inchesinthelowlandstoasmuchas400inchesinthehighmoun-tains.FreezeupinthehighestreachesoftheSusitnaRiverstartsinearlyOctober,andbytheendofNovemberthelowerregionsoftheriverareicebound.TheriverbreakupbeginsinearlyMay,andwithintwoweeksofbreakuptherivertributariesarefreeofsurfaceice.BASINSTREAMFLOWTheannualstreamflowpatternsoftheUpperSusitnaRiverandmostofitstributarystreamsarebestdescribedasprovidingperennialflow.ThemaintributariesoftheSusitnaRiverconsi<stoftheEastandWestForkSusitnaRiverswhichoriginateinthenorthernsectionofthedrainagebasin,theMaclarenRiverwhichoriginatesinthenortheasternportionofthebasin,andtheTyoneRiverwhichemanatesfromthesouthernreachesofthebasin.18 TheflowregimeoftheSusitnaRiverisseasonal,withmorethanhalfoftheyearlystreamflowoccurringfromMaythroughSeptember.Summerstreamflowconsistsmainlyofsnowandglacialmeltcombinedwith.sur-facerunofffromrainfall;Winterflowsarerestrictedalmostentirelytogroundwaterinflow.Primarywaters.ourcesfortheMaclarenandEastandWestForkSusitnaRiversarethenumerousglacierswhichrimthenorthernbasindivideintheAlaskaRange.TheTyoneRivercontributionismostlyreservoiroutflowfromthemultitudeoflakeslocatedwithinitssubbasin.WinterflowsbegininearlyNovemberandarecomposedofbasef10wfromsubsurfacestorage.WhenbreakupnearsinMarchandApril,subsurfacestorageisdepletedtotheextentthatmanysmalltributariesceaseflowing,andtheSusitnaRiverflowshrinkstoitsseasonalminimum.Followingbreakup,flowsincreaserapidlywiththe·onsetofspringsnowmelt.Assummertem-peraturesincrease,glacialflowaccentuatedbyrainfallrunoffbecomesthepredominantriversource.Thecyclerepeatsitselfwithwinterfreezeup.Thevariabilityofstreamflowwithinthf;!basinisextreme.Thefollow-ingtablerepresentsaverageannualstreamflowconditionsforportionsofthebasinabovetheGoldCrf;!ekgagingstation.PercentofGoldCreekStreamflowDrainageArea(S9~1i)FlowVariationsinUpperSusitnaRiverBasinPercentofGoldCreekDrainageAreaGagingStationMaclarenRivernearPaxsonSusitnaRivernear.DenaliSusitnaRivernearCantwellSusitnaRiveratGoldCreek2809504,1406,1604.515.467.2100.010.027.664.8100.0Nearly38percentoftheGoldCreekstreamfloworiginatesfrom20percentofthearea.Thislargepercentageofstreamflow.iscontri-butedbyglaciersintheupperportionofthebasin.andbyhighpre-cipitationrunoffrateswhichresultfromimperviousglaciers.Inaddition,itissuspectedthatthemountainsformageographiccon-straint.whichcausesexcessiveprecipitationinthisareainrelationtotheremainderofthebasin.19 Bycontrast,theCantwellgagingstationshowsarunoffratenotconsistentwiththatwhichcouldbeexpectedbelowtheglaciers,indi-catingthatbelowthePaxsonandDenalistationsalargeareacontrib-uteslittleannualstreamflow.Thislarge,lowcontributingareaisbelievedtobetheflat,700-square-mileLakeLouisearea.BelowtheCantwellstation,flowpercentagesincreaseslightlytoamorenearlynormalarea-dischargerelationshipforthebasin.GEOLOGYThegeologyoftheUpperSusitnaRiverRegionreflectsthecomplexprocesseswhichmakeupitsgeologichistory.Ithasundergonesubsidence,marinedeposition,volcanicintrusion,mountainbuilding,glacialplaning,anderosion.Intheupperreachesoftheriver,thevalleyflooriscomposedofreworkedglacialmoraineandlakebeddeposits,whicharethoughttobeapproximately200feetthick.Mate-rialsrangeinsizefromsilttoboulders.Adjacentmountainsarecomposedofmetavolcanicsandmetasediments(lavaflowsandsedimentswhichhavebeenchangedbyheatandpressure),andthebedrockbeneaththevalleyfloorisalsoassumedtobeacomplexofrocksalteredfrompreexistingrockbypressure,heat,andchangesinthechemicalenviron-ment.InthemidsectionoftheUpperSusitna,massiveintrusionsofgraniticrockhavewarpedandupliftedtheregion.SubsequentvigorousearthmovementresultedinthebuildingoftheTalkeetnaMountains.Throughoutthisareathemetavolcanicsandmetasedimentsarewarpedandtwisted;medium-grainedgraniteintrusivesareexposedintermit-tentlyalongthevalleywalls.Atthelowerendofthedrainage,glacialactionisevidencedbytheabsenceofoverburdenmaterialsathigherelevationsandthescouringandplaningoftheunderlyingbedrock.REGIONALTECTONICSTectonicsdealswithrockstructuresandexternalformsresultingfromlargemovementsordeformationoftheearth'scrust.TwomajorearthtectonicfeaturesbrackettheUpperSusitnaRegion.TheDenaliFault,activeduringHolocene(Recent)time,isoneoftheearth'smajorfractures.Itliesapproximately43milesnorthoftheproposedDevilCanyondamsite.Asecondarcuatefracture,theCastleMountainFault,liessome75milestothe.southoftheriverbasin.Bisectingtheregioninanortheast-southwestdirectionandtruncatedbytheDenali20 Fault,theSusitnaFaultliesapproximately2.5miles>we:;toftheproposedWatanaDam.Large,prominentlineamentspassthroughtheregiontrendingnortheast-southwest,andtherivervalleyiscon-trolledbymanyofthesefeature:;.SEISMOLOGY.Sinceitislocatedinanareaofmajorfaults,itistobeexpectedthattheUpperSusitnaBasinwouldlieinazoneofmajorseismic,actiyjty.During,t~eperiodofrecord,throughtheendof1970,262earthquakeshadbeenrecordedwithiharadiusof150milesofthe-proposedDevilCanyonsite(i<achadoorian1974).Ofthese,229hadamagnitudeon,theRichterscale.oflessthan5.3,while20werebetween5.3and.7.0.,.elev.enwerebetween7.0and7.>75,andtwoweregreaterthan7.75.AnevaluationofthepotentialexposureoftheUpperSusitnadamsitestoseismicactivitywasmadebytheBureauofRecla-mation.Inviewoftherecentadvancesinseismictechnology,faultscapableofinfluencingmajordesignfeatureswillbereevaluatedfortheirpotentialMaximumCredibleEarthquake.VEGETATIONMostoftheUpperSusitnaRiverBasinisclassifiedasmoistoralpinetundraalthoughtheareaadjacenttothemainriverchannelbelowtheMaclarenRiverisclassifiedaseitheruplandorlowlandspruce-hard-woodforest.Majortimberspeciesofthecanyonslopesandsurroundingbenchlandsarebirch,balsampoplar,blackcottonwood,whitespruce,andblackspruce.Overall,timberisofpoorquality,varyingwidelyinsize,butmostlysmallandoflittleornocommercialvalue.Twodistinctlydifferentplantcommunitiesoccupyportionsofthealternatetransmissioncorridors.Bottomlandspruce-poplarisconfinedtothebroadfloodplains,riverterraces,andwarmslopesofmajorrivers.Throughoutthelowlands,anotherdistinctvegetationtypeislowbrush-bog/muskeg.Commonplantsincludetamarack,blackspruce,alder,willow,andvariousberries.21 FISHANDWILDLIFEBothresidentandanadromousfishinhabittheSusitnaBasin.SalmonareknowntospawninmanyofthesloughsandtributariesoftheSusitnaRiverbelowDevilCanyon;however,surveysindicatethatsalmonmaybeunabletoascendtheturbulentDevilCanyonandthuslybepre-ventedfrommigratingintotheUpperSusitnaRiverBasin.Grayling,rainbowtrout,laketrout,DollyVarden,whitefish,andburbotcomprisetheprincipalresidentfishpopulations.MammalsandbirdsfoundintheUpperSusitnaBasinarerepresentativeofwildlifespeciescommontointeriorAlaska.Importantgamespeciesconsistofmoose,caribou,andDallsheep.Wolves,wolverine,bear,andsmallerfurbearersinhabit'thebasin.Birdsarepredominantlyseasonal,andincludewaterfowl,raptors,andpasserinespecies.Theperegrinefalconistheonlyrareorendangeredspeciespresentlyknowntofrequentorinhabitthebasin.22 PRODUCTSOFFEASIBILITYANALYSISTheresultsofstudieswillbepresentedinaProjectFeasibilityAnalysisReportsupplementedbyaseriesofappendicesandadocu-mentsupplementingtheEnvironmentalImpactStatement.TENTATIVEDOCUMENTSProjectFeasibilityAnalysis,MainReportAppendicesHydrologyPowerStudiesSiteSelectionPlanFormulationTransmissionFacilitiesAccessFoundationsandMaterialsRealEstateDesignandCostEstimatesMarketingAnalysisEnvironmentalStudiesRecreationCulturalResourcesEnvironmentalImpactStatement(Supplement)REPORTDESCRIPTIONSTheProjectFeasibilityAnalysis,MainReportwillbeasummarydocumentpresentingthestudiesandinvestigationsmadetoreformulatetheprojecttomeetpresentdayconditionsandtoaugmentthepreauthori-zationfeasibilityanalysiswheredeficienciesexist.Thereportwill23 beprimarilyaplanningdocumentinwhichplanformulation,impactassessment,andcostestimateswillbepresentedinsuffici·entdetailtosupporttheconclusionsandrecommendationsmade.Alsotherecom~mendedplanwillbedescribed,andtheeconomicandfinancialanalysessummarized.TheHydrologyAppendixwilldocumentthebasichydrologicinformationuponwhichtheprojectanalysiswillbebased.Includedwillbedis-cussionsofdailystreamflow,hydrologyandclimatewithinthebasinandalongthetransmissioncorridor,sedimenttransport,erosionpotential,icing,floodrouting,andspillwaydesignfloods.ThePowerStudiesAppendixwilldescribetheanalysisofenergycapa-bilitiesofthevariousplansstudied.Itwillincludetheresultsofseasonalandhourlyregulationstudiestodeterminetheneedforareregulationreservoir.Thereportwillalsocontainheaddurationcurves,tailwaterdurationcurves,turbineefficiencycurves,andsuggestedoperatingrulecurves.ThepurposeoftheSiteSelectionAppendixwillbetopresentthecon-siderationsresultinginspecificrecommendationsastodamtypesandheightsforeachsite.Thereportwillexplainthemechanicsofthereviewingprocessandtherationaleforspecificsiteselectiononthebasisoffoundationsuitability,quantity,quality,and.locationofconstructionmaterials,andmass-quantitiesandcost-heightrela-tionships.ThePlanFormulationAppendixwilldocumenttheproceduresandrationalebywhichtherecommendedplanofdevelopmentisselected.Theprocedurewillentailidentificationofplanningobjectives,theassessmentofavailablealternativesandtheirimpacts,andacomparisonofalter-nativesfromthestandpointofeconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalconsiderations.Theselectedplanwillbethatplanwhichprovidesthegreatestcontributionstothestudyobjectives.TheTransmissionFacilitiesAppendixwillpresentthestudiesinvolvedinselectionoftransmissionlineroutes,towers,conductorandhard-ware,substationsandswitchyards,andothertransmissionfacilitycomponents.Theselectedschemewillbedescribedindetail.Alsoincludedwillbeatransmissionlinereliabilityanalysis.TheaccessroutealternativeswillbeoutlinedandtheconsiderationsinrouteselectionpresentedintheAccessAppendix.Verticalandhorizontalalignmentswillbeshown,andtheiradvantagesand~isadvantagesinrelationtograde,curvature,distance,bridgerequire-ments,andfoundationswillbeevaluated.Particularemphasiswillbeplacedontherequirementforanall-weatheraccessandonthepotentialwinterproblemsofsnowandice.24 Theresultsofexploration,testing,andevaluationforgeologicalandfoundationconditionswillbepresentedintheFoundationsandMaterialsAppendix.DocumentationwillcompletelYdefinethequalityofthedamfoundationandtheextentandtypeoffoundationtreatmentrequiredfordesign.Locationandqualityofembankmentmaterialswillbeshownandtestresultsoutlinedwithparticularemphasisonstrengthofmaterialsunderhighconfiningpressuresanddynamiccyclicloading.Specialemphasiswillalsobeplacedonregionalandsitegeologyandfaultinganditsrelationtothepotentialseis-micityofthearea.Seismicstudieswillbedescribed,includingthedesignearthquakeparametersandadynamicsoilsresponseanalysisfortheembankment.TheRealEstateAppendixwillcontaininformationonlandownershipandvalue.Thereportwillincludeanoverallrealestateprojectmapalongwithmoredetailedsegmentmaps.Agrossappraisalwillbepreparedwithsupportingnarrativetoprovidetechnicaljustificationforlandcosts.ContainedintheDesignandCostEstimateAppendixwillbeadiscussionofdamtypeandheight,foundationconditions,materialsources,generalconfigurationofspillwayandoutletworks,penstocksandpowerhouse,intakesystemsandgates,andanyotherpertinentdamfeatures.Otherprojectcomponentssuchasconstructionfacilitiesandreservoirclear-ingwillalsobedescribed.Further,itwillcontainthevariousplancostestimatesusedasabasisforchoosingtheselectedplanandalsotherationaleandassumptionsunderlyingtheestimates.Theinvesti-gationsanddesignassociatedwiththefirstphaseofconstructionwillberelativelymoredetailedthanthatforsubsequentprojectphases,andtheaccompanyingcostestimatesforfirstphaseconstruc-tionwillthereforebemorerefinedandreliable.TheMarketingAnalysisAppendixwilldocumenttheextensiveinvestigationsandanalysesleadingtotheloadgrowthforecastandmarketforSusitnapower.Inadditionitwillcontainadetailedassessmentofexistingplantretirement,adiscussionoftheroleofSusitnapowerinthelong-termRailbeltenergysupplysystem,andafinancialanalysis.TheEnvironmentalStudiesAppendixwillserveasareferencedocumentfortheimpactassessmentandplanformulationprocess,aswellasforsupplementingtheEnvironmentalImpactStatement.Thereportwillbeaconsolidationofthesocioeconomic,biological,andwaterqualitydatacollectionandimpactidentificationstudies.Narrativeandplatesdetailingtheproposedrecreationaldevelopment,alongwiththereasoningforitsselectionwillbepresentedintheRecreationAppendix.25 TheCulturalResourcesAppendixwillbeareconnaissancereportpresent-ingthefindingsofboththearcheologicalandhistoricalstudies.Theappendixwillcontaininformationrelatingtotheidentificationofarcheologicalandhistoricalresourceslocatedintheprojectareaandtotheprobableprojectimpactonthoseresources.TheEnvironmentalImpactStatement(Supplement)willsummarizethefullrangeofenvironmental,economic,social,andengineeringstudies.Impactsresultingfromthevariousprojectfeatureswillbediscussedandevaluated.Thereportwillbedesignedtoconciselydescribethetradeoffsinvolvedamongthevariousschemesofdevelopmentandtopresenttherationaleforanyrecommendationsmade.DOCUMENTSEQUENCEPrecedingthesefinaldocumentswillbefourpreliminaryappendicescoveringhydrology,powerandmarketability,siteselection,andenviron-mentalstudies.Thesepreliminaryappendiceswillserveasabasisforpreparationofadraftplanformulationreport.Followingthechoiceofthemostfavorableplansthroughtheplanformulationprocess,moredetailedattentionwillbedirectedatformulatingtheselectedplanwithresultsdocumentedindraftappendices.Afterappropriatereview,thesewillbefinalizedalongwiththeProjectFeasibilityAnalysisMainReportandtheEnvironmentalImpactStatement(Sup.plement).Thesequenceofpreliminary,draft,andfinaldocumentsisdepictedinFigure5.26 FIGURE5:PROJECTFEASIBILITYANALYSISDOCUMENTSEQUENCEDevelopmentandScreeningofAlternatives-PRELIMINARY-REPORTSI---HYDROLOGYIPOWERSTUDIESIMARKETANALYSISISITESELECTIONIENVIRONMENTDRAFT0SelectionofMostPLANFORMULATIONUPPromisingPlansREPORTTLPAUNTNIDN0GCI--DRAFTUSI--MT'RefinementofSelectedDOCUMENTSEANGlPlanandFinalReviewTEMAINREPORTSIDRAFTEISIAPPENDICESCompletionPROJECTi--I--FEASIBILITY-ANALYSISi--i--MAINREPORTIEISIHYDROLOGY. IDESIGN&COSTITRANSMISSIONIETC.27 PUBLICINVOLVEMENTA DCOORDINATIONTheobjectiveofpublicparticipationistofurtherinvolvethepublicintheprojectfeasibilitystudy,inordertoinsurethatthestudyrespondstopublicviewsandpreferencestothemaximumextentpossible.Asusedhere,thetermIIpublicllincludesotherFederal,State,andlocalgovernmententitiesandofficials;publicandprivateorganiza-tions;andindividualsinterestedorpotentiallyinterestedintheSusitnaproject.SUMMARYOFPREVIOUSPUBLICINVOLVEMENTInconjunctionwiththe1976CorpsofEngineersfeasibilitystudy,numerouscommentswerereceivedatpublicmeetingsandfromwrittenstatementsonthereportfindingsandreccommendations.Over65agencies,organizations,andindividualshaveprovidedwrittencommentsororaltestimony.Ingeneral,commentsfocusedontheneedforadditionalstudiesbeforeafinaldecisiononconstructionofaprojectofsuchmagnitude.TheChiefofEngineershasrespondedtoallcommentsreceivedduringreviewofhisdraftreportandcompanionEnvironmentalImpactStatementandagreedthatadditionalstudiesarerequiredbeforearecommendationcanbemadeforconstruction.Theactivitiesoutlinedinthisplanofstudyreflectpubliccommentsandconcernsexpressedonthe1976feasibilityreport.CommentsofGovernorJayHammondexpressedinhisletterofNovember17,1976,totheChiefofEngineersarequotedasfollows:IIIconcurintherecommendationbytheBoardofEngineersreportthatfurtherstudyeffortisneededforaprojectofthismagnitude.Iagreethatadditionaldetailedstudies,includingthoseaddressedbymytaskforce,wi11berequiredtodeterminethesignificantimpactsasso-ciatedwiththemagnitudeandcomplexityoftheproject.OurtaskforcerecommendationswillbesuppliedtotheDistrictEngineer. liTheinformationobtainedfromtheDistrictEngineerconcerningstudiesproposedinthenextstagecoincideswellwiththeenvironmental,socio-economicandtechnicalstudiesidentifiedbytheStateTaskForceduringreviewoftheDraftEnvironmentalImpactStatement.Asthesedetailedstudiesareaddressed,coordinationshouldbemaintainedwiththeState'sdesigneetoassurethatassessmentsareansweringthosepointsraisedinthetaskforcereportandtoinsurethattheinformationdevelopedwillbeadequateonwhichtobasefutureStaterecommendations."INTERAGENCYCOORDINATIONCoordinationwillbecarriedoutonacontinuingbasiswithFederal,State,andlocalagencieshavinginterestinthestudy.ShouldtheplanningforSusitnahydropowerproceedinthejointState-Federalmode,anextremelycloseworkingrelationshipisenvisionedbetweentheCorpsofEngineersandtheStateofAlaska.Toeasethecoordi-nationproblemsinherentinaplanningprogramofthismagnitude,asinglepointofcontactwouldbeestablishedfortheStateandasinglepointfortheCorpsofEngineers.ThesewouldbetheAlaskaPowerAuthorityontheonehand,andtheAlaskaDistrictontheother.ThisStateagencywouldcoordinateStatereviewsofstudyprogress,andformulatefeedbackintoaconsolidatedStateposition.TheAlaskaDistrictwouldberesponsibleforandwouldcoordinateallstudyactivit~es,thusservingasthepointofinterfacebetweentheStateandthoseengagedinaccomplishingtheprojectfeasibilityanalysis.IncludedinthisgroupwouldbevariousCorpsofEngineerselements,otherFederalagencies,privateconsultants,andStateagencies,suchas.theDepartmentofFishandGame,thatwillprovidespecialtechnicalservices.Inadditiontotheongoingcoordinationwithagenciesatalllevelsofgovernment,therewillbeanopportunityforformalreviewandcommentafterdistributionofthedraftProjectFeasibilityAnalysisReportandaccompanyingdraftsupplementalEnvironmentalImpactStatement.Thesubstanceofallcommentsreceivedwillbeincorporatedinthefinalreportandimpactstatementsupplement.29 !1nO~N-U-+l-.::BA~S::E:::L1~N:.:E---=D:....:AT.:..:.A..:..........:A...:.:C:.:Q::U:.:.:IS:.:..IT:...:..IO::..:N~--H=-=_CONTINUEDDATAACQUISITION~ADDITIONALDESIGNANDCONSTRUCTIONPHASE?SHOULDPROJECTBE?CONSTRUCTEDDETAILEDDESIGNI--_---:F~O:..:.R:....:..:..IN:.:..:IT..:.:.IA..:.:L:.......;.,;PH~A:..:.S.:.:E:_____+I__-__CONTINUEDDETAILEDDESIGN..(STEP3)DETAILEDFEASIBILITYANALYSISPROJECTFEASIBILITYANALYSIS~===========~====t=====:::::::AREDETAILEDSTUDIESWARRANTED?(STEP1)PRELIMINARYSCREENINGOFSTUDYSTATEOFALASKAFUNDSPLANPRfCONSTRUCTIONSTUDIESAUTHORIZEDUNDERSECTIONS160AND203CONGRESSIONALDELIBERATIONSTUDIESCHIEFENGINEERSCOMMENDSONSTRUCTIONSTUDIES:WACTIVITY:SURVEY,EXPLORATION,BIOLOGICALSTUDIES,SEISMICMONITORING)SOUTHCENTRALRAILBELTAREA,ALASKAUPPERSUSrTNARIVERBASINITALASSESSMENTPROJECTFEASIBILITYANALYSISPROGRAMSUMMARYFIGURE7ALASKADISTRICT,CORPSOFENGINEERSANCHO,.AG£,ALASKA BASELINEDATAACQUISITIONENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSTATEMENT(CONGRESSIONALDELIBERATIONSTATEOFALASKAFUNDSPLANOFSTUDYIBASELINEDATAACQUISITIONDETAILEDFEASIBILITYANALYSIS(STEP2)CHIEFOFENGINEERSRECOMMENDSPRECONSTRUCTIONSTUDIESPREAUTHORIZATIONFEASIBILITYANALYSISREVIEWPRfCONSTRUCTIONSTUDIES(AUTHORIZEDIUNDERSECTIONS160AND203PRELIMINARYSCREENING(STEP1)AREDETAILEDISTUDIESIWARRANTED?-FIf--------------'IPREAUTHORIZATIONSTUDIES:=I====~IIIJPLAN"IIOF~~============~PROJECTFEASIBILITYANALYSIS;:===============STUDYIICOLORSCORRESPONDTOTYPEACTIVITY:FIELDWORK(SURVEY,EXPLORATION,BIOLOGICALSTUDIES,SEISMICMONITORING)DESIGNPLANNINGENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT SURVEYActivityDesignation:SY-lActivity:Obtainrivercrosssectionsatpreliminarysites.Description:Thisactivityistoobtainrivercrosssectionsatthefollowingsites:oneeachatOlson,DevilCanyon,SusitnaI,SusitnaIII,andVee;andthreeatWatana.CrosssectionsatWatanawillbelocatedatcenterline,1/2mileupstream,and1/2miledownstream.TheremainderofvalleytopographywillcomefromSY-3andwillberequiredinthefirst6months.Fieldpartieswillobtaindatanecessarytodeterminecrosssectionsbytakingaseriesofsoundingsacrosstheriver.SeasonalConstraint:WinterpreferableCost:$50,00047 SURVEYActivityDesignation:SY-2Activity:Obtainrivercrosssectionsdownstream.Description:Thepurposeofthisstudyistoobtainanestimated70rivercrosssectionsfromthevicinityoftheOlsondamsitedownstreamtohighwaybridge#3belowTalkeetna.Thisactivitywillbeinsupportofactivities0-38,HY-2landHY-16.Theseactivitieswillbeusedtostudytheeffectsofvariousflowreleasesassociatedwiththehourlypowerstudies.Thestudywillalsoprovideinformationontailwaterratingcurvesandonthedelineationofpost-projectfloodplains.SeasonalConstraint:JunethroughOctoberCost:$300,00048 SURVEYActivityDesignation:SY-3Activity:Mappotentialreservoirsites.Description:ThisactivitywillentailmappingofpotentialreservoirsiteswithintheUpperSusitnaRiverBasin.Mappingshouldbeofsufficientdetail(20-footcontours)toallowdeterminationofelevation-versus-capacitycurvesandelevation-versus-areacurvesforeachreservoir.ThereservoirswillincludethesitesofOlson(riverbottomtoelevation1,100)DevilCanyon(riverbottomtoelevation1,490),HighDevilCanyon(riverbottomtoelevation1,800),Watana(riverbottomtoelevation2,260),andVee(riverbottomtoelevation2,360).SeasonalConstraint:MaythroughOctoberCost:$460,00049 SURVEYActivityDesignation:SY-4Activity:Obtaincontrolledphoto/topoalongaccessroute.Description:Thisactivityismappingoftworoadaccessroutesinordertodeterminedesignlayout.Mappingrequirementisfor5-footcontourswithascaleofl-inchequalto200feet.Theareastobeflownwillrequirephoto/mappinganareasufficientlylargetosupportthecapabilitiesofexpandingthemappingforalignmentrevisions.SeasonalConstraint:MaythroughOctoberCost:$225,00050 SURVEYActivityDesignation:SY-5Activity:Controlledphoto/topoalongtransmissioncorridor.Description:Thisactivityisforprovidingtopographicmaps,basedonexistingU.S.CoastandGeodeticSurveyquadspreparedasoverlaytoaerialphotographymosaic.Aerialphotographywillbeobtainedatascaleof1inchtoamileforpreparingmosaic.SeasonalConstraint:MaythroughSeptemberforphotographyCost:$70,00051 SURVEYActivityDesignation:SY-6Activity:Obtaincontrolledphoto/topoatWatanadamsite.Description:Thisactivitywillentailprovidingsurveycontrolandmanuscriptmappingattheproposeddamsite.Requirementsforthemappingwillbetoplacepicturepointaerialphotographytargets,establishthehorizontalandverticalcontrol,obtainaerialphotographyandaccomplishtherequiredmapping.Mappingcontoursforthisactivitywillbebasedon5-footcontourwithamappingscaleof1inchequaling200feet.SeasonalConstraint:MaythroughOctoberCost:$15,00052 SURVEYActivityDesignation:SY-7Ac~ivity:Controlledphoto/topoatDevilCanyon.Description:Thisactivitywillentailprovidingsurveycontrolandmanuscriptmappingattheproposeddamsite.Requirementsforthemappingwillbetoplacepicturepointaerialphotographytargets,establishthehorizontalandverticalcontrol,obtainaerialphotographyandaccomplishtherequiredmapping.Mappingcontoursforthisactivitywillbebasedon5-footcontourwithamappingscaleof1inchequaling200feet.Thismappingwillaugmenttopographicdataalreadyavailable.SeasonalConstraint:Fieldefforts,MaythroughOctoberCost:$60,00053 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-l/laActivity:Collectclimatologicaldataforthebasinandtrans-missionline,andcontinuedatacollection.Description:Inaccessibilityofthebasinwillmakeconventionaldataacquisitiondifficult,andaseriesofremotedataplatformssituatedthroughoutthebasinisanticipated.Helicopteropera-tionswillbenecessarytoinstallandoperatethedatacollectionplatforms.Dataacquiredwillbeusedforvirtuallyallphasesofthehydrologyappendix,forsupplementingtheEnvironmentalImpactStatement,andfordesignandconstructionofthetrans-missionline.Asaminimum,windvelocityandsnowdepthanddensitywillbemeasuredatapproximately15locationsalongtheproposedtransmissionlinecorridor.Themajorityoftheanemo-metersiteswillbelocatedinthemountainousareasatthehigherelevationsalongtheproposedtransmissionlineroute.AppropriateanemometersiteswithintheSusitnaBasinmayalsobeequippedtorecordtemperature,snowdepth,andprecipitation.Snowcreepstationswillbedevelopedasnecessarywherethesnowdepthanddensitymeasurementsindicateapotentialforsnowcreepproblemsalongthetransmissionline.Approximately10additionallocationsintheUpperSusitnaBasinwillbedevelopedasprecipitation,snowdepth/temperaturestations.Wherepractical,existingsnowcoursesandstreamgagingsiteswillbeequippedtorecordprecipitation.temperature,andotherrequiredclimatologicalparameters.Itisanticipatedth~tanintensiveclimatologicaldata-gatheringandanalysisprogramwillbeconductedfortwoyearspriortoconstructionoftheproject.Itwouldbedesirabletocontinueoperatingselectedclimatologicalstationswithinthebasinaftertheinitialdesignstagetodevelopadatabaseandsubsequentlyprovideinformationtooperatetheprojectefficiently.Theseselectedstationsshouldbeequippedwithtelemetrytoproviderealtimedataforoperationoftheproject.SeasonalConstraint:Instrumentationshouldbeaccomplishedduringsummertime.Cost:$423,00057 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-2/2aActivity:Installandoperateadditonalstreamgages,andcontinuestreamgaging.Description:InordertofullyevaluatethehydrologicresponseandvariabilityofflowwithintheSusitnaBasin,anextensivestreamgagingnetworkwillberequired.ExistingstationswithintheUpperSusitnaBasininclude:SusitnaatGoldCreek(U.S.G.S.stationnumber15-2920-00),SusitnaRivernearDenali(stationnumber15-2910-00),andMaclarenRivernearPaxson(stationnumber15-2912-00).FundingfortheoperationofthesestationsshouldbeassumedfromtheCooperativeStreamGagingProgram,whichpresentlyprovidesthefunding.Installationandoperationofsixadditionalstreamgagingstationswouldalsoberequired.GageswouldbeinstalledontheTyoneRivernearitsmouth,ontheOshetnaRivernearitsmouth,ontheSusitnaRiverattheformerCantwellgagingstation,attheWatanadamsite,attheDevilCanyondamsite,andontheSusitnaRiveratthehighwayNo.3bridgecrossingbelowTalkeetna.Thegageswouldbeinstalledduringthefirstspring,thusallowingthreesummersofflowmeasurementpriortocompletionofprojectfeasibilityanalysis.Thegageswouldbeconvertedtopermanentstatusiftheprojectswereauthorizedforconstruction.Asaresultofthenumberofstationsbeingproposed,correlatiqnwiththethreeexistingstreamgagingstationsshouldbequitehigh,therebyallowingstreamflowextensiontomatchtheexisting27-yearperiodofrecordfortheSusitnaRiveratGoldCreek.Thetotalstreamflowrecordcouldthenbeusedforreservoiroperationstudies,suspendedsedimentandbedloadtransportanalysis,reser-voirmodelingandselectivewithdrawalstudies,watersurfacepro-filedetermination,andamultitudeofotherflowquantityanalyses.SeasonalConstraint:Installationrequiredduringspringtime.Cost:$300,00058 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-3/3aActivity:Collectwaterdata.Description:Waterstudiesaredependentuponasuccessfuldatacollectionprogram.Physicalsamplingwillconcentrateonsuspendedsedimentandbedloadsamplestobetakenatthestreamgagingstations.Frequencyofsedimentsamplingshouldbesufficienttodevelopwithreasonableaccuracy atotalload-ratingcurvetobeusedinon-goingsedimentstudies.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$60,00059 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-4Activity:Describethehydrometeorologicalsettingofthebasin.Description:ThisactivitywillbeusedtopresentandsynopsizethehydrometeorologicalsettingoftheUpperSusitnaRiverBasin.ItwillincludeanevaluatioriofotherdescriptionsoftheareaandaninterpretationanddiscussionofthedatacollectedunderHY-landHY-2.Anumberofgeneralizedgraphsdepictingtheextremesandaveragesassociatedwithprecipitation,temperature,snowfall,radiation,wind,etc.,willbeprepared.Thisinfor-mationwillassistinfeaturedesignandinconstructionactivi-ties.ItwillalsoprovideinformationtobeusedinsupplementingtheEnvironmentalImpactStatement.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$8,00060 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-5Activity:Extendstreamflowtomatchlongesthistoricalrecords.Description:ThepurposeofthisactivitywillbetoextendtheshorterstreamflowperiodsofrecordoftheDenali,CantwellandMaclarengages,aswellasthesixnewgages,tomatchthatofthelong-termGoldCreekgage.ThiswillprovideagooddatabaseforthespecificDevilCanyonandWatanadamsitesandasufficientindicationatotherpossibledamsitesforsystempowerstudies.Monthlystreamflowwillberequiredforseasonalregulationstudies;"however,dailystreamflowwouldbedesirableforimpactassessmentoftheselectedplanofdevelopment.Stream-flowextensionwouldbeaccomplishedbyamultipleregressionanalysiswithGoldCreekstreamflowandotherphysiographicandhydrologicparameters.Inordertoassessthelong-termannualwaterbudgetoftheUpperSusitnaBasin,anattemptwillbemadetocorrelateannualrunoffwithothermeasuredphysicalparameters.Theshort-termstationswillbeusedtodeterminethevariabilityofstreamflowthroughoutthebasinonaseasonalbasis.Ifstrongcorrelationcanbegainedwithlong-termstations,flowdurationcurvescanbedevelopedfortheshort-termstationswhichwillaidindeterminingsedimentyieldthroughoutthebasin.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$10,000 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-6A~tivity:Developannualandseasonalflowdurationcurves.Descri~~ion:Uponextensionofthestreamflowrecordstomatchthoseofthelong-termstationatGoldCreek,seasonalandannualflowdurationcurveswillbedevelopedforallstreamgagingsta-tionswithintheUpperSusitnaBasinandmajoradjacenttributaries.Thisinformationwillassistincharacterizingthevariabilityofstreamflowthroughoutthestudyarea.Inaddition,itwillprovideinsightintotheextentofthegroundwateralluvium.Thisinforma-tionwillbeinvaluableindescribingtheenvironmentalsettingassociatedwithfishandwildlifestudies.Inaddition,itwillprovideconstructioncontractinformationregardingtheriskofinitiatingspecificconstructionactivities.Finally,thecurveswillprovideinsightaboutthevarioussourcesofflowwhichcon-stitutetheSusitnaRiveranditstributaries.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$2,00062 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-7Activity:Developpeakandvolumefrequencycurves.Description:PeakandvolumefrequencycurveswillbedevelopedforSusitnaRiveratGoldCreek,nearDenali,nearCantwell,andfortheMaclarenRivernearPaxson.Thiswillrequireextensionofthethreelatterstations'periodsofrecordtomatchthatoftheGoldCreekstreamgage.ThefrequencycurveswillbebasedonanannualseriesanalysisutilizingtheLogPearsonTypeIIIdis-tributionwithanexpectedprobabilityadjustment.Protectionofvariousconstructionfeaturesanddiversiontunnelswillbebasedontheresultsofthisstudy.Adeterminationregard-ingthelevelofprotectionthatshouldbeprovidedduringcon-structionwillbenecessary.Thiswillbebasedontheanticipatedlosstolifeandpropertybothattheconstructionsiteanddown-stream,whichwouldresultwithoutahigherlevelofprotectionduringconstruction.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$2,00063 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-8Activity:Developlowflowfrequencyanalysisforcriticalperiodstreamflow.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivitywillbetodeterminetheseverityofthelow-flowcriticalperioduponwhichthefirmenergyanddependablecapacityoftherecommendedplanofriverdevelopmentisbased.Theanalysiswillbemadeaftercompletionofseasonalreservoirregulationstudiesfortherecommendedplan.Sincepre-authorizationreservoirregulationstudieshaveindicatedthatthecriticalperiodmayspan32monthsormore,itwillnotbepossibletoconductameaningfullow-flowfrequencyanalysisbasedontherelativelyshortstreamflowperiodofrecord(27years).Thus,thestreamflowrecordwillbeextendedstochastically,followedbyanaccumulationofcritical-perioddurationflowvolumeswhichwillleadtodevelopmentofalow-flowfrequencycurvetobecreatedinaccordancewithproceduressimilartothoseoutlinedunderChow1sHandbookofHydrology.Thefrequencycurvewillindicatetheseverityoftherecommendedplan'scriticalperiodflowvolume.Alsodevelopedwouldbelesserdurationvolumelow-flowfrequencycurves.Syntheticstreamflowwillbedevelopedusing"HEC-4MonthlyStreamflow Simu1ationllcomputerprogram.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$10,00064 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-9Activity:Determineaverageannualtotalsedimentload.Description:Thisactivitywillentailasedimentsamplingprogramwhichwilldeterminesuspendedandbedloadtransportratesforavarietyofflows.Alsotobeobtainedwouldbegradationcurves.Thiswouldleadtothedevelopmentofatotalsedimentratingcurvewhichcanthenbeincorporatedintoanannualflowdurationcurvewhichwillprovideanestimateoftheaverageannualsedimentwhichwillbedepositedintheproposedreservoirs.Thisinturnwillindicatetheanticipatedlossinreservoirstorageasaresultofsedimententrapmentbehindthedams.SeasonalConstraint:Almostallsampleswillbetakenduringthesummerfieldseasons.Cost:$35,00065 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-10Activity:Determinesedimententrapmentratesanddistributionwithinthereservoirs.Description:Distributionofsedimentwithintheproposedreservoirsisafunctionofthereservoirconfiguration,watertemperature,sedi-mentsize,variationofinflow,fallvelocitiesandanumber.ofothervariables.Thedistributionofsedimentcanlimittheeconomiclifeofareservoirbyencroachmentontheusablestoragespaceandontheoutletworks.DistributionofthissedimentinflowwillbecalculatedusingHydrologicEngineeringCentercomputerprogramnumbers23-J2-L264and723-62-L2470.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$20,00066 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-llActivity:Determinestratificationofsuspendedsedimentinreservoir.Description:Whileitisanticipatedthatthereservoirswillentrap95percentofthesedimentinflow,thatwhichremainsinsuspensionwillbereleasedtothedownstreamchannel.UndernaturalconditionstheSusitnaRivercontainsheavysedimentconcentrationsduringthesummerandminimalconcentrationsduringthewinter.Thus,uncon-trolledwaterreleasescouldhavetheeffectofenhancingthesummerwaterqualitydownstream,butdecreasingthewinterquality.Thisstudy,then,wouldaddressthepotentialfordevelopmentofsedimentstratificationzoneswithinthereservoirwhichconceivablycouldbeflushedduringthesummer,thusallowingclearreleasesduringthewinter.Thisstudywouldhavetobecoordinatedwithtemperatureandwater-qualityreservoirmodelingstudies.Studywouldincor-poratetheWaterwaysExperimentStation"WESTEX"computermodel.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$15,00067 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-12Activity:Determineeffectofsedimentdegradationondownsteamchannel.Description:Asthenaturalriversedimentistrappedwithinthereservoirs,thedownstreamload-carryingcapacityoftheriverwillhavetobesatisfiedbysedimentliftedfromthenaturalchannel.Thiscouldresultinexcessivedownstreamchannelerosion,whichcouldhavedetrimentalenvironmentaleffects.Fieldworkforthisactivitywillinvolvecollectionofinformationregardingexistingarmoredareasandpotentialarea'sforchanneldegradation.ThestudywillbeconductedusingHEC-6,andHECprogram#723-G2-L2470.SeasonalConstraint:Thiswouldbeasummeroperation.Cost:$20,00068 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-13Activity:ObtainfinalProbableMaximumPrecipitationfromNationalWeatherService.Description:InordertodeveloptheProbableMaximumFloodwhichwillserveastheSpillwayDesignFloodfortherecommendedplanofdevelopmenttitwillbenecessarytoobtaininformationonProbableMaximumPrecipitationtCriticalSnowPackandCriticalTemperatureSequence.Forthepre-authorizationreportttentativevalueswereobtainedfromtheHydrometeorologicalBranchoftheNationalWeatherService(HMB-NWS)inWashingtontD.C.FortheFeasibilityAnalysiseffortsitwillbenecessarytodevelopmoredefinitivevaluesinordertorefinetheSpillwayDesignFloodderivation.HMB-NWSisnormallyfundedforsuchactivitiestandonlyanominalchargewouldberequiredforcoordination.ItshouldbeunderstoodthowevertthatifthisprojectisStatefundedttheNationalWeatherServicemayrequirereimbursementfortheservices.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$ltOOO69 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-14Activity:Recalibratebasinmodel.Description:Inordertoinsurethatthedamswillhavespillwaysofsufficienthydrauliccapacitytoprotectagainstovertopping,eachspillwaywillbedesignedtopassafloodwhichrepresentstheworstpossiblecombinationofhydrometeorologicaleventswhichcouldreasonablybeexpectedfortheUpperSusitnadrainagebasin.ThefloodderivedfromthisanalysisistermedtheSpillwayDesignFlood(SDF).TheSDFwillbederivedfromananalyticalmodeloftheriverbasin.Themodelisadeterministiccomputerprogramwhichsimulatesportionsofthehydrologiccycleinanattempttogeneratelongperiodsofdailyorhourlystreamflowhydrographs.Themodelusedinthepre-authorizationreportwastheStreamflowSynthesisandReservoirRegulation(SSARR)programdevelopedbytheNorthPacificDivision,CorpsofEngineers.DevelopmentoftheSDFwillbeaccomplishedintwophases.Thefirstwillentailmodelcalibration,andthesecondwillbeSDFdetermination.ModelcalibrationwillentailreconstitutionofhistoricstreamflowhydrographsbasedondatainputobtainedfromthedatacollectionnetworkoutlinedunderHY-l.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$25,00070 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-15Activity:Determineprobablemaximumfloodandroutethroughreservoir.Description:UponcalibrationoftheSSARRbasinmodel,theProbableMaximumPrecipitationandothercriticalweatherdataobtainedfromNWS-HWSwillbeputintothemodel,fordeter-miningtheProbableMaximumFlood.Anumberofscenarioswillbeusedtoinsurethatthemostseverefloodisobtained.Thefloodhydrographforeachprojectwillberoutedthroughtherespectivereservoirbasedonanumberofspillwaycapacitycurves.Thiswillserveasthebasisforspillwaysizingneces-sarytomaintainaneconomicalandsafefreeboard.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$15,00071 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-16Activity:DeterminewaterprofilesfromTalkeetnatoWatana.Description:ThisactivitywillentailadeterminationofthewatersurfaceprofileforavarietyofflowsfrombelowTalkeetnatothevicinityofWatanadamsite.Inordertoaccomplishthistask,itwillbenecessarytoprocurerivercross-sectionsatonemileintervals,and,throughtheuseoftheHEC-2BackwaterCurvecomputerprogram,developbackwatercurvesthatcanbematchedagainstrecordedflowatGoldCreekandothergagestobeactivated..SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$25,00072 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-17Activity:Riverandreservoiricestudies.Description:Breakupoftheheadwatersofthereservoirswillresultinreleaseoficewhichmaybeexpectedtoposeproblemsintheupperreachesoftheimpoundmentsintheformofjamming,flowblockage,andiceforces.Thescopeoftheseproblemswillbeassessedandimpactonoperationswillbeevaluated.Fieldobservationsofpresentnaturalbreakupwillcontribute toanesti-mateoftheextentoftheproblem.Operationofamajorpowerplantcauseshigherdischargesduringwintermonths,togetherwithdischargevariations.Bothofthesedischargeconditionscausechangesintheiceregimeofthedownstreamwaters.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoassessthemagnitudeoftheseiceproblemstoincludeevaluationofopenwaterreaches,potentialproductionoffraziliceintheopenwaterreaches,potentialforfloodinganddamageduetoicejams,andpossibleoperationalanddesignmeanstoreducetheseproblems.Thestudywillrequiremappingofthedownstreamriverreaches,identificationofcriticalsitesforicejamming,inventoryofdamage-pronestructures,andanalysisoflengthofopenwaterasafunctionofreleasetemperaturesandweather.Anumberofadditionalicestudieshavebeenidentifiedandshouldbeaccomplishedpriortofinaldesignandconstruction.Thestudiesidentifiedhereinrepresentthosenecessaryforevaluationofprojectfeasibilityandimpactassessment.Someofthecostsassociatedwithdatacollectioninsupportoficestudiesareincludedunderthethreemaindatacollectionprograms.SeasonalConstraint:Muchdatagatheringcanonlybeaccomplishedatspecifictimesduringtheyear.Cost:$130,00073 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-18Activity:Literaturesurveyofexistingstorageprojectsinarcticandsub-arcticenvironments(Icerelatedstudies).Description:AnumberofprojectsinenvironmentsasharshasthoseintheSusitnaBasinhavebeenbuiltinthenorthernpartsofScan-danavia,theSovietUnion,andintheAlpsinSwitzerland.Technicalliteratureisrepletewithdescriptionsoftheseprojects,althoughnotnecessarilyinEnglish.Acompilationofthebestofthesepub-licationsisanecessityinan~ndertakingofthismagnitude.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$20,00074 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-19Activity:Conductliteraturesearchandlimitedfieldsurveyregard-ingicingconsiderationsintransmissionlinedesign.Description:Aninvestigationintothefrequencyofoccurenceandaccumulationofrimeicingonthetransmissionlineandsupportingstructuresneedstoconducted.Thestudy-willincludealiteraturereviewandinterviewswithclimatologists,engineersandmaintenancepersonnelfrompowercompanieswithtransmissionlinesnearthepro-posedtransmissionline!Thestudymayalsoincludefieldinvesti-gations.SeasonalConstraint:WintertimeoperationCost:$15,00075 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-20Activity:Developpost-projectfrequencycurves.Description:Thisactivitywillassistindeterminingthereductioninfloodingdownstreamfromtheprojectsandtheassociatedreductioninflooddamagetodownstreamcommunitiesandstructures.Itwillaidinassessingtheeffectwhichcanbeanticipatedonthedownstreamenvironment.Thiswillbeaccomplishedbyintegratingdailypeakfloweventsintotheseasonalreservoirregulationstudiesandthendevelop-ingpeakfrequencycurvesinthetraditionalmanner.Thiswillbeaccomplishedonlyfortherecommendedplan.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$1,00076 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-2lActivity:Determinepost-projectdownstreamwaterprofiles.Description:Thisstudywillbeconductedinconjunctionwithpost-projectfrequencycurvedeterminations(HY-20)andhourlysimulatedoperationstudies.Themajorpurposeofthesestudieswillbetodeterminethedownstreamimpactfromflowreleasenecessarytomeetavarietyofpowerdemands,andtheriverprofilesassociatedwithareductioninpeakflowsasaresultofreservoirregulation.Thesestudieswillbeaccomplishedonlyforthemorefeasible'plansofdevelopment.ThegeneralmethodofanalysiswillentailroutingtheresultsoftheHY-20studiestopointsdownstreamandthendeterminingbackwatercurvesusingtheHEC-2computerprogramoranunsteady-statemodel.Themoredetailedstudieswillbeassociatedwithroutingvariableflowreleasesforpowerpurposes.Inthiscase,aseriesofdailyloadshapeswillbeassumedinconsonancewithanumberofdownstreamflowconditions.Thereleaseswillberouteddownstreamallowingthedevelopmentofaseriesofstagehydrographs.Thestudywillindicatetheattenuationeffectonflowreleasesaschannelstorageandtributaryinflowbegintopredominate.Thiswillindicatethepossibleneedforare-regulationdamdownstream,orpossiblereregulationfromthemostdownstreampowerproject.ThesestudieswouldbeconductedusingtheHYSYScomputerprogramandbyafinite-differencesteady-stateflowmodel.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$20,00077 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-22Activity:Developreservoirfillingschedules.Description:BecauseoftheseasonalnatureofthestreamflowwithintheUpperSusitnaBasin,andfurther,becauseofthelargevolumeoftheWatanareservoir,itwouldbenecessarytoestablishfillingschedulestoinsureanadequatedownstreamreleaseinconsonancewithefficientreservoirfilling.Thestudywouldentailareservoirregulationanalysis,basedonhistoricstreamflowrecord,inwhichthereservoirisfilled.forvariousdownstreamflowdemandratesunderaverageandcriticalinflowconditions.Anattemptwillbemadetoestablishtheoptimumseasonthatthefillingshouldbegin,andtheseasonalvariabilityofflowreleasesnecessaryforthedownstreamenvironmentandpowerdemand.AnyprojectdevelopeddownstreamfromWatanawouldprobablynotrequireasimilarfillingschedulebecauseofitscomparativelysmallreservoirvolumes.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$9,00078 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-23Activity:Glacialmasswateryieldstudies.Descri~tion:AlargeamountofflowoftheUpperSusitnaRiverisderlveddirectlyfromtheglacialheadwatersinthemountainsoftheAlaskaRange.Thewaterfromtheglacierswillbeadvantageoustohydropowerinsomecases~butpossiblydetrimentalinothers.Theglacierrunoffisguaranteedflowfordecadesevenifdroughtconditionsshouldoccur~becausetheglaciersareprecipitationalreadyinthebasinandreadilyavailableforrunoffeachyear.Ontheotherhand,glacieroutburstscancauseunusualrisesinflowatanytimeoftheyear.Theamountofglacier-derivedwaterandsedimentwouldincreasesignificantlyshouldanyofthelargeglaciersinthebasinsurge.BothSusitnaandWestFork,thetwolargestglaciers~aresurgingglaciersandbothcanbeexpectedtosurgewithinthelifeoftheproject.Thisactivitywillconsistofestablishingreferencepointsontheglacierandmeasuringwaterbalanceandicedynamicsforthesespecificglaciers.Datawillalsobegatheredonglacialstorageandrunoff.SeasonalConstraint:Seasonswillconstrainsomedatacollectionactivities.Costr:$55,00079 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-24Activity:Glacialmasssedimentyield.Description:MostofthesedimentwithintheSusitnaRiverorigi-natesfromtheheadwaterglaciers.Previousstudiesbasedonhistoricaldatahaveindicatedthatthissedimentloadwillhaveaveryminoreffectontheproject.Thisisprimarilybecauseofthelargeproposedreservoirsinrelationtotheestimatedaverageannualsedimentload.However,shouldtheglacierssurge,theycanimpartsignificantlygreatersedimentloadsthanthatoftheaverageannualload.Hence,itisnecessarytoattempttoquantifythemagnitudeofpotentialsedimentloadwhichcouldbeanticipatedshouldtheglacierssurge.Glaciersedimentyieldcouldbestbemeasuredatstreamgagingstations,anditwouldbebestifsedimentmeasuringsitesweremeasuredindependently.Thisinconsonancewithaerialphotographyshouldprovidesufficientinformationfordefinitiveestimates.SeasonalConstraint:Summertimeoperationfordatacollection.Cost:$55,000SQ HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-25Activity:Determineevaporationrates.Description:Usingclimatologicaldatafromthebasin(airtemperature,dewpoint,surfacewatertemperature,windspeed),evaporationratesforthewatersurfacescanbeestimated.Evapotranspirationratesforthelandsurfacesagaincanbeestimatedusingclimatologicaldata(temperatureanddewpointhavetobemeasuredatatleasttwolevels).Theseestimatedvalues,whichareofgreatimportanceastheevaporatedwaterisnotavailableforenergyproduction,canbecheckedagainstthedifferenceofprecipitationandrunoff,whichshouldalsogivetheevaporationrateifgroundwatermovementsandstoragechangesareneglected.DatacollectionnecessarytoaccomplishtheactivityisincludedunderactivityHY-lSeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$10,00081 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-26Activity:Providepreliminaryspillwaydesignflood.Description:Priortoprojectlayoutforthevarioushydroschemesthatwillbeanalyzedunderpreliminarysceening,itwillbenecessarytoprovidepreliminaryfloodvaluessothattheprojectspillwayscanbeproperlysizedforrecon-naissance-gradecostestimatepurposes.Mostofthisinfor-mationcanbeobtainedfromthepre-authorizationfeasibilityreport;however,newvaluesmaybeneededforsomeoftheprojectsnotprevouslyanalyzed'indepth.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$1,00082 HYDROLOGYActivityDesignation:HY-27Activity:Developelevationversuscapacitycurves.Description:Basedonthe20-footcontourmaps,thisactivitywillentailmeasuringthevolumeandareaofthevariousreservoirstobestudiedduringpreliminaryscreeningandlaterduringdetailedfeasibilityanalysis.Thisinformationwillbeusedinthereservoirregulationstudiesandintheimpactassessment.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$8,00083 ENVIRONMENTALActivityDesignation:EN-lilaActivity:Collectchemicalandbiologicalwaterqualitydata.Description:Waterqualitystudiesaredependentuponasuccess-fuldatacollectionprogram.Waterqualitydataparametersshouldinitiallybesampledaminimumofonceevery2or3days.Thesam-plingfrequencycanbelengthenediftheinitialsamplingdemonstratesthatthereislittlechangewithtimeanddischarge.Someparameterscouldbemeasuredwithremotemonitors.Waterqualitydatatobemoni-toredwouldbedissolvedoxygen,B.O.D.,C.O.D.,pH,phosphorous,nitrogen,nitrate,andspecificconductance.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$140,00087 ENVIRONMENTALActivityDesignation:EN-2j2aActivity:Reservoirtemperaturestratificationstudies.Reservoirwaterqualitymodeling.Description:Thesestudieswouldleadprimarilytothedesignofthemulti-levelpowerintakestructuresfortheDevilCanyonandWatanaprojects.Aprojectconstructedwithoutprovisionformulti-levelwithdrawalwouldresultinareservoirthermalregimewhich,whenreleasedtothedownstreamchannel,wouldproduceanannualtemperaturepatterncompletelyreversedfromthenormalcondition.Sincetemperatureisperhapsthegreatestnormalphysicalparameterwhichaffectsdownstreamwaterqualityfrombothachemicalandbiologicalstandpoint,itisimperativethatthereservoirs'temperaturereleasesnotcausedetrimentaldown-streameffects.Inconjunctionwiththetemperaturereleases,itwillbenecessarytoinsurethatthedownstreamdissolvedoxygenlevelsarealsomaintainedatanacceptablelevel.Attainmentofthesetwogoalscanbemetthroughacomputermodelingofthereservoirtodeterminetheoptimumnumberandspacingoftheproposedmulti-levelintakestructures.Physicaldatarequiredforthistypeofstudywouldincludethereservoirgeometry,reservoiroperatingprocedure,naturaltemperatureregime,andannualreservoirinflowandoutflow.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$150,00088 ENVIRONMENTALActivityDesignation:EN-3Activity:Analyzespillwayandoutletworksfordissolvedgasproduction.Description:ExperiencegainedfromoperationofwaterprojectsinthePacificNorthwestindicatesthatthemostefficientspill-wayandoutletworksdesignfromthestandpointofhydraulicdissipationofenergyisnotnecessarilythemostadvantageousmeansofmaintainingdownstreamwaterquality.Caremustbetakentoinsurethatthedesigndoesnotimpartexcessiveamountsofdissolvedgassestothedownstreamchannel,whichcouldpossiblyhaveadetrimentalaffectonresidentandanadromousfisheries.TheDevilCanyongorgeshouldbeanalyzedtodetermineitsnaturalcapa-bilitytodissipatedissolvedgassesforarangeofflows.Muchworkhasbeenaccomplishedinthisarea,anditshouldbepossibletoinsurethatdissolvedgasseswillnotposeaproblemfortheselectedplan.SeasonalConstraint:Watermonitoringduringthesummermonths.Cost:$20,00089 ENVIRONMENTALActivityDesignation:EN-4Activity:Assesserosionpotentialinactivestoragezone.Description:ThepurposeofthisstudywillbetodevelopapreliminarysoilerosionhazardmapfortheSusitnahydro-electricreservoirclearzone.MappingwillbeaccomplishedutilizingblackandwhiteaerialphotographyalongwithERTSimagery,withsufficientgroundtruthmappingtoconfirmtheidentificationofsoiltypes.Allsoiltypeswillbeclassifiedintheclearzoneastotheirpotentialerosionhazard.Thecostassociatedwithmappingis.includedundersurveyrequirements.Inaddition,muchmappingispresentlybeingaccomplishedbytheBureauofLandManagementandSoilConservationService.SeasonalConstraint:Summergroundtruthing.Cost:$20,00090 ECONOMICSTUDIESActivityDesignation:EC-lActivity:Performemploymentbenefitanalysis.Description:Employmentofotherwiseunemployedorunderemployedmanpowerinconstructionandinstallationofaproposedplanisconsideredabeneficialcontributiontonationaleconomicdevelop-mentobjectives.Thiscategoryofbenefitisconceptuallyanadjustmenttothecostofaproject,becausethereisnoeconomiccostassociatedwiththeuseofanotherwiseunemployedresource.Benefitsattributabletounemployedandunderemployedlaborusedinconstructionandinstallationofaplanwillbeincludedintotalplanbenefits,butprojectswillbeformulatedandscaledwithoutconsiderationofemploymentbenefits.First,theestimatednumberofemployedandunemployedconstructionworkersintheregionwillbedeterminedwiththeassistanceoftheStateDepart-mentofLabor.Next,anestimatewillbemadeofthenumberofconstructionworkersrequiredforotherconstructionprojectsintheregion.ThisestimatewillbemadeafterconsultationwithStateandFederalplannersaswellasknowledgeableindividualsintheconstructionindustry.Thelaborcostsandmanpowerre-quirementsassociatedwiththeproposedprojectwillbeestimated,withdetailedconsiderationforallmajorskillcategories.TheStateDepartmentofLaborwillbecontactedtodetermineaverageregionalwageratesforeachofthemajorskillsidentified.Thenextstepwillbetoestimatetheproportionofprojectwagepaymentsforeachskillthatwillgotootherwiseunderemployedorunemployedworkers.Finally,thetotalofwagepaymentstootherwiseunemployedorunderemployedlaborwillbeconvertedtoanaverageannualbasis.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$5,00093 ECONOMIC·STUDIESActivityDesignation:EC-2Activity:Prepareflooddamagepreventionanalysis.Description:Thoughlimited,theincidentalfloodcontrolbenefitswillbeestimatedandincludedintotalprojectbenefits.Construc-tionoftheSusitnaprojectwillreducefloodstagesalongtheSusitnaRiverdownstreamfromtheproposedDevilCanyondam.Thepurposeofthisactivitywillbetoevaluatethesavings,ifany,inpropertydamageandlossthatwillresultfromthereductionoffloodstages.Inaccomplishingthisanalysis,theextentoftheaffectedareawillbedelineatedbasedonhydrologicalstudiesofstreamdischargevolumeandfrequencyandwaterprofilesdown-streamfromtheproject.Thecharacteristicsofthefloodplainwillbedeterminedtogetherwiththepresentlandusepatterns.Basedonforecastsofregionaleconomicactivity,land-usedemandwillbeestimatedandlandusewithandwithouttheprojectwillbeprojected.Thenatureofflooddamageswillbeassessed,andflooddamageswithandwithouttheprojectwillbeestimated.Finally,flooddamagepreventionbenefitswillbecomputedasthedifferencebetweendamageswithandwithouttheproject.Benefitcategoriesthatwillbeconsideredwillincludeland-useintensi-ficationandlocationbenefitsaswellasthereductionofpropertydamagesresultingfrominundation.Theeconmicfeasibilityofprovidingfloodcontrolstoragewillbedetermined.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$12,00094 ECONOMICSTUDIESActivityDesignation:EC-3Activity:Conductpreliminarysocio-economicimpactstudiesforinitialreviewofalternatives.Description:Forthepurposeofpreliminaryscreening,ageneralsocio-economicconditionsprofilewillbeconstructedfromavail-ablereports.Also,futureconditionswillbeprojectedutilizingavailablereportsorstandardforecastingtechniques.Bothoftheprecedingwillbelimitedtostandardsocio-economicparametersandwillingeneralbeanoverview.Impactsthatvariousalternativeplansmayhaveintheseprojectionswillbediscussedinageneralfashion.Thisanalysiswillpermitcomparisonofplans,pinpoint-ingofareasofconcernforlaterstudy,andidentificationofcommunitiesorareasrequiringdetailedanalysis.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$11,00095 ECONOMICSTUDIESActivityDesignation:EC-4Activity:Developdetailedprofilesofsocio-economicconditionsintheimmediateprojectarea,region,andtheState.Description:Thisandthefollowingeconomicstudiesoutlineathoroughinvestigationofsocio-economicimpactsforuseinthedetailedfeasibilityanalysis.The"immediateprojectarea"isthatareareceivingdirectlong-andshort-termimpactsofconstructionandoperationoftheproject.Aprofileofexistingconditionswillbedevelopedfromtheper-spectiveoftheindividualandofthelocalgovernments.Descrip-tionswillinclude publicservices,taxstructure,propertyvalues,populationdistributionsandtrends,localemploymentdata,lifestyles,communityrelationships,landuseprograms,etc.The"region"willincludetheareadirectlyaffectedbyutilizationofprojectoutputs.Theprofilewillemphasizethosesocio-economicfactorsaffectedbythisutilization,includingpopulationdistributionsandtrends,employment/unemploymentdata,currentpowerusagepatterns,industrialbase,andgeneralizedregionalconditions.Wherenecessary,specificfactorswillbeseparatedfromthemoregeneralandgivenspecialattention.Similar"State-wide"socio-economicconditionsandparameterswillbepresentedforcomparison.Inaddition,areaslikelytospecificallyconstituteanimpacttotheStatewillbeaddressed,includingtaxstructureandfinancialconditions.RegionalandStateprofilescandrawheavilyonthebasestudycompletedunderactivityPM-2.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$15,00096 ECONOMICSTUDIESActivityDesignation:EC-5Activity:Forecastfuture"without-project"conditions.Description:Toassessprojectimpactsalong-termforecastoffutureconditions"withouttheproject"willberequiredfortheimmediateprojectareaandtheregion.Theforecastfortheimmediateprojectareawillbecompletedafterinterviewswithlocalofficials,considerationoflocaldesiresandaspirations,reviewoflanduseandotherprograms,andutilizationofstandardforecastingtechniques.Theresultswillbetranslatedtopara-metersconsistentwiththesocia-economicprofile.Theregional"mostprobablefuture"willbeobtainedlargelyfromotherstudyefforts(activitiesPM-3andPM-4),andshouldonlyrequiretai-loringtobeconsistentwithprofiledata.Oneareaofadditionalforecastingeffortwillbeinthosesituationswherespecificindustrialorotherspecializedimpactsareanticipated.Primaryeffortwillbetowardlocalprojectionsneededforimpactanalysis.RegionalprojectionswilldrawonactivitiesPM-3,4,7,&9.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$15,00097 ECONOMICSTUDIESActivityDesignation:EC-6Activity:ForecastfutureIIwith-projectliconditions.Description:Theplansreviewedduringthedetailedfeasibilityanalysiswillbeassessedtoidentifyimpactstheymighthaveonlocalorregionalconditions.Thiswillrequireaforecastofbothshort-termconditionsduringandjustafterprojectcon-structionandlong-termestimatesduringthelifeoftheproject.Short-termforecastswillestimatehowimmediateprojectareaconditionsareexpectedtochange,including:additionalrequire-mentsplacedonlocalpublicservices,changesinpopulationandemploymentcharacteristics,specificindustryimpacts,andchangesincommunityrelations.Long-termforecastsofIIwithprojectconditionsllwillinvolvebothimmediateprojectandregionalareas.Localconditionsareexpectedtobeaffectedprimarilybyphysicalpresenceandoperationoftheproject,alongwithholdovereffectsfromconstructionactivity.Regionalconditionswillbeaffectedmorebydevelopmentdifferencesthatoccurbecauseoftype,cost,andtimingofaplan.Wherespecificregionalimpacts(e.g.,thecoalindustry)areobserved,specialemphasiswillberequired.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$20,00098 ECONOMICSTUDIESActivityDesignation:EC-7Activity:Identifyandevaluatesignificantsocio-economiceffects.Description:Thisactivitywillidentify,describeandmeasure,whenpossible,thesignificantsocio-economicimpactsofeachplan,andvalidatetheresultsviapublicandagencyreview.Aftercompletionofasocio-economicprofileandthewith/withoutprojectforecastsoflocalandregionalconditions,theimpactswillbeorderedsothatsignificantimpactscanbeselected.Acolumnarimpact/projectformathasusuallybeenusedsoallalternativeplanscanbedis-playedsidebysideforeaseofcomparison.Inputfl~omthepublicandappropriateagencieswillberequestedtoassurethatallsignificantimpactshavebeenaddressed.TheresultsofthisactivitywillbepresentedintheEnvironmentalStudiesAppendix.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$6,00099 RECREATIONActivityDesignation:R-lActivity:Conductdatasearchandevaluation.Description:Apreliminarydatasearchwillbeperformedtoinsurethatallavailableinformationpertinenttosubsequentstudyactivitiesislocatedanddocumented.Thissearchwillprimarilyconcentrateondataavailablefromotheragenciesconcerningrecreationmarketanalysisandprojectrecreationdevelopmentpotentialandconstraints.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$5,000103 RECREATIONActivityDesignation:R-2Activity:Makesupply/demandanalysisoftherecreationmarketarea,anddeterminemarketareaneedsforoutdoorrecreationopportunitiesandfacilities.Description:Therecreationmarketareawillbedefinedandmappedtoaccountforbothday-useandovernight-usevisitors.Themarketarea'spresentandprojectedsocio-economiccharac-teristicswillbedescribedandevaluatedtoassesstheireffectupontherecreationneedsandrequirementsofthemarketareaconsumer.Therecreationactivitypreferencesofthemarketareaconsumerwillbedeterminedanddescribedutilizingavailabledataaswellasthroughapublicinvolve-mentprogram.Existingandplannedoutdoorrecreationfaci-litieswithinthemarketareawillbeinventoried,described,andmapped.ThiswillrequireclosecoordinationwiththeStateofAlaskaDivisionofParks,otherFederalandStateagencies,andprivateentrepreneurs.Currentandprojectedmarket-arearecreationdemandswillbedetermined,baseduponevaluationoftheabovefactors.Comparativeanalysisofsupplyanddemandrelationshipswillprovideinsightintofacility/opportunitysurplusesordeficiencieswithingivenincrementsoftime.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$20,000 RECREATIONActivityDesignation:R-3Activity:Developalternativeplansforpublicrecreationandrelatedresourcesuses.Description:Theoutdoorrecreationfacility/opportunityneedsofthemarketareaconsumerwillbesynthesizedwiththephysicalandbiologicalfeaturesoftheproject.Initialandfutureout-doorrecreationdevelopmentalternativesandalternativesforotherrelatedresourceuseswillbedescribedandmapped.Alter-nativessodescribedwillrelatetomarketarearecreationneedsandtotheconstraints,potentials,andcapabilitiesoftheproject'sresources.Initialandfuturelevelsofvisitorattendancewillbedeterminedforeachalternativeplanbycalcu-latinginstantaneoususe,turnoverfactors,seasonality,andratiosofactivityduplication.Ultimateuse,ormaximumprac-ticaluse,willbecalculatedinrecognitionoflimitationsimposedbylowdemandsandresourcecapacity.Developmentmeasuresforenhancingenvironmentalqualityandaestheticsassociatedwithprojectstructures,roads,andotherfeatureswillbeplannedanddescribedindetail.Apublicinvolvementprogramwillberequired,togetherwithcloseandcontinuedcoordinationwiththeState.Fieldinspectionsoftheprojectareawillbeimpor-tantaspectsofthisactivity.SeasonalConstraint:Fieldinspectionsmustbeconductedduringthe~ummermonths.Cost:$15,000105 RECREATIONActivityDesignation:R-4Activity:Evaluatecostsandbenefitsofalternativeplansforpublicrecreationandrelatedresourceuses,andselectbestalternative.Description:TheinformationgeneratedinactivitiesR-2and3willbeevaluatedinordertoattachdollarvaluestothephaseddevelopmentalternatives.Developmentcostsaswellastheoperation,maintenance,andreplacementcostsforeachalterna-tivemustbeamortizedinordertodeterminetheaverageannualcostsforthesefunctions.Benefitswillbedeterminedthrougheconomicanalysisforprojectedattendanceinconjunctionwitheachalternativetoarriveataverageannualattendance.User-dayvalueswillbeassignedtotheseattendancefigurestoarriveataverageannualbenefits.Selectionofthefinalalter-nativewilldependuponpublicinputaswellasuponthedesiresandfinancialcapabilitiesoftheStateofAlaska.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$16,000106 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-lActivity:Review1976feasibilityreport.Description:ReviewthepreauthorizationfeasibilityreporttoidentifyformulationtaskswhichhavealreadybeencompletedandcanserveasdirectinputtothepresentPlanFormulationefforts.Thiswillincludeareviewofalternativedevelopmentplanstodetermineiftheyshouldbereanalizedinmoredepthasaresultofanupdateddatabase.Thoseconclusionswhicharestillcurrentwillbeuseddirectlyintheformulationprocess.SeasonalConstraint:None109 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-2Activity:Updatepowervalues.Description:Benefitsandcostsoftheseveralalternativeplansmustbecalculatedonacomparablebasis.Thiswillnecessitateupdatingthepowervaluesuponwhichpowerbenefitsarebased.Thepowervaluesarethecostsofcapacityandenergyproducedbythemosteconomicalavailablenonhydroalternative,inthiscasecoalgeneration.Thepowervaluesusedinthe1976Feasi-bilityReportwillbeupdatedtoreflectchangesingenerationcostsince1975.Theseupdatedpowervalueswillbeutilizedduringthepreliminaryscreening,whilemorerefinedvaluesdevelopedinconjunctionwithactivityPM-llwillbeusedinthedetailedfeasibilityanalysis.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$3,000110 PLANFOR~1ULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-3Activity:Establishevaluationcriteria.Description:Thisactivitywillbeaimedatdescribingthemarket-ingandtechnicalparametersassociatedwithhydroelectricthatwillbeusedinevaluatingtheenergycapabilitiesofthevariousalternativedevelopments,andtheeconomicvalueoftheresource.Technicalcriteriawillentailsuchaspectsastailwaterratingcurves,hydrauliclosscurves,evaporationrates,leakageandseepagelosses,transmissionlosses,sedimentationrates,operatingrulecurves,drawdownlimitations,etc.Criteriaassociatedwitheconomicswouldentailseasonalenergydemand,projectedenergyandcapacityrequirements,aprojectionofusableenergyandcapa-city,andanestimateoftheunitvalueofprimeenergy,secondaryenergy,dependablecapacity,andinterruptiblecapacity.TheobjectivesaretheNational,State,andlocalwaterandrelatedlandresourcemanagementneedsspecifictotherailbeltareathatcanbeaddressedtoenhancenationaleconomicdevelopmentandenvi-ronmentalquality.Duringthepreauthorizationstudies,specificobjectiveswereidentifiedfromexpressionsofgovernmentalagencies,industry,specialinterestgroups,andprivatecitizens.They.includedaprojectedneedforincreasedsuppliesofelectricalenergy,aneedforreductionorpreventionofflooddamages,aneedforimprovedsmallboatanddeepdraftnavigationconditions,aneedforincreasedmunicipalwatersupply,aneedforfuturesup-plies~firrigationwater,aneedforreductionofairpollutioninFairbanksandAnchorage,aneedtoconserveandenhancefishandwildliferesources,aneedforadditionalrecreationopportunities,adesiretopreserveandmaintain"theAlaskanwayoflife,"anationaldesiretoachieveenergyindependence,andthenationaldesiretoconservenonrenewableresources.Itwillbenecessarytoreevaluatetheseobjectivesbasedonnationalpolicyandexpres-sionsofdesirestobeobtainedfrompublicinput.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$5,000111 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-4Activity:Identifypossiblesolutions.Description:Thisactivitywillbeaimedatidentifyingthealter-nativesavailabletomeetthestudyobjectives.Thepurposewillbetoinsurethatallalternativesareevaluatedduringthescreen-ingandevaluatingprocess.Thiswillrequireaninventoryofresourcesavailablewithintheimmediatearea.Itwillalsoentailaliteraturereviewtoascertainthepresentstate-of-the-artassociatedwith developingsomeoftheexoticresources.Thiswillentailareviewoftheeconomicsandenvironmentalimpacts.Finally,specificdevelopmentideasmentionedinpreviousdocumentsandreportsfortherailbeltareawillbeidentified.Thepre-authorizationreportidentifiedthefollowingenergyalternatives:coal,naturalgas,oil,wind,tide,geothermal,solar,nogrowth,nuclear,wood,intertie,solidwaste,andhydropower.Tothislistmightbeaddedsofttechniquesorotherswhichmaybecomeavailableduringtheplanningphase.Thisactivitywillincluderefiningalternativeplanswithoutconcentratingondetailedengineeringanddesignconsiderations.Thesealternativeplanswillhelptomakeobvioustheconsequencesthatconcentrationononeoftheotherobjectveswillcostintermsoftheremainingobjectives.Thus,consideringeachalternative1scontributiontothenationalandlocalobjectiveswilldisclosethatmanyofthealternativescanbeeliminatedwithoutanindepthanalysis.Thefirstscreeningwilleliminatetheobviouslyunfulfillingalternativesbecauseoftheireconomicinferiorityordetrimentaleffectontheenvironment.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$8,000112 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-5Activity:Coordinatesitelayoutactivities.Description:ThisactivitywillentailtheidentificationofspecificdamsitesthatcouldbedevelopedwithintheUpperSusitnaBasin,andthecombinationsofdamswhichwouldcomposethevarioussystemsofdevelopment.Foreachproposedsystem,majorprojectfeatures willbelaidoutandreconnaissance-gradedesignwillbeaccomplished.Thiswillinsurethatmajorfeaturesarecompatiblewiththelocaltopographyandfoundationconditions.Majorattentionwill'begiventodamheightsandtypesofstruc-tures.Theselectionofplanstobeevaluatedwillbeaccomplishedbytheorganizationresponsibleforreservoirregulationstudies.Thatorganization,however,willhavetoworkcloselywithfounda-tionsandmaterialsspecialiststoinsurethatspecificsitesappeartobefeasibletodevelop.Eachdamevaluatedwillrequirethatanumberofstructuralheightsareanalyzed.Thiswillinsureoptimumscopingofeachproject.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$40,000113 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-6Activity:Conductmasstake-offsanddevelopcostestimates.Description:Theonlyplanofdevelopmentthatwillbecostestimatedindetailwillbetheplanrecommendedforfinaldevelopment.Thus,duringplanformulation,theestimateswillbeofreconnaissancegrade.Thiswillrequiremasstake-offstowhichunitpricescanbeaffixed.Foreachdamsiteevaluated,itwillbenecessarytoprovidecostestimatesforavarietyofdamheightsandstructuraltypes.Theestimatesshouldbeofsufficientdetail,however,thattheyarecompatiblewiththedetailedcostestimatefortheselectedplan.Estimateswillbeforalldesignfeatures(transmissionline,powerhouse,dam,spillway,accessroad,etc.)basedonpresent-daypricelevels.Contingenciesshouldbeinthe15to20percentrange.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:ThecostanddurationofthisactivityhasbeenincludedunderthedesignconsiderationportionofthePlanofStudy.114 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-7Activity:Includereregulationdamincostsifnecessary.Description:BasedonactivityPS-3,ifitisdeterminedthatareregulationdamisnecessary,thenthedesignandcostofsuchastructurewouldberequired.Thepossibilityofinstal-linggeneratingcapacityinthereregulatorshouldalsobeexplored.Thiswouldalsorequirethatsufficientenvironmentalinformationisgatheredtoallowforeffectassessmentofdownstreameffects.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$1,000115 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-8Activity:Developpreliminarypowerbenefitsandassesseconomicattractiveness.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivitywillbetodeterminetheeconomicvalueofthemajorplansfordevelopmentin.lightofthecriteriaestablishedunderthepowermarketinganalysis.Inessence,itwillentailcomparingprojectbenefitstoprojectcosts.Projectbenefitscanestimatedbydeterminingtheamountsofenergyandcapacitythatcanbeabsorbedintotheloadduringthelifeoftheproject.Thiswillbeinfluencedbytheloadgrowthofthearea,theamountofthermalgenerationintheexist-ingsystem,theconditionoftheexistinggeneration,andthevalueofthehydroinrelationtonewandexistingenergyplants.Thenbydeterminingthevalueofthehydro(whichisreallythecostofdevelopingthemostfeasiblealternativetohydroandcomparingthistothecostofhydrodevelopment),theeconomicvalueofthevariousalternativescanbedetermined.Thevalueofthehydroshouldbeestimatedbyalifecycleanalysisoftheenergyresourcethatwouldbedevelopedinlieuofthehydroproject.ThusthereplacementcostandfuturevalueofthefuelandO&Mcomponentswillbepresentworthedtoapresentdayvalue.Thiswillbecomparedagainsttheamortizedcostofprojectconstruction.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$10,000116 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-9Activity:Makepreliminaryassessmentofalternativeplancosts,benefits,andimpacts.Description:Thisscreeninganalysiswillattempttonarrowthechoiceofavailablealternativesdowntoachosenfewwhichwillbeevaluatedinspecificdetail.Thus,thescreeningprocesswillbeaccomplishedinthreephases.Thissecondstagewillbebasedonamoreindepthanalysisoftheenvironmentalimpactsandeconomicsofspecificplansfordevelopmentthanwasaccom-plishedunderthefirstscreening.Thus,reconnaissancegradecostestimatesandbenefitassessmentswillbenecessaryaswilleffectassessment.ThealternativeswillbeevaluatedintermsofthecontributiontoStateandnationaleconomicobjectivesaswellastoenvironmentalpreservation.Onlythoseplansthatappeartobeeconomicallyfeasiblewillbeconsideredforplanselection.Fromthisscreeningwillcomeadetailedcomparisonoftheremainingalternatives(presumablyhydropowerandcoal)astotheirrelativeenvironmentalandsocio-economicimpacts.Determinationofimpactswillrequireareasonabledegreeofaccuracyatthisstage,whichinturnisdependentuponsuffi-cientstructuralanddesigndetailtomorepreciselyevaluatethedifferencesamongtheremainingalternatives.Detailedeffectsonwaterandlandresourcesandeconomicandsocialaspectsofhumanusewillbemeasuredordescribedbyadeter-mihationofincrementalchangesintheapplicablefactorsofaffectedenvironmentalcomponents.Whereverpossiblethiswillrequirequantification,particularlyofeffectsonwaterandlandresources.Thesamefactorswillbequantifiedforeachalternative.Evaluationofthealternativeplansintermsofenvironmentalpreservationwillreflectsocietalpreferencesfortheenvironmentalcontributionstothealternativeplans.Thiswillactivelyaddresstheplanningobjectivesinawaywhichemphasizes,aesthetic,ecological,andculturalcontri-butions.Sinceitisassumedthatstrictadherencetoenviron-mentalpreservationwillsignificantlyprecludephysicalcon-structionordevelopment,itisnecessarythatsomepositiveactionbeidentifiedtoassurethataIInodevelopmentllplanberealized.Consequently,energyevaluationwillrequireaninterpertationofStateobjectivestowardeconomicdevelopment.SeasonalContraint:NoneCost:$5,000117 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-10Activity:Updatetheimpactanalysisasneeded.Description:Foreachoftheseveralalternativeplansthatarecarriedbeyondthesecondscreening,thetabulationofplanimpactswillbekeptupdated.AsphaseIstudiesprogressandasplansarerefined,significantimpactswillbeidentifiedandevaluatedthroughvariousimpactstudiesdiscussedelsewhere.Thisactivitywillconsistofdrawinguponthesestudiestodevelopanon-goingtableofdifferentialplanimpactsforuseinimpactassessmentandplanformulation.SeasonalConstraint:None118 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-llActivity:Studyfeasibilityoffutureunitsanddownstreamreregulation.Description:Fromtheproductioncostmodel(PS-4),theneedforandtimingofadditionalunitswillbedetermined.Fromtheroutingstudies(PS-2)andrelatedenvironmentalstudies,theneedforareregulatorwillbedetermined.Withdataonmostlikelythermalalternative(PM-llandPS-4),benefitswillbecomputed.Withdataoncostofaddedunitsandreregulator,economicfeasibilityofaddedunitswillbedetermined.Itmaybedesirabletotestseveralratesofloadgrowthtoseeiftheyhaveanyimpactonfeasibilityofaddedunits.Thestudywillhavetoconsidersunkcostsandpresentworthoffuturecostsandbenefits.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$4,000119 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-12Activity:Conducthourlyloadingstudies.Description:StudiesmustbemadetodeterminethemostlikelyloadingsofSusitnahydroonanhourlybasis.Thismustbedoneasinputforstreamflowroutingstudies.Itwillalsoserveasinputdataonhourlysystemloadgrowthstudiesandwillbedoneforselectedtimesoftheyear(oneforeachdefinableseason,atleast)andforvariouspointsintime(5-or10-yearintervalsfrom1985to2015).Usinginputdataonotheravailablegeneratingresources(PM-5&10),loadingofSusitnahydrounderthevariousconditionswillbedonewiththehelpoftheproductioncostmodel(PS-4).SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$3,000120 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-13Activity:Assesssensitivitytoloadgrowth.Description:Thisactivitywillentailanassessmentoftheeconomicsoftheselectedplanshouldtheprojectedloadgrowthbesignificantlygreaterorlessthanthatanticipated.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$l~OOO121 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-14Activity:Conductsystemanalysisstudiesonalternativedevelopments.Description:Thesestudieswillbeconductedinordertoevaluatethecapabilityofthealternativedevelopmenttomeetsystemloads.Presumably,coalfiredgenerationwillbeselectedasthemostviablealternativetoSusitnahydro.Byanalyzingthecoalalter-nativeusingthe"ProductionCost"model,itwillbepossibletodeterminehowthecoalalternativewillfitintotheintegratedloadsystemandifitprovidesamoreflexiblealternativethanthehydrosystem.Thestudymayhighlightaneedforavarietyofgeneratingmodesthatcouldmeetthetotalsystemcapacityrequirements.ThestudywouldalsoindicatethedesirabilityofinterconnectingtheAnchorageandFairbanksloadcenters.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$20,000122 PLANFORMULATIONActivityDesignation:PF-15Activity:Comparebenefitandcostestimates.Description:Thisactivitywillentailthedevelopmentoftheeconomicsoftheselectedplanofdevelopment.Itwillincludeasynopsisofthetotalcostoftheselectedplanbasedonagiventimeframe.Costswillincludetotalconstructioncosts,interestduringconstruction,engineeringanddesigncosts,supervisionandadministrationofconstruction,andoperationandmaintenanceoftheprojects.Thesecostswillbeamortizedattheselectedinterestrateoverthepayoutperiodoftheproject,thusprovidinganaverageannualcost.Thebenefitswillalsobeestimatedonanannualbasisandwillessentiallyrepresentthecostofprovidinganequivalentamountofpowerbythemostlikelyalternativetotheselectedplan.Acompar-isonofthebenefitsandcostswillindicatetheeconomicattractivenessoftheselectedplan.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$3,000123 POWERSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PS-lActivity:Identifyoptimumdamheights,reservoirstorage,andoptimumpowerfromseasonalregulationstudies.Description:Basedonthepoweravailablefromthevariousschemesofdevelopmentandthe multitudeofcombinationsofdamheights,typesofdam,stagesequences,etc.,itshouldbepossibletodevelopanumberoftotalconstructioncostestimatesforeachschemeandcombinationanalyzed.Assign-mentofbenefitsbasedonthecombinationsforeachschemeanalyzedshouldallowidentificationoftheoptimumcompon-entsassociatedwithpowerdevelopment.Thiswouldincludeoptimumdamheight,maximumdrawdowndetermination,optimumstaging,etc.Fromthistypeofanalysis,theoptimumcom-binationsassociatedwitheachdevelopmentschemecanbeselectedforeffectassessmentunderthepreliminaryscreen-ing.Thisactivitywillencompassadescriptionoftheturbinespecificationsandoperationalcapabilitiesoftheselectedplanofdevelopment.Thiswillrequireefficiencycurvesfortheturbinesandadescriptionoftheturbines'operationallimits.Thelimitswillentaildeterminationofsuchitemsasmaximumhead,minimumdrawdown,tailwaterratingcurvesandplacementoftheturbinetoprecludedamagetotheturbinescausedbylowpressure(cavitation).Efficiencycurvescanbecomputer-generatedortheymaybeobtainedfrommanufacturers.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$40,000127 POWERSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PS-2Activity:Conducthourlyoperationsimulations.Description:Conducthourlysimulatedoperationforthemorefeasibleplans,androutethemdownstream.Theworkwillconsistofdevelopingthedataforthebasicmathematicalmodelconsistingofdownstreamchannelgeometry,projectcharacteristics,variationsinthedailypowerloadforthesystem,andothersimilarinformation.Thiswillbefollowedbymodelcalibrationtoinsurethatthenaturalsystemisbeingproperlysimulated.Itwillthenbenecessarytodeterminethesituationsunderwhichthepro-jectwilloperate.Thiswillentaildeterminingseasonalwaterconditionsandseasonalpowerloadshapes,numberofelectricalgenerationunitsateachproject,theamountofcapacityineachpowerhouse,andtheavailabilityofareregulationdam.Resultsofhourlysimulationswillbeevaluatedtodeterminetheeffectsdownstreamfromthestandpointsofnavigationandrecreationsafety,theeffectsonthewintericecover,andtheeffectsonthedownstreamenvironment.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$70,000128 POWERSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PS-3Activity:Evaluate,forfeasibleplans,thedownstreamimpactswithandwithoutareregulatingdam.Description:Downstreamroutingstudiesofpowerhousedischargesforthemorefeasibleplansofdevelopmentwillberequiredtodeterminewaterlevelfluctuationsthatcanbeexpectedtooccur.TheriverreachtobestudiedwillbefromtheWatanaprojectdownstreamtothetownofTalkeetna.Sincedetailedchannelgeometrywillbeavailablefromthewatersurfaceprofiledeter-minations(HY-16),itislikelythattheGraduallyVariedUnsteadyFlowComputerProgram(SOCH)willbeutilized.Thisprogramisafinite-differencesolutiontothecompleteequationsofun-steadyflowinopenchannels.TheprogramwasoriginallydevelopedbyTVA,andmodifiedslightlybytheCorpsHydrologicEngineeringCenter.Itemploysdetailedchannelgeometrytakenfromsurveyedcross-sectionsoftheriverandestimatedchannelroughnessfactorstoprovidethesolution.Evaluationofdownstreamimpactswillrequireacomparisonbetweensimulationswithandwithoutreregu-lationforwatersurfacechangesonanhourly,daily,andsea-sonalbasis.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$40,000129 POWERSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PS-4Activity:Developproductioncostmodel.Description:ThismathematicalmodelwillbeusedtodeterminetheoptimumroleofSusitnahydroincontributingtothetotalpowerloadoftheRailbeltAreaatvariouspointsintime(1985-2015),andhencethevalueoftheenergytothesystem,andthepossibleneedforandtimingofadditionalunits(PF-15).Itwillalsoaidintheselectionofthethermalalternative(s)uponwhichbenefitswillbebased(PM-ll).TheworkwillinvolvesettingupthenumericalmodelfortheRailbeltArea,andthendevelopingaprogrambasedonanumberofscenariosfordevelop-mentofthemarketarea.ThiswillbefollowedbyaseriesofstudiestodeterminetheoptimumroleofSusitnahydroatvariouspointsintime(5-or10-yearintervals,1985-2015).Insimilarfashionitwillbenecessarytoevaluatethevariousthermalalternativesinordertodeterminetheleast-costalterantivecapableofdoingthesamejob.Then,basedonlong-rangepowerdemandprojections,evaluationwillbeaccomplishedofadditionalunitsfortheselectedplanatvariouspointsintime.Varioussensitivitytestswillbemadeasrequired,suchastheimpactofdifferentratesofloadgrowth,impactofloadshapemanage-ment,andimpactoffuelcostescalation.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$48,000130 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-lActivity:Updatepowermarketanalysisfromfeasibilityreport.Description:Theloadgrowthforecastandmarketingassumptionsonwhichthe1976feasibilityreportwasbasedwillbereviewed.Assumptionsoftheseearlieranalyseswillbecheckedagainstactualeventsandmorerecentinformationandstudies.Adjust-mentswillbemadeastheneedisindicated.Thisactivityonlyconstitutesaninitialanalysisforthepurposeofpreliminaryscreening;itwillbefollowedbyanextensivepowermarketstudythatwillspanthesucceeding2yearsandwhichwillbeutilizedinthedetailedfeasibilityanalysis.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$6,000133 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-2Activity:Preparesocio-economicbasestudy.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivityistoprovideabase-lineanalysisoftheregion,whichwillserveasthebasisofforecastingfutureeconomicdevelopment,employmentandpopu-lationgrowth,andelectricenergydemand.Thestudywilldefinethelimitsoftheregionanddescribeitssalientphysicalfeaturesandclimaticconditions.Existingdataandreportsonnaturalresourcesoftheregionwillbereviewed,andafairlydetaileddiscussionofsignficantnaturalresourceswith-inordirectlyaffectedbytheregionwillberepresented.Presentlandusepatternswillbedescribedanddiscussed.Historicalandpresentdemographictrendsincludingpopulationcharacteristics,laborforceparticipation,andemploymentandunemploymentwillbeevaluated.Inaddition,majorindustrieswithintheregionwillbedescribed,andhistoricalandpresenteconomicdevelopmenttrendswillbediscussed.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$75,000134 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-3Activity:Forecastfuturedevelopment.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivitywillbetopreparearangeofforecastsoffutureeconomicdevelopmentsandtoidentifythemostprobableforecasts.Theanalysiswillbebaseduponthefindingsofthebaselinesocio-economicstudiesoftheregion.Alternativeassumptionsanddevelopmentscenarioswillbeformulated,andwillbepresentedtosupporttherangeofforecaststhatwillbederived.Existingecono-metricmodelsoftheregionandStatewillbereviewed,andifpossibleadaptedforuseinmakingtheactualforecasts.Sincetheeconomiclifeoftheprojectis100years,fore-castswillbemadefortheshort-term(presentto1985),inter-mediate(1986-2036),andlong-term(throughtheendoftheprojectlife)conditions.Short-andintermediate-termfore-castswillberelativelydetailed,whilelong-termprojectionswillbeshownbydecade.Thoseforecastswillserveasthebasisforemploymentandpopulationforecasts.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$28,000135 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-4Activity:Forecastemploymentandpopulationgrowth.Description:ThisactivitywillfollowactivityPM-3.Thepurposeoftheemploymentforecastistoestablishabasisformakingthepopulationforecast.Bothforecastsarerequiredinputtotheforecastofelectricalenergydemand.Forecastswillbemadeindetailcomparabletothatusedforpreparationoftheeconomicdevelopmentforecast,activityPM-3.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$11,000136 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-5Activity:Describeexistingandplannedpowergenerationthrough1985.Description:TodeterminetheoptimumrolefortheSusitnaprojectinmeetingtheareaload,andhencetheplantsize,itisnecessarytodescribethesystemofprojectswithwhichSusitnahydrowilloperate.Thiswillinvolveinven-toryingtheexistingandcommittedgeneratingresourcesintheRailbelt.Area,andprojectingthemostlikelymixofadditionalresourceswhichwouldbebuilttohandleloadgrowththrough1985.Inaddition,theexistingresourceswillbereviewedtodetermineifsomeplantswouldlikelyberetiredorplacedonstandbyreserve.(DatawillberequiredonplantoperatingcharacteristicsandcostsforinputtoproductioncostmodelPS-4).MostofthedatawillcomefromthelocalutilitiesandtheFederalPowerCommission.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$3,000137 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-6Activity:Assesselectricenergyusetrends.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivitywillbetoevaluatehistoricalandcurrentfactorswhichinfluencetheuseofelectricitywithintheregion.Historicaldataonelectricenergyusewillbereviewedandevaluated,andtrendswillbeestablished.Factorswhichhavehistoricallyhadand/orwhichprobablywillhaveasignificantimpactonfutureelectricenergyuse-trendswillbeconsidered.Suchfactorswillincludebutnotbelimited'totheoutlookforenergyconservation,efficiencyinenergyuse,andtheoutlookforfutureenergy-intensiveindustries.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$15,000138 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-7Activity:Developelectricitydemandforecastsbysector.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivitywi11betobringtogethertheresultsofactivitiesPM-3,4,and6,anddevelopforecastsforregionalelectricitydemand.Theseforecastswillbemadeindetailandscopewhichiscom-parabletothosemadeduringactivitiesPM-3and4.Inmakingtheanalysis,eachsector(residential,commercial/industrial,municipal,andother)willbeevaluatedsepa-rately.Anlntegralpartofthestudywillbetoassessthesensitivityofdemandtorelativepricechangesamongenergysourcesandtoevaluatethesubstitutabilityofalternativeenergysourcesforenergy-intensiveindustries.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$50,000139 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-8Activity:Developloaddistributiondataanddurationcurves.Description:Thisactivitywillentaildevelopingmonthlyloaddurationcurves,developingannualdistributionofloadbymonth,anddevelopingtypicaldailyloadshapesforselectedtimesoftheyearandresidualdailyloadshapestobecarriedbyhydro.Thiswillinvolveobtaininghistoricalloaddatafromutilities,AlaskaPowerAdministrationandtheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission,plottingitinthevariousfor-matsdescribedabove,andmakingadjustmentstoreflectpro-jectedconditionsatvariousfuturepointsintime(at5-orla-yearintervalsfrom1985to2015).Someofthisdatahasalreadybeendevelopedunderpriorstudies.Developmentofresidualhourlyloadshapesatvariouspointsintimewillbedoneinconcertwithproductioncostmodelstudies.(PS-4)SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$15,000140 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-9Activity:Assesslongtermpoweroutlookandsystemrequirements.Discription:Thepurposeofthisactivitywillbetobringtogethertheresultsoflong~termelectricalenergydemandforecasts(activityPM-7)andthepreliminary~resultspfpowerproductioncoststudies(PS-4)inacomputeranalysiswhichwillidentifytheprobablefuturepowergenerationsystemrequirementsintheregion.Theprincipalfunctionofthisstudywillbetopredictthemosteconomicaladditionstothesysteminthefutureandtoidentifythemosteconomicaloperational·positioninthefuturepowersystemfortheproposedSusitnaproject.Systemcapacityandpeakingrequirementswillbeanalyzedandpossiblefuturemodificationsoftheprojectwillbeidentified.TodeterminethesystemenergybenefitsforSusitnahydro,theroleofSusitnahydrointhefuturesystem,andthepossibleneedandtimingofadditionalunits,itwillbenecessarytodescribeoperationofthesystematvariousfuturepointsintime(5-or10-yearintervalsfrom1985to2015).Todothisitwillbenecessarytodescribethemixofgeneratingresourcesthatwilllikelydeveloppost-Susitna.Consistentwithloadgrowthprojections,oneormorelikelysystemsofadditionalgeneratingresourceswillhavetobe~eveloped.Inadd~tiontotheprojectedgeneratingresourcemix,datawillhavetobedevelopedonoperatingcharacteristicsandcostsforPS-4.Retirementsofexistinggenerationwillhavetobeconsidered.DevelopmentoftheprojectedsystemswillbeareiterativeprocesswithPS-4.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$25,000141 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-10Activity:Evaluatetheretirementofexistingandplannedpowerplants.Description:ThisactivityisadetailedassessmentofspecificRailbeltAreautilitieswithregardtonecessaryactionsontheirparttoaccommodatetherecommendedplanofdevelopment.Theimpactofthedevelopmentonthelocalutilitieswillbeidentifiedandevaluated.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$14,000142 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-llActivity:Evaluatealternativepowersources.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivitywillbetoestablishthecostofgeneratingelectricityintheregionbythermalplants.Thiscostdatawillestablishthebaselineoralter-nativeconditionagainstwhichtheeconomicfeasibilityofhydroelectricgenerationintheSusitnawillbemeasured.Thestudywillexaminerecentindustrytrendsinenergyandcapacitycosts.Itwillreviewandestablishtheavailabilityofvarioustypesoffossilfuelsforthermalgeneration;thecosttrendsofthosefuelswillbeexaminedonaregional,State,andnationalbasis.Futurerealcostincreasesforfuelwillalsobeconsidered.Engineeringlyfeasiblethermalpowergenerationalternativeswillbeidentified,andconstructionandoperationalcostswillbeexaminedinordertoestablishpowerandenergyvaluesforuseinevaluatingbenefitstotheSusitnaproject.Thermalpowerplantconstructioncostdatafortheregionandforthewesternstatesregionwillbereviewed.Probableplantlocationswillbeestablishedandgeneralsiteproblemswillbeidentified.Presentandpendingairandwaterpollutionstan-dardsforthermalpowerplantswillbereviewed;thedesignofallplantsconsideredwillincludeequipmentandotherfeaturesnecessarytomeetthesestandards.Pendinglegislationwhichwillrequirereclamationofstrip-minedlandwillalsobecon-sidered,andinthecaseofcoalfiredplants,willbeincludeda~acostofminingthecoal.Also,transmissionfacilitiesrequiredtodeliverpowertoloadcenterswillbeconsidered.ThedetailandscopeofthesestudieswillbesuchthatpowerandenergycostestimatesareatapproximatelythesameconfidencelevelasthecoststobedeterminedfortheSusitnaproject.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$75,000143 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-12Activity:Assessprojectfinancialfeasibility.Description:HydroelectricpowerdevelopmentoftheSusitnawillresultinhydropowerproductionofapproximately4timesthatprovidedintheregionin1975.Thepurposeofthisstudywillbetoevaluatethemarketforthispowerandtodetermineiftheprojectisfinanciallyfeasible.Projectsarefinanciallyfeasibleifnetrevenuesfrompowersalesaresufficienttoreimbursetheinvestment.Basedonloadgrowthprojectionsandpowerproductionandcost,thepricenecessaryatloadcenterstorecoverinvest-mentcostswithinterestovera50-yearperiodwillbedetermined.Saleabilityofpoweratthatdeterminedpricewillbeinvesti-gated.Sincepricealsoinfluencesdemandforpower,financialfeasibilitywillbedeterminedforvariousscenariosofloadgrowthandinterestrates.ThetaxingandbondingauthoritiesoftheStatewillbeexamined,andrecommendationsforanymodificationsrequiredtoimplementtheplanwillbeformulated;also,theState'spresentandprobablefuturefinancialconditionwillbeexploredasitrelatestothefinancingoftheprojectbytheState.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$30,000144 POWERMARKETSTUDIESActivityDesignation:PM-13Activity:PreparematerialfordraftFERCLicense.Description:IftheprojectisbuiltasaState-ownedresource,anFERCLicensewillprobablyberequired(unlessthespecificprojectlegislationexemptsit).APreliminaryPermitappli-cationissometimesfiledpriortothedetailedplanningstudytoindicateinterestinthesiteandreserverightsfordevelop-ment.ThismaynotberequiredforSusitna.Inanycase,alicensewillberequiredpriortoconstruction.MostofthetechnicaldataforthePreliminaryPermitapplicationisalreadyavailable,andmostofthetechnicaldataforthelicenseappli-cationwillbepreparedasapartofthemainstudyeffort.Workunderthisactivitywillconsistmainlyofconsolidatingthedata,presentingitintherequiredformat,andprovidingthelegalandtechnicalsupportnecessarytocarrytheappli-cationthroughthevarioushearingsandotherproceedings.TheSusitnaprojectisenoughofaspecialcasethatalegalreviewshouldbeconductedearlytodeterminewithcertaintywhetherFPCwillhavejurisdiction.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$150,000,butwillvarydependingonthecomplexityofthehearings.145 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-lActivity:Conductregionalgeologystudy,faultstudyandseismicityevaluation.Description:AnextensivefieldreconnaissanceoftheSusitnaareaisnecessarytoprovideinformationbasictositeselection,damdesignandtheenvironmentalimpactstatementsupplement.Regionally,rockformationswillbemapped,theirboundariesdetermined,andtheirgeologicstructurenoted.Atthesametime,potentiallyeconomicmineraldepositswithintheprojectareawillbeidentifiedandmapped.Fielddatadevelopedwillbesupplementedbygeochemicalanalyses,satelliteimageinterpretation,andpossiblyaeromagneticinterpretationandgravitystudies.Theprojectislocatedwithinatectonicallyactiveregion.Moreinformationisnecessaryconcerningtheactivityofknownfaultsandtheexistenceofotherfaults,ifany,andtheirsignificanceinrelationtotheproject.Thisstudywilldeterminethelocationoffaultsthroughouttheregionanddeterminethosewhichhavebeenactiveinthegeologicpastorwhichmaybepotentiallyactiveduringthelifeoftheproject.Itwilldevelopmotionparametersforbothsites.Publishedandunpublishedgeologicandgeophysicalworkdoneintheregionwillbecollectedandevaluated.Fieldandofficestudiesthenwillbemade,torelatetheregionalgeologyandtectonicstotheknownseismicityoftheregion.Specialregionalgeophysicalsurveyswillbeusedtohelpcompileandunder-standthetectonicpicture.Atthisstage,evaluationofseismicitywillbebasedonexistingseismicdataplusevaluationoffielddataforevidenceofrecentfaulting.Notrenchingacrossfaultzonesisanticipatedatthisstage,althoughsuchtrenchingmayultimatelyberequired.Workwillfurtherincludefieldmappingandcheckingthetectonicmapdevelopedinpreviousofficestudies.Thefieldcheckwillbesufficientlycompletetoincludegeomorphicevidenceofrecentfaultactivity.Geologicmapsofthereservoirwillbepreparedtoidentifypotentialareasoflandinstabilityinthereservoirsandadjacentareas.SeasonalConstraint:Fieldactivitywillbelimitedtothesnow-freesummermonths.Cost:$470,000149 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-2Activity:Installseismicmonitoringsystem.Description:Purposeofthisactivityistoestablishaseismicmonitoringsystemintheregionaroundthesitestodeterminelevelandlocationofpresentseismicity.Thiswillprovidedatatomoreappropriatelyevaluatetheseismicriskforengi-neeringstructuresintheareaandprovideabaseforfuturedeterminationofreservoir-inducedseismicity.Thesystemwillconsistofeightverticalcomponentstationswithradiotelemetry,includingrequiredrepeaters,toacentralrecordingfacility;andathree-componentstrongmotionstationateachdamsite.Eachverticalstationwillhavearecordingtiltmeterinstalled,withdatatelemeteredtothecentralrecordingsite.SeasonalConstraint:Stationsitelocationshouldbecompletedbythefallofthefirstyearsothatthesystemdesignequip-mentacquisitionandradiofrequencyassignmentcanbecompletedandtestedduringthewinterperiod.Installationandin-placetestingofthesystemcanthenbecompletedthefollowingsummer.Cost:$310,000150 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-3Activity:Operateseismicmonitoringsystemandanalysedata.Description:DatafromtheseismicmonitoringsysteminstalledunderactivityFM-2willbecollected,analysed,andrecordedthroughouttheconstructionperiod,aswellastheoperationallifeofthedam.Toassistintheevaluationofthisdatainrelationtoreservoir-inducedseismicity,itisimportanttoestab1ishapreconstructionrecord".Thisactivityrepresentstheeffortandco~tofdatacollectionandanalysisforthe3-1/2yearstudyperiod.Italsoincludesthecostofsummervisitstotheinstrumentsitesformaintenance.SeasonalConstraint:VisitstothesitesformaintenanceshouldbeaccomplishedbetweenMayandSeptemberofeachyear.Cost:$225,000151 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-4Activity:Selectrouteforaccessroad.Description:Afieldreconnaissanceofthealternativeaccessroutesselectedforfurtherstudyunderearlystagesofactivity0-29willbeconductedbyDesignBranch.Duringthisreconnais-sanceaFoundationandMaterialsrepresentativewillaccompanytheDesignBranchteam.Hisfunctionwillbetoexaminefounda-tionconditionsenroute,evaluatepotentialmaterialsources,anddetermineexplorationrequirementsalongthealignmentandatproposedbridgesites.Photographswillbetakenforofficeuse,andpreliminarysampleswillbeobtainedwherepossible.SeasonalConstraint:Fieldreconnaissanceofaccessroutesmustbemadeduringthesummerorfallwhenfoundationscanbeevaluatedinareasofhighwatertablesandpotentialperma-frostzones.Cost:$18,000152 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-5Activity:Conductsitegeologyandsoilsstudy-accessroad.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivityistomapbothgeologyandsoilsconditionsalongapproximately64milesofpotentialaccessroad.Theworkwillconsistofmappinginsufficientdetailtodeterminerockandsoiltypes,geologicboundaries,jointandbeddingorientations,locationofstructuralweaknessesintherocksuchasfolds,faultsandshearzones,landslides,rock-slides,oranyother.geologicfeatureswhichwouldaffectdesignandconstructionoftheaccessroad.Similarinvestigationswillbemadefortheseveralbridgesrequired.SeasonalConstraint:FieldworklimitedtotheperiodfromJunetoSeptember,inclusive.Cost:$370,000153 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-6Activity:Exploreandtestforaccessroad.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivityistoexploresubsurfaceconditionsalongapproximately65milesofaccessroad.Terrainvariesalongtheroute,fromflatwetlandstoruggedrockslopes,andavarietyofexploratoryprocedureswillberequired.Inthemarshyareasrotarydrillholeswillbeusedtoestablishdepthandqualityoftheoverburdenmaterialsandtheexistenceandextentofpermafrost.Standard.penetrationtestswillbeperformedandsampleswillbetakentoenablesettlementunderloaq,tobeevaluated.Coreboringswillbeusedtoestablishthequalityofbedrock,andtoestablishfoundationgradesforbridgesandrockcuts.Testpitswillbeutilizedtoexploreborrowsourcesandtoexaminein-placefoundationmaterialsincriticalareas.Thisactivityalsoincludestheeffortandcostassociatedwiththenecessaryrockandsoilsamplingandtestingrequired.SeasonalConstraint:ExploratoryworkwillbelimitedtotheperiodfromApriltoOctober.Cost:$1,460,000154 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-7Activity:Selectroute-transmissionlineDescription:AsapartofactivityD-22,afieldreconnaissancewillbemadetoexaminealltransmissionroutealternativesresultingfromstudiesofmapsandaerialphotos.AFoundationsandMaterialsBranchrepresentativewillaccompanytheteamtoevaluatethefoundationconditions,determineexplorationre-quirementsandassessslopestabilitiesalongtheroutes.Pre-liminarysampleswillbetaken,aswellasphotographsforofficeuse.SeasonalConstraint:Fieldreconnaissanceoftransmissionroutesmustbemadeduringthesummerorfallseasonwhenhighwatertablesandpermafrostareacanbeevaluated.Cost:$35,000155 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-8Activity:Conductsitegeologyandsoilsstudy-transmissionline.Description:Followingtheselectionofatransmissionlinerouteandtheprovisionofcontrolledtopography,thisactivitywillbeinitiatedconcurrentlywithFM-9andFM-10.Geotechnicalengineersinthefieldwillcovertheroute,mappingthegeology,studyingsoilconditions,planningtheexploratoryprogram,recordingtheexplorationresults,andcollectingtherequiredsamplesfortesting.Aftercompletionofthisfieldwork,whichwillbedoneduringthesummermonths,officestudieswillanalyzethedatacollected,andthefoundationdesignofthetowerswillbedeter-minedforthevaryingconditionsdefinedalongtheroute.SeasonalConstraint:FieldworkwillbelimitedtotheJunetoSeptemberperiodformuchoftheroute.Cost:$185,000156 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-9Activity:Exploreandtest-transmissionline.Description:Asapartofthefieldstudyalongthetransmissionline,exploratoryworkofvariouskindswillbenecessarytodeterminethevariousfoundationconditionstobeencounteredandtoprovidetherequireddataforappropriatedesignofthetowerfoundations.Explorationactivitieswillentaildrillingaugerholesintheflatlandareaswherematerialsareprincipallyglacialandalluvialdeposits,andcoredrillingatcriticaltowersitesinthemountainousareaswherebedrockisexposedorclosetothesurface.Sampleswillbetakenandmaterialtestswillbemadetoprovidedesigninformation.Thereisnointentunderthisactivitytocompletelyexplorethelinewithexploratoryholesateachtowersitebutrathertoprovideinformationontypicalreaches,sufficientforbasicdesignandrequiredcostestimates.Itisrecognized,however,thattheproposedroutewillcovermorethan350milesofvaryingterrainandthataccesstosomenecessaryexplorationsiteswillbedifficultandcostly.SeasonalConstraint:ThefieldworkseasonwillbelimitedovermuchoftheareatothemonthsofJunetoSeptember.Cost:$830,000157 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-10Activity:Conductfoundationandmaterialsdesign-transmissionline.Description:Thisactivitycoverstheconcretedesigneffortfortypicaltowerfoundationsforthevarioustypesofterraintobecrossed.AsapartofactivityFM-9,samplesofaggregatesourceswillbecollected.Thecostoftestingthesesamplesfordurabilityandsuitabilityforuseinfoundationconcreteisincludedinthisactivity.SeasonalConstraints:NoneCost:$80,000158 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-llActivity:Conductsitegeologystudy-WatanaDescription:AdetailedgeologicstudyoftheWatanadamsiteareawillbemade,beginninginthefirstsummerofthestudyperiod.Fractures,jointpatternsandfaultswillbestudiedindetail,andthissurfacedatawillprovidedirectiontothesubsurfaceexplorationprogram.Assubsurfacedataisobtained,three-dimensionalrelationshipswillbedeveloped,fracturesand/orfaultplanesdefined,andoptimumdamloca-tionsdetermined.Subsequenttositeselectionthegeologystudywillmoveintotheareaofspecificfeatures.'Preciserocklines,depthofweatheredrock,limitsoffoundationexcavationandgroutingrequirementswillbedetermined.Rockqualityandstructuralattitudesofbeddingplaneswillbeassessedforundergroundfeaturesandtunnels,andrequire-mentsforrockbolting,supportbentsandconcreteliningswillbeevaluated.Thegeologyoftherightabutmentterracewillbecloselyexaminedtoassessthedeepdepositsrevealedbypreviousgeophysicalexplorations.Permeabilitieswillbeexamined.Theexistenceandextentofpermafrostwillbedefined.SeasonalConstraints:Fieldwork,whichamountstoapproximately60percentoftheeffortforthisactivity,willbelimitedtotheperiodfromJunetoSeptemberinclusive.Cost:IncludedinactivitiesFM-12through16159 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-12Activity:Exploreandtestforsiteselection-WatanaDescription:Conductsufficientgeologicmappingandsubsurfaceexplorationtopermitevaluationofsite,selectlocationandtypeofdam,andlocateappurtenantstructures.ItisassumedthatthedamwillbelocatednearthepresentsitebetweenDeadmanandTsusenaCreeks.Workwillincludepreliminarymappingatthesite,coredrilling,airrotarydrillingandbulldozerworktomaketrenchesanddrillsiteaccessroads.Airrotarydrillingwillbedoneontherightabutmentterraceandwillprovideinformationonthesuitabilityoftheover-burdenmaterialforborrowaswellasfoundationinformation.Airrotarydrillingwillalsobeperformedinthevalleyalluviumupstreamanddownstreamtocheckextentandsuit-ability.SeasonalConstraint:Fieldworklimitedto4summermonths.Cost:$210,000160 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-13Activity:Borrowexplorationandtesting-WatanaDescription:Anearth/rockfilldamattheWatanasitewillrequireinexcessof50millioncubicyardsofembankmentmaterials.Underthisactivityallpotentialsourceswithinreasonablehauldistanceswillbelocatedandexploredforquality,usingairrotaryandchurndrillholesforglacialandalluvialdepositsandcoreboringsforrockquarrysites.Sampleswillbetakenfromtheseboringsaswellasfromtestpitsandbucketaugerdrillholes.Thesesampleswillbetestedforqualityandsuitabilityasconstructionmaterials.Particularattentionwillbedirectedtowardmaterialshearstrengthsunderhighconfiningpressuresandtowardresponsetodynamiccyclicloading,whichrelatestomaterialresponsetoseismicshaking.Duringthewintermonthsthetestdatawillbecollectedandorgan-izedintoaconvenientformatforusebysoilsdesignengineers.Certaintestresults,e.g.gradationanalysesandpermeabilitytestresults,willbecombinedtoformenvelopesindicativeofavailablematerials.Quantitiesofmaterialsrepresentedwillbetabulated,andlocationsofexplorationspermanentlyrecordedonborrowareamaps.Completionofthisactivitywillprovideembankmentdesignerswiththequantityandqualityparameterstobeusedindevelopingadetaileddamdesign.SeasonalConstraints:FieldworkwillbedoneintheJunetoSeptemberperiods.Cost:$845,000161 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-14Activity:Evaluatesiteselectionanddam-WatanaDescription:ThedataobtainedunderactivityFM-12willprovidesufficientdetailrelativetofoundationstructureandqualitytopermitselectionofthespecificdamsite.Theinformationwillalsobeusedwithotherrelevantdatatoselectthetypeofdam,i.e.earthfillorconcretegravity.Thelocationofappurtenantstructureswillbedetermined,andtheexplorationprogramfordetaileddamdesignwillbedeveloped.Sufffcientdesignworkisrequiredatthistimetomakethenecessarycostestimatesrequiredinthisdecision-makingactivity.SeasonalConstraints:NoneCost:$170,000162 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-15Activity:Exploreandtestforfinaldesign-WatanaDescription:Underthisactivity,explorationsattheWatanadamsitewillbecontinuedtofullydefinetherockstructureandtoexposefracturepatternsand anyminorfaultinginthefoundationforthemaindamaswellasotherindividualdamfeatures.Coreboringswillbeutilizedextensivelyforthisphaseoftheactivity.Atthehigherelevations,includingthedeepdepositsbehindtherightabutment,rotarydrillholes,Beckerdrillholes,bucketaugerholes,backhoepits,anddozertrencheswillbeusedtoexposein-placematerialsforexaminationandtoobtainsamplesfortesting.Ifnecessary,verticalshaftswillalsobesunkatselectedsitestostudyin-placepermeabilitiesandsoiltemperatures.Duringthewintermonthsdatacollectedwi11beevaluatedandorganizedfordesignuseasdescribedunderactivitiesFM-18and19.SeasonalConstraint:FieldworkwillberestrictedtothemonthsofJunetoSeptemberinclusive.Cost:$1,820,000163 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-16Activity:Conductgeophysicalinvestigations-WatanaDescription:Thisactivitywillstudythepresence.depth.andconfigurationofcertainundergroundformations.usingground-levelexplosivechargeswhichgeneratevibrationsthatstrikeformationsofdifferingdensitiesandarereflectedbacktoground-levelsensors(arefractionseismicsurvey).Thepurposeistoobtaininformationaboutburiedchannelsinglacialdepositsontheleftbankbetweenthesiteandthemarginoftheoutervalley.SeasonalConstraint:June-AugustCost:$93.000l~ FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-17Activity:Performconcretestudies-WatanaDescri§tion:Possiblesourcesofconcreteaggregatewillbelocate.Eachsourcewillbesampledandtestedtodeterminethesuitabilityofthesource.Themosteconomicalsourceofconcreteaggregateforeachstructurewillbedetermined,toprovideforaconcretegravitydamalternativeandappurtenantstructuresforbothanearthrock-filldamandaconcretedam.Preliminarymixdesigns.willbecompletedtoprovideinforma-tiononcementrequirements.Thermalstudieswillbeunder-takentodetermi'necoolingrequirementsformassconcrete.Sourcesofpozzolanwillbeinvestigated.Pozzolanisfinely-groundmaterialwhichmaybeusedasareplacementforaportionofthecementinmassconcrete,therebyreducingcosts.SeasonalConstraint:Fieldreconnaissanceandsamp14ngwillbeaccom-plishedduringthesummerconstructionseason.Cost:$265,000165 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-18Activity:Performfeaturedesignforembankmentdam,cofferdams,anddiversion-WatanaDescription:Underthisactivity,embankmentswillbedesignedtoadegreeconsistentwiththepreparationofrequiredcostestimates.Internalzoningandshapeofthemaindamembankmentwillbedetermined.Thezoningwillbesomewhatdependentuponthequalityofthefoundationandabutments,thedamheightselectedandthequalityandquantityofavailableconstructionmaterials,particularlytheavai'labilityoffine-grainedcorematerial.Qualityofmaterialswillbeacriticalfactor,andsuchcharacteristicsasshearstrengthsunderhighconfiningpressures,permeabilitiesunderhighhead,liquefactionpotential,andsettlementcharacteristicswillbecloselyexamined.Founda-tionpermeabilitiesandfracturepatternswillbeevaluated,andtheresultsofseismicandstabilityanalysesreviewed.Con~olidationandsettlementstudieswillbeundertaken,includingatestfillifnecessarytoprecludeinternalfracturingincriticalareas.Severeweatherandicingconditionswillbestudied,andthedatacollectedwillbeconsideredindesign.ABoardofConsultantsof3to5memberswillbeappointedtoreviewtheoverallprojectscope,thegeology,siteselection,seismicity,andproposedspecificdesignfeatures.Boardmembersselectedwillbegeotechnicalexpertsinthefieldsofgeology,seismology,soilmechanicsandstructures.Fromtimetotimeengineerswithexpertiseinotherdisciplinesmaybeincluded.Meetingswillbeheldannually,andapproximatelythreesuchmeetingswillberequiredduringthedesignstage.Thisactivityincludesthecostofacompleteseismicitystudyincludingdeterminationofthedesignearthquakeandadynamicsoilsresponseanalysisfortheembankment.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$910,000166 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-19Activity:Performfeaturedesignforspillway,powerhouse,andoutletworks-WatanaDescription:Designoftheundergroundfeaturesofthedamincludingdiversiontunnels,drafttubes,andpenstocktubeswillrequirecarefulanalysisofcoreboringsdrilledunderactivityFM-15.Asrockcoresareexamined,rockqualityandstructurewillbedetermined.Down-holetelevisioncameraswillbeusedincriticalareastodetermineattitudeofstruc-turalfeaturesandthedegreeofsupportrequiredforeachfacility.'Concretelinings,steelbents,rockboltsystems,andmeshreinforcedshotcretewillbeconsideredanddesignedasnecessary.Rockpermeabilitieswillbedeterminedandgroutcurtainsdesigned.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$410,000167 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-20Activity:Conductsitegeologystudy-DevilCanyon.Description:GeologicmappingofDevilCanyondamsitewasdonein1957byMr.KachadoorianoftheU.S.GeologicalSurvey.Thiswork,supplementedbytheexploratorydataobtainedbytheBureauofReclamationin1957-58,iscon-sideredsufficientforthepresentstudywiththeexceptionoftherightabutmentwherenoexploratorydrillinghasbeendoneandoftheriverchannelitselfwherethereisaneedtodefinetherocklineintheriverandtoinsurethatnoseriousfaulting'existsinthiscriticalarea.Asthesenecessaryexplorationsproceed,three-dimensionalrelationshipsofshearzonesandfaultsintherightabutmentwillbeestablished,andtheirrelationshiptothetheoreticalshearingplaneofthearchthrustintheabutmentwillbeexamined.Ifnecessaryanadit,oraccess,tunnel,belowtheriverwillbeusedtoexaminethefounda-tionforstructure,rockqualityandpermeability.SeasonalConstraint:FieldworkwillberestrictedtotheJunethroughSeptemberseason.Cost:$35,000168 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-21Activity:Exploreandtestforsiteselection-DevilCanyonDescription:AsoutlinedunderactivityFM-20,aneedexistsforcoreboringsintherightabutmentatDevilCanyondamsitetoensurestructuraladequacyofthesupportingbedrock.Anaditisalsodesirablebeneaththechannelinvert(floor)toeliminatethepossibilityoffaultinginthiscriticalloca-tion.SeasonalConstraint:Coredrillingmustbedoneduringthefrost-freeseasonofJunetoSeptember.Cost:$650,000169 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-22Activity:Evaluateforsiteselectionandtypeofdam-DevilCanyonDescription:Thepurposeofthisactivityistoevaluatethefoundationconditionsandadjustthepositionand/orconfigur-ationofthevariousstructurestoobtainoptimumbenefitwithexistingconditions.Workinvolvedwouldincludeadditionalexplorationandtesting.Cost:IncludedinactivityFM-20and21.170 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-23Activity:Studyrockandconductin-situtesting-DevilCanyon.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivitywouldbetoevaluatethein-siturockconditionintheabutmentsofthemainconcretestructuresandintheundergroundpowerhousestructure.Thetestingrequiredwouldincludeplatejackingtestsintheexploratoryadit.Otherin-situtestsinboreholesinthedamsiteareamaybedeemednecessaryafterevaluationofpreliminarycoredrilling.SeasonalConstraint:FieldworkwouldbedoneduringApril-Octoberperiod.Cost:$280,000171 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-24Activity:Investigateconcreteaggregate-DevilCanyon.Description:ExplorationoftheCheechakoCreekaggregatesourcewillbeundertakentodeterminethequalityofmaterialavailable.AlargecompositebulksamplewillberetreivedandforwardedtoTroutdale,Oregon,foraggregatesuitabilitytestsandpreliminarymixdesigns.Theremainderofthisaggregatewillberetainedfordetaileddesignstudies.IntheunlikelyeventthattheCheekchakoCreeksourceisin-adequateinquantityorquality,additionalsourceswillbeinvestigated.ISeasonalConstraint:Allfieldactivitieswillbeaccomplishedduringthesummerconstructionseason.Cost:$85,000172 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-25Activity:Fieldreconnaissance-othersites.Description:Fieldreconnaissancewillberequiredtoestablishfoundationsuitabilityandmaterialavailabilityforanydamsitesconsideredunderpreliminaryscreening,withtheexceptionofDevilCanyon,Watana,VeeandDenaliwheretherequiredinformationisalreadyathand.Thefieldstudieswillexaminerockstructureandquality,andtheexistenceofanylimitingfactorsastoheightsandtypesofstructuressuitabletothesite.Theneedforsubsurfacedatawillbeconsideredandnecessaryexplorationsplannedandlocated.Materialsourceswillbeobtainedandpreliminarysamplesobtained.SeasonalConstraint:FieldactivitywillberestrictedtotheJunethroughSeptemberseason.Cost:$8,000173 FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALSActivityDesignation:FM-26Activity:Exploreandtestforsiteselectionandtypeofdam-otherdamsites.Description:Workperformedunderthisactivitywillbetheminimumnecessarytoprovidefoundationdatademon-stratingfoundationsuitabilityforpurposeofprelimin-aryscreening.ThisinformationisalreadyathandforDevilCanyon,Watana,VeeandDenali.Forothersitesconsidered,explorationspriortoscreeningwillbelimitedtohand-dugtestpitsforembankmentmaterialandconcreteaggregatesourcesduringsitereconnaissance.Samplesoffoundationrockwillbeobtainedfromthecanyonwalls.Testingwillbelimitedtothosetestsnecessarytoconfirmrockqualityandtoassuresuita-bilityofembankmentmaterialsandconcreteaggregates.SeasonalConstraint:FieldworkwillbelimitedtotheJunethroughSeptemberseasons.Cost:$6,000174 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-1Activity:Makepreliminaryselectionofpotentialdamsites.Description:Amapandaerialphotostudywillbemadeofpoten-tialdamsiteswithintheUpperSusitnaBasin.Forthosedamsiteswhichappeartobefeasible,ananalysisofpoolelevationwillbemadetodetermineoptimumpoolelevationfortheparticularsite.AdeterminationofdamtypebestsuitedforthesitewillbemadeinconjunctionwithpersonnelfromtheFoundationsandMaterialsBranch.Thisactivitywouldbeapartofthereform-ulationstudiesrequiredtoverifyorsupplementtheexistingfeasibility'study.Theanalysiswillcoverthevariousdamlocations,layouts,andpoolheightsinvestigatedwitharecom-mendationforthosesitestobeinvestigatedduringthepre-liminaryscreeningphase.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$12,000177 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-2Activity:Conductsiteinspection.Description:Someofthesitesinactivity0-1willrequireon-siteinspectiontoverifyorexpandinformationfromthemapandaerialphotostudies.Inspectionswillprovidefielddatarequiredforrecommendationorrejectionofasitesandwillbemadeinconjunctionwithpersonnelfromthesoilsandmaterialsbranchtodeterminewhetherornotasiteappearstobesuitableforconstruction.SeasonalConstraint:Wouldbemadeduringsummer.Cost:$28s000178 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-3Activity:Determinetypesandheightsofdams.Description:Thefeasiblesiteswillbefurtherexploredduringthisactivitytodeveloparecommendedtypeofdamandamosteconomicalheightforeachsite.Differentcombinationsofdamswillbeconsideredatthisstage.Atthispointadeterminationwillbemadewhetherthesiteismostsuitableforaconcretegravitydam,gravityarch,arch,earthfill,rockfill,etc.Duringthisperiodtheremaybearequirementforasitevisittosomesites.Theselectionofdamtypeandheightwillbeamulti-distiplinedeterminationwithinputfromvarioussectionsandbranches.Theselectedtypewillthenbefurtherstudiedtodeterminetheshape,layout,preliminarystability,etc.,insufficientdetailtoallowacostestimatetobemadeasabasisforrecommendationoftheselectedplantobedevelopedindetailedfeasibilitystudies.SeasonalConstraint:Wouldrequiresomefieldinvestigationinsummer.Cost:$34,000179 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-4Activity:Determinepowerhousesizeandlocation.Description:Thisactivitywillsizeandlocatepowerhousesatthepreliminarydamsitestobeinvestigatedduringthescreeningprocess.Studieswillbeinsufficientdetailtoallowacostestimatetobepreparedwhichwillinturnsupportarecommenda-tionfortheselectedprojecttobeinvestigatedduringdetailedfeasibilitystudies.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$25,000180 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-5Activity:Developdiversionscheme.Description:Aschemeforriverdiversionduringconstructionwillbedevelopedforeachdamsiteunderconsideration.Thisactivitywillstudyeachsitetodeterminewhichtypeofschemewouldbemostsuitablefortheparticularsite.Thefollowingtypesofdiversionswouldbeconsidered:tunneling,diversionthroughalowsectionofdam,divertingtheriverviaacoffer-damandbuildingonesideofthedam.Preliminarydetailwillbedevelopedtoallowanestimateforrecommendingaselectedplantobefurtherdevelopedduringdetailedfeasibilitystudies.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$25,000181 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-6Activity:Developwaterpassages.Description:Thiswillbeastudytodeterminethetype,location,numberandsizeofspillways,sluices,outletworksandwaterqualityconduits.Theseitemsmustbesizedandlocatedtomin-imizeadverseimpactonwaterqualityanderosiondownstreamofthedams.Thisstudywillalsoaddressthetypeofgaterequiredforeachwaterpassage.Preliminarydetailwillbepreparedforacostestimatetoserveasabasisofrecommendingaselectedplanforfurtherstudyduringdetailedfeasibilitystudies.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$40,000182 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-7Activity:Estimateprojectcosts.Descrition:Thisactivitywillbeaconstructionestimateincludingcontingencies)ofallthefeaturesofeachdamconsideredunderthepreliminarydamselection.Theestimatemustbeinsufficientdetailtoallowaclear-cutdecisiontobemadeonwhatsystemofdamstorecommendforfurtherstudyindetailedfeasibilitystudies.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$17,000183 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-8Activity:Studydamtypeandheight.Description:ThisactivitywillconsistofplanningstudiesandpreliminarydesignofdamsatDevilCanyonandWatanaastheassumeddamsthatwillbestudiedindetailforfeasibility.DevilCanyonwillbeinvestigatedasaconcretearch.AbriefinvestigationofaconcretegravitysectionwillbemadeatWatanatoreconfirmtheselectionofanembankmentsection.Thesestudieswillbeofsufficientscopetoallowcompletionofadetailedfeasibilityanalysis.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$90,000l~ DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-9Activity:Studyspillways.Description:ThisactivitywillbeahydraulicandstructuralstudyofalternativespillwaydesignsforDevilCanyonandWatanadams.Spillwaygeometry,gates,piers,walls,energydissipater,etc.,willbesizedforestimatingandselectionofarecommendedscheme.Therecommendedschemeswillbefurtherstudiedtodevelopdetailedhydraulicdesignandtoallowpreparationofpreliminarydesigndrawings,includinglayout,plans,elevationsandsections,andmonolithstability.(Seeactivity0-16.)Preliminarydesignofbridges,piers,gates,stop1ogs,andhoistswillbedone.Designwillbesufficientforcompletionofadetailedfeasibilityanalysis.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$68,000185 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-10Activity:Studyoutletworks.Description:ThisactivitywillbeahydraulicandstructuralstudyofalternativeoutletworksdesignsforDevilCanyonandWatanadams.Intakes,gates,bulkheads,sluices,tunnels,airvent,energydissipater,etc.,willbesizedandestimatedtoarriveataselectedscheme.Preliminarydesigndrawingswillbepreparedtoincludelayout,plans,elevations,andsections.Towersectionstabilitywillbechecked.Preliminarydesignoftower,gates,bulkheads,trashracksandoutletstructurewillbeprepared.Thisdesignwillbeadequateforadetailedfeasi-bilitystudy.(Seeactivity0-17fordetailedstudiesforWatana.)SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$66,000186 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-11Activity:Studywaterdiversionandcare.Description:Thisactivitywillmakehydraulicandstructuralstudiesofriverdiversionsusingtunnelstcofferdamsttailracetunnelstetc.Itwillincludepreliminarydesignofselectedschemeincludingclosuremethodststructuresizetchannelsttunneltetc.Thedesignwillbeadequateforadetailedfeasi-bilitystudy.(Seeactivity0-18fordetailedstudiesforWatana.)SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$62tOOa187 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-12Activity:Study.powerhousesize,type,andlocation.Description:ThisactivitywilllookatDevilCanyonandWatanadamswithreferencetopowerhouselayoutandarrangement,power-housetype,turbinestudiesandtailracestudies.Tailracestudieswilldeterminesize,setting,type,lining,tunnellength,surgetanksizeandlocation,closurestructuresandbulkheadhandling.Turbinestudieswilllookattypeselection,size,settingandnumberofunits.Pqwerhousetypeselectionwillinvolvecomparativestudiesofabove-andbelow-groundlocations.Apreliminarycostestimatewillbeprepared.Thedesignstudieswillbeofsufficientdetailforadetailedfeasibilitystudy.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$100,000188 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-13Activity:Studypowerintakeandconduit.Description:ThisactivitywillinvestigatethepowerintakeandconduitsforDevilCanyonandWatanadams.Thestudywillincludethepenstocksfrompowerintakestructuretothegatesorvalves,upstreamofthepowerhouse,theintakestructureandbridge,selectivewithdrawalsystem,powerbellmouthsandemer-gencygates.Thisstudywillarriveatarecommendeddesign,andbeofsufficientdetailtoallowapreliminarycostestimateforadetailedfeasibilitystudy.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$200,000189 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-14Activity:Estimateselectedprojectcost.Description:ThisactivitywillprovideapreliminarycostestimateoftheselectedplanforDevilCanyonandWatanadamsbasedonpreliminarydesignsandstudiesoutlinedinpreviousactivities(0-8thru0-13).SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$16,000190 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-15Activity:Studydamtypeandheight(Watana)Description:ThisstudyassumesthatWatanawillbeanembankmentdam.Abriefinvestigationwillbemadeofaconcretegravitydamtoreconfirmthatanembankmentdamisthebestalternativeatthissite.TheremainderofdesigneffortswillbeinconjunctionwithF&Mdesignoftheembankmentdam.Shouldtheconcretedamstudyshowittobethebestalternativetthenthedesignfundsfortheembankmentdamwouldbetransferredtostudytheconcreteone.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$50tOOO191 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-16Activity:Studyspillway.(Watana)Description:Thisactivitywillprovideadetailedhydraulicandstructuraldesignstudyofalternativespillwaydesigns.Spillwaygeometry,gates,piers,walls,energydissipater,etc.,willbeselectedandsizedforcostestimatingpurposes.Theschemewillbefurtherstudiedtodevelopdetailedhydraulicdesignandtoallowpreparationofpreliminarydesigndrawings,includinglay-out,plans,elevationsandsections,andmonolithstability.Preliminarydesignofbridges,piers,gates,stop1ogs,andhoists,etc.,willbedonewithadetailedcostestimate.Modelstudieswillberequiredtoverifydesign.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$406,000192 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-17Activity:Studyoutletworks.(Watana)Description:Thisactivitywillprovideahydraulicandstructuraldetaileddesignofalternativeoutletworks.Intakes,gates,bulk-heads,sluices,tunnels,airvent,energydissipater,etc.,willbeselectedandsized.Theschemewi11bedevelopedtoprovidearefinedhydraulicandstructuraldesign.Preliminarydesigndrawingswillbepreparedtoincludelayout,plans,elevations,andsections.Towersectionstabilitywillbechecked.Preliminarydesignoftower,gates~bulkheads,trashracksandoutletstructurewillbepreparedtoprovideadetailedcostestimate.Theselectedhydraulicdesignwillbemodeledtoverifythedesign.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$498,000193 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-18Activity:Studywaterdiversionandcare.(Watana)Description:Thisactivitywillmakehydraulicandstructuraldetailed-designstudiesofriverdiversionsusingtunnels,coffer-dams,tailracetunnels,etc.Itwillincludehydraulicdesignoftheselectedschemeincludingclosuremethods,structuresize,channels,tunnel,etc.Sufficientdetailwillbedevelopedtoallowadetailedcostestimatetobemade.Ahydraulicmodelstudywillbemadetoverifyhydraulicdesign.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$393,000194 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-19Activity:Studypowerhousesize,type,andlocation.(Watana)Description:Detailedstudieswilllookatpowerhouselayoutandarrangement,powerhousetype,turbinestudiesandtailracestudies.Tailracestudieswilldeterminesize,setting,type,lining,tunnellength,surgetanksizeandlocation,closurestructuresandbulk-headhandling.Turbinestudieswilllookattypeselection,size,settingandnumberofunits.Powerhousetypeselectionwillinvolvecomparativest~diesofabovegroundandundergroundlocations.Adetailedcostestimatewillbeprepared.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$200,000195 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-20Activity:Studypowerintakeandconduit.(Watana)Description:Thisactivitywillextendfindingsofhydropowerstudyfordesigningconduitsandpenstocks.Itwillincludethepowerconduitsandpenstocksfrompowerintakestructuretothegatesorvalves,upstreamofthepowerhouse,theintakestructureandbridge,selectivewithdrawalsystem,powerbellmouths,andemergencygates.Thisstudywillbequiteextensivebecauseofthehighdamunderconsideration.Thestudywillarriveatadesignofsufficientscopeforadetailedcostestimate.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$720,000196 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-21Activity:Estimateselectedprojectcost.(Watana)Description:ThisactivitywillprovideadetailedcostestimateoftheselectedplanforWatanaDambasedondetaileddesignsandstudiesoutlinedinactivities0-15through0-20.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$18,000197 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-22Activity:Conductroutesurveys.Description:Thetransmissioncorridorsaresomewhatsetbyexistingfacilitiesandterrainfeatures.Mapandaerialphotostudieswillbemadetonarrowdowntheroutes.Thenafieldreconnaissancebycivil,structural,materials,andelectricalengineerswillbemadetodefineproblemareas.Clearingstudieswillberequired,aswellasastudyofpossiblemarketsfortimber.Theselectedroutewouldhavearoadparallelto,andascloseaspossibletothelinetominimizeconstructioncosts.Closeattentionwillbegiventopossibleareasofhighwind,rimeicebuildup,anddrift-ingorcreepingsnow.Someareasofthecorridormayrequirefittingthelinesintoanarrowcanyonalreadyhavingariver,highwayandrailroad.Routeselectionwillhavetoincludecon-siderationoftowerlocation,conductorslope,dangeroustrees,foundationlocationsandmaintenanceaccess.SeasonalConstraint:Fieldworkwouldbecompletedover2summers.Cost:$250,000l~ DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-23Activity:Conducttransmissionsystemstudy.Description:Thisstudywillbetoreconfirmthetypeoftrans-missionsystemrunningfromthedamstobothFairbanksandAnchorage.Thestudywillconsiderthelocationofprojecthead-quarters,remoteoperation,dispatchcenters,operationandmain-tenance,linevoltage,numberoflines,andcircuitry.Adirectcurrentsystemwouldbeevaluatedatsomepointinthestudy.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$36,000 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-24Activity:Conducttower,hardware,andconductorstudies.Description:PresentplanningcallsforlinesofdifferentcapacitytoFairbanksandAnchorage.Whentherouteisfairlywelllocated,astudyoftowers,hardware,andconductorcanbemade.Dependingonroutelocation,therecouldbeachangeintowertype,asthelinewilltraversedifferenttypesofterrain.Conductortypeisdependentupontowerspacingandloads.Atthebeginningofthisstudy,theloadswouldbethefirstitemtobedetermined.Suchthingsasdesignwind,snow,icing,spanfactor,etc.,wouldbedetermined.Towerstobeconsideredwouldbeself-supportorguyedandprobablysteeloraluminum.Colorationofthemetalwillbeconsideredtodevelopaschemewhichisaestheticallyacceptable.Thecolortreatmentmightvarydependingontheareabeingtraversed.Hardwarewouldbecompatiblewiththetowersandconductor.SeasonalConstraint:Somesitevisitsinsummer.Cost:$55,000200 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-25Activity:Conductfoundation-typestudies.Description:Thiswillinvolveastudyofvarioustypesoffootingsforthevarioustowersandthedifferenttypesoffoundationmaterialthatwillbeencountered.Closecoordin-ationwillbemaintainedwithfoundationspersonnelduringthisstudy.Someareasmaybeinpermafrost,someonrock,someongravelandothersinmuddyorboggyareas.Thisstudywillbemadealmostsimultaneouslywith0-24.Insomeareasconsiderationmaybegiventousingaprecastfoundationcarriedtothesitebyhelicopterortruck.SeasonalConstraint:Sitevisitsinsummerorfall.Cost:$30,000201 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-26Activity:Conductsubstationstudies.Description:Thiswilldeterminerequirementsforsubstations,theirlocation,andgenerallayout.Itwillincludetheinvestigationoflocationforsubstationsatalllinetermin-ationsincludingexpectedfutureexpansion.Itmightinvolvesomeresearchintospecialitemsforcoldweather.Fieldverificationoflocationswouldbemade.Preliminarystudieswouldlookateconomicalandoperationaladvantagesofvariousbusschemesandbreakerarrangementforeachinstallation.Numberofcircuitbreakersandratingsofpowertransformerswillalsobedetermined.Majorequipmentitemssuchastransformers,circuitbreakers,lightningarresterandswitcheswillbeincluded.Protectiverelaying,supervisorycontrols,telemetry,andrelatedcommunicationequipmentforeachswitch-yardandsubstationwillbeinvestigated.SeasonalConstraint:Verificationofsitesinsummerorfall.Cost:$114,000202 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-27Activity:Conductswitchyardstudies.Description:Thisstudywillconsistofthelocatingandlayingoutofswitchyards.Thiswillincludetiesbetweenpowerhouseandswitchyardsaswellaspossibletieinataswitchyardofalinecominginfromanotherdam.Researchmaybenecessaryintospecialitemsforcoldweather.Majorequipmentitemssuchastransformers,circuitbreakers,lightningarrestors,andswitcheswillbeincluded.Protectiverelaying,super-visorycontrols,telemetry,andrelatedcommunicationequip-mentrequiredwillbeinvestigated.Thisstudywillbemadeinconjunctionwith0-26.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$76,000203 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-28Activity:Estimatetransmissionfacilitiescost.Description:Initiallythiswillinvolveestimatingalter-nativeroutesaswellastypeoflineconstructionforprojectfeasibility.Adetailedcostestimatewillalsobemadeoffinallocatedtransmissionlineandsupportingfacilities.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$18,000204 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-29Activity:Conductroutestudies.Description:ThisactivitywillselecttheroutesforconstructionandpermanentaccesstotheUpperSusitnabasinandselecteddamsites.InthepreliminarystagesalternaterouteswillbelocatedfromboththeAnchorage-FairbankshighwayandtheDenalihighway.Mapandaerialphotoreconnaissancewillbemadefollowedbyfieldreconnaissancealongalternateroutes.Preliminaryrouteselectionwill'befollowedbyfieldverification.Finallocationwillbeaniterativeprocessofadjustinglocationsandgradesbasedonfieldandofficemeetingswithpersonnelworkingonfoundationsandstructures(bridges).Clearingrequirementsanddispositionofmerchantableandnonmerchant-abletimberwillbedetermined.SeasonalConstraint:On-siteinvestigationswillbemadeinthesummer.Cost:$78,000205 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-30Activity:Conductbridgestudies.Description:Thesestudieswilldeterminenumberandtypeofbridgesrequiredontheaccessroutestothedams.Theywillincludetemporaryandpermanentbridgesofwood,steel,andconcreteconstruction.Thedesignermustworkcloselywiththefoundationspeopleaswellastherouteselectionpersonnel.Foundationdesignmayvaryfromrocktopermafrost.Atsomepointinthestudyon-siteinvestigationswillberequiredofthefinalroutelocation.Thesevisitswillinvolvealldisciplinestoinsurethatfinalselectionisthebestlocationandthemosteconomical.SeasonalConstraint:Foundationsinformationandsiteinvestigationsare-restrictedtoperiodwhennosnowisontheground.Cost :$60,000206 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-31Activity:Estimateselectedroutecosts.Description:Thiswillincludeconstructionestimates~falternateroutesincludingbridges,culverts,etc.,toallowselectionofafinalroute.Adetailedcostwillbepreparedforthefinalroute.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$21,000'207 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-32Activity:Conductfieldsurvey.Description:Astudywillbemadeofaerialphotosforthereservoirareatodetermineareaswhichmayrequireclearing.Someonsiteinspectionswillberequiredtoverifyphotostudiesortoobtaindatanotavailableonthephotos.Sufficientinformationwillberequiredtoprovideanestimateofclearingcosts.SeasonalConstraint:Thiscanbestbeaccomplishedduringsummer.Cost:$8,000208 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-33Activi~Conductmarketabilityanddisposalstudy.Description:Thiswillbeastudyoftreeswithinreservoirareatodeterminetypes,size,andquantities.Marketloca-tionwillbedeterminedforfeasibilityofmarketingthetrees.Disposalmethodsandareaswillbestudiedtodeterminedisposalmethodsthatareeconomicalandenvironmentallysound.Possibleloggingroadsshouldbeconsideredin·thisphase.Studywillrequiresomeonsiteinvestigationandsomesoilsinformationinanyproposedburialareas.SeasonalConstraintBestaccomplishedduringsummer.Cost:$20,000209 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-34Activity:Estimateclearingcosts.Description:Detailedestimatewillincludeastudyoftheeconomicsofremovingtimberforsaleversusdisposalonsite.Disposalwilllookatburningandburying.Removalwillhavetoconsiderrequirementsforadditionalroadsintothereservoirarea.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$8,000210 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-35Activity:Determinecamprequirements.Description:Anestimatewillbemadeofthenumberofconstructionmanagementpersonnelonsiteaswellasthenumberofoperationsandmaintenancepersonneltoruntheproject.Therequirementsforbuildingsandcampsupportfacilitieswillthenbedeveloped.Thiswtllalsorequireadeterminationofhowconstructionsupportofficeswillbehandled,staffed,andlocated.Thisshouldincludeadeterminationofwhetheronecampcouldsupportmorethanonedamsite.Oncetheserequirementshavebeendeterminedthelocationandlayoutofcampscanproceed.Thisdoesnotincludefacilitiesforcon-tractorpersonnel.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$30,000211 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-36Activ~Studylocationandlayouts.Description:Thiswillinvolveaselectionprocessofpickingacamplocation(s)(includingsitevisits)whichwillbestsupporttheschemeofconstructionmanagementandprojectoperations.Itwillinvolvesitingandsizingacamptohandlethenumberofpersonsandtypeofactivitiesinvolved.Considerationwillhave'tobegiventolivingaccommodations,workingspaces,equipmentstorage,andmaintenance,schooling,etc.Water,sewage,garbage,lights,etc.,willhavetob~considered.SeasonalConstraint:Sitevisitswillbemadeinsummer.Cost:$40,000212 DESIGNActivityDesignation:0-37Activity:Estimatecampcosts.Description:Adetailedcostestimateoftheconstructioncampfacilitiesrequiredtosupportconstructionmanagementaswellasthepermanentcampfacilitieswhichwillsupporttheprojectoperationschemewillbemade.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$10,000213 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-38Activity:Studyupstreamanddownstreameffects.Description:Thisstudywillmakeacursoryinvestigationoftheeffectsthevariousdampoolshaveonupstreamanddownstreamriverlevels.Theselectedplanwillrequireamuchmoredetailedinvestigationoftheeffectsthedamshaveonupstreamanddownstreamriverlevels.Someoftheitemstobeinvestigatedareasfollows:bankerosion,streamflows,floweffectsonfisheries,requirementsforreregulatingdam,downstreamflooding,etc.Thesestudiescoulddictatetheneedforareregulatingdam,bankprotection,floodplainzoning,channelexcavation,andrealignment.SeasonalConstraint:Somefieldworkwouldberequiredinsummermonths.Cost:$75,000214 DESIGNActivityDesignation:D-39Activity:Determinemodelstudiestoconsider.Description:Thisactivitywouldtakeplaceaftertheselectedplanisdetermined.Fromthevariousareasofhydraulicconcern,onewouldworkupalistofdesirablemodelstudieswhichshouldbemadepriortofinaldesign.Someofthesemodelstudieswouldprobablybestartedpriortocompletionofdetailedfeasibilitystudiesifrequiredtoassuredesignverificationforestimateofprojectcosts.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$4,000215 REALESTATEActivityDesignation:RE-lActivity:Conductrealestatefieldinvestigations.Description:Thisactivitywillbeginwithanaerialinspectiontofamiliarizerealestatepersonnelwiththephysicalcharacter-isticsaffectinglandvalueintheprojectarea.Ownershipinfor-mationwillthenbegatheredfromrecordsofassessors,recorders,BLMandtheStateDivisionofLands.Interviewswillbecon-ductedwithlandownersandarearesidentstoacquireknowledgeoffuturedevelopments,andtoassembleinformationonopinionsregardingtheproposedproject.Fromtheseinterviewsandtheinformationdevelopedinotherstudies(EC-4through6andPM-2through4),thelocalarea'sdevelopmenttrendswillbeassessed.Comparablesalesdatawillbecollectedtodeterminethemarketvalueoftheprojectareas.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$7,000219 REALESTATEActivityDesignation:RE-2Activity:Makerealestatelegal determinations.Description:Titleevidenceastoownershipwillbesecured,andthevalidityofinterestswillbedetermined.Also,suchoutstandinginterestsasminingclaims,natureclaims,ease-ments,etc.,willberesearched.Aninvestigationwillbeconductedandadeterminationmadeofcompensibleinterests,ifany,oftherightsheldbythirdpartiesintherealestatetobeacquired.Acompensibleintereststudymustbewrittenforeachsuchinterest.Als~,legalresearchwillbeconductedastotheeffectoftheAlaskaNativeClaimsSettlementAct,theAlaskaStatehoodAct,andotherapplicablelawsontheexistingpowersitewithdrawal.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$33,000220 REALESTATEActivityDesignation:RE-3,4,5Activity:Obtainrightsofentry,asnecessary,priortoentryatdamsites,alongtheaccessroute,andalongthetransmissioncor-ridor.Description:Landownersintheprojectareawillbecontactedbymail,telephone,andpersonalvisitstoobtaintheproperauthori-zationforentryinordertoconductreconnaissanceandexploration.Theeffortinvolvedinarrangingentrytothedamandreservoirareasisrelativelyminorbecauseofthepowerwithdrawalstatusoftheprospectivedamsitesandofportionsofthereservoirsites.Moretime-consumingwillbeseekingpermissionforentryfrompropertyownersalongtheaccessandtransmissionroutes.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$19,000221 CULTURALRESOURCESActivityDesignation:C-lActivity:Conductanarcheologicalreconnaissance.Description:Thisstudywillconsistofselectedfieldexaminationsoftheproposedprojectarea(s).ThestudywillbedesignedtotestandrefinedatafromthePreliminaryAssessment,entitled"HeritageResourcesAlongtheUpperSusitnaRiver,"preparedbytheAlaskaDivisionofParksinAugust1975.Thestudywillpro-videfactorsonwhichanintensivesurveycanbeplannedandbudgeted.ItwillalsoincludefieldexaminationofselectedandpotentialprehistoricpropertiesidentifiedinthePrelimi-naryAssessment.Theobjectiveherewillbetodeterminetheprobablenumberandtypesofprehistoricresourceswithintheprojectareasandtheprobableimpactoftheprojectonthoseresources.Attheendofthefieldwork,aCulturalResourcesReconnaissanceReport(theCulturalResourcesAppendix)willbeprepared.whichwillalsoincludedatarelatedtohistoricresourcesidentifiedunderActivityC-2.Thereportwillestimatethenumberandprobabledistributionofsiteswithintheprojectareas,andwillrecommendaresearchdesignandsubsequentcostestimatefortheprogram.Theintensivesurveywillnotbeundertakenuntilaftertheprojectfeasibilityanalysishasbeencompletedandadecisionismaderegardingprojectconstruction.Atthattime,andpriortoconstructionimpacts,anintensiveon-the-groundsurveyoftheprojectareawillbeundertaken,underseparatecontract,tolocatealltheculturalresourceswithinthatareaandtoevaluatetheimpactoftheprojectuponthoseresources.Theintensivesurveywouldstillinvolveonlymini-malfieldtestingasnecessarytodeterminepotentialeligibilityofsitesforinclusionintheNationalRegister.SeasonalConstraint:Fieldworkcanbeaccomplishedonlyduringsnow-freeperiodswhensoilsareunfrozen.Cost:$100,000225 CULTURALRESOURCESActivitypesignation:C-2Activity:Locate,map,anddescribeallsignificanthistoricpropertieswithinareasofdirectprojectimpact.Description:_Thepurposeofthisstudyistoidentifyallsignificanthistoricpropertieswhichwouldbeimpactedbytheproject,describewhattypesofimpactswilloccur,andrecommendproceduresformitigationorpreservationofsuchsites.Workwillprimarilybeaccomplishedbysearchingdocumentsrelatedtohistoricalaspectsoftheimmediateprojectarea(s),andtothespecifichistoricpropertieslocatedwithinprojectimpactareas.Thisresearchwillestablishthesettlement,construction,occupation,andrelatedhistoricalrecordofeventswhichfollowedthediscoveryoftheSusitnaRiverbyCaptainJamesCookin1778.Fieldworkrelatedtothisactivitywillberela-tivelyminor,primarilyconsistingofsearchfororverificationofpropertiesdescribedinexistingdocuments,andwillbeaccomplishedconcurrentlywithprehistoricsurveyactivitiesdescribedinC-1.ResultsofthehistoricpropertiessurveywillbeincludedasappropriateintheCulturalResourcesReconnaissanceReportdescribedunderC-1.SeasonalConstraint:FieldworkwillbesubjecttothesameconstraintsasactivityC-1.Cost:$10,000226 FIELDCAMPActivityDesignation:FC-l/laActivity:Design,construct,andoperatefieldcamp.Description:Thisactivitywillconsistofthedesign,construc-tion,andoperationofafieldcampforpersonnelrequiredforearlydrilling,surveying,environmentalstudies,etc.Campsizeanduseisbasedonanaverageof40peopleincamp180daysperyear,andovera 3yearperiod.Thisestimateisbasedontheassumptionthatattheendofthe3-yearuseperiod,campremovalcostwouldequalsalvagevalue.Leavingthecampinplacewouldresultinacostsavingforlaterprojectwork.Thecampwillbeofmodularconstruction,andprobablywillbeliftedinbySky-crane.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$1,500,000($1,000,000operationsII500,000design,purchase,andconstruction)1/Operationcostisbasedonanaverageof40men@$50/dayfor180daysperyearfora 3yearperiod.229 FIELDCAMPActivityDesignation:FC-2Activity:Designandconstructairstrip.Description:Thisactivityconsistsofthedesignandconstructionofasmalllandingstrip,100feetby2,000feet,nearthecamp.Thisstripwillinitiallybeasmallbushstrip,withthepossibilitythatsizewillbeincreasedwhenconstructioncommences.Theairstripwillbeusedtosupportthefieldcamp.SeasonalConstraint:Constructionafterbreak-up.Cost:$125,000230 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-1Activity:Obtainnecessaryaircraft/satelliteimageryandutilizemanualinterpretationandautomaticdataprocessingtechniquestotypevegetationwithinimpoundmentareas,down-streamfloodplain,andalongtransmissioncorridors.Description:LANDSAT-land2and/orERTSimagerywillbecompiledfromexistingdepositories,orobtainedbyspecialphotographyrequestswhichmaybenecessarytoreflectsea-sonalvariationsinvegetativetypes.Fromthisimagery,avegetationmap(s)willbepreparedutilizingappropriatecomputerfacilitiesincooperationwiththeBLMApplicationSystemVerificationTest.Groundtruthfieldinvestigationswillberequiredtoverifycomputermapdelineationsandquestionableinterpretations.Itisessentialthattheprinci-palinvestigatorsofthebiologicalstudiesworkdirectlywiththehabitatmappers.SeasonalConstraint:Limitedtosnow-freeperiods.r10stworkwillbeaccomplishedinseasonsofvegetativegrowth.Cost:$158,000235 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-2Activity:Identifysignificantaquaticinvertebrateandvegetationspeciesanddetermineprojectimpacts.Description:Significantaquaticinvertebrateandvegeta-tionspecieswillbesampledwithintheimpactedareas.ThisbaselinesurveywillincludethemainstreamSusitna,itssloughsandtributariesaboveandbelowthedam.Invertebratespeci-mensaretobepreservedandidentified,andquantitativestudiesconductedwheneverpossible.Spatialandseasonaldistributionandabundancearetobedescribedforaquaticvegetation.Usingthisdata,anevaluation willbemadeoftheimpactstheprojectwillhaveonthesespecies.Effectsofchangesintemperature,nutrients,suspendedsediment,fluctuationandvelocity,andsecondaryeffectsresultingfromchangesinaquaticvegetation,fishpopulation/densities,etc.,shouldbedetermined.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$127,000236 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-3/3aActivity:Determinerelativeabundance,distribution,migra-tionalcharacteristics,andhabitatrequirementsofanadromousfishwithinimpactedareas,andlocateanddefinetheseasonalfreshwaterhabitatrequirementsimportanttothesuccessfulmigration,spawning,incubation,andrearingofthesespecies.Description:Investigationswillbeconductedinareaswithinthedrainagethatmaypotentiallybeimpactedbyprojectdevelopment.Specificstudieswillbedesignedtodeterminerelativeabundanceandmigrationalcharacteristicsandtimingofeachanadromousspeciesduringjuvenileandadultlifehistorystages,toinventoryanddescribetheexistinghydro-logical,physical,andlimnologicalconditionsaffectingthelifehistorystagesofanadromousfish,andtodeterminethecontributionofpotentiallyaffectedstockstothesalmonpro-ductionwithinCookInletasawhole,andspecifically,theircontributiontotheproductionwithintheSusitnaRiverdrain-age.Thisworkwillbeaccomplishedbyfieldsurveycrewsusingmechanicalandelectronicgear,nets,andbyaerialsurveys.Ascriticalhabitatareasareidentified,studyemphasiswillbeconcentratedintheselocations.Theinvestigationsandresultswillbereviewedannuallytoreevaluatethepotentialprojectimpactsandredefinethestudydirection,asnecessary.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$1,061,000237 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-4Activity:Determineandevaluateprojectimpactsonanad-romousfish.Description:Thisactivitywillconsistofdeterminingthetypesandmagnitudeofeffectswhichtheprojectislikelytohaveuponanadromousfish.OnthebasisofdatagatheredpursuanttoactivityB-3!theeffectsofalteredriverflowandchangesinwaterqualitycharacteristicswillbeevaluatedutilizinginfor-mationobtainedfromotheractivities.Theseincludewaterqualitystudies(physical!chemical!andbiologicalcharacteristics)!determinationofannualandseasonalflowduration!peakandvolumecurves!lowflowfrequencyanalysis!averageannualsedi-mentload!watersurfaceprofilesandwintericeconditions!withandwithouttheproject!anddownstreamphysicaleffectsresultingfromchangesinflowregime.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$83!OOO238 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-5/5aActivity:Determinerelativeabundance,distribution,andhabitatrequirementsofresidentfishwithinimpactedareas,andlocatehabitatcriticaltothesuccessfulmigration,spawning,incubation,andrearingofthesespecies.Description:DatarelevanttoresidentfishspecieswillbecoordinatedwithanadromousfishstudiesdownstreamfromDevilCanyon.Specialattentionwillbegiventhoseareasimportanttoresidentfishwhichmaynotcoincidewithanadromousfishhabitat.ResidentfisnstudiesconsistingofinventoriesofdistributionandabundancewillalsobeconductedalongtheSusitnaRivermainstemanditstributariesupstreamfromDevilCanyontothemouthoftheTyoneRiverandstreamsbisectedbytransmissioncorridors.Ofparticularimportanceinthisstudywillbethedeterminationofwinterdistributionandhabitatrequirementwithinareassubjecttoprojectimpact.Studieswillbemadeofthetributarieswhereitissuspectedthatresidentfishpredominantlyresideduringthesummermonths,andthemainstemSusitnaRiverwheremanyofthesesamefishmaywinter.Studyofstreamsalongtransmissionlinecor-ridorswillbelimitedtothoseidentifiedashavingsomedirectimpactfromprojectconstruction.Theinvestigationsandresultswillbereviewedannuallybytheprofessionalsconductingthestudiestoreevaluatethepotentialprojectimpactsandredefinethestudydirectionasnecessary.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$778,000239 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-6Activity:Determineandevaluateprojectimpactsonresidentfish.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivityistodeterminethetypesandmagnitudesofeffectswhichtheprojectislikelytohaveonresidentfish,pursuanttoanevaluationofdataobtainedfromactivityB-5andotherstudiesrelatedtodescribingandevaluatingphysicalconditionswithoutandwiththeproject.Informationrequiredinthisanalysisincludesphysical,chemical,andbiologicalwaterdata,determinationofflowregimewithoutandwiththeproject,changesinsedimentloadandtransportdownstream,andentrapmentrates,distributionandstratificationwithinreservoirs,erosionpotentialinreservoiractivestoragezoneandassociatedimplicationsforwaterquality,iceconditionsonreservoirsanddownstream,andreservoiranddownstreamhydrauliceffectsofimpoundmentandalteredflowregime.Down-streamhabitatchangeswillbedetermined,aswillhabitatlost(throughinundation)orpotentiallycreated(accesstostreamsformerlyhydraulicallyblockedwithinreservoirareas)upstreamfromthedams.Thepotentialforestablishmentofviablefisherieswithintheimpoundmentswillalsobeassessedaspartofthisactivity.Changesrelatedtosuchthingsasvelocity,predation,foodproduction,cover,siltload,temperature,streaminundation,streamflow,andwaterqualitywillbeevaluatedindeterminingthelikelyeffectsoftheprojectuponresidentfishspecies.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$83,000240 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-7Activity:IdentifyandassesseffectsofalteredoutflowoftheSusitnaRiverupontheestuarineareainUpperCookInlet.Description:Commentsfromnumeroussources,includingstateofficialsresponsibleforsportandcommercialfishing,indicateaconcernforchangeswhichmightoccurinexistinghabitatqualitywithinUpperCookInlet,particularlYtheestuarineareaatthemouthoftheSusitnaRiver.Baselinestudieswillbeconductedtodetermineexistingwaterqualityandbiologicalproductivitywithin<theestuarineareaandthelowerreachoftheSusitnaRiver.Pointsofconsiderationforstudiesnotcoveredinthosealreadycitedincludeanevaluationofsuchthingsassedimentload,nutrientload,primaryproductivity,fresh/saltwaterstratification(wedges),tidalinfluence,andcurrentregimes.Aftersufficienthydrologicandhydrographicdatahasbeencol-lectedandevaluateditwillbereviewedtodetermineiftheestuarineareawillbesignificantlyimpactedbytheproject.Theywilldeterminetheneedforandtheextentoffurtherstudies.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$232,000 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-8/8aActivity:Identifyandmapmoosehabitatwithinimpactareas,locatecriticalhabitat,determinecurrenthabitatconditionandtrends,determinecarryingcapacity,anditentifywaterconditionsassociatedwithmoosehabitat.Description:Availableinformationindicatesaheavydependenceupontheriverbottomsandadjacentlandsforwinterrangebothaboveandbelowtheproposeddamsites.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoidentifyandmapvegetativetypeswhichprovidemoosehabitatwithintheimpoundmentareasanddownstreamfloodplain,andadja-centlandslostdirectlytofloodin9orpotentiallyaffecteddirectlyorindirectlybychangesinflowregime.Downstreamworkwillbeaccomplishedinareasofprojectimpact.InconjunctionwithactivityB-9,areasofcriticalwinterhabitatwillbedefined,located,andmapped.Verificationofuseofplantspeciesidenti-fiedaspreferredwinterbrowse,theintensityofsuchuse,andthegeneralcondtionofkeybrowsespecieswillbeaccomplishedbyfieldsurveysconsistingoflocatingandtaggingandannuallymeasuringbrowsegrowthandutilization.Browsegrowthrateswillbeestablishedfollowingtheseasonofactiveannualgrowthinthefall,andutilizationwillbedeterminedpriortonewplantgrowththefollowingspring.Intensityofpreviousutili-zationwillbedeterminedandthegeneralconditionsandvigorofkeyspeciesestablished.Resultsofthisactivity,alongwithdatacollectedunderactivityB-9,willbeutilizedtoestimatecarryingcapacityofwinterrangespotentiallyaffectedbytheproject.Locationandabundanceofmoosebrowseislargelydeterminedbysoilmoisture,whichinturnisdeterminedbyconditionsaffect-ingthegroundwatertable.Plantspeciesandareasrepresenta-tiveofsubclimaxconditionsaregenerallymostproductiveofqualitymoosebrowse.ItissuspectedthatthecurrentpatternofnaturalannualfloodingontheSusitnaRiverproducescondi-tionsconducivetogoodmoosebrowseproduction.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoidentifypermanentandcyclic(annual)waterconditionswhichaffectbrowseproduction.Thiswillrequireananalysisofhistoricseasonalstreamflowdatatoidentifythemagnitudeandfrequencyofflowswhichimpartthemostprofoundeffectonvegetation.TheareaofconcentrationforthisprotionofthestudyconsistsoflandssubjectedtoannualinundationalongthemainstemSusitnaRiverbetweenPortageCreekandthemouthoftheChulitnaRiver.Flooding242 patternswithoutandwiththeprojectwillbemappedonover-laysonmoosebrowse.Onthebasisofthesecomparisons,impactsonexistingbrowsepatternsandproductionwillbeesti-mated.Theinvestigationsandresultswillbereviewedannuallytoreevaluatethepotentialprojectimpactsandredefinethestudydirection,asnecessary.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$400,000243 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-9/9aActivity:Identifymoosesubpopulationsanddeterminetheseasonaldistribution,movementpatterns,sizeandtrendofthosesubpopulationswithinareasofprojectimpact,anddeter-minethetiminganddegreeofsubpopulationdependencyonimpac-tedhabitat.Description:Thepurposeofthisstudyistoidentifymoosepopu-lationsutilizinghabitatsubjecttodirectandindirectimpactoftheproject,determineseasonalrangesandmigrationpatternsofmoosepopulations,determine'whatsegmentsofeachidentifiedpopulationutilizeareassubjecttodirectorindirectprojectimpact,anddeterminetowhatdegreetheseanimalsaredependentonthathabitat.Anyapparenttrendinmoosepopulationswillbeidentifiedandevaluted.Workwillbeaccomplishedbymarkinganumberofmooseinrepresentativelocationswithradiotransmitters,andbyperiodicallylocatingandmappingtheirpositionsbyaerialsurvey.Thisprogramwillpermitmappingofmooseconcentrationsandmovement,andwillprovideinformationrequiredtodeterminesexandagecompositionofanimalsusingvariousareas.Also,itwillbepossibletodetermineseasonaluseofhabitattypes.Dis-tributionandmovementwillbedelineatedbyplottinglocationsonanoverlayofthevegetative-typemappreparedunderactivityB-1.Thisactivitywillfurnishinformationwhich,inconjunctionwithdataobtainedfromactivityB-8,canbeutilizedtoidentifycriticalhabitataswellasnumbersofmooseutilizingthestudyarea.Thisprocedurewillbeusedtodeterminetheyearlydistributionofmooseutilizingtheimpactarea.Theuseofradiostotransmitmovementandpopulationdatawillbesupplementedbyaerialreconnaissancetovisuallycountmoose,mapconcentra-tions,anddeterminesexandagecompositionofanimalsobserved.Someofthisinformationwillbeobtainedduringaerialsurveysbeingconductedprimarilyforotherpurposes.Theinvestigationsandresultswillbereviewedannuallytoreevaluatethepotentialprojectimpactsandredefinethestudydirection,asnecessary.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$624,000244 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-10Activity:Determineandevaluateprojectimpactsonhabitatandsubpopulationsofmoose.Description:UtilizingdataobtainedfromactivitiesB-1,8,and9,thisstudywilldeterminebothshort-andlong-termeffectswhichtheprojectislikelytohaveuponmooseintheSusitnaRiverdrainage.Theimplicationsoftotallossofallhabitatsubjecttoinundationwillbeassessedandevaluatedaswillthemoresubtlechangeexpectedtooccurdownstreamasaresultofchangesinannualfloodingpatternsandapermanentlyalteredriverflowregime.Changesinpresentannualriverflowandfloodplaingroundwaterprofileswillbeevaluatedastotheanticipatedeffectsonriparianvegetation.PrimaryemphasisbelowthedamswillbeupstreamfromtheconfluencewiththeChulitnaRiver,withsomeanalysisofpossiblechangesbetweenChulitnaRiverandUpperCookInlet.Impactsuponmoosewillbeevaluatedintermsofnumberslikelytobelost,reduced,orforcedtoacceptotheravailablehabitat.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$42,000 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-ll/llaActivity:Identifyandmapcaribouhabitatassociatedwithalternatetransmissioncorridorsandareassubjecttoimpound-mentanddeterminetheseasonalrangesandmigrationroutesofcaribouwithemphasisontraditionalmigrationrouteswithrespecttotheproposedimpoundmentareas.Description:Thepurposeofthisstudyistoidentifycaribouhabitatwithinareassubjecttoprojectimpact.Workwillconsistofidentifyingandmappingvegetativetypesknowntoprovidecaribouhabitat.Vegetative-typemapsprovidedbyactivityB-1willbeutilizedasabaseforproducingoverlaysidentifyingandoutliningvegetationknowntobeutilizedbycaribou.Thesemapswillinturnbeusedasabaseforoverlaysreflectingseasonaldistributionofcaribou.Thedistributionstudieswillidentifyandquantify,totheextentpracticable,cariboupopulationspotentiallyaffectedbytheproject.DrasticdeclineshavebeenreportedinrecentyearsintheNelchinacaribouherd.Currentpopulationconditionandtrendmustbeestablishedinordertobeabletorecognizeandidentifyimpactswhichmaybeattributabletotheproject.Baselinedatacollec-tionwillbeaccomplishedbymethodicalaerialsurveys.Popula-tionswillbequantifiedandmappedastoseasonallocationanddistribution.Aerialtransectswillbeestablishedandconsist-entlyflowninthesamepatternstoprovidegrossdistributionandusedata.Whereanimalsareobserved,intensivecoverageofsurroundingareaswillbemadeinanattempttoobtainaccuratecounts.Particularemphasisduringaerialsurveyswillbeplacedondeterminingthelocationandtimingofmigratorymovementwithinthevicinityofthereservoirs.Cariboumovementisknowntovaryfromyeartoyear;however,largenumbersareknowntousuallycrosstheSusitnaRiverinthevicinityofthereservoirs,par-ticularlyastheymovefromcalvinggroundstosummerrange.Thisactivitywillbesupplementedbyaerialsurveysmadeinconjunctionwithmooseradiotrackingflights.Frequencyofsurveyswillbeincreasedduringperiodsofspringmigration.Theinvestigationsandresultswillbereviewedannuallytoreevaluatethepotentialprojectimpactsandredefinethestudydirection,asnecessary.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$126,000246 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-12Activity:DetermineandevaluateprojectimpactsuponNe1chinacaribouherd.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivityistodetermine,onthebasisofdatacollectedpursuanttoactivityB-11,theimpactswhichtheprojectislikelytohaveontheNe1chinacaribouherd.Twotypesofimpactsareanticipated:onerelatedtotheinfluenceoftransmissionlinesoncariboumovementandhabitatutilization,andtheotherrelatedtotheconstructionofreservoirsbisectingmigrationroutesbetweencalvingandsummer-inggrounds.Althoughlittlecaribouhabitatislikelytobedestroyedbytransmissionlineconstruction,moresubtleimpacts(relatedtoincreasedaccessibilityofpeopleandtheconsequentincreasedpossibilityofwildfire,andthevisualcontrastandsoundassociatedwithtransmissionlines)mayhavevaryingdegreesofeffectsuponcaribou,dependingonthecorridorschosenforconstructionoftransmissionfacilities.Somecaribouhabitatmaybeinundatedbyreservoirs,butuseofareaslyingwithinthecanyonoftheSusitnaRiverisprobablyminimalandtransitory.Nevertheless,thetimeanddurationofcaribouuseandthenumbersutilizingtheimpoundmentareasmustbeestablishedbeforeanyconclusionscanbemade.Caribouaregoodswimmers,asevidencedbythenumbersofnewborncalveswhichapparentlysuccessfullycrossthepresentriver.However,itisnotknownwhetherdeepwate~impoundmentwouldprovidemoreorlessofabarrier.Amajorconcernisthatthecreationoficeshelvesformedastheimpoundmentisdrawndowncouldsignificantlyrestrictmovementandperhapscauseconsiderablemortality.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$15,000247 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-13/13aActivity:Inventorythenumber,size,territory,andotheressentialactivityareasanddetermineandevaluateprobableprojectimpactsonwolfpackswhichinhabitareasthatwillbedirectlyimpactedbytheproject.Description:Thenumberofwolfpacksandnumbersofwolvesineachpackwillbeinventoried,andterritoriesandotheressentialareaswillbelocatedusingradio-collartechniquesandaerialsurveys.Wolfrelationshipstovariouspreyspeciesintheprojectimpactareaswillbedetermined.Thisactivitywillbecloselyintegratedwithmooseandcariboustudies.Alargepartofthedatarequiredforthisstudywillbeobtainedincidentallytoaerialandgroundsurveysconductedinconjunctionwithotheractivities,particularlyB-9andB-ll.Probableprojectimpactswillbedeterminedandevaluated.Theinvestigationsandresultswillbereviewedannuallytoreevaluatethepotentialprojectimpactsandredefinethestudydirection,asnecessary.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$76,000248 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-14/l4aActivity:Estimateblackandbrown/grizzlybearpopulatianddistributionintheprojectimpactareaanddetermineandevaluateprobableprojectimpacts.Description:Estimatesofblackandbrown/grizzlybearpopu-lationsanddistributionsintheprojectimpactarea,specifi-callytheareastobeinundated,willbemade.Mostofthesedatawillbeobtainedincidentallytoaerialandgroundsurveysconductedinconjunctionwithotheractivitiesandbyusingradiocollartechniques.Probableprojectimpactswillbedeterminedandevaluated.Theinvestigationsandresultswillbereviewedannuallytoreevaluatethepotentialprojectimpactsandredefinethestudydirection,asnecessary.SeasonalConstraint:None;however,fieldworkwillbeconcen-tratedduringspringandfall.Cost:$49,000249 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-15/l5aActivity:Determinethegeneralabundanceanddistributionofwolverinesintheprojectimpactareaanddetermineandevaluateproabableprojectimpacts.Description:Estimatesofthegeneralabundanceanddistri-butionofwolverinesintheprojectimpactareawillbemadeusingaerialandgroundsurveys,andradiocollartechniques.Mostofthesesurveyswillbemadeincidentallytootheractivities.Probableprojectimpactswillbedeterminedandevaluated.Theinvestigationsandresultswillbereviewedannuallytoreevaluatethepotentialprojectimpactsandredefinethestudydirection,asnecessary.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$32,000250 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-16/l6aActivity:DeterminetherelativeabundanceofDallsheepinhabitingmountainsadjacenttotheprojectimpactareaanddelineateseasonalranges.Determineandevaluateprobableprojectimpacts.Description:ThereisthepossibilityofadverseimpactsonDallsheeppopulationsfromhumandisturbanceasaresultofconstructionactivitiesandincreasedaccess.Aerialsurveyswillbeconductedtodeterminethesizeofthesheeppopula-tionandtodelineateseasonalranges.Probableprojectimpactswillbedeterminedandevaluated.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$6,000251 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-17/l7aActivity:Determinetherelativeabundanceanddistributionoffurbearer,smallgame,nongame,andbirdspeciesintheproposedimpoundmentareasanddetermineandevaluateprobableprojectimpacts.Description:Littleisknownabouttheabundanceanddistribu-tionoffurbearers,smallgame,nongame,andbirdspeciesintheprojectimpactarea.Limitedaerialandgroundsurveyswillbemadeinconjunctionwithotheractivities.Limitedtrappingwillalsobeconducted.Distributionwillbecorrelatedwiththevegetation-typemapsproducedunderactivityB-1.Probableprojectimpactswillbedeterminedandevaluated.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$20,000252 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-18Activity:Determinewhetheranyrareandendangeredspeciesofplants,fish,birds,mammals,orotherwildlifearepresentintheprojectarea,andevaluateimpactsoftheproposedactiononthesespecies.Description:Anyrareorendangeredspeciesintheareaofprojectimpactwillbeidentifiedinthecourseofotherbiologicalfieldinvestigations.Specieslistsshouldessentiallybecompletedbytheendofthesecondyearoffieldstudieswhichwillbeunder-takentoidentifyvegetation,fish,birds,mammals,andotherorganisms.Uponidentificationofarareorendangeredspecies,intensiveinvestigationsofthatparticularorganismwillbeunder-takenimmediatelytodetermineitsuse,distribution,andnumberwithinimpactedareas.Theextenttowhichanyofthesefactorswillbeinfluencedbytheprojectwillbedeterminedandevaluated.Whereapplicableandpossible,mitigativemeasureswillbeidenti-fiedandevaluated.Atthepresenttimetheperegrinefalconistheonlyendangeredspeciesknowntooccurinthearea.SeasonalConstraint:None;however,bulkofworkwilloccurduringsnow-freeperiods.Cost:$29,000253 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-19Activity:Determineannualharvestratesofspeciesoffishandwildlifeutilizedforcommercialandrecreationalpurposes,andestimatechangesexpectedasaresultoftheproject.Determineimportanceofimpactedspeciestoregionalpopulations.Description:ThisstudyisessentialtotheaccomplishmentofactivityB-20.Harvestofgameanimals,furbearers,andsportand/orcommercialspeciesoffishwillbedeterminedbyacombi-nationofsamplingdevicesincludingfieldchecks(i.e.,creelcensus),roadblocks,establishedcheckstations,questionnaires,commercialfishticketdata,andreturnsfromtaggedanmimals.(Tagging,ifaccomplished,willbedoneprimarilyinrelationtootherbiologicalstudies.)Thisinformationwillbeevaluatedintermsofphysicaleffectsoftheprojectuponhabitatandtheextenttowhichimprovedaccessibilitybyhuntersandtrappersmayimpactvariousspecies.Theimportanceofimpactedpopula-tionstoregionalpopulationswillbedeterminedbycorrelatingestimatedchangesinharvestratetoaverageannualharvest.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$172,000254 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-20Activity:Identifyanddisplaydamagestofishandwildlifeinmonetarytermsanddeterminemeasuresrequiredtoreduceoroff-setdamagesortoenhanceexistinghabitat.Description:ThisstudyisarequirementoftheFishandWildlifeCoordinationActof1958,asamended.ProceduresareoutlinedinEngineerRegulation1105-2-129.Damagestofishandwildliferesourceswillbeidentified,andtheeconomicvalueofsuchdamageswillbeevaluatedinmonetaryterms.Lossestothefishandwild-liferesourcescausing'areductioninrecreationalfishingandhuntingopportunitieswillbeevaluatedbyprocedurescomparabletothoseusedinevaluatingbenefitsfromtheseactivities.Lossesincommercialproducts(suchasfishandpelts)willbeexpressedin~onetarytermsusingthemarketvaluestotheprimaryproducersoftheproductnetofassociatedproductioncosts.Nonmonetarydamages,includingthoseimpactsaffectingtheecosystemandenvi-ronmentalquality,willbedescribedinsufficientdetailtosupportajudgementastothecostthatwouldbejustifiedtopreventoroffsetthem.Measureswhicharerequiredformitigatingorcom-pensatingfordamagesshallbedescribed.Thecostswillbedetermined,aswillresidualdamagestofishandwildliferesources.Ifenhancementfeaturesarefoundtobejustified,theywillalsobeexpressedinmonetaryterms.Benefitsattributabletohuntingandfishing,includingsportfishingforanadromousfishasadirectresultoftheenhancementoffishandwildliferesources,willbeevaluatedinthesamewayasotherformsofrecreation.Datawillbefurnishedthroughongoingorpreviouslyconductedstudies.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$100,000 BIOLOGICALSTUDIESActivityDesignation:B-21Activity:Identifyanddescribeenvironmentalcomponentsandimpactsrelatedtoeachalternativeidentifiedasapossiblesolutiontoelectricalenergyneeds.Description:Thisactivityrequiresadescriptionoftheenviron-mentalsettingandthenatureandusepresentlymadeoftheenvironmentassociatedwitheachalternativeevaluatedinthepreliminaryscreening.Thiswillbefollowedbyadescriptionoftheenvironmentalcomponentsaffectedbyeachalternative.Thebasisforestimatingimpactsofalternativeswillbethecomparisonofexistingphysical,biological,andsocio-economiccharacteristicsofwaterandlandsupply,useandcontrol,withandwithoutagivenaction.Wherequantitativedataislackingornotapplicable,changesfromthebaseconditionwillbesufficientlydescribedtopermitcomparingvariousalternativesinregardtotherelativemagnitudeofimpactsassociatedwitheachalternative.Datarequiredforthislevelofevaluationwillbebasedessentiallyonexistingsources.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$50,000256 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-lActivity:Conductinitialpublicmeetings.Description:Theinitialpublicmeetingswillbeheldasearlyaspossibleafterinitiationoftheprojectfeasibilityanalysis.Thepurposeofthisearlypublicinvolvementistoinformthepublicofthepost-authorizationplanningbeingundertakenandtoelicitpublicresponsetotheplannedstudies.InformationcontainedinthePlanofStudywillbewidelydistributedinadvanceofthemeetingsandwillserveastheprimarytopicfordiscussion.Cost:$15,000259 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-2Activity:Preparepreliminaryhydrologystudiesreport.Description:Thisdocumentwillprovidetheinformationtobeusedinthepowerstudiesandplanformulationforpreliminaryscreening.Primaryinformationwillincludemonthlystreamflowsforeachofthedamsitestobeevaluated.Itwillalsoincludeinformationonevapotranspirationratesforthecriticalstream-flowperiod,elevationcapacitycurvesforthereservoirs,andpreliminaryinformationonthespillwaydesignflood.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$3,000260 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-3Activity:Preparepreliminarysiteselectionreport.Description:Thisreportwillpresenttheanalysisandconsider-ationsthatwentintodevelopinghydroplansfortheinitialscreeningofalternatives.Itwillincludeadiscussionofpreliminarysitelayoutsandcostestimate.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$3,000261 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-4Activity:Preparepreliminaryenvironmentalstudiesreport.Description:Thisactivitywillconsistofpreparingasummarydescriptionandcomparisonofthebiologicalandsocio-economicimpactsofthevariousalternativesolutionsselectedforanalysis.DatauponwhichthisactivityisbasedwillbeassembledunderactivityB-2landEC-3.Thecontentsofthisreportwillbeutilizedinthepreliminaryscreening.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$3,000262 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-5Activity:Preparepreliminarymarketabilityanalysis.Description:Thisreportwillpresentthereviewofloadgrowthandmarketingassumptionstobeusedinevaluatingtheeconomicfeasibilityofthevariousplansforhydrodevelopment.Itwillinclude,asaminimum,seasonalloaddurationcurves,powerdemandprojections,andothermarket-ingassumptionsonthesaleabilityofSusitnapowerduringtheearlyyearsofoperationandoveritseconomiclife.Thisinformation'willbeusedtosupportthepreliminaryscreening.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$3,000263 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-6Activity:Prepareandsubmitdraftplanformulationreport.Description:Theresultsofthepreliminaryscreeningofenergyalternativeswillbepresentedinaplanselectionreport.Thosealternatives,atleastoneofwhichwillbeanonhydroplan,thatmeritfurtherstudywillbeidentifiedandcarriedforwardforadditionalrefinementandevaluationduringthedetailedfeasibilityanalysis.Thereportwillcontainadescriptionofeachalternativeplan,thepowercapabilityandassociatedbenefitsofeachplan,differentialenvironmentalimpactsandplancosts.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$6,000264 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-7Activity:Conductsecondlevelpublicmeetings.Description:Thissecondsetofpublicmeetingsisdesignedtofosterpublicparticipationinthescreeningofalternativeenergyplans.Additionally,inputwillbesoughtfromresidentsoftheimmediateprojectareatoestablishamostprobablefuturethatwillserveasaframeofreferenceintheimpactassessmentprocess.Inadvanceofthemeetings,informationalmaterialsummarizingthepreliminaryscreeningprocesswillbewidelydisseminated.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$15,000265 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-8Activity:PrepareHydrologyappendix.Description:Thisactivityentailsthecompilationandpresentationofthebasichydrologicinformationuponwhichtheprojectwillbebased.Streamflowdatawillincludeextendedmonthlyvolumesforthethreeexistingstationsandthesixnewgagestobeinstalled.Thestreamflowthroughoutthebasinwillthenbecharacterizedbyanumberofstatisticaltechniquestoincludeseasonalflowdurationcurves,peakandvolumefrequencycurves,andlowflowfrequencycurves.Thecollectionofdatawillallowadefinitivedescriptionofthehydrologyandclimatewithinthebasinandalongthetransmissionlinecorridor.Alsopresentedwillbesedimenttransportstudiesthatwillattempttodefinetotalsedimenttransportrates,reservoirentrapmentrates,anddown-streamchannelchangesasaresultofreservoirdeposition.Theappendixwilladdressthepotentialfordischargecontrolandthepossibilityofhandlingreservoirsedimentstratification.Theresultsofwaterqualitystudies,erosionpotentialinvestigations,icestudies,andspillwaydesignfloodanalyseswillalsobein-cluded.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$14,000266 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-9Activity:PreparePowerStudiesappendix.Description:Thisappendixwillincludeallpowerstudiestobeconductedforplanformulationandmorespecificallyforindepthanalysisoftheselectedplanofdevelopment.Powerstudiesforplanformulationwillentailseasonalregulationanalysisandhourlystudiestodeterminetheneedforareregulationreservoir.Thesestudieswillestablishtheenergycapabilitiesofthevariousplansofdevelopmentforanumberofassumed~amheightsandactivestoragevolumes.Therewillbenoattempttoincorporateeconomicevaluationintothesestudiesasthiswillbeaccomplishedunderplanformulation.Fortheselectedplan,anumberofloadshapestudieswillbeconductedtodeterminetheoptimummodeinwhichtheprojectsshouldbeoperated.Thereportwillincludeheaddurationcurves,tailwaterdurationcurves,turbineefficiencycurves,andsuggestedoperatingrolecurves.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$14,000267 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBL)CPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-10Activity:PrepareSiteSelectionappendix.Description:Thepurposeofthisactivityistopresentthedamsitesidentifiedandtheconsiderationswhichresultedinspecificrecommendationsastodamtypesandheightsforeachsite.Findingsofthepreliminarygeologicstudieswhichassessedsuitabilityoffoundations,quantityandqualityofconstructionmaterialsandgoodandbadphysicalfeatureswillbepresented.Inparticular,featureswhichwilllimittheheightortypeofdamconsideredatasitewillbenoted.Massquantitiesandcostheightrelationshipswillbepre-pared,preliminaryanalysesperformedandthefavorableandunfavorablepointsofeachsiteevaluated.Thisactivitywillalsopresentthemechanicsofthereviewingprocessandtherationalebywhichthespecificssiteswereselected.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$14,000268 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-l1Activity:PreparePlanFormulationappendix.Description:Thepurposeofthisappendixwillbetopresenttheproceduresandrationalebywhichtherecommendedplanofdevelop-mentisselected.Thebasicprocedurewillentailobjectiveidentification,assessmentofavailablealternatives,andcom-parisonofalternativesfromtheprimarystandpointsofeconomicenhancementandenvironmentalpreservation.Planselectionwillbebasedonthatplanwhichprovidesthegreatestcontributionstothestudyobjectives.Formulationwillrequireasynopsisofthefindingsofthepowereconomicsanalysis,hydropoweroperationstudies,andanimpactassessmentassociatedwiththevariousalternativeenergyresourcesaswellasspecificdevelop-mentplanswithintheUpperSusitnaBasin.Becauseoftheirobviousinabilitytomeetthestudyobjectivesmanyoftheenergyalternativescanbeeliminatedearlyinthestudyprocess.Afterpreliminaryscreening,theselectedplanorplanswillberefinedastodamheight,operatingcharacteristics,etc.,andthisrefinementprocesswillalsobeincludedinthisappendix.Theeconomicandeffectassessmentwillbepresentednotonlyforthemostfeasibleplanforhydrodevelopment,butalsoforthemostlikelyenergyalternativethatwouldbedevelopedifthehydrosystemwerenot.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$14,000269 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-12Activity:PrepareTransmissionFacilitiesappendix.Description:Thisappendixwillpresentthestudiesinvolvedinselectingoftransmissionlineroutes,towers,conductorandhardware,substationsandswitchyards,andotheritemsofthetransmissionfacilities.Thealternateroutesstudied,thefoundationstudies,studiesontowers,hardwareandconductors,andclearingconsiderationswillbeincludedintheappendixwithafinalrecommendationoftheselectedroute,towertypesandallhardware.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$14,000270 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-13Activity:PrepareAccessappendix.Description:Underthisactivitytheaccessroutealternativeswillbeoutlined,andtheconsiderationswhichresultedintheselectionofaspecificroutewillbepresented.Verticalandhorizontalalignmentswillbeshownandtheiradvantagesanddisadvantagesrelativetograde,curvature,distance,bridgerequirementsandfoundationswillbepresented.Particularemphasiswillbeplacedontherequirementforanallweatheraccessandthepotentialwinterproblemsofsnowandice.Bridgeneedswillbeassessedandpreliminarydesignsincluded.Foundationconditionsasrevealedbypreliminaryexplorationswillalsobeincludedinthisappendix.Cost:$10,000271 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-14Activity:PrepareFoundationsandMaterialsappendix.Description:Theresultsoftheexploration,testingandevaluationforgeologicalandfoundationconditionswillbepresentedinaFoundationsandMaterialsappendix.Specialemphasiswillbeplacedonpresentingtheresultsofseismictestinganddeterminationofthedesignearth-quake.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$14,000272 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-15Activity:PrepareRealEstateappendix.Description:Datapreviouslycollectedwillbesynthesizedintoaworkableformat.Adraftwillbepreparedofallpertinentrealestatedatatoincludeanoverallrealestateprojectmapwithmoredetailedsegmentmaps.Agrossappraisal willbepreparedwithsupportingnarrativetoprovidetechnicaljustificationforlandcosts.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$40,000273 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-16Activity:_PrepareDesignandCostEstimatesappendix.Description:Thepurposeofthisappendixwillbetodescribethevariousfeaturesoftheselectedplanandtoidentifyfeaturecosts.Includedwillbediscussionsofdamtypeandheight,foundationconditions,materialsources,andgeneralconfigurationofspillwayandoutletworks,penstocksandpowerhouse,intakesystemsandgates,andotherdamfeatures.Otherprojectcom-ponentssuchasconstructionfacilitiesandreservoirclearingwillalsobedescribed..SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$20,000274 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-17Activity:PrepareMarketingAnalysisappendix.Description:Thisreportwillsummarizethevariouspowermarketstudiesandwillpresenttheloadgrowthandpowersystemassumptionsthatunderliethedetailedfeasibilityanalysis.Inaddition,itwillcontainadetailedassessmentofexistingpowerplantretirementandfinancialfeasibilitybasedontheselectedplan.SeasonalConstraiht:NoneCost:$7,000275 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-18Activity:PrepareEnvironmentalStudiesappendix.Description:Thisworkwillconsistofaconsolidationandsummarizationoftheresultsofthebiologicalandsocio-economicstudies.Assuch,itwillserveasareferencedocumentfortheimpactassessmentprocessandforpreparationoftheEnvironmentalImpactState-mentSupplement.Cost:$14,000276 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-19Activity:PrepareRecreationappendix.Description:TheRecreationappendixwillbeprepareduponcompletionofallrecreation-relatedactivities.Platesdetailingproposedrecreationaldevelopmentswillbepreparedfollowingselectionsofthebestalternativescheme.Theprocessofrecreationplanselectionwillalsobeexplained.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$14,000277 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-20Activity:.PrepareCulturalResourcesappendix.Description:ThisCulturalResourcesReconnaissanceReportwillpresentthefindingsofboththearcheologicalandhistoricalstudies.Includedwillbeinformationrelatingtothenumberandtypesofarcheologicalandhistoricalresourcesintheprojectareaandtheprobableimpactoftheprojectonthoseresources.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$14,000278- REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-2lActivity:Prepareandsubmitdraftprojectanalysis.Description:Theresultsofthedetailedfeasibilitystudiesofthebestplanidentifiedwillbepresentedinaprojectanalysisreport.Theanalysiswillbemadeusingthedetailedinformationanddataobtainedfrommarketing,environmental,hydrological,andfoundationstudies.Themarketingstudieswillentailrefinedcostestimatesbasedonexpandedinforma-tionavailablefrom,thefoundationexplorationprogramandprojectbenefitswillbedeterminedfrompowerstudiesandpro-ductioncostanalysis.Theenvironmentalstudieswillprovidesufficientinformationtoallowidentificationofprobablemagni-tudeofimpactsandevaluationofprojectfeasibility.Powerstudieswillbederivedfromoutputprovidedbyhydrologicalevaluation.Thereportwillprovideafirmbasisforrecom-mendingfororagainstconstructionoftheproject.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$50,000279 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-22Activity:PrepareandsubmitsupplementalEIS.Description:Thisworkwillconsistoffurthersummarizationofallenvironmenal,economic,social,andengineeringstudiesaccomplishedduringtheprojectfeasibilityanalysis.Impactsfromthevariousfeaturesoftheprojectwillbeevaluatedandpresentednarratively.Detailedinformationwillbepresentedontherecommendedplan,whileimpactsofalternativeactionswillbedescribedsufficientlytofullyinformreadersanddecisionmakersofthetrade-offsandreasonsinvolvedintheirrejection.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$26,000280 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-23Activity:PrepareandsubmitProjectFeasibilityAnalysis,MainReport.Description:Followingcompletionofthedetailedfeasibilitystudies,thedetaileddamdesign,andthevariousappendices,theMainReportwillbeprepared.Itwillbeasummarydocumentthatexplainsthesequentialplanningstepsthatresultedintherecommendedplan,thevariouselementsofthatplan,andtheassociatedcostsandbenefits.Itwillalsopresentrecommendationsfor'planimplementation.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$21,000281 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-24Activity:Conductfinalreview.Description:Thisactivityestablishestimeandresourcesforathoroughreviewoftheprojectfeasibilityanalysis.IncludedaspartofthisreviewwillbecoordinationofdraftdocumentswithconcernedFederalandStateagencies,aswellasathirdsetofpublicmeetings.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$45,000282 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-25Activity:PrepareandsubmitrevisedProjectFeasibilityAnalysis.Report.Description:Afterallworkindicatedbythefinalreviewiscompletedandafterthereporthasbeenrevisedtoreflectinputfrompublicinvolvementandinteragencycoordination,thefinalreportwillbepreparedandsubmitted.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$40,000283 REPORTS,REVIEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATIONActivityDesignation:RRP-26Activity:PrepareandsubmitrevisedSupplementalEIS.Description:Workwillbeinitiatedimmediatelyuponreceiptofcommentsfollowingthe45-dayreviewperiodtopreparewrittenresponsestoindividualcomments.ThiswillrequireanintensiveeffortoverashorttimespanbyataskgroupfamiliarwithDEISandbyotherspecialistswhodevelopeddatafortheprojectfeasibilityanalysis.SeasonalConstraint:NoneCost:$67,000284 AVAILABLEDATAAnumberofdocumentsareavailablewhichdiscussthegeneralsettingoftheUpperSusitnaRiverBasinandthesurroundingcommunitiesthatwouldbeservedbytheproposedhydroproject.AlsoavailableareseveralreportswhichaddressspecificdevelopmentoftheSusitnaBasin.Thefollowinglist'ofreportsincludesonlysomeofthemorepertinentstudiesrelativetotheRailbeltenvironment.MoredetailedisthelistingofthereportswhichdescribestudiesoftheUpperSusitnaRiverBasin.Manyofthereportsconsistofone-of-a-kinddocumentswhichareavailableonlythroughtheCorpsofEngineersorotheragencies,whileotherscanbeobtainedthroughlibraries,governmentalagencies,orprivateorganizations.Beck,R.W.,andAssociatesandRalphR.StefanoandAssociate,Engineer-ingandEconomicStudiesfortheCityofAnchorage,AlaskaMunicipalLightandPowerDepartment,August1970.Bishop,DanielM.,AHydrologicReconnaissanceoftheSusitnaRiverBelowDevilCanyon,forEnvironaid,Juneau,Alaska,October1974.CH2MHill;ElectricGenerationandTransmissionIntertieSystemforInteriorandSouthcentralAlaska,1972.ChugachElectricAssociation,EnvironmentalAnalysisforProposedAdditionstoChugachElectricAssociation,Inc.,GeneratingStationatBeluga,Alaska,October1973.Dames&MooreConsultingEngineers,SubsurfaceGeophysicalExplorationforProposedWatanaDamsite,Anchorage:U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,AlaskaDistrict,1975.FederalEnergyAdministration,ProjectIndependence,1974.FederalPowerCommission,AlaskaPowerSurvey,1969.285 ___~~'DivisionofParks,HeritageResourcesAlongtheUpperSusitnaRiver,August1975.___~~~,JointFederal-StateLandUsePlanningCommissionforAlaska,andtheUniversityof"laska,CoordinatedbyLidiaL.Selkregg,AlaskaRegionalProfiles-SouthcentralRegion,1974.U.S.DepartmentoftheArmy,CorpsofEngineers,OfficeoftheChiefofEngineers,CookInletandTributaries,1950.___~'CorpsofEngineers,AlaskaDistrict,AReportontheRampartCanyonProject,YukonBasin,Alaska,1971.___~.--'CorpsofEngineers,AlaskaDistrict,OffshoreOilandGasDevelopmentinCookInlet,Alaska-EnvironmentalImpactState-ment,September1974.___---;::---.-.--'CorpsofEngineers,Il.laskaDistrict,PublicHearinginFairbanks,AlaskaonSouthcentralRailbeltHydropowerStudy,6t4ay1974._________~'CorpsofEngineers,AlaskaDistrict,CoordinationConfer-enceforSouthcentralRailbeltHydropowerStudy,29October1974.___~-...--,'AlaskaDistrict,InterimFeasibilityReport,SouthcentralRailbeltAreaAlaska,UpperSusitnaRiverBasin,12December1975.___~-..~'AlaskaDistrict,InterimFeasibilityReport,SouthcentralRailbeltAreaAlaska,UpperSusitnaRiverBasin,Appendix1,Parts1and2,12December1975.__-.~..~'AlaskaDistrict,InterimFeasibilityReport,SouthcentralRailbeltAreaAlaska,UpperSusitnaRiverBasin,Appendix2.______...--:-'AlaskaDistrict,EnvironmentalImpactStatement,Hydro-electricPowerDevelopment,UpperSusitnaRiverBasinSouthcentralRailbeltAreaAlaska,December1975.__~~~_'AlaskaDistrict,PublicMeetinginFairbanks,AlaskaonSouthcentralRailbeltHydropowerStudy,8October1975.__~~~_'AlaskaDistrict,Public[\1eetinginAnchorage,AlaskaonSouthcentralRailbeltHydropowerStudy,27May1975.___~~.--'AlaskaDistrict,PublicMeetinginFairbanks,AlaskaonSouthcentralRailbeltHydropowerStudy,29May1976.U.S.DepartmentofCommerce,NationalMarineFisheriesService.AHydrologicalReconnaissanceoftheSusitnaRiverBelowDevilCanyonDam,October1974.286 U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,AlaskaNaturalResourcesandtheRampartProject,June1967.,AlaskaPowerAdministration,AlaskaRai1be1tTransmission----,,----:--System,workingpaper,December1967.,AlaskaPowerAdministration,CentralAlaskaPowerPool,-----;--:--workingpaper,October1969._~~,AlaskaPowerAdministration,DevilCanyonStatusReport,May1974._~~~'BureauofLandManagement,Mu1timoda1TransportationandUtilityCorridorSystemsinAlaska- APreliminaryConceptualAnalysis,October1974.,BureauofReclamation,AReconnaissanceReportonthe-~Po-t~e-n~tia1DevelopmentofWaterResourcesintheTerritor~ofAlaska,December1948._~'BureauofReclamation,PotentialDevelopmentofWaterResourcesintheSusitnaRiverBasinofAlaska,August1952.,BureauofReclamation,AlaskaDistrict,DevilCanyon---;::-Pr-o-:j:--e-ct 1960:WaterandPowerAppendix,FinancialAnalysisAppendix,WaterandPowerPlansandEstimatesAppendix,PowerDemandandSupplyAppendix.______,BureauofReclamation,EngineeringGeologyReport,1960._~~~.,BureauofReclamation,AlaskaGeologicReportNo.7,DevilCanyonProject,1960._~~~'BureauofReclamation,FeasibilityReport,DevilCanyonProject,Alaska,March1961._~,BureauofReclamation,EngineeringGeologyoftheVeeCanyonDamsite,November1962.,BureauofReclamation,InterimReportonVeeProject,---::"A'="""la-s""'k-a,1964•____~~'FishandWildlifeService,SurveyofthePeregrineFalconandOtherRaptorsintheProposedSusitnaRiverReservoirImpound-mentAreas.,GeologicalSurvey,WaterResourcesDataforAlaska,-~~-:--.MultipleAnnualVolumes.287 FederalPowerCommission,AdvisoryCommitteeReports,1974AlaskaPowerSurvey(with1975update):ReportoftheExecutiveAdvisoryCommittee,December1974EconomicAnalysisandLoadProjections,May1974ResourcesandElectricPowerGeneration,May1974CoordinatedSystemsDevelopmentandInterconnection,December1974EnvironmentalConsiderationsandConsumerAffairs,May1974.JonesandJones,UpperSusitnaRiver,Alaska-AnInventoryandEval-uationoftheEnvironmentalAestheticandRecreationalResources,U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers,AlaskaDistrict,1975.HenryJ.Kaiser,ReassessmentReportonUpperSusitnaRiverHydro-electricDevelopmentfortheStateofAlaska,1974.RalphM.ParsonCompany,CentralAlaskaPowerStudy.____________,AlaskaPowerFeasibilityStudy,1962.ResourcesPlanningTeamoftheJointFederal-StateLandUsePlanningCommissionforAlaska,ResourcesofAlaska,July1974.RobertW.RetherfordAssociates,CopperValleyElectricalAssociation,Inc.,15-YearPowerCostStudy,Hydro/Diesel,October1974.StanleyConsultants,PowerSupply,GoldenValleyElectricalAssociation,Inc.,Fairbanks,Alaska,1970.StateofAlaska,DepartmentofEconomicDevelopment,AlaskaStatisticalReview,December1972.,DepartmentofFishandGame,Alaska'sWildlifeandHabitat,--J--a-n-u-a-ry1973.,DepartmentofFishandGame,Alaska1973CatchandProduc------,,..-,--,,,-'tionCommercialFisheryStatistics,StatisticalLeafletNo.26.,DepartmentofFishandGame,AnAssessmentStudyofthe---.---.,..--AnadromousFishPopulationsintheUpperSusitnaWatershedBetweenDevilCanyonandtheChulitnaRiver,byBruceM.Barrett,1974.___--=~,DepartmentofFishandGame,Spring1974MooseParturitionCountsoftheProposedDevilCanyonDamArea,byDonaldCalkins,1974.288- GLOSSARYadit- ahorizontalgallerydrivenfromthesurfacegivingaccesstoa--workarea.alluvium-materialeroded,transported,anddepositedbystreams.anemometer- adevicewhichmeasuresairspeed.arcuate-bowshapedorbent.aquifer- asubsurfacezonethatyieldseconomicallyimportantamountsofwatertowells.backwatercurve- acurveshowinghigh-watersurfaceonagivenstreamresultingfromdownstreamobstructions,orhighstagesinaninter-sectingstream.batholith- ahugemassofigneousrockofirregularshapeandgreatextentinalldimensions.bellmouth-flaredmouthonapipeopening.blockfaulting-seefaultblock.B.O.D.-biochemicaloxygendemand.bus- asetoftwoormoreelectricconductorsthatserveascommonconnectionsbetweenloadcircuitsandeachofthepolarities(directcurrent)orphases(alternatingcurrent)ofthesourceofelectricpower.C.O.D.-chemicaloxygendemand(ofwater).criticalpathmethod(CPM)- amethodofschedulingactivitiesbywhichtheactivitiesareplacedinsequentialorderandgiventimeesti-matessothatthemosttime-consumingactivityisidentified.Themosttime-consumingactivity,orseriesofinterdependentactivities,constitutethecriticalpath.dendritic-havingabranching,treelikepatternorstructure.289 dependablecapacity-theassuredpeakload;carryingabilityofaplantorsystemunderadversewaterconditionsforthetimeintervalandperiodspecifiedwhenrelatedtothecharacteristicsoftheloadtobesupplied,expressedinkilowatts(ormegawatts).diastrophism-processorprocessesbywhichtheearth'scrustisdeformed;theresultsofthisaction.drawdown-thedistancethatthewatersurfaceofareservoirisloweredfromagivenelevationastheresultofthewithdrawalofwater.elevationversuscapacitycurves-graphicrepresentationoftherelation-shipbetweentheelevationandthestoragecapacityofareservoir.fault- afractureinrockalongwhichtheadjacentrocksurfacesaredifferentiallydisplaced.faultblock- arockmasswhichisboundedbyfaults.firmenergy-energyrequiredtobeavailableatalltimes.frazilice- aspongyaccumulationoficecrystalswhichforminsuper-cooledturbulentwater.glacialmoraine-anaccumulationofglacialdebris(drift)depositedbyglacialaction.groutcurtain- arowofdrilledholesfilledwithgroutunderpressuretoformaseepagebarrierunderadam.head-(ofpressure)-heightofacolumnoffluidnecessarytodevelopaspecificpressure.hydrograph- agraphicalrepresentationofstage,flow,velocity,orothercharacteristicsofwateratagivenpointasafunctionoftime.hydrometeorological-thatpartofmeteorologydirectlyrelatedtohydro-logicproblemssuchasfloodcontrol,irrigation,orhydroelectricpower.initialsunkcosts-projectcostspreviouslyexpended.insitu-intheoriginallocation.invert-thefloororbottomofaconduit.lateralslipping-horizontalmovementofrockalongafracture.290 limnological-relatedtothescienceoflifeandconditionsforlifeinlakes,pondsandstreams.manuscriptmapping-originaldrawingproducedfrommappinginstrument.orographiceffects-effectsonaircurrentscausedbymountains.2asserines-perchingbirds.penstock- aclosedwaterconduitcontrolledbyvalvesandlocatedbetweentheintakeandtheturbineinahydroelectricplant.photomosaic-compositephotographmadeupofindividual,small-areaphotosplacedsidebyside.photo/topo-themappingofsurfacefeaturesbymeansofaerialphoto-graphy.picturepointaerialphotography-photographstakenaftertargetpanelsareplacedonthegroundorafterexistingobjectsareidentifiedwhichcanlaterbelocatedinthephotography.platejackingtest- atestforqualityoffoundationrock,inwhichplatesarecementedtorockwalls(usuallyofatunnel),thenpres-sureisappliedbyahugehydraulicjack.Deflectionoftherockunderpressure,andreboundoftherockafterthepressureisremoved,givesindicationofthequalityofthefoundation.rimeicing-,amilky,opaque,granulardepositformedbytherapidfreezingofsuper-cooledwaterdropsonanexposedsurface;com-posedessentiallyofseparateicegranules.riparian-livingorlocatedonariverbank.rivercrosssection- adepictionofthecontoursoftheriverbottom.secondaryenergy-electricenergyhavinglimitedavailability.Inagoodwateryear,ahydroplantcangenerateenergyinexcessofitsprimeenergycapability.Thisexcessenergyisclassifiedassecondaryenergybecauseitisnotavailableeveryyear,andvariesinmagnitudeinthoseyearswhenitisavailable.shotcrete-pneumaticallyplacedconcrete.steelbent- aframeworksupporttransversetothelengthofastructure.291. tailwaterratingcurve-depictionofdischarges(flowratesatgiveninstantsexpressedasvolumeperunitoftime)inrelationtotheelevationofthewatersurface.Thesecurvesindicatedischargeforvariousstageelevations.tectonics- abranchofgeologydealingwithrockstructureandexternalformsoftheearth1scrust.telemetry-transmittingofinstrumentreadingstoaremotelocationbymeansofwires,radio,etc.Remotemetering.tiltmeter-aninstrumentusedtomeasuresmallchangesinthetiltoftheearth1ssurface,usuallyinrelationtoaliquid-levelsurfaceortotherestpositionofapendulum.userdayvalues-Cost/benefitvalues derivedfromcalculationsinwhichauserdayisdefinedasanypartofadayspentinaparticularrec-reationalactivity.volcanism-themovementofmoltenrockfromtheinterioroftheearthintothecrustandtothesurface.watersurfaceprofile- agraphshowingtherelationshipofwatersurfaceelevationtolocation,thelattergenerallyexpressedasdistanceabovethestreammouth.Itisgenerallydrawntoshowsurfaceele-vationforthecrestofaspecificflood,butmaybepreparedforcon-ditionsatagiventimeorstage.292 Table1.TabulationofProgramActivitiesAccordingtoCostandYearofAccomplishment.CostYear($1,000)1 2 3 4SURVEY(SY)IONrivercrosssectionsatpreliminarysites.50*rivercrosssectionsdownstream.300*entialreservoirsites.460*controlledphoto/topoalongaccessroute.225* *controlledphoto/topoalongtransmissionr.70*controlledphoto/topoatWatanadamsite.15*controlledphoto/topoatDevilCanyon.60*HYDROLOGY(HY)COLLECTIONPROGRAM.climatologicdataforbasinandtrans-1ine.423* *andoperateadditionalstreamgagesandestreamgaging.300**waterdata.60* * *TEOROLOGICALSETTINGOFBASIN.e hydrometeorologicalsetting.8*ECTSTREAMFLOWANALYSIS.streamflowandcorrelatewithlongest10*annualandseasonalflowdurationcurves.2*peakandvolumefrequencycurves.21*lowflowfrequencyanalysisforcritical10*RANDDOWNSTREAMSEDIMENTSTUDIES.neaverageannualtotalload.35* *neentrapmentratesandreservoirution.20**nereservoirsuspendedsedimentstrati-n.15*neeffectondownstreamchannel.20*MappotObtainObtaincorridoObtainObtainCONDUCTRESERVOI9.Determi10.Determidistrib11.Determificatio12.DetermiIMPLEMENTADATA1.Collectmission2.Installcontinu3.CollectRIVERCROSSSECT1.Obtain2.ObtainCONDUCTPRE-PROJ5.Extendrecord.6.Develop7.Develop8.Developperiod.MAPPING3.4.5.6.7.DESCRIBEHYDROME4.Describ293 CostYear($1,000)1 2 3 4HYDROLOGY(HY(Cont.)NFLOODDERIVATION.'nfinalProbableMaximumPrecipitationfromWS.1*ibratebasinModel.25*mineProbableMaximumFloodandrouteghreservoir.15*PROFILEDETERMINATION.minewtersurfaceprofilesfromTalkeetnatana.25* *UDIES.andreservoirconditions.130* *wliteratureaboutexistingstorageprojectscticconditions.20*TUDIESREQUIREDFORTRANSMISSIONLINEctliteraturesearchandlimitedfieldy.15*TREAMFLOWANALYSIS.oppost-projectfrequencycurves.1*minepost-projectdownstreamwatersurfaceles.20*INGSCHEDULES.opreservoirfillingschedules.9* * *ESTUDIES.ctmasswateryieldstudies.55* * *ctmasssedimentyieldstudies.55* **TIONSTUDIES.mineevaporationrates.10*ES.depreliminaryspillwaydesignflood.1*mineelevationversuscapacityrelationships.8*ENVIRONMENTAL(EN)STUDIES.ctchemicalandbiologicalwaterquality140* * *ICESTRiverRevieinarOTHERACTIVITI26.Provi27.DeterWATERQUALITY1.Co11edata.WATERSURFACE16.Deterto~IaEVAPOTRANSPIRA25.DeterRESERVOIRFILL22.DevelPOSTPROJECTS20.Devel21.DeterprofiGLACIALBALANC23.Condu24.ConduCONDUCT17.18.WINDANDICESDESIGN.19.CondusurveSPILLl4AYDESIG13.ObtalHMB-N14.Reca115.Deterthrou294 CostYear($1,000)12 34ENVIRONMENTAL(EN)(Cont.)rtemperaturestratificationstudiesandrswaterqualitymodeling.150* *spillwayandoutletworksfordissolveduction..20*rosionpotentialinactivestoragezone.20*ECONOMICS(EC)ONOMICSTUDIES.employmentbenefitanalysis.5*flooddamagepreventionanalysis.12* *r~PACTSTUDIES.preliminarysocio-economicimpactstudies.ialscreeningofalternatives.11*detailedprofilesofsocio-economicnsintheimmediateprojectarea,theandtheState.15**future"without-projectIconditions.15*future"withproject"conditions.20*andevaluatesignificantsocio-economic6**RECREATION(R).datasearchandevaluation.5*supplyanddemandanalysis.20*alternativeplansforpublicrecreationtedresourcesuses.15*cost/benefitevaluationofalternativedselectfinalplan.16**PLANFORMULATION(PF)USSTUDIES.976feasibilityreport.1*owervalues..3*REVIEWOFPREVIO1.Review12.Updatep4.Assesse2.Reservo;reservoi3.AnalyzegasprodRECREATIONPLAN1.Conduct2.Conduct3.Develop.andre1a4.ConductplansanMISCELLANEOUSEC1.Perform2.PrepareSOCIO~ECONOMICI3.Conductforinit4.Developconditioregion,5.Forecast6.Forecast7.Identifyeffects.295 CostYear($1,000)1 234PLANFORMULATION(PF)(Cont.)TERIA.ishevaluationcriteria.5*IMINARYEVALUATION.fypossiblesolutions.8*ICPLANSOFHYDROPOWERDEVELOPMENT.ishsitelayouts.40*tmasstake-offsandprovidecostestimates.-*reregulationdamcosts.1*ppowerbenefitsand'assesseconomictiveness.10*ICATIONANDEVALUATION.reliminaryassessmentofalternatives.5'*ATIONOFALTERNATIVES.theimpactanalysisasneeded.20**OFHYDROSYSTEMOPERATIONINREGIONALLOAD.feasibilityoffutureunitsanddown-reregulation.4*thourlyloadingstudies.3*sensitivitytoloadgrowth.1*STEMSTUDIES.tsystemstudiesonalternativedevelop-20*STCALCULATION.tandcomparebenefitandcostestimates.3*POWERSTUDIES(PS)POWERSTUDIES.fyoptimumdamheights,reservoirstoragetimumpower.40*thourlysimulatedoperation.70*tedownstreamimpactswithandwithoutatingdam.40*pproductioncostmodel.48*ANALYZESPECIF5.Establ6.Conduc7.Assess8.DeveloattracEVALUATIONCRI3.EstablBENEFITANDCO15.CollecALTERNATIVESY14.Conducments.MISCELLANEOUS1.Identiandop2.Conduc3.Evaluaregula4.DeveloIMPACTIDENTIF9.MakepON-GOINGEVALU10.UpdateIDENTIFICATION11.Studystream12.Conduc13.AssessPLANSANDPREL4.Identi296 CostYearFERCLICENSE13.Prepare($1,000)1 23 4POWERMARKETSTUDIES(PM)oGROWTHANALYSIS.powermarketanalysisfromfeasibility6*ROWTHANDPOWERr1ARKETANALYSIS.socio-economicbasestudy.75*tfuturedevelopment.28*employmentandpopulationforecasts.11*eexistingandplannedpowergeneration1985.3*electricenergyusetrends.15*ITelectricitydemandforecastsbysector.50*loaddistributiondataandduration15*longtermpoweroutlookandsystem*~--ments.25e theretirementofexistingandplannedlants.14*ealternativepowersources.75=Frprojectfinancialfeasibility.30materialfordraftFERClicense.150*FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALS(FM)Y.regionalgeologystudy,faultstudy,andityevaluation.470*ING.seismicmonitoringsystem.310*seismicmonitoringsystemandanalyze225****route.18*sitegeologyandsoilsstudy.370***andtestforaccessroad.1,460***NE.route.35*sitegeologyandsoilsstudy.185* *andtest.830* *foundationandmaterialsdesign.80**REGIONALGEOLOG1.ConductseismicACCESSROAD.4.Select5.Conduct6.ExploreDETAILEDLOADG2.Prepare3.Forecas4.Prepare5.Describthrough6.Assess7.Develop8.Developcurves.9.Assessrequire10.Eva1uatpowerp11.Eva1uat12.AssessPRELIMINARYLOA1.Updatereport.TRANSMISSIONLI7.Select8.Conduct9.Explore10.ConductSEISMICMONITOR2.Insta113.Operatedata.297 CostYear.($1,000)1 2 3 4FOUNDATIONSANDMATERIALS(H~)ctsitegeologystudy.-* * *reandtestforsiteselection.210* *reforpotentialconstructionmaterialses.845* * *atesiteselectionanddam.170* *reandtestforfinaldesign.1,820* **ctgeophysicalinvestigations.93* * *rmconcretestudies.265** *rmfeaturedesignforembankmentdam,rdamsanddiversions..(F&Maspects).910***rmfeaturedesignforspillway,powerhouseut1etworks(F&Maspects).410* **SITE.ctsitegeologystudy.35**reandtestforsiteselection.650* **ateforsiteselectionanddamtype.-* * *rockmechanicsandconductin-situtesting.280* * *ctconcreteaggregatestudies.85* * *ctfieldreconnaissance.8*reandtestforsiteselectionanddam6*DESIGN(D)CREENING.preliminaryselectionofpotentialdamsites.12*ctsiteinspection.28*minetypesandheightsofdams.34*inepowerhousesizeandlocation.25*opdiversionscheme.25*opwaterpassages.40*ateprojectcosts.17*IBILITYSTUDIES(WATANAANDDEVILCANYON).damtypeandheight.90* * *spillways.68* **outletworks.66* **waterdiversionandcare.62* **powerhousesize,typeandlocation.100* * *powerintakeandconduit.200**ateselectedprojectcost.16.* *OTHERSITES.25.Condu26.Exp10type.WATANASITE.11.Condu12.Exp1013.Exp10sourc14.Eva1u15.Exp1016.Condu17.Perfo18.Perfocoffe19.Perfoand0DEVILCANYON20.Condu21.Exp1022.Eva1u23.Study24.ConduDETAILEDFEAS8.Study9.Study10.Study11.Study12.Study13.Study14.EstimPRELIMINARYS1.Make2.Condu3.Deter4.Determ5.Deve16.Deve17.Estim298 CostYear($1,000)1 2 3 4ESIGN(D)(Cont.)ATANASITE).ndheight.50* * *406** *ks.498** *rsionandcare.393* * *size,typeandlocation.200* * *keandconduit.720* * *dprojectcost.18* *udies.250* * *sionsystemstudy.36* * *ardware,andconductorstudies.55* **ontypestudies.30* *onstudies.114* *rdstudies.76**ssionfacilitiescost.18**udies.78*** *tudies.60*droutecosts.-tr._.*rvey.8*ilityanddisposalstudy.20*gcosts.8*NTCAMPFACILITIES.ements.30**and1ayouts.40**sts.10**ATIONS.nddownstreameffects.75* *studiestoconsider.4*REALESTATE(RE)MINATIONS.atefieldinvestigations.7**legaldeterminations.33*OTHERHYDRAULICCONSIDER38.Studyupstreama39.DeterminemodelACCES,SROADS.29.Conductroutest~O.Conductbridges31.EstimateselecteCONSTRUCTIONANDPERMANE35.Determinerequir36.Studylocations37.EstimatecampcoRESERVOIRCLEARING.32.Conductfieldsu33.Conductmarketab34.EstimateclearinINVESTIGATIONSANDDETER1.Conductrealest2.MakerealestateoDETAILEDDAMANALYSIS(W15.Studydamtypea16.Studyspillways.17.Studyoutletwor18.Studywaterdive19.Studypowerhouse20.Studypowerinta21.EstimateselecteTRANSMISSIONFACILITIES.22.Conductroutest23.Conducttransmis24.Conducttower,h25.Conductfoundati26.Conductsubstati27.Conductswitchya28.Estimatetransmi299 CostYear($1,000)1 23 4REALESTATE(RE)(Cont.)RIGHTSOFENTP.Y.3.Obtainrightsofentryforsurveyandexplorationatdamsites.2*4.Obtainrightsofentryforsurveyandexplorationalongaccessroad.6*5.Obtainrightsofentryforsurveyandexplorationalongtransmissioncorridor.11*CULTURALRESOURCES* * *100ARCHEOLOGICAL1.Conductanarcheologicalreconnaissance.------.....:-:::.-=----I-I--+____/_HISTORICAL2.Locate,map,anddescribeallsignificanthistoricpropertieswithinareasofprojectimpact.1:..:;0:___1_*--1-*+-*+-1-FIELDCAMP(FC)FIELDCAr~p1.Design,construct,andoperatefieldcamp.~1~,~50~0:___+*--l-*1-*+*-+*125AIRFIELD2.Designandconstructairstrip.-----------.:..:::.:.:.---+-1-+-+-+BIOLOGICALSTUDIES(B)VEGETATIVECOVER.1.Obtainnecessaryaircraft/satelliteimageryandutilizemanualinterpretivetechniquesandautomaticdataprocessingtechniquestotypevegetationwithinareasofprojectimpact.~15~8~_I_*__I_*+-+-1STUDIESOFAQUATICANIMALANDPLANTLIFE.2.Identifyanddetermineprojectimpactsonsignificantinvertebratespecies.~1~2~7_1-*+__*t-4--1ANADROMOUSFISHERYSTUDIES.3.Determinerelativeabundance,distribution,migra-tionalcharacteristics,andhabitatrequirementsofanadromousfishwithinimpactedareas,andlocateanddefinetheseasonalfreshwaterhabitatrequire-mentsimportanttothesuccessfulmigration,spawn-ing,incubation,andrearingofthesespecies.~1~,0~6~1-_+_+--*~*_+_*~4.Determineprojecteffectsonanadromousfish.83*300 CostYear($1,000)12 34BIOLOGICALSTUDIES(B)(Cont.)UDIES.erelativeabundance,distribution,andhabitatentsofresidentfishwithinimpactedareas,tehabitatcriticaltosuccessfulspawningandofthesespecies.778** *eprojecteffectsonresidentfish.83*S.andassesseffectsofalteredoutflowoftnaRiverupontheestuarineareainupperetestuary.232* *andmapmoosehabitatwithinimpactedocatecriticalhabitat,determinehabitatnandcarryingcapacity,andidentifywaternsassociatedwithmoosehabitat.400** *moosesubpopulationsanddeterminethedistribution,movementpatterns,sizedofthosesubpopulationswithinareasctimpact,anddeterminethetimingandfsubpopulationdependencyonimpacted*624**eimpactofprojectuponmoose*andpopulations.42andmapcaribouhabitatassociatedwithetransmissioncorridorsandareassub-impoundmentanddeterminetheseasonalndmigrationroutesofcaribouwithontraditionalmigrationrouteswithtotheproposedimpoundmentareas.126* *~eprojectimpactsuponNelchinaherd.15*MAMMALS.Ythenumber,size,territory,andsentialactivityareasanddetermineuateprobableprojectimpactsonwolfichinhabitareasthatwillbedirectlybytheproject.76*!**MOOSESTUDIES.8.Identifyareas,1conditioconditio9.Identifyseasonalandtrenofprojedegree0habitat.10.DeterminhabitatRESIDENTFISHST5.Determinrequiremandlocarearing6.DeterminESTUARINESTUDIE7.IdentifytheSusiCookInlCARIBOUSTUDIES.11.Identifyalternatjecttorangesaemphasisrespect12.DetermincaribouSTUDIESOFOTHER13.Inventorotheresandeva1packswhimpacted301 CostYear($1,000)1 23 4BIOLOGICALSTUDIES(B)(Cont.)RMAMMALS.teblackandbrown/grizzlYbeartionsanddistributionintheprojectareaanddetermineandevaluateleprojectimpacts.49* **inethegeneralabundanceanddistributionverinesintheprojectimpactareaandineandevaluateprobableprojectimpacts.32* **inetherelativeabundanceofDallinhabitingmountainsadjacenttothetimpactareaanddelineateseasonal.Determineandevaluateprobabletimpacts.6* * *inetherelativeabundanceanddistri-offurbearer,smallgame,nongame:rdspeciesintheproposedimpoundmentanddetermineandevaluateprobabletimpacts.20* *ANDENDANGEREDSPECIES.inewhetheranyrareandendangeredspeciesnts,fish,birds,mammals,orotherwild-representintheprojectarea,andevaluatesoftheproposedactiononthesespecies.29**TOECONOMICVALUEOFFISHANDWILDLIFE.ineannualharvestratesofspecieshandwildlifeutilizedforcommercialcreationalpurposes,andestimatechangesedasaresultoftheproject.Determineanceofimpactedspeciestoregionalpopu-s.172* **fyanddisplaydamagestofishandwildlifeetarytermsanddeterminemeasuresrequireduceoroffsetdamagesortoenhanceexist-bitat.100*GYALTERNATIVES.fyanddescribeenvironmentalcomponentspactsrelatedtoeachalternativeidenti-s apossiblesolutiontoelectricalenergy50*IMPACTSOFENER21.Identiandimfiedaneeds.STUDIESOFRARE18.Determofpla1ifeaimpactSTUDIESRELATED19.Determoffisandreexpectimportlation20.IdentiinmontoredinghaSTUDIESOFOTHE14.Estimapopulaimpactprobab15.Determofwoldeterm16.Determsheepprojecrangesprojec17.Determbutionandbiareasprojec302 CostYear($1,000)1 2 3 4IEWS,ANDPUBLICPARTICIPATION(RRP)EMENT.ialpublicmeetingwithsupportingvementactivities.15*.iminaryhydrologystudiesreport.3*iminarysiteselectionreport.3*iminaryenvironmentalstudiesreport.3I'*'iminarymarketabilityanalysis.3*submitdraftplanformulationreport.6*ndpublicmeeting.15* *0109Yappendix.14*rStudiesappendix.14*Selectionappendix.14* *Formulationappendix.14*smissionFacilitiesappendix.14*ssappendix.10*dationandMaterialsappendix.14*Estateappendix.40**gnandCostEstimateappendix.20*etingAnalysisappendix.7* *ronmentalStudiesappendix.14*eationappendix.14*uralResourcesappendix.14**submitdraftprojectanalysis.50*submitsupplementalEIS.26*submitProjectFeasibilityAnalysis,21*lHJS.1Review.45*submitrevisedProjectFeasibilityort.40*submitrevisedSupplementalEIS.67*REPORTS,REVINITIALPUBLICINVOLV1.Conductinitpub1icinv01REPORTPREPARATION.8.PrepareHydr9.PreparePowe10.PrepareSite11.PreparePlan12,.PrepareTran13.PrepareAccela.PrepareFoun15.PrepareReal16.PrepareDesi17.PrepareMark18.PrepareEnvi19.PrepareRecr20.PrepareCult21.Prepareand22.Prepareand23.Prepareandr·1ainReport.PRELIMINARYSCREENING2.Prepareprel3.Prepareprel4.Prepareprel5.Prepareprel6.Prepareand7.ConductsecoFINALREPORTSANDREV24.ConductFina25.PrepareandAnalysisRep26.Prepareand303 PROGRAMNETWORK6ACTIVITYSCHEDULESOUTH:ENTRALRAILBELTAREA,ALASKARRPrBRAP"RRPIGRRPR/)//820AAP12I-------_.-89A85AAI2/-=c..'.I //Id--ii17A2~78::::.:.--___.:.---:::,-~-,~.,.2~~IiMONTHS22I20I18I16II~1/IpII138981983817816A 5AI8 "033032034029II.'--\022FM?HY23SY7KEYACTIVITYNEARCRlTlCALPATHSCRlTlCALPATH<V?RESTRAINTNODE,DENOTESSTART8FINISHOFANACTIVITYALASKADISTRICT,CORPSOFENGINEERS