HomeMy WebLinkAboutAPA4157c~~.'(~;=SportfishResearchandTechnicalServicesUnitMastey:._CQ.P.Y.ThisnotebookiscurrentthroughMay9,1988.Allquestionsregardinginformationinthisnotebookshouldbedirectedto:ChristopherEstesStatewideInstreamFlowCoordinatorAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSportfishResearchandTechnicalServicesUnit333RaspberryRoadAnchorage,Alaska99518-1599(907)267-2369
ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNARIVERAQUATICSTUDIESDIVISIONSOFSPORTANDCOMMERCIALFISHERIES1612ADFGSuHydroAPAReportDoc.SeriesNo.~6-May-88BIBLIOGRAPHYByADFGdocumentnumberandyear;withAPAdocumentnumberBarrett,B.M.1974.AnassessmentoftheanadromousfishpopulationsintheupperSusitnaRiverwatershedbetweenDevilCanyonandtheChulitnaRiver.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APAdocument#1612.ADFGRTSDoc.~Year119741a1975Barrett,B.M.1975.DecemberinvestigationsontheupperSusitnaRiverwatershedbetweenDevilCanyonandChulitnaRiver.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#1609.1609LJ21976AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame(ADF&G).1976..FishandwildliferelatedtotheDevilCanyon,WatanaReservoirHydroelectricProject.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#549.Friese,N.V.PreauthorizationassessmentofanadromousfishpopulationsoftheupperSusitnaRiverwatershedinthevicinityoftheproposedDevilCanyonHydroelectricProject.CommercialFishDivisionSectionIn:ADF&G.FishandwildlifestudiesrelatedtotheCorpofEngineersDevilCanyon,WatanaReservoirHydroelectricProject.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.549549Riis,J.C.Pre-authorizationassessmentoftheSusitnaRiverHydroelectricProjects:preliminaryinvestigationsofwaterqualityandaquaticspeciescomposition.SportFishDivisionSectionIn:ADF&G.Fishandwildlifestudies549relatedtotheCorpofHydroelectricProject.Anchorage,Alaska.EngineersDevilCanyon,WatanaReservoirAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,31977Riis,J.C.1977.PreauthorizationassessmentoftheproposedSusitnaRiverHydroelectricProjects:preliminaryinvestigationsofwaterqualityandaquaticspeciescomposition.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,SportFishDivision,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#1610.1610o
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ADFGRISDoc.No.Year15ccont.6-May-88Bernard,D.R.,G.Oliver,W.Goshert,andB.Cross.1983.ComparisonofscalepatternsfromsockeyesalmonfromdifferentstocksintheSusitnaRiverin1982.AppendixHIn:ADF&G.Adultanadromousfishstudies,1982.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2finalreport.Volume2(Section2of2:Appendices).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADoc.589{';~ADFGG-tSuHydro.~~Reportf\'iiSeries15d15e15f15g15h15i16a16b198319831983198319831983198319831983e.ResidentandjuvenileanadromousfishstudiesontheSusitnaRiverbelowDevilCanyon,1982.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2basicdatareport.Volume3(Section1of2).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument1486.1983f.ResidentandjuvenileanadromousfishstudiesontheSusitnaRiverbelowDevilCanyon,1982.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2basicdatareport.Volume3(Section2of2:Appendices).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#487.1983g.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowstudies,1982.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2basicdatareport.Volume4(Section1of3:PartsIandII).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#585.1983h.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowstudies,1982.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2basicdatareport.Volume4(Section2of3:AppendicesA-C).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#586.1983i.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowstudies,1982.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2basicdatareport.Volume4(Section3of3:AppendicesD-J).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#587.1983j.UpperSusitnaRiverimpoundmentstudies,1982.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2basicdatareport.Volume5.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#590.1983k.Synopsisofthe1982aquaticstudiesandanalysisoffishandhabitatrelationships(Section1of2).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2report.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame.Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument140.19831.Synopsisofthe1982aquaticstudiesandanalysisoffishandhabitatrelationships(Section2of2:AppendicesA-K),SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2report.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame.Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument140.-4-4864875855865875904040
]ADFGRTSDoc.No.~16bcont.6-May-88Thompson,F.M.,andB.M.Barrett.1983.AnalysisofthespeciesselectivityoffishwheelsforthecaptureofadultsalmonintheSusitnaRiver.AppendixAIn:ADF&G.Synopsisofthe1982aquaticstudiesandanalysisoffishandhabitatrelationships(Section2of2:Appendices).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2report.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.Trihey,E.W.,L.J.Vining,C.C.Estes,D.R.Seagren,andA.G.Hoffmann.1983.TimingandpassageofadultsalmoninthemainstemSusitnaRiverandaccessintoselectedsloughsupstreamoftheChulitnaRiverconfluence.AppendixBIn:ADF&G.Synopsisofthe1982aquaticstudiesandanalysisoffishandhabitatrelationships(Section2of2:Appendices).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2report.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.Salasky,S.,R.Sinnott,andA.Hoffmann.1983.QualitativeanalysisofsalmonspawninghabitatinsloughslocatedwithintheTalkeetnatoDevilCanyonreachoftheSusitnaRiver.AppendixCIn:ADF&G.Synopsisofthe1982aquaticstudiesandanalysisoffishandhabitatrelationships(Section2of2:Appendices).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2report.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.Sinnott,R.,K.Sylvester,A.Hoffmann,andC.C.Estes.1983.ModelingofhydraulicconditionsandchumsalmonspawninghabitatinselectedSusitnaRiversloughs.AppendixDIn:ADF&G.Synopsisofthe1982aquaticstudiesandanalysisoffishandhabitatrelationships(Section2of2:Appendices).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2report.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.Marshall,B.1983.EffectsofmainstemSusitnadischargeontotalwettedandbackwatersurfaceareaatselectedstudysites.AppendixEIn:ADF&G.Synopsisofthe1982aquaticstudiesandanalysisoffishandhabitatrelationships(Section2of2:Appendices).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2report.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.Hale,S.S.1983a.Influenceofhabitatparametersondistributionandrelativeabundanceofjuvenilesalmonandresidentspecies.AppendixFIn:ADF&G.Synopsisofthe1982aquaticstudiesandanalysisoffishandhabitatrelationships(Section2of2:Appendices).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.Phase2report.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.-5-)(\ADFG/ ....PJSuHydro~APAReport';OJ)Doc.Seriesrl'!!2.......---l!2..:-404040404040
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Jt)ADFGbSuHydrot1)APAReportJrDoc.Seriesf\No.~tfk~ADFG]RISDoc.No.Year1919846-May-88Barrett,B.M.,F.M.Thompson,andS.N.Wick.1984.Adultanadromousfishinvestigations:May-October1983.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.1.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#1450.14501JO.t...,"201984Schmidt,D.C.,S.S.Hale,D.L.Crawford,andP.Suchanek,editors.1984.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1983).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.2.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument11784.Roth,K.J.,D.C.Gray,andD.C.Schmidt.1984.Theoutmigrationofjuvenilesalmon fromtheSusitnaRiverabovetheChulitnaRiverconfluence.Part1In:D.C.Schmidt,S.S.Hale,D,L.Crawford,andP.M.Suchanek,editors.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1983).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.2.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.Dugan,L.J.,D.A.Sterritt,andM.E.Stratton.1984.ThedistributionandrelativeabundanceofjuvenilesalmonintheSusitnaRiverdrainageabovetheChulitnaRiverconfluence.Part2In:D.C.Schmidt,S.S.Hale,D.L.Crawford,andP.M.Suchanek,editors.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1983).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.2.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.1784178417842Suchanek,P.M.,R.P.Marshall,S.S.Hale,andD.C.Schmidt.1984.1784Juvenilesalmonrearingsuitabilitycriteria.Part3In:D.C.Schmidt,S.S.Hale,D.L.Crawford,andP.M.Suchanek,editors.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1983).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.2.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.]Marshall,R.P.,P.M.Suchanek,andD.C.Schmidt.1984.Juvenilesalmonrearinghabitatmodels.Part4In:D.C.Schmidt,S.S.Hale,D.L.Crawford,andP.M.Suchanek,editors.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1983).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.2.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.-7-1784
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ADFG~]RTSDoc.No.Year21d19846-May-88Sandone,G.,andT.Quane.1984.Waterqualityinvestigations.Chapter4In:C.C.Estes,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowinvestigations,May-October1983.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.3(Volume4).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame.Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument11933.I'C'?~ADFGlAo-r~SuHydroI"APAReportDoc.Series193321e2lf21g21h2li19841984198419841984Vincent-Lang,D.S.,andI.Queral.1984.EulachonspawninginthelowerSusitnaRiver.Chapter5In:C.C.Estes,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowinvestigations,May-October1983.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.3(Volume5).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument11934.Sautner,J,L.J.Vining,andL.A.Rundquist.1984.AnevaluationofpassageconditionsforadultsalmoninsloughsandsidechannelsofthemiddleSusitnaRiver.Chapter6In:C.C.Estes,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowinvestigations,May-October1983.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.3(Volume6).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#1935.Vincent-Lang,D.S.,A.G.Hoffmann,A.E.Bingham,C.C.Estes,D.Hillard,C.Steward,E.W.Trihey,andS.C.Crumley.1984.AnevaluationofchumandsockeyesalmonspawninghabitatinsloughsandsidechannelsofthemiddleSusitnaRiver.Chapter7in:C.C.Estes,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowinvestigations,May-October1983.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.3(Volume7).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#1936.Sandone,G.,D.S.Vincent-Lang,andA.Hoffmann.1984.EvaluationofchumsalmonspawninghabitatinselectedtributarymouthhabitatsonthemiddleSusitnaRiver.Chapter8in:C.C.Estes,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowinvestigations,May-October1983.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.3(Volume8).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#1937.Vincent-Lang,D.S.,A.Hoffmann,A.E.Bingham,andC.C.Estes.1984.Habitatsuitabilitycriteriaforchinook,coho,andpinksalmonspawningintributariesofthemiddleSusitnaRiver.Chapter9in:C.C.Estes,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowinvestigations,May-October1983.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.3(Volume9).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument11938.-9-19341935193619371938
J:--.~/YADFGCOSuHydro~~Report,~SeriesJoDoc.1939APA6-May-88Sandone,G.,andC.C.Estes.1984.Evaluationsoftheeffectivenessofapplyinginfraredthermalimagerytechniquestodetectupwellinggroundwater.Chapter10In:C.C.Estes,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowinvestigations,May-October1983.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.3(Volume10).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument11939.ADFGRISDoc.!!£:..-Year21j1984221984Schmidt,D.C.,C.C.Estes,D.L.Crawford,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.1984.Accessandtransmissioncorridoraquaticinvestigations(May-October1983).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.4.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument12049.20494Sautner,J.S.,andM.E.Stratton.1984.Accessandtransmissioncorridorstudies.Part1In:D.C.Schmidt,C.C.Estes,D.L.Crawford,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Accessandtransmissioncorridoraquaticinvestigations(July-October1983).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.4.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.2049Schmidt,D.C.,andM.E.Stratton.1984.PopulationdynamicsofArcticgraylingintheupperSusitnaBasin.Part2In:D.C.Schmidt,C.C.Estes,D.L.Crawford,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Accessandtransmissioncorridor2049aquaticinvestigations(July-October1983).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.4.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.231985AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame(ADF&G).1985a.Adultanadromousstudiesproceduresmanual(June1984-June1985).Draft.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.(UnpublishedReport).APADocument12748.2748241985AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame(ADF&G).1985b.Residentandjuvenileanadromousstudiesproceduresmanual(May1984-April1985).Draft.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.(UnpublishedReport).APADocument13014.301424a1985AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame(ADF&G).1985c.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowstudiesproceduresmanual(May1984-April1985).Draft.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.(UnpublishedReport).APADocument13503.3503]-10-
]ADFGRTSDoc.fu!...-Year6-May-88r;,AEGU~;flSuHydroAPAReportDoc.Seriesfu!...-~25261985Kek1ak,T.,andT.Quane.1985a.Continuouswatertemperatureinvestigations.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.Task32SupportTechnicalReport.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument13508.1985Estes,C.C.,J.Sautner,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.1985.Winteraquaticinvestigations,September1983-May1984(2Volumes).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.5.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocIs2658and2659.35082658&2659526a1985Vining,L.J.,J.S.Blakely,andG.M.Freeman.1985.Anevaluationoftheincubationlife-phaseofchumsalmoninthemiddleSusitnaRiver,Alaska.Volume1In:C.C.Estes,J.Sautner,andD.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Winteraquaticinvestigations(September1983-May1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.5.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument12658.265826b2728291985Keklak,T.,andT.Quane.1985b.AppendixF:Wintertemperaturedata.Volume2In:C.C.Estes,J.Sautner,D.S.Vincent-Lang,editors.Winteraquaticinvestigations(September1983-May1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.5.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument12659.1985Quane,T.,P.Morrow,andI.Queral.1985a.HydrologicalinvestigationsatselectedlowerSusitnaRiverstudysites.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.Task36SupportTechnicalReport.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument12704.1985Quane,T.,P.Morrow,andI.Queral.1985b.HydrologicalinvestigationsatselectedlowerSusitnaRiverstudysites.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.Task14SupportTechnicalReport.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument12736.1985Barrett,B.M.,F.M.Thompson,andS.N.Wicks.1985.Adultsalmoninvestigations:May-October1984.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.6.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#2748.26592704273627486]30a-b1985Schmidt,D.C.,S.S.Hale,andD.L.Crawford,editors.1985.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.7.(2Volumes:Parts1-2andPart3).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocumentIs2836and2837.-11-2836and2837
ADFGRTSDoc.~Year30a19856-May-88Roth,K.J.,andM.E.Stratton.1985.ThemigrationandgrowthofjuvenilesalmonintheSusitnaRiver.Part1In:D.C.Schmidt,S.S.Hale,andD.L.Crawford,editors.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.7(Volume1).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#2836.(u¢::~ADFG~~SuHydroAPAReport']Doc.SeriesNo.~2836730a30a30a30b1985198519851985Hale,S.S.1985.Timeseriesanalysisofdischarge,turbidity,andjuvenilesalmonoutmigrationintheSusitnaRiver,Alaska.AppendixCofPart1In:D.C.Schmidt,S.S.Hale,andD.L.Crawford,editors.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.7(Volume1).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#2836.Suchanek,P.M.,K.J.Kuntz,andJ.P.McDonell.1985.Therelativeabundance,distribution,andinstreamflowrelationshipsofjuvenilesalmoninthelowerSusitnaRiver.Part2In:D.C.Schmidt,S.S.Hale,andD.L.Crawford,editors.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.7(Volume1).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#2836.Anderson,J.,J.Bigler,andA.G.Hoffmann.1985.HydraulicmodelsforuseinassessingtherearinghabitatofjuvenilesalmoninsixsidechannelsofthelowerSusitnaRiver.AppendixDofPart2In:D.C.Schmidt,S.S.Hale,andD.L.Crawford,editors.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.7(Volume1).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#2836.Sundet,R.L.,andS.D.Pechek.1985.ResidentfishdistributionandlifehistoryintheSusitnaRiverbelowDevilCanyon.Part3In:D.C.Schmidt,S.S.Hale,andD.L.Crawford,editors.Residentandjuvenileanadromousfishinvestigations(May-October1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.7(Volume2).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#2837.2836283628362837.'•..~~).tJ311985Hansen,T.F.,andJ.C.Richards.1985.AvailabilityofinvertebratefoodsourcesforrearingjuvenilechinooksalmoninturbidSusitnaRiverhabitats.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.8.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame.Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument#2846.-12-28468]
9t(~tD~ADFGJ1'J.--SuHydrofI\rrReportSeriesAPADoc.27496-May-88Hoffmann,A.G.1985.SummaryofsalmonfisherydataforselectedmiddleSusitnaRiversites(1981-1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.9.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument2749.ADFG"1RTSDoc.No.Year/321985331985Blakely,J.S.,J.S.Sautner,L.A.Rundquist,andN.E.Bradley.1985.Salmonpassagevalidationstudies(August-October1984).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.AddendumtoReportNo.3,Chapter6.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument12854.2854341985Keklak,T.,andT.Withrow.1985.Continuouswatertemperatureinvestigations.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.Task29and37SupportTechnicalReport.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument12867.2867351985Seagren,D.R.,andR.G.Wilkey.1985a.PreliminaryevaluationsofpotentialfishmitigationsitesinthemiddleSusitnaRiver.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.10.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument2908.290810361985Seagren,D.R.,andR.G.Wilkey.1985b.SummaryofwatertemperatureandsubstratedatafromselectedsalmonspawningandgroundwaterupwellingsitesinthemiddleSusitnaRiver.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.TechnicalDataReportNo.12.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument12913.291312371985Bigler,J.,K.Levesque.1985.LowerSusitnaRiverpreliminarychumsalmonspawninghabitatassessment.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.Drafttechnicalmemorandum.AlaskaDepartmantofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument13504.350437a1985AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame(ADF&G).1985.FY87PlanofStudy.Proposalwithrecommendationsforspring1986.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument13507.350737b1985AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame(ADF&G).1985.AnoverviewoftheSusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram:Itshistoryandfuturedirection.SusitnaAquaticStudiesstaff.DivisionofCommercialFisheries.RegionII.Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument13502.3502J381986AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame(ADF&G).1986.Winterstudiesofresidentandjuvenileanadromousfish(October1984-May1985)[2Volumes:Parts1(Sundet1986)and2(Stratton1986)].SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.11.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocumentIs3062and3063.3062&306311-13-
ADFGRTSDoc.~Year38a19866-May-88Sundet,R.L.1986.WinterresidentfishdistributionandhabitatstudiesconductedintheSusitnaRiverbelowDevilCanyon,1984-85.Part1of:ADF&G.Winterstudiesofresidentandjuvenileanadromousfish(October1984-May1985).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.11(Volume1).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument13062.SuHydroAPAReportDoc.SeriesNo.~306238b1986Stratton,M.E.1986.SummaryofjuvenilechinookandcohosalmonwinterstudiesinthemiddleSusitnaRiver,1984-85.Part2of:ADF&G.Winterstudiesofresidentandjuvenileanadromousfish(October1984-May1985).SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.11(Volume2).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument13063.3063391986Thompson,F.M.,S.N.Wick,andB.L.Stratton.1986.Adultsalmoninvestigations:May-October1985.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.13(Part1of2).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument13412.341213391986Hoffmann,A.G.,andD.L.Crawford.1986.SusitnaRiverdrainagesalmonescapementdatasummary,1951-1984.Appendix1Of:F.M.Thompson,S.N.Wick,andB.L.Stratton.1986.Adultsalmoninvestigations:May-October1985.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.13(Part2of2:Appendices).AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.341213~=.i~40411986Roth,K.J.,D.C.Gray,J.W.Anderson,A.C.Blaney,andJ.P.McDonell.1986.ThemigrationandgrowthofjuvenilesalmonintheSusitnaRiver,1985.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.ReportNo.14.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska.APADocument13413.1986Cannon,R.1986.SusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesReview:FindingsandrecommendationsoftheSusitnaprogramreviewteam.DivisionofCommercialFisheries.SusitnaAquaticStudiesProgram.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame.Anchorage,Alaska.APADocumentI3501.ThisbibliographyisstoredoncomputerdiskwiththeMicrosoftWordfilenameSUBIBALT.DOCat:AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSportFishlResearchandTechnicalServices333RaspberryRoadAnchorage,Alaska99518-14-3413350114]
,*(5U-hsd-")--:£5185'-9~b'5TITLESINTHISSERIES-ADrfG-.rSuHydro;CSeriesReportAPARTSPublicationNumberReeortNo.NumberTitleDate1145019AdultAnadromousFishInvestigations:Apr1984May-October19832178420ResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFishJul1984Investigations:May-October198331930-193921a-jAquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowSep1984Investigations:May-October19834204922AccessandTransmissionCorridorAquaticSep1984Investigations:May-October198352658,265926a,bWinterAquaticInvestigations:Mar1985September1983toMay19846274829AdultSalmonInvestigations:Jun1985May-October198472836,283730a,bResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFishJul1985Investigations:May-October1984rb8284631AvailabilityofInvertebrateFoodSourcesJul1985forRearingJuvenileChinookSalmon'''''!~------..-.inTurbidSusitnaRiverHabitats9274932SummaryofSalmonFisheryDataforAug1985SelectedMiddleSusitnaRiverSites10290835PreliminaryEvaluationsofPotentialNov1985FishMitigationSitesintheMiddleSusitnaRiver113062,306338a,bWinterStudiesofResidentandJuvenileDec1985AnadromousFish:October1984-May198512291336SummaryofWaterTemperatureandSubstrateDec1985DatafromSelectedSalmonSpawningandGroundwaterUpwellingSitesintheMiddleSusitnaRiver1314341234133940AdultSalmonInvestigations:May-October1985TheMigrationandGrowthofJuvenileSalmonintheSusitnaRiver,19851986Jun1986~~~*Publicationsthatweretechnicalmemorandums.addendums.orproceduresmanualsduringthistimeperiodwerenotusuallyincludedinthisseries.880315
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ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
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SUSITNA AQUATIC STUDIES tte I 4D53 "
DIVISIONS OF SPORT AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES PUBLICATIONS
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
RTS No.
1 Barrett, 8.M. 1974. An assessment of the anadromous fish popu1ations in
the upper Sus i tna River watershed between Devil Canyon and the
Chulitna River. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #1612.
Fishwheels operating in the lower portion of the middle Susitna
River (RM 101.7 and RM 104.0) provided migrational timing,
age-length-sex composition and abundances levels by salmon species.
Chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and pi nk (Q. gorbuscha) salmon domina ted
the catches. The major pink salmon migration occurred during the
last week of July and the first week of August, and correspondingly
for chum salmon in the second and third weeks of August. Three-and
four-year old fish comprised 81.6 percent of the chum salmon catch.
Coho salmon were abundant in the river from mid-August to
mid-September. Age samples indicated that coho escapement was
predominantly four-year old fish.
Twenty-one sloughs were identified on the Susitna River between the
Chul itna River confl uence and Devi 1 Canyon and surveyed for the
first time: rearing coho (0. kisutch) fry were observed in twelve
of these, and spawning chum-salmon in nine of the sloughs. In four
of the sloughs, sockeye (0. nerka) salmon co-spawned with chum
salmon. ------
Pink salmon spawned in Indiar River, Fourth
and Gold creeks; chum salmon also spawned in
exceptions of Lane and Gold creeks.
of July, Lane, Portage,
these streams, with the
Pink salmon spawned primarily during the first three weeks of
August. The major period of chum spawning occurred in the streams
from mid-August to mid-September, and in the sloughs during the
first three weeks of September.
Spawning coho salmon were recorded in
. Portage, Whiskers, and Chase creeks.
Indian River, Fourth of July,
An estimated 24;286 chum, 5,252 pink, and 1,008 sockeye salmon
migrated at the fishwheel station as determined from the tag and
recovery program. The coho salmon population was estimated to range
from 4,000 to 9,000 individuals. Tag returns from chum, pink, and
sockeye salmon spawning below the fishwheel station suggest that a
significant but unknown proportion of the salmon captured in the
fishwheels were milling fish and not migrating to spawning grounds
above the tagging station.
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AJaskaResources
Library & Information SerVice
lU1c~JraJe.l laska
880509 ".
RTS No.
1 A minimum of 1,036 pink, 2,753 chu~~~30j coho, an~~104 sockeye
Cant. salmon spawned in the streams and sloughs of the SUSitna River
between the Chulitna River tributary and Portage Creek as determined
from peak slough and stream index escapement counts.
·'r, ... . .
Twelve of the sloughs surveyed were bc?irren of spawning salmon.
Although Slough 10 is included in these, it contained a relatively
abundant population of rearing coho fry, during the month of August.
Springs are prevalent in this slough, and the surface stratum is
composed of approximately 95 percent sandy silt and 5 percent
cobbles and boulders. The author suggests that the slough has the
potential to support a spawning population of chum salmon, and it
would be feasible to weir a portion of the slough and force spawn a
donor stock of chum salmon above the structure.
The water levels in the sloughs are maintained in part by the
Susitna River. Stream surveyors noted less rearing in the sloughs
during low water periods, but significantly higher densities of fry
milling in the confluences of the sloughs with the river. Physical
access into the sloughs for the escapement was consi dered optimum
during the period of August 28 to September 7, which coincided with
a flood period on the Susitna River. Reduction in the water flow of
~Ithe Susitna River in the last two weeks of September resulted in
1ess than adeauate access i bil ity for the salmon into the upper
spawning pools of Slough 21.
Significant gravel displacement occurred in the streams during the
late August-early September flood. A portion of the pink salmon
spawn may have been destroyed as a consequence.
1a Barrett, B.M. 1975. December investigations on the upper Susitna River
watershed between Devil Canyon and Chulitna River. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #1609.
These investigations were intended to provide "information on fry
distribution and abundance and winter conditions in the sloughs and
in (the mainstem of) the Susitna River." Data collection field
trips were conducted in December 1974, January 1975, and February
1975 that encompassed four, five, and seven days, respectively.
Age and length data is reported for coho Oncorhynchus kisutch fry.
With the exception of one rainbow trout, Salmo ga;rdner;, no other
fry were reported as being caught. -----
Dissolved oxygen, pH, relative water height, ice thickness and
cover, snow depth, air and water temperature. and flow data were
collected at Sloughs 8, 8A, 9, 9A t 11. 12, 13, 14, 15, Indian River,
Lane Creek, Gold Creek, and at -three mainstem Susitna River sites
(at Gold Creek, Chase, and at the Anchorage-Fairbanks Highway).
Settleable, non-filterable, and total suspended solids were reported
for the mainstem sites. Flow data is limited to present or not,
except for one measured flow at Lane Creek (7.21 CFSon 12/6/74).
ARLIS
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The report is divided into three sections, by sample trip. Each
'" trip report includes methods or procedures, discussion. results, and
recommendations. The recommendations are limited to suggestions
about further sampling.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1976. Fish and Wildlife
studies related to the Corp of Engineers Devil Canyon, Watana
Reservoir Hydroelectric Project. Alaska Department of Fish and
Game. Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #549.
Friese. N.V. 1975. Preauthorization assessment of anadromous fish
populations of the upper Susitna River watershed in the
vicinity of the proposed Devil Canyon Hydroelectric Project.
Commercial Fisheries Division Section in: ADF&G. Fish and
wildlife studies related to the Corp of Engineers Devil Canyon,
Watana Reservoir Hydroelectric Project. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game. Anchorage. Alaska.
Gross indications of migrational timing, abundance by species
and age-length-sex data was obtained from fishwheel operation
in the lower study area. The total catch of salmon during the
1975 season was less than 1974. Chum (Oncorhynchus ketal and
pink (0. gorbuscha) salmon dominated the fishwheel catches.
Populatlon estimates were determined by the Petersen mark and
recapture method. The population estimates for 1974 and 1975
were:
1974 1975
Chum 24,386 ± 2,602 11 ,850 ± 4,044
Pink 5.252 ± 998 6,257 ± 261
Sockeye 1,00S" ± 224 1,835 ± 337
Comparative data is not available for chinook (0. tshawytscha)
and coho (0. kisutch) salmon. Tag recoveries from chum. pink,
sockeye, (0. nerka) and coho salmon below the fishwheel sites
indicate a-signfficant, but unknown, proportion of the salmon
captured were possibly milling and not migrating to spawning
grounds above the tagging project.
Twenty-one sloughs were identified and surveyed on the Susitna
River during 1974. An additional seven sloughs were identified
during winter and summer 1975. Rearing fry were observed in 22
of the slough areas. Adult salmon were found spawning in eight
of the sloughs. Adu 1t sockeye sa lmon were observed in fou r
sloughs and adult chum salmon were observed in six slough
areas. Pink. king, and cabo salmon were found exclusively in
clearwater tributaries. Chum salmon were observed spawning in
Lane Creek and Indian River, and sockeye spawned in Fourth of
July Creek, McKenzie Creek. and Indian River. clearwater
tributaries of the Susitna River.
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880509
RTS No.
Cont.
A mlnlmum of 575 pink. 568 chum, 242 sockeye, and 62 king
salmon spawned in the streams and sloughs of the Susitna River
between the confluence of the Chulitna River and Portage Creek
as determined from peak slough and stream index escapement
counts.
Thirteen sloughs and two clearwater streams were identified and
surveyed on the Talkeetna River between its confluence with the
Susitna River and Clear Creek in 1975. Coho fry were rearing
in eight sloughs and one clearwater stream. Rearing chum
salmon fry were observed in three sloughs in June. Chum salmon
were the only salmon species observed spawning in the slough
areas of the Talkeetna River. Pink salmon were. however,
observed in C1 ear Creek by the escapement survey crew. The
presence of spawning sockeye, coho, and pink salmon was
confirmed by sport fishermen's tag returns in Chunilna Creek,
Clear Creek. and Stephan lake.
Winter surveys of the slough and mainstem Susitna River
established the presence of rearing coho (0. kisutch) fry in
both areas. Suspended solid levels of the mainstem river were
extremely low during fall and winter months resulting in clear
water conditions. The combination of partial slough dewatering
and clear water conditions were contributing factors of fry
emigration into the mainstem river for rearing.
Artificial substrate sampling and fry foregut analysis was
conducted to determine species composition of invertebrates
within the study area and the importance of benthic
invertebrates as food items to rearing fry. Insects comprised
100 percent of the benthi c organi sms found in the substrate
samples. The number of species of benthic organisms identified
was extremely low. The contributing factors are the time of
year they were installed and the length of time they remained
in the sampling locations. The Plecoptera (stonefiles) and
Diptera ("no-see-umsll) represented the dominant orders.
Simuliidae (black flies), Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Tricoptera
(caddis flies) were also present.
Riis, J.C. 1976. Preauthorization assessment of the Susitna River
Hydroelectric Projects: preliminary investigations of water
quality and aquatic species composition. Sport Fish Division
Section in: ADF&G. Fish and wildlife studies related to the
Corp of Engineers Devil Canyon. Watana Reservoir Hydroelectric
Project. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska.
Biological investigations of the Susitna River and selected
tributaries were conducted from February 10. 1975 to
September 30, 1975 to obtain baseline data regarding indigenous
fish populations, available aquatic habitat, and water quality
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880509
RTS No.
2 which will aid in the definition of biological areas of concern
Cont. requiring additional study prior to authorization of
hydroelectric development.
There is evidence that resident and rearing anadromous fish
migrate out of the tributaries and into the mainstem in the
fall and return to the tributaries in the spring. Coho
(Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook (Q. tshawytscha), chum (0.
ketal, grayling (Thrmallus arcticus, sculpinlCottus cognatus),
burbot (Lota lota , whitefish (Coregonus sp.), and sucker
(Catostomus catostomus) were found overwintering in the
mainstem Susitna River.
Five Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) ranging from 85 mm to 142
mm were trapped in early Ap~i n Wi 11 ow Creek, and four
chinook fry were trapped in Montana Creek. Minnow traps
generally were not effective as under-ice sampling gear in
tributaries because water depths were too shallow.
E1ectroshockers were the most effective sampling gear. During
the summer salmon fry, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and
grayling were scarce in the turbid mainstem Susitna River
whereas whitefish, sculpin, and suckers were commonly captured.
Occurring in most of the clearwater tributaries, Arctic
grayling are the most common recreational1y important resident
fish species. Aquatic insects collected in both the mainstem
and tributaries are typical of clear cold water streams in
Alaska.
Water samples were collected on a bi-weekly basis at bridge
crossings of each major east side tributary. Parameters
measured included temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity,
total alkalinity, total hardness, and dissolved oxygen.
Temperatures were also monitored using a Ryan thermograph in
the Susitna River, Birch Creek, and Willow Creek. Similar
trends in water temperature fluctuations were noted for the
mainstem and tributaries with the excepti'on of Birch Creek
which is the outlet for Fish Lake. Temperatures there were
considerably warmer and flows did not fluctuate as much as in
other tributaries.
Specific conductance in the mainstem in substantially higher
than in the tributaries. There was no consistent trend in
turbidity among the tributaries. Fluctuations appear to be
linked to precipitation.
Riis, J.C. 1977. Preauthorization assessment of the proposed Susitna
River Hydroelectric Projects: preliminary investigations of water
quality and aquatic species composition. Alaska Department of Fish
and Game, Sport Fish Division, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#1610.
-5
3
880509 ~.
RTS No.
3 Biological, water quality, and water quantity investigations were
Cont. conducted from July 1, 1976 through September 30, 1976 to obtain
baseline data on indigenous fish populations and the existing
aquatic habitat as part of an ongoing environmental study to assess
the potent ia1 impac ts of the proposed Wa tana (Dev i1 Canyon
hydroelectric project upon the aquatic ecosystem of the Susitna
River drainage.
Long term ecological changes to this drainage may be significant.
The level and flow patterns of the Susitna River will be altered and
will affect the fish and wildlife resources.
Between May 12 and June 12,1976, mainstem Susitna River discharge
ranged from 11,900 cfs to 33,3000 cfs. Stage fluctuations within
clearwater sloughs were directly related to mainstem discharge.
Nine of the 12 sloughs monitored were isolated pools or completely
dry when mainstem flows were 7,000 cfs, the proposed post-project
flow.
Baseline water temperature data was collected with thermographs at
the Parks Highway Bridge, upstream of Chase Creek, and between Devil
Canyon and Portage Creek. Temperature trends were similar at the
three sites. Water temperature was measured with a pocket
thermometer at other study sites. Slough temperatures were
generally more stable than those of the mainstem.
Total suspended solid levels and turbidity were directly related to
Susitna River discharge. Oxygen concentrations were close to
saturation throughout the study. The range of pH measured at each
station remained relatively stable over the study period.
Seven artificial substrate baskets were installed in the mainstem
Susitna River to collect baseline data on benthic invertebrates
present. A total of 118 specimens from two baskets were collected
and identified. Of these, 63 percent were classified as ~sensitive~
to changes in water quality.
Aerial and ground escapement surveys were conducted to estimate the
relative abundance of fish. Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
escapement was estimated to be 50,499. Other species of salmon were
observed, but their numbers were not estimated.
4 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1978. Preliminary
environmental assessment of hydroelectric development on the Susitna
River. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA
Document #75.
~,Riis, J.C. and N.V. Friese. 1978. Fisheries and habitat
investigations of the Susitna River: a preliminary study of
potential impacts of the Devil Canyon and Watana Hydroelectric
Projects. Section I in: ADF&G. Preliminary environmental
assessment of hydroelectric development on the Susitna River.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage. Alaska.
-6
/'
RTS No.
4
Cont.
880509
Biological and water quality and quantity investigations were
conducted from May 1. 1977 through March 7. 1978 to obtain
baseline data on indigenous fish populations and the existing
aquatic habitat of the Susitna River drainage.
The relative abundance, distribution. and migrational timing of
adult salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) were determi ned withi n the
Susitna River drainage through tag and recovery programs during
1977. The salmon escapement from June 29 through August 14 was
estimated to be approximately 237,000 sockeye (0. nerka),
50,000 coho (0. kisutch), and 105,000 chum (0. kefa) salmon.
An escapement estimate in excess of 100,000 fish was determined
for chinook salmon (Q. tshawytscha) through aerial surveys.
Population estimates of pink (0. ~orbuscha) salmon uti 1 izing
the drainage in the area of tlie usitna and Chulitna river
confluences were determined as a part of this study.
Documentation of the outmigration of salmon fry from tributary
rearing areas into the mainstem Susitna River was accomplished
by intensive investigation of two clearwater tributaries. The
objective of these studies was to determine utilization of the
mainstem river for rearing during winter months. A total of
25,176 chinook salmon fry were marked in Montana Creek between
July 19 and August 4. A gradual downstream movement of fry was
noted from the latter part of August to February. A drastic
reduction in population density was found in February and was
attributed to lower flows which prevailed at the time. Chinook
fry were documented overwintering in the Susitna River. No
distinct movement of fry was observed in Rabideux Creek.
The relative abundance, distribution, age, length, and weight
characteristics, and feeding habits of juvenile salmonids were
monitored in sloughs and tributaries of the Susitna River from
Portage Creek downstream to the Chulitna River confluence from
July 1 through October 5, 1977. The predominant rearing
species were chinook and coho salmon. Water quality and
quantity determinations were made in conjunction with all
juvenile salmon surveys.
The Susitna River was floated from its intersection with the
Denali Highway to Devil Canyon during the first two weeks of
July to inventory fish species present and survey the aquatic
habitat in the areas to be inundated. Arctic grayling
(Thymallus arcticus) were abundant in all of the clearwater
tributaries within the proposed impoundment area. The
headwaters of these tributaries and upland lakes were also
surveyed by separate crews. It is apparent that the Watana
reservoir, which is projected to have substantial seasonal
fluctuations, will alter the fisheries habitat .
.. 7·,
880509
RTS No.
4 Measurements of hydrological and limnological parameters
Cont. associated with the Susitna River and selected tributaries and
sloughs were obtained between the Denali Highway and Montana
Creek. A' cooperative agreement between the United States
Geological Survey (USGS) and the ADF&G was initiated to
determine discharge, sediment loads, and standard water quality
analysis of the mainstem Susitna River.
Long term ecological changes to the drainage may be significant
due to dam construction. The level and flow patterns of the
Susitna River will be altered and will affect the fisheries
resources.
The effects of impoundment and construction activities which
alter natural flow regimes, water chemistry, mass transport of
materials, and quantity of wetted habitat areas are of primary
concern. These changes may disrupt the trophic structure and
habitat composition and reduce or eliminate terrestrial and
aquatic populations. These populations and vegetation in and
around the free-flowing rivers have evolved to their current
levels due to natural flow variations. Some species may be
present only because this particular hydrologic regime exists.
5 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1979. Fish and wildlife
studies proposed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
Preliminary final plan of study. Alaska Department of Fish and
Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #3281.
Alaska Department of Fi sh and Game proposed a five-year study
program to assess the potential impacts of hydroelectric
development on the Susitna River. Phase I study proposals were ~
designed to provide baseline information for accomplishing
this. Six general objectives were outlined:
1) Determine the relative abundance and distribution of adult
anadromous fish populations within the drainage.
2) Determine the distribution and abundance of selected
resident and juvenile anadromous fish populations.
3) Determine the spatial and seasonal habitat requirements of
~,anadromous and resident fish species Quring each stage of
their life histories.
4) Determine the economic, recreational, social, and
aesthetic values of the existing resident and anadromous
fish stocks and habitat.
5) Determine the impact the Devil Canyon project on the
aquatic ecosystems and any required mitigation prior to
construction approval decision.
-8
·. 880509
5
Cont,
6a
6b
7
6) Determine a long term study plan, if the project is
authorized, to monitor the impacts during and after project
completion.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Aquatic Studies
Procedures Manual (1980-1981). (Volume 1 of 2). Susitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies. Phase 1. Subtask 7.10. Alaska Department of Fish
and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document # ?
Technical procedures and data procedures used during Phase I of the
Susitna Hydroelectric Aquatic StUdies Program are detailed.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Aquatic Studies
Procedures Manual (1980-1981). (Volume 2 of 2: Appendices).
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 1. Subtask 7.10. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document # ?
Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Adult anadromous
fisheries project (June-September 1981). Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studies. Phase 1 final draft report. Subtask 7.10. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #324.
Salmon escapement was monitored at four stations on the Susitna
River between Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon and one station on the
Yentna River. These stations were operational from late June to
mid-September 1981. Methods used included side scan sonar counters
and fishwheels. Chinook (Oncorhvnchus tshawytscha) salmon
escapement surveys were conducted in 1ate July and early August on
tributary streams. A radio telemetry tagging program monitored the
migrational movements of adult chinook, chum (0. ketal, and coho (0.
kisutch) salmon between late June and early September. The Susitna
River mainstem was surveyed for spawning activity by three crews
from late July through September using primarily drift gill nets,
electroshocking equipment, and egg deposition pumps. Set netting
was effected at river mile (RM) 150 in the Susitna River mainstem
immediately below Devil Canyon (RM 151) from late July to
mid-September. Susitna River tributary streams and sloughs between
the Talkeetna River confluence (RM 99) and Devil Canyon were
surveyed on foot for spawning salmon from late July through
September.
Fishwheel catch and sonar enumeration data indicate the chinook
salmon migration was underway before the fishwheels and sonar
counters were placed. Peak migration timing was determined at
Sunshine (RM 80), Talkeetna (RM 103), and Curry (RM 120) stations.
Commencement of migration was recorded only at Curry Station. A
correlation may exist between river discharge and upstream
migration. The 1981 Susitna River chinook salmon escapement was
dominated by four year old fish. Length measurements segregated by
age and sex i ndi ca te that chi nool< salmon at Ta 1keetna and Curry
stations were significantly larger than those intercepted at
Sunshine Station. Early smolting is a possible cause based on a
-9
880509
RTS No.
7 higher percentage of Talkeetna and Curry station fish having spent
Cont. less than one winter in freshwater before smolting. Radio telemetry
investigations indicate that the confluence of the Talkeetna,
Chulitna, and Susitna rivers (RM 99) is a probable chinook salmon
milling area and also that some upper Susitna River chinook salmon
stocks use lower Devil Canyon (RM 151) as a milling area.
The Susitna River basin chinook salmon escapement in 1985 was
generally above average based on comparative recent year surveys.
Sockeye (Q. nerka), pink (Q.. gorbuscha), chum, and coho salmon
escapements and timing were documented at each mainstem sampl ing
station. The data indicate that the majority of 1981 Susitna River
sockeye, pink, chum, and coho salmon escapement originated in the
Susitna River reach above (upstream of) the Yentna River confluence
(RM 28). Escapement samples collected from fishwheel interceptions
indicate average length differences in sockeye and pink salmon
stocks between the Yentna River subdrainages and the Susitna River
basin above the Yentna River confluence.
Scale samples collected at the mainstem sampling stations indicate
Susitna River sockeye, chum, and coho salmon stocks were comprised
predominantly of age 52' 41 , and 43 fish, respectively.
Twelve Susitna River mainstem salmon spawning sites were located
between RM 64.5 and RM 135.2. Chum salmon were found spawning in
the same area as chum salmon at two sites.
Sockeye, chum, and coho salmon were gill netted in the Susitna River
mainstem less than one mile below Devil Canyon (RM 151) indicating a
milling area exists in the lower canyon.
Eight additional salmon spawning sloughs and streams were identified
in the Susitna River reach between the Chulitna River (RM 99) and
Devil Canyon (RM 151).
Radio telemetry investigations on chum and coho salmon indicate that
both species display milling behavior in the Susitna River mainstem
above Talkeetna (RM 99). Coho salmon displayed the greatest milling
movement; radio tagged coho salmon were found in the Susitna River
several miles upstream of their spawning area. Necropsies of radio
tagged coho and chum salmon indicate successful spawning occurred.
8 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Juvenile anadromous
fish study on the Susitna River (November 1980-0ctober 1981).
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 1 final draft report. Subtask
7.10. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA
Document #322.
This study was designed to gather information describing the
presence, abundance, geographical and seasonal distribution, age
class composition, length distribution, and smelt migration timing
~-
~,
-10
880509
RTS No.
8 of juvenile salmon in the Susitna River between Cook Inlet and Devil
Cont. Canyon as part of a feasibility study regarding the proposed Susitna
Hydroelectric project.
Field collection of data on juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.)
species took place from November 1980 to October 1981. Sampl ing
gear included variable mesh gillnets, minnow traps, beach seines,
electrofishing units, and dip nets.
Juvenil e chi nook (0. tshawytscha) sa lmon were captured throughou t
the study area. The majority of juvenile chinook salmon captured
during winter between Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon occurred at slough
and mainstem Susitna River sites and in summer at tributary mouth
sites. Two age classes (0+ and 1+) were captured. Age 1+ were not
captured after July between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon and were not
captured after August in the Cook Inlet to Talkeetna reach.
Juvenil e coho (Q. ki sutch) salmon occurred throughout the study
area. The majority of juvenil e coho salmon captured between Cook
Inlet and Talkeetna during winter and summer occurred at tributary
mouth sites. Between Ta 1keetna and Devil Canyon occurrence was
greater at slough sites in winter and at slough and tributary mouth
sites in summer. Three age classes (0+, 1+, and 11+) were captured.
Age 11+ were not captured after May in the Talkeetna to Devil Canyon
reach and were not captured after mid-June in the Cook Inlet to
Talkeetna reach.
Relatively small numbers of juvenile pink (0. ~orbuscha), chum (0.
keta), and sockeye (0. nerka) salmon were-co lected in 1980-8I.
Sampling scheme bias imposed by gear types and by location of effort
can account for the limited numbers of these juvenile salmon species
encountered. Further seasonal distribution, relative abundance, and
biological information on these three juvenile salmon species is
needed to evaluate their life histories.
Further information is needed on the winter distribution and habits
of all five species of juvenile salmon.
Further information is needed on the timing on the smoH
outmigration and also on the incubation of embryos of all five
juvenile salmon species.
9 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Resident fish
investigation on the lower Susitna River (November 1980-0ctober
1981). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 1 final draft report.
Subtask 7.10. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #318.
Rainbow trout (Salmo lairdneri) were captured throughout the Susitna
River between COOk nlet and Devil Canyon, with the mouths of
tri butary streams produci ng higher catches per un it effort than
mainstem river locations. The mean fork length of the 395 rainbow
-11
880509
RTS No.
9
Cont.
. trout captured was 285 mm. Fork lengths of rainbow trout in the
Cook Inlet to Ta'ikeetna reach was consistently 20 to 40 mm longer in
each age class than those recorded in the Talkeetna to Devil Canyon
reach. The most prevalent age classes captured were Age III, Age
IV, and Age V.
Peak catches of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) Occurred in May
and September. Cache Creek slough, Montana Creek, and Portage Creek
had the largest catches per unit effort. The mean fork length of
fish captured was 202 mm and the most prevalent age classes were Age
V and Age VI.
Burbot (Lata lata) were captured at 43 of the 44 habitat locations
between AleXander Creek and Portage Creek wi th peak catch rates
recorded in late August and early September. The mean length of 457
burbot measured was 428 mm. The most prevalent age classes were Age
III, Age V, and Age VIII.
Round whitefish (Prosopium cyl;ndraceum) occurred throughout the
study area but 1 the more productive sites tended to be upstream of
Talkeetna. Age IV fish were the most common and had a mean length
of 261 mm.
Humpback whitefish (Coregonus pidschian) were captured at
approximately half the habitat locations throughout the study area
but were generally more abundant at sites downstream of Talkeetna.
The mean fork 1ength of 344 fi sh measured was 284 lTITl. Age IV and
Age VI were the most prevalent age classes.
Eight hundred, thirty-four Bering cisco (Coregonus laurettae) were
captured at sites ranging from Kroto Slough to a site just upstream
of Talkeetna in the late summer and early fall. This species was
not know to occur in the Susitna River drainage prior to this study.
The mean fork length of measured fish was 332 mm and Age IV was the
most prevalent age class. Spawning was observed at three sites
between ri ver mil e 74 and mil e 79. Peak spawn; ng occurred duri ng
the second week of October.
Longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus) occurred throughout the
study area. The mean fork length of 532 suckers measured was 259 mm
and the most prevalent age class was Age VI.
Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) were captured at sites ranging from
Alexander Creek to Portagecreek with the highest catch per unit
effort recorded at the mouths of tributary streams. The mean fork
length was 196 mm. Dolly Varden captured in minnow traps on upper
Indi an Ri ver and upper Portage Creek had a mean fork 1ength of
94 mm.
~
~i
Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were widespread and
abundant in the Susitna River below Devil Canyon during the early
summer. The catch in minnow traps at habitat locations generally
-12
880509
RTS No.
9 decline after late June. Threespine sticklebacks were caWght at a
Cont. site two miles below the confluence of Portage Creek, approximately
50 miles further upriver than previously reported. The mean total
length of fish measured was 79 mm. Three age classes (0+, 1+, 11+)
were present during the summer.
The slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) was present at almost all
habitat locations between Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon. The mean
total length of 476 fish measured was 70 mm.
Forty Arctic lamprey (lampetra japonica) were captured at sites in
the lower 100 miles of the Susitna River.
One Age IX female northern pike (Esox lucius) measuring 715 mm fork
length was captured in Kroto Slough on September 11, 1981. Northern
pike are expanding their range from the Bulchitna lake area; this is
the first record of one captured in the mainstem Susitna River.
Information obtained to date has described the geographic and
seasonal distribution. relative abundance. length distribution, and
age distribution of adult residents during the period June through
September. The data on male/female ratios are less complete.
Relatively small numbers of juvenile resident fish were collected in
1980-81. Sampling scheme bias imposed by gear types and by location
of effort can account for the limited numbers of juvenile residents
encountered. Further seasonal distribution. relative abundance, and
bio~ogical information on juvenile residents is needed to evaluate
their life histories.
Spawning sites were located for the round whitefish and Bering
cisco. More information is needed on location of mainstem and
slough spawning sites and on spawning habits and timing for all
species. More information is also needed on the incubation of
embryos.
Further information is needed on the winter distribution and habits
of a 11 species.
Although many fish were tagged during this study. there have been
few recaptures to date. As more recaptures are made, the migrations
and movement of the various species can be better described.
10 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Resident fish
investigation on the upper Susitna River (May-October 1981).
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 1 final draft report. Subtask
7.10. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA
Document #316.
The seasonal distribution and relative abundance of resident fish
species was evaluated in eight major tributaries of the Susitna
River above Devil Canyon. Eight different species were captured:
-13
880509
RTS No.
10 Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), burbot (Lota lota), slimy
Cont. sculpin (Cottus cognatus), Dol'y Varden (SalvelTnU$ -namaycush),
Longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), humpback whitefish
(Coregonus pidschian), and round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum).
No juvenile or adult salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) were captured or
observed in the study area between Fog Creek (RM 173.9) and the
Oshetna River (RM 226.9). Observations in May 1981 indicate that
Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) spawn during late April or
early May under the ice or in flood waters immediately following ice
out. Schnabel population estimates, based on tag and and recapture
data, were generated for Arctic grayling in tributaries and in the
study area. The estimate for the upper Susitna River was 10,279
fish.
11a Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Aquatic habitat and
instream flow project (December 1980-October 1981). Susitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies. Phase 1 final draft report. Volume 1. Subtask
7.10. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA
Document #1307.
This report is one of a series of reports on studies conducted
during Phase 1 of the Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Analysis of
data is limited to first stage reduction.
Fishery habitat evaluation studies were performed during the 1981
winter and surrrner field seasons on the Susitna River between the
mouth and the Oshetna River. Data was collected in conjunction with
the resident and juvenile anadromous and adult anadromous fish
investigations. Velocity, depth, and substrate were collected
regularly at fish sampling gear placement sites and incidentally
where fish were observed. General habitat evaluations provided the
necessary data to describe and map the overall habitat
characteristics of each site.
In addition, water quality, morphometric, and discharge data were
collected at five selected sites to evaluate the relationships of
mainstem hydraulic and water quality conditions to fisheries habitat
in slough areas between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon. Water quality
parameters included temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity,
and turbidity.
~,
Analysis of data was limited to first stage reduction, and the
discussion of results is limited to descriptions, rather than
comparisons, of study sites.
lIb Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Aquatic habitat and
instream flow project. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 1
final draft report. Volume 2 (Section 1 of 2: Appendices EA-EH).
Subtask 7.10. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage.
Alaska. APA Document #311.
-14
880509
RTS No.
lIb Volume 2 consists of maps and data tables summarlzlng data collected
Cont. during 1981. Part 1 contains site maps, a methods supplement, and
data tables (physiochemical, temperature, stage, cross section
survey, discharge, and incidental data).
llc Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Aquatic habitat and
instream flow project. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 1
final draft report. Volume 2 (Section 2 of 2: Appendices EI-EJ).
Subtask 7.10. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #312.
Volume 2 consists of maps and data tables summarizing data collected
during 1981. Part 2 contains depth, velocity, and substrate data
collected at fish sampling gear placement sites during 1981. Winter
data collected in early 1981 is also presented.
Objectives, technical procedures, and data reduction procedures as
used by each component of the Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Program
during 1982-83 are described.
lId Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1982. Aquatic Studies Procedures
manual, Phase 1. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of
Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #*?*.
This document details the objectives, technical procedures, data
procedures, quality control, schedule, and personnel qualifications
(as of May 1981) of the Su-Hydro Aquatic Studies. The technical and
data procedures are divided into those used by the adult anadromous
fisheries, resident and juvenile anadromous fisheries, and the
aquatic habitat and instream flow study groups.
Appendices included describe sonar installation and operation,
oscilloscope operation, fishwheel operation, fish tagging,
electroshocking instructions, habitat site locations, resident and
juvenile sampling, techniques, and aquatic habitat instruction
manuals.
12 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1982. Aquatic studies
program (November 1980-0ctober 1981). Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studies. Phase 1 final draft report. Subtask 7.10. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #517.
This report represents a partial synthesis of the 1981 fishery and
habitat data collected by the ADF&G Susitna Aquatic Studies Program.
Fishery/habitat relationships are discussed to the extent possible.
The relationships between individual aquatic habitat parameters and
discharge are described. Various predictive models developed by
other research groups involved with the project are discussed.
When compared to discharge data, daily sonar counts indicate that
salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) movement decreased during periods of high
flow and increased as flows subsided after major flood events.
-15
880509
RTS No.
12 Burbot (Lata lota) catches during low flow conditions were primarily
Cant. restrictea--to the mainstem and deeper sloughs and side channel
habitats. During high flows, burbot were captured at a greater
number of habitats, including shallow side channels, sloughs, and
tributary mouths. Percent incidence of rainbow trout (Salmo
gairdneri) caught is related to mainstem discharge and their
seasonal migration patterns, whereas that of chinook (0.
tshawytscha) fry is apparently a function of fish growth and
independent of discharge. The availability of suitable substrate
and adequate flows to permit access into sloughs from the mainstem
are two of the factors determining the suitability of salmon
spawning habitat. Tributary and ground water flow which contribute
to slough flow may be critical during periods of low mainstem
discharge. At sites above Devil Canyon, Arctic grayling (Thymallus
arcticus) were generally more abundant in channels with large deep
pools and/or cutbanks and streamflows less than 2.0 feet/second.
Availability of suitable substrate within the study area was not a
limiting factor in the distribution and abundance of grayling.
Mainstem turbidity generally increases with discharge. Slough
turbidity remains low as mainstem discharge increases until a
certain threshold level at which point the turbidity/discharge
relationship in sloughs resembles that of the mainstem.
Temperature was found to be related to mainstem discharge.
intragravel flow. and tributary discharge. The HEC-2 hydraulic
model was used to predict water surface elevation (WSEL) at
approximately 70 mainstem cross sections for a range of mainstem
discharges. The model generally predicted a smaller than observed
change in mainstem WSEL when the discharge values are below 20.000
cfs.
13 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1982. Adult anadromous
fisheries project. Stock separation feasibility report. Susitna
Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 1 final draft report. Subtask 7.10.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#403. .
Past efforts to estimate the Susitna River's contribution to the
upper Cook Inlet commercial salmon harvest has been limited almost
exclusively to sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon, the most
economically valuable of the five species. The Susitna River
appears to be a major producer of coho (0. kisutch). pink (0.
gorbuscha). and chum (0. keta) salmon; however, contributions of
river systems on the west s~of Cook Inlet are unknown and need to
be assessed before implementing a stock identification program.
Chinook (0. tshawytscha) migration begins well before the commercial
fishing season opens. Thus. Susitna River stocks are not ,*7'
significantly exploited in the upper Cook Inlet fishery and a stock
separation program ;s not necessary at this time.
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14 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Aquatic Studies
Procedures Manual (1982-1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies.
Phase 2. Subtask 7.10. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #938.
15a Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Summarization of
Volumes 2, 3, 4, Part I and II, and 5. Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studies. Phase 2 basic data report (October 1981-0ctober 1982).
Volume 1. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
APA Document #96.
This report presents a synopsis of the information contained in
Volumes 2 through 4 of the Phase II reports.
15b Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Adult anadromous
fish studies, 1982. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 final
report. Volume 2 (Section 1 of 2). Alaska Department of Fish and
Game, Anchorage. Alaska. APA Document #588.
Tag recapture techni ques and sonar counters were used to es timate
escapement and determine the timing and nature of the migration of
Pacific salmon into the Susitna River. Stream surveys were
conducted to identify salmon spawning sites in the mainstem and
peripheral habitats and to evaluate their relative importance.
Radio tags were implanted in chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).
chum (0. ketal. and coho (0. kisutch) salmon to monitor and
characterize-their migration upriver.
Two runs of eulachon in May/June were documented and characterized.
Bering cisco (Coregonus laurettae) were intercepted by fishwheels at
Susitna Station (RM 26), Yentna Station (TRM 04), and Sunshine
Station (RM 80).
15c Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Adult anadromous
fish studies. 1982. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 final
report. Volume 2 (Section 2 of 2: Appendices A-H). Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage. Alaska ..APA Document #589.
Bernard. n.R •• G. Oliver, W. Goshert. and B. Cross. 1983.
Comparison of scale patterns from sockeye salmon sampled from
different stocks in the Susitna River in 1982. Appendix H in:
ADF&G. Adult anadromous fish studies, 1982. Susitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 final report. Volume 2 (Section 2 of
2: Appendices A-H). Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska.
Scale pattern analysis with linear discriminant functions was
used to examine the probable fate of sockeye salmon fry spawned
upstream of Curry Station on the Susitna River. Scale samples
were taken from sockeye salmon collected at Talkeetna Station,
at Curry Station. from the Tokositna River, and from the
confluence of the outlet from Larson Lake and the Talkeetna
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15c River. Fish aged 1.3 dominate the samples and are used in the
Cant. analysis. Growth during the first season of life (1977) is the
most discriminating scale pattern variable. Scale patterns
from fish sampled at Tokositna River and at Larson Lake are
most different. Fish from Larson Lake grew slower for a longer
period of time than did fish from the Tokositna River. Fish
from Talkeetna Station on the Susitna River are more like fish
sampled at Larson Lake on the Talkeetna River. Fish from Curry
Station are misclassified as being from Tokositna River or from
Larson Lake more often than from upstream of Curry Station.
Sockeye salmon passing Curry Station are probably not a
separate stock, but are strays from Talkeetna and Chulitna
ri vers. Fry hatched upstream of Curry Stati on most probably
die or move to the lower Susitna to rear.
1Sd Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Resident and
juvenile anadromous fish studies on the Susitna River below Devil
Canyon, 1982. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 basic data
report. Volume 3 (Section 1 of 2). Alaska Department of Fish and
Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #486.
Studi es were conducted to assess the potenti a 1 impact that
hydroelectric development on the Susitna River would have on
resident and juvenile anadromous fish species. Data were collected
concerning the seasonal distribution and relative abundance of the
various fish species utilizing the mainstem and peripheral habitats.
Emergence, outmigration, and food habits of juvenile salmon
(Oncorhynchus sPP.) were also studied.
15e Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Resident and
juvenile anadromous fish studies on the Susitna River below Devil
Canyon, 1982. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 basic data
report. Volume 3 (Section 2 of 2: Appendices). Alaska Department
of Fish and Game. Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #487.
1Sf Alaska Department of Fish and Game (AOF&G). 1983. Aquatic habitat and
instream flow studies. 1982. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase
2 basic data report. Volume 4 (Section 1 of 3: Part I and II).
Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#585.
Studies were conducted to evaluate existing aquatic habitat
conditions and define their relationship to mainstem Susitna River
discharge. Available and usable habitat areas at various discharges
were evaluated using computer modelling. The influence of the
mainstem Susitna River discharge on hydrological and water quality
characteristics in selected slough, tributary. and mainstem habitats
was investigated.
Changes in mainstem water surface elevation generally ranged from 3
to 5 feet for mainstem discharges between 8.000 and 32.000 cfs. The
stage/discharge relationship for that range of flows is well
-"
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lSf defined. Backwater effects at slough, tributary, and side channel
Cant. mouths was dependent on mainstem discharge and the morphology of the
specific site. Most side sloughs between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon
were found to breach as mainstem discharge at Gold Creek passed from
20,000 cfs to 26,000 cfs (±lS%).
Surface water temperature was monitored at twelve sites in the
rna ins tern Sus itna River between Ta 1keetna and Dev i 1 Canyon.
Intragravel and surface water temperatures were monitored at six
side sloughs. Surface water temperature fluctuated more than
intragravel temperature did. Specific conductance, pH, dissolved
oxygen, water temperature and turbidity were collected at study sites
between River Mile (RM) 5.0 and RM 258.0. Values measured in the
mainstem Susitna River appeared to be relatively homogenous and
independent of mainstem discharge, location, or date of collection.
In some sloughs, water quality was very similar during both breached
and unbreached flows.
Preliminary salmon spawning habitat investigations in the mainstem
indicate that the majority of the habitat available is unsuitable
because the substrate is cemented. Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
were found spawning in the mainstem, however, the majority were
observed spawning in clear backwater habitats situated in side
channels which were cut off from mainstem water influence at their
heads. Al1 species of salmon except chinook (Q. tshawytscha) were
observed spawning in slough habitats. Chum salmon appeared to
prefer areas with upwelling present.
Access to spawning areas in sloughs and side channels is the most
critical factor in determining the suitability of the site. Because
access is mostly a function of water depth, reduced discharge can
make otherwise suitable habitat unavailable to spawning fish.
lSg Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Aquatic habitat and
instream flow studies, 1982. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase
2 basic data report. Volume 4 (Section 2 of 3: Appendices A-C).
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#587.
ISh Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Aquatic habitat and
instream flow studies, 1982. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase
2 bas i c data report. VA 1ume 4 (Section 3 of 3: Appendices D-J).
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#587.
lSi Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Upper Susitna River
impoundment studies, 1982. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2
basic data report. Volume 5. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #590.
Water quality, fish habitat evaluation, and resident fish species
distribution and abundance were investigated in the upper Susitna
River between RM 152.0 to RM 239.0 above the proposed Devil Canyon
-19
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15i impoundment. Water quality of tributaries. mainstem. sloughs, and
Cant. Sally Lake was evaluated by dissolved oxygen. pH. turbidity.
conductivity and temperature measurements. Mainstem turbidity may
influence the distribution of Arctic grayl ing (Thymallus arcticus)
which prefer clearwater tributaries. Arctic grayling distribution,
abundance. age. length, sex. and migration in tributary and mainstem
habitats were investigated. Other resident fish species noted were
burbot (Lata lota). longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus). round
whitefi sh--( Pr'OSOpi um cyl i ndraceum) • and humpback whitefi sh
(Coregonus pidschian). Morphometric data. water quality data. and a
contour map were collected at Sally Lake. Lake trout (Salvelinus
namafcush) and Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) were present in
the ake.
Chinook and Cheechako creeks. located within lower Devil Canyon are
the only two tributaries within the proposed impoundment areas that
are presently known to be utilized by spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus
s pp. ).
16a Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Synopsis of the 1982
aquatic studies and analysis of fish and habitat relationships
(Section 1 of 2). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 report.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#40.
Thi s report provi des a synops is of the fi ndings on each of the
target species of resident and anadromous fish. and an analysis of
fish and habitat data contained in the 1982 ADF&G Phase II Basic
Data Reports. Specific analytical components are presented in 11
appendices to complement the major findings of this report.
16b Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Synopsis of the 1982
aquatic studies and analysis of fish and habitat relationships
(Section 2 of 2: Appendices A-K). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies.
Phase 2 report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Anchorage.
Alaska. APA Document #40.
Thompson, F.M .• and S.M. Sarrett. 1983. Analysis of the species
selectivity of fishwheels for the capture of adult salmon in
the Susitna River. Appendix A in: ADF&G. Synopsis of the
1982 aquatic studies and analysis of fish and habitat
relationships (Section 2 of 2: Appendices). Susitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 report. Alaska Department of Fish
and Game. Anchorage, Alaska.
A statistical Chi-square test showed that fishwheels were
significantly species selective (P 0.001) at two of five
sites on the Susitna River. These over or under catch rates
should be considered when estimating species escapements.
Trihey, E.W., L.J. Vining, and C.C. Estes. 1983. Timing and
passage of adult salmon in the mainstem Susitna River and
access into selected sloughs upstream of the Chulitna River
-20
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16b
Cont.
confluence. Appendix Bin: ADF&G. Synopsis of the 1982
aquatic studies and analysis of fish and habitat relationships
(Section 2 of 2: Appendices). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies.
Phase 2 report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska.
Timing and passage of five salmon species (Oncorhynchus nerka,
Q. keta, Q. gorbuscha, Q. kisutch, and Q.. tshawytsch-aTto
spawning habitat in the Susitna River were monitored by
fishwheel catches, spawning habitat surveys and passage surveys
in 9 sloughs between Talkeetna (RM 103.0) and Devil Canyon (RM
157.0). Comparisons were made between a low water year (1982)
and a high water year (1981).
Salasky, S., R. Sinnott, and A. Hoffmann. 1983. Qualitative
analysis of salmon spawning habitat in sloughs located within
the Talkeetna to Devil Canyon reach of the Susitna River.
Appendix C in: ADF&G. Synopsis of the 1982 aquatic studies
and analysis of fish and habitat relationships (Section 2 of 2:
Appendices). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 report.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
Sinnott, R., K. Sylvester, A. Hoffmann, and C.C. Estes. 1983.
Modelling of hydraulic conditions and chum salmon spawning
habitat in selected Susitna River sloughs. Appendix 0 in:
ADF&G. Synopsis of the 1982 aquatic studies and analysis of
fish and habitat relationships (Section 2 of 2: Appendices).
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 report. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
Available hydraulic conditions in four slqughs (8A, 9, 21, and
Chum Channel) were modelled as a function of slough discharge.
Water depth and velocity were evaluated over a wide range of
predicted slough discharge.
The influence of slough hydraulic conditions on the selection
of redd sites by chum salmon (Oncorhynchus ketal was modelled
by analyzing the frequency distribution ofChUm redds among
available water depths, velocities, and substrate types at low
flows in sloughs 8A, 9, and 21. Available water depths,
velocities, and substrate types at a predicted slough flow of 5
cfs and the frequency distributions of chum salmon redds were
evaluated using a habitat suitability model developed for
sloughs 8A, 9, and 21.
Marshall, B. 1983. Effects on mainstem Susitna discharge on total
wetted backwater surface area at selected study sites.
Appendix E in: ADF&G. Synopsis of the 1982 aquatic studies
and analysis of fish and habitat relationships (Section 2 of 2:
Appendices). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 report.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
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16b Additional information beyond that discussed in previous
Cont. reports concerning the response of backwater surface areas to
changes in mainstem discharge is presented. The relationship
between backwater and wetted surface areas, and data on the
abundance of pools formed by berms in free flowing stream areas
at study sites is also discussed.
Fourteen sites were sampled: Sloughs 6A, 8A, 9, 11, 19, 20, '''""' and 21; Whiskers Creek and Slough, Birch Creek and Slough,
Sunshine Creek and Side Channel, Lane Creek, Whitefish Slough,
Goose Creek and Side Channel, Rabideux Creek and Slough.
Hale, 5.S. 1983. Influence of habitat parameters on distribution
and relative abundance of juvenile salmon and resident species.
Appendi x Fin: AOF&G. Synops i s of the 1982 aquati c studi es
and analysis of fish and habitat relationship (Section 2 of 2:
Appendices). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 report.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
The proposed hydroelectric project could create
physical-chemical conditions which are outside the limits of
natural variation with regard to timing, magnitude, or both.
This appendix presents an analysis of the cause-effect
relationships observed between natural variations in physical
and chemical conditions and the distribution and abundance of
fish (primarily juvenile salmon) during the 1982 open water ~'.
season. A habitat classification system was developed
for dividing the study sites into nine possible zones so that
changes in physical habitat with changing discharge could be
monitored without an intensive data collection effort. An
estimate of how juvenile salmon habitat changes with variations
in mainstem discharge was developed by combining the catch
vari ati ons between zones with the chanqes in the surface area
of the zones. -
Suchanek, P.M., and 5.5. Hale. 1983. Use of major habitat types by
juvenile salmon and resident species. Appendix Gin: AOF&G.
Synopsis of the 1982 aquatic studies and analysis of fish and
habitat relationships (Section 2 of 2: Appendices). Susitna
Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 report. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
An analysis of habitat preferences of resident fish and
juvenile salmon during the open water season is presented. Six
major habitat types occurring on the Susitna River between Cook
Inlet and Devil Canyon were identified: tributary mouths, side
channels with large tributary mouths, side sloughs with large
tributary mouths, or ground water input, upland sloughs, and
mainstem channels or side channels.
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16b
Cont.
Chi-square and graphic analysis were used. Data were extracted
from Volume 3 of the Basic Data Report ( ).
Juvenile salmon species considered were: chinook (Oncorhynchus
tShaw)tscha). coho. (Q. kisutch). chum (0. keta). and red (Q.
nerka salmon. Plnk (0. gorbuscha) sarmon were not included
~o low numbers captured. Resident species included: round
whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum). Arctic grayling (Thymallus
arcticus). longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus). s1 imy
sculpin (Cottus cognatus). burbot (lota lota). humpback
whitefish (Coregonus idschian) I rainbow ~out (Salmo
gairdneri). and Dolly Varden Sa velinus malma). -----
Hale, 5.5. 1983. Habitat relationships of juvenile salmon
outmigration. Appendix H in: ADF&G. Synopsis of the 1982
aquatic studies and analysis of fish and habitat relationships
(Section 2 of 2: Appendices). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies.
Phase 2 report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska.
The relationship between the outmigration timing of juvenile
sa 1man and the env i ronmenta 1 va ri ab 1es for the Sus itna River
between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon were
analyzed in order to evaluate the influence environmental
factors have on the outmigration of juvenile salmon
(Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Q. tshaw~tscha .. O. keta, Q. kisutch,
and O. nerka). Parameters examlned lncludea--were mainstem
discharg~ater temperature, turbidity, and photoperiod.
Other related factors were time of season and variation in size
(mean length) of juvenile salmon.
Schmidt, D.C. 1983. A model of the effects of incremental
increases in sport fishing on population structure of Arctic
grayling above Devil Canyon. Appendix I in: ADF&G. Synopsis
of the 1982 aquatic studies and analysis of fish and habitat
relationships (Section 2 of 2: Appendices). Susitna Hydro
Aquati c Studi es. Phase 2 report. Alaska Department of Fi sh
and Game. Anchorage. Alaska.
The opening of access roads into the impoundment area of the
proposed Susitna Hydroelectric project, can be expected to
create a substantial Arctic grayling sport fishery in this
previously seldom-fished drainage. This study was initiated to
examine the effect of increased mortality rates due to fishing
pressure on the age structure and abundance of the Arcti c
grayling (Thymallus arcticus) populations in the clearwater
tributaries studied to date. Fish were sampled using hook and
line and then tagged. Mark and recapture, and age-length data
were collected over two open water seasons at eight major
clearwater tributaries in the proposed impoundment area.
Suchanek, P.M., and 5.5. Hale. 1983. Age-length curves and growth
of Arctic grayling and rainbow trout. Appendix J in: ADF&G.
-23
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16b Synopsis of the 1982 aquatic studies and analysis of fish and
Cont. habitat relationships (Section 2 of 2: Appendices). Susitna
Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 report. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
Age-length curves and regressions were examined for Arctic
grayling (Thymallus arcticus) to determine if the growth of the
population in the proposed impoundment area above Devil Canyon
was significantly different from that of the population below
Devil Canyon. Age-length curves for rainbow trout (Salmo
gairdneri) were also analyzed. ------
Sandone, G., and J. Sautner. 1983. Evaluation of Arctic grayling
spawning and rearing habitat and notes on salmon spawning in
the impoundment study area of the Susitna River. Appendix K
in: ADF&G. Synopsis of the 1982 aquatic studies and analysis
of fish and habitat relationships (Section 2 of 2:
Appendices). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Phase 2 report.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) spawning and rearing
habitats were surveyed and documented above and below the
proposed impoundment elevation (PIE) along eleven major
tributaries which would be partially inundated by the proposed
impoundment. Inundation would result in loss of existing
habitat in the lower reaches; therefore, continued spawning and
reari ng of Arcti c grayl ing in these streams depends upon the
quantity, quality, and availability of habitat above the PIE.
Chinook and Cheechako creeks, located within lower Devil Canyon
are the only tributaries within the proposed impoundment areas
at which salmon are known to spawn. ADF&G documented chinook
(Oncorhrchus tshawxtscha) salmon spawning in the
glacial clearwater mlxing zones of these creeks. A
semi-dewatered redd was observed at the water's edge
approximately 150 feet downstream from the mouth of Cheechako
Creek, i ndicati ng that spawning had occurred duri ng a hi gher
discharge period.
17 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1983. Winter aquatic
studies (October 1982-May 1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies.
Phase 2 report. Alaska Department of Fi sh and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #309.
A. 1983 Winter Aquatic Studies, October 1982-May 1983, Continuous
Surface and Intragravel Water Temperature Study. Andrew
Hoffmann.
Water surface and intragravel water temperatures were
continuously monitored with Omnidata datapod recorders at 13
slough and mainstem sites in the Susitna River from August 1982
-24
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880509
RTS No.
Cant.
to June 1983. This study provided baseline data and allowed
comparisons of temperatures of sites known to be used or not
used by spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Intragravel
temperatures in sloughs were generally warmer and more stable
than surface water temperatures. However, slough water
temperatures were affected by upwelling ground water.
B. 1983 Winter Aquatic Studies, October 1982-May 1983, Salmon
Incubation and Emergence Studies. L. Vining and J. Quinn.
Physical and chemical conditions of surface and intragravel
water were re1ated to development of sockeye (Oncorhynchus
nerka) and chum salmon (0. keta) embryos and alevins in the
Susitna River. Datapods -and"""Standpipes were used to measure
temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductance in slough and
side channel spawning sites. Temperature units and time
required for development were similar to those recorded for
these species elsewhere in Alaska.
C. 1983 Winter Aquatic Studies, October 1982-May 1983, Burbot
Spawning in the Susitna River below Devil Canyon. R. Sundet.
The timing and habitat characteristics of burbot (Lota lota)
spawning were studied in the Deshka River, a tributary ortli"e
Susitna River. Physical and chemical characteristics of two
sites on the Deshka River (Susitna RM 40.6) were measured: ice
thickness, water depth, under ice water velocity, dissolved
oxygen, specific conductance, pH, and water temperature.
Timing of spawning was determined from monthly necropsies of
samples (n = 69) to determine gonad maturity. Otoliths were
collected to determine age and fish length was measured.
Monthly examinations of sexually ripe gonads showed that the
size increased from early December to mid-January, then
progressively decreased in size through March.
D. 1983 Winter Aquatic Studies, October 1982-May 1983, Winter
Radio Telemetry Investigations of Selected Resident Fish. M.
Wenger, R. Sundet, and M. Stratton.
Three species of resident fish in the Susitna River were radio
tagged to determine winter movements, overwintering locations,
or spawning habitat and timing. Radio transmitters were
implanted in live fish in September-October 1982 and monitored
by air, boat, and snowmobile until May 1983. Ten rainbow trout
(Salmo gairdneri) migrated 14-76.6 miles downstream to
overwintering locations. Fifteen Arctic grayl ing (Thymallus
arcticus) migrated 2.1 to 50.8 miles from tributaries down the
mainstem, in September to early October, to two main areas on
concentration. Six burbot (Lota lota) migrated 1 to 113.6
miles to winter spawning grounds i~ptember to mid-January.
They spawned mid-January to early February and migrated again
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880509
RTS No.
17 early February to mid-March. Burbot showed some preference for
Cont. areas with upwelling.
18a Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1984. Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studi es Procedures Manual (May 1983 June 1984) (Volume 1 of 2).
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #885. I
Objectives, technical procedures, and data reduction procedures are
described for each component of the Susitna Hydroelectric Aquatic
Studies Program during the period of May 1983 -June 1984.
18b Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1984. Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studies Procedures Manual (May 1983 -June 1984) (Volume 2 of 2:
Appendices). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #886.
19 Barrett, B.M., F.M. Thompson, and S.N. Wick, editors. 1984. Adult
anadromous fish investigations: May-October 1983. Sus i tna Hydro
Aquatic Studies. Report No.1. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #1450.
Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) migrated into the Susitna River in
two runs during late May-early June 1983. Pre-spawning males were
more numerous than females in the first, smaller run, while
pre-sp<awning females outnumbered males in the second, larger run.
This suggests that individual male eulachon ripen earlier and spawn
over a longer period than females following ice-out at water
temperatures between 6.0°C and 9.0°C. About 70 percent of the fish
spawned within the first 29 miles from the mouth. No fish were
observed spawning in clearwater sloughs or tributaries. Age data
indicated that three year olds accounted for 92-97 percent of
spawning fish in both runs. Weight/length data showed that three
year old males were significantly larger in the first run than in
the second. Spawning habitat was described in terms of water depth,
velocity, temperature, and substrate. The first run included
severa 1 hundred thousand fi sh, whi 1e the second· escapement reached
several million eulachon. Escapement of chum (Oncorhynchus ketal,
chinook (0. tShaw~tscha), coho (Q.. kisutch), pink (Q. gorbuscna),
and red 10. ner a) salmon occurring in the Susitna River was
monitored at three points on the Susitna River using fishwheels,
Petersen tag-recapture techniques and side scan sonar. Age, length,
weight, and fecundity data were collected. Streams and sloughs were
surveyed for salmon spawning activity. Results are presented by
species and river location.
Bering cisco (Coregonus laurettae) were incidentally sampled at
Yentna (TRM 04), Sunshine (RM 80), Talkeetna (RM 103), and Curry (RM
120) stations in 1983. Relative abundance, distribution, and
migrational timing were determined, and age, length, and sex data
were collected. The documented distribution of Bering cisco was
extended from Talkeetna Station (RM 103) to Fourth of July Creek (RM
131.1).
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20 Schmidt, D.C., S.S. Hale, D.l. Crawford, and P. Suchanek, editors. 1984.
Resident and juvenile anadromous fish investigations (May-October
1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.2. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #1784.
Report No.2 includes juvenile salmon and resident species studies
conducted duri ng the peri od May to October 1983. The majority of
these studies took place in the Susitna River between the Chulitna
River confluence and Devil Canyon. Very limited sampling (primarily
for resident species) was conducted downstream of the Chulitna River
confluence.
The report is divided into seven separate papers addressing topics
from four general subject areas: distribution and relative
abundance, movement and migration, population dynamics, and
habitat/species relationships.
Roth, K.J., D.C. Gray, and D.C. Schmidt. 1984. The outmigration of
juvenile salmon from the Susitna River above the Chulitna River
confluence. Part 1 in: D.C. Schmidt, 5.S. Hale, D.L.
Crawford, and P.M. Suchanek, editors. Resident and juvenile
anadromous fish investigations (May-October 1983). Susitna
Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.2. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
Population estimates of juvenile chum (Oncorh{.nchUs ketal and
sockeye (0. nerka) salmon were obtained by mar -recapture using
a unique application of half-length coded wire tags. Fry were
tagged at four sloughs and one tributary of the Susitna River
between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon.
Downstream mi grant traps were used to recapture tagged fry
during June, July, and August 1983. Chinook (Q. tshawytscha),
coho (Q. kisutch), and pink (2,. gorbuscha) salmon were also
collected during the sampling season.
Dugan, L.J., D.A. Sterritt, and M.E. Stratton. 1984. The
distribution and relative abundance of juvenile salmon in the
Susitna River drainage above the Chulitna River confluence.
Part 2 in: D.C. Schmidt, S.S. Hale, D.l. Crawford, and P.M.
Suchanek, editors. Resident and juvenile anadromous fish
investigations (May-October 1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studies. Report No.2. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska.
Thirty-five sites, representing four macrohabitat types within
the Susitna River drainage, were sampled from May through
September 1983 to determine the seasonal distribution and
abundance of juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Limited
sampling was also conducted during October and November.
Distribution of all species was found to be significantly
related to macrohabitat type and time of year.
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Cant.
Suchanek, P.M .• R.P. Marshal1. 5.5. Hale, and D.C. Schmidt. 1984.
Juvenile sa1mon rearing suitability criteria. Part 3 in: D.C.
Schmidt, 5.5. Ha1e, D.l. Crawford, and P.M. Suchanek. editors.
Resident and juvenile anadromous fish investigations (May-October
1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.2. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game. Anchorage, Alaska.
Habitat attributes were measured and juvenile sa1mon
(Oncorhynchus spp.) were samp1ed at representative sites on the
Susitna River between the Chul itna River confluence and Devil
Canyon. Suitability criteria for percent cover, cover type,
velocity, and depth were developed for juvenile (0. 1"''"
tshawytscha). coho (0. kisutch), sockeye (0. nerka), and chum
(0. ketal salmon. Composite weighting factorswere formulated
and correlated with observed fish catch.
Marshall, R.P .• P.M. Suchanek. and D.C. Schmidt. 1984. Juvenile
salmon rearing habitats models. Part 4 in: D.C. Schmidt. S.S.
Hale, D.L. Crawford, and P.M. Suchanek, editors. Resident and
juvenile anadromous fish investigations (May-October 1983).
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.2. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
Using habitat models, the effects of mainstem discharge on
rearing habitat of juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the
Susitna River between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil
Canyon were quantified. Data collected include hydraulic
characteristics, cover, water quality, water surface area, and
fish density. Weighted usable areas were calculated for
selected species at each site. A habitat index was calculated
for site comparisons.
Sundet, R.L .• and M.N. Wenger. 1984. Resident fish distribution
and population dynamics in the Susitna River below Devil
Canyon. Part 5 in: D.C. Schmidt. S.S. Hale. D.L. Crawford,
and P.M. Suchanek. editors. Resident and juvenile anadromous
fish investigations (May-October 1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studies. Report No.2. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska.
Using radio telemetry and mark and recapture methods, the
seasonal distribution of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and
estimates of local abundance for other resident species were
obtained for the Susitna River between the Chulitna River
confluence and Devil Canyon. Seasonal distribution of round
whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum). burbot (Lata lota), Arctic
grayling (Thymal1us arcticus), and Dolly YarCfer1l'Salvelinus
malma) are described. Selected sites were established to
monitor catch per unit effort for resident fish species and
their response to flow regulation of the proposed hydroelectric
project.
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RTS No.
Suchanek, P.M.. R.L. Sundet, and M.N. Wenger. 1984. Resident and
Cont. fish habitat studies. Part 6 in: D.C. Schmidt, S.S. Hale, D.L.
Crawford, and P.M. Suchanek, editors. Resident and juvenile
anadromous fish investigations (May-October 1983). 5usitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies. Report No.2. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska.
Habitat distribution and suitability were evaluated for rainbow
trout (Salmo gairdneri), Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus),
round whitefish (Proso ium c~lindraceum), and longnose suckers
(Catostomus catostomus ln t e Susitna River drainage between
the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon.
Electrofishing, beach seine, and hook-and-line catch data and
habitat data were collected at radio telemetry relocation sites
for rainbow trout and burbot (Lata lota) and at spawning sites
(round whitefish). Suitability criteria for velocity, depth,
and object cover were fit to the distribution of resident fish.
Hale, 5.S., P.M. Suchanek, and D.C. Schmidt. 1984. Modelling of
juvenile salmon and resident fish habitat. Part 7 in: D.C.
Schmidt, S.S. Hale, D.L. Crawford, and P.M. Suchanek, editors.
Resident and juvenile anadromous fish investigations
(May-October 1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report
No.2. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska.
Instream Flow Group (IFG) hydraulic models were used to
evaluate the effect of mainstem discharge on rearing habitat
for juvenile salmon and resident species at seven sites on the
Susitna River between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil
Canyon. Overtopping of side slough heads by mainstem discharge
causes abrupt changes in rearing habitat which are positive
benefit to some species/life stages and negative for others.
21a-j Estes, C.C., and D.S. Vincent-Lang, editors. 1984. Aquatic habitat and
instream flow investigations, May-October 1983 (10 volumes:
Chapters 1-10). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.3.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#1930-1939.
Report No.3 is divided into two parts: Part I (Chapters J.-4) ,
Hydrological and Water Quality Investigations, is a compilation of
the physical and chemical data collected by the ADF&G Susitna
Hydroelectric Aquatic Studies team during 1983. Part II (Chapters
5-10), Adult Anadromous Fish Habitat Investigations, describes the
subset of available habitat between Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon that
is utilized by adult anadromous fish. Primary emphasis is upon
slough and side channel habitats.
21a Quane, T., P. Morrow, and T. Withrow. 1984. Stage and discharge
investigations. Chapter 1 in: C.C. Estes, and D.S. Vincent-Lang,
editors. Aquatic habitat and instream flow investigations,
May-October 1983. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.3.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#1930.
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21a Baseline hydrological data have been collected within the Susitna
Cont. River basin since 1981 in conjunction with the baseline fisheries
studies being conducted by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Susitna Hydroelectric Aquatic Studies Feasibility Team. The primary
objective of the data collection program has been to collect
baseline hydrological data (stage/water surface, elevation, stream
flow, and discharge) within the variety of fish habitats that are
present in the Susitna River basin and to determine the influences
of mainstem discharge conditions on the hydrological characteristics
of these habitats. Although these investigations have been
conducted throughout this large glacially-fed river system, effort
has been concentrated in the reach of river extending from Talkeetna
(RM 97) to Devil Canyon (RM 150) as impacts from the construction
and operation of the proposed hydroelectric development are expected
to be greatest in this river reach.
Six major fishery habitat types are located in the reach of river
from Talkeetna to Devil Canyon; mainstem, side chaonel, side slough,
upland slough, tributary mouth, and tributary. Sufficient data was
collected to describe the relationship of mainstem discharge on the
water surface elevation of the mainstem at 46 sites. Based on these
data, this relationship is fairly well defined for the range of
discharges from 5,000 to 30,000 cfs (as referenced to the USGS Gold
Creek mainstem discharge gaging station). Mainstem discharge was
also found to influence, to varying degrees, the hydraulic
characteristics of side channels and side slough habitats by
creating backwater areas and by overtopping the heads of these
habitats. Prior to overtopping events, flow in these habitats was
found to be generally clear and low, originating from ground water
upwelling and surface water runoff. Subsequent to overtopping, flow
in these habitats was found to increase dramatically and become
directly governed by mainstem discharge. The heads of upland slough
habitats are never found to breach, with the only influence of
mainstem discharge on these habitats being backwater effects. The
stream flow regimes of the major clearwater tributaries in this
reach were also evaluated to determine the relative contribution of
the tributaries to the overall discharge of the Susitna River
watershed.
Information from these studies will be used by other project
biologists and engineers to evaluate the impact of hydroelectric
development on the Susitna River.
21b Quane, T., T. Queral, T. Keklak, and D. Seagren. 1984. Channel geometry
investigations of the Susitna River basin. Chapter 2 in: C.C.
Estes, and D.S. Vincent-Lang, editors. Aquatic habitat and instream
flow investigations, May-October 1983. Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studies. Report No.3. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage. Alaska. APA Document #1931.
Channel geometry data have been collected by the Alaska Department
of Fish and Game Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Feasibility Study
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21b Team since 1982 at twenty-one side channel, upland and side slough
Cant. and tributary habitats located in the Talkeetna to Devil Canyon
reach of the Sus itna Ri ver. These data have been used to descri be
the channel characteristics of these study sites. Thalweg profiles,
depicting the overall gradient, extent of backwater, and substrate
composition of the site, were constructed from the data for four
side channels and thirteen upland and side sloughs. Cross section
profiles, illustrating the cross sectional channel characteristics
and wetted surface area as a response to stage changes, were also
developed for selected stage/discharge monitoring stations within
these study sites. These data are used by other project biologists
and engineers to evaluate the impact of hydroelectric development on
the Susitna River.
21c Keklak, T., and T. Quane. 1984. Continuous water temperature
investigations. Chapter 3 in: C.C. Estes, and D.S. Vincent-Lang,
editors. Aquatic habitat and instream flow investigations,
May-October 1983. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.3.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#1932.
Surface and intragravel water temperature data have been recorded on
a continuous basis at selected locations throughout the Susitna
River Basin since 1981 by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Feasibility Team to characterize the
water temperature regimes of the mainstem Susitna River and its
peripheral habitats. During the 1983 open water season (May-October
1983) basel ine surface and intragravel water temperature data were
recorded in the mainstem Susitna River and its peripheral side
channel, side slough, upland slough, and tributary habitats.
Although data were collected from the estuary (RM 0.0) to above the
Oshetna River (RM 235.7), the study concentrated on the reach of the
river from the Parks Highway Bridge (RM 83.9) to the Oshetna River
(RM 233.4). During the 1983 open water season surface water
temperatures in the mainstem Susitna River generally increased
downstream from RM 235.7 to RM 103.0. Surface water temperatures
recorded at RM 83.9 were colder reflecting the influences of the
Ta 1keetna and Chul itna rivers. Intragravel temperatures were
recorded at sites form RM 103.3 to RM 142.3. Warmest intragravel
temperatures were recorded at the most upstream site. The influence
of mainstem temperatures on surface water temperatures in side
sloughs or side channels resulting from mainstem breaching
discharges was observed in side channels 10, upper 11, and 21, and
in side slough 9 and 21. Intragravel temperatures recorded in side
channels and side sloughs were influenced by ground water upwelling
or rna i nstem temperatures. Variabil ity in intragravel temperatures
recorded within a side channel or side slough was observed in upper
side channel 11 and slough 8A.
Results of these investigations will be used to evaluate the
infl uences that seasonal water temperatures have on fi sh and fi sh
habitats and to calibrate or validate various temperature models.
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21d Sandone, G., and T. Quane. 1984. Water quality investigations. Chapter
4 in: C.C. Estes, and D.S. Vincent-Lang, editors. Aquatic habitat
and instream flow investigations, May-October 1983. Susitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies. Report No.3. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #1933.
Baseline water quality data have been collected within the Susitna
River basin since 1981 in conjunction with the baseline fisheries
studies be; ng conducted by the Alaska Department of Fi sh and Game
Susitna Hydroelectric Aquatic Studies Feasibility Team. The primary
objective of the data collection program has been to collect
baseline water quality data (dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity,
temperature, and turbidity) within the habitats selected for fishery
studies that are present in the Susitna River basin and to determine
the influences of mainstem discharge conditions on the water quality
characteristics of these habitats. Although these investigation
have been conducted throughout this large glacially-fed river
system, effort has been concentrated in the reach of river extending
from Talkeetna (RM 97) to Devil Canyon (RM 150) as impacts from the
construction and operation of the proposed hydroelectric development
are expected to be greatest in this river reach.
The 1983 investigations (summarized in this report), concentrated on
mainstem, side channel, side slough and tributary habitats. Water
quality measurements of dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and
turbidity were obtained in the mainstem Susitna River and Talkeetna
and Chulitna rivers twice a month on an instantaneous basis except
for the Talkeetna fishwheel and Gold Creek camp stations, which were
monitored daily. Turbidity measurements were obtained from several
side channels and side sloughs in the Talkeetna to Devil Canyon
reach twice a month.
Results of these investigations indicate that water quality in the
mainstem Susitna River is relatively similar among sampling
locations but that specific water quality variables at sampling
stations change in relation to mainstem discharge. Increased levels
of turbidity in the mainstem were found to correlate to mainstem
discharge, but are assumed to result from suspended sediment
contributed by the Susitna and MacClaren glaciers. Turbidity levels
remain low when glacial melt ceases. Turbidity levels in side
channels and side sloughs were found to be independent of mainstem
discharge prior to breaching of the heads by the mainstem, however,
subsequent to breaching those sites were found to resemble the
turbidity of the mainstem with the controlling factor being the
relative flow contribution of the mainstem to that of the site flow.
Tributary water quality was found to be independent of mainstem
Susitna River discharge and was determined to influence to varying
degrees the water quality conditions of the mainstem depending on
the relative size of the tributary.
Information from these studies will be used by other project
biologists and engineers to evaluate the impact of hydroelectric
development on the Susitna River.
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21e Vincent-Lang, D.S., and I. Queral. 1984. Eulachon spawning in the lower
Susitna River. Chapter 5 in: C.C. Estes, and D.S. Vincent-Lang,
editors. Aquatic habitat and instream flow investigations,
May-October 1983. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.3.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#1934.
Eulachon (Thaleichthys ~acificus [Richardson]) are an anadromous
member of the smelt amily. Studies to determine naturally
occurring hydraulic and temperature relationships to eulachon
immigration and spawning were initiated by the Alaska Department of
Fish and Game (ADF&G) in 1982 and continued into 1983. These
surveys indicated that eulachon are probably the most abundant
species of fish in the Susitna River. Based on 1981 and 1983 catch
data, eulachon begin their upstream spawning migration during early
to mid-May. Two distinct spawning runs of eulachon enter the
Susitna River with no apparent correlation with either mainstem
discharge or temperature. Spawning was found to occur over a broad
range of hydraulic and substrate conditions along the margins of
mainstem habitats from the mouth of the Susitna River (RM 0)
upstream to RM 50.3. Based on a representative number of spawning
sites selected for further evaluation, it appears that similar
physical habitat condition will be present under both decreased and
increased mainstem discharge conditions.
21f Sautner, J., L.J. Vining, and L.A. Rundquist. 1984. An evaluation of
passage conditions for adult salmon in sloughs and side channels of
the middle Susitna River. Chapter 6 in: C.C. Estes, and D.S.
Vincent-Lang, editors. Aquatic habitat and instream flow
investigati ons, May-October 1983. Susi tna Hydro Aquatic Studies.
Report No.3. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #1935.
An interim evaluation of passage conditions for adult Pacific salmon
(Oncorhynchus spp.) into and within twelve slough and side channel
sites in the middle reach of the Susitna Rive.r is presented to
determine the effects of mainstem discharge on passage conditions
into these habitat types. These habitats were selected for
evaluation as they are affected by mainstem Susitna River
discharges. A final evaluation will be completed in FY 85. The
sites account for the majority of chum, sockeye, and pi nk salmon
which spawn in sloughs and side channels in this reach. The
evaluation of salmon passage conditions at each site included the
effect of mainstem breaching discharge and backwater staging, and
s Jough flows (1 oca 1 flows) deri ved from 1oca 1 water sources (e. g. ,
upwelling, tributaries, precipitation). Timing and distribution
patterns of salmon were also evaluated as they relate to passage
conditions and flow patterns in the Susitna River system.
Daily salmon catch data at three fishwheel sites on the mainstem
river were compared to mean daily discharge levels. These discharge
data and survey counts of peak numbers of live and dead salmon in
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21f sloughs and side channels indicate that the period from August 20 to
Cont. September 20 is a critical period for providing passage into and
within slough and side channel sites from the mainstem Susitna
River. All analyses of passage were therefore restricted to this
time period.
Reaches within the study sites which were restrictive to salmon
passage (passage reaches) were identified at each site on the basis
of water depth requi rements for passage by sa 1mon. Depth
requirements for successful passage increased with and increase in
the length of a passage. The analyses of breaching and backwater
discharges and local flow effects on passage reaches were conducted
independently and their relative importance is reported on a site by
site bas is. In general, breachi ng discharges affect a 11 passage
reaches within a site simultaneously; whereas, backwater staging
usually affects only one or two passage reaches in the lower portion
of a site. Local flow requirements may affect all passage reaches,
but vary among sites and among passage reaches. These variations in
local flow requirements are due to spatial variations in sources of
local flow.
21g Vincent-Lang, 0.5., A. Hoffmann, A.E. Bingham, C.C. Estes, D. Hillard, C.
Steward, E.W. Trihey, and S. Crumley. 1984. An evaluation of chum
and sockeye salmon spawning habitat in sloughs and side channels of
the middle Susitna River. Chapter 7 in: C.C. Estes, and D.S.
Vincent-Lang, editors. Aquatic habitat and instream flow
i nvesti gations, May-October 1983. Sus itna Hydro Aquati c Studies.
Report No.3. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #1936.
Three sloughs (BA, 9, and 21) and four side channels (10, lower 11,
upper 11 and 21) in the middle reach of the Susitna River were
evaluated using an Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM)
physical habitat simulation (PHABSIM) modelling approach to evaluate
the effects that site flow and ma i nstem discharge have on chum
(Oncorhynchus ketal and sockeye (0. nerka) salmon spawning habitat
conditions on---ulese sloughs ana sl"Cfe""channels are thought to
represent the range of spawning habitat conditions that are present
in the sloughs and side channels of the middle Susitna River which
currently support a majority of chum and sockeye salmon spawning in
these habitat types.
Ten hydraulic simulation models were calibrated to simulate depths
and velocities associated with a range of site specific flows at
these seven modelling study sites. Comparisons between
corresponding sets of simulated and measured depths and velocities
indicate that the calibrated models provide reliable estimates of
depths and velocities within their recommended calibration ranges.
Habitat suitability criteria for chum and sockeye salmon spawning
for the habitat variables of depth, velocity, substrate, and
upwelling were developed for input into a habitat simulation model.
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21g The suitability criteria developed for chum salmon spawning were
Cant. based on an analysis of utilization data as modified using limited
preference data, literature information, and the opinion of project
biologists familiar with middle $usitna River chum salmon stocks.
The spawning suitability criteria constructed for sockeye salmon
were developed using the same analytical approach used in the chum
salmon analysis with the exception that no analysis of preference
could be made.
Using a habitat simulation model (HA8TAT), the output of hydraulic
simulation models and the spawning habitat suitability criteria were
linked to project usable area of chum and sockeye salmon spawning
habitat (WUA) as a function of flow for each of the seven modelled
study sites. Using these relationships and relationships between
site flows and mainstem discharge presented in Chapter 1 of this
report, the relationships between chum and sockeye salmon spawning
habitat as a function of mainstem discharge for the period of
controlled site flows were also determined for each modelled study
site. These projections of chum and sockeye spawning WUA made at
study sites indicate that spawning habitat usability in sloughs and
side channels exhibits certain species-specific and site-specific
trends. Generally, projections of WUA at study sites peak in the
range mainstem discharges from 20,000 to 35,000 cfs, with the
controlling factor appearing to be the overtopping of the site by
mainstem discharge and the subsequent control of the site flow by
mainstem discharge. Assuming that the modelled sloughs and side
channels are representative of other non-modelled sloughs and side
channels in the middle reach which currently support spawning, the
theoretical maximum WUA for slough and side channel habitats in the
middle river reach would occur slightly after the mainstem discharge
overtops and controls the hydrau 1i cs at a maximum number of these
habitats. Based on a review of time series plots of WUA over time
of each study site, however, flows at study sites which currently
support chum and sockeye spawning are only infrequently controlled
by mainstem discharge. For this reason, the WUA at study sites
remains relatively low and stable during the period of peak spawning
activity (August through September), except during flood events.
There appears to be a general positive correlation between projected
WUA and habitat use at study sites.
21h Sandone, G., D.S. Vincent-Lang, and A. Hoffmann. 1984. Evaluation of
chum salmon spawning habitat in selected tributary mouth habitats on
the middle Susitna River. Chapter 8 in: C.C. Estes, and D.S.
Vincent-Lang, editors. Aquatic habitat and instream flow
investigations, May-October 1983. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies.
Report No.3. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #1937.
Two tributary mouths (Lane Creek and Fourth of July Creek) located
in the middle reach of the Susitna River were evaluated to determine
the influence that mainstem discharge has on the quantity and
quality of chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon spawning habitat. During
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21h the 1983 field season, chum salmon were observed spawning in the
Cant. clearwater plume of Fourth of July Creek, but not within the Lane
Creek mouth area. At each study site, the location and surface area
of available and usable chum salmon spawning habitat was determined.
Available habitat surface area was positively correlated to changes
in mainstem discharge at both tributary mouth study sites, whereas
usable chum salmon spawning habitat increased with increasing
mainstem discharge only at the Fourth of July Creek mouth area. The
surface area of usable chum salmon spawning habitat within the Lane
Creek mouth decreased as mainstem discharge increased. This
difference in usable surface area responses is likely related to the
different type of confluence area of each site. Lane Creek flows
directly into the mainstem while Fourth of July Creek empties into a
side channel. Spawning activity could not be observed beyond the
clearwater plume at the Fourth of July mouth area due to high
mainstem turbidities. Because of this, the importance of the
clearwater plume in determining the area of usable chum salmon
spawning habitat at tributary mouth habitats could not be
ascertained. If it is subsequently determined that chum salmon
spawning does take place outside of the clearwater plume area of
tributary mouths, the frequency distribution of spawning depths and
velocities reported herein is likely biased towards shallower and
slower waters.
21i Vincent-Lang, 0.5 .• A. Hoffmann. A.E. Bingham, and C.C. Estes. 1984.
Habitat suitability criteria for chinook. coho, and pink salmon
spawning in tributaries of the middle Susitna River. Chapter 9 in:
C.C. Estes. and. 0.5. Vincent-Lang, editors. Aquatic habitat and
instream flow investigations. May-October 1983. Susitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies. Report No.3. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #1938.
Utilization data for the habitat variables of depth. velocity. and
substrate composition were collected at chinook (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha) salmon spawning sites in selected tributaries of the
middle reach of the Susitna River. These data were modified using
statistical methods and the professional judgements of project
biologists familiar with Susitna River chinook salmon stocks to
develop suitability criteria for chinook salmon spawning in
tributaries of the middle Susitna River. These criteria show that
depths ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 feet; mean water column velocities
ranging from 0.3 to 4.5 feet/second; and. substrates ranging from
small gravels to cobbles are suitable for chinook salmon spawning in
these habitats. Suitability criteria were also developed for coho
(0. kisutch) and pink (0. gorbuscha) salmon spawning in tributaries
aT the middle Susitna-River based on literature information as
modified using the professional judgements of project biologists
familiar with Susitna River coho and pink salmon stocks. These
criteria show that depths ranging from 0.3 to 4.0 feet; mean water
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21; column velocities ranging from 0.1 to 4.0 feet/second; and,
Cont. substrates ranging from sand intermixed with small gravels to large
rubbles are suitable for pink salmon spawning in these habitats.
The criteria developed for coho salmon spawning in these habitats
show the range of depths from 0.3 to 4.0 feet; mean water column
velocities from 0.1 to 4.0 feet/second; and, substrates from sand
intermixed with small gravel to large rubbles are suitable for
spawning in tributaries of the middle Susitna River. Suggested
applications and limitations of these suitability criteria are
discussed.
21j Sandone, G., and C.C. Estes. 1984. Evaluations of the effectiveness of
applying infrared imagery techniques to detect upwell ing ground
water. Chapter 10 in: C.C. Estes, and D.S. Vincent-Lang, editors.
Aquatic habitat and instream flow investigations, May-October 1983.
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.3. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #1939.
Studies by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Susitna
Hydroelectric Aquatic Studies Team suggest that upwelling ground
water is one of the principal variables influencing the suitability
of habitat for chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon spawning in the
middle reach of the Susitna River (AD~1983). Three infrared heat
sensing devices (Hughes Probeye, Xedar Pyroscan, and AGA
Thermovision) were tested to evaluate the feasibility of using
infrared thermal imagery as a remote sensing technique for detectin§
and quantifying the amount of upwelling ground water in slough
habitats of the Susitna River. Results of these investigations
indicate that the application of infrared heat sensing devices for
locating upwelling is contingent on a host of environmental
conditions and the level of detail desired. Areas of upwelling
ground water and their relative magnitude were identified using
these techniques; however, some areas known to have upwelling based
on ground truthing surveys were not detected. This inconsistency is
due to the wi de va ri ety 0 f env i ronmenta 1 cond itions that occu r
within the Susitna River combined with the physical limitations of
the technology. For these reasons, it is doubtful whether this
technique can be appl ied on a large scale for the detection and
quantification of upwelling areas.
22 Schmidt, D.C., C.C. Estes, D.L. Crawford, and D.S. Vincent-lang, editors.
1984. Access and transmission corridor aquatic investigations
(May-October 1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Report No.4
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#2049.
This report consists of two parts. Part 1 provides information
collected during the open water field season on the aquatic habitat
and fish resources within the proposed access and transmission
corri dors for the Sus itna Hydroe 1ectri c Proj ect. Part 2 ana 1yzes
the potential effect of an expended sport fishery on Arctic grayling
(Thymallus arcticus) in tributaries of the upper Susitna basin.
-37
22
RTS No.
Cont.
880509
Sautner. J.S .• and M.E. Stratton. 1984. Access and transmission
. corridor studies. Part 1 in: D.C. Schmidt. C.C. Estes, D.L.
Crawford, and 0.5. Vincent-Lang. editors. Access and
transmission corridor aquatic investigations (July-October
1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies, Anchorage, Alaska.
Construction of the proposed access and transmission corridors
(ATC) associated with the development of the Susitna
Hydroelectric Project may affect the aquatic habitat and fish
resources along these routes. Studies were conducted by the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game during a portion of the 1983
open water field season to provide information on the aquatic
habitat and fish resources within the proposed corridors to
enable project participants to assess potential impacts on
these resources from construction activities. Forty-two
proposed stream crossing sites and ten lake habitats were
sampled within the ATC study area. Three study reaches of
Deadman Creek, which closely parallels the ATC, were also
sampled. A total of 13 fish species were found to inhabit the
streams and lakes within the ATC study area. Arctic grayling
(Thymallus arcticus), Dolly Varden (Salvel inus malma), and lake
trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were the major sporr-fish species
identified within these habitats. General water quality
(dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, and water temperature),
discharge, and substrate data were collected at stream crossing
study sites. Selected physical and chemical data were
collected in Deadman Lake. Population estimates were generated
for Arctic grayl ing within the three study reaches of Deadman
~,
Creek. Among the impacts which could result from development
of the ATC, the increase in sport fishing pressure, due to the
increased access to the area, may have the greatest effect on
various sport fish species within the study area. The increase
in sport fishing pressure may result in reduced number and
sizes of fish species such as Arctic grayling, Dolly Varden,
and lake trout. Other impacts which may occur at proposed
stream crossing sites include alterations of stream hydraulics,
deterioration of water qual ity, and removal or shifting of
substrates.
Schmidt, D.C., and M.E. Stratton. 1984. Population dynamics of
Arctic grayling in the upper Susitna Basin. Part 2 in: D.C.
Schmidt, C.C. Estes, D.L. Crawford, and D.S. Vincent-Lang,
editors. Access and transmission corridor aquatic
investigations (July-October 1983). Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studies, Anchorage, Alaska.
The effects of an anticipated sport fishery for Arctic grayling
(Thymallus arcticus) on the tributary streams of the upper
Susitna basin are examined by modelling the effects of
hypothetical harvest. The increased levels of mortality
created by a sport fi shery cause a rapi d shi ft in the age
structure and consequently the size of the fish caught. To
-38
880509
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22
Cont.
maintain a "trophy" fishery on a sustained yield basis, a catch
and release fishery appears to be warranted. Under the
assumptions of the model, the total number of all fish caught
is not substantially reduced with comparatively high levels of
fishing. Possible explanations of the differences in
population structures of the Deadman Creek drainage and the
impoundment tributaries are discussed.
23 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1985. Adult Anadromous
Studies Procedures Manual (June 1984 -June 1985). Draft. Susitna
Hydro Aquatic Studies Program. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska (Unpublished report). APA Document #*?*.
Technical procedures and data procedures used by Adult Anadromous
Studi es personnel duri ng the peri od June 1984 -June 1985 of the
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Program are detailed.
An Adult Anadromous Studies procedures manual was not actually
produced. Instead objectives and procedures for the period June
1984 -June 1985 were extracted from Barrett, et a 1, 1985, ADF&G
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Report No.6; APA Document #2748, RTS
#29.
24 Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1985. Resident and Juvenile
Anadromous Studies Procedures Manual (May 1984 -April 1985).
Draft. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Program. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska (Unpublished report). APA Document
#3014.
Technical procedures and data procedures used by the Resident and
Juvenile Anadromous Studies personnel during the period May 1984
April 1985 of the Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Program are detailed
here.
24a Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1985. Aquatic Habitat and
Instream Flow Studies Procedures Manual (May 1984 Apri 1 1985).
Draft. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Program. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska (Unpublished report). APA Document
#*?*.
Technical procedures and data procedures used by the Aquatic Habitat
and Instream Flow Studies personnel during the period May 1984
April 1985 of the Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Program are detailed
here.
25 Keklak, T., and T. Quane. 1985. Continuous water temperature
investigations. Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Task 32 Support
Technical Report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document # ?
Surface water temperatures were collected at 15 mainstem and 8
tributary sites on the Susitna River during the 1984 open water
season. Continuous recordings were made with either Peabody-Ryan
-39
880509
RTS No.
25
Cont.
model
recor
used
J-90 temperature recorders,
ders. Data is presented in
by the Arctic Environmental
or
tables and
and
Omnidata two channel
plots. The data
Information Data Center
datapod
will be
(AEIDC)
in a temperature modelling study.
26 Estes, C.C., J. Sautner, and D.S. Vincent-Lang, editors. 1985. Winter
aquatic investigations, September 1983-May 1984 (2 volumes).
Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Report No.5. Alaska Department
of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #2658 and 2659.
Report No. 5 provides results of the 1983-84 winter studies
conducted by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to evaluate and
compare existing chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon incubation
conditions in selected slough, side channe~ributary, and mainstem
habitats of the Susitna River between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon (RM
98-152). The types of data presented include development and
survival data for chum salmon embryos, surface and intragravel water
quality data (pH, conductivity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen),
and substrate composition data. The report is bound in two volumes.
Volume 1 presents an evaluation of the incubation life phase of chum
salmon in the middle Susitna River. Volume 2 presents an
independent evaluation of the surface and intragravel water
temperature conditions at incubation study sites as well as other
monitoring sites.
26a Vining, L.J., J.S. Blakely, and G.M. Freeman. 1985. An evaluation of
the incubation life-phase of chum salmon in the middle Susitna
River. Volume 1 in: C.C. Estes, J. Sautner, D.S. Vincent-Lang,
editors. Winter aquatic investigations (September 1983-May 1984).
Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Report No.5. Alaska Department
of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #2658.
An evaluation of the pattern of survival and development and chum
(Oncorhynchus ketal salmon embryos incubated in artificial redds in
slough, side channel, tributary. and mainstem habitats of the middle
Susitna River was conducted in conjunction with an assessment of the
currently available chum salmon incubation habi"tat conditions within
these habitat types. Chum salmon eggs obtained from local stocks
were artificially fertilized, placed within modified Whitlock-Vibert
Boxes (WVB's) and then implanted in artificial redds in the
streambed at selected study sites. At each of these sites. a
polyvinyl chloride standpipe was also installed to obtain
instantaneous intragravel water quality measurements of temperature,
dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity which were later correlated
to the percent survival of embryos (laO percent hatched) at each
site. In addition, representative substrate samples were obtained
at selected study sites using a modified McNeil substrate sampler to
cha racteri ze the subs tra te conditions present at i ncuba ti on study
sites.
The survival rates of embryos in slough, side channel and tributary
habitats were 17. 9, and 11 percent, respectively. Survival of
-40
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26a
Cant.
embryos in mainstem habitat was 19 percent but did not reflect the
effects of dewatering and freezing due to a difference in the method
of sHe 1ocati on. Thus, estimates of percent surv iva 1 for thi s
habitat type are probably higher than would be expected for natural
conditions.
The largest demonstrated cause of embryo mortality at study sites
was due to dewatering and subsequent freezing of the streambed.
Greater than 47 percent of the total number of WV8 I S used to
estimate survival became frozen. This effect was greatest in side
channels and least in sloughs, and was observed to be directly
related to the presence and quantity of upwell ing water. Areas
particularly vulnerable to the effects of dewatering and freezing
include large portions of side channel habitats as well as the mouth
areas of slough and tributary habitats which may lack sources of
upwelling water.
A quantitative analysis of the effect of each variable on survival
was hampered by the high embryo mortal ity due to dewatering and
subsequent freezing of substrate. When frozen embryos were removed
from the survival data base, no significant correlations were
obtained between measured water quality variables and percent
survival of embryos (p 0.5). However, the correlation between
dissolved oxygen (mg/l) and percent survival of embryos decreased to
zero at dissolved oxygen concentrations below 3.0 mg/l. The percent
survival of embryos was also correlated to the percent of fine
substrate particles ( 0.08 in. diameter) contained within WVB's.
Although there was no significant correlation, the percent survival
of embryos decreased to zero when the percent of fines exceeded 18
percent.
The rate of embryonic development at study sites was found to be
strongly influenced by the degree of upwelling present. Chum salmon
embryos which were fertilized on August 26,1983, and incubated in
an upwelling area in a side channel, reached the 100 percent hatch
in late December, whereas those incubated in a non-upwelling area in
the mainstem Susitna River experienced delayed development and did
not reach 100 percent hatch until mid-April. Therefore. the
presence of upwelling water in middle Susitna River habitats appears
to be a key component which maintains the integrity of chum salmon
incubation habitats by preventing substrate from dewatering and
freezing and by maintaining suitable incubation temperatures which
allow embryos to develop properly.
A comparison of the rates of in situ embryo development observed in
this study to those observed fn tlielaboratory study of Wangaard and
Burger (1983) was hampered by problems encountered with temperature
recorders installed at each site. Incomplete temperatures records
were obtained at study sites used to compare thermal unit
requirements for development. However, based on a quantitative
assessment of development data collected in these study sites and a
previous ADF&G study (ADF&G 1983), it is the opinion of the authors
-41
880509
RTS No.
26a that the predictive equation of Wangaard and Burger are an adequate
Cont. model to use in predicting rates of chum salmon development of the
middle Susitna River.
26b Keklak, T., and T. Quane. 1985. Appendix F: Winter temperature data.
Volume 2 in: C.C. Estes, J. Sautner, D.S. Vincent-Lang, editors.
Winter aquatic investigations (September 1983-May 1984). Susitna
Aquatic Studies Program. Report No.5. Alaska Department of Fish
and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #2659.
Surface and/or intragravel water temperature was monitored on a
continuous basis at 20 selected sites along the Susitna River
between Talkeetna and Devil Canyon during the 1983-84 winter field
season.
Sites were located at: LRX 9, LRX 29, LRX 57, slough 8A, 9, 10, 11,
and 21, side channel 10, 11, and 21, Fourth of July Creek, Deadhorse
Creek, Indian River, and mainstem Susitna at RM 136.1.
Similar surface water temperature patterns were exhibited at all
mainstem locations except LRX 9, site 3 where beginning in April,
temperatures were warmer and more variable than those at LRX 29 and
57. This was probably due to ground water upwelling.
Surface water temperatures generally decreased to approximately aoc
by October and rema i ned nea r 0° C through May when they began to
increase. Intragravel water temperatures at mainstem sites remained
stable through the winter until mid-May.
Temperatures were recorded at one mainstem site in support of the
chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) incubation study. Intragravel
temperatures averaged near OO"'f"Until mi d-April when they began to
lncrease. Ground water upwelling was not evident. Surface
temperatures during the period March 2-May 3 ranged from -O.l°C to
2.0°C. Temperatures recorded within side channel sites were often
dissimilar, reflecting the influences of various ground water
sources.
Surface water temperatures generally followed similar trends at all
slough sites except lower slough 8A. At that site, temperatures
were similar to those recorded in the mainstem. surface water
temperatures at other sites were generally warmer, ranging from
approximately 1°C to rc. Intragravel temperature trends varied,
reflecting different ground water sources.
Surface and intragravel temperatures measured at Fourth of July
Creek and Indian River followed a trend similar to the mainstem.
Temperatures were recorded at Deadhorse Creek in support of the
mitigation evaluation study. They remained near O°C through March
and then began to increase and daily fluctuations of up to 3.5°C
were observed.
-42
880509
f'-,,,,
RTS
27
28
29
No.
Quane, T., P. Morrow, and I. Queral. 1985. Hydro1ogical investigations
at selected lower Susitna River study sites. Susitna Aquatic
Studies Program. Task 36 Support Technical Report. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #2704.
This technical memorandum provides hydraulic data for May-October
1984 to be used in the Task 36 Lower River Instream Flow Incremental
Methodology (IFIM) rearing habitat modelling study. The
relationship of mainstem Susitna River discharge to side channel and
slough stage, stream flow, breaching and backwater conditions was
monitored. The data will be used to model changes in salmon rearing
habitat as a function of mainstem discharge.
Quane, T., P. Morrow, and T. Queral. 1985. Hydrological investigations
at selected lower Susitna River study sites. Susitna Aquatic
Studies Program. Task 14 Support Technical Report. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #2736.
This report provides hydraul ic data to support the Task 14 Lower
River Resident and Juvenile Habitat modelling study. In May-October
1984, 19 side channel and slough sites were evaluated for the
relationship of mainstem discharge to stream flow, stage, and
backwater. Rating curves were developed for six side channel sites.
Thalweg and cross section profiles were surveyed to describe channel
geometry at all sites. Mainstem discharge at USGS Sunshine Station
ranged from 6,000-104,000 cfs. Initial and controlling breaching
discharges were estimated for the study sites.
Barrett, B.M., F.M. Thompson, and S.N. Wick, editors. 1985. Adult
sa lmon investigati ons: May-October 1984. Sus i tna Aquati c Studies
Program. Report No.6. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #2748.
This report presents escapement estimates for the Susitna River for
chum (Oncorhynchus keta) , chinook (Q. tshawytscha), sockeye (Q.
nerka), pink (Q. gorbuscha), and coho (Q. kisutch) salmon.
Fishwheels were operated at four locations between the confluence of
the Chulitna River (RM 0.0) and Devil Canyon (RM 161.0). Fish were
tagged with Petersen discs or Floy FT-4 spaghetti tags to monitor
migration upstream. Samples from each location monitored age, sex,
fork length, and length of fish. A fishwheel and side scan sonar
were also operated at one location on the Yentna River. An
escapement of 5.4 million salmon into the Susitna was estimated
using the Petersen index.
Spawning surveys were performed by visual identification of spawning
pairs, redds, or incubating eggs. Spawning sites were mapped and
described by channel morphology, substrate, and ground water.
Escapement and spawning results and described by location and
species.
-43
880509
RTS No.
30a,b Schmidt, D.C., S.S. Hale, and D.L. Crawford, editors. 1985. Resident
and juvenile anadromous fish investigations (May-October 1984).
Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Report No.7 (2 Volumes: Parts
1-2 and Part 3). Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #2836 and 2837.
This report covers studies of juvenile salmon and resident species
of the Susitna River during the period May through October 1984. In
~1addition, some information is included on overwintering of resident
fi sh radi a-tagged in 1983. The majority of the effort duri ng the
1984 open water season was on the lower river (from the mouth to the
Chulitna River confluence). No studies were conducted above Devil
Canyon.
30a Roth, K.J., and M.E. Stratton. 1985. The migration and growth of
juvenile salmon in the Susitna River. Part 1 in: D.C.
Schmidt, S.S. Hale, and D.L. Crawford, editors. Resident and
juvenile anadromous fish investigations (May-October 1984).
Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Report No. 7 (Volume 1).
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA
Document #2836.
Studies of salmon spawning, embryo incubation, and juvenile
reari ng are all criti ca 1 in understanding the current 1He
history and habitat dynamics of salmon in the Susitna River.
However, the final measure of the value of a reach of river to
the freshwater life stages of salmon is the number and
condition of the fry which outmigrate from the reach to the
ocean. Baseline data on salmon outmigration have been
collected at Talkeetna Station (RM 103.0) for the past three
years. The data from 1982 and 1983 have shown that a
substantial number of chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho
(0. kisutch), and sockeye (0. nerka) fry outm;grate from the
mIddle river during their ffrst summer. Because the majority
of returning adults have spent at least one winter rearing in
freshwater, an important question was whether these age 0+ fish
overwintered in the lower river or had a low survival rate. To
help answer this question, outmigrant traps were also operated
near the mouth of the Susitna River (RM 22.4) during 1984.
Mark and recapture studies gave population estimates for chum
and sockeye fry (marked by coded wi re tags) in the Sus itna
River above Talkeetna Station (middle river) and for chinook
fry (marked by cold branding) in Indian River and other rearing
sites. The cold branding study also monitored outmigration
timing from Indian River and obtained estimates of juvenile
chinook residence time in mainstem rearing areas. The
Talkeetna River and Deshka River were intermittently sampled to
help explain the mainstem outmigrant trap data. A portion of
the age 0+ chinook fry apparently outmigrate from the middle
river upon reaching a critical size but a large number remain
to overwinter and then outmigrate during their second sUl11TIer.
~,Coho fry outmigrate at a wider range of lengths than chinook
fry so the cumulative biomass of coho fry lags behind the
cumulative numbers of individuals by one or two weeks. Age 0+
-44
8805C9
RTS No.
30a chinook and coho fry grow about 30 mm in length during the open
Cont. water season. Juvenile: sockeye salmon appear to seek out
lake-like rearing areas: at a size of about 50 rnm. The limited
amount of this habitat type in the middle river is the major
influence on their redistribution to the lower river. The
estimated 1984 middle river population size was about 300,000
for age 0+ sockeye and 2,040,000 for chum fry. Chum fry
rearing in the middle river demonstrated by their growth and by
analysis of stomach contents.
30a Hale, S.S. 1985. Time series analysis of discharge, turbidity, and
juvenile salmon outmigrationing the Susitna River, Alaska.
Appendix C of Part 1 in: D.C. Schmidt, S.S. Hale, and D.L.
Crawford, editors. Resident and juvenile anadromous fish
investigations (May-October 1984). Susitna Aquatic Studies
Program. Report No.7 (Volume 1). Alaska Department of Fish
and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #2836.
30a Suchanek, P.M., K.J. Kuntz, and J.P. McDonnell. 1985. The relative
abundance, distribution, and instream flow relationships of
juvenile salmon in the lower Susitna River. Part 2 in: D.C.
Schmi dt, S. S. Ha 1e, and D. L. Crawford, edi tors. Res i dent and
juvenile anadromous fish investigations (May-October 1984).
Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Report No. 7 (Volume 1).
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. APA
Document #2836.
Juvenile salmon abundance and distribution were studied in the
lower Susitna River (below the Chulitna River confluence) and
juvenile salmon rearing habitat was modelled at 20 sites within
the reach. Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), chum (Q. keta),
and sockeye (0. nerka) salmon juveniles made use of side
channels; however,-nTgn turbidity limited use of side channels
located in the Chulitna River plume. Coho salmon juveniles
were found primarily in tributary mouths; sockeye, chinook and
chum salmon also were present in these areas. Sloughs, whi ch
were limited in occurrence, were not used heavily by any of the
salmon species.
Both tributary mouths and side channel/slough sites were
modelled using one of two habitat models. At tributary mouths,
an increase in weighted usable area with a rise in mainstem
discharge resulted from the formation of backwater areas which
led to lower velocities and an expansion of the area and amount
of cover inundated. At side channels, chinook weighted usable
area increased after overtopping due to a gain in cover
suitability (turbidity), velocity, and area. The weighted
usable area response to a rise in mainstem discharge for
sockeye and chum salmon juveniles at side channels was also
usually positive. Habitat indices at side channels for
chinook, chum, and sockeye juveniles at mainstem discharges and
side channel flows above the overtopping discharge declined as
velocities became unsuitably-high. Weighted usable area for
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RTS No.
30a
Cont.
30a
30b
880509
these spectes did not always decline at high discharges,
however, be~at:lse-,of the compensating effect of a larger surface
area. '~_
Anderson, J., J. Bigler, and A.G. Hoffmann. 1985. Hydraulic models
for use in assessing the rearing habitat of juvenile salmon in
six side channels of the lower Susitna River. Appendix 0 of
Part 2 in: D.C. Schmidt, S.S. Hale, and D.L. Crawford,
editors. Resident and juvenile anadromous fish investigations
(May-October 1984). Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Report
No. 7 (Volume 1). Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #2836.
Six side channels (Island, Mainstem West Bank, Circular, Sauna,
Sunset, and Trapper Creek) in the lower reach of the Susitna
River were evaluated using an Instream Flow Incremental
Methodology (IFIM) physical habitat simulation (PHABSIM)
modelling approach to describe the effects that site flow and
mainstem discharge have on rearing juvenile salmon habitat.
These sites were thought to contain potential habitat for
rearing juvenile salmon and were chosen to range greatly in
size, shape, and overtopping discharge.
Six hydraulic simulation models (either IFG-2 or IFG-4) were
calibrated to simulate depths and velocities associated with a
range of site-specific flows at the six modelling study sites.
Comparisons between corresponding sites of simulated and
measured depths and velocities indicated that the models
provide reliable estimates of depths and velocities within
their recommended calibration ranges.
The recommended of ranges of mainstem Susitna River discharge
over which these models can hydraulically simulate the habitat
of rearing juvenile salmon are: Island Side Channel from
35,000 to 70,OOOcfs mainstem discharge; Mainstem West Bank Side
Channel from 18,000 to 48,000 cfs; Circular Side Channel from
36,000 to 63,000 cfs; Sauna Side Channel from 44,000 to 63,000
cfs; Sunset Side Channel from 32,000 to 67,000 cfs; and Trapper
Creek Side Channel from 20,000 to 66,000 cfs.
Sundet, R.L., and S.D. Pechek. 1985. Resident fish distribution
and life history in the Susitna River below Devil Canyon. Part
3 in: D.C. Schmidt, 5.5. Hale, and D.L. Crawford, editors.
Resident and juvenile anadromous fish investigations
(May-October 1984). Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Report
No. 7 (Volume 2). Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #2837.
Stud; es of res i dent fi sh were conducted in both the lower
(below Chulitna River confluence) and middle (Chulitna River
confluence to Devil Canyon) Susitna River in 1984. The primary
object;ves in the mi dd 1e ri ver were to determi ne the seasona 1
distribution, timing of spawning, and spawning areas of rainbow
-46
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30b
Cont.
-
31
trout (Salmo gairdneri).~artd~to monitor 13 index sites as part
of the 'TQ'iigterm monitorQ'tig'3effort. Most of the rainbow trout
data was col1ected by use of radio telemetry. Results showed
that rainbow trout are relatively few in numbers and that
spawning occurs at selected areas which are influenced by
lakes. Much of the rainbow trout population in the middle
river probably originates in lakes which drain into middle
river tributaries. Rainbow trout were abundant in lakes
located at the headwaters of Fourth of July Creek and in the
upper reaches of Portage Creek. Rainbow trout were also found
to use Portage Creek more extensively than previously thought.
Spawning occurred during the first week of June. All rainbow
trout moved out of tributaries by early October (probably
triggered by low fall discharges). and most overwintered in the
mainstem Susitna River slightly downstream (0.1-4.0 miles) of
the tributary where they were captured. Other middle river
studies suggest Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) overwinter
in the mainstem Susitna then ascend and spawn in tributaries in
late May. Arctic grayling also outmigrated from tributaries at
the same time as rainbow trout. Catch data at middle river
index sites in 1984 were similar to 1982 and 1983 findings.
Studies in the lower river reinforced the bel ief that some
humpback whitefi sh (Coreionus pi dschian) are anadromous. and
that rainbow trout and rctic gray'ing outmigrate from most
east side tributaries in September. Lower river studies also
found that burbot (lota lota) move into the Deshka River in
mid-September. ---
Hansen. T.F., and J.C. Richards. 1985. Availability of
invertebrate food sources for rearing juvenile chinook salmon
in turbid Susitna River habitats. Susitna Aquatic Studies
Program. Report No.8. Alaska Department of Fish and Game,
Anchorage. Alaska. APA Document #2846.
Benthic and drifting invertebrates were sampled from May
through October 1984 to evaluate available fish food resources
and the gain and loss of benthic invertebr~te habitat resulting
from changes in flow. Four side channel and side slough sites
were sampled at head and mid-section locations using drift nets
and modified Hess type samplers. Juvenile chinook
(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon were also sampled using
electrofishing techniques to correlate the available food
sources being utilized.
A total of 52 invertebrate taxa were identified in dri ft and
benthic samples. with Chironomidae being the dominant taxa.
The proportions of' numbers of invertebrates found in the
stomachs of juvenile chinook salmon were c.1osely correlated
with the proportions of invertebrates available in the drift.
Dri ft samples co 11 ected under breached condi ti ons i ndi cated
that invertebrates were being transported from the mainstem
into the side channels and side sloughs. The quantity of
-47
880509
RTS No.
31 drifti n9 tnVertelYr,ates in side channels and side sloughs under
Cont. unbreathed?266d~ti6ris was negligible compared to the drift
under brea-cfle-d"tondi ti ons when total drift was considered." ~-,~ ......\!"~: ~'\:::
Haeitat suitability criteria were developed and weighted usable
area was .estimated for invertebrates which were common to
drift, ;;;,tl~en'thos"~ and the diet of juvenile chinook salmon by
behavtoralt'ype (Le., burrower, swimmer, clinger, and
sprawler).The densities of each of the behavioral types
generally correlated with water velocity and substrate type.
Depth of water did not appear to be an important factor
influencing and density of organisms. Water velocities less
than 0.4 feet/second and substrates comprised of silts and
sands generally supported the highest mean densities of
burrowers which were made up primarily of Chironomidae. Rubble
~.\substrates with components of large gravel or cobble and water
velocities between 1.6 feet/second and 2.6 feet/second
generally supported the highest mean densities of swimmers and
clingers. Sprawlers did not appear to preferentially utilize
any particular substrate or water velocity.
Projected weighted usable area for each of the behavioral types
was clearly a function of mainstem discharge. The minimum
controlling mainstem discharge for each of the study sites
generally produced the greatest amount of burrower habitat
wei ghted usable a rea. The max imum amount of we i ghted usable
area for swimmer, cl inger, and sprawler habitat at all study
sites was (eached at a mainstem discharge above 25,000 cfs.
In conclusion, naturally fluctuating mainstem flows which
occasionally inundated sampling sites appeared to maintain a
diverse' benthi.cfauna' arid appeared to provide drifting food
organisms within sampling sites, thereby contributing to the
overall rearing.:potenHal of these sites for juvenile chinook
sal mo n• .,';, ," '
.~ <,~."~" ..... '.~~,
32 Hoffmann, A.G. 1985.S'uil1ri\ari.6'f s'almon fishery data for selected middle
Susitna River sfHii (t981-84'). 'Susitna Aquatic Studies Program.
Report No. 9. A.laska~'Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #2749.
~ i "( A
The fishery data,coHE!Cted~by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
on the Susitrfa C~t:Yer;fs'a'necessary component for use in evaluating
effects of v~ria':t',O,'~s '}Fn.: n.atural flow regimes on the 1ife history
cycles of t.hevaf'h'tls·-'species present. These data, used in
conjunction with(!ttte'°j\jdraulic data now available for the river,
provide the basis f:ot-:':;:~commending various flow regimes, mitigation
options, etc. for. .~he proposed hydroelectric development with
respect to the flsh~ri. This report indexes the fishery data
collected by a vai"i'ety~~6f ADF&G studies under one cover in order to
better facilitate this~process.
. .: :,-:)\: • t
-48
880509
RTS No.
33 Blakely, J.S., J.S. Sautner",-"j...",.!\.".RHrdqui.st, and N.E. Bradley. 1985.
Salmon passage validati:ol')':studl,es~,""CAugust-October 1984). Susitna
Aquatic Studies Program.:(.~)d<;t~,rt,dH,JTi,,,to Report No.3, Chapter 6.
Alaska Department of Fi sh 'and Ga:riie',Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document
#2854. -, ,
An interim evaluation of ,the: ~':f,fjaq:t'~ th'at mainstem discharge and
local flow have on passage cO,nditio'ns ,for adult salmon at selected
slough and side channel habitats of .the middle reach of the Susitna
River was previously presented in Sautner et al. (1984). Due to the
limited data available for this interim evaluation, the Passage
Validation Studies (PVS) were initiated during the 1984 open water
field season to collect additional physical and biological data to
re-evaluate the passage criteria and the local flow and mainstem
discharge values required for successful and unsuccessful salmon
passage within these habitats. In addition, the methodologies used
for the backwater and local flow analyses were revised to reflect
the additional data which were collected. Physical data collected
included channel cross section and thalweg profiles, substrate
assessments, and local flow measurements. Biological data consisted
of salmon passage criteria based on visual observations of adult
chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) movement in selected slough and side
channel habitats.
The salmon passage criteria previously presented in Sautner et al.
(1984) were re-evaluated and revised based on these data using a
modified analytical approach. The revised analysis resulted in the
development of a single set ;o( salmon passage criteria thresholds
for defining successful and unsuccessful passage conditions at study
sites. A total of 85 pa$sage.reaches were identified at slough and
side channel sites ,d~~i~g the 1984 PVS compared to 74 passage
reaches identified in "Sautner et al. (1984). Using the revised
criteria thresholds asau.ideltnes, a re-evaluation of the breaching,
" .,;::. ,'"backwater, and local ,;~fJow ,pt".a:l yses for these passage reaches
indicates that mafnstem ~f;:'scharge and local flow requirements for
successful and unsuccessful passage are similar to values previously
established. The. mlis~T.i,#:~~(H;ca~t differences oc~urred i~ the
backwater analyS1;s n01". some' sltes, where requlred malnstem
discharges decreased ove~·;,';t.090 cfs'. Water depth was determined to
be the primary physjca1, v~r0iiable a,ffecting passage conditions at
passage reaches; passage conditions were not greatly affected by
changes in passage;,>r~a~14,;)~Vgth. Variations in channel
configuration and subs,tra!te:~'}~iZ:e )Here assumed to have a negligible
,.< .,. t . .,-,"';'
influence an the sa 1m,on ?;:'AA~'$~e criteri a. The revi sed passage
criteria thresholds are',:b'~~'ij'1i"'on,.an upper thalweg depth of 0.5 feet
thereby voiding all Pl7'~~O'~~"a:na]yses that uti 1ized 0.67 feet as the
.-upper 1i mit of tha 1weg:.~£h;.';· ~" .... ~ ....) ,
"':';'1~1 ,-,c,
34 Keklak, Theresa, and Tommy'/:W~j;hr.bw. 1985. Tasks 29 and 37 support
technical report: cotdJn~oijs water temperature investigations.
Alaska Department of",F1,sh and Game, Susitna Aquatic Studies,
Anchorage, Alaska. APA~Dbcument #2867.
-49
880509
~.
RTS No.
34 Surface an'd,'; frtN'9r'.a~:eh water temperatures were recorded on a
Cant. continuousba:s·~'tt a:t'~H3 \s:elected tributary, slough, side channel, and
mainstem~ lotatJiOtfS ~;TbS'llI.pport of Tasks 29 and 37. This technical
report presenCtS",:a; .sUnlma~y of the data collection methods and the
findings ofttl·e9~e,·t.'"emperature investigations from October 1984
through April 1985. The 18 temperature sites were selected by task
29 and 37 personnel to meet specific task objectives.
~-:. '. ~ ( .. ~. r ,.
The tributary' dat,a:~conection included sites at lane Creek, Fourth
of July Creek, and"Indian River. The slough sites include Bushrod
Slough CRM c1.39,O), Curry Slough (RM 119.7), and Slough 10 (RM
115.0). Side channel sites included Mainstem 2 (RM 115.0), Upper
Side Channel 11 (RM 136.0), and Upper Side Channel 21 (RM 141.6).
The mainstem ~ites were located at river miles 117.9, 118.9, 127.1,
129.8, 131.3, 13~.9; 137.5, and 139.0.
Refer to the-Task 28 and 37 summary reports for the criteri a used to
select'these·stu,dy sites. No conclusions were drawn in this report.
The data is summarized in the narrative, tables, and graphs.
35 Seagren,O.R., a'nd'R.G. Wilkey. 1985. Preliminary evaluations of
potential fishm;ttgation sites in the middle Susitna River.
~,Susitna AquaticStudies Program. Report No. 10. Alaska Department
of Fish an,d Game, Ancho,rage, Alaska. APA Document 2908.
'Thi s report ;'S one ,of ,a:" series of reports prepared for the Alaska
Power Authority" (:A!RA) by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
(ADF&G) . to';' p~ovide' information to be used in evaluating the
feas ib11 i tj "of, 'the., p't'JGlposed" Su s itna Hydroe 1ectri c Project. The
ADF&G Susitna River Aquatic Studies Program was initiated in
November 1980. <, "O' :'~('"
The studies de:schibed 7in "·ttlis, report were conducted ;n support of
mi t i ga t i on p1atl111'n9' c, be-iTlg" ;done by ENTR I X, Inc., the pr i rna ry
miti gati on con'tractof'~ "1iI':!:h (~report i ncl udes studi es conducted from
July 1984 through Apr~l 1985. in the middle reach of the Susitna
River from Talkeetna (RM 98.0) to the mouth 'of Devil Canyon (RM
150.0). Thes:t'Udy eJ<iami'!I1edge:neral habitat characteristics during
the open-water's~e'aso~n alwd1'sHe'specific incubation conditions during
the ice-covered s~~~O~~3 . {,
r S ,:"" £: "1, ~v: -:,'1, , ~
The open-water study examined general habitat characteristics
(surface wate;~::,:qr~lcir:~ substrate, upwelling, passage, temperature,
salmon spawni:ngfl:::etti.£)t OfE,:44 slough and side channel sites in order
to evaluate: tli€fr ~tent';al to mitigate for adverse effects to
salmon spavihirtg a'Fi'diQine6bation, habitats as a result of the proposed
hydroe 1ectri C' l..project';r Wt1:e ice-covered study exami ned i ncuba ti on
conditions' (s:lI'rf/~' a~rtd'l:::intragravel water quality and temperature,
and substrate comp"o'$'i;:iti~n)in these sites to further determine their
suitability as ,J>pd!t~l1th:'l (mitigation sites. Each site studies
exhibited genera'1 cO'l1dtHo'fls (passage, substrate, etc.) that were
similar to those found in other sites that proved to be limiting to
salmon spawning.
-50
880509
RTS No.
35 The combined data ,from th:elSe".o~:nr-wat;er, and ice-covered studies will
Cont. be used by ENTRIX t In.c.i~tri 3:lel:p"d~t;e{rni,n.e ,the suitability of habitat
types (side slough t r :u:p,lan1li 2S11:QtI;9!t( side channe1l and habitat
modification methods fOY"::mii:ti g,atjj:ln,. ;qJ adverse impacts to sa lmon
spawning and incubation"er1Vir:o:nments ,as, ;.a resul t of the proposed
hydroelectric development;.,. .;
.~ <,-, "~• ..., ~ c ''; ~:, -~ t
36 Seagren, D.R. t and R.G. Wilkey. 1985b. Summary of water temperature and
substrate data from seTe-cte-dsalm.or spawning and groundwater
upwelling sites in thet,middle .Su.~itna River. Susitna Aquatic
Studies Program .. Technical Data Report No. 12. Alaska Department
of Fish and Gamet-Anchorage, Ales*a~, APA Document #2913.
This report is one of a serie;$.":of rel30rts prepared for the Alaska
Power Authority (APA) by the A:l,ask? Department of Fish and Game
(ADF&G) to provide information to be used in evaluating the
feasibility of the proposed Susftpa Hydroelectric Project. The
ADF&G Susitna River Aquatic "'Stl;ldies, Program was initiated in
November 1980.,.
The s tudi es descri bed in this :repor)t were conducted in support of
mitigation planning being~"done.by ENTRIX t Inc. t the primary
mitigation contractor. This repGr~£includes studies conducted from
July 1984 through May 1985 in t~;e )01idE1le reach of the Susitna River
from Talkeetna (RM 98.0) to the mouth of Devil Canyon (RM 150.0).
The study examined:: ,ge;nera12,ryabitat characteristics at selected
salmon spawni ng.' and : grotindwater·(·. ·upwe11 ing sites duri n9 the
open-water season "and'sHe :spe~,i.fic surface and intragravel water
temperatures and S~'IJ~t~ate con~iti ons duri ng the ice-covered season.
". ,-,' ~." ~"';
The combined data from these open-water and ice-covered studies will
be used by ENTRIX, Inc. to assist in determining the suitability of
side channel and' 'mainstemc si.t~s as replacement salmon spawning
habitats to mitigate for adv~r~~! impacts to present salmon spawning
and incubation ~habltafs as ,'a, r·esult of the proposed hydroelectric
development. cr: J • f"f::'." , ',"
~ ,:' \1f.;' s;~lj '0:"" ,. ,
37 Bigler, Jeff t and, "K:im Le!1es~ue. i:1985 .. ,Lower Susitna River preliminary
Chum Sa 1mon~"spawni n·g;. >h-aboitata,ssessment • Draft technical
memorandum. Alaska Depa'r)t!B.~J'lt·of:;;,Fish and Gamet Susitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies t Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #*?*.
f,Q V~'\~.i~ .<
Th is draft techn icaJ rne'mdr;'~j1,<1u;,::. de seri bes methods and presen ts
habitat and biolo!f~.ca'~r diat-:a",cqllected, at six side channels of the
lower Susitna River:; 1~tltQ:j11,tl'iei:· TaJkeetna River to the Kashwitna
River) during tl'ie,.,laB~luopel'!, ;jIate,r field season. IFG modeling
techniques were ()5~d t~>~'fal~ate rearing habitat for juvenile
salmon. It is noted "th:::art. ~xpe_ctedly high numbers of mainstem and
side channel spawnirt:g:':,c!1ulll,,:salmon were found. A preliminary
baseline evaluation ,@.f~rt:h-e::<]newly discovered spawning habitat was
conducted. tiThe o'bjl!ct:t.ve pl, this prel im;nary assessment is to
-51
37
880509
RTS No.
~\evaluate'se:t~c:t'et};ttla"Se:1iirne'J1;abi~at conditions and their relationship
Cant. to mainste'nf d~:a:l"g'ettd 2Q-e::termi{ne if further studies are required
to asses~s~"t.he<c!i.t:t'SJO't'iW;:~.;project flows in these habitats."
The repo'rt'::;,t:onC1:lides'd'that '\several of the physical variables
evaluatedmaY;'ee-:'niti~'h:":to"avai1aMlityof spawning habitat and to
the~,viabi1i.tY)r6f.io'Gaba'ti:·ng"dlUmSalmon embryos deposited in these
habita'tlS'."( ',\The;r:e'!'tX-r't,sltates" that the study sites with the hi gher
mainstemcr1scha'rges ,prolYil!led mo;re,WUA (weighted useable area) for
chum 5a:lmo:n~ spawn in'g-:thal''1:'> -,thos.€wi th lower rna i nstem contro 11 i ng
discharges'; ~'Groumlwater i's""np1;ed to be a critical factor in embryo
overwintering' success. The ~amount of groundwater varied with
mainstem stage'. 'Upwelling is noted, as important for embryo
surviva1 :" "Wate:rr).temperature ,did not seem to pose a threat to
incubating embryos at any of the study sites as long as sufficient
groundwater upwelling was present. 11 The conclusion section notes
that signHica:nt="numbers of chum, chinook, coho, and sockeye salmon
utilize-main,st'em"arld side chanl1elhabitats for overwintering.
37a Alaska Department of'Hsh'!and Game,(ADE&G)~, 1985. FY 87 Plan of Study.
Proposal 'with, rel2,ommendations for $pdng 1988. Alaska Department of
Fish,·;aoo, Ga:ml:f;, vtl:ndnorage" Al~ska. APA Document #*?*.
Includes'p'r'esentatiunsmade, ..dur,ing a three day project review to a
reI/few team~' 'cmnp'osed,' 'of" AOF&G regional supervisors and
biometr,icians. : Thi;S"is''esse:-nti,ally the proposed FY 87 plan of study
for the ~,u.~ i'~na :'~~t:t,al~i\C,;~rtudi~,S,_ ",;, :.
Presentations' were made ,fer the following projects: lower river
salmon, escapement; middle river salmon escapement (Susitna River
adu It<sa 1rr[tln i, invest;f,:gat,Jj O)'lS'hr'-icmi ddte' ri vel'" outmi gran t eva 1ua t ion
(Sus itna River Jt1o'!en i:(Jie"~''Sa·}.mo~"fto!J:tmig'r,a t ion mon i tori ng); lower ri ve I'"
spawning hal)i-t'at'.r.'e'l,l'a'llX-a:?'M'o'fL s{rcrhum salmon spawning and passage
habitat asses,sl1'i'ertt: ;~t1rf:laW'6r?: river mainstem and side channel
habitats)!; 'm,n:fdlle",:;~r;re:~,e'fii"~''teS!id.en;t: Jfi,sh study; aquatic habitat
man itori ng ('aqua t; c h,al:li,1jat '.and'l,ns tr'etim flow i nves t i ga t ion s ); and
long term monitoring strategies' (for water qual ity and dissolved
gas', sonar;;,·eval'lia-.di;l'ri'~'2'l!'eS,3;dent",~\s-h, populations, and adult and
J"u ven,' 1e' 's'a' l,mAii-i\):", ","h,~ '-!"; «,i.; ... , ','., ~,~;, I~ ..IHv..It'1 • ~ .",' t 'it' .,~;" ,
( ... ~ J") ... ·.....~r~q ~,.• , '\~ f
37b A1as ka Depa rtme'rrt ';'Or'" fi;~~0'al'11il,": Game,: (AJ;lF.&G-) • 1985. An overy i ew of the
Susitna Aquatic StOd,es':"'Progra'm: '" Its' history and future direction.
Sus; tna Aqua:ti c .. 'SS:ttl'il~:5'; ;~staff t c Di vis ion, ,of Commerc i a 1 Fi she ri es .
Region II. Anchorage';'·AU.ska. APA Document #3502.
'I~ . f}7' ~"';:~t'"f};' .~ ~~s<' L! r ;;,:. "-.~, ~ '.,-r
Commi ssj'cYrierc t(ld;li:ti~l'Ith--fha:S' ~~eque;sted :that a briefing paper, which
provides 'a·tooc~;~F:~l/c~~i'O.fL;t:h.eS.usitna Aquatic Studies Program,
its hist;ory:>~'f~uro'r.'~'.0,fdi're~;tion;,'be-prepared to assist the
Depa rtmen't ' in' (f1't:s ,'i1:te'~1,ew'and:.t po Hey development regarding the
proposed Sus·,itria.iroj;dff.Cie:h:Hrk::development .., In accordance with this
request, tr~ fo 1'1 owing, di scussion of the Sus i tna Aquatic Studi es
Program is pre'se'~t~Gt:v"V'Em'!.·'disclissiondescribes the recent history
"'IS \ tj.''f"'' r '~',~_ ~
880509
RTS No.
37b of the project, itr~ ~rglf~1ror~~!~~~~-the Federal Energy Regulatory
Cont. COf11lli ssi on (FERctn i::CTelrs trrg :·gl"o.~.sr;5, Hs-', accomp lis hments , and the
projected future~·dtre'cti'on;irl1'~:;~pJ..~gram,-,.
It must be empna'sized;':'howelUeY'; ',:ifhi3i ·thj·s. paper outl ines only one
aspect of the Department's' ove~a.ll:·as~~qiation with the Susitna
hydroelectric developmer:ft .eYaluat;io~. 'fntegral to a more complete
understanding of the Department I s· fflnvolV:eJU~nt and responsibil ity for
a project with the magnitude :;;;and"':G"'Ol1'Ip lex ity of the Sus i tna Hydro
Project are thei ,significant" roles P~ilYi~d by the Division of Game
which has been?esponsibf.'e for a .majo'Y:':'PQrtion of the terrestrial
studies program ~and the Habitat, OivisiQrr, which has the regulatory
review responsibil ity for,! the project.··.,;:.}. I isting of significant
correspondence from whi ch"':, th i'$;:rdocumen:t! has been synthesi zed is
included as Attachment 3. .-.,.".,~":, c,,
38a Sundet, R.L. 1986. 'Winter resdede.ntr.' fish. distribution and habitat
s tudi es conduc teid in the Sus ltrid'.lhv·ef,!oe low Devil Canyon, 1984-85.
Part 1 of: ADF&G. Winter studies of resident and juvenile
anadromous fi sh (October' 'l984~May 1ge5:}. $:usitna AQuati c Studies
Program. Report No. 11 (Va·l:1tIme;'''lh~ "Ala~skaDepartment of Fish and
Game. Anchorage, A1a's ka: f Ai?rA~"DbCumen!t: #:3062".
This report is one of:,1Q, ser;e;s~;o,f;.:~eports ,prepared for the Alaska
Power Authority (APA) by ,the ,A 1as~a'~ Dep,.artment of Fish and Game
(ADF&G) to provtde"~i:nfcorma't:ion to ,be ,used in evaluating the
feasibility of the-·propose~L;Susi·tna.H,ydroelectric Project. The
ADF&G Susitna River A~uatic Studies Program was initiated in November
1980. ...,,, /"E'''' ''':1: ":f';~' ,';i:""
~ Jr'i:t--'."
38a Thi s report covers':wjn;ter?:,,~,·tiJdi,es'(RSA ,Task 34) conducted from
Cant. October 15. 1984ct~~'bl;/,g,h '<.-M~,y ",15, 19,85 on juvenile salmon and
res i dent fi sh s'pec;!€!:S"-e'n.' tlte Sl;f~ Hria ,R i ver. In add ition, some radi a
te 1emetry monitot'i:-rrg'~C!tta' l'S';';':~9:'$O ' i nc 1uded for res i dent fi sh tha t
were rad,'o tag:ge-f:!':"i'ri' ~Se:Pfrembe:r! :a-no' early October 1984. Thi s vol ume
is divided'(lnto'::two'·ila:r:t;S!~"·:,("i, ',. ~,; • _ _.~ ~ ,/ ~' .; _~, f, ."J.::? ~'':'? ~,,:,~, 1> <: 1::.1 _,
Part r pre's'ents'the'ril$'4'1'ts~l)ff<wllilte,r\ resident fish studies in both
the lower and middle 'r"iiver\:\MoOi~tQ~ing of. selected resident fish
movements through the tis:e~'er:"~a;dio'tags was continued. Efforts were
also made-'Ho: desc:r:1b-e'1fit'he?f1:)ver:wi.ntering habitat associated with
rainbow trout, bUrbot.":<a~Q;~"Arctjc .gr'"ayling. and to identify the
timing and locations<'0.fpcrol~ti:.(:f'~\',~!fiiwn'ing;,5n the lower river.
D (',E ~'..:)~ }~",~;~t,£-~:t·~~ ~.,c:,bi-_ ::/'--,Y;'" ~'-i~ ..
Part 2 discusses t~ 'Jtlv:enifle't't'i'inook and coho salmon studies during
the winter ,of '1984';...e:~::rif:i~'~flllfir~leo,r-iver. Findings from this study
using told b~rarfctin:~R1~~;..r-.a<t~tt:ture ,te<:hniques further define the
dis tri buti on and re'la't:ii~.'-atjijifCl'cll1ce 'Q'f. overwintering juven i1 e salmon
and generate site s~ec'f'lc~<t'.bpulat;on estimates and an estimate of
the number Of,,~juV'entle:ertiin~Q:k ,whi-ch ,:oyerwi nter in the mi ddl e reach •
. ~: 2 ~>"'(j>.~-fb""'"' f:?~:;~·c. ; -;-.
38b Stratton. M.E. 1986. 'Summary'.o'f'jli~ef1tle chinook and coho salmon winter
studies in the middle Susitna River, 1984-85. Part 2 of: ADF&G.
-53
880509
RTS No.
38b Wi nter:'shj'd'1'es ST6f )l"eS-i~erft';:and j uven i1 e anadromou s fi sh (October
Cont. 1984-May:i' (;Io'rH:?:d!985'lir,f,f$!t1sittla, 'Aquatic Studies Program. Report
No."Ii (v:afume'::'~'r.~:Hinas~a Oepa'rtment of Fish and Game, Anchorage,
Alaska. APA Document #3063.
This 'report:'rs' o'he~ of:'~,cseries of reports prepared for the Alaska
Po~~r, l\'Uth(irt:ty<!~APA'Y;~¥:: ,the' A.1aska Department of Fi sh and Game
{AQF&,M",,'to':~:p:ro\ii~:'>;:T(forma:ti"(jn' to be used in evaluating the
feas:tbflit)i2'.6'f the, ,proposed' SusAtna Hydroelectric Project. The
,ADF&G f<'S'usftri'a"River:"lAqaat1c,'Studies Program was initiated in
'November,' 19Bo~'n:~'" , 'C';":;':,, :
~~-~-. t ,~. .~~>~~ , ;;l
This. 'r'ep'nrt covers winter studies (RSA Task 34) conducted from
October: '15, ' I.gS4 'through May 15. 1985 on juvenil e salmon and
resident ffsn"'sp'eC'ieis' o:f the SU"sit'na River. In addition, some radio
telem,etry monit.oring data is also included for resident fish that
were ra:afo 'ifagg-ect 'in September and earlr October 1984. This report
'. has two parts, which were published in separate volumes.
... .. :.,. .' ~'; ) .. ~;........ ~ ; , ,r-.... " '" .._. , " •
Part.l. pr~:se!1ts' the 'results 'of winter resident fish studies in both
the'Yowe'r and" m;daT~: -river. Monitoring of selected resident fish
movements through, the use of radio tags was continued. Efforts were
also made to describe the overwintering habitat associated with
rainbo'w tr6td:'/~bl.rrbotr·; and 'Arctic grayl,ing, and to identify the
timing and locatio~s ofi5u:rbot ~p'awningin .the lower river •
., >... ~
,~ar:t '2 disc,uss'es' 'thEF)w.fl'l:t~r::<stud;e-s of juvenil e chinook and coho
'sa 1man thH i Were' cOfl~ucted fn, the" mi dd 1e ri ver. Find i ngs from th is
study defirt~ th~:;diStfi;,buH6n"aridtelative abundance of fish within
":'j'
S'~ecifi c ovef'wlnteri:fl9:S;~teS':i/::dOcumen·t 1imi ted movements of marked
fi sh ( betwee:n'dv~ifw;fTr''t:e~l~;:' g;f~€S, "and present i nformati on on fi sh
1engths over the ,:cofu:r,S:!i'ofi';;:fh',e:~t;tw'i:nter. Thi s r..eport also presents tjWc',"
mark-recaptlire"datS;i:w,n1:o1l' c:q:PF~..te' used to generate site specific
popu 1at i on esftfn.atEis';>~6;it,;i:j"tlvel'hFle.,:th i noo kL sa 1mon tha t overwi nter in
the mi dd1e ,~e:~,~ti~t~~,·..~~!~;~'~;~~itn\~~Rj Y~r.
39 Thompson, F: M. t;{\:'S':~'}'::W'¥tl¢;rit'an<!I'·-i;6:;~f~fi,$t;1"<a,tton,. 1986. Adu It sa 1man
i nves ti ga t~ ens:' May ...crc-tbO@-1985tJ;:" 'Su:s'1tna Hydro Aquatic Studies.
Report N.o_. 13. "Ahs~a,:';Departmehtof Fish and Game, Anchorage,
A1ask a. A:PA~Cp:6:e'ulli:eiri:Jt>'$":l0~::i ,>: 'tf't· '..~',
l ,.... ~ . ~ '1'_ '. ·~i'~·~;:.y.:;. ...r::.~>!' i ~. ' ~>' (.
This report concludes:ffi'l/-e"y~ars,of data collection on adult salmon
in the Susitna, RJ;:Y:er, Sijgwhcerrtrral A-laska, by the Susitna Aquatic
Studtes Team of thecAl ask-a Department of Fi sh and Game. These data
were c;q 1 rec~e,d),1l~-iQ;~;",a'Y't:'d'e"~"1J>l$e,ljne" ,i,nforma ti on ';n prepa rat;on for
propo,Sild' h'hyd'y4qelet:t'ri~et;3/(j~1{@;i;o-~!\1ent" on'the Sus i tna Ri ver at Watana
and 'Devir"CanJolf!;'~?S;:1~i's'!:':~'y.afri\?s" report is similar to the previous
years 'r'eport~;"t~'i:n(i.',:~ttir,hfa't·,.;;atR:I':" ·co-ntent.; Population estimates,
escapement timing;(\'t~-en:gt'h'., 'a.ge 'and 'sex ratio, and spawning
distribution informat';;on;';ifs,reported for all five species of Pacific
salmon utilizing ,ttr@H"{f:i'ver~; The fecundity of chinook and coho
salmon and egg retention of sockeye and chum salmon is also reported
to aid associated studies on juvenile salmon.
-54
880509
RTS No.
39 A different populahOf\f2~$tim~te2srnf5t~9dology, was affected this
Cant. season. In prevjotls'iyear~::l~~,~et~!f~~l'I.mqc;!~l for closed systems was
utilized. This:y,e,a;r.:,~!stl:l,atift~%rrI.J',w~n·model was used where the
design allowed. _,:; .t"":i,~lU'CC A~,qt»
As might have been,'exp~cted" tIle: spedfi",c"goalsof the program have
changed from year eta "xear, qdepe,n;cti,rig,,: 0[1 "t.h.e, amount of funding
available and the data'~",eede,d,to,-:meeL'withjft:year objectives. To
meet 1985 objectives-, ,F-lathornl Suns~ine_ ,,a,nd, Curry stations were
operated by SuSitna, :Aquatic "S:tu~fies :"s-taf~.; Yentna Station, a
Susitna Aquatic Studies camp from l:9?{'u,'p tj l, 19,84, was operated by
the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Commercial Fisheries
Division, Soldotna staff i,n 1985. Read~r,s interested in the data
collected from, Yent,na St9t:jem's"hQ:uf1dcorita,~t,the Soldotna office of
the Alaska Department of Fish dn,<l'Game: " ,'"
o ~.. ~_ '
The primary,'obdectives of th~ 198:5, Apul,t' Sa.lnlcln' Studies were:
. '''",~ ,~, r ~ -, ~ f ....,.,~ ;,. "",... ;.. .~
1. Estimate the escapements o'f chfriocik (O'ncorhynchus tshawytscha),
sockeye (0. nerka)."pin~."~O~ o;;r:puscha), chum (0. keta), and
coho (Q.-kfSi:i"tCF1) sa)JTI({n;;-:a t"s,at, .orn 'I~" Sunsh i ne ana Curry
stations. 0-,"1' 'i~ _ n' ,: ,-,,;;,,,,"
2. Evaluate the adult ~~'1mon mig.rati~na·i timing and travel rates
, between sampling-st.ation.s. ,0';" [\.,' ,.'
3. Using f:isjhwhee13·ca"teqe~, ~dno,n.i.:t,O-r the,a.ge. length and sex
compos H~ on of the·. aduH,,, s'4TmQ!L escapements at Fl athorn,
SUFfshjnfi!, ,~,~(,Qu;'ry ;st~t,10nF, 9l i ',.•
4. Determine the, reJ~~.i'f~,.il!JlilortagCe of.. mi,~d;1e.-river [Ri~er Mile
(RM) 98.6-,l~'LDJr:.malnc,h~AfJe.1, ,sl,ough aqd tnbutary hab1tats as
salmon s~aw'1;i,-ng~,re?-~., ",~", ',: '
~ . [,I" '~\'"t> ~:'" 5t . :;.,
Seconda ry,obj ec t i v.e§ ,i'f;1cJt.td erl s::' t·, r :' r.' :
'"\i ..: '~J . . i"' ;,.' ~:J -:... ~; "l" r """';" -. '. ~ ... ~b
1. Determine the'fe'c'undity of cnfnook'a'nd coho salmon at Sunshine
StatiP1il-:'? Jeg:unq.Jl-.ie~ d):fl s9ckeye •. pink r, alJd chum salmon were
eva:~liated:in pf'evi-QU:-S""Y;~-rs'_H,lldie~. ,
q ,. d, .'~"~""~. C ~_. f:.",~::;, ~,.. t·. ~ r '... ",::,'
2. Provide estimate?:<-,of.".e,gg;:-.r,et$-n~i){h fo~ sockeye and chum salmon
which spawn in midlle 'river" slough habitats.
rJ _ ,,~ ~ \ 'jl. , f ~\ r c ::: "; "'{ ': :~...
All objectives ,wer;:e';'ffl~~2, 'ir>\d'F £'('" , 7'.<
':::1 , ',. :'" .~' ~ f; A 2 :'..~. c: .'~~ ~ :-':".,.. ~r;;· ',.-."~ :., r
'c 40 Roth; K. J .• D. C.' Gray):, >J f.!~,. ,,~~er~~n i", _~~C. ('B ~ aney and J: P. MeDonn: 11 .
1986.ihe, migratH!l~h,~~d:,gf9~.tr;"Q~\\,JUV~.~,1}esalmon 1n the Susltna
River, 1985. ,'Susri::t,nai,;.~qtJat\c,;\$;tUdies "Ftrogram. Report No. 14.
Alaska Dep,artme-l:lt e;f"",FishA,and'Gal1le" Anchorage, Alaska. APA
Document #3413.: '-';--",c.'r "";",:,,,; ",'"
, " h ~,.[<. ...... \;' ..; .;.,. ,
0
880509
RTS No.
40 ' Thts '1t:8RQ"bt ~:~€nts)~he re.sults of the juvenile salmon outmigration
.. ,......". Cont.' , stlidte:s G;orn:!ucted ~on,;tn,e: SlJsitrja .River between Cook Inlet and Devil
Canyon dU:ring, 'tn€ c:i98?"jQPen':water season. Five Pacific salmon
species were studied: chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho (0.
hsu,tGh-}.._sockeye ..(2,., t:1 erka )". chum (Q. keta), and pink (~.
gorbuscha) .
• t~1 - • .;... ,", ( ~ . "", ~ ,-"t .,.:,,~' ': I,~,~. Th~ -m~th~ds: res\/l fs, an'd' a "discuss i on of the use of a stati onary
inclined plane outwigrant trap to de,fine juvenile salmon size,
migration timing, and 't-h,eirre.sPQnse to ":changing habitat conditions
in the Susitna River from-C60~ Inlet to Devil Canyon is presented.
Use of stationary traps, mobile traps, coded wire tagging, and cold
brand i ng is reported. Append ices A-E, res pect i 'Ie 1y, report
discharge, temperature, and turbidity; cold brand symbols, etc.; a
cold branding experiment; juvenile salmon catch data; and juvenile
salmon length and weight data.
Data pertaining to catch per unit effort, size, mark-and-recapture,
and population estimates are reported for chinook, coho, sockeye,
chum, and pink salmon by age class. A "Results and Discussion"
section is presented for each species. No separate conclusion
section is presented.
41 Cannon, R. 1986. Susitna River Aquatic Studies Review: Findings and
recommendations of the Susitna program review team. Division of
Commercial Fisheries. Susitna Aquatic Studies Program. Alaska ""'.
Department of Fish and Game. Anchorage, Alaska. APA Document #3501.
This report provides a discussion of the background and findings of
the 1985 Susitna Aquatic Studies program review which was held on
October 2 and 3 in Anchorage by the Alaska Department of Fish and
Game.
Commissioner Collinsworth in his June 18, 1985 memorandum
(Reorganization of the Susitna Aquatic Studies), assigned the
project coordinator of the Susitna Aquatic Studtes program under the
direction of the Commercial Fisheries Division regional supervisor,
Central Region, with the responsibility for planning and
coordinating all departmental salmon escapement activities on the
Susitna River. In addition, the coordinator was to administer the
contract between the Alaska Power Authority (APA) and the Division
of Commercial Fisheries. The coordinator was also instructed to
prepare a technical data report which summarized all salmon
escapement data collected to date for the Susitna River by the
combined efforts of the Divisions of Sport Fisheries and Commercial
Fisheries and was to coordinate a cooperative effort among the
fisheries divisions to ensure proper planning for future Susitna
River escapement studies.
In order to accomplish these tasks, the Division of Commercial
Fisheries has initiated the following: 1) staff orientation and
.,.. 1'""-:;..... -56
41
880509
RTS No.
coord ina ti o.~, ~a"c ttv.i,'(f'e;s ::' tlfor ~ 's:>ti:aff ja"s:s:~exf! to Susitna River
Cont. projects, t) ,t.h'e"~«r-t:p&'f~tioh0'b~t:11';:{l'CfJ ::SUsi,i1:.na sa1roon escapement
summary, and ,3)"ll"S\isHna"~rogriam r~'i/f~w-". ,l:i,"
.' ~"'"". r"':' ''"',c t~L;~.£ ~'~~\,<l' ?S:" ::;'::< _______________________~ :_~~ ~---;.~~~-2---~~~~~~----------_
f: ,"-,
This bibliograpl1y is storep. on IBM Oispl9.ywriter dTsket'te at:
.' ,:)"'tc:,;.: ..-'~ r~'.cr:-s, ';_'
Alaska Department ofFish and' Game ,,) ,~,,; Ut
Division of 'Sport Fishe:ries'IRT$ r -n": "' .. ,.
Anchorage, Alaska'99.51.g.9i'599 ir<';:::"c""OJ
...,; '. ,4 . t ....-... -,~ ; t"
i. '
.... :~r1,·,·"'l{f.:I'",,!~~j,,: ... ,
"":':j:) ''"L:;, >~-t
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~'..... (?," .j Et)r~,:,.;.;-·'
f... '; ~ " :.' '1 (-~' :
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:, "1 .:: b"" ~ b1;J:: :-\
!' )C1~··"'fni::~,. :-r,~:"· "'t:'
:. '1 I j t ;,
..",~\ • "I
", r ;::t 6," ,r {18~~~.t.
2;"'(O;:'~, ~'~';""" d"~
!<ey \"'Ords: Prel i mi nar·y ck aft 8{2.
abundance
·.:\c. cess
ace. e.~$ (::PI'Ti dor . , ...
aericU:,.,pttotogr:aph···.
a;ge <\J;{ ..
age adB gro~'llth
ag·e·±:t'ength relationship
Alaska
aljiid~-OffiOL\S fish
anest,f:l.esi a
.~h.g;~Lfig .. ····
c.old·branding <freeze
c.omtne?tLal fishery
.. c6rttiL~~ti,y.i ~y ·. · ·. -
controlling breaching
Coregonus laurettae
Coregonus pidschi~n
Ccrttl.t$ C(Dgnatus
cove.r.·.;' L.
CPtJE
bl~anding)
r.~.:
~--· ·· neai:lm:iin ··c;~eek .
r Pea.crm;~tt ·cak\i""
/ /V. G~ ... ·
b,J4+6 $~1{ /:~~~/-0:~:0.
, · ::'2' .~~.;m:~:;;~~[; ;.t~iltf~t::;,~ :;;~~~;, ~~·;:: .. -"'·:"·;:_:,-:,:::·c . . . . . • ~-'":~,;.;.;i'!::'c'·:;::i'i. .~ :.: ;~;:';c;;
.. .:.~. _:_ '
. Denal i,.Hi ghway
depth .. ·.·
{)evi 1 Canyt)n
Devil. Cr .. eek
.~d:iel activity.
;:diet ····
.• :. •DlHAB
:~~~;;_.:~~·i'Q~~. 9as stl1dy
.J~'l str<ttil.\t icin
i[)O
. Polly V.::\r·den
"dr:fft net
· Cll:ih:ition curve
~:~_gg re~,eo~~j:m
eg g s . . . .. .. _ ~-;:~~:~
:;t#1~-9tr;q,~hpt:k1k:fng <el ectrof i shi ng)
. ~l~Y.a~':i:;op b't ·:::erg f l:ow
··.· · : •. Ent:ospffi.ettLt$ ti':"i d~ntatus
.. ,,·'')f!~ffi.i;;~~ .· !~~~! s
fir.st· f:'t.lri • •· ,.:~.~~if~£*·Q·~~~ztc~~-iL· .
e~~": •ma:nagemen t :~~~=~-~~;:1< . . .
........... --:>.)-...';_ :;:."~-'·.r·-_:-·'-·--
~'·:f.'"''·f,.'lf~Y aJ?chor taggi.ng
" >~~;ig:~i-~~i~~ :~~~=atus
·'~·~&:~~~~eek··
gross sur·face are<='.
· ·:gr~owth
.,_•-habitat
. }~abT fat curve
~/pabi tat index
~· ... ';)~j~ii~iii ·;g:::: it y
:-..._.~_----'-
. · .... :
HABTAT
har·vest
t1at.chi ng
head
Humpback
hydr·aul i c
hydraulic
hydraulic
hyd1~o1 ab
1•Jhi tef ish
con t r"-o-1-
model
simulation mod2ling
ice covered season
i denti -f i cation
-IFG-·2
IFG-4
IFIM
impoundment
i nc:l i ned plane
-i nt:remental
----incubation
ini_tial br_~.;tC::hing: discharge
instantaneoUs sl.trvi val rate's
-instream f 1 ow
:rnstream Flow Incremental Meth6dology
·~··-i·'rfterpol·ate -~
intr-agr· avel
i nvet-tebrate
J.oty. Cr-eek
Joi~t Preference Factor
juvenile salmon
l<osi na Creek-
--Liake trout·--
Lam~etra japonica
length -
~"'-~~~11;7~~''a~rtgt:h'""--a.ge-: ,relations
---_l:ength frequency-composition
J'j.fe histor,;y data
Longnose sucker-·.·.:t:dta .1 eta)·;:,~> -__
_ __ -'i~di .. er rea~h'"'susitna
·; "aia:crohabi f~t-! -'' co-:~i-
mainstem \/:'•' -
Manning's N-,
mar-k-recovery
marking <tagging)
Maximum Grouped Value
microcomputer d~ta entry progr-ams
mi croha.b i tat
middle reach Susitna
migr·ation
Minimal Irregular Fluctuations
Minimal Peakedness
Minimal Sample Varience
modeling
models
mortality
' 1':.'".
.·. j,
c
(
(
(
( ..
r ~j
f.
\ .
l. :
movements (migration)
M~3·-<222
r"!e'tting
Ninespine stickleback
NCJy-·thei·-n pi kt=.·
On col~ h './1"1 c hu.s gt::.r·· bu. s:;c:: h~:1.
··~uncorT1yncrc,u-s ks~'ta~
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchus nerka
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
npen water season
Oshetna River
otoliths
outmig~-ation
overflow channel
Pac i ·f i c 1 ampn::~'{
passage
pa:;;sage depth
passage reach
Peakedness Index
Petet-sen disc
Petersen estimates-model
pH
PHABSII1
photc1per i od
Pink salmon
Platichthys stellatus
population estimat~
post ·-~:;;pawner-s
predation
prefer-ence
pre-spawning
w.projec:t datum .
'''"t=,-r.·o~!Jp~il.,ffi' ·'cyl :i.ndraC:eum
F'ungitiDs pungitius
t-adi o tag
.ra.dio. telemetry
Riinbow trout ..
!"ati ng curve
recaptures.
rect-ui tment
redds
relative abundance
representative reach
,~epn:Jduct ion
resident fish
Round whitefif-5h
Sa.ll ~/ t_ake
Sal mo qai r-dne1··· i
salmon escapement
Salvelinus malma
sampling method
sealE~ analysis
sealed fr:equency
•
(
c
(
(
(
Schnabel population estimate
Sc:ul p :i. n
seasonal effect (variation)
St"?c:ond l'"·un
SE·?r-endi pity
s~:;.>t net
sex determination
se:·: r·atios
sexual. development
side ch-::':l.nnel
side scan son.:H-
si de sl c>ugh
Slimy sculpin
sloughs
smolt
smol t <cutmi g1~ant) t1~ap
smoltific:ation
Sockeye salmon
spa~&Jners
spawning
spawning habitat
spawning habitat curve
species composition
sport fishery
staff g;;.,ge
stage
C stage-discharge r~lationship
(: _ ___; 8stt.,~ge offl zerdo f 1 ow
~ an~y oun er
· ~,:_~,tt¥::·~;:,;L~"'' )~,tQ,F~': s .:~ ....
-·· stream_crossing
streambed el ev.::iti on
( stn~am:f 1 o~o·J
,, ..
\::·~ ···-
·-streams
sub~istence fishery
SLtb?trate
sUbstrate clas~ification
suitabi 1 i ty c:;~i teri i?.
suitability index
~~upersatur·ati on
survival estimate
Susitna F:iver
synthetic dat2,
tag loss
T.:l.l keetna
temperature
Thaleichthys pacificus
thalweg
tt"lalt'>~eg pro;'ile
thermal infrared imagery
thermograph
Th~~espine stickleback
Thymallus arcticus
t i me se1r· i es
-ce
J
l
·I .I
j
l
l
·,1
(-~r...'')~~;r",timeseriesanalysistimingtl'''an~5ect:.t:l'-ap~;transmissioncorridortribut2Jrytribut-al'"ymouth'sTsusenaCreE'::!-=:tL!rbic:lityTycmeRivet-uplanc:1sloughupperreachSusitnaupwellingUSGSl"iater'/eal'-utili~:edutilizationcurveutilizationdat.2\velocityvelocityadjustmentfactorver-ificationver·ticalverticaldistributionWatanaCreekwater'-qualityI(.wa'cer--surfa.ce€~levatiory!,~)watersurfaceprofilemodel-watel--yearweightedusableareawettedsurfaceareawinteraquaticstudies:/··'!;~:'··WSEL;('8"t;(·,,;V,~'!iWSP,WUAyeal--classO~v~(~\0'J~~~~,L~.It--------::''==-'(ba:{'Ge~
;~:t~~r-~~~:~~~~ifj~;'-"'~."'-:.";.~:.......~.:.:....:",
E1s~oricI:formatiOD'H1g:a,tionalInvestigad.oll8'1a&rtnI'Fryand~capementInvestigaeionsCl1aatologicalObsenat1ons-.'"..C'J\-~:f.sCU8.1cm~S~%Y~;.~4cknow1edgDeDC'-.(j-J)-!lAGEiii-iiiivv1-33-88-308-1515-2525-2828-30,::.::':;..":-?::>"-:::-:::~-;30-343536-56liltf<ii.GrfT.ut!OFCO~E::rS1tasultsHater1alsandHethodsListofAppcd1zFiguresu:u:raduc~ionI.UtofAppenc!ixTables1.1S1:afFigmoes-,1.istafTablesAppendix_~';'_£~iG$VC'~\'~..,"'~.-:"0--~-,t..':'_.~.~-"~i.'.~:..:;.~.i '..-I:~..;-..eot:"L,-i,i~L.t~i,-...r!ii"I"I'i:f'i{1
TheSusitnaRiverwatershed,locatedinthenorthernSectoroftheC~okresourcescontributeamajorproportionoftheCook-Inletcommercialsal~onInletbasin,encompassesanareaexcaeding19,000squaremiles.Itsfisher;I~=.I~DITRODUCTION-J:jBhPr\'lt"@I)./IharvestandprovidearecreationalbaseofsportfishingforAnchorag;andt~eIsurroundingarea.TheSusitnaRiver,ofglacialorigi~intheAlaska=ange,isamigrationalcorridorforthefivespeciesofPacific~almonf:omDevilCanyonItoitspointofdischargeintoCookInlet('E'iS'.lraI).Thepri::J.aryspa"t.-ninga.ndrearingareasaretheclearwaterlakesandstreamsinthewate=shed.IAnticipatedpopulatondevelopmentinsouthcentralAlaskahasst~ulatedIinterestinharnessinghydrop~Je=~orelectricalenergy.TheCorpsofEngineershasproposedadamforDevilCanyonatasitelocatedapproximatelythreemilesI:~'.,-abovePortageCreek,thenorthernmostsalmonrearingandspaw~ingstreamoftheSusitnawatershed.Recentinfo~tionisoatavailableontheextentofsalmonutilizingtheSusitnaRiveranditstributariesbe~~eenDevil-CanyonandiesconfluencewithI·:..theChulitnaRiver.Fieldinvestiga.tionsconductedbytheFishandwildlifemationpertinenttowardassessingtheimpactofahydroelectriccompleXatDevilsiteand':heChulitnaRiver,aninventoryprogramwasini~iatedin1974-to.AnadromousspecieswerenotfoundtorangeaboveDevilCanyon.Toobtaininior-Servicein1956documentthepresenceof&almonintheSusit~aRiverandinfour/.//C~-~-)~/~'?J~<;)-1-1957ProgressReport,1956FieldInvestigationsDevi~CanyonDamsite,SusitnaRiverBasin.U.S.FishandWildlifeSerlice,Juneau,Alaska,15pp./"C.Ot-tributarystreamsbetweenGoldCreekandtheproposeddamsita(Anonymous,1957).Canyon,onanadromousfishhabitatintheupperSusit~aRiverbetween.theproposedAnonymousIIIII\IIf'-I
fJkf!IiL.JBItP.~~7~~),Palmer_..-c::()S~#/25m;1es~2-Dev;1Ca:'lyoninrefsl"enc!tothe'Sus;tnaRivel"watershedandnor:hernCockI 1;.0'1'Co·t10~4/ne_.eV1sanyon,.roJec.~/.,_+./c:...s.c.....s'~"~~~~!~~.._0KenaiCLtut~)-l~FigUre1,~It~~IIIrIIIr='~r.IrI
~Ot-(-#lj~ R~ry--r-())(,'0-deter.:Linespa,--ningdiscribucilJn,::'al.:ltiveabundance.mig~a::i.':lnal::i-::ling,=--::;,-r.~~'o;"-tativeage-l~ngt~-sexcompositionbyspecies,andjuvenilenurseryareas.Thefollowingreportisasummaryofthete~~niquesemployedandresultsobtainedduringthe1974fieldseasoncOll1I4lencingJuly1ande."'(tendingt:n-.:-oughSeptenber27.MATERL.1~SA.....1)M:ETIiODSAnaerialreconnaissanceofthes~Jdyarea~asconductedJune30thtoevaluatethephysic~lcharac~~cicsof~4iverptolocate?otentialfish-c~:._.\Oheelsitesandastreamsurveycamp.Constrlccionoft"Y"opor1:ablefishwhe·elsfortheprojec~commencedJuly1andextendedtoJuly18.Thefish"Y"beels~er~thet~opaddle-tvabasketdesign("Figure2)'.Thebasketframeswereconstruccadfromone-inchdiameterwaterpipeand.1ectric~1conduit.Eachbasket~as7.5feetlongand6feetwide.Thepaddleframesalsoconstructedfromwaterpipewerethesamedim~nsionsasthebaskets.Plywoodpanels,6.5feetinlengthformedthesur:aceareaofeach?addle.nerringseinewastiedoneachbasketandthefishchutes~ereconstructedofplywood.Thebasketsandpaddlesweresprocketedintoa9.3footlongsteelaxlewithbearings.Floatationwaspro-videdbystyrofoamlogsshieldedbyaplywoodcovering.Steelaxlemounts.whichwereadjustableinheight,permittedmaintenancechangesinthefishingdepthofthebaskets.Aliveboxwasattachedtotheriverbank;;ideofI~i-ll:hfishwheelforholdi~gfish.FishwheelswereoperatedfromJuly23throughSeptember11atsi:esontheSusitnaRive:.Onefishwheelwaslocatedadjacenttotheeastbankof::heriv~rapproximately5~i1esupstream:romthetownofoTalkeecna,Alaskaandasecondatasiteadjacenttothewestbankoftheriverapprox~ately2.3~ilesdC'-~s:=2aoofthefirst(Figure3).Bothfish~hee1swereoperatedonascheduled~Menty-Fishingeffortswere.notcontinuousduetostruc~ural("-'-./fourhouradaybasis.-3-Lr;;~s)L5J-t~JV:/
~arrett.J~rueeIn,IQ1SA..r.IJ....D...,"....#..JI.,\q!J!J;(('4flA ,.'\..-)'D~ce:"terInvesti;ationsont.iel!~"~!'~u":i~:1a~iva:-WatershedBetweenDevilC~nyonandChul~tn..:River.).AO~+t;~6\\l<tS-COt:\ 'mTRODUCTION7-...'.~.,/;~.;•'..All;:1-Cv/~1e/"n~-du...tfr.1\.A....-F~1~<j;-7r)'£,b-\e6~\~)C~InDeceuaberof1974theDivisionofCcmardalFisheries,contracted.byther:ationalr1arin~FisheriesService.co~encedaseries'jfl!lonthly\':int:rinvestigationsentieU~perSusitnaRiv~rbel~1C~v~l~ar.y~~.Previc~sin¥~st-i9ationsd~noted21re1ativly~ajorandminor$alr.~nsp~:ning~ndrearingslcughsadjoiningtheSu-sitna.River'bet.'!eenDevilCar-yonandt:leChulftnaRiv-er(Figure1).Ch~msalmonwerethepri~arvspawningspeciesandco~of~thedo:ninaterearingspecies•.Thepresenceofa~e0.0cohofryandtheabser:c:ofadultcohospawnersE)intheslou~hssU9~eststhatfryimmi9rate~inearlysprina,fr~~tiespa~~-ingstreamsto~heSusitnaRiverandentertheslol,;;:,sforrearing.Some'emigrationintotheSusitnaRiverwasobservedin~,elatefallof1974_.corresponding\'Iithpartial'slough·de':laterin~.Rearingf~mayinhcbitboththeSusitnaRiverandtheslou~hsdurinQ~inter~nt~s.Slou~hsvoidofadultsp~1ningpopulationsJrnaybeduetotheirincapabilitytobufferwinterconditions.Thewinterinvesti~ationsareintendedtoprovidequalativeinformationonfrydistributionandabundanceandwinterconditionsinthesloughsandintheSusitnaRiver.PROCEDURESThefirstsurveywasconductedduringthepericdofDecewber3-through6(''""'-.,,:,,:_7.fromafieldstationestablishedat!]oldCreek..Traveltotheslouqhs''las~chiev~dprimarilythrough~~euseoftwon'lintracksnbwv~~icles.Sloughs.-.t~atwereaccessibleweresa~~ledforD.O.,p~,relative~aterheig~t,icetJi';-cknessandcover,sno."de~t:i,temperatureandf10'.'1.mn~1trap~~Ci.e,d..~.withsallOOnroewerefishedin510uQhshavinl'1sufficient\":a-:erd~~th.-#1A...-...
,UNITED"STATES':;;:;;DEPARTMENTOF'THEINTERIOR,FISHANDWILDLIFESERVICEANCHORAGE,ALASKA,SOUTHCENTRALRAILBELTAREA:,- ,SUSITNA'RIVERBASIN"FISHANDWILDLIFESTUDIESRELATEDTO'THE''CORPSOF'ENGINEERSDEVILCANYON,WATANARESERVqIRHYDROELECTRICPROJECT~~«:~iOFrlt~.q;,;C...~'t:,~\~~•..*~.d*~.~.U~'~.'~,~,7-1..,'f~$IVDwn..o~\~STUDIESWERECONDUCTEDBYTHEALASKADEPARTMENT"OF,FISH~DGAMEUNDERACONTRACTAGREEMENTWITH'THEU.S.FISHANDWILDLIFESERVICEFEBRUARY1976c:::;;:;;:»,/.....I/JP-l11)CJc,-itSLJ1
8"SltSV'JAY.s.~IOVUIIO.(!:LC~s""j<;;C-OJ~~rtrb'1/)Dearr·lr.WatsoR:.~h·.GordonWat~onFishandWildlifeServiceu.s.DepnTtmentoftheInterior813IIStreeti\11I:horage,Alaska99501:~iT&V[@W~~~~~~/!.'.E'-ARTMENT«tilFISHAND6AME/3DIAS1fEIIf..,.January19,1976AllCHtJIAIEII5IItC'~(\~;,,~ContainedhereinarereportssubmittedbytheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGametofulfi11contractobligationstotheU.S.Fishand~?-p.\'Iill.1LifeServiceforstudie:5oftheproposeds.usitnaRiverhydmelectric~.\S~~proJect." \Thehiologicalstudiesattachedwereconductedbythree~eparat.Yc:.?-~tlivisiOllsofthlsagency,resultinginasogmentedreport.TheGame'~DivisionconductedstudiesofmooseandcaribouwithinandadjacenttothejmpoundmentarCH.TheCommercialFishDivisionstudledprimarilythe,mudrolllousfighpopulationsandaquatichabitatdownstreamoftheproposedimpoundmentsite,andtheSportFishDivisionconductedalimnological\_~~.~:udYsup~lementedwithfisheryinformationrorbothresidentandanadromOliS\~~.1shspecles.k:~\.ThefunimpactsofhydroelectricdevelopmentoftheSusitna,e.,Riverareasyetundetermined.Thepotentialimpactsdepictedineach0 .~thefishdivisionreporrsegmentsaren.otnecessarilyimpactsthisprojec~-willhave,butillustrateareasofbiologicalconcern.Asstatedpreviousl),inadequatefundingandtimehavebeenlimitingfactorsincarryingoutmorecxtcn~ivestudies.Wethinkthecollectivefinding~ofthesereportswillbevaluahleaspreliminarybaselinedataandasanaidinplanningfutureinvl.lstigations.IfImayheofn~sistanceinintc11'retin~orclarifyinganyofthl,)attachedstudyfindingsfeelfreetocontactrnc.f~~~\.J.i"9Ynurrtruly,LZ~1Jh~0>ri~A~. JHeckart.:----:--~"-'i.~I.aJry• hCoordinatorJ'l'f~Mgt-!{esearcP'sht~... . nofSport1.I...OlVIS101.1r--Attachments:VV~//
".",.----~,\~-..../PREAUTHORIZATIONASSESSMENTOFANADR8r10USFISHPOPULATIONSOFTHEUPPERSUSITNARIVERWATERSHEDINT!IEVICINITYOFTHEPROPOSEDDEVILCANYONHYDROELECTRICPROJECTc~.~.~";'1f5.v/c·····-··········,Jby:NancyV.Fr'iesp.FisheriesResearchBiologist~~'7)c-AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameDivisionofCommercialFisheriesAnchorage,AlaskaNovember,1975/J..~
..... ..... . ........ . . ......8v12222668c;s-te-3/Page.'iii. ..... ..... .. ............... .......~~?J). ... .. .... .....·...·.. .·. ..· . .... ....TABLEOFCONTENTS. .. . ... ... .. ... .. .... .. ... .. ...(rz,(~~~i:;alistofTables..listofFiguresIntroduction. • .DescriptionofStudyArea• • .MethodsofInvestigation.SamplingProceduresWinterSamplingSpringSamplingSUll1llerSamplingLaboratoryAnalyses.Results~._/~~,RearingFryandEscapementInvestigations.SusitnaRiverWinterSampling••••SusitnaRiverSummerandFallSurveys.. . ..· ....... ....QAdultInvestigationsEscapementSurveys• • • . •· . ...·. . ... . . .· ...... . .B161622• • • •29TalkeetnaandChulitnaRiverInvestigations. . . . • . • •.32ClimatologicalObservations•••.••••••••••'.'•.••3SDiscussionandSummary....•.•••••••.••••..••••.3SPotentia1ImpactsandReconlnendations· . . . • . . . . . . . . . . ..42AcknowledgementsliteratureCited........ .· ..... .... . ..• • • •48• • • •49Appendixes:IMapsofsloughsandclearwaterstreamsontheSusitna,TalkeetnaandChulitnaRivers..•••••••.••••••••••••50G~c-.o£~.1#J-A;I
-;0/r;S-t~/~ag~~_.M·..TABLEOFCONTENTS(cant.)Appendixes(cant.)IIEscapementsurveysofsloughsandtributarystreamsoftheSusitnaRivertributariesandTalkeetnaRiver.. • . . . . . . . . ...93fR-Lt<S<G'~lIIINotesonthemorecommonbenthicinvertebratesfoundintheSusitnaRivertributaries..•.•••••••..•••.••.105IVEstimatedmonetaryvaluesoftheSusitnaRiversalmonstocks..107.~'"C~····.··.····i/"\.,I..--~7CQ~~11.~JlLAl"~·
"'~~".",.Qr:.'.-..-.':~.".-..G-PRE-AUTHORIZATIONASSESSMENTOFTHESUSITNARIVERHYDROELECTRICPROJECTS:PRELHtINARYINVESTIGATIONSOFWATERQUALITYANDAQUATrr.SPECIr.SCorv:poSITfON......SPORTFISHSECTIONBYJM1ESC.RIIS.FISHERIESBIOLOGISTALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHAtWGA~ESPORTFISHDIVISIONANCHORAGEG6S.f:STe5/'
(-~~/LO~;#-23
\~~~-----PRE-AUTHORIZATIONASSESSMENTOFTHESUSITNARIVERHYDROELECTRICPROJECTS:ALIMITEDWILDLIFESTUDYGAMEDIVISIONSECTION--BYCARLMCILROYGAMEBIOLOGIST£.S'1-tS~/lif)-0C6~~-""-------..:;-::~-~-,~:-~-;ANDTEDSPRAKERGAMEBIOLOGIST~1v(~~\~,ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMEGAMEDIVISIONANCHORAGE(jf:J,~.
C'·Gr=....~''=J~C/'f({\~TABLEOFCON'I'ENfSINTROIXJCfIONPROCEIIJRESRESULTS:vlooseDistribution,.June1974~fooseWinteringDistribution,1974-75Evaluationof'~noseWinteringRange,MooseConditions,Loss0fWinterRangebyIntmuation.CarihouDistributionandTrailsHarvestsandIluntingPressureDIsaJSSIONAL'IDCONCLUSIONSHITTrJ\TlVEACfIONSRIFERENCESCITEDC6£Page:~o.11222366i7'111I~t/'
liP/!J)bC:lf/t,/0~~~!j~§~~"~~1'~~}'i,~~~~~~~..,
cc;-Cb~TABLEOFCONTENTSLISTOFFIGURESLISTOFTABLESLIsrOFAPPENDIXA,TABLESABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONSTUDYAREAMEniODSWaterQuantityWaterQualityBenthic:InvertebratesFisheriesFINDINGSFlowRegimensTemperatureSuspendedSolidsandTurbidityWaterChemistryBenthicInvertebratesFisheriesDISCUSSIONFlowRegimensWaterQualityFisheriesCONCLUSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSLlTERAnJRECITEDAPPENDICESAppendixA,Tables1-32•.AppendixB,SelectedBibliographyonDamImpactsRII~PageNumberiiiivv1I366777881717222S263S35.37373839404173c--""---'L:~~)-1i--fJ
('&ABSTRACT·X/i5Q.-Biologic411~W41~erqW1lity.andwa~erquanti~yinvestiga.tionswereconduc~edfromJuly1.1976throughSeptember30~1976toobtainbaselin~da~aonindigenousfishpopulationsand~heexistingaquatichabitataspartofan'ongoingenvironmen~alstudytoassess~epotentialimpactsoftheproposedWatana/DevilsCanyonhydroelectricprojectupon~eaquaticecosystemoftheSusitnaRiverdrainage.Lo.ngtermecologicalchangestothisdrainagemaybesignifican~.Thelevelandflowpa~~crnsoftheSusitnaRiverwillbealteredandwillaffec~thefishandwildliferesources.INTRODUCTIONTheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineershasbeenconsideringseveralsi~eswithintheSusitnaRiverdrainageforcons~ruct:Lonofahydroelectriccomplex.Thecurrentplanincludescons~ructionofdamsandpowerplantsontheSusitnaRivera~DevilsCanyonandWatanaCreekwithtransmissionlinestothesouthcentra1rallbelt.Atimetablesuggestedbythedams'chiefadvoca~e~U.S.Sena.torMikeGravel~callsforconstructionau~horizationin1981andWatanaDamcompletionin1986.DevilsCanyonDamwillbecom-pletedin1990.l .C-'"~~IIl'3~7)-1---(J!J
(~\,l.:,iI:4'··1-nELIMINARYENVnDNMENTALASSESSMENTOFHYDROELECTRICDEVELOPMENTONtHESUSlTNARIVD.-~PreparedfortheUnitedStatesFishandWildlifeServicebytheAlaskaDepart1DeutofFishand'Game333RaspberryROadAnchorage,AlaskaAPliDOL4f75#(}.r?-)(1/'/''L.7~.~SI(;7n'V-r<'l":(l-(\.iI.l.1978, . . (.~CP~V ~,II.4L-\y'\.)~\\~Q.,..\..J..qR'~Y-:,\S\c\.\\\(.L-~,~~/1'\;"/i<1',~~v~vl\1~~c).,~_4'riI1(;"\,;'~cyIIIII'I~;I
I-50I-51I-48I-111-17I-47(-#-4)........CD~• • • • ••••e.TABLE01'CONTENTS.. ...LiteratureCitedPage~SectionI.FishenesandHabitatInvestigationsoftheSusitnaRiver,CtrJ)........~C:rf>~.~.1f.~.•........•I-7"~/1-9~I-10~./cc£/II-31II_31t~)II-4/\......II-34.II-llII-26dtLj--r-cc... ...................fAreal1<>e:-iIt''+C--)l-2cr(:)SectionIIMooseMovementsandHabitatUseAlongtheUpperSusitnac=·.·-.····.·.••..c..-----.:/
c()..._.~.FisheriesandHabitatInvestigationsoftheSusituaR1ver-APreliminaryScudyofPotentialImpactsoftheDevilsCanyonandWatanaHydroelectricProjectsbyJamesc.R1isandNaueyV.FrieseAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameDivisionsofSportandCommercialFishMarch1978(-~~/C6E:'1-1(;:e-/13)
c~'Lo6-TABUOFCOm::!NTSListofFigures•f.-~~lJ~~.1?I{!'-~,,-ir,'1'YF1'e,~'LPage4ListofTablesL.1stofAppeud.ixTablesSwmnary•••Background........ .... . . . . . . . .5679ProceduresDescriptionofAreaFisheries•....... .·..·..101113JuvenilesalmonlD.1grationc~;~Adults•Juvenilestudies• •WaterQuantity·..·........13131416WaterQuality•FindingsandDiscussion• •Fisheries•Adults••JuvenilesalmonlD.1grationJuvenilestudies• • • • •·.............171717172328(~Q0\Lb{;)Aquaticinsectsandjuvenilesalmongutcontents• •ImpoundmentareafisheriesinvestigationsWaterQuantityWaterQuality•30374043E_cConclusionRecommendations• •Ackn~ledgementsLiteratureCited·......... . .... ..47485051t>4-"'/
()96. . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • .IIIx;:pueddV£L• • • •..!i"•••• • • • • ••'.• • • • • • • • • • •••IIXl'puaddy£'f • ••....• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •IX1=PU'9ddy
snMMARY~a({)501\1\SJ(#Lfj.')l-I.rt\/l>,6J~\ft1tbfqB101ogical.andwacerquaUcyandqua::ityinvestigaticnawere. \<:l>1I<l=tellfrolll!lay1.1977c=ou;h_T.19Tatoobca:1:1basel1Jlecla"C.-'ot?).auindigenous'f1shpopulad.cn2sa:a.c1theez1s:ingaqua-tiebabica.:ofthecSusitnaI:1.verdrainage.'these1m'ud.gaci.cus.c:auc:lwieafouryearseriesofenvi.raz:ImautalbaaeliJJe1nvantartas.!heywerl!designedtogenera:esuffic:iacbiolag~al1:fcmud.cntoenabletheAlaska.Depart::zentofFishandG.ama(ADF&G)toprape.a=mp:'ehensivebialogic:alstwiyplauinthe8'V'eI1:..f1:al~calimp":sauiyisuuc.acedtodeterminethefaaa1b1l1tyofc:o:at:ue::iu&theproposedtJatanaandDevilsCanyonhydroel8f:=~damsautheSus1.t:aR1.ver•.'therelat1.veabundanc:e,dis::i.bud.ouaudlII1grad.oual-timingofyadultsalman(Oucot:hmchussp.)werecia:a:mi:adwithintheSusitna.R:1verdra:1nacethroughcagaucirecoveryprogramsduring19n.'thesalmonesc:apemen:from.luna29throughAugua:14wasestimated.tobeapproximately237,000sockeye(0.nerka),50,000coho(0.kisucc:h),and105,000c:humsalman(0.ketal(Friesa,1nprep.).Allesc:&'PemmlCesd:a.te:inexc:essof100;000fishwasdatar=inedforch1ncoksalmen(0.'tsha~sc:ha)throughaet:ialsurveys(lCub1k.1977;W'atsjold.1977).Populationestimatesofpi:Ur.s&1mcuut:U1:1nIthedra1nale:intheareaoftheSusitnaandChul1.tnariverCCIlflUCll:eweradatU':ll1nadasapartofthisstudy.DoCUlll8l1tatianoi-theout:ll1grad.ouofsallzIcAfryfrOll1tributaryre.a.rlngareasintotheu.i:1stemSusi=aR:1.verwasacComplished.byintensivec:invest:f.gaCianoft-.oc:laaracartributar1as.'theobjectiveofthesesCucU.aswastodetermineud..l.Uad.ouofthe:za1nstamr:f.verforreari:lgduringwincerlDOuths.Atotalof2S,116c:hincoks&1=a.fryweremarkedc~~~-s//.~r-7
~\\S(~tU~ChS-IJ(~~CinMcuunaCreekbe~.July19a=Augwlt:.4.A.graciualdownsueam~affrrwas=ead.&amthelaeurp~a£Augwlet~Febr..tary..Adra.s~raa.uc:ionmpopulationdcaieywaSf01.m'linFebruaryandwas/charac:erisd.cs~andfaedinshabi:aofjuvc:.Uasal:Imidswere~toreciinsloughsand.:n.buea.r.asof.thaSasitn.ativerUomPorugeCreekdownsueam.totheChulitnaRiverc=fl~ef:01IlJuly1throughOc:~ber5,1977.'Ihepr~:raanncspac:j,aswerach.1=okauclcoCasalman.~at:erqualityandquanc.:ydatum:L:atitmswaremadeinc:onjuucuouwithaUjuvenilesa.lmcusurfeys.Cj\'theSusitnaR1verwasflcatadfram1:s1ntarSeec.011withtheDenaliIUghwaytoDevilsCmyaudunncthefirs:aJoweeksofJulyto1nvutoryfishspeciespresaueand.suneythaaqua:1£:habitatintheareastobe1nlmdatacl.Aret1£:gray1inC(Thymallusarc:tic:us)wereabUUliantinalloftheclaarwacar~utari..withintheproposed.iJ:lpouudmexu:area.'thahuc!watarsofthesetr.butariesaud.upla1:ls1lakeswerealsosurfeyed.bysaparatecraws.ItisapparentthattheW'atana.reservoir,whichisprojectedto~asubaeant1alseasonalfluc::uat~ous,willaltarthefisherieshabitat.MeasurementsofhydrolcgicaJ.anAJJ.J=ologicalparamatersassoc:ia.teciwiththeSusitnaRivera=selectedtribu:.uiasandsloughswereobta.i:1edbetweenthe-OenaliRignvayami~tmaCreek.Ac:ooperativeagreement~7bet'"JeentheUnitedSCatesGeolc&1CalSurvey(USGS)andtheADF&Gwasinitiatedtodacer.:i:edischarga,sed~tloads,an4standardwater,.~///(;,t"'-SV
BAaCaOtmDwillbealteredand.willaff~cthefishar-asresources.ixUnsiveFiveSl'eeies/~~~.v~~Cl<)f~L~5ZofPacificsal=au(ch:U1ook,caba,~pink,.andsockeye)ut:i.H""ethelj-1widevarietyoffishspecies,bothruidacandanaclromaus.recreationalandaesth.ed.c.appeal.tt18alsoimpo~antbabita!=toaneSusitnaUverbasinhaalongba...rac:op1%edasanareaofhighBackgroundknowledgeoftheSuait:al1verbasinisUm:lcad.Thecurrentlevelsduetonaturalflowv&r'iacions.SomaSl'eciesmaybepresencaulybec:awlethis'parciculu'h.ydrolclicres:1maex:1.sts.vegetacicninandu==d.thefr....flowiqrivershaveevolvedtotheir.damdesignapprovalmelCOt1S~cionauchari%ationtoeuableprotec:ionofehe'aquatic:aDdtan-escr1.a1populacionsfromwmecessa%'7losses.proposedhydroelac~dave1ol'll*1cnecessitatugainingathoroughknawledgaofitsnaturalch.a:ac:teristlcsa:cipOpulatiOnspriortofinalU&curalflowres:mas,waca:'chntscy,massc:msponofmacar-als,andtodamCOt1Sc=d.ou.!helevelaur1f1gvpa::acsoftheSasit::a.UverresearchisnecessarybochapaceammQ.downsueamoftheproposeddamstoadaquacalyusessthepocan:ialeffKesoftheseimpaccsonfisheries.)-.~~"""("l"\c.J2-\.;\'3AJresources.L..)\,.><-1.1j0'\::)Theeff.ctsof~csa:ciccmscrucd.ouaccivitieswhichalter.fisheriesscueiias,willbeez::emalyvaluableforfucurecOlll;larisons.thewaCO!:qual.i:yand.quanci:y<!aucoUec:catii:.eoujuucuouwi.~theLongtar:ac:olagicalc:haniastothac!ra:f..naiemaybesig:ificancduequantityofwectadhabitacarauareofprt:u.rycaucar::..'!hasechangesmaydisruptchet:09hicsc:w:c=aandhabitaccompositionancireduceoral~ceI:errastrialand.aquad.l:populations.'rhes~populationsand.\.qualityanalysi,sof1:hama:t:samSusi:::aRiver.!his<!au,a.langrtc~I,tIIIIII•II
)1:)1bL-\~V- . -..CJkYcMooseMovementsandHabitatUsetheUpperSusituaRiver--APreliminaryStudyPotentialImpactsoftheDevilsCanyonHydroelectricProjectAlongC3~r('GbyKenton-P.TaylorandWarrenB.BallardAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameDivisionofGameRobertA.Rausch,DirectorMarch1978IIIeIII-Ic'"t~~7
c~~CONTENTS~Summary•••Background.......Page34DescriptionofArea•7Procedures.Findings....... ......811cNumbersofMooseCa.ptured.•Movements:• • • • • • • •DevilMountainAreaWatanaCreeK.• • • •SusitnaBendArea• •MaclarenRiverAreaHabitatUse... . .. . .11131316202224Discussion.Conclusions• •Recommenda.tions• •Acknowledgements.• .LiteratureCited.• .AppendixI.• .AppendixII• • •.'.......'.... . .26313434363976(~"-./.~L~\,Le-&~j~I1-2~<>irvuk::.V
-,('CD~SlJMMARYJt-3)13lkfZ.~~~~0\I~{jf4'~cI(-l-~IDuringOctober1976andMarch1977,18radioand21visualcollarswereplacedonmoosealongtheSusitnaRiv~rfromthemouthoftheMaclarenRiverdownstreamtoDevilCreek.,Radiotrackingflightsover13monthsyielded270observationsofradio-collaredmoose.Visualcollarswerelocated43times.Movementswereslightforradio-collared2moosebetweenJayCreekandDevilMountain,generallywithin48km.OnevisualcollarfromDevilCreekwasseennearLoneButte,84kmeastofhertagginslocation.Movemants.ofmoosecollaredeastofJayCreekweresubstantiallylonger,andmigrationsupto103kmwereobserved.Radio-collaredmoosewerefoundmostoften(70percent)insprucedominatedhabitatsduringallseasons.Sevenoftheeightcowsthathadcalvesgavebirthinsprucevegetation.ThebendoftheSusitnaRiverfromGooseCreektothemouthof'ryan.Riverwasidentifiedasimport:antwinterhabitatformoosefrommanyareasoftheSusitnaRiverdrainage.LowerelevationsalongtheSusitnaRiverwerefoundtobeimportantasbothwinteringandcalVingareasforresidentpopulations,particularlyonthesouthside,eastofStephanLake.CollaredmoosecrossedtheSusitnaaminimumof26timesduringthisstudy,15ofwhichwereacrossc~atportionwhichwouldbeinundatedbydam.construction.Movementdatagatheredoveraperiodofonly13monthsareinsufficienttoaccuratel~delineateseparatemoosepopulations.EvidencetodatesuggeststhatmoosefrommanyportionsoftheSusitnaRiverdrainageutilizehabitatsadjacenttoorportionsoftheareawhichwillbefloodedbydamconstruction.Intensivevegetativestudiesandresearch"(5Wr1rMv~(17-)~J0~II-3
(~~~let[~ct\hj'J\aumovementsbothupstreamanddownstreamareneededtoadequatelyassessthe-impac~softheproposedconstruction(AppendixII).BACKGROUNDFeasibilitystudiesonprovidinghydroelectricpowerfromtheSusitnaRivertotherailbeltareaofsouthcentralAlaskahavebeen1t4:t~)I~c;)llIIIIf~~Iconductedsince1948.PotentialdamsiteswereidentifiedbytheU.S.BureauofReclamation,theAlaskaPowerAdministrationandtheHenryJ.KaiserCompany.Proposedhydroelectricprojectshaveincludedfrom2to12damswithintheSusitnaRiverbasin,alongwithassociatedmaintenancefacilitiesandtransmissionlinestoAnchorageandFairbanks(Dept.ofArmy1975).TheDevilsCanyon-WatanadamsystemhasbeenselectedbytheArmyCorpsofEngineersasthemostviableofseveralalternatives(Fig.1).ThissystemwouldtheoreticallyprOVide6.1biliionkilowatt-hoursofelectricalpowerannuallyfromadependablecapacityof1,568megawatts(ArmyCorpsofEngineers1975).TheDevilsCanyondamwouldbeaconcretestructure193mhigh,andtheWatanadamwouldbearockfillimpoundmentrising247mabovetheriverbottom.A103kmroadfromChulitnatotheWatanasiteincludinga198mbridgeacrosstheSustinawouldbeconstructedfortransportingmaterialsandpersonneltothedamsites.Fivehundredeighty-siXkmoftransmissionlinecorridors,57-64mwide,wouldbecutacrossthemountainsbetweenAnchorageandFairbanks.Warehouses,vehiclestoragebuildingsandpermanentlivingquarterswouldbeerectedatthedamsites.ThetotalprojectedcostofcompletingthisprojectcOC(S-(,Uh0euct~-:J-19C::S-te-<J'II-4
~.-c,1!~;G'P~-£s--r~</'~t/S',",'~,'S~(he~70Sxo~~¥,r{CO£.oSUSITNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECTPreliminaryFinalPlanofStudy"-FfshandWildlifeStudies.,proposedbythe.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameNovember1979r=-\-~Q~r-=iFAPADD(!1f-32?/
PROGRAMJUSTIFICATIONTABLEOFCONTENTSJAD%(Yqq<({t)sAt~,i iii:~'~)... ........'.LISTOFFIGURESLISTOFTABLES;~c-~\...Federal/StateLawsStateLaws• • • •....... .. . ..13ISSUES,PROBLEMSCONCERNSANDRECOMMENDATIONSREGARDINGTHESUSTINAHYDROPLANOFSTUDY• •-.• • • •0 • • • • • •~• •e·• • • • • •ProjectRevi~w&Interage~cyCoordinatonPhaseIStudiesInitiation.PhaseIIStudies••0••0 0•••SocioeconomicConsiderations0-•••0AdministrativeOverhead-&TimeDelaysMonitoriing&Surveillance••0••••EstuarineStudies•.0.-••••••••AQUATICSTUDIES;,..0 • • •... .c)Introduction• • . • •.-• • ••.• . •..• ••..StudyProposals:~.••••0•••••0 0 0••StockAssessmentofAdultAnadromousFishPopulations•.StockAssessmentofAdultResidentFish&JuvenileResident&AnadromousFishPopulat;ons••••• • . • • • • • •Seasona1&_Spat;a1HabitatStudies• • • • • . . • . •REFERENCES0 • • • • •. . . . . . ... .........--BUDGETS-SUSITNAHYDROFISHERIESSTUDIESAdministration&Support••.•••.AnadromousAdult-StockAssessment0 • • 0 • • • 0Resident&JuvenileAnadromousF.ishery·Study.0 0Spatial&SeasonalHabitatStudies••.••.0----WILDLIFESTUDIES·~.--~o·- •.--.--.-.'._-•••-0••0Introduction..-.. • . . •0 •-.• • •.-0MooseDistribution,Movements~&HabitatUse0 •WolfDistribution,Abundance~HabitatUse&PreySelection...0•••0••0 0 0 0 • 0WolverineDistribution,Abundanc~,Movements,Patterns,&HabitatUse. . ..... . . . ..'. . . . . . . . . . .(~_c~,~/BearDistribution,Movements,Abundance&HabitatUse0CaribouHerdIdentity,MigrationPatterns&HabitatUseDistribution&AbundanceofDallSheep..o.0 • 0APPENDIX~AttachmentI,LettertoEricYould,APA,fromTheodoreSmith,ADNR,October26,1979.
c~',\\~b)./....cd---rs-r£~/1ALASKAPOWERAUTHORITYSUSITNAHYRDROELECTRICPROJECT~5'.,.'"-_....._'I(7~6\{)Subtask7.10.,-~-:fi-.'-'"IAQUATICSTUDIESPROCEDURESMANUALPHASE1.-.FinalDraft~-lv.l,h.--..-'-bv-AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage;Alaska99503-for-AcresAmericanIncorporatedLibertyBankBuilding,MainatBuffalo,NewYork14202;:•....~..:.~...:jj~"",',''-.
DRAFT9/25/82€!:-il)Vb}\1~TABLEOFCONTENTSINTRODUCTIONObjective1--...... ..........4Objective2•..••.••....•.••.•.....••••......•••..•..•..•4Objective3..........•'--Co.... ..•.... ..•.... .. ....4oo~--'--:~~--'.1.c_II.TECHNICALPROCEDURESADULTANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIESStudyDescriptionandRationale••••••••••••••••.•6SonarCounters.••••.•.•••••..••..•••..~...•.•.•..7Tag/Recapture.-••_~_o.0..8Survey..0..........e-o.... .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... ...... .. .... .. .... ............ .... ....10StockAssessmente.a0.. .. .... .. ..15RadioTagging..••••••..•.••••••••••••.••......•••.15Qt~RESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIESStudyDescriptionandRationale••••••••••••••••••18SummerFieldOperations••••••••••••••••••••••••18WinterFieldOperations••••••••••••••••••••••••20StudyHabitatLocations••••••••••••••••••••••••••20TributaryStreamMouthSites•••••••••••••••••••22SloughSites••••...•.•.••.•.•.••.•••......••.•.22MainstemRiverSites•••••••••••••••••~•••••••••23UpperSusitnaRiverTributaryS·ites••••••••••••23SelectiveSamplingofFishConcentrations••••••26StudyMethods•••••.•••••••••.•••••••••••••. . ••••••26TaggingofResidentAdultSpecies•••~~•.••••••27ResidentAdultTagRecovery••••••••••~.~:\•••••••27RadioTelemetrye.'•••••••••0••••••••••••••0027LevelofEffort~28AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWSTUDIES~~~StudyDescriptionandRationa)e••••••••••••••••••29~FisheryHabitatEvaluations••••••••••••••••••••29SelectedHabitatEvaluations•••••••••••••••••••32StudySiteLocations•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••33FisheryHabitatEvaluationsSites••••••••••••••33SelectedHabitatEvaluationsSites•••••••••••••33Methods,••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.••••Ii35WaterQuality.•••...••..~••••••.•••••.~.•••....35Hydrology•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••:•...••••••39Substrate.•.••••...•...••••••••.•..•..••..••.•.46Mapping.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••47.~LevelofEffort.•••••••••••••••...•••••••••..••••52~'("'-...III.DATAPROCEDURES:ADULTANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIES._-:.:;.SonarDataCollectionandPreparation•~••••••••••53•~·:·;-~••oEscapementSampling-Age&LengthData••••••••••••60-"~~~__-LabelingProcedures••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••64~.:~~~Tag/RecaptureDataCollectionandPreparations•••70_~~:.~·SurveyDataCollectionandPreparation•••••••••••75,.~...u::..~'.:~cc.~
-~,:,:.;;.r~-......;,.~-,_0DRAFT9/25/82~IDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIESiologicalData•.••~~.•~...••..••....•.......••.JuvenileAnadromous••••__.afnbowTrout,DollyVarden/ArcticChar.,oundWhitefish,HumpbackWhitefis,LakeTt,.andLongnoseSucker••••••••••••••••78Arcticrayling.•..•..••...•~.••.•......•..83Burbot_._- ''83Threespin'Stickleback,Cottis,andLampr.•.....••..•...•..•.•....•..•.83AQUATICHABITATAND.INSTRAssigningGea.rPlacemeGeographicCode;.•...•...•••.••••..•....•...••...84Persona1Log.Bo'ok.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••86CompletingAquaticHatat0087IV.QUALITYCONTROLAdultAnadromoustudies••••••••••••••••••••••••95ResidentandJenileAnadromous••••••••••••••••95Aquatic~abiandInstreamFlowStu·s••••••••96DataRouti97lVo/,2991AfJUl&'(P~SCHEDULEAllrojectsV.~;--~::..VI.•••••••••••••••..••.•••••••..••.•••.~1LITERATURECITED.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1~- --~CAPPENDICES-)V'2:I.SonarInstallationandOperationManual••••••••••••••II.OscilloscopeOperation•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••III.FishwheelOperation...•.•••.•...•..••.•.•••..•••..•••.IV.FishTagging•.••••..•.••.•..•••.••••••••••..•.•••.•.•.'--~------...~~V.Electro-ShockingInstructions•••••••••••••••••••••••••VI.HabitatSiteLocations••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••VII.RJSamplingTechniques••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••VIII.AHInstructionManuals••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••)
•t.'.f -~ALASKAPOWERAUTHORITYSUSITNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECT·Subtask7.10Pbase1FinalDraftReportAdultAnadromousFisheriesProject-ADF&G/SuHydro1981.,-ft--.-~~:~~a~~::O~~~a~r/~~~dfe~Game-f-+t.-}l2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503forAcresAmericanIncorporatedLibertyBankBuilding,MainatCourtBuffalo,NewYork,14202
.........--,..c~g~1.SUMMARYTABLEOFCONTENTSl~~),E·d:o>./PAGEE-l-l2.I'NTRODUcrIONa-a_••-e·.-..E-2-13.OBJEcrrvES- "•..-E-3-14..METHODS................................................•-a-a.... .. .. .... ........ ........ .. .. .. .. ......E-4-14.1MainstemEscapementSamoling.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••E-4-14.2SurveyInvestigationsE-4-104.Z.1ChinookSalmonEscapementSurveysE-4-TO4.2.2Sockeye,Pink,ChumandCoho_SalmonSurveys•••••••••••••••••E-4-104.2.2.1MainstemSurveysoc•••••••••-•••••••••E-4-104.2.2.2SloughandTributaryStreamSurveys••••••••••••••••E-4-154.3-RadioTelemetryInvestigations•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••E-4-174.4DataAnalysis...•....•........•................;....0000•••••••••••E-4-28C)5.RESULTSANDDISCUSSION•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••~•••••.••.•••••E-5-15.1ChinookSalmonInvestigations.•••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••E-5-15.1.1MainstemEscaoementSampling.••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••.E-5-15.1.2RadioTelemetryInvestigations••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••E-5-195.1.3EscapementSurveys............•.............................E-5-295.2Sockeye,Pink,ChumandCohoSalmonInvestigations.••.•••••••••••••E-5-325.2.1EscapementSampling.••••.•.•••••••.•••••..••••..•••.•..•••.•E-S-325.2.1.1SockeyeSalmon.•...•..•.....••..........•..........E-5-375.2.1.2PinkSalmon5.2.1.3ChumSalmon5.2.1.4CohoSalmon·.·.••••••••••••••••••••••••••l!I'••••••••0•••••E-5-56E-5-62E-5-705.2.2SurveyInvestigations•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••E-5-75c~5.2.2-.1MainstemSurveysE-5-75-5.2.2.2_EscapementSurveys•••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••E-5-80·LL4.3)
5.2.3"RadioTelemetryInvestiaations~..•....•..E-5-9,~L'1JG-s+~PAGE5.2.3.1ChumSalmon'-.-..-.._E--5-95.Z.3.2Coho·SalnDn.•.••....•.•......••••.•.•.0••••••••••••E-5-16•ACKNOWLEDGEJ~ENTS_~................................•.•••••••••••••••.•••••••E-6-17.LITERATURECITED•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••e.•••••••••••••••••."••••E-7-1~~~
£.~-t-ecsJc.~\}yo'-sAlASKAPOWERAUTHORITYSUSITNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECT(l15Q:..i.,if;-.:--....Snhlast7.10Phase1FinalDrallReportJuvenileAnadromoDsFishSlud,onIbelowerSusUnaRiverADF&GISnHydro1981byAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.2207SpenardRoad::IFAnchorage,Alaska99503APIl])Pc3.:<.2for(~7AcresAmericanIncorporatedlibertyBankBuilding,MainatCourtBuffalo,NewYork14202
(~l.2.3.Cd~~\TABLEOFCONTENTS.~TitlePageSUlf.1ARY••e·••••__....-......e·•.-.-~....~...e-.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •E-1-1INTRODUCTION••••••••••~•••••••••••••••••••_...••••••E-2-1SPECIESREPORTS-JUVENILEANADROMOUSFISH..................£-3-1C~-b's/3.2COHOSALMONJUVENILES•••••••~..........................E-3-50o3.1CHINOOKSALMON.JUVENILES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.1Abstract•••~••••.•.•••••••·•••.•••.•••.••0•••••••3.1.lIntroduction••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3111.3Methods·.3.1.4ResultsandDiscussion-Winter••-•••••.•.••••-•••3.1.4.1DistributionandRelativeAbundance••~•••••••••••••••••••3.1.4.2AgeandLengthComposition•••••••••••••••3.1.5ResultsandDiscussion-Surrmer••••••••••••••••·•3.1.5.1DistributionandRelativeAbundance••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.5.2AgeandLengthComposition•••••••••;•••••3.2.1Abstract••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.2Introduction••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.3Methods•••"••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.4ResultsandDiscussion-Winter•••••••••••••••••3.2.3.1DistributionandRelativeAbundance••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.3.2AgeandLengthComposition•••••••••••••••3.2.5ResultsandDiscussion-Summer•••••••••••••••••3.2.5.1DistributionandRelativeAbundance••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.5.2AgeandLengthComposition•••••••.••••••.E-3-1£-3-1E-3-3£-3-5E-3-6E-3-6E-3-12E-3-15E-3-15E-3-35E-3-50E-3-51E-3-53E-3-54E-3-54E-3-64E-3-68·E-3-68E-3-823.3OTHERJUVENILESALMON..................................E-3-963.3.1Abstract••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.3.2Introduction••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.3.3Methods••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••~.••••••••••3.3.4ResultsandDiscussion••••••••••••••••••••••••••E-3-96E-3-96E-3-97E-3-97(-~
cTitl~Page£~k-sc~c-~/3.3.4.1Distributionand_RelativeAhWldance.......................E-3-973.3.4.2Age.andLengthComposition...............E-3-1004.LITERAruRECITm•.•.•...- _,....... . ..•E-4-15.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS••••••..••.••••.~...........................E-5-1l3~¢)1fff11;
£-1-1'Fivejuvenilesalmonspecieswerecapturedduringthecourseofthisstudy.,(sfest//(4t~81;-FieldcollectionofdataonjuvenilesalmonfishspeciestookplacefromNovember,1980toOctober,1981.Samplinggearusedincludedvariablemeshgillnets,minnowtraps,beachseines,electrofishingunits,anddipnets.Juvenilechinooksalmonwerecaptured·throughoutthestudyarea.ThemajorityofjuvenilechinooksalmoncapturedduringwinterbetweenCookInletandDevilCanyonoccurredatsloughandmainstemSusitnaRiversitesandinsumnerattributarymouthsites.Twoageclasses(0+andI+)werecaptured.Age1+werenotcapturedafterJulybetweenTalkeetuaandDevilCanyonandwerenotcapturedafterAugustintheCookInlettoTalkeetnareach.Juvenilecohosalmonoccurredthroughoutthestudyarea.·ThemajorityofjuvenilecohosalmoncapturedbetweenCookInletandTalkeetnaduringwinterandsumneroccurredattributarymouthsites.BetweenTalkeetnaSUMMARYThis.studywasdesignedtogatherinformationdescribingthepresence,.abundance,.geographicalandseasonaldistrihution,.ageclasscomposition,.lengthdistribution,andsmoltmigrationtimingofjuvenilesa1monintheSusitnaRiverbetweenCookInletandDevilCanyonaspartofafeasi-bilttystudyregardingtheproposedSusitnaHydroelectricproject.(2)(5)(4)L.(1)-(3)1('~l[If(fI10IIIIIItII
andDevilCanyonoccurrencewasgreateratsloughsitesinwinter~ndatccs:\~)'f~,{e.;Ssloughandtributarymouthsitesinsummer.Threeageclasses(0+91+and11+)werecap.ture.cl..AgeII+werenotcapturedafter~1ayintheTalkeetnatoDevi1Canyonreachandwerenotcap.turedaftermidJuneintheCookInlettoTalkeetnareach.(6)Relativelysmallnumbersofjuvenile-pink9chumandsockeyesalmonwerecollectedin~980-1981.Samplingschemebiasimposedbygeartypesandby1ocation.ofeffortcanaccountforthe1imitednumbersofthesejuvenilesalmonspeciesencountered.Furtherseasonaldistribution9relativeabundance9andbiologicalinfonnationonthesethreejuvenilesalmonspeciesisneededtoevaluatetheirlifehistories.•o(7)Furtherinfonnationisneededonthewinterdistributionandhabitsofallfivespeciesofjuvenilesalmon.(8)Furtherinfonnationisneededonthetimingofthesmoltoutmigrationandalsoontheincubationofembryosofallfivejuvenilesalmonspecies.("\~E-1-2
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TitlePace---------cj~'0'x.Y~TABLEOFCONTENTS.~~~)L¥I&LISTOFFIGURES•••••••••••.•~.•••............. ................... .. ...... ...... ..•.. ............ivLISTOFTABLESe-•••o.e~e-o.. ...... ....•.... .. .. .. .. ..•.. ..viLISTOFPLATES...................................................;xLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES..........................................X1.SU~1MARYe-.0"0·0.-e·Do....................E'-l-l2.INTRODUCTION0·.0-e-.-_e00"0Go..E-2-12.1Objectives•••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••o••••~......E-2-12.2Methods.................................................E-2-113.SPECIESREPORTS-RESIDENTFISH....•.••••••••••••••••••••••••E-3-1G3.1ARCTICGRAyLING0.0~·00..00000•••••3.1.1Abstract·.•.•.••••••••...••.•.....•.•.0•••0••0•••3.1.2Introduction••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.3Methods••••••••••••••••••••••••••0•••••••0••••0••3.1.4ResultsandDiscussion•••••:••.••••••••..•••.•••3.1.4.1DistributionandRelativeAbundance•••••••••••.•••.•.••••3.1.4.2Age,LengthandSexComposition•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.4.3Spawning•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••.3.1.4.4TaggingandRecapture•••••••••.••••••••••3.1.4.4.1Introduction••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.4.4.2-PopulationEstimation•••••••••••••3.1.4.4.3Migration~•••••••••••.•••i••••••••E-3-1E-3-2E-3-3E-3-5E-3-5E-3-5E-3-21E-3-33E-3-34E-3-34E-3-38E-3-413•2 BURBOr••••••0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •E-3-673.2.1Abstract••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••.•..•••••.•3.2.2Introduction•••••••••••••••••••••••••.••·••.••..•3.2.3Methods••••••~•••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•3.2.4ResultsandDiscussion•••••••••••••.•;••••••••..E-3-67E-3-67E-3-69E-3-69'-=~/3.2.4.1DistributionandRelativeAbundance••••••~...............E-3-693.2.4.2Age,LengthandSexComposition.............................E-3-723.2.4.3TaggingandRecapture••••••~.............E-3-77i
E-3-79E-3-79E-3-80E-3-81c~'3.3ROUNOWHITEFlSH•••••••~:.~.?!(~9Ib)3.3.1Abstract....•••e·_••-.--~.e.••3.3.2Introduction•••••.••••.••••••••••••••.••.•.•.••.3.3.3Methods••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••-.3.3.4ResultsandDiscussion•••••••••••••••.•••••••.••3.3.4.1DistributionandRelativeAbundance•••••••••••••••~......E-3-813.3.4.2Age,LengthandSexCompositione-...................E-3-813.3.4.3TaggingandRecapture....................E-3-853.4"IlONGNOSESUCKER~••••.••••••••_••.••••••••••..••~•..o••••[-3-873.4.1Abstract•.••••...•..•••-..••••e"••••••••••••••••0...E-3-873.4.2Introduct;on~...................................E-3-873.4.3ResultsandDiscussion..........................E-3-88"3.4.3.1DistributionandRelativeAbundance......................E-3-883.4.3.2Age,LengthandSexComposition.............................E-3-913.4.3.3TaggingandRecapture••••••••••••••~.....E-3-913•5COITIOS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0 • 0 • 0.,• 0•.••'••0E-3-94e~3.5.1Abstract••••••••••••••••••••••••••••o••oooo•••oo3.5.2Introduction•••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••3.5.3Methods•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.5.4ResultsandDiscussion••••••••••••••••••••••••••E-3-94E-3-94E-3-95E-3-95-3.5.4.1DistributionandRelativeAbundance......................E-3-953.5.4.2Age,LengthandSex"Composition••••••••••••••••••••oo.......E-3-973.6LAKETROUT•••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~o.o••••••o.oE-3-983.6.1Abstract••••••••••••••••••~•••••••.•••••·•••••••oE-3-983.6.2-Introduction....................................E-3-983.6.3ResultsandDiscussion..........................E-3-993.6.3.1Distributionand·RelativeAbundance......................E-3-993.6.3~2Age,LengthandSexComposition.............................E-3-993.6.3.3TaggingandRecapture....................E-3-1013.7MISCELLANEOUSSPECIES••••••••••••••••••:...............E-3-102E'e::~Jcv&v'ii
ALASKAPOWERAUTHORITYSUS1TNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECTSubtask7.10byAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage.Alaska99503forAcresAmericanIncorporatedLibertyBankBuilding.MainatCourtBuffalo.NewYork14202
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cTABLEOFCONIDITS(Continued)'~J~1\CNCiTitle\...)~5.1..2.6PaintSpecificData••••••••;.E-5-1835.1.2.7WinterData•.•.................•..•..........E-5-1835.2SelectedHabitatEvaluation..................E-5-184-5.2.1Methods-_...........•.....•••E-S-1845.2·.1.1Physiochemica1.•.•••••.•.••••••••••••••••.••E-5-184-5.2.1.2Surveying........•..E-5-1855.2.1.3·SiteSelectton•..•.•..••..•...........•••.••E-5-1905.2.2Findings0.................••.•-0-••'••'.......E-S-1915.2.LlSiteDescriptions••••••••••••••••••••.•••.••,..E-5-1915.2.2.2MorphometryData............................E-5-1955~.2.3Stage/DischargeData........................E-5-1955.2.2.4-PhysiochemicalData••••••••••••••••-.~........__..£-5-2206.REFERENCES.•....•...••.•...••................•....•...........•E-6-17.CONTRIBUTORS...................................................E-7-18.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.••••••....••.•..•..•.•..•...••..•..•..~.......E-8-19.APPENDIXES........•.~..•.~o••••••••••••••••••••••••••••EA-lcPart1 -AppendixesEA-EH....••.....•••......••.....•....••....Part2 -AppendixesEI-EJ••..•...••..•..•.•.•.•••.•.......••.G.iiEA-lE1-1c6/
i.C'j{--~;~-/fstt.-s/,-ALASKAPOWERAUTHORITYSUSITNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECT./vtr··'';c,Subtask7.10Phase1FinalDraftReportVol.2Pt.1AquaticHabitat&InstreamFlowProject""..~~iADF&GlSuHydro1981tt:I,ll;~byAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquatic Studies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503forAcresAmericanIncorporatedLibertyBankBuilding.MainatCourtBuffalo.NewYorlc14202,417.,1lJpcJI3 /I .t>~0/
CTABLEOFCONTENTSTitleAPPENDIXESEA-EJPaae--r'~}~>~~""'<:......~.--;LISTOFFIGURES••••..-................................................iiLISTOFTABLES••••••••••••••••--.-_o-e-•••__••-...••.•••••••••••iiiAPPENDIXESe-o~e-It0e-..............E.Dt.-lPART1EA.Generalhabitatevaluation·siteplanimetricmaps•••••••••••••·0••••EA-lEB.Physiochemicaldatatablesforeachgeneralhabitatevaluationstudysite..............................EB-1EC.Temperaturedatatablesforeachthermographsite•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••EC-IEO.StagedatatablesforAAfishwheelandsonarsitesao.ED-lEE.Crosssectionsurveydataofeachselectedhabitatevaluationstudysite•••••••••••••••••:•••••••••••EE-1EF.MainstemSusitnaRiverdischargeatGoldCreekversustime(May-October,1981)•••••••••••••••••••••••••••EF-1EG.Methodssupplement••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••EG-lEH.Incidentaldata•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~•••••••••EH-lPART2EI.Pointspecificdata•••••••••••••••·••••••••••••••••••••••••EI-lEJ.Winterdata•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••EJ-l~s-te~/
\;~,\.~,,"''!':•.I·T~.··'",~"",.'-c.ALASKAPOWERAUTHORITYSUSJTNAHYDROELECTRICPROJECTforAcresAmericanIncorporatedLibertyBankBuilding.MainatCourtBuffalo.NewYork14202by-it:-.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameT.SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.2207SpenardRoadAnchorage.Alaska99503Subtask7.10Phase1FinalDraftReportVol.2Pt.2~AquaticHabitat&InstreamFlowProject.".ADF&q./SuHydro1981!lI)llllI-[I')IIII[l[Ir-..
l-!';Tv'=-C'TABLEOFCONTENTSTitleVOLUME-r~OAPPENDIXESEA-EJt1tJ~)Paae-LISTOFF·IGURES.................................•-••.••••••••••.a·a.......iiLISTOFTABLES•••••0•••0••••••••••••••••••••0·0•••-'.....iiiAPPENDIXES••••.•••-0EA-lPART1EA.Generalhabitatevaluationsiteplanimetric(~;;\;;~maps•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••os0 0••0EB.Physiochemicaldatatablesforeachgeneralhabitatevaluationstudysite•••••••••••••••••~•••••••••••EC.Temperaturedatatablesforeachthermographsite•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~••••••••••ED.StagedatatablesforAAfishwheelandsonarsites.EE.Crosssectionsurveydataofeachselectedhabitatevaluationstudysite••••••••••••••••~••••••~•••••EF.MainstemSusitnaRiverdischargeatGoldCreekversustime{May-October,1981)••••••••••••••••••••••••••;EG.Methodssupplement.•.••.•.•••.•••.•••..•••.••..•....•.•.••EHoIncidentaldata••••••••••..•••••••••••••.•.•••.•••••••••..EA-IEB-IEC-1ED-IEE-1EF-I.{EG-IEH-lc/PART2EI.Pointspecificdata•••oo••••o••••o•••o••••••o.~•••••••o...EI-lEJ.Winterdata~.o•••o••~••••••••••o•••o.o••••••oo••••••••o...EJ-lce.-/
C~/£5~';/~AQUATICSTUDIESPROCEDURESMANUALPHASEIE~'~----'\---J\ifL~AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSu-HydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503,'r~:~,(--=-~.May1981*-J
II.TECHNICALPROCEDURESADULTANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIES----------------5StudyDescriptionandRationale-----------------5SonarCounters----------------------------------5Tag/Recapture-----------------------------------7Survey------------------------------------------8StockAssessment-------------------------------11RadioTagging----------------------------------121\\\~(21\1J)TABLEOFCONTENTSIDRAFTJINTRODUCTIONObjective1---------------------------------------Objective2---------------------------------------4Objective3---------------------------------------4I.\.c~F.=~.")~/RESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIESStudyDescriptionandRationale----------------13SummerFieldOperations----------------------13WinterFieldOperations-~--------------------14StudyHabitatLocations------------------------15TributaryStreamMouthSites-----------------15SloughSites---------------------------------15MainstemRiverSites-------------------------16UpperSusitnaRiverTributarySites----------16SelectiveSamplingofFishConcentrations----16StudyMethods----------------------------------19TaggingofResidentAdultSpecies------------19ResidentAdultTagRecovery------------------19RadioTelemetry------------------------------20LevelofEffort--------------------------------20FAQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWSTUDIESStudyDescriptionandRationale----------------20FisheryHabitatEvaluations------------------20SelectedHabitatEvaluations-----------------23StudySiteLocations---------------------------27FisheryHabitatEvaluationSites-------------27SelectedHabitatEvaluationSites------------27Methods----------------------------------------27WaterQuality--------------------------------27Hydrology------------------------------------28Mapping--------------------------------------34LevelofEffort--------------------------------37III.DATAPROCEDURESADULTANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIES---------------38SonarDataCollectionandPreparation----------38EscapementSampling-Age&LengthData----------44LabelingProcedures----------------------------48~..Tag/RecaptureDataCollectionandPreparations-52(~=SurveyDataCollectionandPreparation---------59~..c--e-/
C~~r-::c,~}~.~--..._.._.-...RESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIESBiologicalData--------------------------------59AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWSTUDIESAssigningGearPlacementNumbers(GPSN)--------65PersonalLogBook------------------------------66CompletingAquaticHabitatForms---------------66IV.QUALITYCONTROLAllProjects--------------------~--------------78DataRouting----------------------------------79V.SCHEDULEAllProjects-----------------------------------81VI.PERSONNELAllProjects-----------------------------------85GpPENDICES)I.SonarInstallationandOperationManualII.OscilloscopeOperationIII.FishwheelOperationIV.FishTaggingV.Electro-ShockingInstructionsVI.HabitatSiteLocationsVII.RJSamplingTechniquesVIII.AHInstructionManualsLISTOFFIGURESI.INTRODUCTION1.SusitnaRiverBasin(approximatescale1:2,200,000)-----------22.PhaseIstudyareas,SusitnaRiverBasin----3II.TECHNICALPROCEDURES1.Samplingsitesinatypicalimpoundmentstream--------------------------172.ResidentandJuvenileAnadromous(RJ)andAquaticHabitatandInstreamFlow(AH)PersonnelDeployment-IceFreeMonths--------213.ResidentandJuvenileAnadromous(RJ)andAquaticHabitatandInstreamFlow(AH)StudyPersonnelDeployment-IceCoveredMonths-----224.AquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowStudyProgramComponents--------------------235.FisheryHabitatEvaluationComponents-------236.SelectedHabitatEvaluationComponents------257.USGSTypeAACurrentMeterRatingTable-----298.MeasurementofHorizontalAngles(FromBuchananandSomers,1973)------------------31FGG~
,0t\~9.EmbeddednessClassificationSystem(From~AEIDC,1980)--------------------------------3210.SubstrateGrid----------------------~-------3~'\\11.CrossSectionalProfileDiagram-------------3\~_12.ExampleofMorphometricMapwithDepthsand~ElevationsinFeet(ModifiedfromBoveeandCochnauer,1977).---------------------------36LargeRiverVelocityandDepthProcedureDiagram-------------------------------------3713.SCHEDULE1.AdultAnadromousProjectSchedule,1981-----822.Activityschedule,1981.IntegratedResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFisheriesandAquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowProjects----------------------833.ReportingSchedule,1981--------------------84~TECHNICALPROCEDURES1.SamplingStreamsProposedSusitnaImpoundment---------------------------------182.GeneralHabitatEvaluationParameters-------243.SelectedHabitatEvaluationParameters------254.ADF&G/USGSAdditionalWaterQualityMeasurements--------------------------------26V.II.DATAPROCEDURES1.Printertapestamps-------------------------392.Preferredscale,preferredscalezone,andlengthmeasurement----------------------463.Scaleselectionandmountingongummedcard-474.RiverChannelPatterns(FromRichardson,et.a1.,1975)------------------------------67IV.QUALITYCONTROL1.DataRouting,PhaseI,1981-----------------80III.c~c··.··-~.;..-/-/"E-----.-~--.~-~.III.DATAPROCEDURES1.DailyLogforSicescanSonarCounter---------402.SideScannersCounterLog--------------------413.SideScannerCounts--------------------------424.FieldCounterCalibration--------------------435.DailyEscapementData------------------------45Sa.Age,WeightandLength(AWL)Form------------495b.CommercialCatchSamplingInfonnation(AWLCodes)----------------------------------506.AnadromousAdultInvestigations-SusitnaHydroStatisticalCodesandCodeSamples-----517.IndividualFishwheelCatchRecord------------538.TagDeploymentRecord------------------------54LI~i/
(~-~1.INTRODUCTION(3TheSusitnaRiver,Southcentra1Alaska'smajorriversystem,drainsintoCookInletneartheCityofAnchorage(Figure1).Thedrainageencompassesanareaof19,400squaremilesandextendsnorthtoMt.DenaliandeastalmosttothetownofGlenallen.Themainstemriveranditsmajortributariesareofglacialoriginandcarryaheavysiltloadduringice-freemonths.Manyofthesmallertributariesareperen-nia11y~i1t-free.ConstructionofhydroelectricdamswillaffectportionsofthefishandwildliferesourcesoftheSusitnaRiverBasin.Thetwodamsystemproposedwouldinundateinexcessof50,500acresofanaquaticandterrestrialhabitatupstreamofDevilCanyon.Historically,thelongandshorttermenvironmentalimpactsofhydroelectricdamshaveadverselyalteredthesportandcommercialfisheriesofaffecteddrain-ages(Keller,1980;Hageneta1.,1973).Regulationofthemainstemriverwillsubstantiallyalterthenaturalflowregimedownstream.Thetransmissionlinecorridor,substations,roadcorridor,andconstructionpadsiteswillalsoimpactaquaticandterrestrialcommunitiesandtheirhabitat.Theproposedhydroelectricdevelopmentnecessitatesgainingathoroughknowledgeofitschemical,physicalandbiologicalparameterspriortofinaldamdesignapprovalandconstructionauthorization.PreliminaryenvironmentalassessmentsoftheprojectnoteddeficienciesinthestateofknowledgeoftheSusitnadrainagefisheries(FWS-ADF&G,1978).Toinsureadequateinformationisavailabletodeterminetheimpactsoftheproposedhydroelectricprojectandtodesignpropermiti-gativestrategies,atwo-phasedatacollectionprogramhasbeendeveloped.ThismanualaddressesPhaseI(July1,1980-December31,1981)procedurestobeconductedwithinthosestudyareasoutlinedinFigure2.ThefollowingobjectivesaretobeaddressedinthePhaseI.fieldfisheriesstudies.OBJECTIVE1.Determinetheseasonaldistributionandrelativeabundanceofadultanadromousfishpopulationsproducedwithinthestudyarea.Task1.1Enumerateandcharacterizetherunsoftheadultana-dromousfish.Task1.2Determinethetimingandnatureofmigration,millingandspawningactivities.~41,),'rL.••..=.-~...·~c-.-Task1.3Identifyspawninglocationswithinthestudy area(i.e.,subreachesofthemainstemsloughsandsidechannels,tributaryconfluences,lakesandponds,etc.)andestimatetheircomparativeimportance.(100001//Cd
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'.rr",,II\IIII(I\\\1mImpoundment~studyareaAerialchinooksalmonsurveyscoversentiresystemdownstreamofDevilCanyondamsite....--,"",.--,..",....III-",.-,/,.---'"-...._--'"/'Lowerriver/.;studyareas....'..---.---""-~\\~)ca~~-~-_,..,.r·r.·~=:.~~/(~~'Figure2.PhaseIstudyareas,SusitnaRiverbasin.E~-i~00003
Task1.4(~'"~\\&JL1J~t)Identifyanddeterminemethods,meansandthefeasibilityofestimatingtheSusitnaRiverscontributiontotheCookInletcommercialfishery.OBJECTIVE2.Determinetheseasonaldistributionandrelativeabundanceofselectedresidentandjuvenileanadromousfishpopulationswithinthestudyarea.Task2.1Identifyspawningandrearing locationsoftheresidentspeciesandtherearinglocationsofjuvenileanadromousspeciestoestimatetheircomparativeimportance.Task2.2Recorddescriptiveinformationoncapturedfish(species,locationofcapturesite,ageclass),anddiscussseasonalmigrationpatternsofselectedadultresidentspecies.OBJECTIVE3.Characterizetheseasonalhabitatrequirementsofselectedanadromousandresidentspecieswithinthestudyarea.Task3.1Throughdirectfieldobservationsandmeasurementsidentifythephysicalandchemicalconditionswhichappeartobeinfluencingthesuitabilityofvarioushabitattypesforthespeciesandlifehistorystagesofinterest.,r·Task3.2c-"s~(.._~~/Throughdirectfieldobservationsandmeasurementscharacterizethephysicalandchemicalparametersofthevarioushabitattypesfoundinthestudyarea.Tomeettheaboveobjectives,thestudyprogramisseparatedintothreesections;AdultAnadromousFisheries,ResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFisheries,andAquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowStudies.TheoperationsoftheAnadromousAdultandResidentandJuvenileAnadromousfieldinvestigationswillbeinterrelatedtoandconductedincooperationwiththeAquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowstudies.The·specificprQceduresforcompletionofeachsectionoftheprogramaredescribedinthismanual.;1000A1j,v-..c
6;;;i!h~t..;....l#::Jf.,.?<:-."!f.L-~E=Z~::-".-~..-,.........~.~,!,"}":'J!•:-.•.:...-;....-....:;:...........~-:~:;:.:..~-./~APfllJOG#Sl7~"'.':=;.•~-"-~:;...._•..-"!';.-......~""'....Subtask7.10Phase1FinalDraftReportAquaticStudiesProgramAOF&GISuHydro1982-~....'--.-·".OJ_.,..-'.-:.',....--';:~~'.-:-.~~~~..'-~>:::_.':-.-,-_...:..:::.~.-..:-...:~~..:~'.;:~':;...-~..:...-
cTABLEOFCONTENTS>sr\dJlJ-47Paae-rE-~JpJliSTOFFIGURES...................•.....•.;'1;LISTOFTABLES•••••••••••••••••••••••"••••••'•••••-..............•••••••••;xLISTOFPLATES•••••••••••••••••••••••e·0·.••• •xiiLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES.............................................xiii1.INTRODUCTION••'-e•....-••.....,..,.'.'-••'••-0.-.,;..'•.•..•-..-_••"'..••E-l-l1.1BackgroundandObjectives- --...E-l-l1.2DescriptionofStudyArea••••~............................E-1-71.3Methods.................••.••••••••••.E-I-8'2.FISHERIESANDHABITATRELATIONSHIPS............................E-2-1.r'.c-·~.I-(II3.2.1Introduction•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0 0••"0-••••••02.2SalmonPeriodicityandSonarCountsinRelationtoDischarge•••••-•••••••••••••••o•••••~-••o••••o2.3PercentIncidenceofSel~ctedFishSpeciesinRelationtoDischarge••••••••••••••••••••••~•••••••••2.4PercentTrappingIncidenceofSelectedFishSpeciesinRelationtoPointSpecificDepthandVelocity•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••G.ooo••••2.5BeringCiscoSpawningHabitatEvaluation•••••o••••o•••••••2.6MatrixesofFisheryandPhysiochemicalObservations••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.7ChumandSockeyeAdultSalmonObservationsinSelectedSloughsinRelationtoMainstemDischarge•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••o.2.8FisheriesandHabitatRelationshipsintheProposedImpoundmentArea••••••••••••••••••••••••o••••••2.8.1Introduction•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.8.2WaterQuality•••••••••••••••••••••••••c••••••••••••2.8.3Substrate•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••oe•••••••••••2.8.4StreamflowandChannelMorphology••••••••••••••••••2.8.5Conclusi-ons••••••••••••••••••••••o••••••••••••••••••HABITATRELATIONSHIPS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.3.1Introduction••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.2DischargeandTurbidityRelationships•••••••••••••••••••••3.3DifferencesBetweenSurfaceWaterTemperaturesatMainstemLocations•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.4DielSurfaceWaterTemperatureFluctuations•••••••••••••••3.5SelectedSloughHabitatStudies•••••••••••••••••••••••••••iE-2-1E-2-1E-2-12E:..2-24E-2-30E-2-35E-2-43E-2-49E-2-49E-2-49E-2-57E-2-59E-2-61E-3-1E-3-1E-3-1E-3-8E-3--8E-3-21
11··"·-:~.''t,1E-3-21E-9-1E-3-25E-3-29E-4.;.lE-4-1E-4-13E-4-15Paae..--.iil~D\)3.5.1Introduction•.•••••....••.....•....•••••....•.....•.3.5.2RelationshipsBetweenWaterOualityintheMainstemRiverandSelectedSloughswithRespectto~~instemDischarge•.••.••••••••..••••••••••.•••••.•••••••••3.5.3RelationshipsBetweenWaterQualityCharacteristicsinStudySloughs•••••••••••••••••~s~s/CONCLUSION.....................................................E-5-1CONTRIBUTORS~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••'•••••••••0.0eo.0.•0....E-6-14.1Introduction•.•.••..••••.•.•••.•..••.••...•.••......•.....4.2StageAnalysis.••••..••••••••.•..••.•••....•....•......••.4.3WaterTemperatureAnalysis••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4.4Pre-projectandPost-projectFlowComparisons•••••••••••••9.APPENDIX••..••..••••••••••.••••••••••••••.•......••••.••••.....7.ACKNOWlEDGEMENTS••••••~•••••o•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0E-7-18.REFERENCES•..•..•••••••.•••••..••••..•••.•••..••.....•...•G•••OE-8-14.PREDICTIVEMODELS...............................................E-4-1TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued).-.-J:r:,;..'-.....-~=--(~E-~:-,
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c1.SUMMARY\!~\?~G\~l?:>{rhl~-l.c~FivespeciesofPacificsalmonreturntofreshwatersystems~includingtheSusitnaRiver~in·UpperCookInlet.TheUpperCookInletcomnercia1fisheryharvestsmixedstocksandspeciesmigratingnorthofAnchorPoint,withalongtennaveragecatchof2.8million·fish~worthapproximately17.9milliondollars.Thecommercialsockeyesalmonharvesthasaveraged1.2millionfishthepasttenyears.Thisspeciesiseconomicallythemostvaluablespecies~receiving.greatestemphasisinmanagementandresearch.Astockidentificationprogramusingscalepatternanalysishasbeendevelopedtoestimatestockcontributionofmajorriversystemstothecommercialharvest.Estimatesforthe1979and1980fisheriesshowstockcontributionbytheSusitnaRiverwas22.7%and19.2%respectively.TheUpper.CookInletchumsalmoncatchhasaveraged707,000fishthepasttenyears.ThoughavailableescapementdataidentifytheSusitnaRiverasthemajorproducer,riversystemsonthewestsideofCookInletareknowntosupportchumsalmonpopulations.Evaluationofwestsideproductionisnecessarytodetenninetheneedforastockseparationprogram..Electro-phoresisandscalepatternanalysisaretwooptionsforstockidentification~shouldaprogramprovenecessary•.TheUpperCookInletcohocatchhasaveraged204,000fishthepasttenyears.ThoughtheSusitnaRiverappearstobethesinglelargestproducingsysteminE-l
C*\1;)"t~+=-5jc{'Upper-CookInlet,contributionofwests-ideriversystemsmustbeaddressed.P~eviousstockidentificationhasbeenattemptedwithpositiveresultsusingfishweightandscalepatternanalysis.However,priortoimplementingastockidentificationprogram,majorUpperCookInletsystemsmustbeconfirmedtoestimateSusitnaRiver-contribution.ThetenyearaveragecatchforUpperCookInletpinksalmonisT46,000and1.7millionfishforoddandevenyearsrespectively.TwoleadingpinksalmonproducersaretheKenaiandSusitnariverdrainages.However,productionofwestshoresystemsisunknown.When.majorproducingriversystemshavebeendefined,electrophoresisandlength-weightdatashouldbeexaminedasstockidentificationtechniques.~~Becausemigrationtimingrelativeto25Junecommercialseasonopening,SusitnaRiverchinooksalmoncurrentlyarenotsignificantlyexploitedintheUpperCookInletfishery;astockseparationprogramisnotnecessaryatthistime.Lt1qI,I\:,;,..~I
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Subtask 7.10
AQUATIC STUDIES PROCEDURES MANUAL
PHASE II -Final Draft (2nd ed } ·.· · -~1+. 1982 -83 (FY 83}
C'TABLEOFCONTENTS6,00/83t5t~SV(Corrected)PageI.INTRODUCTIONe....• • •.. ..• • • •1II.TECHNICALPROCEDURES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••8A..ADULTANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIES_.-..............81.StudyDescriptionandRationale••••••••••••••••••82..SonarCounters................••---."..••...• 93..Tag/Recapture.a-a....• - - '••'...104..MainstenrSurveys---......................................1Z5.SloughandTributarySurveys•••••••••••••••••••••156-..ChinookSalmnAerialSurveys___.....••••__.'.177.EulachonSurveys-•.....·.-.0........178.BeringCisco..•••..•.•....•-.•' - -.-.-..--.199.Radi0Tagging__...•......2010.StockSeparation•••.21C\--_:~jB.RESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIES••••1.StudyDescriptionandRationale••••••••••••••••••2.StudyDesignbyObjective••••••••••••••••••••••••3.Sub-objectivesandStudyDesign••••••••••••••••••4.SummaryofObjectives.5.FishDistributionStudy••••••••••••••••••••5•••••6.ElectrofishingandTaggingSurveys•••••••••5•••••7.RadioTelemetryStudies••••••••••••••••5••5••••••8.JuvenileIncubation,Emergence,andOutmigrationStudies•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••9.FoodHabitsStudyInvertebrateandDistributionStudy~••••••••••••••••••••10.ImpoundmentAreaStudies•••••5•••••••••••••••••••11.levelofEffort.··0••232323233131434648515356C.AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWSTUDIES•••••••••••••581.StudyDescriptionandRationale••••••••••••••••••582.ScopebyGeographicalReachoftheSusitnaRiver••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••593.ScopeofFY-83ProgrambyObjective••••••••••••••594.AdministrativeStructureandManpowerDistribution••••••••••••••••••••••••••••675.FieldDataCollectionWorkPlans•••••••••••••••••70a.LowerRiverFishHabitatUtilization••••••••70i.SloughSpawningHabitatStudies.........70ii.MainstemSpawningHabitatStudies.......71b.InstreamFlowEvaluations•••••••••••••••••••82c.UpperRiverFishHabitatUtilization••••••••90(~-~/4fr!Lfi<:tLtj
D.DATAPROCESSING••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•••••••••951.WorkPlan••••••••••••••••••••-....................952.DataBaseManagement•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••106Page('"--_/TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)6/30/83~rrected)~s..\;e4/VII.LITEAATURECITED••••eo...................• -••••••-..............180VI.PERSONNEL••••••••••••••'••••••••"•••••••••0••••0•••••••••••~.177170170170171172~10'IV.QUALITYCONTROL•••••••••••••••••••••••••0••••••••••••••••••A.AdultAnadromousFisheriesStudies••••••••••••••••••••B.ResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFisheriesStudies••••C.AquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowStudies'•••••••••••••D.DataRouting-0•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••iiVoREPORTSCHEDULE•••0........................................173c.AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWSTUDIES•••••••••••••1531.DataForms•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1532.DataTransfer•••••••••••••••••••••••••••...••...•169III.DATAPROCEDURES••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••113A.ADULTANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIES••••••••••••••••••••1131.SideScanSonarOperations•••••••••••••••••••••••1132.Tag/RecaptureOperations•••••••••••••••••••••••••1203.MainstemSurveyOperations•••••••••••••••••••••••125.4.SloughAndTributarySurveys•••••••••••••••••••••1255.MainstemSetNetting•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1256.BeringCiscoMonitoring••••••••••••••••••••••••••1267.EulachonSurveyOperation••••••••••••••••••••••••126B.RESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHERIESSTUDIES••••1371.DataFornts..••.•••••••.-...•••..•••••••....•. . . •••1372.SpecificDatatobeCollected••••••••••••••••••••1503.ReportFonnat••••••••••••••••••e...................151(--""C._;?Q
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cTABLEOFCONTENTSl~4j~tS~J[~W~,VPAGE-Qc1.aINTRODUCTION••••••••••••••••••··0•••e·.0_".--e--.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I1.1SpecificProjectObjectives............................12.0VOLUr~ElSUMMARY-ADULTANADROMOUSSTUD1ES.••••••••••••••••92.1Eulachorr(Thaleichthyspacificicus).H.................92.2AdultSalmon(Onchorhynchus~.).......................102.2.1ChinookSalmon(0.tshawcha)...-H........102.2.2SockeyeSalmon(IT.nerl<a•••••••••IS2.2.3PinkSalmon(0.-orbuscna).....'......•••••••••••172.2.4ChumSalmon(0.keta••••••~....................202.2.SCohoSalmon(IT.kiSUtch)••••~...................232.3BeringCisco(Coregonuslaurettae).....................2S3.0VOLUME3SUMMARY-RESIDENT,ANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHSTUDIES••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••G•••••••••••••••283.1DistributionandAbundanceStudies.....................283.1.1RainbowTrout(Salmogairdneri).................303.1.2ArcticGrayling(fhymallusarcticus)............313.1.3Burbot(Lota1ota)••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••32',.'"",,"3.1.4RoundWhitefiShi[Prosooiumcylindraceum)........323.1.5HumpbackWhitefish(Coregonusidschian)........33~3.1.6LongnoseSucker(Catostomuscatostomus•••••••••__34-3.1.7DollyVarden(Salvelinusmalma),35,3.1.8ThreespineStickleback(Gasterosteusaculeatus).36....3.1.9Sli~Sculpin(Cottuscognatus).................373.1.10ArcticLamprey(Lamoetrajaoonica)..............373.1.11ChinookSalman(Oncorhynchustshawytscha)juveniles.......................................383.1.12CohoSalmon(0.kisutch)juveniles..............393.1.13ChumSalmon0[.keta)juveniles..................393.1.14SockeyeSalman(07rierka)juveni1es.••••••••••••40.3.1.15PinkSalmon(Q.90rbuscha)juveniles............,40','.."3.2EmergenceandOutmigrationStudies•••••••••••••••••••••..40.~f.3.3FoodHabitsandDistributionofFoodOrganisms•••••••••.434.0VOLUME4SUMMARY-AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWSTUDIES................................................464.1Introduction...........................................46;
C'TABLEOFCO~\?'if'l.t>'I(:\4.2p::N:s_(:::nUed).~0v\~bjPAGEry•••••..........~.....•••••••••464.2.1Stage/DischargeStudies.........................464.2.1.1TalkeetnatoDevilCanyon...............474.2.1.1.1MainstemHabitats...........474.2.1.1.2SloughHabitats.............484.2.1.1.3TributaryHabitats....••••••504.2.1.2TalkeetnatoCookInlet.__._...-...._.....514.2.1.2.1MainstemHabitats••••••••••~514.2.1.2.2SloughHabitats..............524.2.1.2.3SloughHabitats.............534.l..2ThalwegPrQf;le••••••~.·.·.·.......................54C''.----~;'4.2.3BackwaterAreaStudies..........................554.2.4OpenChannelStudies............................564.2.5WaterTemperatureStudies•••••••••••••••••~.....574.2.5.1TalkeetnatoDevilCanyon..............584.2.5.1.1MainstemHabitats...........584.2.5.1.1.1InstantaneousSurfac·eWaterTemperature....584.2.5.1.1.2ContinuousSurfaceWaterTemperature....584.2.5.1.1.3IntragravelWaterTemperature....59595961;.fs;-lG.SInstantaneousSurfaceWaterTemperature••••ContinuousSurfaceWaterTemperature••••InstantaneousIntragravelWaterTemperature••••4.2.5.1.2.24.2.5.1.2.34.2.5.1.2SloughHabitats.............59>4.2.5.1.2.1c/ii
cr-:bc'TABLEOFCONmTS(COntinUed)\::\ )'--~PAGE4.2.5.1.2.4ContinuousIntragravelWaterTemperature....614.2.5.1.3TributaryHabitats..........634.2.5.1.3.1InstantaneousSurfaceWaterTemperature....634.2.5.1.3.2ContinuousSurfaceWaterTemperature....634.2.5.1.3.3IntragravelWaterTemperature....644.2.5.2TalkeetnatoCookInlet................644.2.5.2.1MainstemHabitats...........644.2.5.2.1.1InstantaneousSurfaceWaterTempe~ature....644.2.5.2.1.2ContinuousSurfaceWaterTemperature....644.2.5.2.1.3IntragravelWaterTemperature....654.2.5.2.2SloughHabitats••••o........654.2.5.2.2.1InstantaneousSurfaceWaterTemperature....654.2.5.2.2.2ContinuousSurfaceWaterTemperature....664.2.5.2.3TributaryHabitats..........664.2.5.2.3.1InstantaneousSurfaceWaterTemperature....664.2.5.2.3.2ContinuousSurfaceWaterTemperature....66t~~0iii
cTABLEOFCONTENTS(continUed)~~~~4~)PAGE4.2.6OtherBasicFieldParameterStudies•••••••••_••_..674.2.6.1TalkeetnatoDevilCanyon..............684.2.6.1.1MainstemHabitats...........684.2.6.1.2SloughHabitats.............684.2.6.1.2.1UplandSloughHabitats.......694.Z.6.1.2.2SideSloughHabitats.......704.2.6.1.3TributaryHabitats•••_........-o--~.714.2.6.2TalkeetnatoCookInlet................714.2.6.2.1MainstemHabitats...........714.2.6.2.2SloughHabitats.............724.2.6.2.3TributaryHabitats..........724.2.7DissolvedGasStudies.............................73()4.3Part2 -Summa~•••••••••••o•••o••••o.o.o.oooo.oo•••o••4.3.1MainstemSalmonSpawningStudies••••••••••••••••7575c~4.3.2SloughSalmonSpawningStudies..................774.3.2.1SpecificSloughStudies................784.3.2.2GeneralSloughStudies.................824.3.3EulachonStudies................................834.3.4BeringCiscoStudies•••••••:....................844.3.5JuvenileAnadromousHabitatStudies.............86-4.3.6ResidentFishHabitatStudies...................895.0VOLUME5SUMMARY-UPPERSUSITNARIVERIMPQUNDMENTSTUDIES.....................................................91~501Introduction...........................................915.2AquaticHabitatStudies................................92Ed~~/tv
('TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued,P.~GE/5.2.1Intro.duc..tion--_.........................................925.Z•.lTributaryHabitatStudies.......................935.Z.3MainsternHabitatStudies........................975.Z.4.LakeHabitatStudies............................985.3ResidentFisheriesStudies.............................995.3.15.3.Z5.3.35.3.4Introduction_..Tribu:tar-yStudi-es.--ea_a.MainstentSwdies.--•••.0-._..LakeStud;es0·"0..9910010110Z6.0L,ITERATIJREC!TEI).--e-- ----•.•_••'._••_............10.47.1TableofContents......................................107~7.0APPENDIX...-.,~..107G7.1.17.1.Z7.1.37.1.4Volume2••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Volume3••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Volume4••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Volume5••••••••••••••••••••••••••~•••••••••••••1071141181Z4~{h(,~s.W/v
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c(j~t~C'*r6~).PAGERadi0Telemetry-•.•-••••••- "••...•..................__StockSeparation..............................................•'..LowerDevi1canyonGi11Netting.2.2.T.42.2.1.52.2.1.62.2.1.7Age~Length-andSex...................•.................141416162.2.2Spawning•••••!................................................17Z--Z.,Z.TMainChannel_...................•''.1720Z.2.2SloughsandStreams.__182.2.2.2.1ChinookSalmonIndexSurveys•••••••••••••••••••••••••202.3"BeringCisco-••••••••••••••••••••••••~••••••••••••~o••••••••••••••202.3.12.3.2MainChannelEscapement••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••MainChannelSpawning•••••••••••••••••••••••••••eoo••••••••••2021@2.4DataAnalysisandEvaluation•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••212.4.12.4.22.4.32.4.42.4.5EulachonLengthData•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••SalmonTagandRecaptureEscapementEstimates••••••••••••••••PresentationofSalmonEscapementEstimates••••••••••••••••••CalculationofMainChannelEscapementTiming••••••••••••••••AgeDetern1ination•••••••'••••••••••••.•.••.••.••.•••••••...••.21222428283.0RESULTSANDDISCUSSION••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••.•.•.•.•293.1Eulachon•••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••.•••.•.•••..•••••••293.1.1Estua~.••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••293.1.2MainChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••34ChinookSallTl(Jn••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••51/'Ta1keetna•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~tdvEstuaryto5151••••0•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••AdultSalmon3.2.13.2.1.13.2(ix
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APPENDIX2-FMAINSTEMSPAWNINGSURVEYS·1.ELECTROSHOCKINGSUMMARY2.VISUALANDGILLNETSUMMARY3.EVALUATIONOFTAGLOSSr;sbe-~II,l:®q
\\c~bAPPENDIX2-Gi8'~(."/SLOUGHANDSTREAMLOCATIONSFROMRM98.6TO161.2LOCATIONOFCHEECHAKOANDCHINOOKCREEKSMAPOFSLOUGHBMAINSTEMSUSITNARIVERSPAWNINGSITEMAPSESCAPEMENTSURVEYSOFSLOUGHSANDSTREAMSTAGGEDjUNTAGGEDRATIOSFROMSPAWNINGGROUNDSURVEYSItIIIl.I2.3.I4.5.I6.I"--I,II-IIP-
"~sio/11'\'5.£S4!0(+;1s0'W(O~.;~~(.::::53."~5~.:;1.~.;..~~/1..~c.~ByDavidR.Bernard_GlenOliverHilliamGoshertandBevCross*\S~)OOf.iPARISONOFSCALEPF.TrERNSFROB3XKEYESAU10NSNlPLEDFroHDIFFERENTsroQ~Sn.;r'lliESUSITNARIVERTI'11982•C'eAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameDivisionofCommercialFisheriesStatewideStockBiologyGroup-----"-January,1983~\?JOC\()~t\t
I~~(/TABLEOFCOITENTSLISTOFFIGUP.ESt,-IISectionLISTOFTABLES....................................................•.....................•.........•....~iiiDISaJSSIOtJ•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••18l\BS'I'RACI'•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••........................................................................................................222447v18232488812·.·.·.·.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................,................................................AgeCCffi};X)sitionComparisonofScalePatternsVariableSelectionClassificationAccuracySampleCollectionAgeComr.ositionComparisonofScalePatternsScaler-Ieasurew.entsClassificationt~tricesLITillA'lURECITEDACKl,TO'JLELGEi'£!I'l'Snl1'RODUcrIoNHE'l1IODSRESULTSIIII,••••~)•••••~\acr\\\\C;o•
--'[(~_f:;>~~/ABSTRl~crScalepatternanalysiswithlineardiscriminantfunctionsHasusedtoexaminetheprobablefateofsod~eyesalr.:onfryspawnedupstreamofCurryStationontheSusitnaRiver.ScalesamplesvleretakenfromsockeyesalmoncollectedatTalkeetnaStation,atCurryStation,fromtheTokositnaRiver,andfromtheconfluenceoftheoutletfromLarsonLakeandtheTalkeetnaRiver.Fishaged1.3aominatethesamplesandareusedintheanalysis.Gravt:Dduringthefirstseasonoflife(1977)isthemostdiscrlininatingscalepatternvariable.Scalepatternsfro;nfishsampledatTokositnaRiverandatLarsonLake(lremostdifferent.FishfromLarsonLakegrewslcvlerforalongerperiodoftlinethandidfishfromtheTokositnaRiver.FishfromTalkeetnaStationontheSusitnaRiveraremorelikefishsamfledatLarsonLakeontheTalkeetnaRiver.FishfromCurryStationaremisclassifiedasbeingfr0mTokositnaRiverorfromLarsonLakemoreoftenthanfromupstreamofCurryStation.SockeyesalffionpassingCurryStationareprobablynotaseparatestock,butarestraysfromTalkeetnaand,ChulitnaRivers.Fryhatchedupstre~ofCurryStationmostprobablydieormovetothel~lerSusitnatorear.~'l,\\-iii-
..,~..,....,...,..-.~-lIIirI!1!*Il"l:>....""•f-S~SAPIJj)bC:IfliP/:,SUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESPHASEIIBASICDATAREPORTVolume3.ResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFishStudiesontheSusitnaRiverBelowDevilCanyon,1982••51,rL-:!~:-.- -•·.1. 1•o....••~.,..".:"0.".;:.~::.:;:•.}~~~!f:t;.•:~;"~;~~.••·;;;1'~.-•".~~'~l~·::~~•.~e·..'"..·..':•.~..-gJI..------J'•,;f~..,~.·~~S~•."'....:.-;;:.~..1..- .•r.~~~-~..g,,-~~!,,-'a·-·-
~~;...__.2.·METHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••007iPage£$+<O~/~~~SamplingSitesandReaches...........17HydraulicZones••••••••••••••••••••••20BiologicalSampling••••••••••••••••••23WinterSeasonMethods................29OtherMethods•••••••••••••ooo.a•••e4oe.ooc••ooo312.1.3.12.1.3.22.1.3.32.1.3ABoatElectrofishingStudies....................7RadiotelemetryStudies.........................11DesignatedFishHabitatStudies••••••••••••••••162.1043.1.1.1RainbowTrout••••_••••••••••.••••••••48DistributionandRelativeAbundance..48MovementandMigratjon••-..............50Spawning•......................_ ,e•••54x2.1.12.1.22.1.3.2.3-.1Fiel-dSamplin9.••..•.••••.••00.-....0·...........372..3..2LaboratoryMethods•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••432.3.•3AnalyticalMethods._...•.•••••.•.•••••••••••••••••••463.1.1ResidentFishSpecies••••••••••••••••••••••••••47OBJECTIVES••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.•.••••••••••.•.•••••.o.• •12.2EmergenceandOutmigrationStudies.......................312.3FoodHabitsofJuvenileSalmon...........................371.1DistributionandAbundanceStudies.......................11.2EmergenceandOutmigrationStudies.......................31.3FoodHabitsofJuvenileSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••••53.1DistributionandAbundanceStudies•••••••••••••••••••••••472.1DistributionandAbundanceStudies.......................7PREFACE•••.••••••.•••.•.•..•••.•..••.••.•.••••..•••........•.•...•.LISTOFTABLES.••..•.•....•....•...........•....•...•.•.........•..xxLISTOFFIGURES.,....................................................xv3•RESULTS.II"-0"'"'~'.........-.'......-.e-·...._.'._••••-......•_G·._.e-••_·e·.e_.....• • • • • • • • • • • • • •47LISTOFPLATES••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••~••••••••••••••••••••••xxivTABLEOFCONTENTS~':':r-'~.~~~.2::·;:~.....~?"'..~._J-L-.....'1-::....b,"....1'..1.--<i:-:::;;'~...:::-1..;....(
c~c:1;5-ite5/Paae---1.1.1.2ArcticGrayling••••••••••••••u55DistributionandRelativeAbundance..5SMovementandMigration•••••••••••••••58Spawning•.•.•••.•e ••-.-.-••••••••••••••e.591.1.1.3Burbot.•..•....•...••.•.•..••....••••~9DistributionandRelativeAbundance..59MovementandMigration.....••••....•••••61Spawning.............................64-3.1.1.4RoundWhitefish.......................65DistributionandRelativeAbundance..65MovementandMigration...............68Spawn;ng••••-••••••_._••••_.••••. . . •••••.•69"3.1.1.5HumpbackWhitefish...................69··DistributionandRelativeAbundance••70MovementandMigration•••••••••••••••72Spawning.............................723.1.1.6LongnoseSucker......................73DistributionandRelativeAbundance••73MovementandMigration•••••••••••••••75Spawning.............................763.1.1.7DollyVarden•••••••••••••••••••••••••77DistributionandRelativeAbundance..77MovementandMigration•••••••••••••••80Spawning••••••.••••••••••.•.•••.•••..803.1.1.8ThreespineStickleback•••••••••••••••80DistributionandRelativeAbundance..80MovementandMigration•••••••••••••••83Spawning••••••.•••••.•••••••.••..•••.833.1.1.9SlimySculpin........................83DistributionandRelativeAbundance..83MovementandMigration•••••••••••••••86Spawning•••••••••••••••..•..•••.•••...863.1.1.10ArcticLamprey•••••••••••••••••••••••87DistributionandRelativeAbundance••87MovementandMigration•••••••••••••••87Spawning••••.••••••••••.••••••.••••••893.1.2JuvenileAnadromousFishSpecies...............89ChinookSalmon•••••••••••••.•••••••••CohoSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••••ChumSalmon••••••.•••••••••.•••••••••SockeyeSalmon••••••••••••••.•••••.••PinkSalmon••••••••••••••••..••••.•••(,3.1.2.13.1.2.23.1.2.33.1.2.43.1.2.5xi89100111118125Es-h~~/
,,1~,Page126C$~~/ChinookSalmon•••..•....•.••..•........•.•....'.127CohoSalmon•••••••••••••••••••.•••.•...••••••••137ChumSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••••.•..••••••••.147SockeyeSalmon••.••••..•••.•.••..•...••.••••.•.153PinkSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~.159SalmonidCollections•••••••••••••••••••••••••••161ImportantFoodTypes•••••••••••••••••••••••••••161ComparisonsBetweenSpecies••••••••••••••••••••164ElectivityIndices•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••177DriftSamplesComparedtoKickScreenSamples••177ComparisonofInvertebrate~opulationsatDifferentSites••••••••••••••••••••••••••1784.1.1.1RainbowTrout••••••••••••••••••••••••192DistributionandRelativeAbundance••192AdultMovementandMigrationPatterns••••••••••••.•.•.•••••••193Spawning.-••.••••••.••.••.••.•.•••..••196JuvenileRearingAreas•••••••••••••••1964.1.1.2ArcticGrayling••••••••••••••••••••••196DistributionandRelativeAbundance••197AdultMovementandMigrationPatterns•.••••••••••••••••••..••200.Spawning••••••.••••.••.•••.••••••.•••203JuvenileRearingAreas•••••••••••••••203l*'~S~EmergenceandOutmigrationStudies•••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.13.2.23.2.33.2.43.2.53.3.13.3.23.3.33.3.43.3.53.3.63.3FoodHabitsofJuvenileSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••1613.24.1DistributionandAbundance~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1924.1.1ResidentFishSpecies••••••••••••••••••••••••••1924.DISCUSSIONANDCONCLUSIONS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••192_.~t1~Co--~.-~.,.l,'"_c~~.-..-8Q~4.1.1.3Burbot'a-o•••••••• -••204DistributionandRelativeAbundance••205'AdultMovementandMigrationPatterns••••••••••.•.••••••••.••205Spawning•••••••••••.••••••••••.••••••207JuvenileRearingAreas•••••••••••••••2084.~.1.4RoundWhitefish••••••••••••••••••••••209DistributionandRelativeAbundance••209AdultMovementandMigrationPatterns2.13Spawning.•.......••.•....••.•.........214JuvenileRearingAreas__••••••••••••••215/S&-fvs-Vxi;I•J,,II,
C'Page4..L1.5HumpbackWhitefish•••••••••••••••••••216DistributionandRelativeAbundance._216AdultMovementandMigrationPatterns••••••••••••••..••••.•••219Spawn;ng.•••.•••........-e-.....-......e.......e..•..• •...22.0JuvenileRearingAreas•••••••••••••••221c'~\~4..1.1.6LongnoseSucker•..- ..-2.22DistributionandRelativeAbundance••222AdultMovementandMigrationPa·tterns......•-~:a0•••00 •••225Spawning0e·••••00-$0 0••e-•••225JuvenileRearingAreas...............2264.1.1.7DollyVarden•••••••••••••••••••••••••227DistributionandRelativeAbundance••228AdultMovementandMigrationPatterns......•......CI•••••••••••0230Spawning•.••••••D••••••••••••••••••••231JuvenileRearingAreas•••••••••••••••2324.1.1.8ThreespineStickleback•••••••••••••••232DistributionandRelative.Abundance••232AdultMovementandMigrationPatterns~•••••••••••••••••••••••234Spawning•••••...••••.••••..••••••••••234JuvenileRearingAreas•••••••••••••••2354.1.1.9SlimySculpin••••••••••••••••••••••••235DistributionandRelativeAbundance••236AdultMovementandMigrationPatterns••••••.•••.•••••••..••••236Spawning•••••••••••••••••.••.••.••••.236JuvenileRearingAreas•••••••••••••••2374.1.1.10ArcticLamprey•••••••••••••••••••••••2374.1.2JuvenileAnadromousFishSpecies•••••••••••••••2384.1.2.14.1.2.24.1.2.34.1.2.4ChinookSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••••238CohoSalmon•••••••••.••••..••••••••••241ChumSalmon.•••••••••••••••.•••••••••246SockeyeSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••••2484.2EmergenceandOutmigration•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••253c4.2.14.2.24.2.34.2.44.2.5ChinookSalmon.•••••••.•••••••••.••••..••.•••••253CohoSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••~•••••••••••256ChumSalmon.••••••••••••••••••••••..•.•••••••.•259SockeyeSalmon•.•.••.•..••••.••...•••...••••.••260PinkSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••262/E:~+.c:~j/xiii
:~.} . sd--) l ~~+~b; ~~::ts and D1str1but1on of Food Organlsrns ••••...•••• P::: 4.3
5. CONTRIBUTORS ••••••• ·••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 272
~· 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .•....•.••.••••.•.•...••......•..•••...... G.OO 274
7. LITERATURE CITED •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 275
8. . a/ APPENDICES •..•••••••....•••..••...•..•.•...••.••.....•...... o.-
a/A-ppendices are. included under separate binder.
xiv
/
--------------------
SUSITNA HYDRO AQUATIC STUDIES
PHASE II BASIC DATA REPORT
Volume 3. Resident and
Juvenile Anadromous Fish Studies
on the Susitna River
Below Devil Canyon, 1982
APPENDICES ·-.• .--... --~-
c8.APPENDICESVOLUME3TABLEOFCONTEIHSPace.-..ListofAppendixFigures.-......•........•....••....•........•··e•••• ; ;ListofAppend;xTables•....•.....•.a-.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •...• • •vListofAppendixReportsoo-•••••••xviii~.~Ir='..._,.~~/I[fII'II("-....../I1-AppendixAAppendixBAppendixCAppendixDAppendixEAppendixFAppendixGAppendixHDistributionandAbundanceData•••••••••••••••••••A-IEmergenceandOutmigrationData.-o-oo--...B-1FoodHabitsofJuvenHeSalmonData•••••••••••••••C-1UpperIndianRiverandUpperPortageCreekStudies•.•••.••••••••••••.•••.•••••••••.•...•0-1TheEffectofFishingTimeonMinnowTrapCatch••••••••••••••••••••••••..••••••••.•••••E-1DownstreamMigrantTrapDesign,Construction,andPlacement•••••••••••••••••••••••F-ILength,Age,andSexSummariesforResidentFish•••••.•••••..••••.•••.•.••••••.•..••.G-1AgeClassSeparationofJuvenileSalmonatDFHSites•••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••.H-l..'i~.ides/i
L--/f:"'\/It'llDo~4f5-PS-t£~$1!PartsIandIISUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESPHASEIIBASICDATAREPORTVolume4:AquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowStudies,19-52.let~10trz.~:.:;~...~'::r-·'~::::_.":-'...."',:!,
XICONTRIBUTORSe'-e--......LXXIPREFACE••••••••••0...-."•••••••••••••••••••.••0••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I/Paoe-~1~)-2.1.3OtherHydrologicalComponents162.1.2ThalwegProfiles..................................152.1.1.2Discharge••••oo•.••..o•.o~..............122.1.1.1.1MainstemStaffGageLocations62.1.1.1.2Non-mainstemStaffGageLocations.................102.1.3.1BackwaterAreas.........................162.1.3.2OpenChannel............................192.1Hydro1ogica1Investigations•••••~_.••••...•••••..•••••••••• 5661-(',5~2.2WaterQualityInvestigations........................•.••••202.1.1.1Stage...................................52.1.1StageandDischarge...............................5FOREWORDo••at-.....................................xUSTOFFIGURES••--••e.-•••••-•••_._••.•.e_.•.~•••-•.••••••••••••••••XVIlIPART1US!OFPLATES_ '-.---- --....--XXVIIIUSTOFTABLES-e·"-"...........xxvACKNOWLEDGEMENTS'0••••_..LXXIVMAPLEGEND........................................................LXXVLISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES,TABLES,ANDPLATES......................XXX1.OBJECTIVES•••••••••••••.•.••••'•••••••••••••••••••••••••-........12.METHODS......................................................5TABLEOFCONTENTStIer....~[~lI([0·IIIIIIIeIr
3.RESULTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••e•••••••~••••••••••••IIPage•Ii20,2020.,-21,2425.,-26,28.30'P3434343436374366798589100106106113~sk5l31ijxn3.1.1.4.1MainstemSites•••••••••••••••3.1.1.4.2Tr;butaries~•••••••••••••••••3.1..1.4.3Sl.Qughs••••"•••••••••_••••••••Q3.1.1.4Ma;nstem,SloughsandTributariesDownstreamofTalkeetna••••••••••••••3.1.1.2SloughsintheTalkeetnatoDevilCanyonoftheSusitnaRiver••••••••••3.1.1.2.1UplandSloughs•••••••••••••••3.1.1.2.2SideSloughs•••••••••••••••••3.1.1.3TributariesEetweenTalkeetnaandDevilCanyon.3.1.1-5UpstreamofDevilCanyon••••••••••••••••3.1.1.1MainstemSi"tesBetweenTalkeetnaandDevilCanyon•••••••••.•••••.•••.•••.•3.1.2ThalwegProfiles_._•....•..-0•••••••&2.2.1.1SurfaceWaterTemperature•••••••••••••••2.2.1.1.1InstantaneousSurfaceWaterTemperature•••••••••••••••2.2.1.1.2ContinuousSurfaceWaterTemperature•••••••••••••••2.2.1Temperatures••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~••3.1.3OtherHydrologicalComponents••••••.-.••••••••••-••3.1.1StageandDischarge•••••••o•••o••••••••~•••••••••2.2.3TotalDissolvedGases••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.1.2IntragravelWaterTemperature•••••••••••2.2.1.2.1InstantaneousIntragravelWaterTemperature•••••••••2.2.1.2.2ContinuousIntragravelWaterTemperature•••••••••2.2.2OtherBasicFieldParameters•••••••••••••••••••••3.1HydrologicalInvestigations••••••••••••••••~••••••••••••TABLEOFCOrrrENT~~~.it:::)~Cont1nUedJ~\Y.;;l"...."'!'!"r""!"..........t"j":.._·u~·.,.:.;i:,"-;.,9D.r.~.-~_.........-.1c=cc
3.1.3.1BackwaterAreas.·..•.•••••••••••1133.1.3..2OpenChannels......._•••••••••-.......•••••••141c_~TABLEOFCONTENTS•r)ttlSb't(Cantlnued)~.1)~)sY)Pager~7·'C"y3.2WaterQualityInvestigations............................1413.2.1Temperature..•.e.ee-........1413.2..1.1MainstemaetweenTalkeetnaandDevilCanyon.....................1433.2.1.1.1SurfaceWaterTempe·rature.......1433.2.1.1.2IntragravelWaterTemperature1443.2•.1.2SloughsBetweenTalkeetnaandDevilCanyon.........................1443.2.1.2.1SurfaceWaterTemperature....1443.2.1.2.2IntragravelWaterTemperature1463.2.1.3TributariesBetweenTalkeetnaandDevilCanyon.....................1483.2.1.3.1SurfaceWater·Temperature....1483.2.1.3.2IntragravelWaterTemperature1493.2.1.4Mainstem,SloughsandTributariesDownstreamofTalkeetna..............1503.2.1.4.1SurfaceWaterTemperature....1503.2.1.4.2IntragravelWaterTemperature1533.2.1.5Locations.UpstreamofDevilCanyon......1533.2.1.5.1SurfaceWaterTemperature....1533.2.1.5.2IntragravelWaterTemperature1543.2.2OtherBasicFieldParameters.....................1543.2.2.1MainstemandSideChannelsBetweenTalkeetnaandDevilCanyon...........1553.2.2.2SloughsBetweenTalkeetnaandDevilCanyon.........................1553.2.2.2.1UplandSloughs...............1563.2.2.2.2SideSloughs.................1573.2.2.3TributariesBetweenTalkeetnaandDevilCanyon.....................1613.2.2.4MainstemandSideChannelsDownstreamofTalkeetna..............164.G5~~/XIII
!IjIi,IiJI-i,••,Ii•IPage165167169170175175175180180180186c5j<C-5~/XIV/~4.1.3.1BackwaterAreas•••••••••••••••••••••••••4.1.3.2OpenChannels.••.••••.•••••••••.....••••3.2.2.7LocationsUpstreamofDevilCanyon••••••3.2.2.5SloughsDownstreamofTalkeetna•••••••••3.2.2.6TributariesDownstreamofTalkeetna•••••3.2.3TotalDissolvedGases••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4.1.1StageandDischarge......•••••..•••.••....•......4.1.2ThalwegProfiles•••••••.•••••••••••-••.•••••.••.•.4.1.3Other~ydrologicalComponents••••••••••••••••••••4.2.1Temperature......................................1864.2.2OtherBasicFieldParameters.....................1894.2.3TotalDissolvedGases............................197-4.1Hydro1ogicalInvestigations•••••••••••••eo••••••••••••••4.2WaterQualityInvestigations............................1864.DISCUSSION.•••••••••.•••••.•....••..•.•.••..••..: .TABLEOFCONTENTS(C./~IL)(ontln~rQcc
cTABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)Pace~1.OBJECTIVES..•••-.-••-••••••••.•.••••.••••••.•••••••.•.a_...........••203j~~~~1.1AdultAnadromousFishHabitatInvestigations•••••••••••••2031.1.1SalmonHabitat.•......................•.......•....Ct2041.1.1.1Mai-nstenJ.O'O'••O'O'.O'.O'O'••O'O'O'O'.O'.O'e·..........2041•.1.1•.251ough••"...•....0_0••••••_••.•...-0-0..........O'.•.•..•2041.1.2EulachonHabitat••••••••••••••••••••o•••••~•••••••2051.1.3BeringCiscoHabitat..............................2061.2JuvenileAnadromousFish.HabitatInvestigations••••••••••2071.3ResidentFishHabitatInvestigation......................208xvc~c/2.METHODS•••••••••'l!'.-••••••••••••e-•••••••••._ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••210l.lAdultAnadromousFishHabitatInvestigations.............210l.l.lGeneralMainstemandLowerRiverStudies..........2102.1.1.1MainstemSalmon..........................2102.1.1.2Eulachon.................................2132.1.1.~BeringCisco.............................2162.1.2GeneralSloughandTributaryStudies••••••••••••••2182.1.3SpecificSloughStudies...........................2192.1.3.1Modeling........•.e••••••••••••••••••••••2202.1.3.2HabitatAvailabilityandUtilization•••••2212.1.3.2.1Availability..................2212.1.3.2.2Utilization~..................2222.1.3.2.3WaterQuality•••••••••••••••••2222.2JuvenileAnadromousFishHabitatInvestigations..........2232.3ResidentFishHabitatInvestigations•••••••••••••••~•••••2322.3.1Mainstem..........................................23"22.3.1.1RadioTelemetryStudies••••••••••••••••••2322.3.3.2MiscellaneousSpawningFish..............2332.3.2SloughandTributary..............................2333.RESULTS.......................................................2343.1AdultAnadromousFishHabitatInvestigations.............234./t:s16/'
4.2JuvenileAnadromousFishHabitatInvestigations••••••••••3264.1AdultAnadromousFishHabitatInvestigations.............292.~~'!i'£L'5~/C:!1g)XVI4.1.1.2.1SpawningSiteSelection.......2944.1.1.2.2TimingofSpawning••••••••••••.2954.1.1.2.3Access•..••.•..••••...••.••••.3014.1-1.2.4Modeling••••••••••••••••••••••3133.1.1.1Mainstem.................................2343.1.1.2Slough•.•••.•••.••••••..•••....•.•.•..•..2363.1.1.2.1Modeling••••••••••••••••••••••2363.1.1.2.2HabitatSummaries••••o........2423.1.1.2.3WaterQuality•••••••••••••••••.2483.1.1.2.4AvailableandUtilizedHabitats••••••••••2593.1.1.2.5GeneralSlough••••••••••••••••2674.1.2Eulachon•••~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••~....3154.1...3BeringCisco........••................•.....3234.1.1.1Mainstem•.•.••o••o••••oo•••••••••••••••••·2924.1.1.2$lough•..••..••Go••••••••••••••••••••••••2943.3.1RainbowTrout•.•.••••..•.•••••••...••...•.....•••..2853.3.2Burbot•••••••••••••••.••.•••••••..••..•.•...•••...2883.3.3Other•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~•••••••••••2883.1.2SockeyeSalmon•..••••.••••.•••••.••...•••..•••••.•2673.1.3PinkSalmon•••••••••••~••••••••••••••o••••••••••••2683.1.4CohoSalmon.••.•••••.•.•••••••.•..••..............2683.1.5ChinookSalmon.•••·.•••••••••••..••...•••••..••••..2683.1.6Eulachon•..•••....•••..••.•..••.•............•....2693.1.7BeringCisco••.•...•.••••.•••.....................2774.2.1ChumSalmon-3294.2.2SockeyeSalmon.••..•.•.••••.••••..•.•.........•...3334•2•3Co"hoSa1men.•••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••.••. . •••• •3344.2.4Chinook.Salmon..•..-.·-.0-••••••••••••0·3374.1.1SalmonSpecies•.••••.••..••0..00.0...............2923.2JuvenileAnadromousFishHabitatInvestigations••••••••••2853.3ResidentFishHabitatInvestigations•••••••••••••••••••••285TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont;nue~\t7~.IPage3.1.1ChumSalmon•••.•••••.••••.••••..•::•..•.•..••..•..2344.DISCUSSION••••••.••••..••.••••••.••o•••••••••oo•••••••••••••••292c'c~(=~
c~,TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)\!'~g"JPage-4.3ResidentFishHabitatInvestigations.....................3394.3.1RainbowTrout.......................................•••••3414.3.2ArcticGrayling•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••J454.3.3Bumat- - --.......................348"4-•.3.4-RoundWhitefish_.•••••••3514.3.5HumpbackWhitefish................................3544.3..6LongnoseSucker••••••••••••••••••••••0_.•.....•••••••3564.3-.7OtherSpecies..........•••••••••••••••••.•••••••.•3584.3.7.1DollyVarden•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3584·.3.7•.2-ThreespineStickleback••••••__••••••••••••359.,.4.3.7.3SlimySculpin..••••••••••••••••••••••••••3604•.3.•.1.4ArcticLamprey••••0••••••••••••'•••••".....3615.LITERAnJRECITED-.......................................362(;)(~---,'-6.APPENDICES~AppendixAStage/DischargeData••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4-A-1AppendixBSloughAvailabilityandUtilizationData••••••••••4-B-1AppendixCTemperatureData••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4-C-1Appendix0WaterQualityData••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4-D-1AppendixESurveyData•••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••~-E-lAppendixFHabitatLocationDescription.andPhotos•••••••••••4-F-1AppendixGCatchData••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4-G-1AppendixHCPUEData•••••••••••••••••••-••••••••••••••••••••••4-H-lAppendixIHabitatData••••••••~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4-I~1.AppendixJIce-CoveredSeason(1981-82)HabitatData•••••••••4-J-1t;~r:t)/XVII
1~)2..(c-~sfe-sJ{4!c.,i.I'.-11.;[;'-1~"rIrII~tI...~--".;jPIIDP&-#stb1,'·'···5'·····'····.-''''.'-'-'-',.."'.,";-.9~____._•..__"o~.._AppendicesA-CSUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESPHASEIIBASICDATAREPORTVolume4:AquaticHabitatandlnstreamFlowStudies,1'98"2.~V';..~~.~-~~;._.:._':.,:'::--:",,:..,.:.,~-';'_~:.-7"'~fft~i·~~~.-~~L:::~:::~~~~.-_..--~.~~.-'-". .'~..;.~,~_.-"1\.1\..~.,~;o.""J.:-.'-~c~~",~.....~~~-~:~'.~C':-~-~-~-:f~"--~~i~so~-,-~~~~:?:~2;:-Q'~'1~::~l=<'7~~""~2-~-,-:'~=~~~~":-:l!lf~·~E~t!{':~~~~-~~::"'.fl1-.·.1I,"-~;-€~1
FishHabitatInvestigations......••.....•.~..339-,~)S06.4.3• ;nbowTrout.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3414.3.2Grayling.................·3454.3.3Burba..•••..••.•.3484.3.4RoundWh,..•.••.•.•..••••3514.3.5HumpbackWhith..••.••••••..••••.3544.3.6LongnoseSucker.....•.•.••.••..••...3564.3.7OtherSoecies..••••.........•.•..358yVarden.........358ThreespineStickleback...359SlimySculpin................360ArcticLamprey....................••.361LITERATURECITED••.••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••.•••••••..•••.•APPENDICES"AppendixAStage/DischargeData.••.•••.••...••.•.••••..••....4-A-1AppendixBSloughAvailabilityandUtilizationData.••.......4-B-1AppendixCTemperatureData••....•.••.•••.••••.•....•.••..•.•4-C-1AppendixDWaterQualityData•..••••••••••••.•.•••••.•••..•.•4-D-lAppendixESurveyData~....•.....•.o•••••••••••••••••••••••••4-E-lAppendixFHabitatLocationDescriptionandPhotos••..•......4-F-lAppendixGCatchData4-G-lAppendixHCPUEData.......................•.................4-H-lAppendixIHabitatData4-I-lAppendixJIce-CoveredSeason(1981-82)HabitatData.••......4-J-1~~sG:s-l:e.s/XVII
\645APPENDIXA1t,5~STAGE/DISCHARGEDATA4_A_1£sbs,/Thisappen~ixincludesmainstemdischargesversusmainstemandsloughwatersurfaceelevations(pp.4-A-2to4-A-32);crosssectionalprofilesofsloughs(pp.4-A-33to4-A-Sl);mainstem,slough,andtributarydischargedata(pp.4-A-S2to4-A-61),periodicwatersurfaceelevationsforsloughs(pp.4-A-62to4-A-79);continuoushourlystreamflowandsurfacewatertemperaturerecordsforIndianRiverandPortageCreek(pp.4-A-80to4-A-177);periodicwatersurfaceelevationsandmeasuredflowatsloughsandtributaries(pp.4-A~178to4-A-183);andsurfaceareasofaggregatetypeIIhydrauliczonesatDFHsitescomparedwithmainstemdischarges(pp.4-A-184to4-A-187).ThesedatawerecollectedduringtheopenwaterseasoninthestudyarealocatedwithintheCookInlettoTalkeetnareachoftheSusitnaRiver.
c-~SLOUGHAVAILABILITYANDUTILIZATIONDATAThisappendixincludesdepths,velocities,andsubstratetypesforChumChannel,RabideuxSloughandsloughs8A,9and21thatwereavailableto{pp.4-8-2to4-8-89}andutilizedby(pp.4~8-90to4-8-100)chum,pinkandsockeyesalmonforspawningatvarioussloughdischarges.Italsocontainsacompletesunmaryofinstantaneousintragravelandsurfacewatertemperaturedataatreddsinsloughs8A,9,11and21(pp.4-8-92to4-8-100).Othertemperaturedataforthesesloug~s,notincludedin<::;thisappendix,arepresentedinAppendicesCandD.AppendixCincludesacompletesummaryofcontinuoussurfaceandintragravelwatertemperaturescollectedwiththermographsanddatapodsintheseandother",locations.Italsoincludestheinstantaneoustempe'~turedataincludedinthisAppendix.InstantaneoussurfaceandintragravelwatertemperaturedatacollectedalongtransectsinSloughs8A,9,98,11and21,andatspecifiedlocationsinsloughs8A,9and21areinAppendixD.Mainstemdepthandvelocityutilizationdataforeulachon,8eringciscoandchumsalmonspawningsitesarepresentedinAppendixF.Alloftheabovedatawerecollectedduringtheopen-waterseasoninthestudyarealocatedwithintheCookInletto~DevilCanyonreachofthe(-=~SusitnaRiver.Tai54-8-1/£st~
ThisappendixincludesanindexofcontinuoustemperaturedatacollectedintheSusitnaRiverbasin,1981-1982,(pp4-C-2to4-C-6);acompletesummaryofcontinuoussurfacewatertemperaturescollectedduringtheopenwaterseasoninmainstem,sloughs,andtributaries(pp.4-C-7to4-C-94).weeklywatertemperaturescalculatedfromthemainstem,sloughandtributarydata(4-C-95to4-C-118);continuousintragravelandcTEMPERATUREDATA1.,'1a..~~J··'.;.'1~;f'IJ,I~,Ii,J:~l'·1surfacewatertemperaturescollectedduringtheopenwaterseasoninC;sloughs(pp.4-C-1l9to4-C-221);5unmariesofcontinuoussurfaceandintragravelwatertemperaturescollectedduringtheice-coveredseasoninsloughs(pp.4-C-222to4-C-260);weeklywatertemperaturescalculatedfromthesurfaceandintragraveldata(4-C-261to4-C-271);(~/andinstantaneousintragravelandsurfacewatertemperaturesinsloughscollectedduringtheopenwaterseasonatsalmonredds(pp.4-C-272to4-C-276).Thesedatawerecollectedduringtheopenwaterandice-coveredseasonsinthestudyarealocatedwithintheCookInlettoOshetnareachof,theSusitnaRiver.Instantaneoussurfacewatertempera~uredatacollectedduringtheice-coveredseason,notincludedinthissunmary,arelocatedinAppendixJ.----//E:s--{-cS/4-C-ltl!l5IE~:~'I,IiI,.IiIiIIIII~I~I'IiIII"j-,!~~d
"--;APIJDbC4l~7t5/"'"!2:b"(E>·t',\-[.--~...-'.I •\~_.l:~~Ir-;~~;.:~:':~.7:_:If".JAppendicesD-J--.~-_....-,..;......;;:..~..-.-'.....r·~~1"5h.SUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESPHASEI IBASICDATAREPORTVolume4:AquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowStudies,1982..0;-0'';'"''i..---~;~·~~~i:~"?<::;,::..~:.::::.:-.__
ITERATURECITED•••.••••••••.••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.••••-4.3.14.3.24.3.34.3.44.3.54.3.64.3.7'Investigations..•.••.•••.•..•..ollyVarden.••••••••••••~ThreespineStickleback•••.•••••SlimySculpin.Arcti cLamprey•••.••••.•...••.•.••.••.341345348351354356358358359360•361I6.APPENDICES".AppendixAStage/DischargeData•••••••••••••••~•••••••••••••.4-A-1AppendixBSloughAvailabilityandUtilizationData.••••.••.•4-B-1AppendixCTemperatureData••.•..••••.••••••••••••.••••.•••••4-C-1AppendixDWaterQualityData•••••••••••••..••••••••••••.••••4-D-1AppendixESurveyData4-E-lAppendixFHabitatLocationDescriptionandPhotos••••••...•.4-F-1AppendixGCatchData4-G-lAppendixHCPUEData4-H-lAppendixIHabitatData•....•.•••••••.•.••..•.••••.•~.•..•••.4-I-lAppendixJIce-CoveredSeason(1981-82)HabitatData•••.....•4-J-1l=::s-\e--S./XVII
seasoninthestudyarealocatedwithintheCookInlettoOshetnaRivertemperatureandspecificconductancedatafromsloughs8A,9,98,11and21Ki;.;<£-s..fe.G/andtntragravelwater4-0-1APPENDIX0Ice-coveredseasonwaterqualttydataareWATERQUALITYDATAThesedatawerecollectedduringtheopen-waterApartiallistingofthewaterqualitydataFishHabitatsites,includedinthisappendix,isreachoftheSusitnaRivero.(pp.4-D-85to4-0-96)0presentedinAppendix104-0-43);mainstemanddesignatedfishhabitatsit~waterqualitydata(pp.4-0-44to4-0-68);mainstemandsloughprovisionalwaterqualitydata(pp.4-0-69to4-0-84);andinstantaneoussurfaceThisappendixisacompletesUl11T1aryofthedissolvedgasdata(pp.4-0-2to•t--~;r,.I,It•s:.-•I!!z"t.·..-.·,:.:iI~"""locatedinAppendixJ.~~ol1e~tedatDesignated»"-~..•I,L·~:;II
cAPPENDIXE.SURVEYDATAl4~l4-E-1QIIIII(I~1-.Thisappendixincludesacompletesurmnaryoftheheadpinandcrosssectiona1 elevationsobta1nedatstudytransects(reportedinfeet)fromfivesitesduring1982:ChumChannel,RabideauxSlough,and,s.loughs8A,9,and21.CrosssectionsandwatersurfaceelevationsfortheseandotherlocationsareillustratedinAppendixA.Thalwegp.rofiledataare.alsapresentedforsloughs8A,9,11,and21'.ThalwegprofilesareillustratedinVolume4,PartI.Thesedatawerecollectedduringtheopen-waterseasoninthestudyarealocatedwithintheCookInlettoDevilCanyonreachoftheSusitnaRiver.Tablesareorderedbysloughwithindividualtablesincluding:headpindataforeachslough,crosssectionaldataforeachtransectwith-ineachslough(numberoftransectsdifferedbetweensloughs),andthalwegelevations.Transectsineachsloughwereorientedperpen-diculartothedirectionofwaterflowandhadlimitsdefinedbytwoheadpinslocatedonleftandrightbanksofthesloughchannel(lookingupstream).DefinitionsofTermsUsedinThisAppendixTableheadingsforheadpinandcrosssectionaltablesaredefinedasfollows:1)BenchMarkisthatpointintheirmtediatevicinityofthestudysite(i.e.,headpin,nailintreebase,orground)~:S"1~3..-/,/
APPENDIXF • .(eJ1qHASITATLOCATIONDESCRIPTIONANDPHOTOS.t:--~k5C)P"-..-/Thisappendixincludesdescriptions,maps,and/orphotosofall.mainstem,sidechannel,slough,andtributarystudyareas.Therearetwoparts:thefirstdescribesstudyareasinvestigatedwithregardtospawningadultanadromousfish(PP.4-F-Zto4-F-9l)andtheseconddescribesstudyareasinvestigatedwithregardtojuvenileanadromousandresidentfish(4-F-93to4-F-Z14).Otherdescriptions,mapsandphotographsofthesestudyareasareincludedinVolume4,PartsIandII.Thesedatawerecollectedduringtheopen-waterseasoninthestudyarealocatedwithintheCookInlettoDevilCanyonreachoftheSusitnaRiver.4-F-l
Es+~'S1.•r"~~1CATCHDATAAPPENDIXG0\\4-G-lAlljuvenileanadromousandresidentfishcatchdata(i.e.tminnowtrapttrotlinetbeachseinetdipnettbackpackelectrofishing)texceptboatelectrofishingdatatforthe17DesignatedFishHabitatsitesby2-weekperiodsfromearlyJunetotheendofSeptember1982areincludedinthisappendix.AdditionallYtcatchdataaretncludedfortwosites(STough2.0andPortageCreekmouth)sampledinearlyOctober.ThesedatawerecollectedinthestudyarealocatedwithintheCookInlettoDevilCanyonreachoftheSusitnaRiver.Thecatch.dataarepresentedbyzoneandbygeartype.ZonecodesaredefinedinPartlItSection2.2andgearcodesandspeciescodesaredefinedinthefollowingtable.I:~,:L':,ii,'"•~•.•.~,,~:..·Ja~~,.,,:\iiI,~r,','::•;~1"{""•.~,:::~•Iii
~(',,----~/APPENDIXHCATCHPERUNITEFFORTDATA€:~.TheCPUEdataarepresentedbyzoneandbygeartype.ZonecodesaredefinedinPartII,Section2.2andgearcodesandspeciescodesaredefined"-inthefollowingtables.4-H-l.(j;kS~IIIe1-
C'APPENDIXr£'S~G~/HABITATDATA*'0,/4-1-1Thedataobtainedfrommixingzones,wheretributary,sloughormainstemwatermix(zone3,zone5,andzone7),canvarywidely,depend;ngonexactlywhereinthezonethesamplewastaken.Waterqualityandvelocitydataforthe17DesignatedFishHabitatsiteswhichwerecollectedtwiceamonthonaregularlyscheduledbasisareincludedinthisappendix.ThesedataarerepeatedinAppendixDandsupplementedwithsimilardatacollectedonanirregularbasisatthesesites.ThemethodsdescribinghowthesedatawereobtainedandanexplanationoftheZoneCodeareinPartII,Section2..2.ofthisvolume.Thesedatawerecollectedduringtheopen-waterseasoninthestudyarealocatedwithintheCookInlettoDevilCanyonreachoftheSusitnaRiver.~Ib,IIIIIIIfI
!l''J>..........#~...~-s-\es/q~~APPENDIXJICE-COVEREDSEASON(1981-8Z~HABITATDATAusingPeabody-Ryanthermographs.nesswasmeasuredfromthetopoftheicetothebottom.depthwasmeasuredfromthebottomoftheicetothesubstrate.Watertemperature,pH,dissolvedoxygen,andspecificconductancewere:."~.:measuredwithaHydrolabModel404LMeterswerecalibratedbeforeand~.' -..,.=,''3aftereachfieldsamplingperiod.Turbiditysampleswerecollectedin25~ml,fr:8polyethylenebottlesandstoredinacool,darklocationuntilanalyzed.:;"~:-:i:.~~~.:r;r''(lj;~--.~_.AnalysiswasdoneusingaHachlaboratoryModel2100Aturbidimeter.Water~..f;.:P·Icethick-i"~-,):-'-~':"Surfaceand~;<.:~intragravelwatertemperatureweremonitoredcontinuouslyatselectedsitesi'.r~Jf'-4-J-loxygen,specificconductance,turbidity,waterdepth,andicethickness.I.~~AirtemperaturewasmeasuredwithcalibratedBrooklynmercurythermometers.=•=~~3~Variablesmeasuredincludeairtemperature,watertemperature,pH,dissolved;rDatawerecollectedatsitespreviouslysampledduringthe1981open-water,~.'..-seasonandatselectedsitesinconjunctionwithradiotelemetrystudies.~o:;.Open-waterseasonhabitatdataarelocatedinAppendicesC,.DandI.;~withintheCookInlettoOshetnaRiverreachoftheSusitnaRiver.Thisappendixincludesphysicalandchemicaldatathatwere.measuredinstan-taneouslyduringthe.ice-coveredseasontodescribegeneralhabitatcondi-tions.Continuoussurfaceandintragrave.lwatertemperaturesinsloughsare••••1;1''~;,:...,.locatedinAppendixC.Thesedatawerecollectedinthestudyarealocated'~-~.'"
-ZJ~OI-..=.---'.1_•••••J.1iOdmfvJ.va::)1svaIIa:SVHdSa:ICI11J.S:JIJ.vnbvDRamVN.tISnS68aIsalpnlSluampunodmI~aAIUuUlJsns~addn:gamnloA_._-------_._.-------
LISTOFAPPENDIXDFIGURES••••••••••~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••XXIV",:1.14568442020204420811511112141416IXXXXVXIXXXIXXVIXIIIXVIIPage-.,t~tLfj3.Ll.2..1InstantaneousWaterQuality.•..•.•.•..........3.1.1.2.2ContinuousSurfaceWaterTemperature•••••••••~~15\3.1.1.1GeneralStreamDescriptions••••••••••••3.-1.1.2.WaterQu.ality...........•-•••••••••••••••••.GeneralObjectives••••••••.•••••••.•••••••••••••••.••.•AquaticHabitatInvestigations•••••••••••••••••••••••••ResidentFisheriesInvestigations•••••••••••••••A••••••Background••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••.•••••••••.GeneralStudyDesign••••••••••••••••.•••••••.••••••.••..AquaticHabitatInvestigations•••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.1TopographicalandGeneralPhysicalCharacteristicsofAquaticHabitats•••••••••••2~2.2WaterQuality~•••.••••••••••••••.•••••••••._••••.2.2.3Discharge•••••••..••.••..•.•••..••.•...••....•..2o~4LakeMappingandMorphometricData••••••••••••••ResidentFisheriesInvestigations••••••••••••••••••••••..............................................0••••••••••••~)RESUlTS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••-..-::;·3.~.1AquaticHabitatInvestigations.2.3INTRODUCTION•••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••0..............13.1TributaryHabitatandFisheriesInvestigations•••••••••2.12..2MrrHODS..................•...--••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••01.11.21.31.4ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS••••••••••••••••-eo•••••0•••••••0 • 0••••0 •-0eo•••••••CONTRIBUTORS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••o••coac•••••••oo•••••LISTOFTABLES••••••••••••••••••••••o.••••••••••••••••!•••••••••••LISTOFFIGURES.•••••••••.••••.••••••••••.••.•••.•••••.••..•.••..lISTOFPLATES••.••••••••.•.••••.•••••••••.•.•••.••..0-••••••••••••LISTOFAPPENDIXBFIGURES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••Q•••••••••••3.1.LISTOFAPPENDIXCTABLES••••••-••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.PREFACETABLEOFCONTENTS(~C.'cx
3.1.1.3Di.scharge-..52C'TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)~5i~s~~vPage/c:3.1.2ResidentFisheriesInvestigations..•••••••••••••593.1.2.1ArcticGrayling••••••••••••••••••••••593.1.2.2.DollyVarden••-_......893.2MainstemHabitatandFisheriesInvestigations••••••••••903.2.1AquaticHabitatInvestigations~.903.2.1.1GeneralCharacteristicsofMainstemStudyArea,•••••••••••••••••903.2.1.2WaterQuality- •_._...............923.2..1..3Discharge...••...943.2.1.4MainstemSloughHabitats•••••••••••••••943.2.2ResidentFisheriesInvestigations963.Z.2.1Burbot963.2.2.2LongnoseSucker1003.2.2.3OtherSpecies1063.3LakeHabitatandFisheries Investigations••••••••••••••1083.3.1AquaticHabitatInvestigations1083.3.1.1GeneralCharacteristicsofSallyLake..1083.3.1.2WaterQuality..........................1143.3.2~esidentFisheries Investigations•••••••••••••••1153.3.2.1LakeTrout•.••••••••••.••....0.........1153.3.2.2ArcticGrayling1154.DISCUSSION..................•................................116(-~4.1TributaryHabitatandFisheriesInvestigations•••••••••1164.1.1WaterQuality...................................1164.1.1.1InstantaneousWaterQuality............1164.1.1.2ContinuousSurfaceWaterTemperature..••.••.••.•••..•••.•••••.1174.1.2Discharge••••••..••.••..•..••••........•......••1184.1.3StreamGradient.•...••.••...•••.•••......•.•••..1204.1.4FishPassageBarriers•••••••••••••••••••••••••••1224.1.5SalmonSpawningHabitat•••••••••••••••••••••••••1264.1.6ArcticGraylingPopulationEstimates••••••••••••127XI
Page'"~141142143~143144~1451461471495-A-15-A-15-B-15-C-15-0-1.,~~":~II~"II:';j~-....IIf=:I,~-p.,,:...~Ii;~•\,~Lf6~crXII~~~~AppendixA••..•••••••••••••••••••••.•.•..•••....•.••.•.AppendixB•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••00••••Appendix.C••.•••••••••••••••••••..•••••.•.•...0••••••••AppendixD•••o••••••••••~••••••••••••••••••o•••••••o•••4.3.1ResidentFishSpecies•••••••••••••••••••••••••••4.2.1WaterQuality•••.•.•••••••••••.••.•...•.•.•.•....4.2.2MainstemSloughHabitats••••••••••••••••••••••••4.2.3ResidentFishSpecies•••••••••••••••••••••••••••4.1.7ArcticGraylingSpawningandJuveniles••••••••••4.1.8ArcticGraylingMigration•••••••••••••••••••••••4.2MainstemHabitatandFisheriesInvestigations••••••••••5.LITERATURECITED••....•..•.•.•..•.....••..•.........•.......6.APPENDICES•..•••.••••..••••.....•.•••.•••••.................TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued),~.4.3LakeHabitatandFisheriesInvestigations••••••••••••••",(~,7r~~~c~
r•IIIj[••JJ\
ctS/C~TABLEOFCONTENTSPace--PREFACE.. •. ••••••••••. •••••••••••••••••••. ••••••••. •••••••••••••• ;LISTOFFIGURES.........•.••.......•.....•..........•-...•........xxiiLISTOFTABLES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0••••••••••••••••e.xx;V1.INTRODUCTION.•••. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. . •••••••••• 11.1Purposeofreport••.•...•.•.••.•......•.••........•.•..1.2Studyobjectives...•....•.•.........•.............••....1.3Utilityoftherepor~inimpactanalysisandmitigationp1ann;ng.-.'..•-....-.....-.....-..-0'••:..•••--••~•.•a-a•••••••-.~.1222.RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONOFTHEFISHANDHABITATSTUDIESONTHESUSITNARIVERBELOWDEVILCANyON.....................d2.1Chi-nooksalmon•....•.•.·..••..ooooo...............4462.1.1.3.1Discharge,waterquality,andtemperaturerelation-shipswiththeadultsalmonmigration................10~2.1.1.3.2Otherfactorsthatinfluencethespawning'successofchinook2.1.1.2Adultescapement....................82.1.1.3Habitatandenvironmentalparametersassociatedwiththeadultphaseofthelifecycle(upstreammigration,passage,spawning)..........................10Adultphaseoflifecycle••••••••••••••••••••2.1.1.1Adultharvestbysport,commerc'ial,andsubsistencefisheries•••....•....•.....••.......2.1.1\\~salmon...................142.1.2Juvenilerearingandmigrationphases••~........152.1.2.1Relativeabundanceofjuvenilechinooksalmon..........................15E-xi
2.2Cohosalmon.................•.........o•••••••••oo.e.oo28Pagecs/Waterqualityandthenna1re1ationship.••••.•••.23habitat.......................21Discharge(velocityanddepth)relationshipsandtheireffectsonindicesofavailablechanges..•...•......o.....o....242.1.2.2.4Otherphysicalandbio-logicalconstraints...........272.1.2.2.2Timingofoutmigrationfromthetributaries,sloughs,andmainstemanditsrelationshiptoenvironmental2.1.2.2.3Foodsupplyforrearingjuvenilesanditsrelationshiptootherparametersandpreferencedependencyofspeciesinthesystem...oooo••ooo.oo••ooe26xii2.2.1.2Adultescapement...................312.2.1.3Habitatandenvironmentalparametersassociatedwiththeadultphaseofthelifecycle......312.1.2.2Habitatandenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwiththejuvenilephaseofthelifecycle.................202.1.2.2.1Physicalhabitatconditionsofrearingjuveniles.....................212.2.1Adultphaseoflifecycle....................282.2.1.1Adultharvestbysportandcommercialfisheries...............28TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)~\~~,-\~c~\~~c
cTABLEOFCONTB'n3(Continued)C-~/Paae----2.2.22.2.1.3.1Discharge,waterquality,andtemperaturerelationshipswiththeadultsalmonmigration........332.2.1.3.2Otherfactorsthatin-fluencethespawningsuccessofcohosalmon........35Juvenilerearingandmigrationphases........35@-.~C\,}./~~\\2.2.2.12.2.2.2Relativeabundanceofjuvenilecohosalmon•••.•..•..••.•..•.••••••Habitatandenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwiththejuvenilephaseofthelifecycle••••••••••••••••••2.2.2.2.1Physicalhabitatconditionsofrearingjuveniles••••••••••••••••Discharge(velocityanddepth)relationshipsandtheireffectsonindicesofavailable363839~=-~"-/habitat••••••...•••••oOGO39Waterqualityandthermalrelationships....402.2.2.2.2Timingofoutmigrationfromthetributaries,sloughs,andmainstemanditsrelationshiptoenvironmentalchanges..................412.2.2.2.3Foodsupplyforrearingjuveniles·anditsrelationshiptootherparametersandpreferencedependencyofspeciesinthesystem...............422.2.2.2.4Otherphysicalandbio-logicalconstraints......432.3Sockeyesalmon........•..o......•..oo............442.3.1Adultphaseoflifecyr.le.......................44xiii
2.3.3Juvenilerearingandmigrationphases...........532.3.3.1Relativeabundanceofjuvenilesockeyesalmon•••.....••.....eG.oooo•••o532.3.3.2Habitatandenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwiththejuvenilephaseofthelifecycle......................562.3.3.2.1Physicalhabitatconditionsofrearingjuveniles.....................564747494450.5152C6/~~~~JPI.,.~--=.....~J_,~.-Discharge,waterquality,andtemperaturerelationshipswith.adultsockeyesalmonmigration••••••••••••.•••Adultescapement•••••••••••••••••••Adultharvestbysportandcommercialfisheries••••.••••••••••2.3.1.3.2Substratetypeassociatedwithspawning•••••••••••.2.3.1.3.12.3.1.3.3Otherphysicalandbio-logicalconstraintsonspawningsuccess•••••••••Habitatandenvironmentalparametersassociatedwiththeadultphaseofthelifecycle(upstreammigration,passageandspawning)•••••••.......•.....•.2.3.1.22.3.1.32.3.1.1Discharge(velocityanddepth)relationshipsandtheireffectsonindicesofavailablehabitat•.••.............G5i2.3.3.2.2Timingofoutmigrationfromthetributaries,sloughs,andmains:emanditsrelationshiptoenvironmentalchanges.. ••••. . ••. . . . . . . . . . . . .59Waterqualityandthermalrelationship.....52xivIncubationandemergencephaseoflifecycle•.••2.3.2TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)cCJ~(-'-
c-£/2.3.3.2.3Foodsupplyforrearingjuveniles.....................60cTABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)Pace---2.3.3.2.4Predationandcoverrelationships••••••••••••••••602.4-Chumsalmon••••...•.•.•.•.....•.•••..••0·00.e-...........612.4.1Adultphaseoflifecycle....................612.4.1.1Adultharvestbysportandcommercialfisheries...............612.4.1.2Adultescapement••••••••••••••••~..642.4.1.3Habitatandenvironmentalparameters'associatedwiththeadultphaseofthelifecycle(upstreammigration,passageandspawning)......................642.4.1.3.1Discharge,waterquality,andtempera-turerelationshipswiththeadultchumsalmonmigration.........662.4.1.3.2Substratetypeassociatedwithspawning............682.4.1.3.3Otherphysicalandbio-logicalconstraintsonspawningsuccess.•••••••692.4.2Incubationandemergencephaseof,lifecycle...................................69Q2.4.3Juvenilerearingandmigrationphases........702.4.3.1Relativeabundanceofjuvenilechumsalmon••••••••..••••••••••..•.702.4.3.2Habitatandenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwiththejuvenilephaseofthelifecycle••••••••••••••••••71("'---'"2.4.3.2.1Physicalhabitatconditionsofrearingjuveniles..•••.••••...••o73xv",-
xvimigration................827676n757374habitat•••.••••.••.•.••..Page~1d1Discharge(velocityanddepth)relationshipsandtheireffectsonindicesofavailablechanges•••••••••••••••••••••..2.4.3.2.3Foodsupplyforrearingjuvenilesanditsrelation-shiptootherparametersandpreferencedependencyofspeciesinthesystem••••••2.4.3.2.4Predationandcoverrelationships•••••••••••••••••Waterqualityandthennalrelationships••••2.4.3.2.2Timingofoutmigrationfromthetributaries,sloughs,andmainstemanditsrelationship.toenvironmental2.5.1.2Adultescapement...................802.5-.L3Habitatandenvironrnentalparametersassociatedwiththeadultphaseofthelifecycle......822.5.1.3.1Discharge,waterquality,andtempera-turerelationshioswiththeadultsalmon2.5.2Incubationandemergencephaseoflifecycle...................................84Pinksalmon•••••••e•••••••••~•••••o•••••o••••••••••••••2.5.1Adultphaseoflifecycle....................772.5.1.1Adultharvestbysportandcommercialfisheries...............772.5.3Juvenilerearingandmigrationphases........852.5TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)\(~r~,·.~~(,
c»/(>TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)2.5.3.1llaae-Timingofoutmigrationfromthetributaries,sloughs,andmainstemanditsrelationshiptoenviron-mentalchanges.....................852.5.3.2Otherphysicalandbiologicalcon'straints.. . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .852.6Rainbowtrout_.....872.6.2Reproductivephaseoflifecycleandjuveniledistributionandabundance......912.6.1Adultphaseoflifecycle....................872.6.1.1Sportfisheryharvest..............872.6.1.2Adultpopulationindices.••••••••••892.6.1.3Habitatandenvironmentalparametersassociatedwiththeadultphaseofthelivecycle.....................89c2.7Burbot••.••0 0••••••••••••••••••••••••••0 • 0~••••••••••••2.7.1Adultphaseoflifecycle••••••••••••••••••••9292~~\2.7.1.1Sportfisheryharvest..............922.7.1.2Adultpopulationindices...........922.7.1.3Habitatandenvironmentalparametersassociatedwiththeadultphaseofthelifecycle.•............................e.932.7.2Reproductivephaseoflifecycleandjuveniledistribution.................................942.8TheWhitefish-RoundandHumpbackcomplexandtheanadromousBeringcisco........................952.8.1Adultphaseoflifecycle....................95(-"0::72.8.1.12.8.1.2Sportfishingandotherharvests••••Adultpopulationindices•••••••••••2.8.1.2.1Roundwhitefish••••••••••959595xvii
2.11OtherspeciesoftheSusitnaRiverdrainage••••••••..••107co/xviiiArctic'amprey••~••••••••••e•••••••o•••••••••1092.8.1.2.2Humpbackwhitefishcamp1ex.••••••••••••••••..96Freshwaterreproductionphaseof1ifecycle-.........................100Longnosesucker•.••••e-.••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •1082.9.1.1Sportfisheriesharvest............lOG2.9.1.2Adultescapement...................101Adultphaseofthelifecycle••••••••••••••••1032.10.1.1Sportfisheryharvest..............1032.10.1.2Adultpopulationindices•••••••••••1042.9.1.3Habitatandenvironmentalparametersassociatedwithspawning...........1012.10.1.3Habitatandenvironmentalparara~tersassociatedwiththeadultphaseofthelifecycle.....................104Reproductivephaseofthelifecycle••••••.••105Juvenilerearingandmigration...............105Threespinestickleback••••••••••••.••••••••••107Juvenileemergence,rearing,andmigration•••••••••••••••••••••••••..•••.oOG..1022.8.1.2.3Beringcisco.............962.8.1.3Habitatandenvironmentalpararr~tersassociatedwiththeadultphaseoflifecycle•••~•••••••••••.•.••_••o.......972.10.12.11.22.11.32.10.22.10.32.8.2Reproductivephaseofthelifecycle.........982.8.3Juvenilerearingandmigration...............992.11.12.9Eulachon•.••...•..G....................................1002.10Miscellaneousgamespecies(ArcticgraylingandDollyVarden)••e••••••••••••••••••oo••••••••oo•••••ooc103c~:c\I),AI\2.9.2lC\~\\c
SUMMARYOFTHEINSTREAMFLOWRELATIONSHIPSOFTHEFISHERIESRESOURCES·DOWNSTREAMOFDEVILCANyON••••••••••••••118THEFISHERIESSTUDIESWITHINTHEBOUNDARIESOFTHEPROPOSEDIMPOUNDM8~TSABOVED~'ILCANyON••••••••••••••••••••112116110113113111115117118118118i'......Jot.119123~C~/Mainstemandsidechannel·xixhabitats...........................119Sidesloughhabitats...............120Uplandsloughhabitats.............121Tributaryandtributarymouthhabitats.....................122types.Primaryspeciescompositionandseasonalavailabilityofinstreamhabitattypes••••••••••••..••••••••...•••....InfluenceofmainstemdischargeandwaterqualityoninstreamhabitatPrincipalinstreamhabitattypes•••••••••••••Otherspecies...••....••.••••....•••.••......S1imyscu1p-i-n•••0_.Populationdynamicsandharvesteffectsongraylinginthetributaries••••••••••••••••.' •Relationshipsofgrowthtpopulation,andproductiondatatogeneralandsitespecifichabitatvariables••••••••.••••.•.•••.•••...•.Populationestimatesorindicesofspeciespresentwithintheclearwatertributaries•••4.2.2.14.2.2.2.4.2.2.34.2.2.4Introduction.••••••••••••.•••oo.o•••••••••••••••••c••••03.1.33.1.14.2.32.11.42.11.54.2.14.2.23.1.23.2ThefisheriesresourcesofthemainstemSusitnawithintheimpoundmentzones•••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.3Thefisheriesresourcesofthelakeswithintheimpoundmentzone•••••••.•.••••..••.•.•••••....ooo••••••3.1Thefisheryresourcesoftheclearwatertributariesoftheimpoundmentzones•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4.2KeyfindingsoffisheriesstudiesdownstreamofDevilCanyontotheChulitnaconfluence••••••••••••••••4.13.4.TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)\f()~\[lr~II1('.\1~IIt\0.IIe)IIIIIIIeI /1-·
Pagec,~/habitats...........................123Sidesloughhabitats...............125Uplandsloughhabitats•••••••••••••127Tributarymouthhabitats•••••••••••1284.2.3.24.2.3.34.2.3.44.2.3.1Mainstemandsidechanne1xx4.4.1Habitai:sinthereachdownstreamofDevilCanyontotheChulitnaconfluence•••••.•...••.••••..•.oooo••••••oeo.1364.4.2HabitatsinthereachdownstreamoftheChulitnaconfluence•••••••••••••••••••138LillRATURECITED.......•....••.0e••-•••••0143CONTRIBUTORS.0·•••••••••••'.'.e·•••'.............................140BIBLIOGRAPHy.••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••e-•••••o.e149ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS0·••0•••••••••••••••0••0142GLOSSARYOFCOMMONANDSCIENTIFICNAMES••••••.•••••••••••..•1524.3KeyfindingsoffisheriesstudiesdownstreamoftheChulitnaconfluence•••••••~•••••••••••••••••••••129TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)c-4.3.1Prir.cipalinstreamhabitattypes•••••••••••••129~\\o~)4.3.1.1Mainstem/sidechannel••••••••••••••1294.3.1.2Sideslough••••••••••..•..••.......1304.3.1.3~plandslough••••••••••••••••••••..1304.3.1.4Tributary••......•.••.....•....•...1314.3.1.5Tributarymouth••••••••••••••••••••131Primaryspeciescompositionandseasonal./J'A4.3.2availabilityofinstreamhabitattypes•••••••1324.3.2.1Mainstem/sidechannelhabitats••••••1324.3.2.2Sidesloughhabitats••••••••••••••••1334.3.2.3Uplandsloughhabitats••••••••••••••133C,:t\\bh~')4.3.2.4Tributaryandtributarymouthhabitats••••••••••••••o.o.~••ooo••o1344.3.3Influenceofmainstemdischargeandwaterqualityoninstreamhabitattypes••••••1344.3.3.1Mainstem/sidechannelhabitats••••••1344.3.3.2Sidesloughhabitats••••••••••••••••1354.3.3.3Uplandsloughhabitats••••••••••••••1354.3.3.4Tributarymouthhabitats••••••••.•••1354.4limitationsoftheavailabledatabase•••••••••••••••••1365.6.7.C/8.a~.
TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)10.APPENDICESa\~\e${~.~.AppendixAAppendixBAppendixCAppendix0AppendixEAppendixFAppendixGAppendixHAppendixIAppendixJAnalysisofthespeciesselectivityoffishwheelsforthecaptureofadultsalmonintheSusitnaRiverTimingandpassageofadultsalmaninthemainstemSusitnaRiverandaccessintoselectedsloughsupstreamoftheChulitnaRiverconfluenceObservationsofsalmonspawninghabitatinselectedsloughsoftheSusitnaRiverModelingofhydraulicconditionsandchumsalmonspawninghabitatinse'ectedSusitnaRiversloughsEffectsofmainstemSusitnadischargeontotalwettedandbackwatersurfaceareaatselectedstudysitesInfluenceofhabitatparametersondistributionandrelativeabundanceofjuvenilesalmonandresidentspeciesUseofmajorhabitattypesbyjuvenilesalmonandresidentspeciesHabitatrelationshipsofjuvenilesalmonoutmigrationAmodeloftheeffectofincrementalincreaseinsportfishingonpopulationstructureofArcticgraylingaboveDevilCanyonAge-lengthcurvesandgrowthofArcticgraylingandrainbowtrout:.:;.";,.:....AppendixKEvaluationofArcticgraylingspawning.;<:.~:::andrearinghabitatandnoteson.salmonJ.~~"""1)~spawningintheimpoundmentstudyarea..' ,~..aAppendicesincludedunderseparatebinder.~xxiIlfllVb£!.111./0
----,-----..'i\\,\\\\.1~~rJPI!Doc-1f-301~'Sh0--_._.,,..---'--~----'.'1~SIISITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESPHASEIIDATAREPORTWinterAquaticStudies(October,1982-May,1983)o/J~{2.••••.'l<~•OJ'£.:.fo'.,wii"t~~~...•',-I'~;,ec-'I·rt'.3,."..........'~.,.I:·.'..'-.::cl·c':.:~.,".,.I~{i'._~,~.•....~~:~"--~?~.',.".:---,II''--~!;__.}~_..e--.'.:..:.'--'.I!tI~-.:..._.:.:.••_.",:.'••,·0,'•.'1-;.::.:~}:•-,'•Q~..13··.,.--·.-.:..-.'.'.~...~..-•
PREFACE•••••••.••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••..•••.••...•.•••.C~.TABLEOFCONTENTS~\/~~A~)Page;,}E...·:··--;,/5LISTOFFIGURES.....•..•...•.....................................LISTOFTABLES••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••....••.•••.••••.•...•.L1STOFPLATES•••••••••••••••,.••••••..••.••••••••••••••••.•••.•.1.0INTRODUCTION•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••.2.0CONTINUOUSSURFACEANDINTRAGRAVELWATERTEMPERATURESTUDY.2.1Objectives..•.•••...•.•.••....................0••••••02.2Methods••••.•••••••••••••.•••.......•..•0••••••••••••"2.2.1Instrumentation...0••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.2SiteSelection•........................•.......2.3Results.2.4Discussion...•.•••.••.....•...•.........•......•......3.0SALMONINCUBATIONANDEMERGENCESTUDIES•••••••••••••••••••.3.1Objectives.•.•••.••••••.•.•.•...........•....00•••••••3.2Methods0•••••••••0•••••••3.2.1Studysites.•...•.•....••...•................•.3.2.2Samplingtechniquesforhabitatmeasurements••.••••••..•.•.•.•.•.....•••.....•.3.2.2.1Watertemperature•••••••••••••••••••••3.2.2.2Standpipes..............•...000••••00.3.2.3Samplingtechniquesforembryodevelopmentstudy......•.....•....•...•..0•••••3.3Results•.-...•.•.·e3.3.1Habitatdata•.•••......o•••oa•••••••••••e••••••3.3.1.1Temperature...0•••••00.00.00••••••••••3.3.1.2DissolvedOxygen......•••.•..•...•.••.ivvi;;x;;;xv13355771922252527373737'4648484950
'£~-lPVPaae~c....'.-/3.3.1.4SpecificConductance••••••••••••••••_.56563.3.2Deve10pmentandemergencedata•••••••••••••••••603.3.2.1Chumsalmon......•....................623.3.2.2Sockeyesa1mon••••••••••••••••••••••••683.4Discussion._..•....••.....................•00.000......723.4.1Chumsalmon.•••.•.••...•...........•...•....•..743.4.2Sockeyesalmon~o.................763.4.3Conclusions....•.•......•...•.......•....•..•..794.0BURBOTSPAWNINGINTHESUSITNARIVERBELOWDEVILCANYON••••834.1Objectives.•......•....•..........•...................834.2Methods•••••••••••••.••••.••.••••.......••0·•••0••••••08·4,()4.2.1Studysite1ocations•••••••••••••••••••0.844.2.2Samp1ingtechniquesanddeterminationofsexualmaturity.••••....0......................874.2.3Habitatmeasurements•••••••••••••••••••••••••••874.3Results.••...·.•.•.•••...•............••.......0.......894.3.1Habitatdata.••.•...............................894.3.2Sexua1deve10pment.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••894.3.3Age,1engthandsexcomposition••••••••••••••••924.4Discussion..•........•.•....•.........................93~,1(-2~7rr4.4.1Timingand1ocationofspawning4.4.2Age,lengthandsexcomposition4.4.3Conclusions..•.............................0•••v939698
6,00CONTRIBUTORS.-••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••7.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS8.0LITERATURECITED9.0APPENDICES123129112100102101128105100126101122120107120111106100101107ts-k5/~Page"'iIfII,!~i"i•,.~•I";,'MiIIJ. III,~•,-"•fJ•5.2.1RadioTags000••••0•••••••••••••5.2.3Tracking~o••••••5.4.1RainbowtroutbelowDevilCanyon•••••••••••••••5.4.2BurbotbelowDevilCanyon••••••••••••••••••••••5.4.3ArcticgraylingaboveDevilCanyon•••••••••••••5.2.2Transmitterimplantation•••••••••••••••••••••••5.3.1RainbowtroutbelowDevilCanyon•••••••••••••••5.3.2BurbotbelowDevilCanyon••••••••••••••••••••••5.3.3ArcticgraylingaboveDevilCanyon•••:•••••••••5.2.4Habitatdatacollection••••••••••••••••••••••••5.1.1RadiotelemetrystudiesbelowDevilCanyon5.1.2RadiotelemetrystudiesaboveDevilCanyonAppendixBIntragravelhabitatdata(standpipes)viAppendixAContinuoussurfaceandintragravelwatertemperaturesRESIDENTFISH••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••••••••••..5-.3Results.••••••••...•.•..•...00••••••••••••••••••0••00.5•2Method·s••••.•••••••.•.••••••'•••••..•••••••...••0••••••wILt~\~l~N~:I6NSOF5.1Objectives.•.••.....................•.0•••••••••••••••5.4Discussion.•...•...•••..........•.........•00.000••••05.0C:;\,-/().("
ce,=-~~AppendixCAppendixDf\:tBurbotwintercatchdataandaae.length,andsexdata-Winterradiotelemetrydataonburbot,rainbowtrout,andArcticgraylingt?e{SIf;;L:>tc0/
."jili-l•L'\I-fZ{;ry~·JIJP11D!J~-:It?~0··1·······8·/p.it.'.•...../'ClJ"'.'st:---,.•._~--!!:..:ProcedlIl"esMannsJFinalDraftADFIIGSuHydroAquaticStudiesMay1983-June1984•G·..;~:;..-"...:..-;';,.""!:::"',~~---~-...~",~.---..~.~<:;;~':.-;:--~.,zo'---._...~.,-,._..,,~....-......~"".,:.f;.~iL.t~2!-~~).7.--~'<A":-:<",_t~.~~..s..-,,'"••-:.'..~~~~,:.-:.J.:~~~t3:l;·'.:~::~;~~~:::::;::{,1~~I::-::
-TABLEOFCONTENTSSusitnaHydro~lectricAquaticStudiesAdultAnadramousFisheriesProjectResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFisheriesProjectAquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowProjectJ-~~~".,iiE~te-3
iiit~~tIJADULTANADROMOUSFISHERIESPROJECTContentsl~\Cbl)j~C'11.0INTRODUCTION22.0EULACHON22.1Objectives22.2TechnicalProcedures22.2.1OperationPeriodandSurveyReach32.2.2.Methods32.2.2.1EstuarySampling52.2.2.2MainChannelSampling72.3DataProcedures133.0ADULTSALMON133.1ObjectivesCi141414141421.3.2TechnicalProcedures3.2.1MainChannelSampling3.2.1.1OperationPeriods3.2.1.2Methods3.2.1.2.1SonarNameTagRecapture3.2.1.2.2Age/length/SexCompositonSampling223.2.2StreamandSloughSurveys223.2.2.1OperationPeriodandSurveyReach223.2.2.2Methods253.2.3StreamLife253.2.3.1OperationPeriodandSurveyReach253.2.3.2Methods263.3DataProcedures263.3.1SideScanSonarOperations263.3.1.1DailyProcedures303.3.2Tag/RecaptureOperations303.3.2.1DailyProcdures403.3.3StreamandSloughSurveyOperations~.-~v40443.3.4StreamLifeOperations4.0LITERATURECITEDb+D/
RESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHERIESPROJECT-J;-,:;;AIiv~c1~()2.1.1ResidentFishStudies2.1.1.1HabitatandPopulationData2.1.1.1.1Sub-objectives2.1.1.1.2Rationala2.1.1.1.3FieldStudyDesign2.1.2JuvenileAnadromousFishStudies2.1.2.1Abundance,Outmigration,TimingandSurvival2.1.2.1.1Sub-objectives2.1.2.1.2Rationale2.1.2.1.3FieldStudyDesign2.1.2.2EmergenceandDevelopment2.1.2.2.1Sub-objectives2.1.2.2.2Rationale2.1.2.2.3FieldStudyDesign2.1.2.3Rearing'Habitat2.1.2.3.1Sub-objectives2.1.2.3.2Rationale2.1.2.3.3FieldStudy.Design2.1.3FishandHabitatSurveysAlongtheProposedAccess/TransmissionCorridors2.1.3.1Sub-objectives2.1.3.2Rationale'2.1.3.3FieldStudyDesign~2.2FieldDataCollectionWorkPlans2.2.1ResidentfishStudies2.2.1.1Methods2.2.1.1.1HabitatandRelativeAbundance2.2.1.1.2FishPreferenceStudies2.2.1.1.3PopulationEstimates2.2.1.1.4RadioTelemetry2.2.1.2StudyLocations2.2.1.2.1HabitatandRelativeAbundanceMeasurements2.2~L2.'1FishPreference-Studies------2.2.1.2.3Popu1ationEstimates2.2.1.2~4RadioTelemetry2.2.~3·ScheduleofActivitiesandFrequencyofSampling2...2.1.3.1HabitatandRelativeAbundanceMeasurements12.1StudyDescriptionandRationaleContents1.0INTRODUCTION2.0TECHNICALPROCEDURES13333334999911.161616172222222328282930333333333539414242--42-44444545'-~:-~.~\f.:;;r;;~.:•I~.....~..t:;,f.::%.'r-::·;".......:~~~~~'.-\=---"'--./~\.'~~.....-tStes
vilsot\l\JF=--b....'-.-..-/~3.2JuvenileAnadromousFishStudies3.2.1Abundance,Outmigration,TimingandSurvival3.2.1.1FieldData3.2.1.1.1CodedWireTagging3.2.1.1.2RecoveryofMarkedandUnmarkedFish3.2.1.2DataTransfer3.2.1.2.1RecoveryofMarkedandUnmarkedFish3.2.1.3DataAnalysis3.2.1.3.1CodedWireTagging3.2.1.3.2RecoveryofMarkedandUnmarkedFish3.2.1.3.3Dye.Marking3.2.2-EmergenceandDevelopment3.2.2.1DataRecording3.2.2.2DataTransfer3.2.2.3DataAnalysis3.2.3RearingHabitat.Studies3.2.3.1FieldData3.2.3.1.1FishPreferenceStudies3.2.3.1.2FishHabitatModelingStudies3.2.3.1.3IFG-4ModelingStudies-3.2.3.2DataTransfer3.2.3.3DataAnalysis3.3FishandHabitatSurveysAlongtheProposedAssesslTransmissionCorridor3.3.1FieldData303.1.1FishDataCollection3.3.1.2AquaticHabitatDataCollection103.2DataTransfer3.3.3DataAnalysis4.0QUALITYCONTROL5.0LITERATURECITED~~s-K-5/
( L~ \ ~ ~J~ITAT AND INSTR~ FLOW PROJEcr
Paae Contents
1 1.0 INTRODUCTION
1 1.1 Background
5 1.2 FY-84 Studies
17 2.0 WORK PLANS
17 2.1 Instream Flow Evaluations
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38
38
40
41
41
42
44
2.1.1 Stage Discharge Studies
2.1.1.1 Study Approach
2.1.1.1.1 Mainstem Habitats
2.1.1.1.2 Side Channel, and.Side and Upland Slough Habitats
2.1.1.1.3 Tributary Habitat
2.1.1.2 Site Selection
2~1.1.2.1 Mainstem Habitats
2.1.1.2.2 Side Channel, and Side and Upland Slough Habitats
2.1.1.2.3 Tributary Habitat
2.1.1.3 Data Analysis
2.1.1.3.1 Mainstem Habitats
2.1.1.3.2 Side Channel and Slough Habitats
2.1.1.3.3 Tributary Habitat"
2.1.2 Temperature Studies
2.1.2.1 Study Approach
2.1.2.2 Site Selection
2.1.2.3 Data Analysis
2.1.3 Water Quality Studies
2.1.3.1 Study Approach
.2.L.3.2 Site Selection
2.1..3.3 Data Analysis
2.1.4 Channel Morphology Studies
2.1.4.1 Study Approach
2.1.4.1.1 Thalweg Studies
2.1.4.1.2 Cross Section Studies
2.1.4.2 Site Selection
2.1.4.2.1 Thalweg Studies
2.1.4.2.2 Cross Section Studies
2.1.4.3 Data Analysis
2.1.4.3.1 Thalweg Studies
2.1.4.3.2 Cross Section Studies
2.2 Fish Habitat Studies
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rp~\,a)Contents(-=t&6~1)viiiEs~.s~442.2.1Timing,AccessandDistribution(TAD)Studies442.2.1.1StudyApproach452.2..1.1.1TimingStudies452.Z.1.1.2AccessandPassageStudies452.2.1.1.3DistributionStudies462.2.1.2Sf"teSelection462.2.1.3DataAnalysis462.2.1.3.1TimrtngStudies482.2.1.3.2AccessandPassageStudies492.2.1.3.3DistributionStudies662.2.3IncubationStudies662.2.3.1StudyApproach68·2.2.3.2SiteSelection682.2.3.3DataAnalysis702.3QualityAssuranceandLaboratoryOperations(QUALO)713.0TECHNICALPROCEDURESe-5052535659606163656565662.Z.2SalmonSpawningHabitatEvaluationStudies2.2.2.1SideSloughsandSideChannels2.2.2.1.1HabitatAvailabilityStudy2.2.2.1.2HabitatUtilizationStudy2.2.2.1.3HabitatSelectivityStudy2.2.2.2TributaryMouths2.2.2.2.1HabitatAvailabilityStudy2.2.2.2.2HabitatUtilizationStudy2.2.2.3TributaryUtilizationStudy2.2.2.3.1StudyApproach2.2.2.3.2SiteSelection2.2.2.3.3DataAnalysis713.1Introduction713.2NewFY-84Proceduresr.'-..._"=~717171737779798286868788883.2.1InstreamFlowEvaluation3.2.1.1StageMonitoringProcedures3.2.1.1.rStaffGages3.2.1.1.2DatapodStage3.2.1.2DischargeProcedures3.2.1.3TemperatureProcedures.3.2.1.3.1Peabody-RyanThermographs3.2.1.3.2DatapodTemperatureRecorders3.2.1.4WaterQuality3.2.1.4.1BasicFieldParameters3.2.1.4.2Turbidity3.2.1.5ChannelMorphology3.2.1.5.1ThalwegProfileStudyProcedures
4.0LITERATURECITEDIi~~;r";""-'1--~~:s:~~-~f~~iG5,--~";(%.\~~\;;eContents909193939310111311311412012012012312412412412512612719ei~rj3.2.1.5.2CrossSectionProfileStudyProcedures3.2.1.5.3ProceduresUsedtoDetennineBreachingFlows3.2.2FishHabitatStudyProcedures3.2.2.1IncubationStudy3.2.2.1.1IntragravelStandpipeWaterQualityStudyProcedures3.2.2.1.2EmbryoSurvivalStudyProcedures3.2.2.2SubstrateStudyProcedures3.2.2.2.1GeneralSubstrateAnalysis3.2.2.2.2IntensiveSubstrateAnalysisProcedures3.2.3QualityAssuranceandLaboratoryOperations(QUALO)3.2.3.1InstrumentsCalibration,MaintenanceandRepairProcedures-3;2.3.1.1InstrumentCalibration3.2.3.1.2EquipmentMaintenanceandRepair3.2.3.2DataReduction,ProcessingandCategorizationProcedures3.2.3.2.1FieldDataReductionandCheckingDataEntry3.2.3.2.2DataEntry3.2.3.2.3Datacategorization3.2.3.3Data/InformationRequestsorTransmittalProcedures,>-.'"A;;;>f,~~.,l!,,~''0.~
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1984
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
SUSITNA HYDRO AQUATIC STUDIES
REPORT NO. 1
2207 Spenard Road
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
APIJ Doc:IF/J.fSO
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
SUSITNA HYDRO AQUATIC STUDIES REPORT SERIES
TI'TLES"IN-"'TH-BS'ERIES_._._'..ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS•••••••••••.•••••.••.•.•••••.•••••••••••.•.••••••TABLES_ -,"..PLATES"---.'-••'..APPENDIXFIGURES••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••APPENDIXTABLES.~--".-..TABLEOFCONTENT"S' "a-a.---••''.-..LISTOFFIGURES.LiSTOFLISTOFLISTOFUSTOFTABlEOFCONTENTS~~ot)I/-0:{,L('\PREFACE.~.'\:)..............- -.........___•••-PAGE................._-....iivvviiixiixviixviiixxiixxvtr1.0OBJECTIVES•••••e-·__•••••••e-0.'••".0·'...-0-0"r'...I2.1Eu.l"achen_ "'.e-".-0·,.e·.2~.1.1Intertida1-e--~o.''.Z.1.2MainChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••o•••••~••••••••o•••2.2AdultSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••02.2.1MainChannelEscapementMonitoring••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.1.1SonarOperations••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.1.2FishwheelOperations••••••••••••••••••••o••••••••••••~••••2.2.1.3TaggingOperations••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.1.4Age,LengthandSexCompositionSamp1ing•••••••.•••••••••••2.2.1•.5FecunditySampling••••••·•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.2SpawningGroundandTagRecoverySurveys••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.2.1SloughsandStreams•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.2.1.1ChinookSalmonIndexSurveys••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.2.1.2ObservationLifeSurveys••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.2.1.3Egg"RetentionSampling••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.3III18II2.0METHODS_.••.••••••••-000.BeringCisco•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.••.•.•••.o••a••••2227881012131516181819202121SalmonTagandRecaptureEscapementEstimates•••••••••••••••••CalculationofMainChannelEscapementTiming•••••••••••••••••AgeDetermination•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••SloughEscapement••••••••••~.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••II2.4DataAnalysisandEvaluation••••••••••~••••••••~••••••••••••••••••2.4.1Eulachon••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.4.22.4.32.4.42.4.5222222272728#~3.1Eulachon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~••~O3.1.1In~ertidal••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••J~303.1.2MalnChannel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••p41RESULTSANDDISCUSSION•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••5455555564r30EscapementMonitoring••••••••••••••••••••UpperDevilCanyon•••~••••••••••••••••7.-¥-.-/e.-,t::.-AdultSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.1ChinookSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.1.1IntertidaltoTalkeetna•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.1.1.1MainChannel3.2.1.2Talkeetnato3.23.01-III~I
---: .. ·.-
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~ \ ~ TABLE OF CONiENTS (Continued~~~~)
3.2.1.2.1 Main Channel Escapement Monitoring..................... 64
3.2.1.2.2 Spawning Ground Surveys ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 73
3.2.1.2.2.1 Main Channel •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 73
3.2.1.2.2.2 Sloughs and Streams ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 73
3.2.1.3 Escapement Index Surveys •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 75
3.2.2 Sockeye Salmon •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 81
3.2.2.1 Intertidal to Talkeetna ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 81
3.2.2.1.1 Main Channel Escapement Monitoring •••••••••••••••••••• 81
3.2.2.1.1.1 First Runo••••···································· 81 3.2CI2.1.1.2 Second Run •••••••• · •••••••••••••••••••••• o......... 85
3.2.2.1.1.3 Fecundity ••••••••••••••••••••••••• o•••············ 91
3.2.2.1.2 Spawning Ground Surveys ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 94
3.2.2.1.2.1 Sloughs and Streams ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 94
3a2.2.1.2.1.1 First Run ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 94
3.2.2.1.2.1.2 Second Run ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•• 96
3.2.2.2 Talkeetna To Upper Devil Canyon •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 96
3.2.2.2.1 Main Channel Escapement Monitoring •••••••••••••••••••• 96
3.2.2.2.1.1 First Run ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. 96
3.2.2.2.1.2 Second Run •••••••••••••••••••• o••················· 97
3.2.2.2.2 Spawning Ground Surveys ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 101
. 3o2.2.2.2.1 Main Channel •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 101
3.2.2.2.2.2 Streams ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 102
3.2.2.2.2.3 Sloughs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 102
3.2.2.2.2.3.1 Observation Life ••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••• 102
3.2.2.2.2.3.2 Escapement ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 106
3.2.2.2.2.3.3 Egg Retention ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 110
3.2.3 Pink Salmon ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 112
3.2.3.1 Intertidal to Talkeetna ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 112
3.2.3.1.1 Main Channel Escapement Monitoring •••••••••••••••••••. 112
3.2.3.1.2 Fecundity ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 116
3.2.3.2 Talkeetna To Upper Devil Canyon •••••••••••.......••••••••• 119
3.2.3.2.. 1 Main Channel Escapement Monitoring ••••••••••••••••••.•• 119
3.2.3.2.2 Spawning Ground Surveys ................................. 121
3.2.""3·~-z.-2.1 Main Channel ......................................... 121
3.2.3.2.2.2 ~oughs and Streams ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 123
3 ... 2.4 Chum Salmon .................. _ ...... : ....... ·-·-· ••••• Q·· ••••••••••••••••• 0 •• 125
3.2.4.1 Intertidal to Talkeetna .................. ~················· 125
3.2.4.1.1 Main Channel Escapement M9nitoring •••••••••••••••••••• 125
3. 2.4.1. 2 Fecundity..... • •. • . • ..... • • •. • . • • • . • • • • • ... • • .. • • • • • . . • • . • . . • . 133
3.2.4.2 Talkeetna To Upper Devil Canyon •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 138
3.2.4.2.1 Main Channel Escapement Monitoring ••••••••••••.••••••• 138
3 .. .2.4.2.2 Spawning Ground Surveys ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,.-143
3.2.4.2.2.1 Main Channel •••• ~································· 143
3.2.4.2.~2 Streams.a••···············~ ... ···········~~········· 143
3.2.4.2.2.3 Slouahs •••••••••• ~································ 146
3.2.4.2.2.3.1 Observation Life .......................................... 146
3 •.. 2.4.2.2.3 ... 2 .Es"capement .......... , ...................................... ISO
3.2.4.2.2..3.3 Egg Retentio~ ................................. ·7· 153
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C'.TABLEOFCONTENTS(~nt;\~G4)3.Z.SCohoSalman._••.•.••.•••_••_-15'53.2~5.1IntertidaltoTalkeetna••••••••••••_..••••••••••••••••••••1553.2.5.1.1MainChannelEscapementMonitoring••••••••••••••••••••IS3.2.5.2TalkeetnatoUpperDevilcanyon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••1623.2..5.2.1MainChannelEScapementMonitoring1623.2.5.2.2SpawningGroundSurveys•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1673...2.5.2.2.1MainChannele-167·3.2.5.2.2.2SloughsandStreams•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1673-.3S'ering--C.isco0·e1713.3.1Intertida1toTalkeetna••••••••••••••••••••_......•••••••••••••••1713.3.1.1MainChannelEScapementMonitoring••••••••••••••••••••••••1713.3.2TalkeetnatoUpperDevilCanyon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1723.3.2.1MainChannelEscapementMonitoring••~•••••••••••••••••••••1724-.aSUMMARY0-"0--........ .. .. .. .... .. ..•.. ..174401Eu1achon0-"0·0a0.... .......... .. ...... ....1744.2AdultSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1774.2.1ChinookSalmon••••••••••••o••••••••o••••ooo•••••oo••••••••o•••1774.2.1.1IntertidaltoTalkeetna•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1774.2.1.2TalkeetnatoUpperDevilCanyon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••180~)j4.2.1.3EscapementIndexSurveys••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1834.2.2SockeyeSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••••••ooooo•••••••••••••••1834.2.2.1FirstRun••••••••••••••••~•••••o•••••••••o••••••o•••••••••1834.2.2.2SecondRun••••••••••••••••••••••••-••o•••••••••••••••••••••1844.2.2.2.1IntertidaltoTalkeetna•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1864.2.2.2.2TalkeetnatoUpperDevilCanyon•••••••••••••••••••••••1894.2.3PinkSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••o•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1944.2.3.1IntertidaltoTalkeetna••••••••~••••••••••••••••••••••••••1944.2.3.2TalkeetnaToUpperDevilCanyon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••1984.2.4ChumSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2004.2.4.1IntertidaltoTalkeetna•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2024.2.4.2TalkeetnaToUpperDevil.Canyon••••••••••••••••••••••••••2044.2.5CohoSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~.2124.2.5.1IntertidaltoTalkeetna•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2124.2.5.2TalkeetnatoUpperDevilCanyon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••216403BeringCisco••••••••••••••••-••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••218REFERENCES•••••••••••••••••o••••o•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••222,,--~-vii-6~/
~\_.--JLST'c:-/5','API}Dz:c1F-/7f'lE'S~5/iF2fJ:ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESREPORTNO.2RESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1983)~1d7JI'IIIIIII~ClIIIIIIIr~-:'Ie>I
cINTRODUCTIONCONTENTSOFREPORTNO.2(~)O)Q.t·~/Part1.TheOutmigrationofJuvenileSalmanfromtheSusitnaRiverabovetheChulitnaRiver"Confluence.Part2.TheDistributionandRelativeAbundanceofJuvenileSalmanintheSusitnaRiverDrainageAbovetheChulitnaRiverConfluence.Part3.JuvenileSalmarrRearingSuitabilityCriteria.Part~.JuvenileSalmanRearingHabitatModels.Part5.ResidentFishOistributionandPapulationDynamicsintheSusitnaRiverBelowDevilCanyon.Part6.ResidentFishHabitatStudies.Part7.ModellingofJuvenileandResidentFishHabitat.~s/;i:11:,fi.i~iii'J~i"I.!!eI:f1I,'....
Populationestimatesofjuveni1esalmonwereobtainedbymark-recaptureusingauniqueapplicationofthecodedwiretaggingtechniqueduring1983.One-halflengthcodedwiretagswereusedtomark24,287post-emergentchumand17,963post-emergentsockeyesalmonfryatfoursloughsandonetributaryoftheSusitnaRiverbetweentheChulitnaRiverconfluenceandDevilCanyon.Tagretentionratesaveraged96%andtotalmortalitiescausedbythecaptureandtaggingprocedurewere1%.Sixty-twocodedwiretaggedchumsa1manfryand394taggedsockeyesalmonfrywererecoveredintwodownstreammigranttrapslocatedintheSusitnaRiverfivemilesabovetheChulitnaRiverconfluence.Themark-recaptureestimatesindicatedthat3,322,000chumsalmonfryand560,000sockeyesalmonfrymigrateddownstreampasttheoutmigranttrapsduring1983.Estimatedsurvivalratesbetweenpotentialeggdepositionandoutmigrationforchumandsockeyesalmonfrywere14%and41%,respectively.Thedownstreammigranttrapscollectedall'fivespeciesofPacificsalmonduringtheopenwaterperiod.PinksalmontrapcatcheswerehighestinearlyJune,andpeakoutmigrationofchumsalmonoccurredinmidJune.Chinook,coho,andsockeyesalmonjuvenileswerecollectedatthetrapsthroughoutthesamplingseason,withpeaksoccurringduringhighmainstemdischargelevelsinearlyJune,earlyJuly,andmidAugust.Therateofoutmigrationofchumsalmonshowedahighercorrelationwithdischargethanthatofotherspecies.,IlABSTRACTL~de)THEOUTMIGRATIONOFJUVENILESALMONFROMTHESUSITNARIVERABOVETHECHULITNARIVERCONFLUENCE1984ReportNo.2,Part1byKentJ.Roth,DanielC.Gray,andDanaC.SchmidtAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503~ic&/
2.2FieldDataCollection..................................33.0RESULTS.....................................................132.0METHODS.....................................................3~9999ivviiv2228viiPageCJ~_/i iInterrelationshipofmainstemdischarge,temperatureandturbidity.....••••••....•.•.••.•Effectsofmainstemdischargeonoutmigration.•.2.4.1Populationandsurvivalestimates...............92.4.2Juvenilesalmoncatchperuniteffort...........112.4.3Relationofoutmigrationtohabitatvariables...123.5.13.5.22.3.1Codedwiretagging.•.....•.........•.•......•...2.3.2Downstreammigranttraps......•••..•.•..•••••..•2.3.3Dyemarking.2.2.1Codedwiretagging..............................32.2.2-Downstreammigranttraps........................62.2.3Dyernarking•••••••••• •• •••••• •••••••••••••••••••82.4DataAnalysis..........................................92.1StudyLocations........................................32.3DataRecording......•.•..••...••....•..••..............3.5RelationofOutmigrationtoHabitatVariables..•••••..223.1CodedWireTaggingandRecovery........................133.2PopulationEstimatesandSurvivalRatesofOutmigrants.133.3OutmigrationRatesFromSelectedSloughs...............173.4JuvenileSalmonCatchPerUnitEffort..................17LISTOFPLATES.•••••••...••••••••.••••••••••.•.••••.••.•••••••••.LISTOFFIGURES.••••••..••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••...LISTOFTABLES•.•••••••••••••...•.•••....••••••••...••••••••.••.••1.0INTRODUCTION•••••.••••••••••.••••••••••~..............•••••.•1LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES•••••••.••••••••.••••••••••.••••••••••...•L,(>....._-~..~-.'..- ---",-- 7c~.J-~BsJACT.~~~~~.~~.~~~~~~~~S:-lt~rJ................
57E··'~';7/334.1CodedWireTaggingandRecovery........................334.2DyeMarkingandOutmigrationRates.....................344.3SurvivalofOutmigrants................................354.4ComparisonofTrapCatchRates.........................364.5RelationofOutmigrationtoHabitatVariables..........405.0CONTRIBUTORS................................................426.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............•. . . . . ••. •. •... . . . . . . . •. . . . •. .437.0LITERATURECITED............................................448.0APPENDICESAppendixASamplingSelectivityoftheOutmigrantTraps.....49AppendixBTheSchaeferEstimatorofPopulationSize........52AppendixCComparisonofDailyCatchPerHourBetweenOutmigrantTrap1andTrap2.....••••.......••••.eiiios/
--------------------ABSTRACT1984ReportNo.2,Part2byLawrenceJ.Dugan,DavidA.Sterritt,andMichaelE.StrattonTHEDISTRIBUTIONANDRELATIVEABUNDANCEOFJUVENILESALMONINTHESUSITNARIVERDRAINAGEABOVETHECHULITNARIVERCONFLUENCEet/i~o\~lj)AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503TheJuvenileAnadromousHabitatStudywasundertakentodeterminetheseasonaldistributionandabundanceofjuvenilesalmonbymacrohabitattypeintheSusitnaRiverdrainagebetweentheChulitnaRiverconfluenceandDevilCanyon.Thirty-fivesitesrepresentingfourmacrohabitattypesweresampledfromMaythroughSeptember,1983;limitedsamplingwasconductedinOctoberandNovember.SidechannelsandtributarieswerefoundtobeimportantrearingareasforjuvenilechinooksalmonwithtributariesimportantearlyinthesummerandsidechannelsofthemainstemSusitnaincreasinginimportanceasthesummerprogressed.Cohosalmonweremostabundantintributariesanduplandsloughs.Natalsidesloughsandbackwaterareasprovidedrearingareasforchumandsockeyesalmonfry.Uplandsloughs,themostlake-likeenvironment,hadconcentrationsofsockeyeandcohosalmonjuveniles.Macrohabitattypeandtimeofyearwerefoundtobesignificantly(p<0.10)relatedtothedistributionofallspecies.-It~'-----IIIIIII~~-/IIIIII:5I
l'''-~-f-.~_.-.--.._~-.'.J~=1c/L·ISTOFFIGURES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••LISTOFTABLES•••••••••••••••••••.••••••••.••••••••••••••.•••.•..••LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES......•.............•.......................1.0INTRODUCTION..•...........•.....•.............................2.0METHODS•.;•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••-••••••••2.1FieldSamplingDesign••......••.•••....•............•...•2.1.1Studysitelocationsandselectioncriteria.•.••••2.1.2Fielddatacollection•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.1.3Scheduleofactivitiesandfrequencyofsampling•.2.2DataRecordingandAnalysis••••:•••••••••••.•••••••..••••2.2.1Macrohabitatuse.•.•.•......•.........•...•....••.2.2.2Analysisofvariance.•••.••..••..........•........3.0RESULTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••3.1DistributionofJuvenileChinookSalmon••••••..•••••••••.3.2DistributionofJuvenileCohoSalmon••.••••••.•.•••.•....3.3DistributionofJuvenileChumSalmon••••••..•••••.•••.••.3.4DistributionofJuvenileSockeyeSalmon....••••••••.•.•..3.5AnalysisofVariance•.•••.••..••.•.••..••......•....•...•4.0DISCUSSION•••.••..•••••••••••••••.•••..•••••••...••••••.•.••.•4.1Limitations-·oftheData.4.1.1Sampling1imitations.4.1.2Gearefficiency.............•.....................4.2ChinookSalmon.•••.....•...•.....•••.•.......•.....•...•.4.3CohoSalmon••••.•••••••••••••••.•.....•.••••••••.•••.••.•4.4ChumSalmon•••••••.•..•••••••••••••••.•.•••••••..••••••••1I!,Pagei,11j:iivvivi1333668881010101420202727II27I27283134ii~s/
~I(~,.,~.--/TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)~{)~A>JPage4.5SockeyeSalmon••••~•••••••.,(..........................355.0CONTRIBUTORS..................................................386.0ACKNOWLEOGEMENTS..............................................397.0LITERATURECITED..............................................408.0APPENDICESAppendixASummarystatisiticsfortransformedcatch/celldata43AppendixBGearefficiencyexperiments•••.••••••••••..•.•..••(3ee~~iiie-e:-/48IIIIIIIIIIIII
r-""'-.'l1(;J,oJJUVENILESALMONREARINGSUITABILITYCRITERIA1984ReportNo.2,Part3byPaulM.Suchanek,RobertP.Marshall,StephenS.Hale,andDanaC.SchmidtAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503ABSTRACTe~~\--:-~--::_-----::---;~/ChangesinflowregimesintheSusitnaRivermayaffectthehabitatusedbyrearingjuvenilesalmon.Inordertomodelchangesinhabitatusability,datawerecollectedfordevelopmentofsuitabilitycriteriaforthehabitatattributesofcover,velocity,anddepthusedbyjuve-nilechinook,coho,sockeye,andchumsalmon.RepresentativesitesbetweentheChulitnaRiverconfluenceandDevilCanyonweresamp1edforjuvenilesalmonandhabitatattributesweremeasured.Analysiswasprimarilyunivariateanddatawerepooledoversiteandseason.Turbid-itywasapparentlyusedbychinooksalmonascoverpromptingdevelopmentofsuitabilitycriteriaforclear«30NTU)andturbid(>30NTU)con-ditions.Catcheswereinsufficientforanalysisoftheotherspeciesbyturbiditylevel.Suitabilitycriteriaforpercentcover,covertype,velocity,anddepthweredevelopedforallfourspeciesofsalmon.Compositeweightingfactorswereformulatedandcorrelatedorcomparedwithobservedfishcatch.Limitationsofthesuitabilitycriteriaandpossibleusesinhabitatanalysisarediscussed.cie.-t/
3.5.1Chinookandcohosalmon...........................223.5.2Sockeyeandchums~~mon•••.••••....•.••••..••••/..611-.LCLISTOFTABLES•••••••••••••••.••...•••••••••••••••....••••••..•.•••LISTOFFIGURES•.•••...•••••••.•...••••••.•••.••••...•••..••....•••iviiv1414162212222447781010191920202022viiPage.................................Cover..............................•..............DataAnalysis.FieldDataCollection•........••..••••••..•..•...••.....•3.2.2Depthandvelocity.2.2•1 Bi0109ica1••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••2.2.2Physical.StudyLoca'~ens••.....•••••...••••.••.•••....•••••••..•.••AnalysisofChinookandCohoSalmonDistributioninClearWaterUsingElectrofishingData..AnalysisofChinookSalmonDistributioninTurbidWaterUsingBeachSeineData.............•..•................3.2.1Cover.3.3.1Cover.......•..........••.........................3.3.2Depthandvelocity••....••....•......•.........•..2.3.1Coveranalysis•....•.....•.....•...•..............2.3.2Velocityanddepthanalysis•••••••••.••••••••..•••2.3.3Testsofdatafit.3.4.13.4.2Depthandvelocity.Catches•.•.•••..••••••••.•...••.•.•....•••.•••..••.•...INTRODUCTION•••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••.••••••••RESULTS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.12.23.1SamplingEffortandCatch•••••••••••.•••••••.•.•••••..•••2.33.4AnalysisofSockeyeandChumSalmonDistributionUsingPooledElectrofishingandBeachSeineData.•••.•.METHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.5TestsofFittedHabitatCriteriatoObservedFish~LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES.•......•...........••......................1.02.0TABLEOFCONTENTSr"~).~ABSTRACT~........................3.0IIeI...IIIIII~III~,(Ir.r~,I
5.0CONTRIBUTORS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••..•4.1LimitationsoftheSuitabilityCriteria••••••••••••....•.4.4RecommendedApplicationsfortheSuitabilityCriteria••..4.2Chinook-andCohoSalmon................................•.40IPageJ28J2829J293031313232353637Calculationsofsuitabilityofcovertypeforchinookandcohosalmoninclearwater•••...•••4.3.1Sockeyesalmon.4.3.2Chumsalmon.•...•••.•..•••.•••...••••.•....•••.•..4.2.1Chinooksalmon.......•.............•.............•·4.2.2Cohosalmon.•••.•....•••..•..•.••••..•.••...•..•..AppendixA4.3SockeyeandChumSalmon.7.0LITERATURECITED.. .(dh1JO~TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont;nued~~~4.0.DISCUSSION..•.•.•.•..•••.•••.••...•.•....•..•....•...•••.•...•6.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS_..................•.•..•....•...........8.0APPENDICES~.IIiti~~-AppendixBAppendixCCalculationsofeffectofcovertypeondistributionsofsockeyeandchumsalmon.......44Suitabilityindicesforjuvenilesalmonforcover,velocity,anddepth.....................47c,iiic-6~
----------------1IbyRobertP.Marshall,PaulM.Suchanek,andDanaC.Schmidt1984ReportNo.2,Part4AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503JUVENILESALMONREARINGHABITATMODELSr'ry).....•~J-'\-/ABSTRACTc~D/TheeffectsofmainstemdischargeonrearinghabitatofjuvenilesalmonintheSusitnaRiverreachbetweentheChulitnaRiverconfluenceandDevilCanyonwerequantifiedbyuseofhabitatmodels.Sixsloughandsidechannelsitesweresampledatfourtosevendifferentlevelsofmainstemdischargeduringthe1983openwaterseason.Datawerecollectedonhydrauliccharacteristics,cover,waterquality,watersurfacearea,andfishdensity.Suitabilitycriteriawereintegratedwiththehabitatdatatocalculateweightingfactorsforcoverandvelocityforselectedspeciesateachsite.Theseweightingfactors,whichwerecalculatedforbothshorelineandmid-channelareas,werethencombinedwithareatoproduceweightedusableareasforthesite.Ahabitatindexwasthencalculatedforsitecomparisons.Peaksinhabitatindicesforchinooksalmonoccurredwhensloughorsidechannelheadswereovertopped.Uplandsloughhabitatindicessteadilyincreasedwithmainstemdischarge.Lackofcovermaylimitjuvenilesalmonuseofmanyofthesites.~\~~~(.'-.~>i~/
ABSTRACT•••••••••••••••••-.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••i2.0METHODS•••••••••••-.......................................33312PageCk:-~Studysitelocationandselectioncriteria.••Samplinggriddesign•••••.•••••••••••..•.••.•Cellmeasurements•..•.•...•.....•..•..•.....•JUVENILESALMONREARINGHABITATMODELSTABLEOFCONTENTS~i1J~2.1.12.1.22.1.33.6Slough5............................................292.2.1Surfaceareas................................132•2•2Mode1• •• •• •••• • •• • •••• •• •••••• ••••• • ••••. •• ••162.2.3Modelverification•••~.......................183.8ModelVerification..................................353.7Slough6A-.............353•5 S1au9h8............................................293.3Slough22...........................................202.2DataAnalysis.......................................133.1SurfaceAreas.......................................203.2SideChannelIDA....................................202.1FieldSamplingDesign...............................33.4WhiskersCreekSlough...............................293.0RESULTS..................................................20LISTOFTABLES................................................viLISTOFPLATES••••••••••••••••••••••••••~.....................viiLISTOFFIGURES...............................................ivLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES.......................................viii1.0INTRODUCTION.............................................1~dO
4.1ChinookSalmon•••••••.••••••••••••••••~.............39c/~DISCUSSION••••l.r±..~J-,'"7j........................Page394.2CohoSalmon.........................................394.3SockeyeandChumSalmon.............................424.4LimitationsoftheModelsRegardingMethodology424.5ModelVerification•.•••.....•-.......................425.0CONTRIBUTORS.............................................456.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................467.0LITERATURECITED.........................................478.0APPENDICES~.~~)~~/'AppendixAWeightedUsableAreaandHabitatIndicesTabulatedbySiteandSpecies•.•.••••••..48eiiiC~/
"~------------------..-.~s~pRESIDENTFISHDISTRIBUTIONANDPOPULATIONDYNAMICSINTHESUSITNARIVERBELOWDEVILCANYON1984ReportNo.2,Part5byRichardL.SundetandMarkN.WengerAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503ABSTRACTStudiesofresidentfishduring1983wereconcentratedonthereachoftheSusitnaRiverbetweentheChulitnaRiverconfluenceandDevilCanyon.Withtheuseofradiotelemetryandmarkandrecapturemethods,theseasonaldistributionofrainbowtroutandestimatesoflocalabundancewere"obtained.Examinationofrecapturedataoverthepastseveralyearssuggeststhattherainbowtroutpopulationinthisreachisprobablylessthan4,000fish.Mostoftheconcentrationsareinthesmallertributaries,particularlyFourthofJulyCreek,whichalsohastheonlysignificantamountofsuccessfulspawningdocumentedsofarinthisportionoftheSusitnabasin.Thelargetributaries,PortageCreekandIndianRiver,hadcomparativelysmallnumbersofrearingrainbowtrout.Thisspeciesspendsmuchofitsannuallifecycleinthemain-stemSusitnaneartributarymouthareasormixingzoneconfluencesofsloughs.Muchofthemigratorymovementsduringthesummerappeartobeinresponsetotheinfluxofadultsalmonspawners,whoseeggsapparent-lyprovideamajorsourceoffood.Radiotaggedrainbowtroutmovementdatasuggeststhatthemainstemisimportantforoverwintering.LimiteddatafromtaggedrainbowtroutbelowtheChulitnaRiverconfluencesuggeststhereachofriverbetweenRM78.0andTalkeetnamayalsobeanimportantoverwinteringareaforTalkeetnaRiverstocksaswell.Spawn-ingofroundwhitefishinOctoberandprobablyburbotinJanuaryisdirectlyinfluencedbymainstemflows.YoungageclassArcticgraylingandroundwhitefishappeartoresideinthemainstemSusitna,usuallyneartributaryorsloughmouths.NearlyallofthespawningandmostoftherearingofolderageclassArcticgraylingoccursintributaries.ArcticgraylingoverwinterinthemainstemSusitna.DollyVardenarerareinthisreachoftheSusitna.Selectedsiteshavebeenestablishedthatcanbeusedtomonitorcatchperuniteffortoftheresidentspecies,andconsequentlytheirresponsetoflowregulationoftheproposedhydroelectricproject.Q=--,-'j--~-_-:--~::;~./E=~~it~/
•LISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.••••••••.••••viiiv31xiviviiINTRODUCTION••••••••••••••.••••••••••.••••••••.•••••.•••••••••METHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LISTOFFIGURES•.••••••.•••••••.....••••••.••••••.••..••••.••..•.••LISTOFTABLES•••.•••••••.•..••.••.•..•e._••••••••••••••e__•••••••••••LIST'OFAPPENDIXTABLES••••••••.•••..••.•••••.••.•.•••.••••••..•...1.02.0-LISTOFPLATES•••••••••••••••••••••••.•·..•••.••••••.••....•....••••I(t~~.~oIi\p6\)3).q\'~TABLEOFABSTRACTCONTENTS..........r.........• •• •• •• • •• •Page..I.rt2.1Study·Locations.........................32.1.1Relativeabundancemeasurements...................32.1.2Populationestimates..............................32.1.3Radiotelemetry...................................3E··..-~1-----7..::;~2.2DataCollection.2.2.1Relativeabundance.2.2.2Populationestimates.••••.••.•.•••••..•••••.•••...2.2.3Radiotelemetry.66892~2.3.1Equipment................................92.2.3.2Transmitterimplantation.................92.2.3.3Tracking.................................102.3DataRecordingandAnalysis..............................133.0RESULTS••••••••.•••••••••••••.••••..•••••••••••.•••••.•.••.•••143.1RainbowTrout............................................143.1.1Distributionandrelativeabundance...............143.1.2Movementandmigration............................143.1.3Populationestimates..............................183.2Burbot...................................................183.2.1Distributionandrelativeabundance...............183.2.2Movementandmigration............................203.2.3Populationestimates..............................20CJiie-e/
4.1RainbowTrout.............................................284.0DISCUSSION.....................................................28-I1J111JJ1I1ArcticGra~~.!.~.~~!pa::3.3.1Distributionandrelativeabundance...............203.3.2Movementandmigration............................203.4.1Distributionandrelativeabundance...............233.4.2Movementandmigration............................233.5.1Distributionandrelativeabundance.~.............253.5.2Movementandmigration............................253.7.1DollyVarden......................................273.7.2Threespinestickleback............................273.7.3Arcticlamprey.......................273.6.1Distributionandrelativeabundance...............253.6.2Movementandmigration............................273.6LongnoseSucker..........................................253.7OtherSpecies............................................273.4RoundWhitefish..........................................233.5HumpbackWhitefish.......................................253.3~eC~4.2Burbot...324.3ArcticGrayling..........................................344.4RoundWhitefish..........................................364.5HumpbackWhitefish.......................................384.6LongnoseSucker..........................................404.7OtherSpecies............................................414.7.1DollyVarden......................................414.7.2Threespinestickleback............................414.7.3Arcticlamprey....................................425.0CONTRIBUTORS..................................................43~'~f---..~6.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................447.0LITERATURECITED~.............................................45ii,i.c£-~·
effie;ency.AppendixBRadiotaggedfishmovementdata••••••••••..••••.•AppendixCPopulationandbi6logicalcharacteristics•.•.•••.•AppendixDPopulationestimates••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••49626594PageU-/t:.---iv(01Y7)~~~PPENDICESAppendixAGearefficiencyandselectivityandtagretentionIt~I-IIIIIIC-=~~-'cIIIIIII~r~r
_________________••••••••••••_iiisii--il,ii-Eilii£~""i>~.~~~'_...c~Themacrohabitatdistributionandmicrohabitatsuitabilityforrainbowtrout,Arcticgrayling,roundwhitefish,andlongnosesuckersintheSusitnaRiverdrainagebetweentheChulitnaRiverconfluenceandDevilCanyonwereevaluatedusingelectrofishing,beachseine,andhookandlinecatchdataandhabitatdatacollectedatradiotelemetryrelocationsites(rainbowtroutandburbot)andspawningsites(roundwhitefish).Turbidityhadimportanteffectsondistributionofbothadultandjuvenileresidentfish.Longnosesuckersandjuvenileroundwhitefishwerefoundinhighestnumbersinturbidwater.Adultrainbowtrout,Arcticgrayling,androundwhitefishfoundclearwatermoresuitable,butusedturbidityforcover.Suitabilitycriteriaforvelocity,depth,andobjectcoverwerefittothedistributionofresidentfish.Thelo-cationofradiotaggedrainbowtroutamongmacrohabitattypesvariedgreatlybyseason.byPaulM.Suchanek,RichardL.SundetandMarkN.WengerABSTRACT(JS~i1984ReportNo.2,Part6AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503L\C\~~~RESIDENTFISHHABITATSTUDIES•t·~•r(!J)IIIIIIk·····~···~~j=-=-~:-IIIIIII--(!~
--------------~===~~._"-LISTOFFIGURES••.....•••.,....••••••.,•.••••-..••..••••••••..•..•.LISTOFTABLES..••.•••..•.••..•..••.•.•....•.•..•.•..•..•...•...LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES••••••••.•.••••••••••.•••••••.•••••••••..viviv12222555888810121212121717172323232327Page.c-SV"fish••••.•••.••••..•••••.••••iiRainbowtrout...•......•..•...•...•Arcticgrayling.•..................Roundwhitefish•....•.•.....•......Longnosesuckers.............••...•Burbot.TABLEOFCONTENTS~4"}':?)3.2.1.13.2.1.23.2.1.33.2.1.43.2.1.5Biological.Habitat.Macrohabitatstudies.••.••••.••••••••••..••.•••Microhabitatstudies•••..••••••••.•..••••••....Adultresidentfish..•••..••....•..•.....•.•••..DataCollection.2.3.2.1Adultresidentfish•......•••.•.••••.••.2.3.2.2Juvenileresidentfish•..•.•••..•.....•.Data'Analysis.......•.•..•......••....•...•....•..•...StudyLocations'.3.1.1Adultresidentfish...•........................2.2.12.2.22.3.1Macrohabitatstudies••.•.••....•~••.•...••••••.2.3.2Microhabitatstudies••••••.....••••..•.•.•.••••2.1.12.1.23.2.13.2.2.Juvenileresident3.1.2Juvenileresidentfish••••••.•••.••••...•••....INTRODUCTION••••••••••••••••••••••.••••.••..•••••••••.••••.RESULTS••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••.••••••2.32.2Field2.1METHODS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1MacrohabitatDistribution••.••.•.•....••.•.......•.••.3.2MicrohabitatSuitability••.••••••••...••••••....•••••.3.01.02.0•~i~~ABSTRACT•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••IIIIIIeII-III~-=..•f=:I
____________________••••••••••iiiEimiw•.,··~·;·;'.L"...__;~7.0LITERATURECITED..••.•.•.••.•...•..••.•.•••.•••••....••..••4~1AdultResidentFish...••.....•.......•..........•.....4.2"JuvenileResidentFish.••......••......••.•.....•.....5.0CONTRIBUTORS.36Page292930323334Suitabilityindicesforresidentspeciesforcover,velocity,anddepth•...•.....•........•.•........•....AppendixA6.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.8.0APPENDICESIt~I-IIII~Appendix8Roundwhitefishspawningmicro-habitatdata.38l:i:·,ijI,I;I:,-i:t~"iiic.p/
..~~J-}.1r"\MODELLINGOFJUVENILESALMONANDRESIDENTFISHHABITATReportSeriesNo.2,Part7byStephenS.Hale,PaulM.Suchanek,andDanaC.SchmidtAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503ABSTRACTOutputfromtheInstreamFlowGrouphydraulicmodelsofrearinghabitatforjuvenilesalmonandresidentspeciesatsevensitesintheChulitnaRiverconfluencetoDevilCanyonreachoftheSusitnaRiverleadstosimilarconclusionsasthosedrawnfrqmahabitatmodeldevelopedbytheSusitnaHydroAquaticStudiesgroupforsixadditionalsites.Overtop-pingofsidesloughheadsbymainstemdischargecausesabruptchangesinrearinghabitatwhichareofpositivebenefitforsomespecies/lifestagesandnegativeforothers.Rearinghabitatforchinooksalmonatthestudysitesisgreatestwhentheheadofthesiteisslightlyovertopped,thusprovidingturbidwaterforcoverandmoderatewatervelocities.Theportionsofthisreachwhicharedirectlyinfluencedbythemainstemprovideonlylimitedrearinghabitatforcohoandsockeyesalmonduringtheopenwaterseason,butarelikelytobeofmajorimportanceforalloverwinteringspecies.Residentspeciesareassoci-atedwithlevelsofturbidity,velocity,andfoodsupplyandingeneralarenotabundantinsidesloughswhentheheadisclosedunlessatributaryispresent.CJS/
·...,.""".--_.•iiiv122555669101010171722223131353536363941454647~.'."...:f$--k~/~~~~JTABLEOFCONTENTSi i4.3SummaryofSeasonalHabitatProjectionsforRearingSalmonandResidentFish......•.•...•..••...4.2.2Modeloutput....•.......••.....................4.1LimitationsoftheData••••.•••••••••...•••.•••.......4.2ComparisonofIFGModelswithRJHAB•.•••.....••.••••..4.2.1Modelcharacteristics•••••••••......•..••...••.3.3•1Juvenilesalrnan••• •••• •• ••• •• •• ••. •••••••••••••3.3.2Residentspecies•.•...........•.......•........3.2IFGModelVerification•••.............................3.3HabitatIndices.........•............•................3.1.1Chinooksalmon•......•...••....•..........•.•..3.1.2Chumandsockeyesalmon••..•..•.••..••.••...•.•3.1.3Residentspecies•....•...•....••........•......3.1IFGWeightedUsableArea••.•••.••....•••.•••..•••.•.•.2.3SuitabilityCriteria..•....•.•.•......•..........•.•..2.4WeightedUsableAreaProjections•..••••••.•..•.•......2.5ModelVerification.•.•................••........•.....2.1Study~ocations....•.•••.•....•••••.•.•.••.•.•........2.2PhysicalHabitatModelling••••••..•••••••••••••.•••...2.2.1InstreamFlowGroup(IFG)PHABSIMModels•..••..2.2.2RJHabitatModel(RJHAB)••.••.••••••..•..••••••LISTOFFIGURES.•.••••..••••••••••.•.•-.•••••••••••••••....••••.•7.0LITERATURECITED•.••••••.•••...••.•••••••.••••••..••••••••.LISTOFTABLES....•••.•.•...•..•••••.•••••••••..•••••.•....•....1.0INTRODUCTION.•••.•••.•••••••••.•...•••••••••••.•••.••.•••••5.·0CONTRIBUTORS••••••..••.••••••••.••••••••.•.•••••••..•.••..•PageABSTRACT.. . •. . •. . . . . •••. . . . •. . . •. . ••. . . ••. •. . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . ••. . .i6.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS••.••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••.•••••2.0METHODS•.•••••.••••••••••••.•••'••••••••••••••••.••.••••••.•4.0DISCUSSIOt~••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••3.0RESULTS-.~i)
)21Estes,C.C.,andD.S.Vincent-lang,editors.1984.Aquatichabitatandinstreamflowinvestigations,May-OCtober1983(10Volumes:Chapters1,10).SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies.ReportNo.3.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,'Alaska•...-.......'-".(See:lIJ-j)'-=-.;,;;.::•y/
StageandDischargeInvestigations.9-1-ACONTE~ITSOFREPORTNO.3(Chacter12P-artOneChannelGeometryInvestigations.)..l-B~()(~-\(L.O?-~~4,3ContinuousWaterTemperatureInvestigations.JI -C.4WaterQualityInvestigations.J\-1)PartTwoin,;Llr-:AnEvaluationofChumandSockeyeSalmonSpawningHabitatinSloughsandSideChannelsoftheMiddleSusitnaRiver.~ICAnEvaluationofSalmonSpawningHabitatinSelectedTributaryMouthHabitatsoftheMiddleSusitnaRiver.-~l-HEulachonSpawningintheLowerSusitnaRiver.~\-~AnEvaluationofPassageConditionsforAdultSalmonSloughsandSideChannelsoftheMiddleSusitnaRiver.HabitatSuitabilityCriteriaforChinook,Coho,andPinkSalmonSpawning.~l---STheEffectivenessofInfraredThermalImageryTechniquesforDetectingUpwellingGroundwater.;L\-:rQuestionsconcerningthisandpriorreportsshouldbedirectedto:Chaoter56{,3-78910~.{---c'-=~*.~\q\~-V~J-AlaskaPowerAuthority334W.5thAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501Telephone(907)276-0001c£~
I\\\,i::::::::::::L.I...~~. / -'V,/,"'~"\'!·-----;:iri:!>~~!ir."~!~~~~¥~·\1:g,~~;~t>r;·:;..··...."b:'!':',,.':..~.%.;,:.~;~,;...:-::-~...".'!t_....:.:_.~'s\E:5I\~~REPORTNO.3AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1983)Chapter1:StageandDIschargeInvestigations~21,Q.ArllDlJc}f/13DALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAME./SUSITNAHYDROAOUATICSTUDIESREPORTSE~~~;/~~V
cSTAGEA.NOOrSCHARGEfNVESTIGATTONS(t'2.~a:..\1984ReportNo.1,Chapter1~~JbyTimQuane,PatMarrow,andTommyWithrowABSTRACTAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAqlIaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAncharage,Alaska99503l?~~C;)c·_;..~;l/Baseline.hydrologicaldatahavebeencollectedwithintheSusitnaRiverbasinsince1981inconjunctionwiththebase:line'fisheriesstudiesbeingconductedbytheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroelectricAquaticStudiesFeasibilityTeam.Theprimaryobjectiveofthedatacollectionprogramhasbeentocollectbaselinehydrologicaldata(stage/watersurfaceelevation,streamflow,anddischarge)withinthevarietyoffishhabitatsthatare presentintheSusitnaRiverbasinandtodeterminetheinfluencesofmainstemdischargeconditionsonthehydrologicalcharacteristicsofthesehabitats.Althoughtheseinvesti-gationshavebeenconductedthroughoutthislargeglacially-fedriversystem,efforthasbeenconcentratedinthereachofriverextendingfromTalkeetna(RM97)toDevi1Canyon(RM150)asimpactsfromtheconstructionandoperationoftheproposedhydroelectricdevelopmentareexpectedtobegreatestinthisriverreach.SixmajorfisheryhabitattypesarelocatedinthereachofriverfromTalkeetnatoDevilCanyon;mainstem,sidechannel,sideslough,uplandslough,tributarymouth,andtributary.Sufficientdatawascollectedtodescribetherelationshipofmainstemdischargeonthewatersurfaceelevationofthemainstemat46sites.Basedonthesedata,thisrelationshipisfairlywelldefinedfortherangeofdischargesfrom5,000to30,000cfs(asreferencedtotheUSGSGoldCreekmainstemdischargegagingstation).Mainstemdi!ichargewasalsofoundtoin-fluence,tovaryingdegrees,thehydrauliccharacteristicsofsidechannelsandsidesloughhabitatsbycreatingbackwaterareasandbyovertoppingtheheadsofthesehabitats.Priortoovertoppingevents,flowinthesehabitatswasfoundtobegenerallyclearandlow,originatingfromgroundwaterupwellingandsurfacewaterrunoff.Subsequenttoovertopping,flowinthesehabitatswasfoundtoincreasedramaticallyandbecomedirectlygovernedbymainstemdischarge.Theheadsofuplandsloughhabitatsareneverfoundtobreach,_withtheonlyinfluenceofmainstemdischargeonthesehabitatsbeingbackwatereffects.ThestreamflowregimesofthemajorclearwatertributariesinthisreachwerealsoevaluatedtodeterminetherelativecontributionofthetributariestotheoveralldischargeoftheSusitnaRiverwatershed.InformationfromthesestudieswillbeusedbyotherprojectbiologistsandengineerstoevaluatetheimpactofhydroelectricdevelopmentontheSusitnaRiver../',e-'G
((~{q)TABLEOFCONTENTS~:2\~PageABSTRACT...........................................................iTABLEOFCONTENTS.............................•.....................iiLISTOFFIGURES.....................................................ixLISTOFTABLES••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••.••••••••••.•••••••••••••xivLISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••.••xviic;).,LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••xxiii1.0INTRODUCTION.•......••.•......•.....•.•.......................11.1Background~.......11.2Objectives••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••~......••.•31.2.1MainstemHabitats..................................31.2.2SideChannel,SideSloughandUplandSloughHabitats.••••••••••.•~...............31.2.3TributaryHabitats-'.......42.0METHODS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5,:(II!,IIIIjil:'!1,2.1SiteSelection·52.1.1MainstemHabitats..................................52.1.2SideChannel,SideSloughandUplandSloughHabitats••.•~........................52.1.3TributaryHabitats112.2FieldDataCollection••...•••.•...••.••.•...••............112.2.1Stage..............................................112.2.2DischargeProcedures13~jI\1Ij2.3AnalyticalApproach•....••..•••••...•.•.•••.•...••.........132.3.1MainstemHabitats•••••.••.•••••••••••.•••••.•.••...13i i13Habitats•••••.•••••.•••••••••••••~~"/2.3.2SideChannel,SideSloughandUplandSloughHabitats••••.•••••••.•••..•.•••••••..132.3.3TributaryL
3.0RESULTS•••••,•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..143.2SideChannels....•..........••.•••.•....•......•..•.......143.2.1.5Backwater.................................18Pagec-ct/l*:l\ajiii3.2.2.2GeneralResults)253.2.2.5Backwater303.2.3.5Backwater343.2.1.2GeneralResults••••••••.••••••••••••••••••183.2.3.2GeneralResults-.....•..•...•....•....•....303.2.1.3Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••.•••.••183.2.1.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarge..•..............................183.2.2.3Stage/DischargeRelationship•..•••.•••••.•253.2.2.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges•.....•........••....•..........253.2.3.3Stage/DischargeRelationship..••.•.•.....•303.2.3.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges........................343.2.1Mainstem2Sid~Channel(RM114.4)••••••••••••••..•173.2.1.1SiteDescription..........................173.2.2SideChannel10(RM133.8)••••••••••••••••••••••..•253.2.2.1SiteDescription•••••••.••••••••••••~••.••253.2.4UpperSideChannel11(RM136.2)•.••••..•.••••••..•343.2.4.1SiteDescription•••.••.•.•••••••••..•...•.343.2.3LowerSideChannel11(RM134.6)••.••.•.••••••.....303.2.3.1SiteDescription•.•.••••••••.•••••..••....303•1MainsternHab;tats•••••••••••••••••• •••• •. •••. . •••••. •. . . ••14TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont.)~~~(~cc
IIeIIIIIIr~~III!ITABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont.)....-Page3.2.4.2GeneralResults..........•................343.2.4.3Stage/DischargeRelationship.•••••••••••••343.2.4.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges..........•....•.....•...••.....383.2.4..5Backwater.................................383.2.5SideChannel21(RM141.2)•••••••••••••••••••••.•••383.2.5.1SiteDescription•••••••••••••.••••••••.•••383.2.5.2GeneralResults•••.•••.•••••••••••••••••••383.2.5.3Stage/DischargeRelationship••••••••••.•••433.2.5.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges..................•.•..........•433.2.5.5Backwater••••••••••••••••••••••~••••••..••433.3SideSloughs............•....••.....................•..•..433.3.1WhiskersSideSlough(RM101.2)••••••••••••••••••••483.3.1.1SiteDescription••••.•••••••.••••••••.••••483.3.1.2GeneralResults................•..........483.3.1.3Stage/DischargeRelationship••••••••.••.•.483.3.1.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges.............................•..483.3.1.5Backwater523.3.2SideSlough8(RM133.6)•••••.•.••••......•.•..••..523.3.2.1SiteDescription•.••..•.••.••••••...•••••.523.3.2.2GeneralResults523.3.2.3Stage/DischargeRelationship•••.•••••••••.523.3.2.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges......•.....•............•.•...."523.3.2.5Backwater.................................57eivcL-V
3.3.5.5Backwater.................................723.3.3.2GeneralResults•••••.•••••••••••••••••••••573.3.3.1SiteDescription••••••••••••.••••.•••.••••573.3.5.3Stage/DischargeRelationship••••••.••.••••72~£V'PageG1~j125.3).........•................57v3.3.3.5Backwater.................................63<3.3.4.2GeneralResults633.3.4.5Backwater683.3.5.2GeneralResults723.3.3.3Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••••..••.573.3.3.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarge~••••.•..•••.••.••.•••..•.•..•...633.3.4.3Stage/DischargeRelationship••••••••....••683.3.4.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges..•......o••••••••••••••••••••••683.3.4.1SiteDescription•.•.•••••••••••••••••••••.633.3.5.1SiteDescription•••••.•..•..•••••.•.•.••..683.3.6.2GeneralRes~lts•...••...•.....••..........75/3.3.6.1SiteDescription•••••••••••.•.••••••••••••723.3.5.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges723.3.6.3Stage/DischargeRelationship••••.•••.••..•753.3.6.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischar~es•..••...•••..••.••..•.•.••......753.3.4SideSlough9(RM128.3)••.••.•.••••••••..••••....•633.3.6SideSlough16B(RM137.8).•..•.•.•..•••••••....•.•723.3.5SideSlough11(RM135.7)••••••••••••.••••••••..•.•68~?-~~OFCONTENTS(Cont.)3.3.3SideSlough8A(RMc~~,(~/
,4l1ot~)TABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont.)."-.-.\~JJ~)Page3.3.6.5Backwater.•...............................753.3.7SideSlough20(RM140.2)••.••••••••.•••••.••••••••753.3.7.1SiteDescription••••••••••••••••••••••••••753.3.7.2GeneralResults.........................•.803.3.7.3Stage/Discharge~elationship••••.•••.•.•••803.3.7.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges...••....•................o•o••803.3.7.5Backwat~r................................803.3.8SideSlough21(RM141.8).........................803.3.8.1SiteDescription.........................803.3.8.2GeneralResults..........................853.3.8.3Stage/DischargeRelationship.............853.3.8.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDisc,harges...............................853.3.8.5Backwater................................853.3.9SideSlough22(RM144.2).........................903.3.9.1SiteDescription.........................903.3.9.2GeneralResults..........................903.3.9.3Stage/DischargeRelationship.............903.3.9.4MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges...............................903.3.9.5Backwater•••.•••••••••••••.•••..•••••..•~903.4UplandSloughs...........................................953.4.1UplandSlough6A(RM112.3).......................953.4.1.1SiteDescription.........................953.4.1.2GeneralResults..........................953.4.1.3Stage/DischargeRelationship.............95IvieeL/
Page3.4.1.4Backwater................................953.4.2UplandSlough19(RM140.0).......................983.4.2.1SiteDescription.........................983.4.2.2GeneralResults..........................983.4.2.3Stage/DischargeRelationship.............983.4.2.4Backwater.................................983.5Tributaries...............................................983.5.1WhiskersCreek(RM101.4)..••••••••.•••••••••.•.•.1013.5.1.1SiteDescription.........................1013.5.1.2GeneralResults••••~••••••••••••.•••.•.••1013.5.1.3Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••.•.•••1013.5.2LaneCreek(RM113.6)••••••••••.•••••••••••••••..•1013.5.2.1SiteDescription•••••••••••••••••.••.•..•1013.5.2.2GeneralResults..........................1013.5.2.3Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••••.•••1053.5.3FourthofJulyCreek(RM131.1).•.••.•••••••••.•••1053.5.3.1SiteDescription•••••••••••••••••••••••.•1053.5.3.2GeneralResults•••.••••.••••••••••••.••••1053.5.3.3Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••..••..1053.5.4WaterfallCreek(RM140.1)•••••.•.••••••••••••••.•1053.5.4.1SiteDescription•••••••••••.•.•••••.•••.•1053.5.4.2GeneralResults.••.••••••••••.••..••••.••1053.5.4.3Stage/DischargeRelationship••.•.••..•••.1103.5.5UnnamedTributaryatSideSlough20(RM140.1)..•.1103.5.5.1SiteDescription•.••••..•.•••••.•••.••••.110c~C-'_____j~'ccTABLEOFCONTENTS(C~.d\c0ont.)\:-)viil?;~q)cE/
viii~~/Page3.5.5.2GeneralResults•••••••.••.•••••••.•••.•••1103.5.5.3Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••••••••1103.5.6GoldCreek(RM136.8)•••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••1103.5.6.1SiteDescription••••••••••••••••••••••.••1103.5.6.2GeneralResults•••••••••••••••••••••.•...1103.5.6.3Stage/DischargeRelationship••••••••••••.1143.5.7IndianRiver(RM138.6)•••••••••••••••••••••••..••1143.5.7.1SiteDescription•••••••••••••••.••.'......1143.5.7.2GeneralResults•••••••••••••••••••••.••••1143.5.7.3Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••.•••••1143.5.8PortageCreek(RM148.8)••••••••••.••••••..•••••••1203.5.8.1SiteDescription•••••••••••••..•••••.•...1203.5.8.2GeneralResults••••••••••••••••.•••••••••1203.5.8.3Stage/DischargeRelationship••••.•••••.•.120DISCUSSION•...............................••.........·124CONTRIBUTORS•••••••••••••••••••••..•.•1.1• •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••129ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS•.............................................130LITERATURECITED..............................................131GLOSSARY.••• •••• •••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••• ••••••••••••132tIeIIIIIIIt=•.IIIIIII~f>ITABLEOFCONTENTS(Cont.)4.05.06.07.08.0l~\aJl~~q)
·.~......"'.~......"";-"'.'----"....--"'";;.",c-----.-.~~e~if~~1£s/--·1,c-REPORTNO.3AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMrLO·WINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1883)Cbapter2:ChannelGeometryInvestigations*21t;~APIIDocIf/931ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAME-SUSITNAHYDROAQUATlCSTUDIESREPORTSERIES
c~ChannelGeome-tryrnvestigation~oftheSusitnaRiverBasin1984ReportNo.3,Chapter2~,..~I:(;IIe! -- .by:TimQuane,IsaacQueral,TheresaKeklak,andDonSeagren,AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2Z07SpenardRd.Anchoraga,Alaska99503ABSTRACTChannelgeometrydatahavebeencollectedbytheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudiesFeasibilityStudyTeamsince1982attwenty-onesidechannel,uplandandsidesloughandtributaryhabitatslocatedintheTalkeetnatoDevilCanyonreachoftheSusitnaRiver.Thesedatahavebeenusedtodescribethechannelcharacter-isticsofthesestudysites.Thalwegprofiles,depictingtheoverallgradient,extentofbackwater,andsubstratecompositionofthesite,wereconstructedfromthedataforfoursidechannelandthirteenuplandandsidesloughs.Crosssectionprofiles,illustratingthecrosssectionalchannelcharacteristicsandwettedsurfaceareaasaresponsetostagechanges,werealsodevelopedforselectedstage/dischargemonitoringstationswithinthesestUdysites.Thesedataareusedbyotherprojectbiologistsandengineerstoevaluatetheimpactofhydro-electricdevelopmentontheSusitnaRiver.~C/;
LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES....•..............•......................1.0INTRODUCTION.. . . . . •. . •. . . . . . ••. •••. . •. •••. . . •. . . ••. . . . . . . . . . 11.1Background.............. ........ . .... .............. . . . . 11.2Objective.s.............................................11.2.1ThalwegProfileStudy..........•.......•........11.2.2CrossSectionalProfileStudies.................12.0METHODS••••••••••••••••••••••••••~•••••••••••••••••••••••••~.32.1SiteSelection.........................................32.1.1ThalwegProfileSurveys................32.1.2CrossSectionalProfileSurveys.................32.2FieldDataCollection.·.................................32.2.1ThalwegDataCollectionProcedures..............32.2.2CrossSectionalDataCollectionProcedures......32.3AnalyticalApproach.....................................72.3.1ThalwegProfileStudyAnalysis..................72.3.2CrossSectionalProfileStudyAnalysis.73.0RESULTS...••••...••..•••..•...••••...•.••.•••••.....•.......93.1SideChannelHabitats93.1.1Mainstem2SideChannel(RM114.4)..............93.1.2SideChannel10(RM133.8)......................93.1.3UpperSideChannel11(RM136.2)................14LISTOFTABLES.••••..••.••••••...•.•.•.•.•••••.••....•........•.•TABLEOFCONTENTS•••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••..•••••.•....'•.Pageii iivviiixCf::/(!<d\0; il~~~........................................................LISTOFFIGURES•..•.•..•....•.•......•...•..•.•••................ABSTRACTTABLEOFCONTENTS
3.4TributaryHabitats.....................................643.4.1FourthofJulyCreek(RM131.1).................643.4.2GoldCreek(RM136.8)...........................643.4.3IndianRiver(RM138.6).........................643.4.4PortageCreek(RM148.8)........................713.5GeneralResults........................................71. c~1Y)(;If?-\6)3.1.4SideChannel21(RM140.6)......................213.2SideS1aughHabitats••••••••••.••.•••..••••........••..213.2.1WhiskersCreekSideSlough(RM101.2)...........213.2.2SideSlough8(RM113.6)........................253.2.3SideSlough8A(RM126.2)••.••••••••.•••;.......253.2.4SideSlough9(RM128.3)........................323.2.5SideSlough9A(RM133.2).......................323.2.6SideSlough11(RM135.7).......................403.2.7SideSloughs16/16B(RM137.7)..................403.2.8SideSlough20(RM140.2)•••'....................463.2.9SideSlough21(RM141.8).......................463.2.10SideSlough22(RM144.2)......................533.3UplandSloughHabitats.................................533.3.1UplandSlough6A(RM112.3).....................593.3.2UplandSlough10(RM133.8).....................593.3.3UplandSlough19(RM140.0).....................64C~·9~.'--/'4.05.06.07.08.09.0DISCUSSION••••..•...•••••.•..•.•••.••..••••••••....••..•.•..GLOSSARY•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••..•••••CONTRIBUTORS•.•.••..••.•.•.•.•••••••••.••••.•.•.....••..•...ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LITERATURECITED••......••.....•.•..•...••..•......••.·••••·APPENDICES••....•.•••.•••....••.....•.•••••...•....••....•..;;;757679808182/'e..,~
/",.Ji.:r-:I:/I..-£s~§JIt\"'-2--·····-1··;~···-····~··'·'I.i1fc.A1'/1DbC.:#193~ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESC~er3:ContinuousWaterTemperatureInvestigations;--------_._----REPORTNO.3AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1983)];1~1··~··~-??t:~,--~:;:-1)"-_'::~.~.;{~::.:"!"'o'":,.',---,J·~t~~-~·:·t-1~;~·f~,If:I-<JJ'II:.~-~-."':.-:...':-~"'.-'''''."-....-.-_.~i-:;~::fE~:1;-·00"II,_.....--...-.-~.•-......~.,._:•.-,-.•-.:--..'":;:'.".-'.-~_.,';"!J-i{-'1>,,-it
c~C~:'ContinuousWat~r~d-\C--~_.Te!TIDeratureT...._nvesl.1a-t·.'a.10ns1984Rep-ortNo.3,Chapter3by:TheresaKeklakandTimQuaneAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudiesZZ07SpenardRd.Anchorage,Alaska99503ABSiRACTSurfaceandintragravelwatertemperaturedatahavebeenrecordedonacontinuousbasisatselectedlocationsthroughouttheSusitnaRiverBasinsince1981bytheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSuHydroAquaticStudiesFeasibilityTeamtocharacterizethewatertemperatureregimesofthemainstemSusitnaRiveranditsperipheralhabitats.Duringthe1983openwaterseason(May-October,1983)baselinesurfaceandintragravelwatertemperaturedatawererecordedinthemainstemSusitnaRiveranditsperipheralsidechannel,sideslough,uplandsloughandtributaryhabitats.Althoughdatawascollectedfromtheestuary(RMO.O)toabovetheOshetnaRiver(RM235.7),thestudyconcentratedonthereachoftheriverfromtheParksHighwayBridge(RM83.9)totheOshetnaRiver(RM233.4).Duringthe1983openwaterseasonsurfacewatertemperaturesinthemainstemSusitnaRivergenerallyincreaseddownstreamfromRM235.7toRM103.0.SurfacewatertemperaturesrecordedatRM83.9werecolderreflectingtheinfluencesof.theTalkeetnaandChulitnaRivers.IntragraveltemperatureswererecordedatsitesfromRM103.3toRM142.3.Warmestintragraveltemperatureswererecordedatthemostupstreamsite.Theinfluenceofmainstemtemperaturesonsurfacewatertemperatures.insidesloughsorsidechannelsresultingfrommainstembreachingdisthargeswasobservedin5ideChannels10,Upper11,and21,andinSideSloughs9and21.Intragraveltemperaturesrecordedinsidechannelsandsidesloughswereinfluencedbygroundwaterupwellingormainstemtemperatures.VariabilityinintragraveltemperaturesrecordedwithinasidechannelorsidesloughwasobservedinUpperSideChannel11andSlough8A.Resultsoftheseinvestigationswillbeusedtoevaluatetheinfluencesthatseasonalwatertemperatureshaveafishandfishhabitatsandtocalibrateorvalidatevarioustemperaturemodels.C_.il~~~ce/
CeVTABLEOFCONTENTSABSTRACT•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••TABLEOFCONTENTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••i11111223333333778889i iixxixPagel31~i i2.2.1PeabodyRyanTemperatureRecorders(Thermographs)............................•.....2.3.1PeabodyRyanTemperatureRecorders(Thermographs)•...•..,...............••.....•....2.1.3SideandUplandSloughHabitats•••.•••••••••.•••2.1.2SideChannelHabitats•••••••.••••••••••••.••••••2.1.1MainstemHabitats.......•.....••..•.....•.......2.2.2OmnidataTemperatureRecorders(Datapods)•••••••2.2.3AdvantagesandDisadvantagesoftheInstrumentation.............••...........•......C!)-'c-J2.3.2OmnidataTemperatureRecorders(Datapods)••••..•2.1.4TributaryHabitats•••••.•••••••.••••••••••••••••1.2.4TributaryHabitats.•......••...•...•.•..........1.2.3SideandUplandSloughHabitats••••••••••••••.••1.2.2SideChannelHabitats•••••••••••••••••••••••••••1.2.1MainstemHabitats••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.••2.3AnalyticalApproach••.•..•.•••••..•.•.•.••..•.••.•••.•.1.2FY84Objectives....•........••.......•.........•.......2.1SiteSelection......•.........•••........•.•••.........2.2FieldDataCollection.•••...•...••.....•••..••.••.•.•.•1.1Backg~ound••••••••••••••••••••.••••.••.••••••••••••••••LISTOFFIGURES••...••..••.•............•...••;••.•....•....•....LISTOFTABLES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••..••••••••••••••2.0METHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••'•••••••••.1.0INTRODUCTION•..•.•.••..•.•......•......•.•..................I1'1(IIIIIII~;IIIIIIIfI
@:J-\C-')~1'\~IPageI(,3.0RESULTS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••10I3.1MainstemHabitats•••••.••.•...••.•••••••••.•.•••..•....•.103.1.1LowerReach(Estuary,RM0.0toParksIHighwayBridge,RM83.9)•••••••.••••••••••••••••••103.1.1.1Estuary(RM4.5)toMainstemabovetheIYentna(RM29.5).........................103.1.1.2AbovetheDeshkaRiver(RM41.1)toIParksHighwayBridge(RM83.9).••••.•••••133.1.2MiddleReach(ParksHighwayBridge,RM83.9toDevilCanyon,RM150.0)•••••••••••••••••••..•••13I3.1.2.1ParksHighwayBridge(RM83.9)toTalkeetnaFishwheelCamp(RM103.0)•.••••13I3.1.2.2TalkeetnaFishwheelCamp(RM103.0),CurryFishwheelCamp(RM120.7),AboveIGoldCreek(RM136.8),andDevilCao"--(RM150.0).••'•..•••••••••...••••••.16C~\3.1.2.3CurryFishwheelCamp(RM120.7),atIGoldCreekBridge(RM136.6)(siteofoldUSGSrecorder),AboveGoldCreek(RM136.8)•••••••••••••••••.••••••16I3.1.2.4TalkeetnaFishwheelCamp(RM103.0),CurryFishwheelCamp(RM120.7)?IBelowGoldCreek(RM135.8),andAboveGoldCreek(RM136.8)•••.•••••••••••••••203.1.2.5LRX9(RM103.2),LRX29(RM126.1),ILRX57(RM142.3)••. •••••••••. ••••••••.•203.1.2.5.1Surfacewater temperatureatILRX9(RM103.2),LRX29(RM126.1),andLRX57~(RM142.3)••••••.••••••.•.••203.1.2.5.2IntragravelwatertemperaturesIatLRX9(RM103.2),LRX29(RM126.1),andLRX5724I(RM142.3)•.••........•.•...3.1.2.5.3IntragravelandsurfacewatertemperatureatLRX9(RMI103.2),LRX29(RM126.1),andLRX57(RM142.3)•••••.•24Ciii"-£/II
..._--------------------(RM141.0)....•••..•.....••....•...•.....•....•.3.2.3SideChannel21-Sites1and23.3.5SideSlough11(RM135.7)••.•••••••••••••••••...3.2SideChannelHabitats...••..•....•••.........•........•28282828243632323636414141414548454545Pagec&,V(5Y~iv3.1.2.5.5IntragravelversussurfacewatertemperatureatLRX29(RM126.1)•••••••.••••.•••••3.1.2.5.4IntragravelversussurfacewatertemperatureatLRX9(RM103.2)••••••••••••••••••3.1.2.6LRX9(RM103.2)andTalkeetnaFishwheelCamp(RM103.0)••••••••••••••••••••••••l~QJcJ3.1.2.5.6Intragravelversussurfacewater temperatureatLRX57(RM142.3)••••••••••••••••••3.1.3UpperReach(DevilCanyon,RM150.0toabovetheOshetnaRiver,RM235.7)••••••••••••••3.1.4SusitnaRiver(ParksHighwayBridge,RM89.3toabovetheOshetnaRiver,RM235.7)••••••••••••••3.3.1.2UpperSideSlough8A(RM126.6)••••••••3.3.1.3LowerSideSlough8A(RM125.6)versusUpperSideSlough8A(RM126.6)••••••~.3.3.2SideSlough9(RM128.6)••••••••••••••••••••••••3.3.3SideSlough9IncubationSite-(RM128.3)••••••••3.3.4UplandSlough10-NortheastandNorthwestChannels(RM134.0)••.••••••••••.•••••••••••••••3.2.1SideChannel10(RM133.9)•••••••••••••••••••.••3.2.2UpperSideChannel11-Sites1and2(RM136.3).......•........•......................3.3SideandUplandSloughHabitats••••••••••••.•••••••••••3.3.1SideSlough8A(RM125.6)••••••••.••••••••••••••3.3.1.1LowerSideSlough8A-Sites2and3(RM125.6).••..•••••.••.•.•..•.•..•••••ItIIIIIIIf2:IIIIIIIFI
(~c~l*;)\c)3.3.6UplandSlough19(RM140.0)•.••••••••.••••••••••3.3.7SideSlough21(RM141.8)•••••.•••••••••••••••••3.3.7.1LowerSideSlough21(RM141.8)•••••••.3.3.7.2UpperSideSlough21(RM142.0)•••••.••3.3.7.3LowerSideSlough21(RM141.8)versusUpperSideSlough21(RM142.0)••••••••••••.•..••••••..•••.•3.4Tributary·Habitats.3.4.1TributariesBelowTalkeetna•••••••••••••••••..•.3.4.1.1YentnaRiver(RM28.0,TRM4.0).••••..•3.4.2TributariesBetweenTalkeetnaandDevilCanyon..3.4.2.1TalkeetnaRiver(RM97.2,TRM1.5)•...•3.4.2.2ChulitnaRiver(RM98.6,TRM0.6,2.4,4.4).3.4.2.3FourthofJulyCreek(RM131.1,TRM0.0)•••.•••••••••...•••••••..•••e••3.4.2.4GoldCreek(RM136.7,TRM0.2).•••••••.3.4.2.5IndianRiver(RM138.6,TRM1.0)••.•..•3.4.2.6PortageCreek(RM148.8,TRM0.2)•.•.••3.4.2.7ComparisonofGoldCreek,IndianRiverandPortageCreek•••••••.•••...••3.4.3TributariesaboveDevilCanyon•••••••••••••.•.••Page4848484854545454585858586363636363344.3.1TsusenaCreek(RM181.8,TRM0.1)......633.4.3.2DeadmanCreek(RM186.7,TRM0.1)......753.4.3.3WatanaCreek(RM194.1,TRM0.1).......753.4.3.4KosinaCreek(RM206.8,TRM0.1).......753.4.3.5GooseCreek(RM231.1,TRM0.1)........753.4.3.6OshetnaRiver(RM233.4,TRM0.1)......75L,vl6i9
~)\CJPage3.5InterhabitatRelationships••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••753.5.1Mainstemhabitatsversustributaryhabitats•••••753.5.1.1AcomparisonofsurfacewatertemperaturesrecordedintheYentnaRiver~ndintheMainstemSusitnaRiver••.••••••••••..••••••••..•753.5.1.2AcomparisonofsurfacewatertemperaturesrecordedintheChulitnaandTalkeetnaRiverstomainstemSusitnaRiversur-facewatertempertures•••••••••••...•••763.5.1.3AcomparisonofintragravelwatertemperaturesrecordedatFourthofJulyCreekandintheclearwaterplumeofFourofJulyCreektomainstemSusitnaRiverintragraveltempertures••••••••••763.5.1.4AcomparisonofsurfacewatertemperaturesrecordedinGoldCreektomainstemSusitnaRiversurfacewatertemperatures•••••••••••••793.5.1.5AcomparisonofIndianRiversurfacewatertemperaturestosurfacewatertemperaturesre-cordedinthemainstemSusitnaR;ver..~..............•.............•..793.5.1.6AcomparisonofPortageCreeksurfacewatertemperaturestosurfacewatertemperaturesre-cordedinthemainstemSusi~naRiver•..•..••.•.••.••.•.•••••...••••..•833.5.1.7MainstemSusitnaRiverandTributariesaboveDevilCanyon••••••••••.833.5.2MainstemSusitnaRiverandSideChannels••••••••••833.5.2.1SideChannel10(RM134.0)andMainstemSusitnaRiveraboveGoldCreek(RM136.8)••••••••..••••••••.833.5.2.2UpperSideChannel11(RM136.3)andMainstemSusitnaRiverAboveGoldCreek(RM136.8).........................86rItl-IIrIII~)IIrIIrIrI"i')vi(l-e:b9)cc/
57(RM142.3)............................86(RM126.1)...............................89Page(Q:~~3.5.2.3SideChannel21(RM141.0)andMainstemSusitnaRiveratLRX4.1.1LowerReach(Estuary,RM0.0-ParksHighwayBridge,RM~3.g)••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~.1023.5.3.2UpperSideSlough8A(RM126.6)andMainstemSusitnaRiveratLRX29(RM126.1)893.5.3MainstemSusitnaRiverandSloughs................893.5.3.1LowerSideSlough8A(RM125.6)andMainstemSusitnaRiveratLRX293.5.3.3Slough9(RM128.6)andMainstemSusitnaRiveratLRX29(RM126.1).......893.5.3.4Slough11(RM135.7)andMainstemSusitnaRiveratLRX29(RM126.1).......933.5.3.5Slough19(RM140.0)andMainstemSusitnaRiveratLRX57(RM142.3).......933.5.3.6SideSlough21(RM141.8)andMainstemSusitnaRiveratLRX57(RM142.3).......933.5.4SusitnaRiverSideChannelsandSloughs...........983.5.4.1UpperSideChannel11(RM136.3)andSlough11(RM135.7).....................983.5.4.2SideChannel21(RM141.0),LowerSlough21(RM141.8),andUpperSlough21(RM142.0).....................98.DISCUSSION..•••••..•••••..••.•••.•.•••••••.•..••••.••.....•..•1024.1MainstemHabitats•••••,••••••••.••••.•••.••••..••..••.•••'.1021054.4TributaryHabitats•••••••••.•••.••••....••••••..•..••••••/vii~~4.1.2MiddleReach(ParksHighwayBridge,RM83.9-DevilCanyon,RM250.0)••••••••••••.•.••••••.••••.1024.1.3UpperReach(DevilCanyon,RM150.0-AbovetheOshetnaRiver(RM234.9,235.7).•.•.••••1034.2SideChannelandSideSloughHabitats....................1044.3UplandSloughHabitats•.••••.••.••••.••••...••••••..••••.1054.0(-'(~.-)~jc
Ie5.0II6.0t7.08.0I9.0rIII~IIIIIIIfIGLOSSARY..•l%a-Ic..)..................................... . . . . ..107CONTRIBUTORS.................................................110ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................111LITERATURECITED.............................................112APPENDIX••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••...•••.3-A-l91~~v;;;c.~~-0-"
f~~.,~~~~~:s~~~::.:t~··..";REPORTNO.3I......<.•-~,.~-AQUATICHABITA.TANDINSTREAMFLOWr-·j,-,.IHVESTlGATIONSUtAy-oCTOBER1983);......'"..::...~~jIt:,11....L-S-\-~5);;-4•~_.":"-~..WaterQualityInvestigations~~iJ.;:;·..:--.;.~--:.-.M"~i-'-'.~.'l'i,.'~.',',ChaptercI. .y.-~-';".".;~~-t.1~~.~-1·"-.....\~~)"I'~..I·~.,'1I"·",-.I1-···1-(~.:;I'.~...~~.~I§?f~~•.;~;b':'~fiii!f21:l.'...•......d.AflAJJbe#/'133ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES
(-~~~-~-~-'ABSTRACTIt~aterlJualit}'Investiaations1984ReportNo.3,Chapter4by:GeneSandoneandTimQuaneAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503~'),\.~(~eJtt)c<::~/C=dcBaselinewaterqualitydatahave-beencollected.",ithintheSusitnaRiverbasinsince1981inconjunctionwiththebaselinefisheriesstudiesbeingconductedbytheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroelectricAquaticStudiesFeasibilityTeam.Theprimaryobjectiveofthedatacollectionprogramhasbeentocollectbaselinewaterqualitydata(dissolvedoxygen,pH,conductivity,temperature,andturbidity)withinthehabitatsselectedforfisherystudiesthatarepresentintheSusitnaRiverbasinandtodeterminetheinfluencesofmainstemdischargeconditionsonthewaterqualitycharacteristicsofthesehabitats.Althoughtheseinvestigationshavebeenconductedthroughoutthislargeglacially-fedriversystem,efforthasbeenconcentratedinthereachofriverextendingfromTalkeetna(RM97)toDevilCanyon(RM150)asimpactsfromtheconstructionandoperationoftheproposedhydroelectricdevelopmentareexpectedtobegreatestinthisriverreach.The1983investigations(sunmarizedinthisreport),concentratedonmainstem,sidechannel,sidesloughandtributaryhabitats.Waterqualitymeasurementsofdissolvedoxygen,pH,conductivityandturbiditywereobtainedinthemainstemSusitnaRiverandtheTalkeetnaandChulitnariverstwiceamonthonaninstantaneousbasisexceptfortheTalkeetnafishwheelandGoldCreekcampstations,whichweremonitoreddaily.TurbiditymeasurementswereobtainedfromseveralsidechannelandsidesloughsintheTalkeetnatoDevilCanyonreachtwiceamonth.-ResultsoftheseinvestigationsindicatethatwaterqualityinthemainstemSusitnaRiverisrelativelysimilaramongsamplinglocationsbutthatspecificwaterqualityvariablesatsamplingstationschangeinrelationtomainstemdischarge.Increasedlevelsofturbidityinthemainstemwerefoundtocorrelatetomainstemdischarge,butareassumedtoresultfromsuspendedsedimentcontributedbytheSusitnaandMaclarenglaciers.Turbiditylevelsremainlowwhenglacialmeltceases.Turbiditylevelsinsidechannelsandsidesloughswerefoundtobeindependentofmainstemdischargepriortobreachingoftheheadsbythemainstem,howeversubsequenttobreachingthosesiteswerefoundtoresembletheturbidityofthemainstemwiththecontrollingfactorbeingtherelativeflowcontributionofthemainstemtothatofthesitei
cC)(-""-/flow.TributarywaterqualitywasfoundtobeindependentofmainstemSusitnaRiverdischargeandwasdetenninedtoinfluence.tovaryingdegreesthewaterqualityconditionsofthemainstemdependingontherelativesizeofthetributary.InfonnationfromthesestudieswillbeusedbyotherprojectbiologistsandengineerstoevaluatetheimpactofhydroelectricdevelopmentontheSusitnaRiver.~)-\c\c~~t\)ii(.E./IIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIJ
-ABSTRACT•••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••TABLEOFCONTENTS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5.0GLOSSARY•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4.0DISCUSSION•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••vC~/viiviiiPage11111233333378881819242829304-A-l~¥1V,,--~d-\&Jiii9.0APPENDICES•.•••..•••....••.•.•.•..•.•...•......••.••.•.•.2.3AnalyticalApproach••....••.....•...•............••.2.2FieldDataCollection.2.1.1MainstemHabitats••••..••••.•••.•••••••.•••••2.1.2SideChannelandSideandUplandSlough,Habitats.2.1.3TributaryHabitats.•••••••..••..•.•.••••.••.•2.1SiteSelection.LISTOFTABLES•••••••••••.•••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••.••••.3.1MainstemHabitats.3.2SideChannelsandSideandUplandSloughHabitats.3.3TributaryHabitats.1.1Introduction..1.2Objectives..LISTOFFIGURES•••••••••••••••••.•••••..••••.•.••••...•.•.•.•.1.2.1MainstemHabitats•...••••..••••••••••••••••••1.2.2SideChannelandUplandandSideSloughHabitats•••••••••••••••••••~••.•••••••1.2.3TributaryHabitats•••~•.••.•••..•••.••.••.•••6.0CONTRIBUTORS.•.•.••••..••••.•••••••~•.•..••••.·.•.....••..7.0AC-KNOWLEDGEMENTS••••••••.••••••••'•••••••••••...••••••••••3.0RESULTS·.2..0METHODS.8.0LITERATURECITED•.•••..•••.••.•.••••••......•.••••••..••.1.0INTRODUCTION..LISTOFApPENDIXTABLES•••••••••••••.•••••••.•••••••••••••••••TABLEOFCONTENTS
1IJ~Q~Jf·",","~"'~~f.l'.•.~...,;.-::";::,;,"i~-.'.'""-~'.-;~~_:-~-•~i""~"'..:~~~.~-~~~..",...:·~··:~o'~'".{~~F··•...·;.,",....;""~..''"::....,_:.-'.::.,'~.--.'".?•··tj:,_~-~...;;~[:;~;~••":j.~:~.:".$~~'·.•~:::;n,•-:X;lt.;j."~;,:.:;.:;.'~"_.,~~~""'"..-":'~..4-~:l.-.'2s+e::s------------.•---..•-:,•..~\t•-_.~---:.:..L\~J)REPORTNO.3AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1983)chapter5:-EuJachcmSpawningHabitatinthe.Lower~River/tP1Jj)oe-.#/Q3LjALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESe.G~{~~"";.;;......~~=::~....""..~._-....--.#.~:.'~~":'...'.~:::~'7:..,~_·.I~;-
cec..1.\0-'EULACHONSPAWNING(~.HABITATINmELOwERSUSITNARIVER.\-.:198~ReportNo~3,Chapte~5By:DouglasVincent-langandIsaacQueralAlaskaDeoar'tmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503ABSTRACTEulachon[Thaleichthyspacificus(Richardson)]areananadromousmemberofthesmeitfamily.Studiestodetermi"~naturallyoccurringhydraulicandtemperaturerelationshipstoeulachonimmigrationandspawningwereinitiatedbytheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame(AOF&G)in1982andcontinuedinto1983.ThesesurveysindicatedthateulachonareprobablythemostabundantspeciesoffishintheSusitnaRiver.Basedon1982.and1983catchdata,eulachonbeingtheirupstreamspawningmigrationduringearlytomid-May.TwodistinctspawningrunsofeulachonentertheSusitnaRiverwithnoapparentdefinitecorrelationwitheithermainstemdischargeortemperature.SpawningwasfoundtooccuroverabroadrangeofhydraulicandsubstrateconditionsalongthemarginsofmainstemhabitatsfromthemouthoftheSusitnaRiver(RM0)upstreamtoRM50.3.Basedonarepresentativenumberofspawningsitesselectedforfurtherevaluation,itappearsthatsimilarphysicalhabitatconditionwill.bepresentunderbothdecreasedandincreasedmainstemdischargeconditions.~~)j_/cc:.-i
-Irr~·,-IIIIIIIt=)IIIIIIIfI~!).\e-TABLEOFCONTENTSPageABSTRACT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . •••. . ••. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ••. . •iTABLEOFCONTENTS••••.••••.••••.••••••••••••.••.•••••.••••.•••e.*.;iLISTOF FIGURES...•••...••.••••.....•...•........••.......•'.. . . . •iiiLISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES...••..~.................................vLISTOFTABLES...................................................vi;;1.0INTRODUCTION................................................5-12.0METHODS.....................................................5-33.0RESULTS.•.••...•..•••......•..••...•••••..•.••••.•......•••.5-74.0DISCUSSION..................................................5-265.0CONTRIBUTORS5-306.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS5-317.0LITERATURECITED............................................5-328.0APPENDIXA..................................................5-33~~:); ;
..f'l,·."••£s~~"~.~~:A.~.-.~~.'IIPADbC:IFj136ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATLCSTUDIESREPORTSERIES,Chapter8:AnEmuationofPassageConditionsforAduJtSalmoninSloughsandSiCteChannelsoftheMiddleSusitnaRiverREPORTNO.3AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1983).Atj-~u~t':R·"E.;·-···IW...~·~:;::;.-~.:~:~-~.-,:f~....~4-.-'1':;~;;"'"'.'.'C~._:'!"-::->',t.'''''..'t.-.,_.~'~w;§,I~I:1·,;1·:1·..........'.';......._-.~~...:.....,..,.-.,.L-:.:'..;Btt-·,····,:·..··f~'-'-'-·-·"~"::l:eI"'"'"'-';.~'-:--'..:.~.-I.c··.".-'..:;.~~:=;;_.".Ii,~i;..·..·- >1~~..'-1.~.~'':''''-';<''..".".~--....-...."Of--\.".~\'.Ii',;,
('(\-----';---;;'cl*~\-f)ANEVALUATIONOFPASSAGECONDITIONSFORADULTSALMONINSLOUGHSANDSIDECHANN8~SOFTHEMIDDLESUSITNARIVER1984Report,Chapter6By:JosephS.SautnerandLeonardJ.ViningAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503andLarryA.RundquistWoodward-ClydeConsultantsABSTRACTAninterimevaluationofpassageconditionsforadultPacificsalmonintoandwithintwelvesloughandsidechannelsitesinthemiddlereachoftheSusitnaRiverispresentedtodeterminetheeffectsofmainstemdischargeonpassageconditionsjntothesehabitattypes.Thesehabi-tatswereselectedforevaluationastheyareaffectedbymainstemSusitnaRiverdischarges.AfinalevaluationwillbecompletedinFY8S.Thesitesaccountforthemajorityofchum,sockeyeandpinksalmonwhichspawninsloughsandsidechannelsinthisreach.Theevaluationofsalmonpassageconditionsateachsiteincludedtheeffectsofmainstembreachingdischargeandbackwaterstaging,andsloughflews(localflows)derivedfromlocalwatersources(e.g.,upwelling,tribu-taries,precipitation).Timinganddistributionpatternsofsalmonwerealsoevaluatedastheyrelatetopassageconditionsandflowpatternsin·theSusltnaRiversystem.(q{4)c.£./;
c*'?-\\)IlIIIIIIIr._.'-~~~IIIIIIIFITABLEOFCONTENTSAB"STRAC-T•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••TABLEOFCONTENTS..•••.••••••••.••••••••••••••..•••••.••••a.a••••••••LISTOFFIGURES...•...••.•..••..••.•......••.•••....•...•••...•....LISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES....•••....•...••........•......•..........LISTOFTABLES•.....•..•....•••........••...e·••••••••••••••••••••••1.0INTRODU'CTION.•••••.••.•••.••••••.•••.••••.•.••••.•••••••••••..1.1Background.1.2Objective.2.0METHODS.-.....•............................•.............•.....2.1SiteSelection•...•.......•........•.....................2.2TimingandDistributionofSalmon.2.2.,1MainstemSites0••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.2SloughandSideChannelSites.•........•..........2.3PassageofSalmon..•.........................•..•.....•..2.3.1FieldMethods............•...........•............2.3.1.1ThalwegSurveys.2.3.1.2CrossSectionalProfiles....•.............2.3.1.3StageandFlowMeasurements.2.3.2AnalyticalMethods.2.3.2.1DefinitionsofFishPassageCriteria.2.3.2.2IdentificationofPassageReaches.2.3.2.3EvaluationofPassageReaches.2.3.2.3.1Breaching.2.3.2.3.2Backwater.2.3.2.3.3LocalFlow••••.••...•...........lD~~iiiPageiiii/viviiixiii6-16-16-56-66-66-66-66-76-76-86-86-86-106-106-106-166-176-176-176-21c..~/
5.0SUMMARYANDCONCLUSIONS..•.......................•............6-594.3PassageConditionsatStudySites6-474.1AssumptionsandLimitationsofAnalyses•••.••...•........6-454.1.1PassageCriteriaAssumptionsandLimitations6-454.1.2AnalyticalAssumptionsandLimitations.•..........6-463.2.1BreachingandBackwaterDischarges.•.•.•••.••......6-386-476-476-486-486-496-506-506-516-526-536-536-536-546-546-596-386-456-476-606-276-27~~'J-\\JPageofSa1man•......••••.........•...ivComparisonofResults6-55510ughSo;tes,.:SideChannelSites.4.3.1.1WhiskersCreekSlough....•...•............4.3.1.2SloughBA.4.3.1'/.3Slough9.4.3.1.4Slough9A.4.3.1.5Slough11.4.3.1.6Slough20.4.3.1.7Slough21.4.3.1.8Slough22.4.3.2.1Mainstem2SideChannel.4.3.2.2SideChannel10.•............•............4.3.2.3UpperSideChannel11....•...•............4.3.2.4SideChannel21..............•............LocalFlow.Summary••.•.•.••••.•.••..•..•....••..•...•..•••..•.•.....Conclusions.PreviousStudies:PassageofSalmon...•..............••.•..........,.:.5.2.1TimingandDistributionofSalmon6-605.2.2PassageofSalmon.................•...............6-60Timing.5.1.1MainstemInfluence............•...........•.......6-595.1.2LocalFlowInfluence......................•.......6-594.3.14.3.23.1.1MainstemSites6-273.1.2SloughandSideChannelSites..•••....••••........6-27TimingandDistribution3.2.2DISCUSSION.•.....•.•.••..••.....••••••.•...•.•••••.•.••.......5.25.14.43.13.24.23.0RESULTS4.0~~eJ)(;)(_....c
~~~---------_._--l*~\~)Page6.aGLOSSARY••••••••••••.•.•••••.•..••••••••••.•••••••••••••.••.•.6-627.0CONTRIBUTORS.••. . ..•. . . . •. • •. •. •. . •••. •. •. •• •. . . . •. . . . . . . . . ...6-668.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS6-689.0LITERATURECITED6-6910.0APPENDICES6-71AppendixA.SiteDescriptions.•..•..••..•..•.....•.....•.....6-A-1AppendixB.SupplementtoMethodsofLocalFlowAnalysis.....6-B-1AppendixC.TimingPlots......••.........•.•.•.••............6-C-1AppendixD.SalmonSpawningDistributionMaps..•.............6-D-1AppendixE.ThalwegProfilesofSloughiandSideChannels....6-E-1ec;c/'v
/'t:..-.S{£.S-----_•..--.-.-._----.._---,";.:~:21?~AMDo~1F;q3"~!.ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAME-SUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESChapte,.7:Ancv.juationofChumand-SockeyeSalmonSpawningHabitatinSloughsandSideChaftneJ8ofthe,-MiddleSuattnaRiverREPORTNO~3AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREA.MFLOWINVESTIGATIONS(iliAV-OCTOBER1983)~~~.'t(..~11--E'rt..~~--A,-1_~,:'~XI11'.,
c~L~~\~ANEVALUATIONOFCHUMANDSOCKEYESALMONSpAWNINGHABItAt-INSLOUGHSANDSIDEcHANNELSOFTHEMIDDLESUS!iNARIVER1984ReportNo.3,ChapterTBy:c)ABSTRACTDougVincent-Lang,AndrewHoffmann,AllenE.Bingham,andChristopherEstesof.AlaskaDepartmentFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503AndDianeHilliard,ClevelandStewart,andE.WoodyTriheyofE.WoodyTriheyandAssociatesAndSteveCrumleyofWoodwardClydeConsultants(~~~e.G/'LThreesloughs(BA,9,and21)andfoursidechannels(10,Lower11,Upper11,and21)inthemiddlereachoftheSusitna-RiverwereevaluatedusinganInstreamFlowIncrementalMethodology(IFIM)physicalhabitatsimulation(PHABSIM)modellingapproachtoevaluatetheeffectsthatsiteflowandmainstemdischargehaveonchumandsockeyesalmonspawninghabitatusability.Basedinavailablefielddata,spawninghabitatconditionsonthesesloughsandsidechannelsarethoughttorepresenttherangeofspawninghabitatconditionsthatare presentinthesloughsandsidechannelsofthemiddleSusitnaRiverwhichcurrentlysupportamajorityofchumandsockeyesalmonspawninginthesehabitattypes.i.~
Tenhydraulicsimulationmodelswerecalibratedtosimulatedepthsandvelocitiesassociatedwitharangeofsite-specificflowsatthesesevenmodellingstudysites.Comparisonsbetweencorrespondingsetsofsimulatedandmeasureddepthsandvelocitiesindicate.thatthecalibratedmodelsprovidereliableestimatesofdepthsandvelocitieswithintheirrecommendedcalibrationranges.Habitatsuitabilitycriteriaforchurnandsockeyesalmonspawningforthehabitatvariablesofdepth,velocity,substrate,andupwellingweredevelopedforinputintoahabitatsimulationmodel.Thesuitabilitycriteriadevelopedforchumsalmonspawningwerebasedonananalysisofutilizationdataasmodifiedusing·limitedpreferencedata,literatureinformation,andtheopinionofprojectbiologistsfamiliarwithmiddleSusitnaRiverchurnsalmonstocks.Thespawningsuitabilitycriteriaconstructedforsockeyesalmonweredevelopedusingthesameanalyticalapproachusedinthechurnsalmonanalysiswiththeexceptionthatnoanalysisofpreferencecouldbemade.ILLt:a:l=rtII:iiI:[lit[1-I~if·:··.·.-..-. I~!.:&~~i[~s-te:s-/i1!l*'J\<)J;;('3~~Usingahabitatsimulationmodel(HABTAT),theoutputofhydraulicsimulationmodelsandthespawninghabitatsuitabilitycriteriawerelinkedtoprojectusableareaofchumandsockeyesalmonspawninghabitat(WUA)asafunctionofflowforeachofthesevenmodelledstudysites.UsingtheserelationshipsandrelationshipsbetweensiteflowsandmainstemdischargepresentedinChapter1ofthisreport,therelationshipsbetweenchumandsockeyesalmonspawninghabitatasafunctionofmainstemdischargefortheperiodofcontrolledsiteflowswerealsodeterminedforeachmodelledstudysite.Theseprojectionsofchumand·sockeyespawningWUAmadeatstudysitesindicatethatspawninghabitatusabilityinsloughsandsidechannelsexhibitscertainspecies-specificandsite-specifictrends•Generally,projectionsofWUAatstudysitespeakintherangemainstemdischargesfrom20,000to35,000cfs,withthecontrollingfactorappearingtobetheovertoppingofthesitebymainstemdischargeandthesubsequentcontrolofthesiteflowbymainstemdischarge.Assumingthatthemodelledsloughsandsidechannelsarerepresentativeofothernon-modelledsloughsandsidechannelsinthemiddlereachwhichcurrentlysupportspawning,thetheoreticalmaximumWUAforsloughandsidechannelhabitatsinthemiddleriverreachwouldoccurslightlyafterthemainstemdischargeovertopsandcontrolsthehydraulicsatamaximumnumberof--thesehabitats.BasedonareviewoftimeseriesplotsofWUAovertimeof.eachstudysite,however,flowsatstudysiteswhichcurrentlysupportchurnandsockeyespawningareonlyinfrequentlycontrolledbymainstemdischarge.Forthisreason,theWUAatstudysitesremainsrelativelylowandstableduringtheperiodofpeakspawningactivity(AugustthroughSeptember),exceptduringfloodevents..Thereappearstobeageneralpositiv-ecorrelat;-onbetweenprojectedWUAandhabitatuseatstudysites.LC"·('
iii1.0GENERALINFORMATION••••....•••••..••....•.....••.....•.....7-1-11.1BackgroundandObjectives•...•.•...•.••.........•...•.7-1-11.2StudyAppr~ach••••••••~••• • •• •• • •• •••• •••••••••••• ••••7-1-31.3PreviousStudies7-1-42.0STUDYSITESELECTION......••.•••..••......••........•......7-2-1~2.1StudySiteSelectionConcepts.•.•.........•..........•7-2-12.2StudySiteSelection•........•••......•..•..........•.7-2-12.2.1SloughStudySites.••..••........•..........•.•7-2-12.2.2SideChannelStudySites•..........•....•.....•7-2-62.3Study,SiteDescriptions.••....••......................7-2-7_3.0HYDRAULICSIMULATIONMODELS...•..•.....•...•.............•.7-3-13.1Introductiort7-3-13.2Methods...............................................7-3-13.2.1AnalyticalApproach•...••...........•...•....•.7-3-13.2.2GeneralTechniquesforDataCollection...•.....7-3-33.2.3GeneralTechniquesforCalibration.••....•.....7-3-53.2.4GeneralTechniquesforVerification....•....••.7-3-63.3Results7-3-93.3.1Slough8A7-3-93.3.1.1SiteDescription......................7-3-93.3.1.2DataCollected.•..•.•...•••....•......7-3-93.3.1.3Calibration•..•••....••....•..•....•••7-3-133.3.1.4Verification..••..•.••.•.•.•.••.....••7-3-133.3.1.5Application..•••.•.•.•...•.......•..•.7-3-18cc/xvixxixviiiiviiPage7-F-1xviii(#~\5)LISTOFPLATES.•.•.•.••...•••.•........•........................LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES.FOREWARD••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.LISTOFFIGURES••••.•••.••.•••.•••.••.••••..•••••••.•••...••.••.LISTOFTABLES••.•.••.•......•..•....•.••.......•.•......•.••...ABSTRACT.•.•...•.••.•••••........••••......••......•...••...•..•TABLEOFCONTENTS•••.••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••••••..•.•••LIST·OFAPPENDIXFIGURES•••••.•.••~••..••.•••..••••.•...•..••...TABLEOFCONTENTSPREFACE•••••••••••••••••••••~~~~..................-.)I-e]]]]]]]c····,··.··-7~.j]1]]1]]c-J1
(~..c~~),\j)TABLEOFCONTENTSS:::::i:~~~~......L?.~.}J.............7-~~~O3.3.2.1SiteDescription••••••••••.•••••••.•..7-3-203.3.2.2DataCollected•••••••..••••••••..•••••7-3-203.3.2.3Calibration•••.••••.••.••••••••.•.•..•7-3-213.3.2.4Verification••••••••.••..•••••.•.•••••7-3-263.3.2.5Application•.•..••••.••.•••••••••.•••.7-3-303.3.3Slough217-3-303.3.3.1SiteDescription•••..•••••••••••••.•••7-3-303.3.3.2DataCollected.•••••••••.•••••••••.•••7-3-323.3.3.3Calibration••••••...•••..••.•••.•••.••·7-3-323.3.3.4Verification•••••••.•••.••••••.•.•••.•7-3-373.3.3.5Application••.••••••.•••.•••••••.•.•••7-3-373.3.4SideChannel10••.••••.••••••••••••••••••••...•7-3-403.3.4.1SiteDescription••...••••.••..••.••...7-3-403.3.4.2DataCollected••••.••..•••••••..•••..•7-3-403.3.4.3Calibration•••.......••••••.••..••....7-3-423.3.4.4Verification7-3-423.3.4.5Application••••••.•.•.•..••..•..•....•7-3-473.3.5LowerSideChannel11•..•••.•.•.••..•••.•••...•7-3-473.3.5.1SiteDescription•...•.•••;•.•...•.•..•7-3-473.3.5.2DataCollected••••..•••..••....••...•.7-3-473.3.5.3Calibration...••.•...••.••••....•....•7-3-493.3.5.4Verification•••••...••••..•.....•••...7-3-513.3.5.5Application•.•••••..•••..•••....•.•..•7-3-513.3.6UpperSideChannel·11•.•••••••.....•.••...•••..7-3-553.3.6.1SiteDescription••.•.•••.•••••....•.••7-3-553.3.6.2DataCollected•.••..•••.•••..••••.•...7-3-553.3.6.3Calibration.••••.•..•.•.•••••.•••..••.7-3-573.3.6.4Verification7-3-573.3.6.5Application•.•••••.••••..•••.•••.••...7-3-623.3.7SideChannel217-3-623.3.7.1SiteDescription..••••..•..•.•...•.•.•7-3-623.3.7.2DataCollected•••...•••••.•.••••••..•.7-3-623.3.7.3Calibration•..••••••••.••••••.••....••7-3-643.3.7.4Verification7-3-673.3.7.5Application7-3-733.4Discussion-7-3-734.0FISHHABITATCRITERIAANALySIS.............................7-4-14.1Introduction.............•............................7-4-14.2Methods~·7-4-14.2.1SiteSelection7-4-14.2.2FieldDataCollection•.••..•••••••.•••.••...••.7-4-24.2.3AnalyticalApproach•.••••••..••.••••..•.•..•••.7-4-44.3Results7-4-144.3.1ChumSalmon7-4-144.3.1.1DepthSpawningSuitablilityCriteria7-4-164.3.1.2VelocitySpawningSuitabilityCriteria7-4-214.3.1.3SubstrateSpawningSuitability~.Criteria7-4-28~~~cGivIlLllII(I([(If[rrrr
4.3.1.4UpwellingSpawningSuitablilityCriteria.('TABLEOFCONTENTS(continued)lbei:Dl*?-\~Page7-4-32i:;\:~4.3.1.5CombinedSubstrate/UpwellingSpawningSuitabliltyCriteria•.•.•••.••...•••••7-4-324.3.1.6StatisticalIndependenceofHabitatVariablesEvaluated••.•••..••....•..•.7-4-324.3.2SockeyeSalmon7-4-324.3.2.1DepthSpawningSuitabilityCriteria7-4-324.3.2.2VelocitySpawningSuitabilityCriteria7-4-374.3.2.3SubstrateSpawningSuitabilityCriteria••••.••..••••••.••..••.•...~...7-4-444.2.3.4UpwellingSpawningSuitabilityCriteria7-4-484.2.3.5CombinedSubstrate/UpwellingSpawningSuitabilityCriteria....•...7-4-504.2.3.6StatisticalIndependenceofHabitat...VariablesEvaluated••••••...•.••••.•..7-4-504.4Discussion7-4-504.4.1AssumptionsandLimitationsoftheDataBase~..7-4-504.4.2SuitabilityCriteria•...•.•••••••..•..•........7-4-554.4.2.1ChumSalmon7-4-554.4.2.2SockeyeSalmon.•••••..•.•.............7-4-564.4.3RecommendedApplicationsandLimitationsoftheSuitabilityCriteria.•. ••...•. . . . . . . . . •••..7-4-565.0SPAWNINGHABITATPROJECTIONS...............................7-5-15.1Introduction7-5-15.2Methods7-5-15.2.1AnalyticalApproachandMethodology...•.•.......7-5-15.2.2ModelValidation.........•.•..•.........••.....7-5-45.3Results7-5-75.3.1WeightedUsableAreaProjections...•...........7-5-75.3.1.1ChumSalmon...••............~7-5-75.3.1.2SockeyeSalmon..•..••.•..•............7-5-145.3.2ModelValidation•.••••..•...••..•.•••.....•....7-5-265.4Discussion7-5-455.4.1AssumptionsusedintheApplicationoftheHabitatSimulationModels••••...i•••••••••••7-5-455.4.2WeightedUsableAreaProjections...••..........7-5-475.4.3RecommendedApplicationsandLimitationsoftheData7-5-486.07.0tr8.0~'9.0lISUMMARY••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•••.•••7-6-1GLOSSARy7-7-1CONTRIBUTORS7-8-1ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.•• • ••• •••••••••••. ••••• •• •• •• ••••• •••••••• 7-9-1Q.e~v
10.0LITERATURECITED•••••••••••..••••••••••..••••.•.•.•...•••..7-10-111.0APPENDICES7-11-1TABLEOFCONTENTS(continued)rI[[[lI(r(((([(IIIIcc/7-C-17-0-17-E-17-A-17-B-1(~<iJ3jvill-1fCalibrationDataandScatterPlotsforHydraulicSimulationModels••.•..••....••••.SalmonSpawningUtilizationData•...•••••..•.SummaryofStatisticsandTestsforVarious•.GroupingsofChu~ndSockeyeSalmon•....•••.UtilizationHist.rams•.••....•......•.•.•..WeightedUsableA aProjectionData•.•..•...FlowChartandOutineofSalmonHabitat•....Analysis•••.•••••.•\•••••••...••••........•..Appendix7-A:Appendix7-B:Appendix7-C:Appendix7-0:Appendixt-E:e(jc-'
~.•"'?;~.~./If/ItJlt?C#-/131-ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDRO-AQUATICSTUDIESREPORT-SERIES.._.-----._----._-Es+~S21h.REPORT.NO.•3AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1983)Chapter8:EvaiuationsofChumsalmonSpawningHatlitatinSetectedTributaryMouthHabitatsoftheMiddleSusitnaRiver~-..-.---.-\2~3)!.-f-~~.::_.~-:':'-.~'.C..'c..-...co•.··...~~!~'..:::.';.12~l~~-oIi~-J_~~~~i:P:~:-J;~:.."!-':'?-:r'-J.].~--~.'~.--..::.'11-(1.--'.~,..i~11)')I1-'1--
cC~~3)~dlh)(jl~EVALUATIONSOFCHUMSALMON-SPAWNINGHABITATINSELECTEDTRIBUTARY-MOUTHHABITATSOFTHEMIDDLESUSITNARIVER1984ReportNo.3,Chapter8By:GeneSandone,DougVincent-Lang,andAndrewHoffmannAlaskaDepartmentofFish&GameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503IABSTRACTTwotributarymouths(LaneCreekandFourthofJulyCreek)locatedinthemiddlereachoftheSusitnaRiverwereevaluatedtodeterminetheinfluencethatmainstemdischargehasonthequantityandqualityofchumsalmonspawninghabitat.Duringthe1983fieldseason,chumsalmonwereobservedspawningintheclearwaterplumeofFourthofJulyCreek,butnotwithinthelaneCreekmoutharea.Ateachstudysite,thelocationandsurfaceareaofavailableandusablechumsalmonspawninghabitatwasdetermined.Availablehabitatsurfaceareawaspositivelycorrelatedtochangesinmainstemdischargeatbothtributarymouthstudysites,whereasusablechumsalmonspawninghabitatincreasedwithincreasingmainstemdischargeonlyattheFourthofJulyCreekmoutharea.ThesurfaceareaofusablechumsalmonspawninghabitatwithinthelaneCreekmouthdecreasedasmainstemdischargeincreased.Thisdifferenceinusablesurfacearearesponsesislikelyrelatedtothedifferenttypeofconfluenceareaofeachsite.laneCreekflowsdirectlyintothemainstemwhileFourthofJulyCreekemptiesintoasidechannel.SpawningactivitycouldnotbeobservedbeyondtheclearwaterplumeattheFourthofJulymouthareaduetohighmainstemturbidities.Becauseofthis,theimportanceof·theclearwaterplumeindeterminingtheareaofusablechumsalmonspawninghabitatattributarymouthhabitatscouldnotbeascertained.Ifitissubsequentlyaeterminedthatchumsalmonspawningdoestakeplaceintheclearwaterplumeareaoftributarymouths,thefrequencydistributionofspawningdepthsandvelocitiesreportedhereinislikelybiasedtowardsshallowerandslowerwaters.'".cc~i
i i1.0INTRODUCTION.....•...........•..........-..8-14.0DISCUSSION:8-564.1TributaryMouthChumSalmonSpawningHabitat...•.......8-564.2LimitationsoftheData......•.............•...........8-59Ct/ii iviiiiiPAGEl-*?\h)LISTOFTABLES...•....••.••.•..••.•..•.....•.....................ABSTRACT••••••••••••••••••~'3e\?a)......................................3.0RESULTS...•.........•..•........•••.......•...•.............8-153.1AvailableHabitat.....•••.........•....................8-153.2UsableHabitat8-313.3UtilizedHabitat8-482.0METHODS.....................................................8-32.1SiteSelection.........................................8-32.2AvailableHabitat......................................8--92.3UsableHabitat8-112.4UtilizedHabitat8-14LISTOFFIGURES••••••••...••••.•.••.•••..•.•.•..•..•.............TABLEOFCONTENTS••••••••••••••••••••.••.••••••••••••!'•••••••••••TABLEOFCONTENTS5.0GLOSSARY.•. . . . . . . •. . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-636.aCONTRIBUTORS................................................8-657.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........•....•.•.........................8-668.0LITERATURECITED............................................8-67
J~1cr~'~~1.£st~5-----(-~?~~~)REPORTNO.3AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1983)Chapter9:HabitatSuitabilityCriteriaforChinook.Coho.andPinkSalmonSpawningInTrlbutarle.oftileMiddleSu.ttnaRiverl_*21i.API!Doc..-#/CJ3~ALASKA DEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSlTNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES
cCo~C-itd-IIHABITATSUITAIHLmCRITERIAFOR~,CHINOOK,COHO,ANOPINKSALMONSPAWNING(~e10~INTRIBUTARIESOFTHEMIDDLE"SUSITNARIVER~.1984ReportNo.3,Chapter9ByDougVincent-Lang,AndrewHoffmann,AllenBingham,andChristopherEstesAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503ABSTRACT("-.jUtilizationdataforthehabitatvariablesofdepth,velocity,andsubstratecompositionwerecollectedatchinooksalmonspawningsitesinselectedtributariesofthemiddlereachoftheSusitnaRiver.ThesedataweremodifiedusingstatisticalmethodsandtheprofessionaljudgmentsofprojectbiologistsfamiliarwithSusitnaRiverchinooksalmonstockstodevelopsuitabilitycriteriaforchinooksalmonspawningintributariesofthemiddleSusitnaRiver.Thesecriteriashowthatdepthsrangingfrom0.5to4.0ft;meanwatercolumnvelocitiesrangingfrom0.3to4.5ftlsec;and,substratesrangingfromsma1]gravelstocobblesaresuitable.forchinooksalmonspawninginthesehabitats.SuitabilitycriteriawerealsodevelopedforcohoandpinksalmonspawningintributariesofthemiddleSusitnaRiverbasedonliteratureinformationasmodifiedusingtheprofessionaljudgmentsofprojectbiologistsfamiliarwithSusitnaRivercohoandpinksalmonstocks.Thesecriteriashowthatdepthsrangingfrom0.3to4.0ft;meanwatercolumnvelocities·rangingfrom0.1to5.0ft/sec;and,substratesrangingfromsandintermixedwithsmallgravelstolargerubblesaresuitableforpinksalmonspawninginthesehabitats.Thecriteriadevelopedforcohosalmonspawninginthesehabitatsshowtherangeofdepthsfrom0.3to4.0ft;meanwatercolumnvelocitiesfrom0.1to4.0ft/sec;and,substratesfromsandintermixedwithsmallgraveltolarge·rubblesaresuitableforspawningintributariesofthemiddleSusitnaRiver.Suggestedapplicationsandlimitationsofthesesuitabilitycriteriaarediscussed.iccV
3.0RESULTS......•.·.....•......•.........•...-..................9-159.0APPENDICES.................................................9-522.0METHODS....................................................9-24.0DISCUSSION.................................................9-409~A-19-B-1~/i iAppendix9-A:ChinookSalmonSpawningHabitatUtilizationData.Appendix9-B:ChinookSalmonUtilizationStatistics.3.1ChinookSalmon........................................9-153.1.1DepthSpawningSuitabilityCriteria............9-153.1.2VelocitySpawningSuitabilityCriteria.........9-21.3.1.3SubstrateSpawningSuitabilityCriteria..'......9-213.1.4IndependenceofHabitatVariablesEvaluated....9-273.2PinkSalmon................9-273.3CohoSalmon...........................................9-365.0GLOSSARY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-444.1AssumptionandLimitationsoftheDataBase............9-404.2SuitabilityCriteria..................................9-414.2.1ChinookSalmon.................................9-414.2.2PinkandCohoSalmon...........................9-424.3RecommendedApplicationsandLimitationsoftheSuitabilityCriteria.. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ..9-421.0INTRODUCTION...............................................9-12.1SiteSelection........................................9-22.2FieldDataCollection.................................9-22.3AnalyticApproach~....................9-2LISTOFFIGURES...............iiiLISTOFTABLES..................................................;vTABLEOFCONTENTS.......•....•........•..;;TABLEOFCONTENTS(-*?-\'\)ABSTRACT.......~')......t,..t~........,~• • • • • • • • • • •"J........... . . .. . . . .. . .Page....;LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES.........................................v6.0CONTRIBUTORS-.....................................9-487.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................9-498.0LITERATURECITED...........................................9-50-IIeIIIIIII~~\IIIIIIICII
•~~S~;;'::fj'-~'.:.6..~~•:=;,;:=.~;.,.-;-,,"~;;~:~;r-r;:..~-),.....1-.-,!.-il.-,-~~~j~,Es+'CS~~~~;/::-..:..~~...-¥..,~.....;-;'.....L!~-..-;..-..._~_.__.--------.:-.REPORTNO.3AQUATICHABITATANDINSTREAMFLOWINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1983).chapter10:EYaILetions-oftheEffectivenessofApplyingInfraredThermalImageryT~toDetectUpwelingGroundwater·>;1..•df'1Il/pc#-/Q31ALASKAOEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATTCSTUDIESREPORTSERIES
c-l*d-\~)EVALUATIONSOFTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFAPPLYINGINFRAREDTHE~ALIMAGERYTECHNIQUESTODETECTUPWELLINGGROUNDWATER1984ReportNo.3,Chapter10c:L;~)ABSTRACTBy:GeneSandoneandChristopherEstesAlaskaDepartmentofFtshandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudiesAnchorage,Alaska99503lStudiesbytheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroelectricAquaticStudiesTeamsuggestthatupwellinggroundwaterisoneoftheprincipalvariablesinfluencingthesuitabilityofhabitatforchumsalmonspawninginthemiddlereachoftheSusitnaRiver(AOF&G1983).Threeinfraredheatsensingdevices(HughesProbeye,XedarPyroscan,andAGAThermovision)weretestedtoevaluatethefeasibilityofusinginfraredthermalimageryasaremotesensingtechniquefordetectingandquantifyingtheamountofupwellinggroundwaterinsloughhabitatsoftheSusitnaRiver.Resultsoftheseinvestigationsindicatethattheapplicationofinfraredheatsensingdevicesforlocatingupwellingiscontingentonahostofenvironmentalconditionsandthelevelofdetaildesired.Areasofupwellinggroundwaterandtheirrelativemagnitudewereidentifiedusingthesetechniques;however,someareasknowntohaveupwellingbasedongroundtruthingsurveyswerenotdetected.Thisinconsistencyisduetothewidevarietyofenvironmenta1conditionsthatoccurwithin theSusitnaRivercombinedwiththephysicallimitationsofthetechnology.Forthesereasons,itisdoubtfulwhetherthistechniquecanbeappliedonalargescaleforthedetectionandquantificationofupwellingareas."'"",\'i
i i5.0GLOSSARy........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......10-22Pagec~'J-<)3.0RESULTS10-12LISTOFTABLES....•........•.........•.•••.......•.•....~'.. ;vl?~?LISTOFPLATES...................................................vLISTOFFIGURES....................iii2.0METHODS".....................................................10-62.1SiteSelection.........................................10-62.2AnalyticalApproachandFieldDataCollection...•......10-6ABSTRACT.. . . . . . . . . ••. . . . . . . . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . ;1.0INTRODUCTION................................................10-1TABLEOFCONTENTS......................i;4.0DISCUSSION..•..............~.......•.........•.•.•..........10-20TABLEOFCONTENTS6.0CONTRIBUTORS10-237.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS10-248.0LITERATURECITED10-25I(t "ItIIIII~'IIIIIIIIeI
c-(§;(~i~:;Rep6~+y~paczts--...,~~~i\REPORTNO.4I[ACCESSANDTRANSMISSIONCORRIDORIAQUATICINVESTIGATIONS(JULY~.OCTOBER1983)IlALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESG-~22.API!PbG:#;(D'ICf;j;<-"7_
c--CONTENTSOFREPORTNO.4INTRODUCTIONPart1.AccessandTransmi55ionCarridarStudies.l*),~PartZ.PapulationDynamicsofArcticGraylingintheUJ1perSusitnaBasin.C.'~\2~~(",--.c-c/
C'ACCESSANDTRANSMISSIONCORRIDORSiUDIES1984ReportNo.4,Part1\'*~~)(jbyJaaS.SautnarandMikaE.StTar..an(~tr\0...)AlaskaDepartmentofFisttandGallESusitnaHydraAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503ABSTRACTConstructionoftheproposedaccessandtransmissioncorridors(ATC)associatedwiththedevelopmentoftheSusitnaHydroelectricProjectmayaffecttheaquatichabitatandfishresourcesalongtheseroutes.StudieswereconductedbyTheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameduringaportionofthe1983openwaterfieldseasontoprovideinformationontheaquatichabitatandfishresourceswithintheproposedcorridorstoenableprojectparticipantstoassesspotentialimpactsontheseresourcesfromconstructionactivities.Forty-twoproposedstreamcrossingsitesandtenlakehabitatsweresampledwithintheATCstudyarea.ThreestudyreachesofDeadmanCreek,whichcloselyparallelstheATC,werealsosampled.Atotalof13fishspecieswerefoundtoinhabitthestreamsandlakeswithintheATCstudyarea.Arcticgray-ling,DollyVardenandlaketroutwerethemajorsportfishspeciesidentifiedwithinthesehabitats.Generalwaterquality(dissolvedoxygen,pH,conductivityandwatertemperature),discharge,andsub-stratedatawerecollectedatstreamcrossingstudysites.SelectedphysicalandchemicaldatawerecollectedinDeadmanLake.PopulationestimatesweregeneratedforArcticgraylingwithinthethreestudyreachesofDeadmanCreek.AmongtheimpactswhichcouldresultfromdevelopmentoftheATC,theincreaseinsportfishingpressure,duetotheincreasedaccesstothearea,mayhavethegreatesteffectonvarioussportfishspecieswithinthestudyarea.TheincreaseinsportfishingpressuremayresultinreducednumbersandsizesoffishspeciessuchasArcticgrayling,DollyVardenandlaketrout.Otherimpactswhichmayoccuratproposed,streamcrossingsitesincludealterationsofstreamhydraulics,deteriorationofwaterquality,andremovalorshiftingofsubstrates.fl_-iC£-/
_,'.0.2.1SelectionandDescriptionofStudyLocations.2.1.1Streams••.•2.1.2Lakes•••.•lq~C\)i i2.2FieldDataCollectionvix113777131313131415151517181824242426262626viiiPage....c-c./e •e.• e • • • • •. .. . ... . .. .Stream3(SeattleCreek)Stream4 • • • .Stream5....•.••.3.1.1LilyCreekdrainage•.Stream1••••••.Stream2(LilyCreek)..3.1.2SeattleCreekdrainage2.2.2HabitatdataStreams• . . •Lakes. • . • •2.2.1Biologicaldata.•3.1AccessCorridorStreamCrossingStudiesStreams. . • • • .Lakes. . • . •2.3DataRecordingandAnalysis1.1Objectives.1.2BackgroundABSTRACT• • • •LISTOFFIGURESLISTOFTABLESLISTOFPLATES•••.1.0INTRODUCTION2.0METHODS.•••.3.0RESULTS..iC
~~)J-)l~~qjII~~PageIII3.1.3BrushkanaCreekdrainage• • • • • • • •28IIStream6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Stream7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28IIStream8(BrushkanaCreek)• • • • • • •30Stream9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Stream10· . . . . . . . ... . . . .32IIStream11· ... . . . . . ... . . .323.1.4DeadmanCreekdrainage• • • • • • • • .32Stream12(DeadmanCreek). . . . . . .34•Streams13and14· . . . . . . . ...34Stream15· . . . ....... . ...36•Stream16·.. . . . . . .. .....36Stream17· ... .. . . ..... ..36Stream18· .... . . . . .. . . . .36•Stream19· . .. .. . . . . .. ...38Streams20,21and22. . .. .. . . .383.1.5TsusenaCreekdrainage••••••.••40•Stream23(TsusenaCreek)40.. . . . ..93.1.6SwimmingBearCreekdrainage••••••40•Stream24· .. . . .. . . .. . .. .41•Stream25· . .. . . . ... . .. . .41Streams26and27·.. . . .. .. ..41Streams28and29·. .. .. . . . . .41Stream30·.... . . .. . .. . ..44•Stream31·. . ... .. . ..... .443.1.7DevilCreekdrainage•••••••.••44•Stream3244· . ... . . . . .. . .. .Stream33· .. . . . . .. ......46•Stream34(DevilCreek). .. ... ..46Streams35and36·... .. . . . . .463.1.8JackLongCreekdrainage..••..••49•Stream3749·. .. .. . . . . .... .Stream38· . ... . .. ... . . . .49•Stream39· . . . . . . .. . ... . .503.1.9Additionalstreams•••••.•....50Stream40· .... . ...... . . .50•LStream41(WaterfallCreek). . . ...50Stream42(GoldCreek)..••.•..•51•iiic~/•
-4.2TransmissionCorridorStreamCrossingStudies• • • .743.2TransmissionCorridorStreamCrossingStudies• . • •513.3DeadmanCreekReachStudies• • . • • . • • • • • • .51Distributionandrelativeabundance• • • • .67Age-lengthcomposition.• . • • • • • . . . •67Populationestimates• • • • • • • • . . . • •693.3.2Laketrout•.•.53535360606060606262626767676969696969697071717273.74ec-IivDistributionandrelativeabundanceAge-lengthcomposition••Populationestimates•••.•••••DistributionandrelativeabundanceAge-lengthcomposition•PopulationestimatesRadiotelemetry3.5.3Roundwhitefish3.5.1Laketrout••3.5.2Humpbackwhitefish••3.3.1ArcticgraylingDistributionandrelativeabundanceAge-lengthcomposition••••.•.3.5.5OtherspeciesDistributionandrelativeabundanceAge-lengthcomposition.3.5.4Arcticgrayling4.1.1Arcticgrayling••.••4.1.2DollyVarden.••.••4.3DeadmanCreekStudies.3.3.3Otherspecies3.4SelectedLakeStudies.3.5DeadmanLakeStudies4.1AccessCorridorStreamCrossingStudies.4.0DISCUSSION
l1~qj(1t~~••(Page,•4.3.1Arcticgraylingpopulationestimates••••.744.3.2Arcticgraylingage-lengthcomposition•••.754.3.3Arcticgraylingradiotelemetry••••••••78•4.4SelectedLakeStudies••••••••••••••••794.5DeadmanLakeStudies. . . . . . . . . . . . ....81•4.5.1Laketrout. . . . . • . . • . . . • . . . . .814.5.2Humpbackwhitefish•••••••••••••.81•4.5.3Roundwhitefish. . . . . ... . . .. ...824.5.4Arcticgrayling. . . . .... . . .. . . .824.5.5Otherspecies.. . ... . . ... .. . . .83•5.0CONTRIBUTORS• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •846.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS• • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • . • •85•7.0LITERATURECITED• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •86•C~)•-.;,...,~•••••••e•/vC~•
II~*-illPCPULATIONDYNAl4ICSOFARCTICGRAYLINGINTHEUPPERSUSITNABASIN1984ReportNo.4,Part2byDanaC.Schmidtandr·likeE.AlaskaDepartmentaTFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoadAnchorage,Alaska99503ABSTRACTTheeffectsofananticipatedsportfisheryforArcticgraylingonthetributarystreamsof.theupperSusitnabasinareexaminedbymodellingthe~ffectsofhypotheticalharvest.Theincreasedlevelsofmortalitycreatedbyasportfisherycausearapidshiftintheagestructureandconsequentlythesizeofthefishcaught.·Tomaintaina"trophi'fisheryonasustainedyieldbasis,acatchandreleasefisheryappearstobewarranted.Undertheassumptionsof.themodel,thetotalnumberofallfishcaughtisnotsubstantiallyreducedwithcomparativelyhighlevelsoffishing.PossibleexplanationsofthedifferencesinpopulationstructuresoftheDeadmanCreekdrainageandtheimpoundmenttributariesarediscussed.iC(v
ABSTRACT••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•.••••••LISTOFFIGURES.•••••••••••.•••.••••••••••••••••.••••...••••.•••.\\\J,~)PageiiiiTABLEOFCONTENTSi iC2:/1.0I~JTRODUCTION............................................•••.12.0~1ETHODS.•••••••• •••• ••• •••• • •• •• •• ••• ••••••••••• • •••• • •• •• • • 22.1StudyLocations........................................22.2FishDataCollection...................................22~3DataAnalysis..........................................23.0RESUL-TS.••. ••. • ••••••. • ••• •. •• •••. ••. ••• •• •. •. •• •. . . . • •• • ••• 5\3.1PopulationDynamicsofArcticGrayling.................53.2SportFishingHarvestModel............................104.0DISCUSSION..................................................165.0CONTRIBUTORS................................................196.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................207.0LITERATURECITED............................................218.0APPENDICESAppendixA.EquationsUsedtoModelPopulationChanges.....23IIeIIIIIII~]IIIIIIIfI
~.')'_.----------__-_._.,Q_.,..-~-~.......d--"-_....._---~---".-------.-~_.----~_._----_.--_...._----,---------'.-_..-.__...------'---,...--'._--'-"'._-~.~----."..._---..---....••:--_....._~-..------"'--"--.AJ:;E+c-..)11~
StudiesProceduresManual(June1984-June1985).Draft.Susitnac23AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame(ADF&G).{-:tlV1985.AdultAnadromous~..'~~-j("::""----./HydroAquaticStudiesProgram.AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,Anchorage,Alaska(Unpublishedreport).APADocument#27J.fB.TechnicalproceduresanddataproceduresusedbyAdultAnadromousStudiespersonnelduringtheperiodJune1984-June1985oftheSusitnaHydroAquaticStudiesProgramaredetailed.AnAdultAnadromousStudiesproceduresmanualwasnotactuallyproduced.InsteadobjectivesandproceduresfortheperiodJune1984-June1985wereextractedfromBarrett,eta1,1985,ADF&GSusitnaHydroAquaticStudiesReportNo.6;APADocument#2748,RTS#29.~~Jj
c--(JPROCEDURESMANUAL/PAb~~IO/2.0/84lJ1l/Ol/84lJ11/2.6/84PMO1/Crawforct.Decser1984AlaskaPowerAuthoritySusitnaHydroelectricProject~6\5)ResidentandJuvenileAnadromousStudiesProceduresManualDraft(May1984-April1985)~2lh(--'=/--Preparedby-AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies2207SpenardRoad-For-Al~skaPowerAuthority334West5thAvenueAnchorage,AK99501v--API!Jhc.11=3DI'I
2.2.1.1ResidentFishStudies2.1.3WinterStudiesofResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFishPaae-\*?-L-\(d-e1S)2.1.2.1.1Sub-Objectives2.1.2.1.2Rationale2.1.2.1.3FieldStudyDesign2.1.2.2JuvenileOutmrigrationStudiesoftheLowerSusitnaRiver2.1.2.2.1Sub-Objectives2.1.2.2.2Rationale2.1.2.2.3FieldStudyDesignPROCEDURESMANUAL/PAGE210/20/84,11/01/84,11/26/84.Pft101/CrawfordTABLEOFCONTENTS2.1.1.1Sub-Objectives201.1.2Rationale2.1.1.3FieldStudyDesign2.1.2.JuvenileOutmtgratianStudies2.1.2.1JuvenileOu1J.IrigrationStudiesoftheMiddleSusitnaRiver-20Z.1ResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFishStudiesZ.1.1ResidentandJuvenileAnadromcusFishStudies2.1StudyDescMptionandRatiana'l~2.1.3.1Sub-Objectives2.103.2Rationale2.1.3.3FieldStudyDesign202FieldDataCollectionWorkPlan1.0INTRODUCTION2.0TECHNICALPROCEDURES~.:~.,.~.'i·~:C2.2.1.1.1MethodsHabitatandRelativeAbundanceRadioTelemetry2.2.1.1.2StudyLocations2.2.1.1.3ScheduleofActivitiesandFrequencyofSampling2.2.1.2JuvenileAnadromousFishStudies~l!C2.2.1.2.1MethodsResidentJuvenileHabitat(RJHAB)ModelSites~.G-
•'''............un...~,"v",nuru../rl\Ut.oJ10/20/84,11/01/84,11/26/84PMOl/Crawford2.2.2.2.1Methods2.2.2.1.3ScheduleofActivitiesandFrequencyofSampling2.2.1.2.3ScheduleofActivitiesandFrequencyofSamplingCodedWireTaggingTalkeetnaStationaryOutmigrantTrapsColdBrandingJ~,...:~:.~1L3e1"cJ)Methodology(IFIM)SitesCwa-L\)InstreamFlowIncrementalOpportunisticSites2.2.1.2.2StudyLocations.2.2.2.1.2StudyLocationsFlathornStationaryOutmigrantTrapFlathornMobileOutmigrantTrapDeshkaRiverFykeNetWeir/MinnowTrappingTalkeetnaRiverBeachSeiningCodedWireTaggingTalkeetnaStationaryOutmigrantTrapsColdBranding2.2.2.2JuvenileOutnrigrationStudiesoftheLowerRiver2.2.2JuvenileOutmigrationStudies2.2.2.1JuvenileOutmigrationStudiesoftheMiddleRiver2.2.2.1.1MethodsCodedWireTaggingTalkeetnaStationaryOutmigrantTrapsColdBranding(~-c-2.2.2.2.2StudyLocationsFlathornStationaryOutmigrantTrapsFlathornMobileOutmigranttrapDeshkaRiverFykeNetWeir/MinnowTrappingia1keetnaRiverBeachSeining2.2.2.2..3ScheduleofActivitiesandFrequencyofSamplingcFlathornStationaryOutmigrant1'rapsFlathornMobileOutmigranttrapDeshkaRiverFykeNetWeir/MinnowTrappingTalkeetnaRiverBeachSeining2.2.3WinterStudiesofResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFish
c~2...2.._3_.1ResidentFishStudies2.2.3.1.1Methods2.2.3.1.2StudyLocationst"KU\...WU~c.~i'\l"\I1UI'\'-Ir...,...~..,..10/20/84,11/01/84,11/26/84PMOI/Crawford(*),~2.2.3.1.3ScheduleofActivitiesandFrequencyofSampling2.2.3.2JuvenileAnadromousFishStudies2.2.3.2.1Methods2.2.3.2.2StudyLocati-on~2.2-3.2.3ScheduleofActivitiesandFrequencyofSamplingC)3.0DATAPROCEDURES3.1ResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFishStudies3.1.1ResidentFishStudies3.1.1.1FieldDataHabitatandRelativeAbundanceRadioTelemetry3.1.1.2DataTransfer3.1.1.3DataAnalysis3.L2Juveni1eAnadromousFishStudies3.1.2.1FieldDataCodedWireTagging·TalkeetnaStationaryOutmigrantTrapsColdBranding3.1.2.2DataTransfer(qi6JL,TalkeetnaStationaryOutmigrantTrapsColdBranding3.1.2.3DataAnalysisCodedWireTaggingTalkeetnaStationaryOutmigrantTrapsColdBranding3.2JuvenileOutmigrationStudies3.2.1JuvenileOutmigrationStudiesoftheMiddleRivercE:/
,--''"',3.2.1.1PROCEDURESMANUAL/PAGE510/20/84,11/01/84,11/26/84PMOI/CrawfordFieldDatatt)CodedWireTagging~TalkeetnaStationaryOutmigrantTraps~~.ColdBrandingf~6Jc)('---"-3.2.1.2DataTransferTalkeetnaOutmigrantTrapColdBranding3.2.1.3DataAnalysisCodedWireTaggingTalkeetnaStationaryOutmigrantTrapsColdBranding3.2.2JuvenileOutmigrationStudiesoftheLowerRiver3.2.2.1FieldDataFlathornStationaryOutmigrantTrapFlathornMobileOutmigrantTrapDeshkaRiverFykeNetWeir/MinnowTrappingTalkeetnaRiverBeachSeining3.2.2.2DataTransfer.FlathornOutmigrantTrapsDeshkaRiverFykeNetWeir/MinnowTrapping3.2.2.3DataAnalysisFlathornOutmrtgrantTrapsDeshkaRiverFykeNetWeir/MinnowTrappingTa1keetnaRiverBeachSeining3.3WinterStudieSofResidentandJuvenileAnadromousFish3.3.1ResidentFishStudies3.3.2JuvenileAnadromousFishStudies3.3.2.1FieldData3.3.2..2DataTransfer3.3.2.3DataAnalysis4.0QUALITYCONTROL5.0UTERATURECITEDce/~-
.•j.-----~-_.------_____~~o/.~~~.----/~~~-.--tl1-._..-_.---..._....._-_........_-..____.•._.._._._..__.-__-__._.._-__..#2?I5!()-./S~~~..~.~).J.-----..-.-.--.-.--.-..------_..-----.---..---....--..--.-------..--.--.--.-
TASK32SUPPORTTECHNICALREPORTby:The,...KekJakandTimothyQuane2..·r...r....u~.;7:'E:~Te5ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESCONTINUOUSWATERTEMPERATUREINVESTIGAnONS~1J).~.~f
~,c_TABLEOFCONTENTS"l*~e;)Paae--TABLEOFCONTENTS-.-e----••-0.-••••••••••0"-.;LISTOFTABLES••.••.•~••- ' - -••__••_'...iiic;LISTOFFIGURES•••••-o••-._01.aINTRODUCTION-0-0-e"00••••Q.01.1Bac-kground••-.'•._~__~.-.-.--->-.e--.-...-••'-.1.2.Objectives•••••••••'.e'•••--'.2.0METHODS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.1SiteSelection••-••--••••••.•.••~.2.2FieldDataCollection••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.2.1PeabodyRyanTemperatureRecorder••••••••••••••••2.2.2OmnidataTemperatureRecorder(Datapods)•••••••••2.3DataAnalysis••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.3.1PeabodyRyanTemperatureRecorder(Thermographs).2.3.2OmnidataTemperatureRecorder(Datapods)•••••••••3.0RESULTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••xir6t?J)111222256677173c_-3.1Table2 -SusitnaRiverindexoftemperaturesrecordedinmainstemandtributaryhabitatsduringthe1984openwaterseason...............................................83.2Tables3to22-Dailyandmonthlyminimum,meanandmaximumtemperaturesrecordedatmainstemSusitnaRiversitesduringthe1984openwaterseason•••••".........133.3Tables23to36-Dailyandmonthlyminimum,meanandmaximumtemperaturesrecordedattributarysitesduringthe1984openwaterseason•••••••••••••••••••••••~...1053.4Tables37to56-Wateryearweeeklyminimum,mean,andmaximumtemperaturesrecordedatmainstemSusitnaRiversitesduringthe1984openwaterseason•••••••••••••••ic-~V'
season...............................................213LITERATURECITED..........................................2653.5Tables57to70-Wateryearweeeklyminimum,mean,andmaximumtemperaturesrecordedattributarysitesduringthe1984openwaterseason...........................1943.6Table71-WatertemperatureprofilesofcontinuoustemperaturemonitoringsiteslocatedintheSusitnaRiverBasinduringthe1984openwaterseason..............2093.7Figures2to16-MeandailytemperaturesrecordedatMainstemSusitnaRiversitesduringthe1984openwatercc/C*~6)(3~~;;TABLEOFCONTENTS(cont.)3.8Figures17to28-Meandailytemperaturesrecordedattributarysitessuringthe1984openwaterseason....2293.9Figures29to45-Sitemapsdepictinglocationsofstudyareasinmainstemandtributaryhabitatsduringthe1984openwaterseason...............................242lc'c
co:C)£~~5c/-"'-\~(;)'..REPORTNO.5WINTERAQUATICINVESTIGATIONS(SEPTEMBER1883-MAY18a.UVolume1:AnEvaluationo.theIncubationLlfe-Pha.eofChumSalmonIntheMiddleSu.ltnaRlver.Ala.ta2··········,·······,···:..'·~,···..,:i'-''''''''''"-:,:::,-;?''..;......,/.AflJ])bC.:#;ttS-gALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES
cI-lINTERAOUATICINVESTIGATIONS:SEPT84BER,1983-MAY,1984REPORTNUMBER5VOLUME1~!J-0~ANEVALUATIONOFTHEINCUBATIONLIFE-PHASEOFCHUMS-ALMONINTHEMIDDLESUSITNARIVER,ALASKAc'By:LeonardJ.Vinino,JefferyS.Blakely,andGlennM.Freeman1985(]ot'JABSTRACTAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies620E.10thAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501i(~..Anevaluationofthepatternofsurvivalanddevelopmentofchumsalmonembryosincubatedinartificialreddsinslough,sidechannel,tributary,andmainstemhabitatsofthemiddleSusitnaRiverwasconductedinconjunctionwithanassessmentofthecurrentlyavailablechumsalmonincubationhabitatconditionswithinthesehabitattypes.Chumsalmoneggsobtainedfromlocalstockswereartificiallyfertilized,placedwithinmodifiedWhitlock-VibertBoxes(WVBs)andthenimplantedinartificialreddsinthestreambedatselectedstudysites.Ateachofthesesites,apolyvinylchloridestandpipewasalsoinstalledtoobtaininstantaneousintragravelwaterqualitymeasurementsoftemperature,dissolvedoxygen,pH,andconductivitywhichwerelatercorrelatedtothepercentsurvivalofembryos(100%hatched)ateachsite.Tnaddition,representativesubstratesampleswereobtainedatselectedstudysitesusingamodifiedMcNeilsubstratesamplertocharacterizethesubstrateconditionspresentatincubationstudysites.~G~
Thesurvivalratesofembryosinslough,sidechannelan~~uta:0~habitatswere17,9,and11percent,respectively.Survivalofembryosinmainstemhabitatwas19percentbutdidnotreflecttheeffectsofdewateringandfreezingduetoadifferenceinthemethodofsitelocation.Thus,estimatesofpercentsurvivalforthishabitattypeareprobablyhigherthanwouldbeexpectedfornaturalconditions.coLThelargestdemonstratedcauseofembryomortalityatstudysiteswasduetodewateringandsubsequentfreezingofthestreambed.Greaterthan47%ofthetotalnumberofWVBsusedtoestimatesurvivalbecamefrozen.Thiseffectwasgreatestinsidechannelsandleastinsloughs,andwasobservedtobedirectlyrelatedtothepresenceandquantityofupwellingwater.Areasparticularlyvulnerabletotheeffectsofdewateringandfreezingincludelargeportionsofsidechannelhabitatsaswellasthemouthareasofsloughandtributaryhabitatswhichmaylacksourcesofupwellingwater.Aquantitativeanalysisoftheeffectofeachvariableonsurvivalwashamperedbythehighembryomortalityduetodewateringandsubsequentfreezingofsubstrate.Whenfrozenembryoswereremovedfromthesurvivaldatabase,nosignificantcorrelationswereobtainedbetweenmeasuredwaterqualityvariablesandpercentsurvivalofembryos(p<0.05).However,thecorrelationbetweenQissolvedoxygen(mg/l)andpercentsurvivalofembryosdecreasedtozeroatdissolvedoxygenconcentrationsbelow3.0mg/1.Thepercentsurvivalofembryoswasalsocorrelatedtothepercentoffinesubstrateparticles«0.08in.diameter)containedwithinWVBs.Althoughtherewasnosignificantcorrelation,thepercentsurvivalofembryosdecreasedtozerowhenthepercentoffinesexceeded18%.Therateofembryonicdevelopmentatstudysiteswasfoundtobestronglyinf1uencedbythedegreeofupwellingpresent.ChumsalmonembryoswhichwerefertilizedonAugust26,1983,andincubatedinanupwellingareainasidechannel,reachedthe100%hatchinlateDecember,whereasthoseincubatedinanon-upwellingareainthemainstemSusitnaRiverexperienceddelayeddev~lopmentanddidnotreach100%hatchuntilmid-April.Ther~fore,thepresenceofupwellingwaterinmi-dd1eSusitnaRiverhabitatsappearstobeakeycomponentwhichmaintainstheintegrityofchumsalmonincubationhabitatsbyprev~ntingsubstratefromdewateringandfreezingandbymaintainingsuitableincubationtemperatureswhichallowembryostodevelopproperly.Acomparisonoftheratesofinsituembryodevelopmentobservedinthisstudytothoseobservedinthelaboratorystudyof\~angaardandBurger(1983)washamperedbyproblemsencounteredwithtemperaturerecordersinstalle.data:chsite.Incompletetemperaturere.cordswereobtainedatstudysitesusedtocomparethenna1unitrequirementsfordevelopment.However,basedona.quantitativeassessmentofdevelopmentdatacollectedinthesestudysi-tesandapreviousADF&Gstudy(ADF&G1983),itistheopinionoftheauthorsthatthepredictiveequationofWangaardandBurgerareanadequatemodeltouseinpredictingratesofchumsalmondevelopmentofthemiddleSusitnaRiver.(5ct~ii
Variables..............................................102.2.2ChemicalVariables.................................16TABLEOFCONTENTS••.••••••.•••••••...•'........................iii2.0METHODS••_.................................................7~/181821Page($;-(oZt)VOLUME1(lf~)iii2.3.2AnalysisofDevelopmentandSurvivalofEmbryos.2.2.1.1WaterTemperature~.....142.2.1.2SubstrateComposition..........................142.2.1.3WaterDepthandVelocity.......................162.2.1.4Turbidity......................................162.2.1Physica.l.Variables....................142.2•2.1DissolvedOxygen. •••...•..... •..... . .... •.. ... .162.2.2.2pH.............................................182.-2.2.3Conductivity...................................182.3SalmonEmbryoDevelopmentandSurvival....•••....•.....2.3.1Whitlock-VibertIncubationBoxes.•.•••.............1.,1Background.............................................11.2Objectives.............................................52.1SelectionofStudySites...............................72.2ProceduresforEvaluatingPhysicalandChemicalLISTOFFIGURES••....•..•••...••-.. .... . ..•...•.. . . . .••. . . . . . ..vi1.0INTRODUCTION.............................................1LISTOFPLATES:.....xviiiLI5T0F TASLES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv;ABSTRACT.. •. . . . . . . . •••. . . ••. •. •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES.......................................xviiLISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES......................................xiiiTABLEOFCONTENTS
3033333030(*~0~•~III21.''29.-.---2.3.2.1EmbryonicDevelopment...........••.............2.3.2.2EmbryonicSurvival.....•...•....•.•..........•.2.3.2.2.1HandlingMortality.•..........•............2..3.2.2.2Fl.atworms.2.4InterpretationofFigures•.•.......~•••.•••....•...•..•3.1ComparisonofPhysicalandChemicalCharacteristicsofStudySitesandHabitatTypes...••....••....••...•..TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)3.0RESULTS•..•.....•....•.....••.....•.••••.•.............•.(3.1.1PhysicalCharacteristics...........................333.1.1.1WaterTemperature..............................333.1.1.1.1InstantaneousIntragravelWaterTemperatures...............................333.1.1.1.2ComparisonofInstantaneousSurfaceandIntragravelWaterTemperatures.............333.1.1.1.3ContinuousIntragravelWaterTemperatures..41(~~.~3.1.1.2SubstrateComposition...•..••••........•.•...•.3.1.2ChemicalCharacterfstics..•..•••••••.•.••...•......3.1.2.1DissolvedOxygen.3.1.2.2pH.3.1.2.3Conductivity.3.2ComparisonofEmbryoSurvivalandDevelopmentatStudySitesandHabitatTypes...•••.•..•.•..........3.2.1EmbryoSurvival.3.2.1.1AccumulationofFineSubstrateParticles.•.....3.2.1.2SurvivalEstimates.•.....•.•••....•..•.•......•3.2.2EmbryoDevelopment..............•..................3.3EffectsofPhysical,ChemicalandBiologicalHabitatVariablesonEmbryoSurvivalatStudySitesandHabitats......................... . ......... .Vri.b1es••••• •.•.•. •• .•.•.•.1Physic.l'.b1es.••.•.•••••.....•••••••1.)~·~·2Chemic~l~·~~~i.b1es..........(~b3:3:3Bi010g1c,"-.iv4158585870707878788385858995ce:/
---------------v5.0CONTRIBUTORS~.1208.0APPENDICES...............................................1314.0DISCUSSION...............................................96(¥~ba-)Page4.2.1Upwelling........................994.2.2DewateringandFreezing............................1004.2.3Substrate..........................................1014.2.4WaterTemperature..................................1054.2.5DissolvedOxygen...................................1104.2.6pH.................................................1114.2.7Conductivity.......................................1144.2.8Turbidity..........................................1154.2.9Flatworms..........................................1154.3.1Conclus;ons•••••.....••..•....••~_..................1164.'3.2Recommendations....................................118e..f:-I((,~h)AppendixF.WinterTemperatureDataAppendixA.EmbryoDevelopmentandSurvivalData.........A-IAppendixB.StudySiteMaps..............................B-1AppendixC.WaterQualityData...........................C-1AppendixD.SubstrateData...............................0-1AppendixE.AdditionalHabitatData......................E-1VOLUME24.1AssumptionsandLimitations............................964.2Physical,Chemical,andBiologicalHabitatConditionsAssociatedwithChumSalmonDevelopmentandSurvival........................994.3Conclusions/Recommendations............................1167..0LITERATURECITED,...............................122TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)6.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................121IIeIIIIIII~.'-IIIIIIIfI
~s--r~5C=',E)ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESREPORTNO.5WINTERAQUATICINVESTIGATIONS(SEPTEMBER1883-MAY188.UVolume2:AppendixFWinterTemperatureData2.·······,··..}~.::.....;.b·>..,..'.'".;IPI!1JrJc.1f2bs--tlCI~.~IIIIl_(...~....:"
IIeIIIIIIIl~~rIIIc~~~'d!ogAppendixF:WinterTemperatureDataby:TheresaKeklakandTimQuaneAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies620East10thAvenue,ThirdFloorAnchorage,Alaska99501AppendixFispresentedinstandardreportformatincludinganintroductionsection,anobjectivessection,amethodssection,aresultssection,andadiscussionsection.Thisformatwasselectedtoincreasetheusabilityoftheinformationforpurposesotherthanthoserelatedtosalmonincubation.Theappendixislimitedtoasummarizationandreviewofthetemperaturedata.Subsequent·analysesareaddressedinthebodyofthisreportandinotherreports.(?-1s]CE:/
cTABLEOFCONTENTSl*~b)Pace-c,;TABLEOFCONTENTS•._e·-••' "e-a' 'e-_e.......iLISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES-e·_~'•••••_e_._a_a....ivLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES- 'e-e................ix1.0INTRODUCTION- --... .. .. ..F-l1 1Background-.-e'-••.,".......F--l1.2Obje.ctives._._- -'.......................................................F-l2.aMETH:ODS' '_ - -~.. ....F-22.1SiteSelection..............................................F-22.1.1MainstemTemperatureEvaluation.........................F-22.1.2ChumSalmonSpawning/IncubationTemperatureEvaluation..................................F-22.1.3PreliminarjMitigationEvaluation.......................F-22.2FieldDataCollection.......................................F-22.2.1Peabody-RyanTemperatureRecorders(Thermographs).......F-62.2.2OmnidataTemperatureRecorders(Oatapods)...............F-62.3DataAnalysis••-•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••00F-72.3.1Peabody-RyanTemperatureRec9rders(Thermographs).......F-72.3.2OmnidataTemperatureRecorders(Oatapods)...............F-73.0RESULTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••.•••••••••00000000F-93.1MainstemTemperatureEvaluation~............................F-93.1.1LRX9 -Sites1and2(RM103.2)andSite3(RM103.5)..F-93.1.2.LRX29(RM126.1).......................................F-113.1.3LRX57(RM142.3)•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••F-l13.2ChumSalmonSpawning/IncubationTemperatureEvaluation•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••F-14l,3.2.1F-14MainstemHabitats••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~~~~ieEl
C*~~6)CE.V'3.2.2SideChannelHabitats••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~••••F-143.2.2.1SideChannel10(RM134.0)••••••••••••••••••••••••••F-143.2.2.2UpperSideChannel11(RM136.3)••••••••••••••••••:.F-163.2.2.3SideChannel21(RM141.0)••••••••••••••••••••••••••F-203.2.3SloughHabitats•••••••••••~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••~.F-243.2.3.1SloughBA•.........••.......•.•....................•F-243.2.3.1.1LowerSlough8A(RM125.6)••••••••••••••••••••••F-273.2.3.1.2UpperSlough8A(RM126.6)••••••••••••••••••••••F-273.2.3.1.3UpperSlough8AandLowerSlough8A••••••••••••.F-303.2.3.2Slough9(RM128.6}••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••F-303.2.3.3Slough10....••..•••...............•...............0F-303.2.3.3.1Slough10NortheastChannel(RM134.0}•••••.••••F-303.2.3.3.2Slough10NorthwestChannel(RM134.0)••••••••••F-343.2.3.3.3Slough10NortheastandSlough10Northwest•••••F-343.2.3.4Slough11(RM135.7)•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••F-343.2.3.5Slough21.........•...•...............................F-383.2.3.5.1LowerSlough21(RM141.8)••••••••••••••••••••••F-383.2.3.5.2Upper-Slough21(RM142.0)••••••••••••••••••••••F-383.2.3.-5..-3UpperSlough21andLowerSlough21-••••••••-••••F-383.2.4Tributa~Habitats•..•••.••••..•••..................•...F-423.2.4.1FourthofJulyCreek(RM131.1;TRM0.0)••••••••.•••F-423.2.4.2lndianRiver(RM138.6;TRM0.2)••••••••••••••••••••F-423.3.1DeadhorseCreek(RM12Q~9;iR~11.0)•••••~•••••••.••.••.•F-463.4HabitatRelationships.~•••••_.••••••••••••••••••••.••••••....F-46iil~1"J3.3PreliminaryMitigationEvaluation•••••••••••••••••••.•••..••F-46TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)3.2.1.1MainsternSusitnaRiveratRM136.1••••••••••••••••.•F-14.;-.'...."11~~·'::·~F;-~:;'-:-:':"::]=:.:".'.C-~;/c/
3.4.1MainstemHabitatRelationships•••••••••••••..••••••••.••F-46(~"TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)l*~:bJC-/i3.4.1.1SurfaceWaterTemperature~atLRX9(RM103.2,RM103.5),LRX29(m~125.1)andLRX57(RM142.3)•••-•••••e-..................................F-4.63.4.1.2IntragravelWaterTemperaturesatLRX9(103.2RM103.5),LRX29(RM126.1),andLRX57(RM142.3)••••••.•.•••••.•••••••••..•.•••••••.Gl••••••F-493.4.2·SideChannelHabitatRelationships••••••••••••••••••••••F-493.4.2.1SurfaceWater-Tempe.raturesat"StdeChannels10(RM134.0),Upper11(RMU6.3),and21(RM141.0)••F-493.4.2.2IntragravelWaterTemperaturesatSideChannels10(RM134.0),Upper11(RM136.3),and21(RM141.0)•.F-493.4.3SloughHabitatRelationships•••••••••••••~••••••••••.•••F-533.4.3.1SurfaceWaterTemperaturesatSideSloughs8A(RM126.5),9(RM128.6),11(RM135.7),and21(RM142.•0)••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••e._••••••F-533.4.3.2IntragravelWaterTemperaturesatSideSloughs8A(RM126.6),9(RM128.6),11(RM135.7),and'21(RM142.0)••••••••••••.•..••••••.•..••••••.......F-533.4.4InterhabitatRelationships••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••F-563~4.4.1Slough8A(RM125.6,126.6)andSusitnaRiveratLRX29(RM126.1)•••••••••••••••••••••••••••..••.F-563.4.4.2UpperSideChannel11(RM136.3)andSlough11(RM135.7).•••••..•.....•............•..............F-563.4.4.3Slough21(RM141.8,RM142.0),SideChannel21(RM141.0),andSusitnaRiveratLRX57(RM142.3).•••.•••••••••~.•••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.•••F-564.04.14.24.35.0/(6.0"--~DISCUSSION...••..•...•••.•.••.•...•.•••••....•.•••.......••.•.F-64MainstemTemperatureEvaluation•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••F-64ChumSpawning/IncubationTemperatureEvaluation•••••••••••••F-65PreliminaryMitigationEvaluation•••••••••••••••••••••••••••F-67LITERATUREClTED..•....•.....•.•••.....•.•.•...•............•.F-320CONTRIBUTORS.•.•.•••...••........••...••..•..........•........F-321iii(5o:(~
(',c~~b:s+t::Scl\~~.TASK38SUPPORTTECHNICALREPORTHYDROLOGICALINVESTlGAnoNSATSELECTED:LOWERSUSITNARIVERSTUDYSITES:by:TimQuane.PatMorrow.andIsaacQueralAquaticHabitatandInatreamFlowProject*2·'1.APt4PDe11-,;<7bL/ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES
C~TABLEOFCONTENTS(irJ-t)Pace-1.0OBJECTIVES.OF-STUDY•••-__•••__•••' -0.-.-.--.._._e-.........12'00METHODS-e-e-e-0..e22..1SiteSelection-e-G"..............Z2.2FieldDataCollection•••..,..•••••••••••••••.•.••22.2.1Stage.....................................................42.02.2Stre.a.mflow_~•.••_-.-•••_..............................................42...•.2..3Channe-lGeome-trj'~-•••- ".,-."0".-".......52.2.3.1ThalwegProfile....................................52.2.2.2CrossSectionProfile..............................62.3Dat~Analysis~·••••o•••••_.••••_•••••••••••-.62.3.1StageandStreamflow•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••-.62.3.2InitialBreachingandControllingOischa·rges...........82.3.2.1InitialBreachingDischarges.......................82.3.2.2ControllingBreachingDischarge....................82.3.4.1ThalwegProfile....................................102.3.4.2CrossSectionProfile••••••••••••••••••••·••••••••••11c;2.3•3Sackwater•••.•••••••••'••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.3.4ChannelGeometry••••••••••••••••••••••••••••o••••••••e.9103.0RESULTS......................................................123.1IslandSideChannel(RM63.3}..............................123.1.1SiteDescription.......................................123.1.2Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••••••••~.............153.1.3MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges..........203.1.4ChannelGeometry.......................................233.1.4.1ThalwegProf;le••••~...............................233.1.4.2CrossSectionProfile..............................253.1.5Backwater..............................................253.2MainstemWestBankSideChannel(RM74.4}..................273.2.1SiteDescription........................................-273.2.2Stage/DischargeRelationship...........................303.2.3MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges..........333.2.4ChannelGeometry.......................................35ci'c;,1~G~/
3.3CircularSideChannel(RM75.3)............................393.2.5Backwater••••••••••••••••••••••••e._....................363.2.4.1ThalwegProfile....................................353.2.4.2CrossSectionProfile..............................36.48515152575858586060606767696969697272757880Page(tfJ-1)3.3.4.1ThalwegProfile.....................................483.3.4.2CrossSection·Profile..............................483.5.4.1Tha1wegProf;'e..-•.-.-•..,.' _•.•'••-e.•_.·••.••••••••••••••••3.-5.4.2CrossSe.ctionProfile~-••3.4.4.1ThalwegProfile••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.4.4.2CrossSectionProfile••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.3.5Backwater••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.4.5Backwater..-.-•..•'.3.3.1SiteDescription••••••••••••••••••••.••~...............393.3.2Stage/DischargeRelationship...........................413.3.3MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges..........413.3.4ChannelGeometry.......................................483.5.5Backwater•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~••4.3.6.1SiteDescription...••.•.•..•.•••••.•.•••.••.•_•••••....••3.6.2Stage/DischargeRelationship_ _••••••••••3.6.3MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges••••••••••3.6.4Channe1Geometry••••.•••••- -.•'••••.•_••.••.•••.•_••••••••3.4.1SiteDescript;on~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.4.2Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.4.3MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges••••••••••3.4.4ChannelGeometry••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.3.5.1SiteDescription•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.5.2Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••••••••••••••••••••••3...5..._3MainstemControllingandBreachingDischarges••••••••••3.•5.4ChannelGeotnetry•.•- , _•.•••••••••-••-e--.-.-'•..•...••.3.4SaunaSideChannel(RM79.8)••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••3.5SunsetSideChannel(RM86.9)•••••••••••.••~•••.•..•.••..••3.6TrapperCreekSideChannel(RM91.6)•••••••••••••••••••••••TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)(~~c)("'----'{~~t0iice:./
ciABLE-OFCONTENTS(Continued)C*d-~Pace-c'3.6.•4.1ThalwegProfile......••••••••••••••••••••••803.6.4.2CrossSe-ctionProfile.••••••••••••••••••••••801.Ji.•.5Ba.ckwater••--e=*'- -••-.....................814.aSUMMARY".-e-.ee'"845•aGLOSSARY..._-••-e-eo0It0"0 •~....9'16.0CQNTRIBUTORS_•.•.•••••.••••-•••••••••••- '•.•_.........••••967.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................978.0LITERATURECITED.............................................989.0ATTACHMENTS•••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••Lf1~("'-=----iiice./
c~:E:..s+~5(--~.\~~TASK14SUPPORTTECHNICALREPORTHYDROLOGICALINVESTIGATIONSATSELEOTEDLOWER SUSITNARIVERSTUDYSITESby:TlmotbyQuane,PatrickMorrow,andI.aacQueralAquaticHabitatandlnatreamFlowProjectw28./IJlfJlJ/JC:ff;;'::;'3faALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES
cTABLEI1FCONTENTS\!~~).Paae--TABLE.OFCONTE~~TS••••••••••••••-.,..·••0-••iLISTO-FFIGURES"."0 00-viiLISTOFTABLES- -0_0-0........xiiiLISTOFATTACHMENTFIGURES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~....xivLISTOFATTACHMENTTABlES-a-a-- --e0-0.,....xxiti1•.0OBJECTIVESOFSTUDY.--eo.".e-:-_'II0 0._.012.0METHODS,..~' -0-••-.-.""-0"22.1SiteSelection...........................................22.2FieldDataCol1ection•••••••••••••••••••••••o............22.2.1Stage.................................................22.2.2Streamflow...........................................52.2.3ChannelGeometry.....................................5()2.2.3.1ThalwegProfile•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.••2.2.3.2CrossSectionProfile•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.5E2.3DataAnalysis•••••••••••••••.••••••o•••oo••••o~oo.o•••o.o72.3.1StageandStreamflow.................................72.3.2InitialBreachingandControllingDischarges.........82.3.2.1InitialBreachingDischarge......................8 .2.3.?.2ControllingBreachingDischarge..................92.3.3Backwater............................................102.3.4ChannelGeometry.....................................102.3.4.1ThalwegProfile•.•.•.•••••••••.••••••.........•o..112.3.4.2CrossSectionProfile.••••••••..•••••......•.~...:13.0RESULTS••.~.................................................133.1HooliganSideChannel(Rr435.2)..........................13(3.1.1SiteDescription•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••3.1.2Stage/DischargeRelationship••••..••••••......•...•••3.1.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges••.••..•3.1.4ChannelGeometry..••••••••••••••••••..••.•••••••.••••l:6~~i13161624cc/
3.1.5Backwater..:.........................................253.3KrotoSloughHead(RM36.3}..............................293.2.5Backwater............................................293.2Eagle'sNestSideChannel(RM36.2}......................25I~~-36~a..J~"0..J.38383838l~~\~3.3-.4.1ThalwegProfile°•••••••••••••••••03.3.4.2CrossSectionProfile••••.••••••••••••••.•..••...3.2.4.1ThalwegProfile..................................283.2.4.2CrossSectionProfile............................293.1.4.1ThalwegProfile..................................243.1.4.2CrossSectionProfile............................243•3•5Sackwater-.-- '0 0••0 • 0 •co3.2.1SiteDescription.·....................................253.2.2Stage/DischargeRelationship.........................273.2.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges........27302.4ChannelGeometry.....................................28384.1SiteDescription....•.•........••..•.................3.4.2Stage/DischargeRelationship••••••••••••••••••••••.•.3-.4.3Cha.nrte.lGe_oJnetry.·- .3.3.1SiteDescription.....................................293.3.2Stage/DischargeRelationship.........................313.3.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges........333.3.4ChannelGeometry.....................................363.4RollyCreek{RM39.0)•••••••••••••••••••.••••.•••~••.••••TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)f)~>c--:3.4.3.1.ThalwegProfile-•..__ .3A.3.2CrossSectionProfile.-.-••_•••.•••••••.••••••- .39....'-!-L.3.4.4Backwater..123.5BearBaitSideChannel(RM42.9)••••••••••.•••.•••••.•.•.4~3--o.5_lSiteDescriDtion•.....-.•'-._._-_.__-.'.3.5.2Stage/DischargeRelationship••••••••.•..••...•.......3.5-3HainstemBreachingandControl1insDischarges••.•....3._5.4Cha,nnelGeornetry.-..-..._...........•...................A~.,.-4346.19c_3.5.4.1Thal~gProfile.........•..•••..•.•..............3.5.4.2CrossSectionProfile.•••••••.•..•..••••.....•...('614)i;.19Sf'.'--cc/
c--TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)L,*J$)~3-rS.5Backwatero-••-••-a--III."0..........503.6LastChanceSideChannel(RM44.4)••••••_~_•••••_•••••••••503.6.1SiteDesc.ripti"on••.•.•••••-••.•••_••-•••••·•••0••••••_••...-....503.6.2Stage/DischargeRelationship..........................513.6.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges•••••••~543.6.4ChannelGeotnetry__ --.0-0....573•.6.4.1ThalwegProfi-le0-eo••••00..0"..57"J.6.4.2CrossSectionProfiie•••••••-•••_.-_••..--..••••••••583..6•5Backwater.."00 0I»-0 •....•.. .. ........583.7RusticWtldernessSideChannel(RM59.5).................59~.7'"--=-;;3.7.1SiteDescription••••••••••••••••o•••••••••••••o••••••3.7.2Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••••••••••••••••••••3.7.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges••••••..3.7.4ChannelGeometrY•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.7.4.1ThalwegProfile•••••••••••••o.••••c•••••o••••••••o3.7.4.2CrossSectionProfile••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•3.7.5Backwater.•••••••••••••••••••..•••c.o•••••o••••••••••1:0.J_5962656565663.8CaswellCreek(RM63.0)..................................663.8.1SiteDescription.....................................663.8.2Stage/DischargeRelationship.........................693.8.3ChannelGeometry.....................................693.8.3.1ThalwegProfile••••·••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••.693.8.3.2CrossSectionProfile............................703.8.4Backwater............................................703.9IslandSideChannel(R~163.2)............................703.9.1SiteDescription.....................................703.9.2Stage/DischargeRelationship.........................713.9.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges........733.9.4ChannelGeometry••••••••••••••••••c..................803.9.04.1ThalwegProfile..................................803.9~4.2CrossSectionProfile............................80(~-"'-3.9.5Backwater.•••••..•••••••....•••••••••••••.•..•..••..•(Lf~~iii80C~/
3.10.5Backwater••••••••••••••••.••••••••.••.••••••••.•.•••3.10MainstemWestBankSideChannel(RM74.4)•••••••••••••••3.11Goose2SideChannel(RM74.8)•••••••••••••••••••••••••.;tI.~82-8284869090·919194Page~~3.10.4.1ThalwegProfile•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.10.4.2CrossSectionProfile••••••••••••••••••••••••••~3.10.1SiteDescription••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.10.2Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••••••••••••••..•••3.10.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges•••••••3.10.4ChannelGeometry•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~••••TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)c~C)3.11.1SiteDescription••••••••••••~••••••••••••••.••••••••3.11.2Stage/DischargeRelationship•••••••••••••••••..•••••3.11.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges••••••.3.11.4ChannelGeometry•••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••.3.11.4.1ThalwegProfile•••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••.••3.11.4.2CrossSectionProfile•••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.11.5Backwater•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.12CircularSideChannel(RM75.3)•••••••••••••••••••••••••3.12.1SiteDescription••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••3.12.2Stage/DischargeRelationship••••••••••••••••••••••.•3.12.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges.•••••.3.12.4ChannelGeo~try••.••••••••••.••••...••••.•••..••...9497971CG100102102103103105105112'3.12.4.1ThalwegProfile•••••••••••.•••.•••••-..•••.•.....3.12.4.2CrossSectionProfile•••••••••.••••••.••••••••••3•.12.5Backwater.112112,......•..!.L3.13SaunaSideChannel(RM79.8)...~.1153.1"3.1SiteDescription••••••••••.••••••.•••••••••••.....•.3.13.2Stage/DischargeRelationship•.••••...••••••••....•••3_13.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges••...•.3.•1.3.4ChannelGeometry.,..po_l~117121,,,.._:..:13.13.4.1ThalweaProfile•••..•••••••.•••..•••....••....•.3.13.4.2CrossSectionProfile••..•••••••••..••...•••••..,..,...J..t..:J,?"__..J3.13.-5Backwater_-a••.-eCl124(,--------/l~~~)c~1iv
(""-------"TABLEOFCor~TENTS(Continued)l~J-~JPaae-3.14SuckerSideChannel(Rr184.5).......••••••••••••.•.•.•••124.3.14.1SiteDesc.ription•••.,..-_.3.14.2Stage/Discharge.Relationship.J.14.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges••••••.3.14.4ChannelGE!ometry•.•.••-••.•••••.••.•••••••••.••••••••••••••124126129114.~.3.14.4.1ThalwegProfile__o.....1.343.14.4.2.CrossSectionProfne~_.__•••..-..1373.14..S-Ba.ckwater_._...-__-.-.""0e-.'.-0-0..01373.15Beaver-DamSloughandSideChannel(RM86..3).............1373.15.1SiteDescription_.••••••••••1373.15.2Stage/DischargeRelationship........................1383.15.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges.......1413.15..4ChannelGeometry00 •0.... .... .. ..1443.15.4.1ThalwegProfile.................................1443.15.4.2CrossSectionProfile...........................146(J3.15..5Backwater••.•••••••••'•••••••••••~..0 000.0 0 0•••00....003.16SunsetSideChannel(RM86.9)••.••••••••••••••••••••.•••3.16.'1Site·Description•••••••••••••••••a••••••o.3.16.2Stage/DischargeRelationship••••••••••••••••••••••••3.16.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges•••••••3.16.4ChannelGeometry••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.16.4.1ThalwegProfile•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••3.16.4.2CrossSectionProfile•••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.16.5Backwater••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••...••3.17SunriseSideChannel(RM87.0)•••••••••••••••••••••••.•.1461471471501501~':l..~153'~l:J.,...,...155155'3.17.1SiteDescription....................................1553.17.2Stage/DischargeRelationship........................1583.17.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges.......lEe3.17.4ChannelGeometry....................................1533.17.4.1ThalweaProfile•••••••.•••••.•••••••••.•••·••••••1623.17.4.2CrossSectionProfile...........................1633.17.5Backwater..••••..•••••••••••••••.•.•.•..•••••.•...••(Cb~~)v165CJ£/
rTABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)~~d-~)Paget!C)(-"----3.18BirchCreekSlough(RM88.4)............................1653.18.1SiteDescription••••••••••••••••••••••·•••••••••••.••1653.18.2Stage/DischargeRelationship........................1673.18.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges.......1703.18.4ChannelGeometry....................................1713.18.4.1ThalwegProfile.................................1713.18.4.2CrossSectionProfile...........................1713.18.5Backwater...........................................1713.19TrapperCreekSideChannel(RM91.6)....................1723.19.1SiteDescription....................................1723.19.2Stage/DischargeRelationship........................1743.19.3MainstemBreachingandControllingDischarges.......1783.19.4ChannelGeometry••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••oo1803.19.4.1ThalwegProfile.................................1803.19.4.2CrossSectionProfile...........................1803.19.5Backwater•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••oo............1814.0SUMMARy••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••..•..000001845.0GLOSSARY•••.••••••••o•••••••••o•••••••••••••••••••oo~o000..1926.0COrITRIBUTORS...............................................1977.0ACKNOWL.EDGEMaITSe·.4-•••.••'e-.--e'-e-- '•••.•-••.•,•.•• •1988.0LillRATUR'EC'I"TEDe....................1999.0ATTACHMENTSl~~~)vic~~
Es~5(~L·_·.·~~/~~.....-.-~0(::..-...-...\AI::::;::-:-:~~I:)···..~~\l:~\:,.~:j-ITURllIDITYI•._...._:...._.::...1OCTREPORTNO.6ADULTSALMONINVESTIGATIONSMAY-OCTOBER1984...-:-.(--~#2tJ~~fllj)bl!.l1:21-L/CJALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES,
C'TABLEOFCONTENTSl*d-i\JPace-PREFACE••••••-'•••••••••••••"••••"..••••••••••••••••••iTABLEOFCONmTS•••••'•••-••••--.-............................•-••-'._.......iiiUST"OFTABLES"•••••••••••.............-•••••-.-.--..........•"e-e-.......• --.viLISTOFFIGURES..•' --.-e-.-."__".xii;Lf'STOF-APPEND-'IXTABLES0g...00-"e..xixLIST"OFAPPEND-IXFIGURES..-•••·.-.-e·..-a-••....-xxii1.0OSJEmVES_--••_e·0~e-1METHODSet0 00 0 0 .3.0RESULTSANDDISCUSSION••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1ChinookSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•••••••••••••.2.2.12.2.2.i.flf~flit.~l.i!,,;!t~~l ."if.I·:'.1'.;...~~7777772556992lowerReach•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••.•••••••.MiddleReach••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••EscapementMonitoringbySSSCounter••••••••••••••••••••TagandRecaptureEstimates•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••EscapementTiming••••••••••••••••••••••~•••••••••••••••oAgeSamples••••••••••••.•••••••••.••••••••.••.•••.•••••.SloughEscapements•••••••••••••••••••••.••••.•.•.•••••••DataAnalysis••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••..•.•MainChannelEscapementMonitoring••••••••••••••••••••••••••SpawningGroundandTagRecove~Surveys••••••••••••••••••••2.3.12.3.22.3.32.3.42.3.52.12.22.32.0Ge:t/EscapementIndexSurveys••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LowerReach••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••.••••••••..••.918914251822(?-o\l\)iiiMainChannelEscapements••••••••••••••••••••••/~~'••••Spawn;n9Areas••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••MainChannelEscapements••••••••••••••••••••••••••••SpawningAreas.••••.•••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••.••MiddleReach••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.2.13.1.2.23.1.1.13.1.1.23.1.13.1.33.1.2(~.
TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)l~'l-q)C~3.2SockeyeSalmon•••••••••.•••••.••.••••••.•..••••.•••••..•....Page25IIII3.2.2.2MiddleReach•••...•••••••.•••.••...•••.•••...••.•••.3.2.1.1.13.2.1.1.2"3.2.2.1.13.2.2.1.2First-Run•..••..•.•...•...•••.•..••••.......•...•........IIIII463725303031374637MainChannelEscapements••••••••••••••••••••••••SpawningAreas•.•••••••••••••••.••••••••..•.•••.MainChannelEscapements••••••••••••••••••••••••Spawni~gAreas•••••••••••••••••••••••••......•..LowerReach•••••••••.••••••.•.•.••••.•••••.••.•.....LowerReach•••••••••••••,••••••••••••••••••••••...•.Second-Run••.•••••••.•••.•••••••.••••••••••.••••••..•...3.2.1.13.2.2.13.2.23.2.1PinkSalmon••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••.•3.3.1LowerReach•••••••••••••••••••••••~••••••e••••••••••••••C)3.33.2.2.2.13.2.2.2.2MainChannelEscapements••••••••••••••••••••••••SpawningAreas••.•••••••.•.••••••..••••••.•.••..46485656IIMiddleReach••••••••••••••.••••••..•.••.••.•••.••....•..3.3.1.13.3.1.23.3.23.3.2.1MainChannelEscapements••••••••••••••••••••••••••••SpawningAreas•••••••••••••••••••.••.•o•••••••••••••MainChannelEscapements••••••••••••••••••••••••••••56636363IJChumSal11JCJn••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••..•3.•43.3.2.2SpawningAreas•.••••••••••••••••..•••.•••.••.•.•••..6570I3.4.1.13.4.1.23.4.13.4.2LowerReach..-••·0._•.,.-e.•.•••••--••••••••••••••••-•.••-••-••MainChannel.Esca-pements•••••••••••••••••••••••..••_.SpawningAreas•••••••••.•••..•..•••••..•••..••......HiddleReach•••••••••.••••••••~••·••••..-'.70707681II3.4.2.13.4.2.2MainChannelEscapements••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Sp'awningAreas.•.•...•.••...•e--•••••••a8183I3-...5-.1LowerRea-ch.....e • _•••-•••••••••••a••••••••••••••••••••••••III9494Escapements•••••••••••••'o----e..o·.-a--.-.,.·.-.·.'-.•_.94Areas••••~~•••••••6~~""~~;/MainChannelSpawningCohoSalron....•...•-.aa-•••••a·•••••••a a••••'••••••••••-••••••••3.5.1.13.5.1.23•.5L
cTABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)l*~~Paae-Cj("'-,-3.5.2MiddleReach..........•........._............•.-0".....•-...........................1053.5.2.1MainChannelEscapements•••••••••••••••_.............1053.5.2.2-SpawningAr-eas•••••••••••••••••••••-o~•••••••-.1084.0SUft1MARY......•-'.'..............................................•' --.-.ill·:401Chino'okSa1mn.... . . . . •...•..•....•.......•... •.. .. ..••.•...... ... ... ..•... .....1134.2SockeyeSalmon-ae"........il74.2..1First-Run'00......•117402..2Second-Run-..............................•'0"..... .... ......•.. .. .. .. ...... ............1214.3PinkS"alRlOn-..............................................1284~4ChumSalmon.................................................1344.5CohoSalmon.................................................145REFERENCES•.••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.••o••ooooo••••••••••••••154ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS•••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.••.0..........157APPENDICESAPPENDIX1.AdultSalmonLowerRiverSusitnaRiverSamplingSurveys...............................................AlAPPENDIX2.SusitnaandYentnaRivers-SamplingLocations••••••••A124APPENDIX3.DailyFishwheelCatchDataandMigrationalRateHistograms•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.••......A130APPENDIX4.DailyYentnaStationSonarCountsandCumulativePercentSonarCountsbySpecies~••••••~•••••••••••••••A209APPENDIX'S.LengthFrequenciesofChinook,Sockeye,Pink,Chum,andCohoSalmon••.••.••••••••••••.••••••....•.•.A229APPENDIX6.SpawningData••••••••~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••A2SSl\-1l\-eelv
£"-s-hsAPIlJ)/JL#;<f3/oALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES~:i\;j<QbrnR~3~o·-~\1"J..,~...MAYi.".I...,LIAU_-IS£PIOCT1/F·~~-'".-._...<:•A.}~ooLJ~~ji::t: 1ITURBIDIT~I~.0........-._....4=30a.REPORTNO•.7RESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISHINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-OCTOBER1984)PARTS1AND2f\Nt)'3(>6\\S\(/;1(6-,-~-,-,--,--.,--=------<J-----y.C'"
cPart1.Part2.~~30et)CONTENTSOFREPORTNO.7The.Migr~tionandGrowthofJuvenileSalmoninthe:ar~~.Sus,tnaRwer.The,RelativeAbundance,Distribution,andInstreamF10w2()'aRelationshipsofJuvenileSalmonintheLowerSusitna.;)"River.(~Part3.ResidentFishDistributionandLifeHistorySusitnaRiverbelowDevilCanyon.inthe.301,.IrI(~(IC<2:~
c'THEMrGRATTONANDGROWTHOFJUVENILESAUtf°r~'30a..INTIfESUSITNARIVER"WReportNo.7,Part1byKentJ.RathandMichaelE.Stratton,~"\l?~\JABSTRACTAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesProgram620East10thAvenue,Suite302Anchorage,Alaska99501(~('---.......-;-.Studiesofsalmonspawning,embryoincubation,andjuvenilerearingareallcriticalinunderstandingthecurrentlifehistoryandhabitatdynamicsofsalmonintheSusitnaRiver.However,thefinalmeasureofthevalueofareachofrivertothefreshwaterlifestagesofsalmonisthenumberandconditionofthefrywhichoutmigratefromthereachtotheocean.BaselinedataonsalmonoutmigrationhavebeencollectedatTalkeetnaStation(rivermile103.0)forthepastthreeyears•.Thedatafrom1982and1983haveshownthatasubstantialnumberofchinook,coho,andsockeyefryoutmigratefromthemiddleriverduringtheirfirstsumner.Becausethemajorityofreturningadultshavespentatleastonewinterrearinginfreshwater,animportantquestionwaswhethertheseage0+fishoverwinteredinthelowerriverorhadalowsurvivalrate.Tohelpanswerthisquestion,outmigranttrapswerealsooperatednearthemouthoftheSusitnaRiver(RM22.4)during1984.Markandrecapturestudiesgavepopulationestimatesforchumandsockeyefry(markedbycodedwiretags)intheSusitnaRiveraboveTalkeetnaStation(middleriver)andforchinookfry(markedbycoldbranding)inIndianRiverandotherrearingsites.ThecoldbrandingstudyalsomonitoredoutmigrationtimingfromIndianRiverandobtainedestimatesofjuvenilechinookresidencetimeinmainstemrearingareas.TheTalkeetnaRiverandDeshkaRiverwereintermittentlysampledtohelpexplainthemainstemoutmigranttrapdata.Aportionoftheage0+chinookfryapparentlyoutmigratefromthemiddleriveruponreachingacriticalsizebutalargenumberremaintooverwinterandthenout-migrateduringtheirsecondsumner.Cohofryoutmigrateatawiderrangeoflengthsthanchinookfrysothecumulativebiomassofcohofrylagsbehindthecumulativenumbersofindividualsbyoneortwoweeks.Age0+chinookandcohofrygrowabout30mnin1engthduringtheiC"E~/
c'open-waterseason.Juvenilesockeyesalmonappeartoseekoutlake-likerearingareasatasizeofabout50m.The1imitedamountofthishabitattypeinthemiddleriveristhemajorinfluenceontheirredis-tributiontothelowerriver.Theestimated1984middleriverpopulationsizewasabout300,000forage0+sockeyeand2,040,000forchumfry.Chumfryrearinginthemiddleriverwasdemonstratedbytheirgrowthandbyanalysisofstomachcontents.·Q(-.'---/ii(*300-)cr;,/c
LISTOFFIGURES••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••~............••••vixiiLISTOFTABLES•••••••••"••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••l~o'\\'7)'"~ABSTRACT.. . . •••. . •. . •. •. •••. . . . ••••. . . . . •. . . •. ••••. . •••. . •••••. ••.iTABLEOFCONTENTS•t'•••LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES.........•.............•....••.•...••......xi;;I1.0INTRODUCTION•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••12.1I2.0METHODS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••StudyLacations.332.1.12.1.22.1.32.1.42.1.52.1.6II£;'1~/2.2FlathornStation•••..•.....•••......•..•••.............DeshkaRiver.•.••••.•••••...••••.•••••..••.•••.••....•.TalkeetnaRiver.•...•••....•••••..••..•...••.•.•.•.....TalkeetnaStation•......•...••••.••.•...•••••..........Codedwiretagging...••.....•.•......•...•.....•....••.Coldbranding••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••FieldDataCollectionandRecording....••••••••••••••••••••333331011II2.2.12.2.22.2.32.2.42.2.52.2.6FlathornStationoutmigranttraps••••••••••••••••••••••DeshkaRiveroutmigrantweir••••••••••••••••.••••••••••TalkeetnaRiverbeachseining••••••••••••••••••••••••••TalkeetnaStationoutmigranttraps•••••••••••••~•••••••Codedwiretagging•.•.••...•••••.•••••..•••...••.•.•.••Coldbranding~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••-••••••••••••1111121212132.3.12.3.22.3.3II2.3DataAnalysis.......••.....•....••.•........••••....•.•..••Juvenilesalmoncatchperuniteffort••••••••••••••••••Populationandsurvivalestimates••••••••••••••••••••••Timeseriesanalysis•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••14141616I3.0RESULTS........•..•...............••••......•.•..............3.1ChinookSalmon•••.•.••••..•.••..•••...••.•...•••...••.•.•••1717I3.1.1Catchperuniteffort•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••17Growth........•..........•................•........•.•.2717192727Ce.{..//iii........................................Age0+.....................................••......Age1+•••••Age0+•..................•.........•...•••.•......•Age1+•...•••.••.•..•••..••••..••..•.•...•.••••..••3.1.2.13.1.2.23.1.1.13.1.1.23.1.2I~.->:r7
3.2•2Growth..................................................39TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)5454603527313535393944444444474744Page~30Age0+••••••••.••••••..••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••Age1+andolder.•••.•.....•.••••.•••••••.........•Age0+•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Age1+andolder....•.....•.•...•...•..•..•..•..••.Age0+•.••••••••••••••.••••••••••.••••••,••.••••••••Age1+•••••••••••••••••••..•••••••••••••••••.•.•.••Catchperuniteffort............•.....................Catchperuniteffo.rt~.(j~IS)Coldbranding•.••.••••••'••••••.•••.••••.•••..•••.•••..•Populationestimates...••...•.••••••.....•••.•..••.••.•Coldbranding••••••••••••••.•••••••.••.•••.••••.•••••••Populationestimates•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Growth..............••......•.........•................Codedwiretaggingandrecovery••••••••••••••••••••••••Populationestimatesandsurvivalratesofoutmigrants.SockeyeSa1men•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••CohoSalmon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.3.2.1.13.2.1.23.2.2.13.2.2.23.3.1.13.3.1.23.3.13.2.13.1.33.1.43.3.23.3.33.3.43.2.33.2.43.23.33.4ChumSalmon.......•.....•....•.............................603.4.13.4.23.4.33.4.4Catchperuniteffort,.Growth.•....•.......•..................................Codedwiretaggingandrecovery••••••••••••••••••••••••Populationestimatesandsurvivalratesofoutmigrants.606464643.5PinkSalmon•......•........................................673.6DescriptiveStatisticsforCatchandEnvironmentalVariables.674.0DISCUSSION...................................................744.1ChinookSalmon.............................................74Outmigration...........................................74Freshwaterlifehistory................................74Estimatesofpopulationsizeandresidencetime........78Growth................................•..........-......79)~l~~,:t~~'14~j!4.1.14.1.24.1.34.1.4ivceV'
1(=II[IIIIIeIIIIII:eI.,,-*30~4.2CohoSalmon:::•••••"JPage........ . . . . . . . . . . . . .....794.2.1Outmigration794.2.2Freshwaterlifehistory................................834.2.3Growth...........•............................~. . . . . . ..834.3SockeyeSa1man•.•••.••.•••..•••.•••••••••••e..• • • • • • • • • • • • ••884.3.1Outmigration·....................884.3.2Freshwaterlifehistory................................884.3.3Estimatesofpopulationsizeandsurvival..............914.3.4Growth.................................................924.4ChumSalmon................................................964.4.1Outmigration...........................................964.4.2Freshwaterlifehistory................................964.4.3Estimatesofpopulationsizeandsurvival..............964.4.4Growth.................................................964.5Pink-Salmon................................................994.5.1Outmigration...........................................994.5.2Freshwaterlifehistory................................995.0CONTRIBUTORS~......1016.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................1037.0LITERATURECITED.............................................1048.0APPENDICESAppendixAJuvenileSalmonCatchandLengthData,1984AppendixBTheSchaeferEstimateofPopulationSizeAppendixCTimeSeriesAnalysisofDischarge,Turbidity,andJuvenileSalmonOutmigrationintheSusitnaRiver,Alaska0::/v
TIMESERIESANALYSISOFDISCHARGE,TURBIDITY,ANDJUVENILESALMONOUiMIGRAirONINiHESUSITNARIVER,ALASKArrl~~-IrABSTRACTby:StephenS.HaleAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesProgram520EastlOthAvenue,Suite302Anchorage,Alaskag9501l<i41~)~c~?P~Gc-DuringthethreeyearsofstudyofjuvenilesalmonoutmigrationfromthemiddlereachoftheSusitnaRiver,acorrespondencehasbeennotedbetweenthe-peaksofriverdischargeandthepeaksofoutmigration.Furtherinvestigationoftherelationshipofoutmigrationtodischargewasrequiredbecausetwo1argehydroe1ectricdamshavebeenproposedfor_aregionabovethesalmonrearingareas.Thesedamswillmarkedlychangethedownstreamdischargeandturbidityregimes,factors·whichinfluencenotonlysalmonoutmigration,butalmostallfishspeciesandlifestagesincludingjuvenilesalmonrearing.Box-Jenkinsmodelsweredevelopedforthe1983and1984timeseriesofriverdischarge,tur-bidity,andchinookandsockeyesalmonfryoutmigrationratesinordertobetterunderstandtheforcesthatshapetheseriesandtostatis-ticallydescribethenaturalconditionsasabaselineagainstwhichfuturechangescanbemeasured.Thetimeseriesexaminedweredescribedbyrelativelysimplemodels,usingmostlyfirst-orderautoregressiveterms.About85%ofthevarianceinturbidityforonedaywasexplainedbythevalueforturbidityofthepreviousday.Thisfigurewas44%forchinooksalmonoutmigrationand43%forsockeyesalmonoutmigration,thelowernumbersindicatingtheeffectofbehavioraldecisionsonbio-logicaltimeseries.Althoughtheformofthetimeseriesplotsofdischargeandchinooksalmonoutmigrationwasdifferentbetweenthetwoyears,theunderlyingstochasticprocesseswhichgeneratedtheseserieswerethesame.Bivariatetransferfunctionmodelswereconstructedforturbidityandsalmonoutmigrationrateswhichexplainpresentvaluesofthesevariablesintermsoftheirownpastvaluesaswellaspastvaluesofdischarge.cc:/-
ABSTRACT.............lqe{,\~J.Page................;.......................;(-TABLEOFCONTENTS~oa)~r..~~~·.~.LISTOFFIGURES.......••••..•••...........•..•.•••...•••...••.....•1.0INTRODUCTION••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1.1TimeSeries*Analysis.1.2ApplicationsofTimeSeriesAnalysis••••••••••••••••••••••••1.3Objectives..•.••......•..................••..••.......~.•...2.0METHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.1TheData.............••...........••........................2.2IdentificationandEstimationofTimeSeriesModels•••••••••2.3TransferFunctionModels••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.0RESULTS••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1UnivariateModelforMeanDailyDischarge•••••••••••••••••••3.2UnivariateModelforTurbidity•••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••3.3UnivariateModelforAge0+ChinookSalmonOutmigration•••••3.4UnivariateModelforAge0+SockeyeSalmonOutmigration•••••3.5Discharge-TurbidityTransferFunctionModel•••.~•••••.••••3.6Discharge-ChinookTransferFunctionModel••••.••••••••••••3.7Discharge-SockeyeTransferFunctionModel•••••••••••••••••4.0DISCUSSION•...•••••..••••••.....•..••••.••.•.•.••..•.•.•.....•5.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••6.0LITERATURECITED••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••7.0BOX-JENKINSARIMAANDTRANSFERFUNCTIONMODELS•••.••••••••••••~iii1455777101111172231313537-~?~~,40444550(-\....JCE/ii
INTHELOWERSUSITNARIVERFLOWRELATIONSHIPSOFJUVENILESALMONTHERELATIVEABUNDANCE9UISTR!BL~ION9ANDINSTREAM(?oa).ReportNo.7~Part2byPaulM.Suchanek,KarlJ.Kuntz,andJohnP.McDonelliC~~JuvenilesalmonabundanceanddistributionwerestudiedinthelowerSusitnaRiver(belowtheChulitnaRiverconfluence)andjuvenilesalmonrearinghabitatwasmodelledat20siteswithinthereach.Chinook,chum,andsockeyesalmonjuvenilesmadeuseofsidechannels;however,highturbiditylimiteduseofsidechannelslocatedintheChulitnaRiverplume.Cohosalmonjuvenileswerefoundprimarilyintributarymouths;sockeye,chinook,andchumsalmonalsowerepresentintheseareas.Sloughs,whichwerelimitedinoccurrence,werenotusedheavilybyanyofthesalmonspecies.Bothtributarymouthsandsidechannel/sloughsiteswere.modelledusingoneoftwohabitatmodels.Attributarymouths,an.increaseinweightedusableareawithariseinmainstemdischargeresultedfromthefonna-tionofbackwaterareaswhichledtolowervelocitiesandanexpansionoftheareaandamountofcoverinundated.Atsidechannels,chinookweightedusableareaincreasedafterovertoppingduetoagainincoversuitability(turbidity),velocity,andarea.Theweightedusablearearesponsetoariseinmainstemdischargeforsockeyeandchumsalmonjuvenilesatsidechannelswasalsousuallypositive.Habitatindicesa~sidechannelsforchinook,chum,andsockeyejuvenilesatmainstemdischargesandsidechannel.flowsabovetheovertoppingdischargedeclinedasvelocitiesbecameunsuitablyhigh.Weightedusableareaforthesespeciesdidnotalwaysdeclineathighdischarges,however,becauseofthecompensatingeffectofalargersurfacearea.~l'~ABSTRACTAlaskacrepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesProgram620East10thAvenue,Suite3Q2Anchorage,Alaska99501\\~~1t7)
-fJ'1!'!'1~V~':;~-·iivviiiixxv13335599i10i10II~10f11~111111121415151519191921CE:~3.1.3.1Area.3.1.3.2Cover.3.1.1Macrohabitattypeclassificationsofstudysites•••••...3.1.2ChulitnaandTalkeetnaRiverplumeinfluencesonturbidityofsidechannels••••••••••••••••••••••••..•3.1.3Physicalresponsesofsamplingsitestomainstemdischargevariations•••••••••••••••••••••••.••.3.1Seasonal,Spatial,andDischargeRelatedVariationsinHabitat.2.2.1Physicaldata.2.2.2Abundanceanddistribution•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••2.2.3Habitatmodellingofrearingsalmon•••••••••••••••••••••2.2.3.1Suitabilitycriteriadevelopment••••••••••••••••••••2.2.3.2InstreamFlowIncrementalMethodology(IFIM)models.2.2.3.3ResidentJuvenileHabitat(RJHAB)models••••••••••••2.2.3.4Modelverification.2.2DataAnalysis....•.••....•.•.••..•.•.........••...•.........2.1.3Scheduleofactivitiesandfrequencyofsampling••••..••2.1FieldSamplingDesign••..•••..••.•...••...••.••..••....•••..LISTOFTABLES•••.....••.•••••.•.•.•...••.•...••••....•...••.•...••2.1.2.1ResidentJuvenileHabitat(RJHAB)modelsites•••••.•2.1.2.2InstreamFlowIncrementalMethodology(IFIM)sites••2.1.2.3Opportunisticsites•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.1.1Studylocationsandselectioncriteria••••••••••••••••••2.1.2Fielddatacollection•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LISTOF-APPENDIXTABLES._••••e.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LISTOFFIGURES••••••.•••••••••••-•••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••.•••2.0METHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••-•••••••••••••.••3.0RESULTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••ABSTRACT••••••••••••••••••••\(I1,\S)l*j0~•••P............~......................LISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••1.0INTRODUCTION.TABLEOFCONTENTSeC..~c~.:.~;~/I·IC~~IIrii
3.2DistributionandAbundanceofJuvenileSalmon•••••••••••••.•c-'TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)€30~Page25c~~j3.2.1Chinooksalmon..........................................253.2.'2Cohosalmon..............253.2.3Chumsa1men•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~•~•••••283.2.4Sockeyesalmon..........................................283.3HabitatModellingofRearingJuvenileSalmon................333.3.1Chinooksalmon..........................................393.3.2Cohosalmon.............................................423.3.3Chumsall11()n.............................................483.3.4Sockeyesalmon..........................................544.0DISCUSSION....................................................644.1ChinookSalmon..............................................644.2CohoSalrt1()n.................................................654.3Chum-Sa1mon•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••674.4SockeyeSalmon..............................................685.0CONTRIBUTORS...................................................706.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................727.0LITERATURECITED..............................................738.0APPENDICESAppendixALowerSusitnaRiverJuvenileSalmonRearingSuitabilityCriteriaAppendixBModelledSiteTurbidities,JuvenileSalmonCatches,Areas,WeightedUsableAreas,andHabitatIndicesAppendixCComparisonoftheIFIMandRJHABModellingTechniquesatTwoSelectedSiteseAppendixDHydraulicModelsforUseinAssessingtheRearingHabitatofJuvenileSalmoninSixSideChannelsoftheJLowerSusitnaRiver~(p.o1.,\iiice:..,/
- -By:JamesAnderson,AndrewHoffmann,andJeffreyBiglerofHYDRAULICMODELSFORUSEINASSESSINGTHEREARINGHABITATOFJUVENILESALMONINSIXSIDECHANNELSOFTHELOWERSUSITNARIVERAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesProgramThirdFloor,MichaelBuilding620EastTenthAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501~~~~\APPENDIXD~.-------),.~.---)---?It~IIIII,ABSTRACTSixsidechannels(Island,Mai~stemWestBank,Circular,Sauna,Sunset,andTrapperCreek)inthelowerreachoftheSusitnaRiverwereevalu-atedusinganInstreamFlowIncrementalMethodology(IFIM)physicalhabitatsimulation(PHABSIM)mod~llingapproachtodescribetheeffectsthatsiteflowandmainstemdischargehaveonrearingjuvenilesalmonhabitat.Thesesiteswerethoughttocontainpotentialhabitatforrearingjuvenilesalmonandwerechosentorangegreatlyinsize,shape,andovertoppingdischarge.Sixhydraulicsimulationmodels(eitherIFG-2orIFG-4)werecalibratedtosimulatedepthsandvelocitiesassociatedwitharangeofsite-specificflowsatthesixmodellingstudysites.Comparisonsbetweencorrespondingsitesofsimulatedandmeasureddepthsandvelocitiesindicatedthatthemodelsprovidereliableestimatesofdepthsandvelocitieswithintheirrecommendedcalibrationranges.c-e./e-TherecommendedofrangesofmainstemSusitnaRiverdischargeoverwhichthesemodelscanhydraulicallysimulatethehabitatofrearingjuvenilesalmonare:IslandSideChannelfrom35,000to70,000cfsmainstemdischarge;MainstemWestBankSideChannelfrom18,000to48,000cfs;CircularSideChannelfrom36,000to63,000cfs;SaunaSideChannelfrom44,000to63,000cfs;SunsetSideChannelfrom32,000to67,000cfs;andTrapperCreekSideChannelfrom20,000to66,000cfs.D-i
ABSTRACT••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••TASLEOF.CONTENTS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~:•••••••••••••••••••LISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.'1KS"O-iO-ivO-iiPagel\~1\~jTABLEOFCONTENTSItIILISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••O-viiiIINTRODUCTION••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0-1IIMETHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••AnalyticalApproach••••••••.••••..•.•••..••••..•••••••••....•StudySiteSelection••••••.••..•.•...•.•••••••••••••.•...•...0-10-10-3IGeneralTechniquesforDataCollection•••••••••••••••••••••••GeneralTechniquesforCalibration•••••••••••••••••••••••••••0-40-7I~~I=~JGeneralTechniquesforVerification••••••••••••••••••••••••••RESULTS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••IslandSideChannel••••••.••••••••.•••.•••••.••••••••••••.••.0-100-100-13ISiteDescription.•....••.•.•.•.••••...•••••.•.••.•..•••.Calibration••.•••••.•••••••••••..••••••••••.••••••••••••Verification•.••••••.•••••...••••••••••••••••••••••••••.Application•...•••.••.••••••••.••••••••••••••••••..••••.0-130-190-190-25MainstemWestBankSideChannel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0-26SiteDescription•••••••...••••..•••..••.••.••••••..••...Calibration•.•••••••••••.•••••••••••.•••••••••.•••••••.•Verification••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•Appl1cation•••••••••••••••••••••••••~.··••••••••••••••••••0-260-320-350-35CircularSideChannel••.•.••.•.•.•.•••••••.••.•.•••.••••••..•0-39SiteDescription•••••••.••••.••••••..•••••..••...•••..••.Calibration•••••••••••••..•.•.••••.••.••••.••.•••••••.••Verification•••••••••••••·••••••••~••••••••••••••••••••••Application•••••...•••••..••.•.•.••.••••.•.••.••••.••••.0-390-390-460-49ecf-/0--11
SunsetSideChannel.••••••.•..•••...••-•.....•••••••..••.•...•SaunaSideChannel.•.•..•••••••••..••.••..•..•.•......••..•.•SiteDescription..•...••••..•....•..•.••.•..........••..Calibration•••••••••••••••••••••••••~.~•••••••••••••••••Verification••••••.••.••.••...•••.•••.•.•.••••••.••...••Application••••••••.•••••••••••••••.•••••••.•••••••.•••.(~'TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)~~o<8Page0-510-510-510-600-620-64IIIIISiteDescription••..•.•..•....••.•..•..........•........Calibration••..•••••••••••••..•••••••••.••••.••••.••••••Verification•.••••••••••••••••.••••••.••••••••..•••...••Appl.ication•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.••••••.•••...••TrapperCreekSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••SiteDescription••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Calibration•••••••.•••••••••••••.•••.•••.••••••••••..•••Verification••••••..••••••....••.•••.•.•••.•••..••••..••Application••..••••••••••.••••.••••••••••••••..•••••..••0-640-700-740-740-770-770-770-830-87IIIIG~J\dSUMMARY.••• ••••••••••••••• ••••• ••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••0-87ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.••••••••••••• ••••••• ••••• ••••••••• ••••• •••• ••••••0-88ILITERATURECITED.....•...•.....•...•.................•.........•..(IScst\s]0-89IIIec-r;.,/D-iii--IIIII
ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES....~."f.5~5/jfllJ)pe1r;<R3=t~3~b.',','"I,- I"".:::~.~ii4...-.~.."",:::"••~.-=t: :••::••:.1-......~".">:\:::,...~....:i:-':.:jITURBIDITYI.._._.•.•••."..•....._..~REPORTNO.7RESIDENTANDJUVENILE'ANADROMOUSFISHINVESTIGATIONS(MAY-O~BER1984)PART3
('r.,..••.RESIDENTFISH-DISTRIBUTIONANDUFEH!STORY!NTFfESUSITNARIVERgao".DEVILCANYONReportNo.7,Part3byRichardL.SundetandStuartD.PechekSusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesProgramAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGaII'E620E.10thAvenue,Suite30ZAnchorage,Alaska99501r:;\=27c'~~0)ABSTRACTStudieso-fresidentfishwereconductedinboththelower(belowChulitnaRiverconfluence)andmiddle(DevilCanyontoChulitnaRiverconfluence)SusitnaRiverin1984.Theprimaryobjectivesinthemiddleriverweretodeterminetheseasonaldistribution,timingofspawning,andspawningareasofrainbowtrout,andtomonitor13indexsitesaspartofthelongtermmonitoringeffort.Mostoftherainbowtroutdatawascollectedbyuseofradiotelemetry.Resultsshowedthatrainbowtroutarerelativelyfewinnumbersandthatspawningoccursatselectedareaswhichareinfluencedbylakes.Muchoftherainbowtroutpopulationinthemiddleriverprobablyoriginatesinlakeswhichdrainintomiddlerivertributaries.RainbowtroutwereabundantinlakeslocatedattheheadwatersofFourthofJulyCreekandintheupperreachesofPortageCreek.RainbowtroutwerealsofoundtousePortageCreekmoreextensivelythanpreviouslythought.SpawningoccurredduringthefirstweekofJune.Allr~inbowtroutmovedoutoftributariesbyearlyOctoberJprobablytriggeredbylowfalldischarges),andmostovenlinteredinthema.instemSusitnaRiverslightlydownstream(O.1-4.0miles)ofthetributarywheretheywerecaptured.OthermiddleriverstudiessuggestArcticgraylingovenlinterinthemainstemSusitnathenascendandspawnintributariesinlateMay.Arcticgraylingalsooutmigratedfromtributariesatthesametimeasrainbowtrout.Catchdataatmiddleriverindexsitesin1984weresimilarto1982and1983findings.Studiesinthelowerriverreinforcedthebeliefthatsomehumpbackwhitefishareanadromous,andthatrainbowtroutandArcticgraylingoutmigratefrommosteastsidetributariesinSeptember.LowerriverstudiesalsofoundthatburbotmoveintotheDeshkaRiverinmid-September.iCE:.~
Tracking.2.0METHODS.•.•....••••.••.••••.••••......•••••.••.••..•..........ABSTRACT'••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••.•••.••..•.•..••.•.•vxi1;2224444777911;x1212121212131314v;;ce.-~vi;;Page~~30~2.1.1Relativeabundance.2.1.2Populationestimates.2.1.3Radiotelemetry.2.2.1Relativeabundance•....................................2.2.2Populationestimates.2.2.3Radiot"elemetry.Equipment......•.......................................Transmitterimplantation...•.....•...•.....•...........l3q'S)ii3.1.1Rainbowtrout.3.1.2Burbot.3.1.3Arcticgraylin9.3.1.4Roundwhitefish.3.1.5Humpbackwhitefish.3.1.6Longnosesuckers.2.2DataCollection..........•.........•.......................2.1StudyLocations................•.•.........................3.1DistributionandRelativeAbundanceofResidentFishontheLowerSusitnaRiver•..•.•.•......••.........•..LISTOFTABLES•..••.••.•.•••..•.••••••••••....•••.....•..•...•....LIST0FPLATES••..••................•....................•........LISTOFFIGURES•••••••••..•••••••••••••••••••••..••••.•.......•..•1.0INTROOUCTION.•••••••.•..•••••.....••..•....•••..••....••.....3.0RESULTS.LISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES•••.••••••..••.•••....••••.••.••....••....LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES•••.••.•••..•••..•••••.••••.•••.•....••..•.TABLEOFCONTENTSItIIIIIIItdIIIIIIIFI
Do11yVarden••••••••••••.•.•••••••.•••••••.•••••.••••••0•14Northernpike..........................................15Threespinestickleback.................................15Ninespinestickleback..................................15Arctic 1amprey.--'18282818262816161616142832283030303030313232323334353535Page35353636:/.iC:e:11IIIIl*30~)·.·.·...................................................................................................................Rainbowtrout•••••.•...•.••.Rainbowtrout•••••••..Burbot.Arcticgrayling.Arcticgrayl;n9.Roundwh~tefish••••••••.•..•.•••••..••••.•..••....•..Humpbackwhitefish..•.....o••••••••••••••••••••••••••••longnosesuckers.Otherspecies•..•Rainbowtrout.Burbot.BurbotcArct;cgraylin9.Roundwhitefishel.el•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Humpbackwhitefish.Longnosesuckers.DollyVarden.Otherspecies••.•.....................dn...................... . .DllyVare••••••••••••••••.NOorthernpiket:c·k','e'b~ck••.••..•••.::..•.••..•.•'0..:....s,.... ....ThreeS~1net.ckleback•....•.:•....•.•~....•.ti.~. sp'nes , ••••••••, LJN,ne.1mprey......~ArctlcaiiiTributarymouths;tes.Sloughsites.Mainstemsites........•.....•......................Lakesurveys••.•••.••••.•••.Tag-and-recapturestudies••.OtherResidentFishStudiesontheMiddleRiver•..•..••..••ResidentFishIndexSiteMonitoringontheMiddleSusitnaRiver.RadioTelemetryStudiesofSelectedResidentFishontheMiddleSusitnaRiver••••.•••.••..••••..••••...•••.••3.4.13.4.23.2.13.2.23.2.33.3.13.3.23.3.34.1.14.1.24.1.34.1.44.1.54.1.64.1.73.1.73.33.24.1LowerSusitnaRiver••3.4TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)4.0DISCUSSION..•.••••.•.•.(-("c
-f.~TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)(~~/Page4.2MiddleSusitnaRiver.......................................374.2.1Rainbowtrout..........................................374.2.2Burbot.................................................424.2.3Arcticgrayling........................................434.2.4Roundwhitefish........................................444.2.5Humpbackwhitefish.....................................454.2.6Longnosesuckers.......................................454.2.7Otherspecies..........................................45DollyVarden......•.....•.............•................45Laketrout.............................................46Threespinestickleback.................................465.0CONTRIBUTORS.. . . . . . . . .•.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS•••••.••••••-•••••••••••••.."••••••••. •. •••. . ..487.0LITERATURECITED.............................................498.0APPENDICESAppendixA-FloyanchortagretentionratesAppendixB -RadiotaggedfishtaggingandhabitatdataAppendixC -PopulationandbiologicalcharacteristicsAppendixD-PopulationestimatesAppendixE -Middleriverindexsitecatchdataanddescriptions,andspawningrainbowtrouthabitatdataC~/iv
£'5tt=sREPORTNO.8AP/lDoL1I;<~'!br31.~~~\ i,J_"__\..~~:~~P~RATUR~!\~J~'.::J-\rt\!J.J<;J\{\J.,":i':TURel~IT~',"1..._-....-..ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESAvailabilityofInvertebrateFoodSourceaforR.arlngJuvenileChinookSalmonInTurbidSualtnaRiverHabitats\~~~('I.l -l:-LI
BenthicanddriftinginvertebratesweresampledfromMaythroughOctober1984toevaluateavailablefishfoodresourcesandthegainandlossofbenthicinvertebratehabitatresultingfromchangesinflow.Foursidechannelandsidesloughsitesweresampledatheadandmid-sectionlocationsusingdriftnetsandmodifiedHesstypesamplers.Juvenilechinooksalmonwerealsosampledusingelectro-fishingtechniquestocorrelat~theavailablefoodsourceswiththatbeingutilized.Atotalof52invertebratetaxawereidentifiedindriftandbenthicsamples,withChironomidaebeingthedominanttaxa.Theproportionsofnumbersofinvertebratesfoundinthestomachsofjuvenilechinooksalmonwerecloselycorrelatedwiththeproportionsofinvertebratesavailableinthedrift.Driftsamplescollectedunderbreachedcon-ditionsindicatedthatinvertebr.ateswerebeingtransportedfromthemainstemintothesidechannelsandsidesloughs.Thequantityofdriftinginvertebratesinsidechannelsandsidesloughsunderunbreachedconditionswasnegligiblecomparedtothedriftunderbreachedconditionswhentotaldriftwasconsidered.Habitatsuitabilitycriteriaweredevelopedandweightedusablearea-wasestimatedforinvertebrateswhichwerecommontodrift,benthos,andthedietofjuvenilechinooksalmonbybehavioraltype{i.e.burrower,swimmer,clinger,andsprawler}.Thedensitiesofeachofthebehavioraltypesgenerallycorrelatedwithwatervelocityandsubstratetype.Depthofwaterdidnotappeartobeanimportantfactorinflu-encingthedensityoforganisms.Watervelocitieslessthan0.4ft/secand.substratescomprisedofs1ltsandsandsgenerallysupportedthec[[C~;I!ttI[[r[-,-~~AVAILABILffiOFINVERTEBRATEFOODSOURCESFORREARINGJUVENILECHINOOKSAL~NINTURBIDSUSITNARIVERHABITATS1985ReportNumber8byTimF.HansenandJ.CraigRichardsAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudiesThirdFloor,MichaelBuilding620EastTenthAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501ABSTRACTi~4t3,)C.E~·
Inconclusion,naturallyfluctuatingmainstemflowswhichoccasionallyinundatedsamplingsitesappearedtomaintainadiversebenthicfaunaandappearedtoprovidedriftingfoodorganismswithinsamplingsitestherebycontributingtotheoverallrearingpotentialofthesesitesforjuvenilechinooksalmon.highestmeandensitiesofburrowerswhichweremadeupprimarilyofChironomidae.Rubblesubstrateswithcomponentsoflargegravelorcobbleandwatervelocitiesbetween1.6ft/secand2.6ft/secgenerallysupportedthehighestmeandensitiesofswimmersandclingers.Sprawlersdidnotappeartopreferentiallyutilizeanyparticularsubstrateorwatervelocity..Projectedweightedusableareaforeachofthebehavioral typeswasclearlyafunctionofmainstem.discharge.Theminimumcontrollingmainstemdischargeforeachofthestudysitesgenerallyproduced"thegreatestamountofburrowerhabitatweightedusablearea.Themaximumamountofweightedusableareaforswimmer,clinger,andsprawlerhabitatatallstudysiteswasreachedatamainstemdischargeabove25,000cfs.cCo;(-"---~-"0kj~)0iiC~/~~~~~.,
TABLEOFCONTENTSGw?J\JABSTRACT..............l44'-).Page....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iTABLEOFCONTENTS..................................................;;;LISTOFFIGURES....................................................viLISTOFAPPENDIX-FIGURES...........................................ixLISTOFTABLES.....................................................xLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES............................................xii1.0INTRODUCTION..................................................12.0METHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••52.1FieldSampling•••~..........................................53•0RESULTS••••••••••.••••••••••••••••-•••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••233.2.1BenthicHabitatSuitabilityCriteria....................302.3DataAnalysis.........•...........~.........................15-2.2Labor_atoryAnalysis_.....1414145512121415161617212222StandingCropEstimation•••••••••.••••••••••••••.••.SuitabilityCriteriaDevelopment••.•••.•••••••••••••WeightedUsableArea•...............................Turbidity.Inverteb~ateDrift•.•..•.....•..........•...............BenthicInvertebrates.InvertebrateLarvalDevelopment••.•.••.•••••••••••••.•••JuvenileChinookSalmon••••••••••••.••••••••••••••.•••••SampleHandlingandStorage•••••••••••.••••••••••••.•.••InvertebrateIdentificationandEnumeration•••••••..••••StudySiteSelection................••.••...............InvertebrateDrift.BenthicInvertebrates.JuvenileChinookSalmon•.••••••••.••.••••••••••••..•..••2.3.2.12.3.2.22.3.2.32.3.32.3.42.3.12.3.22.2.12.2.22.1.12.1.22.1.32.1.42.1.5cc/3.1InvertebrateDrift..........................................233.1BenthicInertebrates........................................28-"iii
TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)C'3.2.1.13.2.1.23.2.1.3l*3\)(5~b)~Depth••••.•.-•..........•.•..•.••.•....••...........II30Velocity............................................45Substrate...........................................46e,:3.2.2BenthicWeightedUsableAreaProjections................473.3InvertebrateLarvalDevelopment.............................523.4JuvenileChinookSalmonDiet................................523.5TurbidityatStudySitesandMainstemSusitnaRiver.••••..•••.••••.•..•.•••.•..•.•••••....•••......524..0DISCUSSION••..•..•.•.••.•...•....•••.•.••••.•••.•••.~.••..•.••574.1AvailableFoodSourcesforJuvenileChinookSalmoninSideChannelsandSideSloughs....................574.2EffectsofFlowontheDistributionandAbundanceofBenthicInvertebratesinSideChannelsandSideSloughs...................................594.2.1HabitatSuitability.....................................594.2.2WeightedUsableArea....................................604.3UtilizationofAvailableFoodbyJuvenileChinookSalmoninSideChannelsandSideSloughs.....................................................624.4ConclusionsandFutureResearch.............................635.0CONTRIBUTORSII• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •..• • • • • • • • • •666.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........•••••••••••••••••••••• •••. ••••••••. ••677.0LITERATURECITED..............................................688.0APPENDICES••••••••••••.•••••.•••••••.•.~..............•••••••.73.ccAppendixAAppendixBAppendixCStudySiteHydrographs,RatingCurves,andDischargeData.•..........••...••.•••........A-IBenthicandDriftInvertebrateData•••••.•••••••.B-1ResultsoftheMultipleRegressionAnalysisofDriftData•••••.•.••••••••••••••.....C-1c-c/iv
l~?)TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)'(-AppendixDFormulaforCalculatingtheShannon-WeaverDiversityIndexandEvenessIndex.PageD-1AppendixEJuvenileChinookSalmonStomachContentData.............................E-IAppendixFWeightedUsableAreaProjectionData.............................................F-lAppendixGWaterTurbidityData••..••••••.••••••••••••.•..••G-l'g...".:i_.'\-::;.~~Ilb~II[IeIcE:~v
(>'0;~~i\t~e:S<J'ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESREPORTNO.9SUMMARYOFSALMONFISHERYDATAFORSELECTEDMIDDLESUSITNARIVERSITESby:AndrewG.HoffmannAquaticHabitatandInstreamFlowProjectl\~J:Jqt3i·~·"l:I,,:\,,,..'.,-.-#....•••.'....~··.•.~.:~~i~i\C'\.Preparedfor:ALASKAPOWERAUTHORITY334W.FIFTHAVE.ANCHORAGE.ALASKA-e.--------
c-~'ABSTRACTC$3}.,C-"---.1..-,.~'---.-/ThefisherydatacoIIectedbytheADF&GontheSusftnaRiverIs anecessarycomponentforuseinevaluatingeffectsofvariationsinnaturalflowregimesonthelifehistorycyclesofthevariousspeciespresent.Thesedata,usedInconjunctionwiththehydraulicdatanowavaJlablefortheriver,providethebasisforrecommendingvariousflowregimes,mitigationoptions,etc.fortheproposedhydroelectricdevelopmentwithrespecttothefishery.ThisreportIndexesthefisherydatacollectedbyavarietyofADF&Gstudiesunderonecoverinordertobetterfacilitatethisprocess.l0-~~)c..~/
(~TABLEOFCONTENTSPREFACE.................................................ABSTRACT••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••IITABLEOFCONTENTS.......................................I ILiSTOFAPPENDIXTABLESLISTOFTABLES...........................................................................IffvLISTOFPLATES••..••.•••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••xJNTRODUCTION............................................RESULTS..............................~.2Non-reconsitesl~..-.:;.-??ReconsitesLITERATURECITED••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••e·..............................................................................47889E=---I IAPPENDIXAAPPENDIXBAPPENDIXCAPPENDIX0••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••e-.·.·.·.l~~?7A-1B-1C-20-1CE-/
ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHAND GAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES/lflrJlJj)c.:If-2fS'I,:...................~~.._....,UITY]i.lUi..jAUGJSEP~~33..:~....:........¥f~JADDENDUMTOREPORTNO.3,CH.8SalmonPassageValidationStudi••(August-October1984).~\~6)fcs-\~s:)..•IIc;.II•II.II•
ADDENDUMTOALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISH-ANDGAMEC~REPORTNO.J!tCHAPTER6:SALMONPASSAGEVALIDATIONSiUOrESAUGUST-OCTOBER,1984~3J(~,ABSTRACTBy:JefferyS.8:1akelyandJosephS.SautnerAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaHydroAquaticStudies620East10thAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501andLarryA.RundquistandN.ElizabethBradleyEntrix,Inc.4794BusinessParkBoulevardSuite6Anchorage,Alaska995031985lJ--~0(.""----Aninterimevaluationoftheeffectsthatmainstemdischargeandlocalflowhaveonpassageconditionsforadultsalmonatselectedsloughand·sidechannelhabitatsofthemiddlereachoftheSusitnaRiverwaspreviouslypresentedinSautneretal.(1984).Duetothelimiteddataavailableforthisinterimevaluation,thePassageValidationStudies(PVS)wereinitiatedduringthe1984openwaterfieldseasontocollectadditionalphysicalandbiologicaldatatoreevaluatethepassagecriteriaandthelocalflowandmainstemdischargevaluesrequiredforsuccessfulandunsuccessfulsalmonpassagewithinthesehabitats.Inaddition,themethodo1ogiesusedforthebackwaterand1oca1flowanalyseswererevisedtoreflecttheadditionaldatawhichwere·ict.-V"
collected.Physicaldatacollectedincludedchannelcrosssectionandthalwegprofi1es,substrateassessments,and1oca1flowmeasurements.Biologicaldataconsistedofsalmonpassagecriteriabasedonvisualobservationsofadultchumsalmonmovementinselectedsloughandsidechannelhabitats..ThesalmonpassagecriteriapreviouslypresentedinSautneretal.(1984)werereevaluatedandrevisedbasedonthesedatausingamodifiedanalyticalapproach.Therevisedanalysisresultedinthedevelopmentofasinglesetofsalmonpassagecriteriathresholdsfordefiningsuccessfulandunsuccessfulpassageconditionsatstudysites.Atotalof85passagereacheswereidentifiedatsloughandsidechannelsitesduringthe1984PVScomparedto14passagereachesidentifiedinSautneretal.(1984).Usingtherevisedcriteriathresholdsasguidelines,areevaluationofthebreaching,backwater,andlocalflowanalysesforthesepassagereachesindicatesthatmainstemdischargeandlocalflowrequirementsforsuccessfulandunsuccessfulpassagearesimilartovaluespreviouslyestablished.Themostsignificantdifferencesoccurredinthebackwateranalysisforsomesites,whererequiredmainstemdischargesdecreasedover1,000cfs.Waterdepthwasdeterminedtobetheprimaryphysicalvariableaffectingpassageconditionsatpassagereaches;passageconditionswerenotgreatlyaffectedbychanges·inpassagereachlength.Variationsinchannel-configurationandsubstratesizewereassumedtohaveanegligibleinfluenceonthesalmonpassagecriteria.Therevisedpassagecriteriathresholdsarebasedonanupperthalwegdepthof0.5feettherebyvoidingallpreviousanalysesthatutilized0.67feetastheupperlimitofthalwegdepth.cr'~.\=~("'---".-~.~~~l~16);iLe/r.r.·'i
2.0METHODS•...••••••.•••••••••.••••••......•.•••••.•...••••......4iii.LISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES..•••••••••••••.••••.••••••.••....•......•.viiiivviPagel43~2.3AnalyticalMethods..........................................102.1SiteSelection..............................................42.2FieldMethods...............................................42.3.1SalmonPassageCriteria.................................102.3.2PassageReachEvaluations...............................112.3.2.1VerificationofPassageReaches.....................122.3.2.2BreachingAnalysis..................................122.3.2.3BackwaterAnalysis..................................132.3.2.4LocalFlowAnalysis.................................133.1SalmonPassageCriteria.....................................173.2PassageReachEvaluations...................................253.2.1BreachingandBackwaterAnalyses........................253.2.2LocalFlowAnalysis.....................................252.2.1DeterminationofSalmonPassageCriteria................42.2.2IdentificationofPassageReaches.......................62.2.3PhysicalHabitatVariablesUsedtoEvaluatePassageReachConditions................................71.1Background.. . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2Objectives..................................................3LISTOFFIGURES.••••••.••..•...••.••••.•.••••.••••.•.••........••..LIST0F TASLES.........•......................•..••..............•..ABSTRACT.•••..••••••••••l4ti5)....................................3.0RESULTS17LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES............................................xv1.0INTRODUCTION..................................................1TABLEOFCONTENTS
Page(-~4.0(Continued)-W"3'!JDISCUSSION....••••••••••••••L5at.,),--..................................39GL4.1SalmonPassageCriteria.....................................394.2PassageReachEvaluations...................................414.2.1MainstemBreaching......•..•..........•...-..............414.2.2MainstemBackwater......................................424.2.3LocalFlow•••.••.•••...•••••..••••.•••••..••....•..•.~..444.3InfluenceofMainstemDischargeonLocalFlows..............474.4Conclusions/Recommendations.................................485.0CONTRIBUTORS..................................................536.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................547.0LITERATURECITED..............................................558.0APPENDICES....................................................57AppendixA.SupplementtoLocalFlowMethods•••...~.•...•...•A-IAppendixB.PassageReachDistributionMaps..•••..•.......••.B-1AppendixC.ThalwegProfilesofPassageStudySites••.......•C-lAppendixD.CrossSectionalData••••.•••••••.••••.•••........0-1AppendixE.StageandDischargeData•••••.••••••••...••......E-lc2:Viv-
/tfl!Doc:It;)~b?-£s-rC5..,:-'.#34-.o;J• -I..&.I_I.;uLi4\1&iSEP,OC':"i":JJ:::::'\.}Jl~~UJ,J:f\t:a"ITURBI~n·~·1"1.•---.---ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES'SKS29and37SUPPORTTECHNICALREPORT)NT1NUOUSWATERTEMPeRATUREINVESTIGATIONS,:There••Keklak.ndTommyWithrow,II0-rI~IIl-I-IIIeIIIIIIIIE:]1-.
TABLEOF-CONTENTS'.-'---..-..LISTOFAPPENDIXTABLESa-a••..---..4.0CONTRIBUTORS•••••••••.••••_••••••0••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.0DATASUMMARY•••••~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••PaQ~-iiiv1f22222610101010131313161619192323232727292932323234343737ce,~180l~3L\)TABLEOFCONTENTS,3.2.3.1Slough10NortheastChannel(RM133.8)•••••••••••••3.2.3.2Slough10NorthwestChannel(RM133.8)•••••••••••••3.2.1BushrodSlough(RM117.9)••~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.2CurrySlou9h(RM119.7)••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.2.3Slough10(RM133.8)•••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.15.1SusitnaRiveratRM139.0,Site1•••••••••••••••••3.1.15.2SusitnaRiveratRM139.0,Site2•••••••••••••••••i2.1.1Task29Sites'-..Z.l.ZTask37Sttese-a'_ ' --..3.1.1LaneCreek(RM113.6,TRM0.1)•••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.2FourthofJulyCreek(RM131.1,TRM0.2)•••••••••••••••3.1.3IndianRiver-Site3(RM131.1,TRM0.2)••••••••••••••3.1.4IndianRiver-Site4(RM131.1,TRM0.2)••••••••••••••3.1.5Mainstem2SideChannel(RM115.0)•••••••••••••••••••••3.1.6SideChannelatRM117.9••••••••••••••••·•••••••••••••••3.1.7SideChannelatRM129.8•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.8SideChannelatRM131.3•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.9UpperSideChannel11(RM136.0)•••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.10UpperSideChannel21(RM141.6)••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.11SusitnaRiveratRM118.9•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.12SusitnaRiveratRM127.1.3.1.13SusitnaRiveratRM132.9•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3.1.14SusitnaRiveratRM137.5••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.3.1.15SusitnaRiveratRM139.0•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2..2FieldDataCol1ection.--•••••••••2.1SiteSe·lection-•••.•-•.•••_..2'.3DataAnalysis••'•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••03.2Task37Sites•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~••••••••••3.1Task29Sites••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2.aMET'HODS.-"".-.-e""-.LISTOFAPPENOrXFIGURES••••~.__'.1.aOBJECTIVES--~._•.•- - -•••~~jc@I(II(r
fs~5.........i"'IoiaI -SEPioc":"REPORTNO.10PRELIMINARYEVALUATIONSOFPOTENTIALFISHMITIGATIONSITESINTHEMIDDLESUSITNARIVERJN'.l~tJ\rr-.r\JV:~MPERATUR~!~~"'.'-J,..,\nI"'I-_.....-':y~\...A~}..A;)\IU~........:l1T'JRE!IDITYI~.......__.c.··.c~=-/cc/:ttJ5.AP/IDbe#-;(1fJ2ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES
cPRELIMINARYEVALUATIONSOFPOTElmAlFISHMITIGATIONSffi.IS.)INTHEMIDDLESUSIDARIVER.'2.tJReportNo.10~~~ABSTRACTbyDonaldR.SeagrenandRobertG.Wilkey-.".,AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesProgram6ZUEast-10thAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501c:-~0)IeIIII[IIIEI-DevelopmentoftheSusitnaHydroelectricProjectisexpectedtoalterthenaturalseasonalflowregimeoftheSusitnaRiverdownstreamofDevilCanyon(RM152.0).ChangesinthenaturalflowregimeoftheSusitnaRivermayimpactsalmonspawningandincubationhabitatinthemiddlereachoftheriverfromTalkeetna(RM98.0)toDevilCanyon(RM152.0).ThisstudywasconductedbytheAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameduring1984and1985toevaluatepotentialsloughandsidechannelsitesthatmaybeusedtomitigateforadverseimpactstosalmonspawningandincubationhabitatresultingfromoperationofthehydro-electricproject~Theseevaluationsfocusedonhabitatmodificationasamitigationalternativetoimprovefishpassage,upwelling,andsub-strateconditions.Forty-fourpotentialfishmitigationsiteswereidentifiedduringtheopen-waterportionofthisstudy.Ofthese44sites,23weresidesloughhabitats,16wereuplandsloughhabitats,and5weresidechannelhabitats.Fromtheinitial44sites,threerepre-sentativesiteswereselectedformoredetailedevaluationsofhabitatmodificationalternativesduringtheice-coveredseason.Baselineinfonnationonsurfaceandintragravelwaterquality,substratecon-ditions,upwellingsources,andfishpassagerestrictionswerecollect~duringtheopen-waterseason.Theice-coveredstudiesevaluatedincubationconditions(waterqualityandsubstrate)andspecifichabitatmodificationtechniqueswhichmaybeapplicableformitigationpurposes.RecolJlIlendationsforspecificsiteswhichgenerallyappeartobemostsuitableformitigationarepresentedinthediscussion.However,theselectionofthesesiteswasbasedonfieldobservationsandlimiteddata,thereforeamoredetailedevaluation·shouldbeconductedtodetermineifthesesitesarethemostpracticalsitesformitigationpurposes.Thisstudyonlyevaluatesthemitigationpotentialofsitesundercurrenthabitatconditionsand anychangestothehabitatthatmaytakeplaceinthefuturemaynecessitate~reevaluationofthesesites.a:V"i
•TABLEOFCONTENTS~~0)Page,,ABSTRACT••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••TABLEOFCONTENTS.....••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• •••••••iiLISTOFFIGURES••••••••••••••••••••••.-.............................vLISTOFTABLES•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••vi.;;LISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES...........................................ixLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES....••••.••••.•..•.•••...•...••..•.•.....•••xvii1.0INTRODUCTION••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••'...•••••••••••11.1Background..................................................11.2Objectives..................................................32.0METHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••62.1Open-WaterStudies..........................................62.1.1SiteSelection..•.•.....•.....•.....•.......•.62.1.2SurfaceWaterQualityandIntragravelWaterTemperature.......................................62.1.3GeneralSubstrateEvaluations....•.....•••.......•......142.1.4UpwellingandBankSeepage..............................152.1.5EvaluationsofPassageRestrictions.....................152.2Ice-CoveredStudies.••.......~..............................152.2.1SiteSelection...••.....•..•...............•..........!J.152.2.2SurfaceandIntragravelWaterQuality...•...............162.2.3FreezeCoreSubstrateAnalysis..........................172.2.4UpwellingandBankSeepage..............................212.3InterpretationofFigures...................................21L';c1~)C~~ii
(c'(~TableofContents(Continued)~1-;)c))~4,{)~• •• ••• ••• •••••••••23...........3.0RESULTS.3.1Open-WaterStudies..........................................233.1.1InstantaneousSurfaceWaterQualityandIntragrave1WaterTemperatures..........................233.1.2GeneralSubstrateEvaluations...........................233.1.3UpwellingandBankSeepage..............................233.1.4EvaluationsofFishPassageRestrictions................283.1.5SalmonSpawningUtilization.............................293.2Ice-CoveredStudies.........................................303.2.1PhysicalCharacteristics................................303.2.1.1WaterTemperature...................................303.2.1.1.1InstantaneousSurfaceandIntragrave1WaterTemperatures..............................313.2.1.1.2ContinuousSurfaceandIntragrave1WaterTemperature.. . . .... . .... . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . .... . . .313.2.1.2FreezeCoreSubstrateAnalysis......................313.2.1.3UpwellingandBankSeepage..........................403.2.2ChemicalCharacteristics................................403.2.2.1DissolvedOxygen403.2.2.2pH413.2.2.3Conductivity......414.0DISCUSSION..•........•...•...................•................544.1GeneralEvaluationsofPotentialMitigationSitesatSideSlough,UplandSloughandSideChannelHabitats............................................544.1.1SideChannelHabitats...................................544.1.2UplandSloughHabitats..................................544.1.3SideSloughHabitats••....••.•.••.•.•~..................554.2OpeningofBeaverDamstoImproveFishPassageConditions..........................................564.3IdentificationofHabitatModificationTechniquesatSelectedSloughSites.........................5657••••. . •.... •.... .58.......Slh..••. .•.•431Bushrodoug••••.•.•..•••.•..••..•.•••.•..•.•59• • S1 h •••••••••••••••••4 3 2Curryaug..•. . . .. . . .••.•. . . . .. . .•. . .. . . /4:3:3Slough10.....................0;;::Viii-l..
..iv8.0APPENDICES.••••...••••••.•.•.•.••....••..••••...•.............705.0CONTRIBUTORS.•• ••. . • •••••• ••. •. ...•••. . ••••. •••. ••. •••••. . . •. . .626.0ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................6360PageAppendixA.SiteDescriptionsandSiteMaps..••••.•...•.....A-IAppendix8.GeneralSurfaceWaterQualityandIntragravelWaterTemperatureData•••••.•••.••••.••.••.••..•8-1AppendixC.SalmonSpawningDistributionData•.••.......•.•.C-lAppendixD.SelectedPhysicalandChemicalRequirementsforVariousLifeStagesofSalmonSpecies.•••••..••.•.••....~..•.0-1AppendixE.WinterWaterQualityData..•.........•••......•.E-lAppendixF.FreezeCoreSubstrateData..•....•.•...••.....••F-lGE~TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)~?JS')c?0\,~)4.4Conclusions/Recommendations•....••...•.....••....•••.....•..7.0'LITERATURECITED..............................................64
11._]~~£':::-.:'~;:'('j-J~JJJ€i.~(7£~~~~/'A---\J~•IT~IIIPERATUR~~"oo-:-""<....~~J\..}-...A:J~Jl)h:0:....,.:.ITURBIDITYI~......I- ....:t1..---------------------._---_.-----TECHNI-CALDATAREPORTNO.12SUMMARYOFWATERTEMPERATUREANDSUBSTRATEDATAFROMSELECTEDSAlMOH-SPA-WHINGANDGROUNDWATERUPWELLINGSITESINTHEMIDDLE-SUSrtNA-RIVER·T:>4l==---3'".'.,-t.'·."'"/J?1i/}pc.#-;<.413ALASKADEPARTMENTOFASHANDGAMESUSTTNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREEORTSEBlES
c~\c*~~SUMMARYOFWATERTEMPERATUREANDSUBSTRATEDATAFROMSELECTEDSALMONSPAWNINGANDGROUNDWATERUPWELLINGSITESINTHEMIDDLESUSITNARIVERC?~,~-d01l\TechnicalDataReportNo.12byDonaldR.SeagrenandRobertG.WilkeyG~~-----~--------------/'AlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesProgram620East10thAvenue,Suite302Anchorage,Alaska99501December1985C~/
(~"TABLEOFCONTENTSLISTOFFIGURES•••••~~.~L\)~.~7~••••••P......~........................• • • • 1XLISTOFTABLES••.••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.:..................xiiLISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.xiiiLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES.........................................•..xvi1.0INTRODUCTION•••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••..•••••••.•••••••~.12.0METHODS•••.•••••••••.••..•••••••••·••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.22.1Open-WaterStudies..........................................22.2.1SiteSelection..........................................112.2.2ContinuousSurfaceandIntragravelWaterTemperature....122.2.3FreezeCoreSubstrateEvaluations.......................122.2Ice-CoveredStudies.6)2.1.12.t.22.1.32.1.4SiteSelection...•.......••......•..•......•••..••...•..InstantaneousSurfaceandIntragravalWaterTemperature••••••••••••••~••••••••••••••••••••••••GeneralSubstrateEvaluations•••••••••••••••••••••••..••GroundwaterUpwellingandBankSeepage•••••••...••••.•••2101011112.3InterpretationofFigures...................................163.0DATASUMMARy..................................................173.1Open-WaterStudies..........................................173.1.1InstantaneousSurfaceandIntragravelWaterTemperature·.........................173.1.2GeneralSubstrateEvaluations...........................173.1.3GroundwaterUpwellingandBankSeepage..................243.2Ice-CoveredStudies.........................................243.2.1ContinuousSurfaceandIntragravelWaterTemperature.. .. . . . . . ..... . ......... . ... . ... . .. . ... ......243.2.2FreezeCoreSubstrateEvaluations.......................33(~....~•....~.~4.0CONTRIBUTORS.415.aACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...• • • • •. • • ••• • ••••• •••• •• ••. • • •• • •• • ••• •••• • •42c.e:V-
7.0APPENDICES....................................................476.0LITERATURECITED..............................................43Page(*?:lo\Lt1l\)AppendixB.SiteDescriptionsatContinuousWaterTemperatureMonitoringLocations,Ice-CoveredStudies,1984-1985...••..•.....•.•..•..••B-1AppendixA.SalmonSpawningUtilizationDataofMainstemandSideChannelHabitatsintheMiddleSusitnaRiver,1981-1984•.••••..•..A-ITABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)
c,:~lleJIIIlII'I[E-1--.r-s+t:<SLOWERSUSITNARIVERPRaIMlNARYCHUMSALMONSPAWNINGHABITATASSESSMENTDraftTechnicalMemorandumbyJeffBiglerKimLevesque1985ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAME~31-SusitnaHydroAquaticStudies'620East10thAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501
tiiPaae-~3~FlGURES.••••••••••••l?-~1:;)...."...-.__e·............LISTOFTABLEOFCONTENTSC~:L.ISTOFTABL.ES.••_ -__" _-~'..a-a..viiLISTOFPLA-TES· ---..•- '..__" .xINTRODUCTION_" '..1Background".__--~., -••' -••a-a.-.'"--_-.Objectives, --$""'.-••"..11Habita.tDataQ••••••••••••••••••••Bi0109;ca.lData••" ".'-.''.'-..11METHODSe.a.4.HabitatData•••••••••••••.•-.4Temperatures••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••WaterSurfaceElevations••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Substrate•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••446GIBiologicalData•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••ChumSalmonSpawningSurveys••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••ChumSalmonSpawningWUA••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••EggSurvivalandDevelopment••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••OutmigrationOccurrence•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••6661212DATASUMMARy••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•14HabitatData••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••14Temperature•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••14UpperTrapperSideChannel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LowerTrapperSideChannel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UpperSunsetSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LowerSunsetSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••UpperCircularSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LowerCircularSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••141414373737IIeIWaterSurfaceElevations••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••TrapperSideChannel•••••••••~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••SunsetSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••CircularSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••i59595959/Ce:V
Substrate•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••CONCLUSIONS' '••••••••-.•••'.--e.•.•..••o-•••CO..NTRIB.uTO·RS- •- -..-.-0-."'--.G'••-.-0~Page~64~6464~646464~64~104104~104104120~120120~120120123~123'-123~123123"~123125~127:1I..128~129~ce:/l*31)iil3<i3)UpperTrapperSideChannel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LowerTrapperSideChannel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Sunset-SideChannel••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••CircularSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••TrapperSideChannel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••SunsetSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••CircularSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••MainstemWestBankSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••CircularSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••SunsetSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••TrapperSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••~••••UpperTrapperSideChannel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LowerTrapperSideChannel••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••SunsetSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••CircularSideChannel•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••BirchCampMainstem•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••EggSurvivalandDevelopment••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••ChumSalmonSpawningSurveys••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Outmigration••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••ChumSalmonSpawningWUA••••••••••••••••••••••oo•••••••o••••BiologicalData••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••e••••••••••••LITERATURECITED- -~-••.••••' -••••••••·09.RECOMMENDATIONSFORFUTURESTlJDTES••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)(-..~.-.,,,c.\:::7'L,·
C'-e~~.::-(it3+0-SUSITNAPROJECTREVIEWDivisionofCommercialFisheriesCentralRegionOctober2 -4,1985-~Qt::uY/GiSFI(~~.1?001:<00I4o0(~(2.j-hrc1ra-ffr:-fj8rof(SipOS:7OIJ/J./o~~ool~)\(t~3)"/It?FG-J;'4
(--REVIEWERSGUIDEt61&C·",.•.~./'e~YourparticipationintheSusitnaProjectReviewissincerelyappreciated.Asareviewer,yourcommentsandrecommendationswillassisttheCommercialFisheriesDivisiondevelopandrefinefuturefisheriesstudyplansfortheSusitnaRiver.TheDivisionpresentlyhastwoprimarymanagementgoalsfortheSusitna.ThefirstgoalisliTOENSURETHATOPTIMUM("ADEQUATE")SPAWNINGESCAPEMENTSAREMAINTAINEDFORSUSITNARIVERSALMONSTOCKS.IIThesecondprimarygoalad-dressesmonitoringpotentialchangesresultingfromtheconstructionandoperationoftheSusitnaHydroelectricProjectonfishpopulationsandtheirhabitats.MorespecificallythegoalisliTODESCRIBETHENATURALPRE-PROJECTVARIATIONSINFISHPOPULATIONSANDTHEIRHABITATSATALEVELOFRELIABILITYNECESSARYTODETECTANDEXPLAINPOSSIBLEFUTURECHANGESCAUSEDBYTHEHYDRO-ELECTRICDEVELOPMENrl•Giventherealityofshrinkingbudgetsandrapidlyincreasedresourcede-mands,wemustcarefullyassessourfisheriesprojectstoensure1)techni-calmerit2)costeffectiveness,and3)relevancetoprimarymanagemeyttgoals.Inthisregard,pleaseattempttousethefollowinglistofquestiorisasanoutlinetostructureyourcommentsandrecommendations.1.DotheobjectivesofthisprojectappeartoadequatelyaddresstheDivisionisprimarygoals?Howmightprojectobjectivesbemodifiedtomoreclearlyaddressourgoals?2.Ifyoubelievethattechnicaldifficultiesassociatedwiththisprojectmayexist;whataretheyandhowmighttheyberemedied?3.Couldoursamplingprogramsbemodifiedtoreduceprojectcostswithoutunreasonablysacrificingtechnicalquality.4.WhatprioritywouldyougivethisprojectintermsofmeetingtheDivisionisprimarygoals??--6\3
(~~C-.··~....~-=-..~_7~•.~..'--~-TableofContentsSusitnaProjectReviewOctober2 -4,1985A.BackgroundInformation1.Correspondence2.WhitePaper3.1979PlanofStudyB.ProjectDescription1.LowerRiverSalmonEscapement2.MiddleRiverSalmonEscapement3.MiddleRiverOutmigrantEvaluation4.LowerRiverSpawningHabitatEvaluation5.MiddleRiverResidentFishStudy6.AquaticHabitatMonitoring7.LongTermMonitoringStrategies?J4J~~~Elrc£/
-..-S.--r------it38Q.11f/1Dp6=If3002.,,;;:;·~;t;f:./J......"~.•.J(\,J;;:~?r,.~'~~_....#../••••••••_....1~../..r..<.:~~:~'·--).~ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESREPORTNO.11WINTERSTUDIESOFRESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISH(OCTOBER1984-MAY1985)PART1:::>WJ-.....JUETLV1crT'I,?rSll6\l\C-',III1(;'IIIIII1·--·.CjI
INTHESUSITNARIVERBELOWDEVILCANYON,1984-85c~WINTERRESIDENTFISHDISTRIBUTIONANDHABITATSTUDIESCONDUCTEDAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesProgram620East10thAvenue,Suite302Anchorage,Alaska99501ABSTRACTReportNo.11,Part1ByRichardL.Sundet(~~'6~~~0C-6/QG~Studiesofselectedresidentfishspecieswereconductedinboththelower(belowtheChulitnaRiverconfluence)andmiddle(betweentheChulitnaRiverconfluenceandDevilCanyon)SusitnaRiverduringthewinterof1984-85.Thesestudiespresentdistributionandhabitatdatacollectedfromresidentfishwhichwereradiotaggedinthespringandfallof1984.AdditionalstudiesweredoneonthelowerSusitnaRivertodocumentthetimingandlocationsofspawningburbot.Findingsfromradiotelemetrystudiesindicatethatmiddleriverrainbowtroutover-winteredinthemainstemSusitnaRiver,whereaslowerriverrainbowtroutusuallyoverwinteredinsidechannels.Mostrainbowtroutover-winteredfrom0.0to4.0milesbelowthemouthofthetributarytheyweretaggedat.Rainbowtroutinbothreachesofriveroverwinteredinareasoflowtomoderatewatervelocities(0.0-2.5fps)andinareaswithsurfaceice.Norainbowtroutoverwinteredinareasthathadanchorice.Middleriverrainbowtroutwerefoundinslightlydeeperwatersthanlowerriverrainbowtrout.Severalmiddleriverrainbowtroutoverwinteredclosetoeachothersuggestingthatthisspeciescongregateduringthewinterorthatoverwinteringhabitatislimited,resultingincohabitation.Twopronouncedwintermovementswererecordedforrainbowtroutinbothreachesofriver:onebetweenmid-Septemberandmid-October,andonebetweenmid-Decemberandmid-January.MostrainbowtroutbegintomigratefromthemainstemtotributariesduringbreakupinMay.LowerriverburbotspawnedbetweenlateJanuaryandearlyFebruary.FourspawningsitesattheDeshkaRiverweredocumented.SeveralradiotaggedburbotprobablyspawnedinthemainstemSusitnaRiverbetweenRM13.0andRM92.0.Burbotshowedbothapre-andpost-spawningmigrationofupto20miles.MonitoringdatasuggestsomemiddleriverArcticgraylingoverwinterinthemain-stematRM147.0,nearPortageCreek(RM148.8),whileotherstocksmigrate40.0milesdownrivertooverwinterinthemainstemSusitnaRivernearTalkeetna.i••f4l,
LISTOFFIGURES....................................................ivl-*?JPJet)Page~£,l'i;JiABSTRACT.••••••••••••C'1~q.').................................TABLEOFCONTENTS(~'LISTOFTABLES•••••.••.••.....•.•••••..•.••••••.•••.•.....•••.•..••viLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES...........•................................vii1.0INTRODUCTI·ON••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••12.0METHODS·•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••32.1StudyLocations••••••3DataCollection•••••••••••••................................C'::C"--)~.2.1.12.1.22.22.2.1Radiotelemetry••••••••••Burbotspawning•••••••••Radiotelemetry••••••••.........3355~~~:~Equipment...•••.....••...•..•.-••..•.....•..•.•.....••.•.Transmitterimplantation•••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••Tracking.566~~l:2.2.2Burbotspawning••••7•RESULTS•••••••••••••••-••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••LowerSusitnaRiver......••.......•••.•............•.••.••.•3.03.13.1.13.1.2Rainbowtrout••••••Burbot....•...•....Biologicalcharacteristics:sexualdevelo~m~nt,age,length,andsexcompos1tlon•..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••..•.•••8881016II~~~'i~ce:/MiddleSusitnaRiver..•.............•.......................c-3.23.2.13.2.2Rainbowtrout•••••••••••.Arcticgrayling•••••••••.161625~J~~~-1\'ti"tr.>,i i~~;~!'
c~~TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)()3sa)PageGj(/~4.0DISCUSSION•••...••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••~..••.•..••274.1LowerSusitnaRiver.........................................294.1.1Rainbowtrout...........................................294.1.2Burbot..................................................334.2MiddleSusitnaRiver........................................384.2.1Rainbowtrout...........................................384.2.2Arcticgrayling.........................................405.0CONTRIBUTORS..................................................436.0ACK~JOWLEDGEMENTS.•••••• ••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••447.0LITERATURECITED••.•.•••••••.•••••••••-........................458.0APPENDICES....................................................49AppendixA -Radiotaggedfishtaggingandhabitatdata•••••••A-IAppendixB -Burbotbiologicalcharacteristicsandresidentfishcatchdata••••.••.••.••.•....••.............8-1(Lf{~Ge~iii
~S~9-----_____---5'-f.-~::::::::;.'/;APADoC!#~()b3w:58b."}....""~...r\<',.~wl/,~L_.·~__..._.)../....._..<::;~~-:\---ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES..,23,0,*31ee:ag~IPART2REPORTNO.11WINTERSTUDIESOFRESIDENTANDJUVENILEANADROMOUSFISH(OCTOBER1984-MAY1985)::::>WI---JU E T L~crr1~rSAt\06tv-------------c~·8I,5~-.-.·····. .-i
SUMMARY OF JUVENILE CHINOOK AND COHO SALMON
WINTER STUDIES IN THE MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER, 1984-85
Report No. 11, Part 2
by Michael E. Stratton
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Susitna River Aquatic Studies Program
620 East lOth Avenue, Suite 302
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
April 1986
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES ••••••••• . ........................................ . xiii
LIST OF TABLES..................................................... XV
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES ••.••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••.• xvii
1.0 INTRODUCTION ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
2.0 METHODS ••• · ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••
2.1 Study Locations ••••••••••••••..•••••••
2.2 Field Data Collection and Recording. ........................
2.3 Data Ana 1 ys is •.•••.•...•........•••....•.......•...•.....•..
3.0 RESULTS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
3.1 Biological Data •••.
3.1.1 Chinook Salmon. ....................................
3.1.1.1
3.1.1.2
3.1.1.3
3.1.1.4
Distribution and relative abundance .••
Length .•..................•...
Movement ..................•
Population estimate data •••
3.1.2 Coho Sa 1 mon •••.•••••••..•••••••••.••••••••
3.2
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
3.1.2.1
3.1.2.2
3.1.2.3
3.1.2.4
Distribution and relative abundance ••.
Length .•.................••..
Movement .........•..••.. ~-•••.•
Population estimate data .••.•.•
Habitat Data ............................................... .
DISCUSSION ••••.••
Chinook Salmon.
Coho Sa 1 mon •.
Habitat Data.
1
3
3
3
11
13
13
13
13
18
20
25
25
25
31
31
31
35
41
41
45
46
ce:/
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
5.0 CONTRIBUTORS.................................................. 49
6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................. 51
7.0 LITERATURE CITED.............................................. 53
8.0 APPENDICIES................................................... 59
Appendix A -Juvenile chinook and juvenile coho
salmon catch data by site and month,
winter 1984-85 .•.•....••...•..•.•.•.........•.... A-1
Appendix B -Creation of tag-recapture data files
which can be used in the POPAN-2 computer
model to generate population estimates
of juvenile chinook salmon at selected
winter rearing sites in the middle
Susitna River ..••.••.....••.....•....••.......... B-1
Appendix C-Ice thickness data, winter 1984-85 ••...•....•.... C-1
Appendix D -Field observations on predation and food availability ...•..•........•....•.......•..• D-1
(".......('..~.Fv:'£~-rc:;//'--,-/0~)ReportNo.13AdultSalmonInvestigations:May-October1985DRAFTA.J...I__.•__r-J_._.!_I.IATL_*3').AffJDbt!..:1f3Lj/;LALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIES
\:!~C\It'iIIIIIIIL~~~)IIIIIII~LeiCIIADULTSALMONINVESTIGATIONS:MAY-OCTOBER1985ld-~~TechnicalDataReportNo.13by:FrederickM.ThompsonSusanN.WickBarryL.StrattonAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGameSusitnaRiverAquaticStudiesProgram620East10thAvenue,Suite302Anchorage,Alaska99501April1986c£'/
(~"TABLEOFCONTENTS(*'Y~PageTABLEOFCONTENTS..................................................ivLISTOFFIGURES....................................................viLISTOFTABLES.....................................................xLISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES•..•••••••.•...••..•.•.•.•••...••....•.•...xiiiLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES............................................xiv1.0INTRODUCTIONANDOBJECTIVES...................................12.0METHODS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•••••••••22.1MainChannelEscapementMonitoring.......................22.2SpawningGroundSurveys..................................42.3DataAnalysis............................................53.0RESULTSANDDISCUSSION........................................83.1ChinookSalmon...........................................8r,\v2.3.1EscapementEstimates.••.•••••••..••••••...••••..•.2.3.2EscapementTiming.2.3.3SloughEscapements...•............................5773.1.1MainChannelEscapements..........................83.1.2Fecundity.........................................143.1.3SpawningAreas....................................173.2SockeyeSalmon......-.....................................173.2.1First-Run.........................................173.2.1.1MainChannelEscapements.................173.2.1.2SpawningAreas...........................223.2.2Second-Run.. . . .. ... .. .. ... . . .. . . ... . ... .... . . .. .. .22cE/(-~73.2.2.13.2.2.2MainChannelEscapements••.•..•••••...•••SpawningAreas.c~~iv2232
1.(--~E--'"'/ij1.~E=TABLEOFCONTENTS(Continued)~3~Page3.3PinkSalmon..............................................333.3.1MainChannelEscapements..........................333.3.2SpawningAreas....................................433.4ChumSalmon..............................................473.4.1MainChannelEscapements..........................473.4.2SpawningAreas·.......................513.5CohoSalmon..............................................593.5.1MainChannelEscapements..........................593.5.2Fecundi~.........................................663.5.3SpawningAreas....................................664.0ACKNOWLEDGEME·NTS••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••II.............715.0LITERATURECITED..............................................726.0APPENDICES•••••••••••.••••.••••••e.............................74Appendix1.SusitnaRiverDrainageSalmonEscapementDataSummary,1951-1984(VolumeII)•.••••.••.•...A-lAppendix2.FishwheelDailyandCumulativeCatches,byStationCl••••••••••••••••••••A-173Appendix3.EscapementandTagRecoverySurveys••.•••.••.•.•.A-194Appendix4.StationLocationsandMiddleRiverSurveyAreasA-245Appendix5.MigrationalTimingBasedonCumulativeFishwheelCatchWeightedbyCPUE•......••.•••....A-253lLtDjL\)CE:v/v
/If'l1lJb~:If3113=#'40.E~~--ALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNAHYDROAQUATICSTUDIESREPORTSERIESrReportNo.14\TheMigrationandGrowthofJuvenileISalmonintheSusitnaRiver,1985.liIlAuthors:KentJ.Roth·DanialC.GravCo•If=)IIIIIII~...o......\~I:Q~~)I
Ir-'~-I~4Dl~4l\C····\""',~. =.•:coiALASKADEPARTMENTOFFISHANDGAMESUSITNARIVERAQUATICSTUDIESPROGRAMReportNo.14TheMigrationandGrowthofJuvenileSalmonintheSusitnaRiver,1985.Authors:KentJ.RothDanialC.GrayJamesW.AndersonAldenC.BlaneyJohnP.McDonell(-.-~-Preparedfor:AlaskaPowerAuthority701EastTudorRoadAnchorage,Alaska99519June1986ce/
r-TABLEOFCONTENTSPAGETABLEOFCONTENTS..................................................iLISTOFFIGURES....................................................ivLISTOFAPPENDIXFIGURES•••••.•..•.••••....••.•...••...••.....•....viiLISTOFTABLES.....................................................xiLISTOFAPPENDIXTABLES............................................xii1.0INTRODUCTION.•. ••••••••. •. •. . •. •. •. . ••••. •. . . . . . . ••. . . . ••••. •. 12.0METHODS•••••••••••••••.•••••..••.•.••••••••••.••••..•.••....•.32.1StudyLocations..32.1.1Stationarytraps..................................32.1.2Mobiletrap..........32.1.3Codedwiretagging................................32.1.4Coldbranding.....................................32.2FieldDataCollectionandRecording......................72.2.1.1FlathornStation...........................72.2.1.2TalkeetnaStation..........................86···".~:=j2.2.1Stationarytraps.7L...··.--.·.~'-2.2.2Mobiletrap~......................................82.2.3Codedwiretagging................................92~2.4Coldbranding.....................................92.3DataAnalysis............................................102.3.1Juvenilesalmoncatchperuniteffort.............102.3.2Populationestimates..............................113.0RESULTSANDDISCUSSION........................................123.1ChinookSalmon...........123.1.1Catchperuniteffort.............................123.1. 1.1Age0+.......................................g./ •3.1.1.2Agel+(3~tD~~;
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) ~~ ~") PAGE
3.1.2 Size ............................................. . 19
3 . 1. 2 . 1 Age 0+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3. 1. 2. 2 Age 1 +. . • • . . • • . . . • • . . . . . • . . . . . • . • • . . . . . . . . . 2 3
3.1.3 Mark-and-recapture................................ 23
3.1.3.1 Spatial and temporal distribution.......... 23
3.2 Coho Salmon.............................................. 26
3.2.1 Catch per unit effort............................. 26
3.2.1.1 Age 0+........ ... .......................... 26
3.2.1.2 Age 1+ and 2+.............................. 33
3.2.2 Size ........................... ~.................. 36
3.2.2.1 Age 0+..................................... 36
3.2.2.2 Age 1+ and 2+.............................. 36
3.2.3 Mark-and-recapture................................ 36 CJ 3.2.3.1 Spatial and temporal distribution.......... 36
3.3 Sockeye Salmon........................................... 39
3.3.1 Catch per unit effort............................. 39
3.3.1.1 Age 0+..................................... 39
3.3.1.2 Age 1+..................................... 41
3.3.2 Size.............................................. 45
3. 3. 2. 1 Age 0+. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3. 3. 2. 2 Age 1 +. • . • . • • . . • . • • • • • • • • • . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.3.3 Mark-and-recapture................................ 45
3.3.4 Population estimates.............................. 47
3. 4 Chum Sa 1 mon. . • . . • • . . . • . . . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • • • . . . • . . . . . 47
3.4.1 Catch per unit effort............................. 47
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
Size.............................................. 49
Mark-and-recapture................................ 49
Population estimates ............................ :_: jl
G~ ; ;
• • •
I ~-
c:_~
~J-,
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) PAGE
3.5 Pink Salmon.............................................. 51
3.5.1 Cat~per unit effort ..••••••.....•...•.......•...
......... __ .........
3.5.2 Size ..... ' ........................................ .
51
51
4.0 CONTRIBUTO~S.................................................. 54
5. 0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • . • • . • • • • • • • . • . 55
6. 0 LITERATURE CITED ..•••••••..•••••••••..••• -·...................... 56
7.0 APPENDICES.................................................... 58
Appendix A -Discharge, Temperature, and Turbidity
for Talkeetna and Flathorn Station~,
1985 •......•............... -:.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
Appendix B -Brand Symbols, Release Dates, and .
the Number of Fish Branded by Species
and Collection Site in the Middle
Reach of the Susitna River During
the Cold-Branding Program, 1984-1985~ •••••••••. B-1
Appendix C -Chum and Sockeye Salmon Cold-
Branding Experiment ••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.• C-1
Appendix D -Flathorn Station Juvenile Salmon
Catch Data, 1985 ••••••••••..••••••••..••••••... D-1
Appendix E -Length and Weight Relationship Data
for Juvenile Salmon, 1985 •.••••••••..•••••.•... E-1
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