HomeMy WebLinkAboutAPA4169Subtask 7.10
AQUATIC STUDIES PROCEDURES MANUAL
PHASE III -Draft
1983-84 (FY 84)
-by -
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies
2207 Spenard Road
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
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JAHS/Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION •••••••••••....•••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••
II. TECHNICAL PROCEDURES •••••••••••••••••••••.••••••..••••••••••
A.
B.
c.
Adult Anadromous Fisheries Studies •••••••••••••••••••••
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries Studies~ ••••
1. Study Description and Rationale
a. Resident Fish Studies
b. Juvenile Anadromous Fish Studies
(1) Abundance, outmigration,
timing, and survival
(2) Emergence and development
(3) Rearing habitat
c. Fish and Habitat Surveys Along the
Proposed Access/Transmission
Corridors
2. Field Data Collection Work Plans
a. Resident Fish Studies
b. Juvenile Anadromous Fish Studies
(1) Abundance, outmigration,
timing, and survival
(2) Emergence and development
(3) Rearing habitat
c. Fish and Habitat Surveys Along the
Proposed Access/Transmission
Corridors
Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Studies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
l ' D. Data Processing
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III. DATA PROCESSING
A.
B.
Adult Anadromous Fisheries Studies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries Studies
1. Resident Fish Studies
2. Juvenile Anadromous Fish Studies
a. Abundance, outmigration,
timing, and survival
b. Emergence and development
c. Rearing habitat
3. Fish and Habitat Surveys Along the
Proposed Access/Transmission
Corridors
C. Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Studies
1.
2.
IV. QUALITY CONTROL
A. Adult Anadromous Fisheries Studies
B. Resident_ and Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries Studies
C. Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Studies
D. Data Routing
V. REPORT SCHEDULE
VI. PERSONNEL
VII. LITERATURE CITED
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure B-1
Figure B-2
Figure B-3
Figure B-4
Figure B-5
Figure B-6
Figure B-7
Figure B-8
Figure B-9
Figure B-10
Figure B-11
Figure B-12
Figure B-13
Figure B-14
Figure B-15
Arrangement of grids and cells at a
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JAHS/List of Figures
resident fish preference study site ••••••••••••••
Map showing the locations of five
juvenile salmon coded wire tagging
sites and two downstream migrant traps
on the Susitna River, 1983 •••••••••••••••••••••••
Bottom profile of the Susitna River (RM 103.0)
at the downstream migrant trap sites •••••••••••••
Arrangements of transects, grids, and
cells at juvenile anadromous habitat
study (JAHS) sites .............................. .
Map showing the locations of the principal
Access and Transmission Corridor Study
sites ........................................... .
Susitna Hydro biological data form,
RJ 82-02 .•..•.•.......•...........•...•.•.•......
Susitna Hydro tag deployment data form,
RJ 82-03 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Susitna Hydro tag recapture data form,
RJ 82-04 •..•..........••.....•..•..•.•...........
Susitna Hydro opportunistic gear
catch data form~ RJ 82-05 ••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••
Electroshocking catch form, AA-82-03 •••••••••••••.
Aquatic habitat electrofish, summer
form, AH-107 .•..••••••..••...•.••••.......•.•.••.
Resident fish habitat and catch data form,
RJ 83-08 ••......•.•..•.••..•.•...••.....••.••....
S~sitna Hydro radio tag deployment
. data form, RJ 83-06 ................ e ••••••••••••••
Susitna Hydro resident fish radio
tracking data form, RJ 83-07 •••••••••••••.••••••••
Resident and Juvenile Anadromous
Studies (RJ) data transfer flow
chart (includes all RJ studies
except outmigrant studies and
access/transmission corridor
studies) ........................................ .
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JAHS/List of Figures
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure B-16
Figure B-17
Figure B-18
Figure B-19
Figure B-20
Figure B-21
Figure B-22
Data transfer flow chart for
outmigrant studies at the downstream
migrant traps ••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
JAHS habitat and catch data form, RJ 83-01. •••••••
JAHS site map form, RJ 83-03 ••••••••••••••••••••••
Juvenile Anadromous Habitat study
(JAHS) data analysis flow chart •••••••••••••••••••
Susitna Hydro corridor studies,
catch and biological data form, RJ 83-04 ••••••••••
Susitna Hydro corridor studies tagging/
recapture data form, RJ 83-05 •••••.•••••••••••••••
Susitna Hydro corridor studies -
aquatic habitat data form, AH-IMP 83-01. ••••••••••
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LIST OF TABLES
Table B-1
Table B-2
Table B-3
Table B-4
Resident fish study sites on the
Susitna River between the Chulitna
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River confluence and Devil Canyon ••••••••••••••••
Summary of emergence and development
study activities, August, 1983
through April, 1984 .....•........•...............
Juvenile Anadromous Habitat Study
(JAHS) sites on the Susitna River
between the Chulitna River confluence
and Devil Canyon, July, 1983 through
June, 1984 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Juvenile Anadromous Habitat Study
(JAHS) sampling and activity schedule,
May, 1983 through June, 1984 •••••••••••••••• ~ ••••
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix B-1
Appendix B-2
Instructions for completing Juvenile
Anadromous Habitat Study (JAHS) sampling
forms and field data notes ••••••••••••••••••••.••
Operational procedures for the Epson
HX-20 microcomputer data form program ••••••••••••
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I. INTRODUCTION
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The Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fish Studies (RJ) are directed
toward accomplishing the general objectives described in 1979 by the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game for the Susitna Hydroelectric
Project. These objectives are stated below:
A. Define seasonal distribution and relative abundance of
resident and juvenile anadromous fish in the Susitna River
between Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon.
B. Characterize the seasonal habitat requirements of selected
anadromous and resident species within the study area.
The Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries Studies began in November
of 1980 and will continue through the licensing process. From the onset
of these studies, general surveys of the lower Susitna River mainstem
and associated habitats, and the portions of the upper Susitna River
basin to be inundated by the proposed impoundments, have been conducted.
During the winter of 1981, and the spring and summer of 1982, the
studies have been concentrated on those areas that may be most severely
affected by the development of the Susitna Hydroelectric Project.
The primary purpose of the RJ studies was to address the distribution
and abundance of resident and juveni 1 e anadromous fish (Objective A).
During the 1982 summer investigations, the studies concentrated on
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JAHS/Introduction
developing more information on habitat relationships of rearing resident )"
and juvenile anadromous species that may be affected by the Susitna
Hydroelectric Project (Objective B).
Amended studies proposed for the 1983-84 season address geograph i ca 1
areas where data have not previously been collected and provide a more
direct and focused effort on habitat and rearing relationships of the
juvenile anadromous species and selected resident species of importance.
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II. TECHNICAL PROCEDURES
A. ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
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B. RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
1. Study Description and Rationale
a. Resident Fish Studies
(1) Habitat and population data
(a) Sub-objectives
Quantify the important habitat parameters associated with spaWning and
rearing (growth) of selected resident fish species and measure fish
density in spawning and rearing habitats to provide an estimate of
habitat quality.
(b) Rationale
Habitat conditions in the mainstem Susitna River between the Chulitna
River confluence and Devil Canyon will be altered by the regulation of
discharge from the proposed hydroelectric dams upstream. Several
species of resident fish are currently harvested by sport fishermen in
this reach of the Susitna River. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and
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burbot (Lata lata) are the most sought after resident species (Mills, ~·
1983).
Our investigations indicate that burbot are widely distributed in the
mainstem Susitna River, while rainbow trout are more closely associated
with tributary mouths. Catch data indicate that burbot largely avoid
clear water areas during the open water season. An evaluation of the
suitability of the mainstem Susitna River for burbot under post-project
conditions can be made by comparing post-project turbidity data and
hydraulic conditions with the data on the habitat conditions used by the
species under pre-project conditions.
The resident fish studies will address the following questions:
0 How wi 11 the rainbow trout population respond to ·decreased
turbidity and altered post-project mainstem discharges?
o What is the current population of burbot in the mainstem
Susitna River and what will their response be to altered
turbidity and discharge under post project conditions?
(c) Field study design
i. Definition of the problem
The resident fish studies conducted during 1981 and 1982 on the Susitna
River between Devil Canyon and the Chulitna confluence provided
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information on the general distribution of the resident fish species, l
their relative abundance, and macro-habitat preference. Most of the
data collection sites were located near the confluences of clear water
tributaries or in sloughs, although mainstem and sidechannel habitat
sites were also sampled. Data collected in 1981 and 1982 provides a
general description of the distribution of resident fish; however,
further quantification of their micro-habitat and populations is
desirable.
Studies done in 1981 and 1982 did not included clear water tributary
habitat and consequently have not allowed any comparison of use or
distribution of the species among habitats influenced by the mainstem
Susitna discharge and the habitats not affected by the mainstem. To
properly assess impacts to or enhancement potential of resident species,
it is necessary to determine the portion of their life cycles. in which
they are associated with mainstem habitats. To estimate resident fish
habitat conditions under altered mainstem Susitna River flow regimes it
is necessary to develop physical habitat criteria using all utilized
habitats. These data can then be used to estimate the suitability of
unoccupied habitats in areas influenced by the mainstem under
alternative flows. These areas are being evaluated by the ADF&G
Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Study Group to apply the data can be
applied to the physical habitat models being assembled.
It is necessary to establish population index areas for the primary
resident species of interest. These areas can be repetitively sampled
to provide indicators of the response of resident fish populations to
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annual changes in habitat, and provide the basis for measuring responses '
of the populations to altered habitat conditions after the hydroelectric
dams are operating.
The following questions are the primary items being addressed by the
Resident Fish Studies:
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What proportion of the primary resident species populations
currently use the mainstem Susitna and adjacent habitats and
what is the timing of this use?
What are the current populations-in selected index areas of
the primary resident species?
What are the physical and biological environmental factors
that determine the distribution and abundance of resident fish
species in this portion of the Susitna Basin?
Although answers to all of these questions would be desirable so that an
accurate quantitative prediction of the Susitna Hydroelectric Project
impacts can be made, complete answers are not possible because of
cost limitations _and the length of study time necessary to provide
complete answers. However, our previous studies (ADF&G 1983a) suggest
certain hypotheses as to possible answers to these questions. The study
design proposed attempts to test these ideas.
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ii •. Hypotheses to be tested
Because of the correlative nature of impact studies, specific hypotheses
that can be experimentally tested under 1 aboratory conditions are not
possible in field studies of this type. Rather, it is necessary to
evaluate the validity of the hypotheses by correlations and inference.
The following are some of the specific hypothesis that will be addressed
by the proposed study design.
0 Rainbow trout abundance is limited by available spawning
habitat with successful rearing attributable to clear water
tributaries with mainstem areas primarily being used for
migration and overwintering.
o Burbot abundance is restricted to 1 i ght-1 imi ted environments
and are closely associated with mainstem Susitna turbidity.
o Mainstem habitat conditions limit production of resident
species because of unstable flows, turbidity, and consequent
limited food production.
0 Potentiql production in the mainstem and sidechannels for the
primary resident species is predicated on turbidity, depth,
and velocities available during the summer rearing months.
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iii. Analytical approach
To test these hypotheses, the following analytical approach is planned.
o The rearing period of the 1 i fe eye 1 e wi 11 be ex ami ned for
rainbow trout and burbot by monitoring macro-habitat
conditions used by radio-tagged adults and the location of
fish captured by other means. This data will be the basis for
determining the timing and the proportion of the populations
in this reach of river that utilize the habitats affected by
the mainstem Susitna River.
o Micro-habitat utilization and preference will be evaluated by
comparing catch per unit effort or population density
values associated with the available habitat conditions.
o Population index areas will be established to compare annual
changes and variations in fish population densities.
o The effects of instream flow incremental changes on physical
habitat will be used in concert with the micro-habitat
criteria to estimate the effects of flow variation on the
species being studied.
Specific analytical methods will be further defined in the data analysis
section of this manual.
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b. Juvenile Anadromous Fish Studies
(1) Abundance, outmigration, timing, and survival
(a) Sub-objectives
Estimate the total number of sockeye and chum salmon outmigrants and
their survival and provide an estimate of the relative abundance of
pink, chinook, and coho salmon juveniles outmigrating from the Susitna
River above the Chulitna River confluence.
(b) Rationale
The relative abundance of all species of salmon juveniles in the Susitna
River has been determined by the operation of a downstream migrant trap
during the 1982 open water season. Because pink and chum juvenile
salmon outmigrated before the trap was in place, limited information on
these and on the early outmigration rates of other salmon species was
accrued. To determine the stimuli that trigger the outmigration of
juvenile salmon in the Susitna River; further data are necessary on the
timing and rates of outmigration.
A pilot program was initiated during the spring of 1983 to determine the
feasibility of obtaining population estimates of juvenile sockeye and
chum salmon by mark and recapture methodology at six selected sloughs.
The entire drainage production wi 11 a 1 so be estimated by recovery of
marked fish at two downstream migrant traps. By comparing egg
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
l production for sockeye and chum. with juvenile outmigration numbers,
survival can be estimated for the freshwater life phase of these species
of salmon in the Susitna River above the Chulitna River confluence.
These data can then be used to correlate the survival versus the habitat
conditions experienced at the individual sloughs which have been
monitored over the past season, and will provide an indication of
contribution that these sloughs make to the overall production of chum
and sockeye salmon juveniles in this reach of river.
The low flow year experienced during 1982 provides a unique opportunity
to assess the effect of these low flow conditions on overall survival in
the Susitna River drainage above the Chul-itna confluence. The coded
wire tags will provide the opportunity to monitor the returning adult
salmon for survival throughout one entire life cycle of sockeye and chum
salmon.
The coded wire tag program wi 11 a 1 so add to the understanding of the
importance of sockeye salmon in the Susitna River from the Chulitna
River confluence to Devil Canyon. Available data suggests that limited
sockeye rearing occurs in this reach (ADF&G 1983a). Although not an
integral part of the study, the option will remain open for further
adult salmon tag recovery work to provide definitive evidence concerning
the contribution that sloughs provide to the overall production of
salmon in the system. Depending upon the results of the 1983 program,
the option is ava i 1 ab 1 e to continue the study during the 1984 spring
period, and provide a comparison of survival under different habitat
conditions and escapement that will probably occur.
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(c) Field study design
i. Definition of the problem
The study design described in this section addresses only the open water
portion of the field season for juvenile rearing chum, sockeye, chinook,
and coho salmon. Observations of the timing and distribution of
juvenile anadromous species in the Susitna River between the Chulitna
River confluence and Devil Canyon, have been compiled since the winter
of 1980. These data have suggested certain trends and hypotheses
regarding the timing and distribution of these species but have provided
limited information on the populations and quantification of the
populations of juvenile fish as they are primarily based on catch per
unit effort which are dependent upon the habitat types sampled and gear
types used.
The data from the following work plan will provide a baseline data set
to use to determine mitigation requirements, timing of flow or discharge
releases necessary to maintain existing rearing stocks, and the ability
to monitor survival of existing stocks as a function of natural annual
changes in discharge. Although habitat models are to be used to
estimate habitat response to discharge, the only true test of the models
is to provide measurements of the survival of juvenile salmon under
variable discharge conditions. Therefore, the problems to be addressed
include the following:
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What are the current numbers of salmon outmigrants?
o What is the survival from egg to outmigrant and what is the
condition of the outmigrants under current environmental
conditions?
o What are the outmigrant timing windows and consequently length
of rearing residence time for chinook, coho, sockeye, and chum
salmon and how do these timing windows respond to discharge?
o Of the major habitat types identified, what is the
contribution of the particular · habitat areas to juvenile
salmon production?
Although answering all of these questions for all species -would be
desirable, only part of them can be addressed with available resources.
Based on previous observations and experience, the 1983 field program
will be designed to collect data necessary to further our understanding
of the basic biology of juvenile salmon in the system. This program
will provide initial data that can be used to test, over the long term,
specific hypotheses about the relationship of mainstem discharge to the
survival and consequent production of salmon during their freshwater
residence in the Chulitna River confluence to Devil Canyon reach of the
Susitna River.
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i i. . Hypotheses to be tested
The monitoring of outmigrants and the determination of outmigrant timing
and survival does not lend itself to short term hypotheses testing
methods commonly used in experimental biology. These data products have
their most immediate use in the support of other analytical studies,
such as determining the timing windows of necessary downstream
discharges, determining the populations that will be affected by flow
regulation on the river, and determination of short term flow variations
and other environmental conditions on survival. These products will be
further defined under the 11 Analytical Approach 11 section that follows.
However, specific hypotheses that can be tested by use of these data
sets on the long term, are applicable to this program. The following
are examples of the types of hypotheses that can be resolved with longer
term data collection coupled with continued monitoring of adult escape-
ment and habitat parameters in the system.
o Annual survival of outmigrant sockeye and chum salmon from egg
to juveni 1 e is dependent upon discharge-determined habitat
conditions during the spawning and incubation stages of their
life cycle in sloughs and sidechannel habitats associated with
the mainstem Susitna River.
0 The condition (growth) of the outmigrant sockeye, chum,
chinook, and coho salmon juveniles i~ independent of mainstem
discharge effects on rearing habitat.
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0 The redistribution and length of rearing of juvenile sockeye,
chum, chinook, and coho salmon is dependent upon the mainstem
discharge effects on available habitat.
To effectively test these hypotheses, severa 1 years of data will be
required. However, short term phenomena, such as high water peaks,
coupled with analysis of available habitat by use of physical habitat
models, and the collection of fish distribution data at the various
macro-habitat sites affected by the mai nstem discharge changes, should
pro vi de an i ni ti a 1 test as to the va 1 i dity of these hypotheses. In
addition to the juvenile salmon, the data base collected on juvenile
resident species will provide an insight as to the effects of discharge
on the migration and redistribution of resident fish species.
iii. Analytical approach
The following analytical approach will be used to address the previous
questions and hypotheses. The analysis will include:
o The relative abundance of outmigrants of all species over
time.
o The proportion of the population and the_ length of time the
populations of juvenile salmon rear in the reach of river
being examined.
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The 1982 brood year outmigrant populations of sockeye and chum
salmon.
o The survival of 1982 brood year sockeye and chum salmon during
the portion of their freshwater life cycle spent above the
outmigrant trap.
o Correlations of the outmigrant timing, survival, and growth
with mainstem discharge habitat conditions and other habitat
or other variables.
o Preliminary data and analysis of ·the contribution of selected
sloughs to the outmigrant populations and relative survival
estimates from these sloughs.
Based on these ana lyses, the support for the hypotheses and questions
previously listed will be discussed and evaluated. These data can then
be used by other investigators to provide timing for downstream flow
releases, to provide different weights or relative values on the
different species for a given time period, and to assess the validity of
the instream flow habitat analysis being undertaken.
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(2) Emergence and development
(a) Sub-objective
Determine emergence timing and rates of embryonic development under the
natural variable conditions that occur in mainstem, slough, and
tributary sites in the Susitna River above the Chulitna River confluence
for pink, coho, and chinook salmon. Complete the monitoring activities
on chum and sockeye salmon development rates initiated during the winter
of 1982-1983.
(b) Rationale
To determine if the post-project conditions will be sufficiently altered
to allow spawning by chinook, pink, and coho salmon in the· mainstem
Susitna River, data on habitat conditions currently experienced by these
species in side sloughs and tributaries are needed. Limited use of the
mainstem for spawning by all of these species suggest that conditions in
the tributaries more closely reflect the conditions necessary for
successful reproduction of these species. By testing the hypothesis:
The mainstem and slough substrate and/or temperatures limit the
reproduction of these species at these sites; the study will suggest
whether or not post-project mainstem conditions have the potential to
provide alternative spawning habitat. The data analysis will be limited
to testing the previous hypothesis and to correlating development rates
and observed mortality to habitat conditions such as temperature and
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substrate. An assessment of 1 ate fa 11 floods wi 11 a 1 so be eva 1 uated
to determine their effects on egg survival. Data collected during the
1982-83 winter on pre-emergent sockeye and chum salmon have provided
useful information on factors (such as intragravel temperatures) which
may have major· influences on survival within a slough environment.
Because of the significance of these findings on possible winter
post-project operations, a further refinement of the data for sockeye
and chum in the slough environment is warranted.
(c) Field study design
i. Definition of the problem
The distribution of adult salmon spawning areas in the upper Susitna
River indicates that each species segregates into specific· areas of
macro-and micro-habitat. Chinook and coho spawn almost exclusively in
tributaries, pink predominately in tributaries with some slough
spawning, chum in both sloughs and tributaries in addition to
mainstem/sidechannel areas, and sockeye, exclusively in sloughs. This
di stri but ion pattern sugg_ests that vari ab 1 e en vi ronmenta 1 parameters
among these habitat sites may contribute to the selection of the
different species .with regard to macro-habitat types.
Hnder post-project conditions, the therma 1 properties of the mainstem
are speculated to be significantly different from the current
conditions although multiple outlet ports in the dam may provide the
ability to regulate downstream temperatures. To determine desirable
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incubation temperatures for all five species of salmon, it is necessary ,.
to develop a data set indicating the development rate and the associated
thermal regimes under natural conditions. These data may then be used
to determine potential adverse conditions as well as potentials for
enhancement of spawning conditions in the mainstem and sidechannels of
the Susitna River under alternative thermal regimes created by release
of water from the reservoirs.
Investigations by ADF&G and parallel U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
laboratory studies of the thermal requirements of chum and sockeye
spawning in the sloughs have been conducted. Although these data
provide a basis for estimating the impacts of altered downstream thermal
conditions on these species, data for the tributary spawning chum
salmon, chinook, coho, and pink salmon have not been developed.
The primary focus of the 1983-84 winter studies on juvenile salmon
incubation in the Susitna River address the following questions:
o What are the baseline intragravel temperatures at sites
currently used by tributary spawning salmon in the Susitna
River between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon?
o What are the baseline development rates of incubating eggs and
developing alevins under current tributary thermal regimes?
o How do these rates compare with the species or populations
currently using slough or sidechannels for spawning?
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Our answers to these questions can then be used by other investigators
to determine the limitations or affects of altered mainstem thermal
regimes on all five salmon species. This analysis can then be used to
estimate, for thermal requirements only, the impacts of the
hydroelectric project on habitats influenced by mainstem Susitna water.
The analysis can also be used to estimate the mitigation potential of
the post-project thermal regime.
ii. Hypotheses to be tested
To answer the previous questions, we propose the following hypotheses on
the importance of temperature with regard to its effects on distribution
and the success of salmon egg incubation in the Susitna River basin
areas under study.
o Sockeye and chum salmon embryos survive in the Susitna River
because of their ability to tolerate cold (near 4°C)
temperatures of sloughs or tributaries during their .initial
development stages and can successfully incubate and develop
in water of a constant temperature.
This hypotheses suggests that tributary chum spawners, as well
as sockeye and chum slough spawners, key on upwelling water
that is initially colder but warmer throughout the remainder
of the development period, when compared with other species.
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o Sockeye salmon are limited to spawning in upwelling areas in
sloughs and are unable to exploit tributary areas because of
other unknown and undefined limits on their life cycle.
o Chinook salmon require warmer initial temperatures for
successful incubation and therefore spawn in tributaries
rather than sloughs because of the cold temperatures
associated with ground water upwelling in sloughs.
o Coho salmon are limited in selection of spawning areas because
of non-thermal factors associated with their development.
o Pink salmon require initial warmer temperatures (tributary
habitats) to successfully spawn and slough spawners are strays
or relatively less successful in completing incubation in
these habitat types.
Because the study wi 11 address only therma 1 requirements and associ a ted
development rates, the ability to test the hypotheses related to
non-thermal effects is limited. However, data collected by other study
components should be of value in addressing the validity of these
hypotheses as we 11..
iii. Analytical approach
To test the validity of the above hypotheses and address the questions
raised, the following analytical components will be completed. The
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hypotheses proposed are not directly testable by analytical means .-
because of the nature of this type of data. Instead the hypotheses must
be addressed by correlations and examining other data sets which address
other habitat parameters. The suitability of spawning habitat may often
be limited by other habitat components, even if thermal data analysis
does not suggest that temperature limits the spawning habitat of these
species.
The following are specific analysis which will be completed on the field
data sets to be collected:
o Calculate the thermal units associated with developmental
stage of chinook, coho, chum and pink salmon spawning in the
Susitna River tributaries.
o Compare the intragravel and surface temperatures of tributary
spawning habitats among the species and with slough spawning
areas.
o Evaluate the hypothetical effects of alternative mainstem,
sidechannel and slough intragravel and surface temperatures on
the development rates of each of the species.
These analysis will then be used to discuss the validity of the
hypotheses when compared with other types of habitat data collected on
other study components for the species in question and from the
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literature. This discussion will address the validity of using thermal
analysis in projecting available spawning_ habitat in the mainstem river
if the thermal regime changes after the system is regulated.
(3) Rearing habitat
(a) Sub-objectives
Determine the relationship of juvenile salmon distribution to hydraulic
parameters, temperature, turbidity, and cover at selected study sites
that will provide a representative sample of mainstem, slough and clear
water tributary rearing habitat in the study area.
(b) Rationale
Because post-project turbidity, temperature, and discharge will be
substantially different from pre-project conditions, we are proposing to
continue our evaluation of the effect of these changes on the abi.lity of
juvenile salmon to successfully rear in the Susitna River drainage. The
key parameters that affect the successful rearing of the juvenile salmon
are hypothesized as being different for each of the five salmon species
that occur in this reach of river. For juvenile chum salmon the
hypothesized parameters include water velocity, available cover, and
access. The same factors are hypothesized for sockeye juveniles, plus
the development of plankton populations. Pink salmon juveniles require
adequate water for passage out of the natal area. Coho and chinook
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rearing requirements may differ by age class. Adequate cover and food )"
are considered to be main factors for these species, with passage into
sloughs and other backwater rearing areas also being important. Food
studies are not included in this study plan.
Study sites are being selected with specific study field designs that
~
will provide an ability to test the above hypotheses to determine
important factors which influence the distribution of juvenile salmon.
If a factor or combination of factors is found to be important in
determining the distribution of the fish species present, an evaluation
of the response of the factor to mainstem discharge or temperature
changes will be undertaken.
(c) Field study design
i. Definition of the problem
All five species of Pacific salmon spawn in the reach of the .susitna
River between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon. With the
exception of pink salmon, substantial freshwater rearing and growth
occur in this reach of the river during the juvenile portion of their
life cycle. The. data collected during 1981 and 1982 indicate the
general distribution patterns of these species and their habitat
utilization. The 1982 studies also investigated the response of
selected macro-habitat areas to mainstem discharge changes. This study
demonstrated species differences in the use of 11 hydraulic zones 11 • These
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zones were subsections of the slough and tributary mouth areas that were
affected by backwater of the mainstem Susitna River, mixing areas of the
mainstem with slough or tributary flow, and free-flowing tributary or
slough water above the backwater zone. The surface area of these zones,
as a function of discharge, was analyzed using the relative use of the
zones by each of the juvenile salmon species. This analysis provided an
incremental index of habitat availability for each species as a function
of mainstem discharge. "Habitat", in this case, was defined as
different hydraulic zones. This analysis provided an initial indication
of the effects of discharge changes on macro-habitat areas under the
range of flows investigated. During the course of this study,
observations of the distribution of juvenile salmon suggested certain
micro-habitat parameters within the zones studies may respond to
discharge changes at a higher rate than the responses of zone
surface areas that were being evaluated. These micro-habitat factors
include cover and turbidity, with depth and velocity having a somewhat
lesser importance. Evaluation of this hypotheses will require a
substantial change in the study design for 1983. The numbers of
habitats to be examined will need to be limited to available resources
as the revised methods require more intensive study at each of the
sites.
ii. Hypotheses to be tested
Based on 1981 and 1982 studies, the following hypotheses are proposed
for evaluation during the 1983 open water field season Juvenile
Anadromous Study program:
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o Juvenile chinook, coho, chum, and sockeye salmon use of;·
habitat is correlated to micro-habitat parameters such as
turbidity, velocity, depth, and cover.
o Variations in these micro-habitat parameters caused by changes
in mainstem discharge have a significant influence on the
distribution of juvenile salmon.
As with other study components, strict analytical testing of the above
hypotheses is not possible because of the correlative nature of the data
base being collected. The analytical approach will address these
hypotheses by inference from the data set. -
iii. Analytical approach
Preference curves will be developed for all juvenile salmon species
(except non-rearing pink salmon) by examining frequency curves of
habitat availability and use of each habitat parameter by juvenile
salmon at all sites. Interactions between parameters may be considered
in the development of the curves.
Hydraulic models of sites in three sloughs and four side-channels are
being developed for use in determining the response of spawning salmon
habitat to discharge. These study sites can also be used to evaluate
juvenile salmon and resident fish habitat. Six additional sites will
also be used to determine the response of juvenile salmon rearing
habitat to mainstem discharge without the use of a hydraulic model.
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Evaluation of the habitat at these last six sites will be conducted with
a regression analysis of available cover and wetted area over variable
discharges of the mainstem Susitna River. This analysis requires much
less field data collection and analysis and will complement the
hydraulic models implemented at the other sites.
Study sites selected will represent the major macro-habitat types that
are affected by mainstem discharge. These habitat types will be
mapped and the tota 1 area of each habitat type in this reach wi 11 be
ca 1 cul a ted by a different study component undertaken by Trihey and
Associates.
One of the problems encountered with conducting instream flow studies
and development of the impacts of ·incremental flows involves the
assignment of flows during different time periods that will affect life
cycle stages of the different species in different ways. The method
developed by Bovee (1982) involved projection of habitat ratios, based
on density information on the life cycles of a particular species .• This
requires a data base not obtainable in the Susitna River.
To address the problem of determining instream flows for different
portions of the life cycles, an alternative approach can be used in the
Susitna studies. Because such habitat ratio information is not
available, other techniques must be found. One method could be based on
timing of the species movements. Adult salmon have a short period of
residency in fresh water and the timing of flow requirements for adult
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salmon is much shorter than an equivalent timing for adults of resident
species. This timing window also overlaps with the rearing of juvenile
chinook, coho, and sockeye salmon in the river. The data base obtained
on juvenile rearing will allow estimates of the relative proportion of
the populations that will be influenced by mainstem flows during this
period of overlapping flow requirements. These data can be used by
other investigators to assess the importance of the juveniles versus the
adult spawners during this period of time.
The analytical approach will include the following items:
o Determine the timing' and relative use of macro-habitat areas
by each of the juvenile salmon species over time.
o Determine physicaL habitat criteria for use of cove·r, depth,
velocity, and turbidity for each of the species for various
0
timing windows of their use of macro-habitat areas associated
with the mainstem Susitna River.
Project changes in the micro-habitat parameters of wetted
areas and cover for six study sites located within
macro-habitat areas associated with the mainstem Susitna River
by regression analysis over the range of mainstem flows
measured during the 1983 open water season.
o Project changes in the micro-habitat parameters of ve 1 oci ty,
depth, cover, substrate, and turbidity at three sloughs and
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four sidechannels sites by use of habitat simulation models ,.
(to be camp 1 eted by the Aquatic Habitat and In stream Flow
component of the studies).
Project incrementally available habitat over the range of
mainstem flows for sites studied under the two previous items
listed above for those physical parameters that have
significant positive correlation with the distribution of
fish. Test projected habitat values with fish distribution
data collected.
Plot the habitat available versus discharge for each of the
study sites for each of the rearing salmon species.
c. Fish and Habitat Surveys Along the Proposed Access/
Transmission Corridors
(1) Sub-Objectives
Inventory the resident fish species in the streams and lakes within and
adjacent to the proposed access and transmission corridors. Collect
baseline aquatic .habitat data to document the physical and chemical
characteristics of streams and lakes within and adjacent to the proposed
access and transmission corridor routes.
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(2) Rationale·
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Estab 1 i shment of construction camps and deve 1 opment of the access and
transmission corridors will have an impact on many of the adjacent lakes
and streams both during and after development. By providing information
on the resident fish populations and their habitat requirements in areas
that may be affected by road crossings, camp construction, borrow areas,
and a major increase in sport fishing pressure, impact analysis can be
made and appropriate mitigation activities planned.
Arctic grayling and lake trout are the two major sport fish in the
proposed 'study area. Access to the area will allow a substantial
increase in sport fishing pressure on fish populations that have been
virtually unexploited due to the inaccessibility of the area.
The Deadman Lake and Deadman Creek system, which is adjacent to the
proposed access road for approximately 10 miles, is one of the few
trophy sport fishing areas for Arctic grayling in interior Alaska.
Because of the importance of this stock of Arctic grayling it is
necessary to document the present abundance and biological structure of
the species in the area to use as a basis to predict the impacts of
increased fishing pressure and increased harvests.
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(3) Field study design
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(a) Definition of the problem
Survey work conducted in the Deadman Creek and Lake system during 1982
suggested the population of Arctic grayling and lake trout may be of
above average importance to the sport fishery because of the compara-
tively large size of the fish in this drainage. Because this drainage
is now separated from the mainstem Susitna River by a waterfall, the
population may be subjected to influences not found in tributaries
without barriers to the mainstem Susitna River. Because this drainage
, will be paralleled for much of its length by the proposed access road,
and because the inundation of the Deadman Creek falls by the impoundment
will allow movement of stocks from the mainstem Susitna River into the
drainage, there is a potential for substantial changes in the population
and the age/size structure.
The 1983 open water study is designed to answer the following questions:
0 What are the baseline fishery and aquatic habitat resources in
the streams to be crossed by the proposed access corridor?
o What are the populations of sport fish species found in
selected streams and lakes that will have substantially
improved access and consequently major increases in sport
fisheries?
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By answering these two questions, it may be possible to determine
the potential impacts of new sport fisheries at proposed access corridor
stream crossings and suggest management strategies to mitigate impacts
to areas where access is being enhanced by the development of the
project. Further analysis of the Arctic grayling population structure
in Deadman Creek may also determine the probable consequences of
inundation of the falls on this population.
(b) Hypotheses to be tested
In addition to· the presentation of descriptive baseline data, the
following hypotheses will be examined:
o The age/size distribution of Arctic grayling in the Deadman
Lake drainage is the result of low recruitment and, conse-
quently, reduced density-dependent mortality. The isolation
of this drainage from other systems limits recruitment by
reducing overwintering and juvenile rearing habitat.
o The population of lake trout in Deadman Lake is similarly
limited by recruitment.
o The population of grayling in the Deadman Creek drainage have
a very low maximum sustained yield because of the recruitment
limitations and as a consequence, the population will rapidly
decrease with small increases in sport fishery induced
morta 1 ity.
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Ideally, these hypotheses could be examined quantitatively by obtaining
population data for all age classes of Arctic grayling and lake trout.
In practice, obtaining quantitative data on the young age classes is not
practical with reasonable limits on expenditures, so certain assumptions
may have to be made, based on comparisons of density of catchable adults
and age class mortality observed in the older fish, and the limited
information that will be obtained on spawning a~d fecundity rates.
(c) Analytical approach
Analysis of the data will consist of the following:
o Report information on the fish species, size, and habitat
conditions in study sites on streams and lakes in the vicinity
of the access road and transmission corridors.
o Ca 1 cul ate population estimates for representative reaches of
lower Deadman Creek for Arctic grayling and population esti-
mates for the whitefish species and 1 ake trout of Deadman
Lake.
o Analyze. the population structure of the grayling and lake
trout in the Deadman drainage and model the effects of incre-
menta 1 increases in sport fishing induced morta 1 i ty on the
population structure. Project the maximum sustained yield for
alternative sport fish harvest management strategies.
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The last two descriptions above are dependent upon the quality of the
data base that is obtained using the methods described in the following
sections. The quality of such projections and estimates is dependent
upon the quality of the data base that can be obtained on age classes of
the fish being examined.
2. Field Data Collection Work Plans
a. Resident Fish Studies
A two man crew will take samples of resident fish on the Susitna River
between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon for habitat and
relative abundance studies, fish preference studies, population
estimates, and a radio telemetry-migrational study. River boats, fixed
wing aircraft and helicopters will be used for support. Sampling
methods to be used in this study are electrofishing, angling, trotlines,
gill nets, and hoop nets. During the open water season the crew will
operate out of tent camps 1 ocated on .the Susitna River at Ta.l keetna
Station and Gold Creek. After freeze-up radio tracking and sampling
will be conducted by aircraft out of Anchorage or Talkeetna.
. ( 1) Methods
(a) Habitat and Relative Abundance
Resident fish will be collected at mainstem and tributary sites with a
boat mounted electrofishing unit.
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All resident fish captured will be identified to species. Biological ,.
data (age, length, sex, and sexual maturity) will be collected as
defined in the 1982 procedures manual (ADF&G 1982).
The following habitat parameters will be collected at all resident fish
spawning sites, at all sites where radio tagged fish are located, and at
a select number of resident fish preference sites: water temperatures,
water depths, water velocities, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen,
pH, turbidity, intragravel temperatures, and substrate composition.
The tag recapture program to monitor the seasonal movements of adult
resident fish will be continued. In 1981, 1,550 adult resident fish
were tagged in the Susitna River between Cook Inlet and Devil Canyon
(ADF&G 1981a). During 1982, 3,118 adult resident fish were tagged in
the same reach (ADF&G 1983a). Tagging crews will. attempt to tag an
additional 3,000 resident fish during the 1983-1984 field season.
Flay anchor tags will be used to tag seven species of adult resident
fish. Species to be tagged are humpback whitefish, round whitefish,
burbot, longnose suckers, rainbow trout, Arctic grayling, and Dolly
Varden.
With the exception of burbot, all resident fish that appear to be
healthy after capture and have a fork length greater than 200
millimeters (mm) will be tagged. Burbot with a total length of 225 mm
or greater will be tagged.
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Fl oy anchor tags wi 11 be inserted between the 1 atera 1 1 i ne and the
posterior ray of the dorsal fin with a Floy tagging gun.
Tags will be recovered by the following means:
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Boat electrofishing crews
The angling public will be requested to return recovered tags
or report the tag number to the nearest office of the Alaska
Department of Fish and Game with information r~garding the
location and date of catch and if the fish was released with
the tag intact. The pub 1 i c wi 11 be informed of the tagging
' program by news release~ to the media, RJ Su Hydro staff, and
posters placed in conspicuous place frequented by anglers.
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Adult Anadromous fishwheel operations.
(b) Fish Preference Studies
Ten location£ will be designated as resident fish preference study
sites. Locations selected as resident fish preference sites were chosen
from sites that were reported to contain large numbers of resident fish
in 1982 (ADF&G 1983a).
Each resident fish preference site will be divided into one to three
grids. Grids will be located so that the water quality within them will
be as uniform as possible and so that the grids will encompass a variety
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of habitat types. Resident fish ·preference sites at tributary mouths
will be divided into three grids. At tributary mouths one grid will be
located in the mainstem Susitna River above the confluence of the
tributary, the second grid will be set up within or below the confluence
where the tributary is the primary water source, and the third grid will
be situated in the zone where the mainstem Susitna River and the
tributary waters are mixed (Figure B-1). Resident fish preference sites
located in the mainstem Susitna River, will have only one grid. Because
grids at resident fish preference sites are dependent upon specific
hydraulic characteristics, their locations can and will cha~ge from one
sampling trip to the next. Therefore the location of grids at each
resident fish preference site will be redetermined during each sampling
trip based on differences in turbidity and water chemistry readings.
Grids will be subdivided into cells. Each cell within a grid will
contain a specific habitat type (i.e. substrate, depth, cover). Cells
will be rectangular and the length and width of each cell will vary
according to the habitat parameters being studied within each cell.
The_ length boundaries of cells within each grid will be clearly marked
with orange flagging prior to sampling. The width boundaries of cells
within a grid will not be marked. Cell widths will be five feet or a
multiple of five feet depending on the habitat parameters involved.
Five feet was chosen as a standard cell width because it is the average
effective capture width of the electrofishing sampling equipment used.
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SLOUGH 21
SLOUGH 20
SLOUGH II
Figure B-2. Map showing the locations of five juvenile salmon coded
wire tagging sites and two downstream migrant traps on
the Susitna River, 1983.
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All resident fish collected will be identified to species. Age, length,
sex, maturity, and spawning condition data will be recorded as specified
in the 1981 and 1982 procedures manuals (ADF&G 1981; 1982). All healthy
adult resident fish will be Floy anchor tagged and released.
Microhabitat parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, specific conductance,
pH, turbidity water temperature, water velocity, and water depth) will
be recorded for each cell at Resident Fish Preference sites. However,
if the microhabitat parameters within a grid are relatively constant,
only one sample will be recorded to represent all cells within that
grid. Turbidity samples will be collected in 250 ml plastic bottles and
stored in a cool dark place until they are analyzed.
Substrate data will be collected in accordance with modified procedures
used by the Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Group at Habitat·Model and
Fisheries Data Collection sites (ADF&G 1982}.
Fisheries data at Resident Fish Preference study sites will be collected
with a Coffelt boat mounted electrofishing unit, Model VVP-3E powered by
a 2500 watt On an portab 1 e generator. A stop watch wi 11 be used to
record the time electrofished per cell. Procedures used for boat
electrofishing are described in the 1982 procedures manual (ADF&G 1982).
The mean depth of each study cell will be measured to the nearest tenth
of a foot with a topsetting weighing rod.
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The mean ve 1 oci ty of each ce 11 wi·ll be measured with a Price Mode 1 AA
velocity meter and the standard rating tables supplied with each meter.
Turbidity measurements will be recorded for each grid, immediately
following sample collection, using a HF Instrument turbidometer, Model
DRT-15.
Water quality measurements will be taken in each grid with a Hydrolab
multi parameter meter, Model 4001. These meters will be recalibrated
prior to each field sampling trip.
A 200 feet Leitz brand fiber-plastic surveyors tape or a calibrated
range finder will be used to make all length measurements.
(c) Population Estimates
Data for population estimates will be collected for the following
species of resident fish in the Susitna River between the Chulitna River
confluence and Devil Canyon: rainbow trout, Arctic grayling, .burbot,
round whitefish, and longnose suckers.
Rainbow trout population estimate data will be collected in Fourth of
July Creek using. hook and line sampling techniques. Hook and line
sampling will be repeated with the same gear and effort at least three
times at 24 hour intervals.
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Arctic grayling, round whitefish, and longnose sucker population
estimate data will be gathered using electrofishing gear. Sites
containing these species will be electrofished at least three times at
two hour intervals.
Burbot population estimate data will be collected using trotlines, hoop
nets, and fish traps as capture methods. These gear types will be set
and checked at least three times at 24 hour intervals.
Population estimates will be made using a multiple removal model (White
et al. 1982). This method entails plotting a regression of the fish
removal data, an estimate of the total population of each target species
of resident fish in a defined area of the Susitna Rive~ can be
determined.
The removal model requires that all captured fish be marked so that
recaptured fish can be identified and not counted on successive sampling
trips. Consequently, all captured resident fish over 200 millimeters in
length will be Flay anchor tagged and all fish under 200 millimeters
will have the tip of the upper caudal fin clipped.
To use the multiple removal model to generate population estimates the
capture probability must have a value of 0.2 or greater. The ratio
between recaptured and unmarked fish will be recorded at each site
during each sampling trip to calculate the capture probability. The
percentage of the tota 1 number of fish that are recaptured is the
capture probability for that species.
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To account for differences in capture probability for fish of different ,.
sizes, the data will be divided into two groups (lengths less than or
equal to 200 millimeters, and lengths greater than 200 millimeters) and
analyzed separately for all species.
(d) Radio Telemetry
During 1983-84, the resident fish studies crew will attempt to deploy 40
radio tags. Between May and October, 1983, radio tags will be implanted
in approximately 30 rainbow trout and 10 burbot in the Susitna River
between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon.
Tagging crews will radio tag healthy adult resident fish collected
within the proposed study area.
Tags to be implanted in rainbow trout during the 1983-84 radio telemetry
study are Advanced Telemetry Systems, Model 10-35. Smith Root model
4500L radio transmitters will be used to radio tag burbot.
The same procedures to surgically implant radio tags in resident fish
that were previously described in the 1982 procedures manual (ADF&G
1982) will be used in 1983.
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(2) Study Locations
(a) Habitat and Relative Abundance
Measurements
Most sites to be sampled by boat electrofishing crews will be selected
randomly and will include mainstem, sidechannel, slough, and tributary
mouth sites on the Susitna River between the Chulitna River confluence
and Devil Canyon. However, 12 habitat and relative abundance sites will
be sampled regularly to monitor seasonal trends in relative abundance of
resident fish (Table B-1).
Adult resident fish caught by fishwheels and the downstream migrant
traps will also be recorded to help evaluate trends· in relative
abundance and seasonal movements.
In May and early June, 1983, surveys will be conducted on upper Fourth
of July Creek, upper Indian River and upper Portage Creek to locate
rainbow trout spawning areas and document the time of spawning for this
species.
(b) Fish Preference Studies
Resident Fish Preference Studies will be conducted at 11 sites on the
Susitna River between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon
(Table B-1).
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
Table B-1. Resident fish study sites on the Susitna River between !"
the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon.
Fish
Habitat &
Relative Fish Population
Abundance Preference Estimate
Site River Mile Site Site Site/Reach
Whiskers Creek Slough -Mouth 101.2 X X
Slough 6A 112.3 X X
Lane Creek -Mouth 113.6 X X
Skull Creek -Mouth 124.7 X
Slough 8A 125.3 X X X
Susitna Mainstem 128.4-129.4 X
Susitna Sidechannel 131.0-131.8 X
Fourth of July Creek -Mouth 131.1 X X
Slough 11 135.3 X
Susitna Mainstem 137.2 X
Susitna Mainstem -West Bank 137.2-138.2 X X X
Indian River -Mouth 138.6 X X
Susitna Mainstem 138.9-140.1 X
Slough 20 -Mouth 140.1 X
Jack Long Creek -Mouth 144.5 X X X
Portage Creek -Mouth 148.8 X ·x
Susitna Mainstem -Eddy 150.1 X
TOTAL 12 11 6
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
(c) Population Estimates
Data for resident fish population estimates will be collected at 6 sites
on the Susitna River between the Chulitna River confluence and Devi 1
Canyon (Table B-1). These sites will include 1 slough, 1 sidechannel, 1
tributary mouths, and 3-one mile stretches of the mainstem Susitna River
in this reach.
Data for resident fish population estimates will also be collected at
selected sites in the upper reaches of Fourth of July Creek, Indian
River, and Portage Creek.
(d) Radio Telemetry
Selection of radio tagging sites in the mainstem Susitna between the
Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon will be based on resident
fish distribution data collected during the 1981 and 1982 open water
field season (ADF&G 1981a; 1983a). Rainbow trout which may be spawning
or rearing in the upper reaches of Fourth of July Creek, Indian River,
and Portage Creek will also be tagged.
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
(3) Schedule of Activities and Frequency of
Sampling
(a) Habitat.and Relative Abundance
Measurements
The open water field season will be divided into three time periods:
ice-out to June 30th, July 1st to August 30th, and September 1st to
freeze-up.
From ice-out to June 30th and from September 1st to freeze-up, empha~is
will be placed on capturing and tagging· as many resident fish as
possible, identifying and characterizing resident fish spawning habitat,
recording timing of resident fish spawning, and collecting adult resi-
dent fish for radio telemetry studies.
Between July 1st and August 30th, field crews will identify and charac-
terize rearing areas for juvenile and adult resident fish. During this
time, habitat preference data on resident fish will also be collected.
Point specific habitat data will be collected periodically between
September, 1983 and March, 1984 at sites where radio tagged fish are
rearing and/or spawning.
Winter sampling efforts will concentrate on determining the timing and
locations of burbot spawning on the Susitna River below Devil Canyon.
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
Based on 1982-1983 winter data (ADF&G 1983b), burbot sampling will be
conducted above and below the Chulitna River confluence once every two
weeks between January 15th and February 15th.
(b) Fish Preference Studies
Resident Fish Preference Study sites will be sampled at least once
between August and October, 1983 to provide baseline fisheries and
habitat data for preference curves to be used in conjunction with the
habitat models.
(c)· Population Estimates
Data for population estimates of Arctic grayling, rainbow trout, round
whitefish, and longnose suckers will be collected in July, 1983.
During August, 1983, population estimates of burbot in selected reaches
of the mainstem Susitna River will be attempted.
(d) Radio Telemetry
Two to three days during each sampling trip between May and October,
1983 will be allotted to the capture of and implanting of radio tags in
resident fish.
From May, 1983 to October, 1983, radio tracking surveys will be made
every 10 to 20 days by boat or fixed-wing aircraft. After freeze up
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
radio tracking will be conducted from fixed-wing aircraft, helicopter,
or snowmobile every 15 to 30 days until all of the radio tag batteries
have expired.
During the spring of 1984, attempts will be made to locate radio tagged
rainbow trout on their spawning grounds. During May and June, frequent
aerial surveys will be flown to locate and monitor movements of
potential spawners. When a tagged rainbow trout is suspected to be in a
spawning area, the site will be visited by helicopter to map the sites,
characterize the spawning habitat, and evaluate the relative spawning
maturity of other rainbow trout in the immediate vicinity of the radio
tagged fish.
From late June through mid August, 1983, similar techniques will be used
to identify summer rearing habitats of radio tagged fish.
In January, 1984, attempts will be made to recapture radio tagged fish
with gi 11 nets and trotl i nes. This wi 11 be done to 1 ocate and· define
the overwintering habitats of resident fish.
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
b. Juvenile Anadromous Fisheries Studies
(1) Abundance, outmigration, timing, and survival
(a) Methods
i. Coded Wire Tagging
A five man crew will conduct the coded wire tagging operation at
selected sites in the Susitna River above the Chulitna Rive~ confluence.
The crew will be based at the Gold Creek field station (RM 136.8)
and use· an 18 foot riverboat as the primary means of transportation.
Binary coded one-half length wire tags will be used in conjunction with
adipose fin clips to field mark post emergent sockeye and ch.um salmon
fry.
Coded wire tagging operations will take place at the individual col-
lection sites with equipment and personnel being transferred at the end
of each tagging period. However in the event of logistical or equipment
problems, the fish to be tagged will be transported from the collection
area to the Gal d Creek field station for tagging and will be returned to
the collection site for release following the tagging procedure.
The primary fisheries collection techniques will include beach seines
(both active and passive), dip nets, and backpack electrofishing units.
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One or more passive beach seines will be set at fixed locations across ,.
the lower end of the sampling location an~ fished as necessary during
the tagging period. The seines will be made from 3/16 inch or 1/4 inch
square mesh, four feet deep and 25 to 40 feet in length. Passive seines
will be checked periodically to collect fish and remove debris. All
captured fish will be removed by dipnet and placed in live boxes for
holding until the tagging operation. Active beach seining, dip netting,
and backpack electrofishing will supplement the passive seines at sites
where passive seining does not provide enough fish for the tagging
operation, or at those sites at which passive seines are not deployable.
The coded wire tagging equipment will be leased from Northwest Marine
Technology, Inc. (Shaw Island, Washington) and operated in accordance
with the manufacturer's instruction and operation manual. The equipment
to be based will be the NMT, Model MK2A tagging unit and' include the
following:
o Coded wire tag injector with 1/2 length tag capability
o Quality Control Device (QCD)
o Water pump
o Portable power supply
This equipment is field portable and includes a more compact prototype
of the standard quality control device.
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The one-half length tag capability is necessary due to the small size of ,.
the fish to be tagged. Susitna River chum salmon emerge at mean total
lengths of 40 mm and averaging 1,500 fish per pound, while sockeye
salmon were observed emerging at a mean total length of 32 mm and
averaging approximately 3,000 fish per pound. The small area of
cartilage in the snout of fish at this size for tag implantation does
not allow the use of full length tags.
The coded wire tags for the program are made from biologically inert
stainless steel wire which are capable of magnetic detection, and have a
continually repeating binary code etched into the wire which allows code
reading of recovered tags. Ha 1 f-1 ength ta.gs measure • 02 inches (. 533
mm) in length and .01 inches (.254 mm) in diameter.
A total of 68,000 one-half length coded wire tags consisting of ten
separate binary code groups, six code groups of 10,000 tags each, and
four code groups of 2,000 tags each, will be ordered for the program.
As many tag code groups as possible will be implanted, however only one
tag code being used at any given site during each collection and tagging
period. A tagging period will consist of one to six days of tagging per
site, depending on the availability of fish. At the completion of each
tagging period, a new tag code group will be used for the next site to
be sampled.
Up to three different tag code groups being implanted at any one site
during the entire program. A minimum of ten days wi 11 separate the
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
tagging periods of implantation and release of different tag code groups ,.
at the same site to minimize the recapture of previously tagged fish,
and to provide a clear separation between tagging periods from the same
site.
The coded wire tag implantation procedures will be similar to those
outlined by Moberly et al. (1977). Adjustments to these procedures will
be implemented as necessary by our particular field program.
At the end of the tagging day, a random sample of 100 tagged fish will
be collected from the holding tank and run through the QCD to determine
the percent tag retention. Tag mortality will be recorded the following
day. All tagged fish will be released at the capture site at the end of
each tagging period.
The necessary numbers of fish to be tagged of each species to provide
accurate population estimates will be calculated using the estimator
provided by Robson and Regier ( 1964). This will pro vi de a Petersen
estimate of population varying not more than 25 percent from the true
population in 95 percent of the trials. To establish the numbers of
marked fish necessary for accurate estimates, certain variables must be
predetermined. These are the adult escapement, male to female ratio of
adults, average fecundity, estimated survival from egg to fry, and the
estimated number of fish which will be recovered and examined for marks.
Adult salmon escapement and male to female ratio data from both the
Talkeetna and Curry fishwheels in 1982 will be used in the calculations.
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The data collected from the Curry site is suspected to provide more ,.
accurate estimates due to the large amount of milling activity reported
in the vicinity of the Talkeetna fishwheel site by fish ultimately bound
for the Chulitna and Talkeetna Rivers {ADF&G 1983). It has also been
observed during these past studies that almost all spawning of chum and
sockeye salmon in the upper Susitna River occurs in the reach between
Curry and Devil Canyon. Therefore fish comprising the escapement past
Curry are those which wi 11 make up the spawning populations in this
reach. Thus, the Curry data should be more indicative of the true
spawning escapement for this reach.
Chum salmon fecundity will be determined from Bird {1980), and sockeye
salmon fecundity will be taken from Thompson (1964). Egg to fry
survival is dependent on the interplay of many environmental factors
including temperature and dissolved oxygen and survival varies widely
under changing habitat conditions {Bjornn, 1968; Hunter, 1959; Mathison,
et a 1., 1962). Expected numbers of fish to be recovered and ex ami ned
for marks will be expanded from the results of the 1982 operation of the
downstream migrant trap and will take into consideration the deployment
of a second trap.
ii. Dye Marking
A separate study to test the feasibility of utilizing dyes to mark post
emergent fish will be tested. Bismark Brown dye will be used to mark
some of the juvenile salmon collected to determine dye retention and its
ability to be observed on recovered fish.
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
The dye will be used in conjunction with coded wire tagging as pilot ,.
study to determine the feasibility of providing population estimates of
sockeye and chum salmon fry for individual sites within the study area
using the multiple mark-recapture method outlined by Ricker (1975).
iii. Recovery of Marked and Unmarked Fish
A three man crew will recover coded wire tagged chum and sockeye salmon
juveniles with two downstream migrant traps located at the Talkeetna
Camp on the mainstem Susitna River (RM 103.0).
The downstream migrant traps have two polyethylene plastic modular
pontoons to float a welded steel lattice frame in which is mounted the
inclined plane and livebox. The steel infrastructure is covered by a
two-feet wide plywood deck surrounding a five by ten feet cent~r opening
for suspension of the inclined plane and 1 ivebox. A three-feet high
safety railing is attached to the rear of the trap. The entire trap
structure measures 10 by 17 feet.
The inclined plane is eight feet long with an entrance opening measuring
4.5 feet square and is covered by one-quarter inch galvanized hardware
cloth on the sides and bottom. Hand crank winches are used to adjust
the fishing depth and to raise the inclined plane for cleaning. The
1 ivebox is covered by one-eighth inch hardware cloth on the sides and
bottom, and is removable from the trap structure to accommodate cleaning
and retrieval of captured fish.
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The stationary inclined plane trap requires a river velocity of at least ,.
1.0 feet per second for successful operation. The mesh of the inclined
plane allows the major portion of the sampled water column to pass
through the screen while retaining the fish and the remaining water
which pass over a baffle and into the livebox. The trap will be secured
with a cable and rope attached to large trees upstream of the trap and
held off the bank by a boom log attached to the trap and shore.
Sampling of the trap catch will be done by lifting the livebox from its
fishing position and placing it to the rear of the deck. The incline is
then raised for cleaning using the hand crank winches. The livebox is
picked clean by hand and the above procedure is reversed to return the
trap to fishing mode.
Fishing depth and trap distance from shore will be adjusted to maximize
catches and minimize mortalities. Distance from shore is adjusted by
moving the attached boom log up or down the beach.
Additions and alternatives to the downstream migrant traps may be
implemented depending on their success in capturing coded wire tagged
fish. Wiers from shore to the traps may be added to divert more fish
into the traps and the traps may be held in mid channel for shorter
intervals using riverboats.
Untagged fish species expected to be caught by the downstream migrant
traps include juvenile chinook, coho, and pink salmon, round whitefish,
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
humpback whitefish, Arctic grayling, Dolly Varden, rainbow trout, slimy '"
sculpin, longnose sucker, three-spine stickleback, Arctic lamprey, and
burbot. All fish captured will be anesthetized using Tricane methane-
sulfonate (MS-222). Chum and sockeye salmon juveniles will be visually
checked for an adipose fin-clip which would indicate the presence of a
coded wire tag. Fin-clipped fish will be passed through a Northwest
Marine Technologies FSD-1 field sampling detector to audibly denote the
presence of a tag and then preserved for later tag analysis. All other
fish will be retained until anesthetic recovery is complete and then
released downstream of the traps to minimize the chance of recapture.
Three pieces of equipment will be used in the collection of the habitat
data at the downstream migrant traps. Turbidity samples will be
analyzed using an HF Instruments turbidimeter, Model DRT 15. A Hydrolab
multiparameter meter, Model 4041, will be used to collect water. tempera-
ture, pH, DO, and conductivity measurements. Water velocity at each
trap will be measured daily using a Marsh McBirney velocity meter, Model
201.
Secondary recovery operations will be conducted at the tagging sites
during periods of fish co 11 ecti on for tagging. Recoveries may a 1 so
occur during the sampling conducted by the Juvenile Anadromous Habitat
Studies (JAHS) crews at the survey sites.
Dependent on the future of the Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies, returning
adults may be observed for tags at the fishwheels and the specific
spawning sites.
(b) Study Lo.cations
-·"'..-•I PAGE 52 12/19/83, 1/1
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
i. Coded Wire Tagging
Sites of the coded wire tagging program will be selected from locations
where high density spawning has been documented (ADF&G 1983), and from
surveys of the availability of sufficient numbers of juvenile chum and
sockeye salmon for collection and tagging. Those locations which will
be surveyed as possible tagging sites are Sloughs 8A {RM 125.3), 9 {RM
129.2), 11 {RM 135.3), 20 {RM 140.1), and 21 {RM 142.0) {Figure B-1).
One tributary site on Indian River {RM 138.6) will also be surveyed as a
potential collection site.
ii. Dye Markin-g
Dye marking will be conducted at Slough 11 and Slough 21 on sockeye and
chum salmon juveniles.
iii. Recovery of Marked and Unmarked Fish
Two downstream migrant traps will be deployed on the Susitna River at
the Talkeetna base camp {RM 103.0) above the confluence of the Chulitna
River {Figure B-2). One trap will be set off the east bank and the
other off the west bank of the river. The east bank site is deep and
the bottom drops off qui~kly from shore. The west bank site is
relatively shallow and has a gradual gradient (Figure B-3).
SLOUGH 21
SLOUGH 20
SLOUGH II
Figure B-2. Map showing the locations of five juvenile salmon coded
wire tagging sites and two downstream migrant traps on
the Susitna River, 1983.
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East Bonk West.J!~~ ~------·-____________________ ---------
700 600 500 400 300 200 100
DISTANCE IN FEET
Figure B-3. Bottom profile of the Susitna River (RM 103.0) at the downstream migrant trap
sites. USGS preliminary data -37,348 cfs discharge on June 22, 1982.
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
(c) Schedule of Activities and Frequency of
Sampling
i. Coded Wire Tagging
Coded wire tags will be deployed on a continual basis from May 21
through June 19, 1983.
ii. Dye Marking
Dye marking will be conducted from May 22 through June 6, 1983.
iii. Recovery of Marked and Unmarked Fish
The downstream migrant traps will be deployed on May 18. They will be
operated periodically as river conditions permit until outgoing ice
clears sufficiently to allow safe operation on a full-time basis. The
traps will be operated as continuously thereafter until August 31 and on
a periodic basis from September 1 until freeze-up.
The traps will be monitored according to river conditions. Periods of
high discharge will require more frequent checks due to the associated
debris. Checks will be conducted at least twice daily in order to
collect captured fish and to clean the screens.
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(2) Emergence and Development
A two man crew wi 11 conduct emergent and development studies at Lane
Creek and Indian River from August, 1983 through April, 1984. The study
will use modified Whitlock-Vibert boxes as artificial redds to determine
the emergence timing and rate of embryonic development of chinook, chum,
and pink salmon alevin at the tributary sites. Sampling will be
conducted primarily from helicopters. The crew will operate out of the
town of Talkeetna.
(a) Methods
Surveys will be taken during the peak spawning periods for chinook,
chum, and pink salmon to identify and mark natural redds and locate
suitable sites for artificial redds.
Three emergence and development sites will be selected from existing
Adult Anadromous Study (AA) escapement survey sites. Selection of
emergence and development study sites on each tributary will be made in
the field. Prospective sites must be used by adult salmon for spawning
must be accessible and must be able to accommodate artificial redds.
Up to three pair of sexually ripe male and female chinook, chum, and
pink salmon will be captured by dip net or gill net and artificially
spawned utilizing techniques specified in Aquatic Habitat and Instream
Flow Study section of this procedures manual.
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Fertilized eggs will be placed in Whitlock-Vibert incubation boxes. ,.
Up to 100 eggs will be placed in each box and up to ten boxes will be
buried in the substrate at each artificial redd site. The location of
each box will be identified by orange flagging. Only one species of
salmon will be studied at each artificial redd site.
All emergent and development study sites will be clearly identified and
marked. Natural and artificial redd ,sites will be identified by
tributary, species, distances and coordinates from fixed markers on
shore, and the date of installation or observation of actual spawning at
the site.
Sampling of artificial redds will consist of removing snow or ice cover
and excavating one or two of the Whitlock-Vibert boxes at each site per
sampling trip with a shovel.
Natural salmon redds will be sampled concurrently with the artificial
redds in each tributary from January through April, 1984 for comparative
purposes. Sampling of natural redds will be accomplished by recovering
eggs in a l/4 inch mesh catch screen with the aid of a modified Homelite
gas-powered water pump mounted on a backpack frame. This device,
commonly called an egg pump, employs a high pressure jet of water to
penetrate the substrate in a salmon redd and forces some of the embryos
or alevins to the surface for collection. Once the embryos or alevins
reach the surface they are collected in a cylindrical screen that is 2
feet high, 2 feet in diameter, and open at both ends. A 1/4 inch mesh
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
catch sack trails downstream of the sampling area in the current to
catch the dislodged embryos and alevins. In the event that the egg pump
freezes up or malfunctions, a shovel and a dip net will be used as a
backup recovery method. Embryos and alevins will be preserved in
Stockard•s solution (Velsen 1980) and alevins will be preserved in 10
percent formalin for later laboratory analysis.
Embryos and alevins will be examined using a binocular steroscope and
procedures described by Velsen (1980).
(b) Study Locations
Three artificial salmon redd sites will be selected for emergence and
development studies. Two artificial salmon redds, one for chinook and
one for chum, will be established in Indian River (RM 138.6). A third
artificial redd for pink salmon will be planted at Lane Creek (RM
113.6).
Natural salmon redds, of the same species as those being studied in each
tributary, will be flagged in the vicinity of each artificial redds for
comparative sampling throughout the winter months.
(c) Schedule of Activities and Frequency of
Sampling
Selection and installation of artificial redds for chinook, chum, and
pink salmon will conincide with the peak spawning period for each
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species. Chinook salmon will be established between late July and early
August and pink and chum salmon between late August through September.
The first sampling trip is scheduled for mid-November to conicide with
the approximate time that the pink and chum salmon embryos "eye-up".
One Whitlock-Vibert box will be excavated at each artificial redd at
this time to determine survival rates and current stages of development.
Beginning in January, 1984 two Whitlock-Vibert boxes will be excavated
monthly at each artificial redd through April. Based on development
rates observed throughout the winter, field crews will attempt to
schedule their later sampling trips so that they conicide with the
period of emergence.
Table B-2 presents a summary of emergence and development study
activities.
(3) Rearing Habitat Studies
Two Juvenile Anadromous Habitat Study (JAHS) field crews, of two
biologists each, will examine micro-habitat parameters of the rearing
habitats used by. juvenile salmon at selected sloughs, sidechannels,
tributaries, and mainstem sites of the Susitna River between the
Chulitna River confluence (RM 98.5) and Portage Creek (RM 148.8). JAHS
sampling will be conducted from river boats during the open water
seasons. Helicopter support will be enlisted as needed. Backpack
electrofishing units and beach seines will be used to collect fisheries
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Table B-2. Summary of emergence and development study activities, August, 1983 through April, 1984.
Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar~ Apr.
1-31 1-30 1-31 1-30 1-31 1-31 1-28 1-31 1-30
Activit.Y 1983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1984 1984 1984 1984
Survey and Mark .
Natural Redds
Plant Artificial
Redds
Initial 11 Eye Up 11
Sampling
Egg Pumping and
Artificial Redd ~
Excavation
Laboratory
Analysis of
Developmental
Stage
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data. Habitat data for fish preference studies and habitat modeling ,.
studies will be gathered using a Hydrolab multi parameter meter, a Price
AA velocity meter, a topsetting wading rod, and a turbidometer. The
crews wi 11 operate out of tent camps 1 oca ted on the Sus i tna River at
Talkeetna Station and Gold Creek.
(a) Methods
i. Fish Preference Studies
Techniques
Twenty-nine study locations will be designated as fish preference sites.
Locations selected as fish preference sites are: (1) sites that were
reported to contain large numbers of spawning adult salmon-in 1982
(ADF&G 1983) and, (2) sites where large numbers of rearing juvenile
salmon were observed or collected by RJ biologists in 1981 and 1982
(ADF&G 1981b; 1983a).
Each fish preference site will be divided into one or two grids. Grids
will be located so that water quality within them will be as uniform as
possible and so that they will encompass a variety of habitat
types. Each grid will consist of a series of transects which intersect
the channels of the study sites at right angles as illustrated in Figure
B-4.
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BANK
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Cell Unit-
Area Sampled
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TRANSECT 6
TRANSECT 5 --~
TRANSECT 3
TRANSECT 2
1
1
RIGHT
BANK
0
t _ TRANSECT I
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Figure B-4. Arrangements of transects, grids, and cells at a juvenile anadromous
habitat study (JAHS) site.
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There will be one to three cells at every transect within the grid. ;-
Attempts will be made to confine a uniform habitat type within each
cell. Each of the cells will measure 50 feet in length and six feet in
width. Two of the three cells will parallel both banks of the channel
and the third cell will be located mid channel parallel to the bank
cells. If the channel measures 18 feet or more in width at the
transect, there will be a cell on each bank edge of the channel and one
cell located approximately mid channel. If the slough is 12 feet to 18
feet in width, there will only be two cells, one on each side of the
channel parallel with the bank, and if the channel is less than 12 feet
in width there will only be one cell. Transects will be numbered
consecutively beginning with the transect furthest downstream within the
site (Figure B-3). Cells will also be numbered consecutively from right
to left looking upriver. If there are less than three cells within a
transect, cells wi 11 be numbered as if the missing middle ce 11 were
present.
Transects will be spaced at least 50 feet apart, and initial placement
will be made so that the cell extends 50 feet upstream from the
transect. Placement of the transects will be made to maximize a variety
of habitat types. Survey stakes and orange flagging will be used to
mark each transect within the grid.
Fisheries data will be collected from a minimum of seven cells within
each grid at fish preference sites. Habitat data will be collected from
only those cells actually sampled for fisheries data.
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Table B-3. Juvenile Anadromous. Habitat Study (JAHS) sites on the ,.
Susitna River between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon,
July, 1983 through June, 1984.
Fish Habitat IFG-4
River Preference Modeling Modeling
Site Mile Site Site Site
Whiskers Creek Slough 101.2 X X
Whiskers Creek 101.2 X
Chase Creek 106.9 X
Slough 5 107.6 X X
Slough 6 108.2 X
Oxbow I 110.0 X
Slough 6A 112.3 X X
Slough 8 113.6 X X
Main stem II 114.4 X
Lower McKenzie Creek 116.2 X
Upper McKenzie Creek 116.7 X
Slough 8A -grid I 125.3 X X
-grid 2 125.3 X
Sidechannel lOA 127.1 X X
Slough 9 129.2 X X
Slough 10 Sidechannel 133.8 X X
Slough 10 133.8 X
Slough 11 135.3 X
Slough 11 Upper Sidechannel 136.2 X X
Indian River -Mouth 138.6 X
Indian River-helio #1 138.6 X
Slough 19 140.0 X
Slough 20 140.1 X
Slough 21 Sidechannel 140.6 X
Slough 21 142.0 X
Slough 22 144.3 X X
Jack Long Creek 144.5 X
Portage Creek -Mouth 148.8 X
Portage Creek -helio #1 148.8 X
-helio #2 148.8 X
-helio #3 148.8 X
Totals 29 6 6
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All juvenile salmon collected will be identified to species in the).
field, measured for total length in millimeters and released. Those
specimens that are not identified at the study site will be preserved in
10 percent formalin and later identified using a binocular stereoscope.
The minimum sample size will be 50 fish of each species for each size
class, and 10 percent of those captured in each size class thereafter.
Micro-habitat parameters such as water temperature, water depth, water
velocity, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance and turbidity will
be collected from each cell sampled for fisheries data at fish
preference sites. If the water quality is constant within a specific
grid, only one sample will be recorded to represent that grid.
Turbidity samples will be collected in 250 ml plastic bottles filled
approximately two-thirds full and stored in a cool dark location prior
to analysis.
Substrate data will be collected in accordance with modified procedures
used by the Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow project (ADF&G 1982) at
habitat model and fisheries data collection sites.
Equipment
Sampling equipment that will be used to collect fisheries data from fish
preference sites are backpack electrofishing units (Coffelt, Model BP1C
and Smith Root, Mode 1 XVBPG) and beach seines. Procedures used for
sampling with these techniques are described in the 1982 procedures
manual (ADF&G 1982).
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The mean depth of each study cell wi 11 be measured to the nearest one
tenth of one foot with a topsetting weighing rod.
The mean velocity of each cell will be measured with-a Price Model AA
velocity meter and converted to feet per second using the standard
rating tables supplied with each gage.
Turbidity measurements will be recorded for each grid, immediately
following sample collection, using a HF Instruments turbidimeter, Model
DRT-15.
Water qua 1 ity measurements wi 11 be taken fn each grid with a Hydrol ab
multi parameter meter, Model 4001. The meters will be recalibrated
prior to each field sampling.
A Leitz brand fiber-plastic surveyors tape will be used to measure
transect and grid lengths.
Data Recorded
Fisheries and micro-habitat data collected at fish preference sites or
habitat model sites will be recorded on JAHS HABITAT AND CATCH DATA FORM
RJ 83-01. This form will be used to maintain a record of micro-habitat
and catch data from each cell sampled. The instructions to complete
form RJ 83-01 are outlined in Appendix B-1.
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ii •. Fish Habitat Modeling Studies
Techniques
Six locations will be selected as fish habitat model sites. These fish
habitat modeling sites will be chosen from upland sloughs, side sloughs
and mainstem sidechannels which meet the following criteria:
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The effects of mainstem discharge (stage and flow) on the
sites are measurable.
The sites are documented or thought to contain significant
numbers of rearing juvenile salmon.
The sites are accessible by boat at normal · mainstem
discharges during the open water season.
Habitat modeling sites will be divided using the same system of grids
and cells that was described for fish preference sites. Survey stakes
and orange flagging will be used to mark each transect within the grid.
Initial measurements of each grid will include distances and angles
between transect bench marks on each bank and the distances and angles
between bench marks of each transect. Habitat modeling sites wi 11 be
sampled over as large a range of mainstem flows as possible. Wetted
edge measurements will be made at each transect at the different flows
providing that the staff gage readings indicate a significant change in
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
stage within a site or on the mainstem Susitna. At this time, all cell ,.
habitat parameters will be measured in all cells at all transects.
Water quality data taken at Habitat Modeling Sites will include
turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen. Each
wetted cell from all transects in a given grid will be measured for mean
depth and velocity. Dominant and subdominant substrate (subdominant
substrate must comprise at least 10 percent of the total substrate
within a cell to be documented) will be recorded. Percent cover and
substrate class in each cell will be estimated using the cover substrate
description (see fish preference techniques) and recorded.
One or more staff gages will be installed by the Aquatic Habitat and
Instream Flow Project at each site to document changes in the stage at
each site with changes in mainstem discharge. These gages will provide
an index to compare the changes of habitat and hydraulic conditions at
the site to changes in mainstem discharge.
Fisheries distribution and abundance data will be collected at habitat
model sites when site conditions permit and fish preference data is
needed.
Equipment
Equipment used to sample fish habitat modeling sites is identical to
that used at fish preference sites with two exceptions: (1) fisheries
collection gear will not be used at habitat modeling sites unless
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fisheries preference data is collected and (2) a Silva sighting compass
. will be used at habitat modeling sites to obtain compass headings
between transect markers.
Data Recorded
Data collected at fish habitat modeling sites will be recorded on forms
RJ 83-01 and RJ 83-03. Data recorded on Form RJ 83-03 for fish habitat
modeling sites will include wetted edge measurements, initial compass
bearings, and distances between transect markers.
iii. IFG-4 Model Studies
The Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow (AH) group is generating IFG-4
models for three sloughs and three sidechannels on the Susitna River
between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon. JAHS crews will
collect juvenile salmon and habitat data at these six locations. This
data will be included in IFG-4 modeling studies. These models provide a
computer model simulation of the relationships of stage and velocity vs.
changes in mainstem discharge and utilizes linear regression techniques
to predict velocities and depths.
Techniques
The criteria for selecting IFG-4 modeling sites are specified in the
Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow (AH) section of this procedures
manual.
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Transects for IFG-4 modeling sites will be established and surveyed in ,.
by AH field crews. JAHS crews utilized these transects to set up grid
and cell sampling areas. Sampling will be done in the same manner as
previously described for fish preference sites.
All other techniques employed by JAHS crews at the six IFG-4 modeling
sites are identical to those described for fish preference study sites.
Equipment
The equipment utilized by JAHS crews to collect fish and habitat data at
IFG-4 modeling sites will be the same as those previously described for
fish preference studies.
Data Recorded
Fisheries and habitat data collected at IFG-4 modeling sites will be
recorded solely on Form RJ 83-01.
(b) Study Locations
Table B-3 presents all of the sites which will be sampled on the Susitna
River and its major tributaries between the Chulitna River confluence
and De vi 1 Canyon by JAHS crews. JAHS study 1 ocations include 29 fish
preference study sites, 6 fish habitat modeling sites, and 6 IFG-4
modeling sites.
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't1AHS-Ffechn-i-ea-l-P.rocedttres
Table B-3. Juvenile Anadromous . Habitat Study (JAHS) sites on the '
Susitna River between the Chulitna River confluence and Devil Canyon,
July, 1983 through June, 1984.
Fish Habitat IFG-4
River Preference Modeling Modeling
Site Mile Site Site Site
Whiskers Creek Slough 101.2 X X
Whiskers Creek 101.2 X
Chase Creek 106.9 X
Slough 5 107.6 X X
Slough 6 108.2 X
Oxbow I 110.0 X
Slough 6A 112.3 X X
Slough 8 113.6 X X
Mainstem II 114.4 X
Lower McKenzie Creek 116.2 X
Upper McKenzie Creek 116.7 X
Slough 8A -grid 1 125.3 X X
-grid 2 125.3 X
Sidechannel lOA 127.1 X X
Slough 9 129.2 X X
Slough 10 Sidechannel 133.8 X X
Slough 10 133.8 X
Slough 11 135.3 X
Slough 11 Upper Sidechannel 136.2 X X
Indian River -Mouth 138.6 X
Indian River-helio #1 138.6 X
Slough 19 140.0 X
Slough 20 140.1 X
Slough 21 Sidechannel 140.6 X
Slough 21 142.0 X
Slough 22 144.3 X X
Jack Long Creek 144.5 X
Portage Creek -Mouth 148.8 X
Portage Creek -helio #1 148.8 X
-helio #2 148.8 X
-helio #3 148.8 X
Totals 29 6 6
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(c) Schedule of Activities and Frequency of
Sampling
The schedule of activities and frequency of sampling for the 1983 summer
field season is listed in Table B-4. Field sampling trips, lasting
approximately 7-10 days will be conducted bimonthly from May to
September by two JAHS crews. Frequency of data collection will vary
among the three genera 1 categories of study sites during the fie 1 d
season.
i. Fish Preference Studies
Fish preference study sites will be sampled one or more times during the
summer field season to provide baseline fisheries and habitat data for
preference curves to be used in conjunction with the habitat models.
The sampling schedule for fish preference study sites is dependent on
the target species. Juvenile chum, pink, and sockeye salmon sites will
be sampled in May and June. In late June or early July, sampling
efforts will be redirected to collect data at sites previously
identified as rearing areas for chinook and coho salmon. The chinook
and coho salmon sites will be sampled until freezeup.
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Table B.-4. Juvenile Anadromous Habitat Study (JAHS) sampling and activity schedule, May, 1983 through
June, 1984.
T<rget Specie• or
Activity
Chum SalNln
Sockeye Salmon
Hay
1983
Jun .. July August St'ptember October Novemher
Pink Salmon 1---Tr_i_b_ut.:..:a_r_ie_s_--ll-______________________ -j
Chinook Salmon
Coho Salmon
Open Water Field
Preparaticn
1-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I Tributaries, Sloughs
~ ___________ -I Tributaries, Slough IHainsteml-___ -i
primary sampling
continued insidental data collection
December January
198~
february Harch April Hay June
30th
1984
(I ) S 1 oughsl
Tributarie$
I 111 slourh•l Tributares
(1) Trlbutarl"sl
JSide Channeh
(1) Tributaries~
jS I de Channe 1s
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ii. ·Fish Habitat Modeling Studies
Each of the fish habitat model sites will be sampled about five times at
different mainstem flows. The sampling schedule for habitat model sites
is dependent on the mainstem flow as well as target species.
iii. IFG-4 Modeling Studies
The sampling schedule for IFG-4 modeling sites will be conducted
identically to the fish preference study sites. IFG-4 mo~eling sites
will be sampled one or more times during the open water field season to
provide baseline fisheries and habitat dati for preference curves to be
used in conjunction with the IFG-4 model.
c. Fish and Habitat Surveys Along the Propose·d Access/
Transmission Corridors
(1) Methods
(a) Stream studies at proposed access road
crossings
Study sites will be established at proposed road crossing sites on all
streams along the selected access and transmission corridors. Study
site locations will be determined from maps ·developed by R&M
Consultants, Inc. ( Se 1 ected Access Plan 18, map #252210, 9/l/82) on
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which the proposed route is over.laid on USGS topographic maps (scale ,.
1:63,360, 1951 series). At present, the route is not physically marked
and the exact location of stream crossing sites are not certain •.
Sampling will be conducted in each stream 500 feet above and 500 feet
below the proposed road crossing site.
i. Fish Data Collection
Streams wi 11 be inventoried for fish species present using backpack
electroshockers as a capture technique. Time of sampling will vary
depending on the size of the stream and the catch. Sampling will be
conducted until the presence or absence of-fish at each study site has
been verified. Streams which have negligible or intermittent flows will
not be sampled.
Biological data to be collected from a representative number of captured
fish at each location will include: species and length. Lengths will
be measured as fork lengths or total lengths as specified in the 1982
Procedures Manual.
ii. Aquatic Habitat Data Collection
Data collected at these sites will include general water quality {pH,
conductivity, water temperature, and -dissolved oxygen), discharge, and
substrate. Water quality and discharge data will be collected at a
representative location within the study area. Discharge data will not
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
be collected from smaller streams in which negligible or intermittent,.
flows would make accurate discharge measurements difficult. Substrate
will be evaluated for each stream in the general area of the proposed
crossing site. Each study area wi 11 a 1 so be photographed during the
season. These data will be collected according to procedures presented
in the 1981 and 1982 procedures manual (ADF&G 1981; 1982).
(b) Reach studies on Deadman Creek
Three, one-mile reaches of Deadman Creek from the lake outlet downstream
to the fa 11 s wi 11 be -se 1 ected as study sites. These reaches wi 11 be
sampled by hook and line to generate .Arctic grayling population
estimates. A backpack electroshocker will be used to determine what
other species are present.
Data to be collected and recorded from captured fish includes: reach,
species, length, sex, age and tag number. Lengths will be measured as
specified in the 1982 procedures manual (ADF&G 1982). Scales will be
collected from a representative subsample (20 percent) of grayling catch
in each reach. Scales and otoliths will be collected from all
mortalities for subsequent age determination. All fish over 150 mm and
apparently in good health will be tagged using Floy anchor tags.
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(c) Lake· Studies
i. Fish Data Collection
Several of the major lakes adjacent to the proposed access corridor will
be inventoried for fish species present. These will include, but are
not 1 imi ted to, Deadman Lake, Swimming Bear Lake, and the High Lake
camp 1 ex. Samp 1 i ng wi 11 be conducted with gill nets, trot 1 i nes, and
minnow traps set at selected areas along the shore of each lake. Time
of sampling will vary depending on the effectiveness of the sampling
methods.
In addition to survey work on Deadman Lake with gill nets and minnow
traps, six Fyke nets (4 feet x 4 feet x 18 feet trap with two-4 feet x
40 feet wings) will be used to capture lake trout for a mark~recapture
population estimate study. One Fyke net will also be used as a weir at
the outlet of Deadman Lake in late September to identify and enumerate
the various species of fish which move up Deadman Creek to overwinter in
Deadman Lake.
Data to be collected includes: species, length, sex, age and tag
number. Lengths will be measured as specified in the 1982 procedures
manual (ADF&G 1982). Scales will be collected from all lake trout
captured and otoliths will also be removed from all mortalities for
subsequent age determination. All fish over 150 mm and apparently in
good health will be tagged with Flay anchor tags.
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ii •. Aquatic Habitat Data Collection
Aquatic habitat data will not be collected from lakes adjacent to the
proposed corridor other than Deadman Lake. Data collected from Deadman
Lake will include water quality data for developing depth profiles for
oxygen, pH, conductivity and temperature. These data will be collected
by use of a Hydrolab and extension cables used according to
manufacturers instructions. Depth contour profiles of Deadman Lake will
be taken with a depth sounder (Lawrence, Model LRG-15108) mounted on a
boat powered by a 9.9 horsepower outboard motor traveling at constant
trolling speed between points on specified transects. The location of
the transects will be determined with a 1" to 400' scale aerial photo of
the lake using landmarks for reference points. The profiles will be
recorded on the instrument's recorder printout and to determine
placement of depth contours on a depth contour map of Deadman Lake.
(d) Spawning Surveys {Spring 1984)
Spawning surveys will be conducted during the Spring of 1984 using
electroshockers, gill nets, hook and line and visual observation to
determine the present, timing, and locations of Arctic grayling and
rainbow trout spawning.
Data to be recorded includes: species, length, sex, age, tag number and
sexua 1 maturity. Lengths wi 11 be measured as specified in the 1982
Procedures Manual. Scales will be collected from all fish captured and
otoliths from all mortalities for subsequent age determination. All
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fish over 150 mm and in good health will be tagged using Floy Anchor ,.
tags.
Pbint specific habitat data (velocity, depth and substrate) and water
quality (pH, DO, conductivity and water temperature) will be collected
at selected spawning sites to characterize the baseline habitat con-
ditions necessary for grayling spawning activities.
(2) Study Locations
The study locations for the 1983 access-transmission corridor and
construction site surveys shown in Figure B-5 include the following
areas:
(a) Stream Studies at Proposed Access Road
Crossings
Watana access road corridor -Mile 114 of the Denali Highway, south 44
miles to the Watana damsite.
22 stream crossings
Devil Canyon access road corridor -Watana damsite west and south a
total of 36 miles to Devil Canyon damsite.
14 stream crossings (including Tsusena Creek)
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Figure B-5.
PRINCIPLE AH/RJ ACCESS and
TRANSMISSION CORRIDOR STUDY
SITE LOCATIONS
~ROPOSED ACCESS CORRIDOR
eeee e ltROfiOSED TlltANSMISSION CORRIDOR
-1-1-1 ~ROPOSED flAIL CORRIDOR
FY 83 STUDY SITES
• WATER QUALITY, SUBSTRATE ANALYSIS, FISH INYEN10RY
.A WAT£A QUALITY, FISH INVENTORY
RAOIO TAG. POPULATION ESTIMATE
• WATER QUALITY, FISH INVENTORY
OEPTH CONTOUR MAP, POPULATION ESTIMATE
ALASKA DEPT. Of FISK AND eAMI
SU MYDitO AQUATIC ITUDI£S PltQeltAM
•aQUATIC MA.ITAT AND INITREAM f\.OW/
lltEIID!NT AND JUVINILIE ANADIDIIOUI PIIM .10M ITUOIII
10
MILl: I
Map showing the locations of the principle Access and
Transmission Corridor Study sites.
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10/19/83, 11/28/83, 12/4/83
JAHS/Technical Procedures
Railroad spur and transmission line -Gold Creek 12 miles east northeast
to the Devil Canyon damsite.
6 stream crossings
(b) Reach Studies on Deadman Creek
3 one-mile segments along Deadman Creek parallel to the access road for
about 10 miles:
one mile downstream from the Deadman Lake outlet
a one mile segment in the middle reach
a one mile segment in the reach just above Deadman falls
(c) Lake Studies
3 lakes:
Deadman Lake
Swimming Bear Lake
the High Lakes complex
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JAHS/Technical Procedures
(d) Spawning Surveys (spring 1984) ,.
Arctic grayling spawning:
Deadman Creek (above and below Deadman Lake)
Brushkana Creek
Seattle Creek
Rainbow trout spawning:
High Lake
(3) Schedule of Activities and Frequency of
Sampling
Tentative Field Schedule
D
Months 1 5 10 15 20 25 30
July
August
September
October
May
June
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10/19/83, 11/28/83, 12/4/83
JAHS/Technical Procedures
(a) Stream Studies at Proposed Access Road
l Crossings
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Study sites on the streams crossed by the access roads will be sampled
once during the 1983 summer studies in August or early September.
(b) Reach Studies on Deadman Creek
All three reaches of Deadman Creek will be sampled in July. Each reach
will be sampled five times •.
(c) Lake Studies
Deadman Lake will be sampled monthly throughout the open water season.
Swimming Bear Lake and the High Lakes complex will be sampled for one,
24-hour period in August or September.
(d) Spawning Studies (spring 1984)
Spawning surveys for Arctic grayling and rainbow trout will be conducted
in May and June, before, during, and after breakup.
C. AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
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III. DATA PROCEDURES
A. ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
DRAFT /PAGE 1 1/10/84
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JAHS/Data Procedures
B. RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
1. Resident Fish Studies
a. Field data to be recorded
(1) Habitat and relative abundance
Biological data recorded at habitat and relative abundance study sites
included species, length, sex, scale card number, age, and fate.
Catch data gathered at habitat ·and relative abundance sites are
location, river mile/tributary mile, geographic code, date, collectors,
catch by species, tag number, fate, recapture code/number, gear code,
data set, date pulled, time set, time pulled total time fished or catch
per unit effort, time shocked, distance shocked, conductivity, voltage,
amps, net length, mesh size, bait type, hook size, and hook type.
Habitat data to be collected at habitat and relative abundance sites are
water depth, water velocity, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance,
turbidity, surface water temperature, intragravel temperature, air
temperature, substrate, percent cover, cover type, grid number, cell
number and area.
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DRAFT/PAGE 2 1/10/84
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JAHS/Data Procedures
Sampling forms to be utilized at habitat and relative abundance sites
are presented in Figures B-6 to B-12.
(2) Fish Preference Studies
Biological data to be recorded at each resident fish preference study
site include species, number of each species captured, length, and fate.
Habitat data that wi 11 be documented at each resident fish preference
study site are turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, specific
conductance, velocity, cell area, cell mean depth, substrate, percent
cover, and cover classification.
Other data recorded include time sampled, date, location, grid number,
cell number, gear code, and effort. The resident fish preference sites
were also mapped at periodic intervals.
Resident fish preference study data will be recorded on Forms RJ 83-08
(Figure B-12).
(3) Population Estimates
Biological data recorded at population estimate sites included species,
length, and fate.
Catch data will be composed of gear code, catch by species, tag number,
recapture number, location, date, time, and collectors.
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File No. 03-82-7.10-2.72 Page __ of __
SUSITNA HYDRO BIOLOGICAL OAT A RJ 82-02
Location ___________ RMITRM Gc_L __ L __ L_L __
Date collected--/--/--
'' 1110 dor
Collector lnltlela --------------
Specie a Le119tll f.!¥-A a• llcole Card Gear Moall Sl&e TaaN-u Ro•arlla c-,.,.,., M F No. Codo (lnJ
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12
13
14
15
II .
11
II
II .
20
Figure B-6. Susitna Hydro biological data form, RJ 82-02.
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File No. 03-82-7.10-2.73
SUSITNA HYDRO TAG DEPLOYMENT DATA RJ 82-03
Data 1 i Taa Numllar Gear Specie• Le11gth Sampllrla Location j ~ River Mile
Code yr. -· day Coda (mm)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
COIRIIIente:
Figure B-7. Susitna Hydro tag deployment data form, RJ 82-03.
File No. 03-82-7.10-2.74
SUSITNA HYDRO TAG RECAPTURE DATA RJ 82-04
Data I i ~ ~~ " Gear IAnoth 8a111pt1na Localloit • l River Mila T•a-•r }" I ! Code .,,_ 1110. ... ., (111111) ~
0 .
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
0 .. .
0 .
C0111111anta:
Figure B-8. Susitna Hydro tag recapture data form, RJ-82-04.
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File No. 03-82-7.10-2.75 Pege __ ot __
SUSITNA HYDRO OPPORTUNISTIC GEAR CATCH DATA RJ 82-05
Location ____________ RM/TRM ____ oc_L __ L __ L_L __
Date: Gear Set--/-/--Gear PuUed --/--/--Collector Initial•--------
TIME Catcll -Speclee Code Number
Aemerk • Set Pu .. d Total
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I 1-i'·" r-·11 I I II I I I I I I I 1·~-----1 ~H-ake and Mod---I•• No.
lalt Hook Hook
I fTl ... ll I I ~ 111111111~----~
Commente:
Figure B-9. Susitna Hydro opportunistic gear catch data form, RJ 82-05.
L.
AA 62-03
Electroshocking Catch Form
Crew:----
Sample: __ _
Date (YY/1111/DD): __ / __ / __
Time (military):-----
Distance Shocked (yards): ____ _
Species
Resident
Dolly Varden (530)
Rainbow (541)
Humpback Whitefish (562)
Round Whitefish (586)
Arctic Grayling (610)
Longnose sucker (640)
Burbot (590)
Location: ------------
River Hfle: -----------
Trib. River Hile: ---------
Geographic Code: _j __ _.! __ _j _ _.! __ _.! _
Time Shocked (minutes):-------
Catch Remarks
Figure B-10.-Electroshocking catch form, AA 82--03.
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IIOUAT!C HABIT/IT ELECTROF!SH SU~1MER FORI~ AH -107
File llo. -------------
Page __ of __
Crew--------------
Date-------Time------
I
Sample Depth
VeiOClty
(feet/ second l
I (feet) --u-:7 -u-:a
orrments
Hydrol ail # ------
Marsi1-l4ctli rney # ----
X/(1.6
-
Location--------------
Description -------------
R.M. ----T.R.M. ----
Geographic Code_! __ ! __ ! __ / __
PHYS!OCHEM CAL DATA
~ I ~
:::::. a: .. .,~I ~ C"l :4-e ~ ~;' I u "1:!E ._ ~ 0 .. ~ ~~~ u ~-~ .. ~ > .. 0 C"l u ~c::: .._U<II c. ~ ci. "' "' 1-00.1 ~::.o I-C.. ..... 0.. <IIC"l U"1:J..C::: "' E '-E .-e s...-e <II>. O.IC:::6
"' ~"' ""' ,..,., =a ~x c..o = ~ "' <I--~--Vl31-co VIU-
7
7
I I 7
7 . 7
SUBSTRATE DATA
--
Figure B-11. Aquatic habitat electorfish summer form, AH-107.
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RESIDENT FISH HABITAT AND CATCH DATA RJ ·83-08 PAGE_OF __
LOCATION:----------------COLLECTOR'S INITIALS: ______ _
DATE: __ / __ /......,..,... GRID NO.: ______ HYDROLAB NO.:
)'1. mo. GOY
TIME:
TURBIDITY: WATER TEMP.: pH: D.O.:------CONO.: -------
HABITAT
Cell Area Vol.
tlo (sq/111 11/stc.
SUBSTRATE CODE
I SILT
? St.tiD
) SIAALL GRAVEL (1/8"· l"l
:LARGE GRAYEL It"· 3 I
) RUBBLE I 3"· 5"1
5 COBBLE I 5 "·tO")
'~OULDER I> 10"1
Depth
111 I
DATA
Sub· 0/o Cover
strate Cover Typo
DOMINANT COVER
I NO COVER
2 EMERGENT VEGETATION
3 AQUATIC VEGETATION
4 DEBRIS I DEADFALL
5 OVERHANGING RIPARIAN
6 Ur:OERCUT BANKS
Goor
Code
7 Lo\RGE GRAVEL I"· 3"
8 RUBBLE 3"" 5'•
9CQBBLE OR BOULDER >5"
Effort Specie• No. of
Code fi•"
%COVER.
I 0•5%
2 6"25o/g
3 26·50 Yo
~ ~~=~~;:
6 96•100%
CATCH
Lonvtll ·-·
DATA
Foto Tav Recap. REMARKS Co do No. No.
SPEciEs coDEs
412-CHINOOK
422:.. SOCKEYE
433• COHO
44D-PINK
45D-CHUM
541• RAIN BOW
TROUT
586• ROUND WHITE
590·BURBOT
61 0· ARCTIC GRAYLING
640• LONGNOSE SUCKER
660· 3 SPINE STICKLEBACK
Figure B-12. Resident fish habitat and catch data form, RJ 83-08.
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DRAFT/PAGE 3 -1/10/84
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JAHS/Data Procedures
Habitat data gathered at population data sites will include water
velocity, water depth, water temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved
oxygen, specific conductance, substrate, percent cover, cover type, grid
number, cell number, and area.
Figure B-12 depicts the form which will be utilized to collect data for
the resident fish population estimate studies.
(4) Radio Telemetry
Biological data to be collected from radio tagged fish are species,
length, sex, scale card number, and age.
Catch data for radio tagged fish will include capture date, capture
location, capture river mile, release date, release site, and release
river mile.
The following surgical data will be recorded for each radio tagged fish:
time anesthetized, time surgery begun, time surgery completed, and the
total time for the operation.
Tag data to be recorded at the time of implantation and during each
tracking flight are frequency, pulse per second, and seconds per pulse.
The location, date, and river mile of each radio tag signal that is
received will be recorded during each tracking flight.
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JAHS/Data Procedures
Figure B-13 and B-14 presents the.forms which were used to collect data ,.
for the radio telemetry studies.
b. Data Transfer
Data forms for resident fish habitat and relative abundance, population
estimates, and radio telemetry will be checked for accuracy and
completeness following each sampling trip. Habitat and relative
abundance data is then submitted to the data processing unit for key
punching and the population estimate and radio telemetry data are filed
for hand compilation at a later date. Printouts of the initial habitat
and relative abundance data are returned to the individuals who
collected the data so that they can be rechecked for errors before they
are incorporated into the computer data base for analysis (Figure B-15).
Field trip reports, which summarize the preliminary data finds, will be
submitted after each sampling trip.
c. Data Analysis
Procedures used to analyze data for the resident fish studies will be
similar to those presented for the juvenile anadromous habitat study in
Figure B-19. The final products for the resident fish studies are: (1)
description of the distribution and relative abundance for selected
resident fish species, including an analysis of the environmental
factors affecting distribution, (2) preference curves for selected
resident fish species for various habitat parameters, (3) an analysis to
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SUSITNA HYDRO RADIO TAG DEPLOYMENT DATA, RJ 83-06
RADIO TAG DATA CAPTURE DATA T!HE OF OPERATION
Species fork lenght/age Sex Floy tag 1 Scale Cud 1 Freqeunc delta Pulses Sees pe DATE loc. R.H. ~ethod Aneth Beg End Total
In mn per sec pulse capt rei pf capt Tin-e Sur. Sur • Time
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Figure B-13. Susitna Hydro radio tag deployment data form, RJ 83-06.
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SUSITNA HYDRO RESIDENT FISII RADIO TRACKING llATA, UJ 113-07.
llAT(: ___ _/ ___ /_ TIH(: to 11[1\fll(ll: -------
,-
Release 1 Last tlew
Species Channel Taq Site Date RH Position Date Rl1 -Position RH
1 600.5
600-1
600-Z
600-3
z 610.5
610-1
610-Z
610-3 -
3 6Z0.5
6ZO-l I
6ZO-Z I
6Z0-3
4 630.5
630-1
630-Z
630-3
5 640.5 I
640-1
640-Z
640-3
6 650.5 . 650-1
650-Z .
650-3
7 660.5
660-1
660-Z
660-3
----·
8 670.5
670-1
670-Z
670-3
9 680.5
680-1
680-Z
680-3
10 700.5
11 710-1
710-3
lZ 730-Z
REACH OF RIVER FLOWN:
ESTIMATED ALTITUDE (ft,):
EQUIPHENT USED:
RELATIVE RIVER CONOIT10N:
NAHES · OF PEOPLE FLYING:
FLYING SERVICE:
TRIBUTARY REACHES FLOWN:
Figure B-14. Susitna Hydro resident fish radio tracking data form, RJ 83-07.
--,
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If ERRORS <> RESUIMIT TO ·
FIELD IIOLOGI ST .
FOR
CORRECTIONS/
OFFICE
ERROR
CHECK
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--.
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1/:fEi~:~ I FOR
00RRECTIONS
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ERROR CHECK I
KEYPUNCHED DATA
PREPARE FINAL
TAILE SUMMARIES
OR STATISTICS
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Figure B-15. Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Studies (RJ) data
transfer flow chart (inc 1 udes all RJ studies except
outmigrant studies and access/transmission corridor
studies).
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JAHS/Data Procedures
determine if the data set will support an incremental analysis of ,.
instream flow on selected resident fish species, and (4) IFG-4 models
with input from preference curves, if appropriate.
2. Juvenile Anadromous Fish Studies
a. Abundance, outmigration, timing, and survival
(1) Field data to be recorded
(a) Coded wire tagging
Tagging data to be recorded at each tagging site will include species,
mean length, number of fish tagged, percent tag retention, and
mortality. Site, data, tag code, and time of release will also be
recorded.
(b) Recovery of marked and unmarked fish
Biological data to be collected at the downstream migrant traps will
include fish species, length, fate of captured fish, and scale sampling.
Upon reaching a total of 50 representatives of one species in a given
day, a tally of that species will be kept for the remainder of that day
minus the biological data.
Samples to be collected include scales from predetermined size classes
of resident and juvenile anadromous species for age classification. All
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JAHS/Data Procedures
adipose fin clipped chum and sockeye salmon juveniles will be collected ,.
and preserved for future dissection and analysis of the coded wire tags.
Habitat data collected in association with the biological data at the
downstream migrant traps will include depth fished (feet), distance from
shore (feet), velocity at each trap (fps), river stage (feet), air and
water temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (ppm), conductivity
(um/hos), and turbidity (NTU). Depth fished is read from the water
surface to the bottom of the front of the incline. Distance from shore
will be measured from water's edge to the center of the incline plane.
Velocity will be read from the center of the bow of each trap directly
in front of the incline. If the depth at this point exceeds three feet,
velocity readings will be read at 0.2 and 0.8 of the total depth and
averaged. If the depth is less than three feet, one reading wi 11 be
taken at 0.6 of the total depth. River stage will be read from a staff
gage to be surveyed in by AH staff. Water temperature, pH, DO,
conductivity and turbidity samples will be taken from the deck of the
east bank trap and air temperature will be measured in camp.
Depth fished and distance from shore will be recorded for each trap at
every check. All other parameters will be measured once daily.
Habitat and biological data will be entered directly into an Epson HX-20
microcomputer. This computer has printing and cassette drive functions.
The microcomputer will provide an initial entry printout and a final
corrected printout as well as recording the data on two micro-cassette
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JAHS/Data Procedures
tapes, a primary tape and a backup tape. The program for data entry ,.
includes "prompts" for all habitat and. biological data (see Appendix
B-2) and can store up to 100 individual entries per file.
Each trap check will correspond to a file number on the Epson printouts
and cassette tapes, and consist of entries for a 11 re 1 evant water
quality and habitat data followed by the biological data and individual
species tallies. In the event that the Epson micro-computer fails to
provide adequate storage or proves unworkable, data will be recorded by
hand.
(2) Data transfer
(a) Recovery of marked and unmarked fish
Field data will be transferred to the data processing section by
micro-cassette tape and paper printout from the Epson microcomputer as
it is collected (Figur~ B-16). Trip reports will be submitted monthly
to include total catch by species, coded wire tag recoveries, efficiency
of the Epson as a data recording system, and river conditions.
(3) Data analysis
(a) Coded wire tagging
Preliminary data analysis will begin following the end of the tagging
program in June with the preparation of a table for the Pacific Marine
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/IF EltltORS I
CORRECT I
IN fiELD
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---------,
CH
PLETE a CORRECT ANY
ERRORS DISCOVERED AFTER
DATA SAVED.
PREPARE FINAL
TAIL£ SUMMARIES
OR STATISTICS
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¢ IF ERRORS,
-HAND ENTER > COR RECTIONt
ON MICRO.
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Figure B-16. Data transfer flow chart for outmigrant studies at
the downstream migrant traps.
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JAHS/Data Procedures
Fisheries Commission (PMFC). This. table will outline the tagging sites, ~"
dates of release, species and numbers of fish tagged, and mean length of
fish tagged. Also provided at this time will be a preliminary inner
office report on the outcome of program implementation.
Tags collected from recovered fish will be read at the end of the field
season. Population and survival estimates will be calculated following
the compilation and preliminary analysis of data collected at the
downstream migrant traps. A report on the coded wire tagging program
will be included in the 1983 Aquatic Studies Basic Data report.
Population estimates from the mark-recovery program will be provided
using the Petersen and Schaefer estimators of Ricker (1975). Survival
will be back calculated from using the estimates of total egg deposition
and outmigrant populations.
(b) Recovery of marked and unmarked fish
All_ data will be compiled and organized by data processing personnel.
Variables to be used in catch data analysis will include Gold Creek
discharge, water temperature, diurnal timing, turbidity, seasonal
timing, and horizontal and vertical distribution in the water column.
(c) Dye Marking
Dye mark retention on juvenile salmon will be checked at the study sites
and at the downstream migrant traps to determine how 1 ong the dyes
markings remain visible.
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b. Emergence and development
(1) Data to be recorded
DRAFT /PAGE 9 1/10/84
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JAHS/Data Procedures
Data to be recorded at artificial redd sites will include: site
location, species, hole number, counts of viable and inviable eggs in
each Whitlock-Vibert box, siltation of Whitlock-Vibert boxes, water
temperature, intragravel temperature, and ice conditions.
At natural salmon redds the following data will be recorded: redd
location, species, approximate depth of the redd, substrate description,
water temperature, intragravel temperature,_and ice conditions.
Specimens of preserved salmon embryos and alevins collected in the field
will be analyzed in our laboratory to describe the stage of organo-
genesis, the percentage of yolk vascularization, and the percent of yolk
absorption. The number and percentages of each stage will be recorded
by tributary, site, date, and species.
(2) Data transfer
Field data will be summarized in trip reports after the completion of
each field trip. Salmon embryo and alevin collected will be classified
by developmental stage and tabulated by tributary, site, date, and
species.
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""" ~ ,_ • ------· ---···---~ ••• --··-········ --~--,• -· ·-~···-.. _ -p •• --••• ,... ---•• -•• ~-. • • -· ·-.. ····-·-···--~. ~ ---·-•••• ·--~~---·-·-""-' ,. ... ,-., ........ --~ • -~-'-·---·-··. •• .. •••• ,. ~-'-.... • ....... :....>'. --·-'--.-.:: ......... -.;. ; • -··. •• . • ~-...... ,_; •• ·---··· .... .:... ·-·-·-·
(3) Data analysis
DRAFT /PAGE 10 · 1/10/84
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JAHS/Data Procedures
A regression analysis will be performed for mean temperature units
versus development by species and site (see ADF&G 1983b, Section 3.4.1)
to determine dates for 50 percent hatching and 50 percent emergence.
Survival of eggs to the eyed stage, and hatching and emergence will be
calculated. Rates of development will be correlated with substrate
type, and ice cover.
c. Rearing habitat studies
{1) Field data to be recorded
(a) Fish preference studies
Biological data to be recorded at each fish preference study site
include species, number of each species captured, length, and fate
{Figure B-17).
Habitat data that will be documented at each fish preference study site
are turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, specific conductance,
velocity, cell area, cell mean depth, substrate, percent cover, and
cover classification (Figure B-17).
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:.:··
JAHS HABITAT AND CATCH DATA RJ-83-0I PAGE_OF __
LOCATION:--------HABITAT MODEL----COLLECTOR'S INITIALS: ___ _
DATE:--/-=-/--r=-GRID NO.:-----HYDROLAB NO.:-----TIME:-------rr. ..... ooy
TURBIDITY: WATER TEMP.: pH: D.O.: COND.: ______ _
HABITAT DATA /..,
Coli Area Vol.
No. loq/ftl rt/aec.
I
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4-
$
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u·
IZ
s
14-
1$
SUBSTRATE. CODE
I SILT
2 SAND
:S Sr.tALL GRAVEL 11/8•·\,•l
4 LARGE GRA!{EL I"• :S )
5 RUBBLE I :S • 5")
6 COBBLE I 5 "·10"1
7 BOULDER 1>10")
Dl!ltll
Itt)
Sub• ,. Covor
It rote Cover Type
'
DOMINANT COVER
I NO COVER
2 EMERGENT VEGETATION
3 AQUATIC VEGETATION
4 DEBRIS I DEADfALL
5 OVERHANGING RIPARIAN
6 UNDERCUT BANKS
7 LARGE GRAVEL 1•· :s•
8 RUBBLE :s•· 5"
9 COBBLE OR BOULDER > 5 ~
Goor Effort Code
-
:
Spoclll No. of
Code filii
'Yo COVER
I D•5 "to z 6"25%
:S Z6• 50% ; ~~= ~~;:
6 96•100%
CATCH DATA
LIIIQIII foto Slide REMARKS 1-l Co 'do -~
SPECIES CODES
412-CHINOOK
422'-SOCKEYE
4:S:S·COHO
44()-PINK
45D-CHUM
541• RAINBOW
TROUT
586· ROUND WHITE
590•BURBOT
61 0• ARCTIC GRAYLING
640• LONGNOSE SUCKER
660•:S SPINE STICKLEBACK
Figure B-17. JAHS habitat and catch data form, RJ 83-01.
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11/28/83, 12/4/83, 12/19/83
JAHS/Data Procedures
Other data recorded include time sampled, date, location, grid number, ~"
cell number, gear code, and effort. The fish preference sites were also
mapped at periodic intervals (Figure B-18).
(b) Fish habitat modeling studies
Habitat data recorded at fish habitat modeling sites included turbidity,
pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, specific conductance, velocity, cell
area, cell mean depth, substrate, percent cover, and cover classi-
fication (Figure B-17).
Additional data recorded at fish habjta_t modeling sites are time
sampled, date, location, grid number, and cell number. Maps of fish
habitat modeling sites will include wetted edge measurements, initial
compass bearings, and distance between transect markers (Figur~ B-18).
Biological data will not be collected regularly at fish habitat modeling
sites. However, when the opportunity presents itself to collect data
which will augment fish preference studies, biological data such as
species, number of each species captured, length, and fate will be
collected.
(c) IFG-4 modeling studies
Field data recorded for IFG-4 modeling sites will be the same bio-
logical, habitat, and other data parameters recorded for fish preference
study sites.
JAHS SITE MAP RJ 83-03
LOCAT ION RM GC. _/_/_/_/__
DATE _/_/_ GRID NO.--COLLECTOR'S INITIALS --
yr. mo. day
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Figure B-18. JAHS site map form, RJ 83-03.
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NQ READING p
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JAHS/Data Procedures
(2) Data transfer
After each sampling trip, fish preference study and habitat modeling
study data forms wi 11 be checked. for accuracy and completeness before
submitting them to the data processing unit for key punching. Printouts
of the initial data will then be returned to the individuals who
collected the data so that it can be rechecked for errors before it is
incorporated into the computer data base for analysis (Figure B-15).
Field trip reports will be completed immediately after each sampling
trip and will summarize the initial data findings ~f each sampling trip.
(3) Data an~1ysis
Data analysis will proceed as per Figure B-19. There are basically four
final products: (1) description of distribution and relative abundance
for each species (including an analysis of several environmental factors
affecting distribution), (2} preference curves for each species for
various habitat parameters, (3} IFG-4 models with input from preference
curves, and (4} a model of juvenile rearing habitat at the RJ habitat
model sites that will incorporate cover, turbidity, and velocity
preferences record at these sites.
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NORMALIZE .IAHS IGAIATIION~----------------------------------~CPUE DATA TO
LENGTH SEPARATION
FREQUENCYI----1 OF
DATA CLASSES
DEPTH
VELOCITY
BSTRATE
ELIMINATE
MIGRATION TIMING
EfFECT l
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ANOVA
ANALYSIS OF f _, GEAR EFFICIENCY
I ~--------~~---
1
__ ..,.. ANALYSIS OF ~ ---
ll INTERACTIONS
--'AMONG
HABITAT
PARAMETERS
ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE
IMPORTANCE OF EACH
HABITAT PARAMETER-
MULTIPLE RE(IRE:SSICIN!'I
PREFERENCE
CURVES·
UNIVARIATE a
PERCENT COVER COVER a 1-,.,. JA HS DATA ANALYSIS
IJI FIELD DATA
COVER -ANALYSIS TYPE
~ END PRODUCTS
MAIN PATHWAY FOR
PREFERENCE CURVES
-MAIN PATHWAY FOR
-RJ HABITAT MODEL
Figure B-ig. Juvenile Anadromous Habitat Study (JAHS) data analysis flow chart.
DISCREPANCY
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11/28/83, 12/4/83, 12/19/83
JAHS/Data Procedures
3. Fish and Habitat . Surveys Along the Proposed Access/ ,.
l . Transmission Corridors
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a. Field data to be recorded
(1) Fish data collection
All field data will be recorded in, 11 Rite-in-the-Rain,11 notebooks and
transferred to Forms RJ 83-04 and RJ 83-05 (Figure B-20 and B-21). This
data will include site, date, effort, gear type, collectors, species,
length, sex, scale card number, and tag number.
(2) Aquatic habitat data collection
Aquatic habitat data collected at proposed stream crossing sites will be
recorded in field notebooks and transcribed to data forms (Figure
B-22). These data will include dissolved oxygen, specific conductance,
pH, air and water temperature, discharge and substrate. Other field
data collected in associated with lakes and other areas of the study
will be recorded in field notebooks. Upon returning to the office field
notes will be copied on a copy machine and filed for use in the final
report.
b. Data transfer
Trip reports will be written monthly summarizing field activities and
preliminary data findings.
SUS I TNA HYDRO CORRIDOR STUDIES, CATCH AND BIOLOGICAL DATA
RJ-'83·04 PAGE-OF __
LOCATION-----------MILE-----G.C. _/_/_/_/__
DATE _____________ __
COLLECTORS --------------
CATCH Spec e1 Codes REMARKS
610 550 162
-.. Scale Cant Ta9 I!.; Species Lqth = Scale card Ta9 i~ [special LenQth • A9e No. No. ~z Code AQe No. No. .g (I) ...
I 26
z ZT
s 28
4 29
5 so
6 Sl
7 S2
8 33
9 34
10 S5
II 36
12 ST
I:S 38
14 39
15 410
16 41
17 42
18 43
19 44
l!D ~
21 46
22 47
23 48
l!4 49
25 50
Figure B-20. Susitna Hydro corridor studies, catch and biological data form,
RJ 83-04.
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SUSITNA HYDRO CORRIDOR STUDIES TAGGING/ RECAPTURE DATA
RJ-83-0~
TAG DEPLOYMENT DATA TAG RECOVERY DATA
TaQ Species Length Date Location* Date LanQth Location* Date LenQth Number
.
*Study.aite name-
At atream c:ronlnQI put "above" or "below~
Location•
Figure B-21. Susitna Hydro corridor studies tagging/recapture data form,
RJ 83-05.
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SUSITNA HYDRO CORRIDOR STUOIES•AQUATIC HABITAT DATA
AH-IMP U-01
SAMPLING AREA:------PAGE_ OF __ _
CREW: ______________________ _
FILE NO.----------------''---SAMPI:.ING PERIOD:-----------
G. C.
G. C.
G. C.
G.C.
G. C.
G.C.
G.C.
G. C.
G.C.
G. C.
G. C.
G.C.
Ccwrldor MRitarr ftr*olall D.O. ..,_Qiohl T-ee ....... , ...
LOCATION Milo Date TIIIMI. No. lor. :':t =· '" % cf• £:::.. ~~-· ~~-z ~-a .... ,. .. H&Q N1V ProL Air c•-a--
'
(ADFG/SU HYDRO,S/83,JS)
Figure B-22. Susitna Hydro corridor studies -aquatic habitatdata form,
AH-IMP 83-01.
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DRAFT/PAGE 14 1/10/84
11/28/83, 12/4/83, 12/19/83
JAHS/Data Procedures
Two copies wi 11 be made of a 11 data forms, one wi 11 be fi 1 ed under the ,.
access and transmission corridor/impoundment sub-project, and one will
be filed with the Aquatic Habitat and Instream Flow Studies quality
assurance section.
c. Data analysis
Data will be collected only once during the field season at each
proposed stream crossing site and will be presented in a general table
format to be referenced as needed in the 1983 Basic Data Report.
The 1983 Basic Data-Report for the Access-Transmission Corridor Studies
will consist of a site by site narrative describing the fish and aquatic
habitat components at each site sampled. Narratives will be derived
from raw data, trip reports, and field notes.
C. AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
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IV. QUALITY CONTROL
A. ADULT ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
DRAFT/PAGE 1 1/10/84
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JAHS/Quality Control
B. RESIDENT AND JUVENILE ANADROMOUS FISHERIES STUDIES
The Resident and Juvenile Anadromous Project Leader and his respective
Sub-Project Leaders are charged with the responsibility of maintaining
standards for collection, recording, and the processing of data.
Sub-project Leaders report to the Project_ Leader after each sampling
trip to discuss the progress of their individual studies. The Project
Leader and/or his representative also inspect field operations period-
ically to insure that the sampling programs are conducted consistently
and accurately.
Literature on the latest data collection and analysis procedures are
continually reviewed to be sure that the best possible methods are being
employed.
Field data from each sub-project are recorded and systematically checked
for accuracy and completeness by each field crew. The data is then
submitted to the Quality Assurance and Support Section where it is
reviewed and routed to the Data Processing Section for key punching.
Data processing returns a print-out of the data which is then cross
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DRAFT/PAGE 2 1/10/84
11/15/83, 12/4/83, 12/19/83
JAHS/Quality Control
checked with the original data forms by the individuals who initially ~
collected it. When all parties concerned are satisfied with the data,
it is routed through the project biometrician for final analysis before
being incorporated into the basic data and analysis reports.
C. AQUATIC HABITAT AND INSTREAM FLOW STUDIES
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JAHS/Literature Cited
VII. LITERATURE CITED
Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). 1981. Aquatic Studies
Procedures Manual. Phase I Final Draft. Alaska Department of Fish
and Game/ Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Program. Anchorage,
Alaska.
1981a. Resident fish investigations on the lower Susitna
River. Phase I Final Draft. Prepared for Acres American, Inc., by
Alaska Department of Fish and Game/Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies
Program. Anchroage, Alaska.
1981b. Juvenile anadromous fish study on the lower Susitna
River. Phase I Final Draft. Prepared for Acres American, Inc., by
Alaska Department of Fish and Game/Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies
Program. Anchorage, Alaska.
1982. Aquatic Studies Procedures Manual. Phase II Final
Draft. Alaska Department of Fish and Game/Susitna Hydro Aquatic
Studies Program. Anchorage, Alaska.
1983. Adult anadromous fish studies, 1982. Volume 2 of Phase
II Final Report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game/Susitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies Program. Anchorage, Alaska.
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DRAFT/PAGE 2
12/19/83, i/10/84
JAHS/Literature Cited
1983a. Resident and juvenile anadromous fish studies on the ,.
Susitna River below Devil Canyon, 1982. Volume 3 of Phase II Basic
Data Report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game/Susitna Hydro
Aquatic Studies Program. Anchorage, Alaska.
1983b. Winter aquatic studies (October 1982 -May 1983).
Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Phase II Data Report. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game/Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Program.
Anchorage, Alaska.
Bird, F. 1980. Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and other fisheries
investigations in Kotzebue Sound in _1979. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game, Commercial Fish Division, Kotzebue.
Bjornn, T.C., .D.R. Craddock, and D.R. Corkley. 1968. Migr~tion and
survival of Redfish Lake, Idaho, sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 97(4):360-373.
Bovee, I.D. 1982. A guide to habitat analysis using the instream flow
incremental methodology. Instream Flow Information Paper. No. 12.
FWS/035-82/26.
Hunter, J.G. 1959. Survival and production of pink and chum salmon in
a coastal stream. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada. 16:835-886.
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12/19/83, 1/10/84
JAHS/Literature Cited
Mathison, O.A., R.F. Demory, and R.F. Orrell. 1962. Notes on the time ,.
of hatching of red salmon fry in Iliamna District, Bristol Bay,
Alaska. University of Washington, Fisheries Research Institute ..
Circular #172.
Mills, M.J. 1983. Statewide harvest study -1982 data, Volume 24.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Sport Fish Division. Federal
Aid in Fish Restoration Studies. SW-1.
Moberly, S.A., R. Miller, K. Crandell, and S. Bates. 1977. Mark-tag
manual for salmon. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of
Fisheries Rehabilitation Enhancement and Development.
Ricker, W.E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological
statistics of fish populations. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research
Board of Canada. Volume 191.
Robson, D.S. and H.A. Regier. 1964. Sample size in Petersen
mark-recapture experiments. Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society. Volume 93, No. 3.
Thompson, S.H. 1964. The red salmon of Copper River, Alaska. U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. Auke Bay Manuscript Report, 64-12.
Velsen, F.P.J. 1980. Embryonic development in eggs of sockeye salmon
Oncorhynchus nerka. Canadian Special Publication on Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences. Volume 49.
DRAFT /PAGE 4
12/19/83, "1/10/84
JAHS/Literature Cited
White, G. C., D.R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham, and D.L. Otis. 1982. ,.
Capture-recapture and removal models for sampling closed
populatio_ns. Los Alamos National Laboratory. LA-8787-NERP. Los
Alamos, New Mexico.
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APPENDIX B-1
DRAFT /PAGE 1 .
11/9/83, 11/28/83
12/4/83, 1/10/84
JAHS/Appendix A
Instructions for Completing Juvenile Anadromous Habitat
Studies (JAHS) Sampling Forms and Field Data Notes.
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Instructions for Completing Forms RJ 83-01:
1. DATE -Year Month Date
2. LOCATION -Enter name identifying study site.
DRAFT /PAGE 2
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JAHS/Appendix A
3. GRID NUMBER -Enter the established identification number.
4. HABITAT MODEL -Enter Yes or No.
5. COLLECTORS INITIALS -Initials of person who records habitat and
catch data.
6. PAGE NUMBER -Indicate the page number and total number of pages
used.
7. TIME-Military time.
8. HYDROLAB NUMBER -Enter equipment serial number located near
digital readout.
9. TURBIDITY-Enter the turbidity, expressed in NTU's.
10. WATER CHEMISTRY -Enter the correct hydrolab readings in the
correct heading for pH, D.O. (dissolved oxygen in ppm), temperature
(°C), and specific conductance.
11. CELL NUMBER -Enter the number that identifies the cell sampled.
12. CELL AREA -Computed by multiplying mean cell width (6 ft) with
cell length (50 ft). Generally cell area is constant 300 ft 2 ,
however on occasion this value could be more than or less than 300
ft 2 •
14. CELL MEAN DEPTH -Enter the average depth of the cell taken approx-
imately 3 ft from the bank in an area in which the water depth is
representative of the entire cell.
15. VELOCITY -Point velocity obtained from the rating table using
revolution and time information or the velocity reading from a
direct readout meter. The velocity was measured at 0.6 the depth
of the water column.
16. SUBSTRATE -The substrate of each cell will be classified with a
one or two digit substrate code number which expresses the dominant
and subdominant substrates represented within the cell. Enter the
dominant substrate code as the first digit in the column marked
substrate. If a subdominant substrate is represented within the
cell and exceeds ten percent then enter the subdominant substrate
code as the second digit. For example a two digit substrate code
of 17 would indicate that the dominant substrate consisted of silt,
and the subdominant substrate consisted of boulders.
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17.
18.
Substrate Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DRAFT/PAGE 3
11/9/83, 11/28/83
12/4/83, l/10/84
JAHS/Appendix A
Description
Silt
Sand
Small Gravel (1/8" -1")
Large Gravel (1" -3")
Rubble (3" -5")
Cobble (5" -10")
Boulder (greater than 10")
PERCENT COVER -Percent cover of each cell will be classified as a
single digit code. Enter the percent cover code which represents
the sum total of all available cover classes within an individual
celL
Percent Cover Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
Percentage
0 - 5
6 -25
26 -50
51 75
76 -95
96 -100
COVER CLASSIFICATION -The cover types of each cell will be ,clas-
sified with a one or two digit cover code, which will express the
dominant and subdominant cover types repres~nted within the cell.
Enter the dominant and subdomi nant numeri ca 1 cover codes in the
same manner as detailed in the substrate classification.
Cover Code
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Description
No cover
Emergence cover
Aquatic vegetation
Debris deadfall
Overhanging riparian
Undercut banks
Large gravel (1" -3")
Rubble (3" -5")
Cobble or boulder (greater than 5")
19. GEAR CODE -Enter appropriate gear code; 003 for beach seines, 002
for electrofishing.
20. EFFORT -Record beach seine effort as one for each seine haul.
Electrofishing effort will be recorded in seconds.
21. SPECIES CODE -Enter the code that identifies the species of fish
captured.
22. NO. OF FISH -Enter the number of fish caught.
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JAHS/Appendix A
23. LENGTH -Enter total length measured from tip of nose to tip of ,.
caudal lobe.
24. FATE -Enter the fate of the fish, whether the fish will be pre-
served, or released alive.
Instructions for Completing Form RJ 83-03:
1. DATE -Year, Month, Date
2. LOCATION -Name identifying study site.
3. GRID NUMBER -Enter the established identification number.
4. COLLECTOR'S INITIALS -Initia 1 s of person who records site map
data.
5. STAFF GAGE NUMBER -Enter established identification number.
6. STAFF GAGE HEIGHT -Record stage height to the nearest 9.01 foot.
7. TRANSECT NUMBER-Enter established identification number.
8. LEFT (W) EDGE OF WATER -Enter distance rounded to feet from left
transect marker to left edge of water.
9. RIGHT (E) BANK OF WATER -Enter djstance rounded to feet from left
transect marker to right bank of water.
10. RIGHT BOUNDARY -Enter distance in feet from left trans~ct marker
to right transect marker.
11. COMPASS BEARING TO RIGHT -Enter compass bearing from left transect
marker toward right transect marker.
12. PAGE -Indicate the page number and total number of pages used.
Field Notes
Daily field notes-recorded by biologists conducting JAHS studies will
address the following items:
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1. Hydraulic Conditions
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JAHS/Appendix A
This will include preparation of a narrative description of the
mainstem Susitna stage and discharge that affect the hydraulic
conditions within the grid system at each site. Changes between
samp 1 i ng peri ads and other phenomena such as changes in channe 1
morphology caused by high water or icing conditions will also be
recorded. A description of how changes in discharge of the
mainstem have affected the availability of micro-habitat for
juvenile salmon will also be noted in general terms. Problems with
the data base recorded or keys to assist in its interpretation will
also be noted.
2. Habitat, Temperature, Turbidity Data
This section will discuss any information required in interpreting
the temperature data, turbidity data, cover or substrate
descriptions on the data sheets. Factors such as observed
upwelling of ground water, unusual readings or other conditions
that depart from the expected and hypotheses as to the cause of the
anomalies will be described. Any other unusual habitat, water
depth or velocity conditions that may affect the micro-habitat
availability, distribution, abundance of the fisheries in the area
will be included.
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3. Biology
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JAHS/Appendix A
This section will include any observations that are pertinent to
the objectives of this study with regards to the juvenile anadro-
mous fisheries. Observed juvenile fish, that were not collected
from cells within the grid system and their distribution within
backwater zones, and any interpretation required for the collected
specimens will be included. The narrative should also include
changes in the distribution observed during previous sampling
periods and any new phenomena observed that are of particular
interest to the objectives of the study. Hypothesis as to the
factors that are, in the opinion of the field biologist,
influencing the micro-habitat utilization and abundance of the
juvenile salmpn fisheries within the cell and sample grid will be
described.
The notes will be recol"ded so that a continual journal of the
events occurring at a site through the open water season can be
followed from one Sampling period to another. The response of the
fisheries and habitat conditions within individual cells and grids
at each site can be followed over time and can then be described
with regards to effects of mainstem discharge that may differ from
sampling period to sampling period.
Any other field notes that will assist in the interpretation of the
data should also be recorded during the sampling period. These
field notes will provide an additional basis for the preparation of
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JAHS/Appendix A
the final reports on the fisheries at these sites and the response t
of the fisheries to changes in the micro-habitat that occur during
the course of the field season because of different mainstem
Susitna discharges.
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APPENDIX B-2
DRAFT/PAGE 1
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JAHS/Appendix B-2
Operational Procedures for the Epson HX-20
Microcomputer Data Form Program.
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JAHS/Appendix B-2
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES FOR THE EPSON HX-20 DATA FORM PROGRAM
Note to operator: You must type underlined material exactly as it
appears.
TO OPERATE:
1. Turn on computer; turn printer switch on.
2. A menu (numbered 1 ist) should appear on the screen; choose the
selection labelled 11 FORM 11 by typing the appropriate number.
3. A series of questions will follow. The statement 11 This is entry
# 11 will appear, with the question 11 New Count?11
• If the
observation number is correct, just hit the RETURN key~ If the
observation number appearing is incorrect, type J_. The question
11 What is the count?11 should now appear; type in the new correct
observation number followed with the RETURN key.
The question 11 New tape?11 will follow. If the tape is new or you
are changing to the reverse side, type J_. The computer will ask
you to enter a new tape at this time. Hit any key once the new
tape is inserted. If this is not a new tape, hit the RETURN key in
response to the 11 New tape?11 question.
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JAHS/Appendix B-2
4. If a statement 11 Warning-tape has only ### units left 11 appears, you ,.
should replace or turn the tape over and type r to above question
unless you have only a very small number of entries.
5. Now the statement 11 Initializing -Data erased 11 will appear and,
after a few seconds, a new menu. Choose 11 Enter Data•• from the menu
by typing l· 11 Header data 11 and habitat questions should now appear
on the screen. If the information is correct as displayed, hit
RETURN key, otherwise type in the complete correct entry data
followed by the RETURN key. If you hear a warning buzzer sound,
you should reexamine the data entry by use of the arrow keys going
backward or forward. Either the up or down arrows or the left-
right arrows will take you back to the previous entry or the next
entry, as appropriate. Correct the data entry as needed. If a
number is 1.0, enter 1.0, not l· If the set or check time is
midnight, enter 0000 and the date of the coming day.
After all general header information is entered, the buzzer will
sound and two boxes will appear with 11 ###11 under the left one and
11 Species 11 under the right one. The left box will contain a 11 1 11
•
Enter correct species code followed by RETURN or right arrow key.
Enter remaining data according to prompts indicated below boxes.
If the warning buzzer sounds, use the left arrow key to re-examine
last entry. After entering the fate code (or RETURN key if the
fate code is correct as listed), fish #2 will appear. Continue
entering data as appropriate until all fish are accounted for. You
may use the arrow keys to correct any previous entry or to enter
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JAHS/Appendix B-2
only one field, such as length, if all other fields are constant ,.
between fishes; there is no need to hit RETURN key after entries as
the arrow keys perform the same function. After completing the
last entry, enter ! (hold down SHIFT key while pressing the ! key)
and then press the RETURN key to end data entering. Maximum number
of fish entries allowed is 100.
6. The data form menu will reappear. Choose #2 on the menu (type £)
to print data out on the Epson printer. Review this data to ensure
its accuracy. Choose #1 to correct any errors in the habitat and
header data, exiting the data entry after the fish #·comes up by
typing ! followed by the RETURN key. Correct any errors in the
fish data entry by choosing #5 on the menu {type i). To eliminate
entries on the end of the list, choose selection #6 from the menu
(type.§). The question 11 Last fish # to save? will appear. Enter
the 1 ast va 1 i d fish number and press the RETURN key. Another
method to correct errors in the fish entry data is to edit
individual fish entries. To edit individual fish, also choose # 6
and then hit RETURN key in response to the first question. The
questions 11 Fish # on print out?, Species Code?, Number of Fi sh?11
etc., will appear. Enter complete information in response to each
question. The menu will reappear after entering the fate code.
7. Reprint the data using selection #2 if the changes are extensive.
Otherwise, just make pencil corrections on the paper printed out
earlier. Note whether or not pencil changes on paper have been
made on the Epson.
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JAHS/Appendix B-2
8. Select 11 File/Print11 from the menu (type 1). After the data is ,.
stored, answer Y to the 11 Hit Y for Backup?11 question. You must
make a backup copy of the tape. After the backup copy is
completed, the computer will ask 11 Backup OK?11 If there were no
problems with the backup procedure, such as inserting the wrong
tape, etc., type 'j_ to this question, otherwise insert new backup
tape and repeat. You must exit this routine with a 'j_ to 11 Backup
O.K.?11 in order to ensure that the next entry session will be
properly updated.
9. To enter a new data set or the next trap number, choose 11 KILL 11 on
the menu (type i) or turn the compute~ off and repeat the process
from item 1 on this list.
ADDITIONAL HELPFUL HINTS:
If you have entered a large amount of data and the program breaks, you
can resume operation by typing CONT followed by the RETURN key. If an
abort message appears, you must reenter all of the data. If typing CONT
does not work, type GOTO 90. This will allow the menu to reappear and
you can resave the data to file or edit any errors without updating the
observation number. If this occurs before you have exited the 11 Backup
OK?11 question properly, the data set wi 11 overwrite the data entered
earlier using the ''Print/File option 11
• Be sure this is what you want to
happen before completing this procedure.
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JAHS/Appendix B-2
Any errors observed after the data are. stored should be noted on both ).
printouts with a large indication of the fact that they are inaccurate
and need editing in the office. Any repeated or omitted observation
numbers on the printouts should likewise be noted.
IF PROBLEMS OCCUR:
If the program will not run properly, you may have to erase the program
and reload it from tape.
To reload the program:
1. Insert program tape.
2. Turn computer on and select 11 BASIC 11 from the main menu (type
g).
3. Type LOGIN 2, then hit RETURN key; type TITLE 1111
, then hit
RETURN key; type NEW, then hit RETURN key.
4. Type WIND, then hit RETURN; after cursor reappears, type LOAD,
then hit RETURN.
5. After the tape stops running (cursor reappears) and no errors
occurred, type TITLE 11 FORM 11 then hit RETURN. If an 10 ERROR 11
occurs, repeat steps 4 and 5.
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JAHS/Appendix B-2
6. Type CLEAR 350,120 then hit RETURN. Now hit the MENU key and ,.
select 11 FORM 11
• The program should now run normally.
If the program still will not run properly or the computer malfunctions,
you may have to press the RESET key, the red one on the right side of
the box. This erases the program and any data not saved. Then repeat
the last six steps to reload the program.