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Home My WebLink AboutAPA4176Ic-O\LØLLREVIEWOFREPORTSCookInletandTributariesCopperRiverandGulfCoastTananaRiverBasinYukonandKuskokwimRiverBasinsSOUTHCENTRAL-RAILBELTAREA,ALASKA(HydroelectricPowerStudy)PUBLICHEARINGANCHORAGE,ALASKA8MAY1974PreparedbyAlaskaDistrict,CorpsofEngineers TABLE OF CONIEI]?S anscript of Hearing Section I Exhibits and Letters Section II Record of Attendance Section III Notice of Public Meeting Section D/ Mailing List Section V SECTIONIThPNSCRIPTOFHEABING P-R-O-C-E-E-D-I-N-G-SCOL.DEBELIUS:Goodevening,LadiesandGentlemen.MynameisCol.ChuckDebelius.I’mtheAlaskaDistrictEngineer.I’dliketowelcomeallofyouthiseveningtoourpublichearingontheSouthcentralRailbeltStudyaboutwhichI’llspeakinafewmoments.I’dliketobegin,howeverbymakingsurethateachofyouwillhavehadanopportunitytofilloutoneofthesecards.Ifyouhaven’tgottenone,pleaseraiseyourhandandsomeonewillcomeupandgiveyouone.Youmayindicateonthecardifyou’dliketospeakthisevening.Iwouldobservethatanyofyouwhochangeyourmindmidwaythroughthemeetinganddecidethatyou’dliketosaysomething,evenifyou’vecheckedno,maystillraiseyourhandlateronandwe’llbehappytohearfromyou.Iwouldalsoliketoobservethatanyofyouwhomaydesiretosubmitwrittencommentstobemadeapartofthepublicrecordisperfectlyfreetodosoand,infact,ifanytimewithinthenext30daysyouwillsubmitwrittencommentstothedistrict,wewillbeabletomakethemapartoftherecord.After30days,ifyoustillwanttosubmitwrittencomments,we’dbehappytogetthem,but,ofcourse,therecordcan’tbeheldupforeverandwe’llbepublishingitbythen.Iwouldliketoobserve,too,thatanyofyouwhofeelasifyouwouldliketohaveacopyofthepublicrecordmaycontactthedistrictwithinaboutamonthandwewillbeabletofurnishonetoyou.I’dliketobegin,firstofall,byintroducingsomeofthepeopleatthetablewithmethiseveningandthentalkalittlebitabouthowtheCorpsofEngineersoperateswithintheStateofAlaska.Tomyleft,yourright,isMr.BobParnell.BobhappenstobetheStudyManagerfortheSouthcentralRailbeltStudy.NexttohimisMr.WeldonOpp,whoiscurrentlytheChiefofourPlanningBranchwithintheEngineeringDivisionoftheAlaskaDistrict.NexttohimisBobCross,inchargeofPlanningfortheAlaskaPowerAdministration.OnmyrightfirstoffisCharleyCheung,ChiefofEngineeringwithintheAlaskaDistrict.And,finally,DuanePetersen,whoisrepresentingourEnvironmentalSectionthisevening.Ofcourse,theyoungladyoverheretakingcopiousnotesisourReporter.I’dliketosayafewwordshowitisthatastudyofthetypethatwehaveunderwaycomestobeand1 whatitmeanstoyouandtomeandtoallofushereintheStateofAlaska.Andhavingdonethat,I’mgoingtothenaskBobCrosstomakeanycommentshedesirestomakeonbehalfofAPA,finallytoaskBobParnelltodescribealittlemorespecificallysomewordsaboutthestudywe’regoingtotalkaboutthisevening,andthenturnitovertoyouandaskforyourcomments.Iwouldaskthatatthattimewhenweturnitovertoyouforyourcomments,ifyouwould,thatyoucometothefronttableand.identifyyourselfbynamebeforeyoubeginyourcomments.Thatmakesitaloteasiertokeepadecentrecordoftheproceedings.Firstofall,IthinkyoushouldunderstandthatanytimethattheCorpsofEngineersundertakesastudy,eitherofthenatureoftheonewetalkedaboutthiseveningorvirtuallyanyotherhavingtodowithcivilworksinthestate,oreveninthecountryforthatmatter,wedoitinresponsetoaresolutioningeneralfromtheCongress,andthatresol-utionwillhavecometousbecausesomeoneorsomegroupwillhavecommunicatedtotheCongress,eithertotheirsenatorortotheirrepresentative,thefactthattheybelieveaneedexistsforaparticularthing.OncewehavereceivedaresolutionandthefundsfromtheCongress,weareaskedtoundertakeastudy,andthestudythatweundertakethenhastoaccomplishcertainthingsand,really,althoughthereareverymanyofthem,I’dliketojustkindofbreakitdownintofourbasicthings.Weareasked,firstofall,todetermineiftherereallyisaneedfortheparticularthingthatwe’vebeenaskedtostudy.Now,ofcourse,asIindicated,someonewillhavetoldtheircongressmanthatthereisaneed,butwegotoapublicmeetingsuchasthisandweaskyoutocommunicatetouswhetheryoubelieveaneeddoesexistfortheparticularthing,orifyoubelieveaneeddoesnotexist,because,really,whenitcomesrightdowntoit,theonlywayinwhichwecanproperlymakeareporttotheCongressofwhatisorisn’tneededwithintheareaforwhichwe’reresponsibleistobeabletogotoyouasthepublicandaskforyourreactiontotheproposedthingthatwe’restudying.Andinthatrespect,Ithinkit’simportanttonotethatwealwayshavewhatwecallthefirststagepublichearing,andthat’sthekindofthingwe’rehavingtonight.Atthefirststagepublichearing,youreallynotonlyhaveachancetoinfluenceourstudyintermsofyourperceptionofneedorlackthereof,butalsointheeventthatyoubelievethestudyisappropriateinthesenseoftheparticularthingthat’sbeinglookedat,youhaveanopportunity,ifyouwill,toinfluencethat2 thing.Forexample,whenwetalkaboutasmallboatharborinsomeareas,youmaywanttotalkmoreaboutw1rethatharborshouldbeifyouperceivethatthereisaneedforone.Youmaywanttotalkaboutwhatkindofprotectionorwhatkindofcapacityitshouldhaveandsoforth.Thatkindofinformationfromthepublicisveryimportanttous.Ifwecandeterminethatthereisaneedforaparticularthingandifthatcomesfromyou,thepublic,wethenmustlookatotherthings.Wenecessarilymustconsiderwhatalternativesthereareforsatisfyingthatneed.Andthisevening,forexample,ifitshouldbedeterminedthatthereisaneedforpowerproductioninthisarea,forincreasedpowerproductioninthisarea,thenwehavetoexaminealternativewaysofproducingthatpower,fromtwostandpoints:One,fromthestandpointofsimplytheproductionofpoweritself.And,ofcourse,thatkindofalternativewouldconsiderthingslikenon-renewableresourcesintermsofoilandnaturalgasandcoalandnuclearpowerandthingsofthatnature.And,ontheotherhand,renewableresourcesinbroadterms,intermsofthingslikesolarpower,windpower,geothermalpowerand,ofcourse,hydroelectricpower.Insofarastheactualworkonthestudyint1eventaneedisseen,ourengineeringanalysiswouldprimarilybeconcernedwithanalysisofhydropower,becausethat,afterall,isthechargefromtheCongress.Now,Iwouldsuggestthatthatdoesn’tmeanthatwedon’tlookatotheralternativeswhenwestartworryingaboutenvironmentalmatters.Wecertainlydo,andaboutthoseI’llspeakinamoment.Well,let’sassumethatwedoanalyzeaseriesofalternatives.Foreachofthosealternatives,wehavetobeabletomakesomekindofindicationtotheCongresswhetheranyoneofthoseiseconomicallyjustifiedorallofthem.Andby“economicjustification,”wemeanthatthebenefitstobederivedfromaparticularprojectexceedthecostofconstructingthatproject.Wecallitthebenefit-to-costratio.Now,forapowerprojectorapowerstudyofthiskind,thebenefit-to-costratioisfairlyobvious.Inotherwords,clearly,thebenefitsfromtheprojecttotheFederalGovernmentcomefromtherevenuesreceivedfromthesaleofpower,andthecost,ofcourse,iswhatittakestobuildit.That’snotthelimit,however,onmanyprojects.Forexample,evenonsomeoftheoneswemightconsiderlookingatthisevening,thereisalwaysthepossibility,andcertainlythatformsapartofourstudy,ofmultipurpose3 aspectsofindividualprojects.Forexample,intheeventthatthereisaprojectundertakentoproducehydropower,itmightalsohavecertainrecreationalvalues,andiftherearebenefitstobederivedfromrecreationalvalues,theytooformapartofthisbenefit-to-costratio.And,finally,ofthefourthingsImentioned,need,alternatives,andeconomics,thereisafourthaspectwhichisveryimportant,andthatistheenvironmentalaspectsofanyundertaking.Wemust,asyouknow,bylawprepareanenvironmentalimpactstatementonanygivenprojectthatwemightrecommendtotheCongress.AndIthinkthatit’sveryimportanttounderstandthatinsomecasesinthesamesensethatabenefit-to-costratiomaybethebugaboothatmakesusgobacktotheCongressandsay,“We’reverysorry,butwecannotrecommendthisprojecttoyou,becauseit’snoteconomical.”Inthesamesense,itcouldbetruethatwehavetogobacktotheCongressandsay,“I’msorry,wecannotrecommendthisprojecttoyou,becausetheenvironmentaldisadvantagesaresogreattheyoverweighanyfavorableeconomicsassociatedwiththeproject.”AndIthinkallofusareawarewhenwetalkabouthydropoweroftheRampartDamproject.Ithink,certainly,rightnowinareanalysisoftheRampartDamproject,itwouldnotbedifficulttobeabletoreportafavorablebenefit-to-costratio,giventhewayinwhichpowerrateshavegoneuplately.Butwewouldhaveanextremelydifficulttimereportingafavorableenvironmentalimpactonthatparticularproject.Sothat’sthekindofexamplethatIwouldusetoindicatehowitisthattheenvironmentalmatterscanbeextremelyimportantindeterminationsastowhetherornotaparticularundertakingshouldgoornotgo.Well,havingsaidallthat,I’dliketosayjustafewmorewordsaboutthisparticularstudyand,asIsaid,Bobinafewmomentswilldescribeitinmoredetail.But,asyouprobablyknow,theSouthcentralRailbeltareareallytakesinthiscomplexwhichincludesAnchorageandFairbanksandextendsdowntheKenaiPeninsula,includesSewardandsoforth.Itisthatareaofthestateinwhichabout75percentofthepopulationlies,andthecurrentpowerconsumptionintheareaisverysignificant.TherehavebeenprojectionsonthepartoftheAlaskaPowerSurveythatwouldindicatecertainpossiblegrowths,andcertainlythatkindofinformationbecomesimportanttousinouranalysisofastudyofthistype.Butevenmoreimportanttomethanthatkindofinputatthistimeisyourreactiontotheneedorlackthereofforthekindofstudythatwe’redoingand4 forthekindofprojectthatcouldcometopassifaneedexists.Iwouldsuggest,though,thatbecausethisareadoesincludealargeportionofthepopulation,ithasreceivedsomeattentioninthepastinterms,notonlyofgrowth,intermsofpopulation,butcertainlyintermsofengineeringpossibilities.AndIthinkwecanobservethatmorethan40differentpossiblehydropowersiteshavebeenidentifiedinthearea.And,clearly,ifwearetoundertakeastudyfortheCongress,weshouldestablishsomeorderofpriority,andtheorderofprioritywhichwe’veestablishedtoconductthestudywouldhaveuslookfirstattheUpperSusitnaRiverforavarietyofreasons,nottheleastofwhichhastodowiththefactthatthepotentialthereisverygreatforhydropowerdevelopment.Theregioninwhichwewouldlookisbeyondthepointatwhichmigratoryfishwouldgo,andthatkindofthing,becauseitisontheonehandeconomical,ontheotherhandthepossibilityoflessenvironmentalproblem,and,finally,becauseofitscentrallocationinthisgreat,bigpopulatedarea,allleadustolooktowardtheUpperSusitnaastheareawhichoughttobestudiedfirst.Iexpectthatourentirestudywillprobablylastfourorfiveyears.Hopefully,wewillbeabletoanalyzethosepossibilitiesorpotentialsontheUpperSusitnawithinthefirsttwoyearsorso.Well,havingsaidallthat,IhopeI’vesetthestageforyou.IhopethateachofyouwillrealizethatastheDistrictEngineerthiseveningthatitisnotmyfunctiontotrytoinfluenceyouonewayoranother.Nyfunctionhereistoreceivefromyou,ifyouwill,yourattitudes,yourobservations,yourcommentsorreservationswithrespecttothisideaofwhetIrornotaneedexistsforhydropowerdevelopmentand,furthermore,thoseofyouwhocaretomakethem,yourobservationsaboutwhatalternativesmayexist,aboutwhattheeconomicsofthesituationare,aboutenvironmentalmatters.Now,itturnsoutthatbecausethisareahasbeenlookedatinthepast,it’sworthnotingthatinthelate1950’sandearly‘60’s,theAlaskaPowerAdministration,atthattimeundertheBureauofReclamation,astudywasmadeofaparticularsitecalledDevilCanyon,andtheAlaskaPowerAdministrationhasrecentlyupdatedthatearly1960’sreportonDevilCanyon.Iwouldsuggestthatinouranalysiswhenwegettolookingatalternatives,shouldaneedbeexpressed,clearlyoneofthealternativesthatwewouldhavetoanalyzeisthatAlaskaPowerAdministrationproposal.Thatisnottosay,ofcourse,thatthatnecessarilywouldrepresentafinalproject,butitiscertainlyworthnotingthatalotofefforthasbeenputintothatparticularstudy.5 AndIwouldliketoaskBobCrossfromAPAifhewouldcaretotomakeafewcommentsonwhatAPA’sinvolvementhasbeen.AfterBobisthrough,BobParnellwillspeakforafewmoments,showyousomeslidesabouttheareawe’reconcernedwith,andthenwe’llaskyouforyourpublicconifflent.Sowiththat,I’llturnitovertoBobCross.Bob?MR.CROSS:Thankyou,Colonel.AndI’llbeverybrief.TheColoneljustmentionedthatouroffice,AlaskaPowerAdministration,hasupdatedsomeoftheearlierstudiesonDevilCanyonandIhaveherethereport,whatitlookslike,it’scalled“DevilCanyonStatusReport.”It’sgotadateofNay,1974,andit’sgotafairamountofinformationonthebackgroundofDevilCanyon.ThereporthasafairamountofinformationonthepreviousstudiesonDevilCanyonandothersitesintheUpperSusitna.Ifanyonewouldliketoseeit,Icangetyournameafterthemeeting,perhaps,andmailyouacopy.Heretoday,AlaskaPowerAdministrationisoneoftheInteriorDepartmentbureaus,and,astheColonelmentioned,priortoabout1967,ourofficewasAlaskaDistrictofficeoftheBureauofReclamation.AndtheBureauduringitsstayinAlaskadidfairlyextensiveinvestigationsintheSusitnaBasinandabunchofpotentialhydroelectricsitesand,morespecifically,ontheUpperSusitnapotential.SooneofthereasonsforbeingheretodayistomakecertainthatalloftheinformationfromthoseearlierReclamationstudiesareavailableasinputtothisnewSouthcentralRailbeltStudy.We’llbeworkingwiththeCorps,particularlyonthetransmissionandpower-marketingaspectsoftheSouth-centralRailbeltStudyandalsoprovidingmaterialfromtheearlierstudies.That’sreallyaboutall,thatIhavetosay.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyou,Bob.I’llnowaskBobParnelltoshowyouafewslidesthatwehave,whichmayhelpsetthestagefortheparticularareaofconcernhere.So,Bob?MR.PARNELL:Thankyou.IfIcouldhavethelights,please?ThefirstslidethatIhavetoshowyouindicatessomeofthe40odddamsitesthatcouldbelocatedwithintheSouthcentralRailbeltareaofAlaska.SomeofthemorenotablesitesincludeBradleyLakeontheKenai,fourdamsiteswithintheUpperSusitnaRiver,RampartDamandamultitudeofotherpossibledamsites.Thisslide6 hereindicatesprettymuchwhatwewouldcalltheSouth-centralRailbeltarea.ThesouthcentralcomesfromthatportionofthewaterresourcesdesignationfortheStateofAlaskaandtherailbelt,Iwouldpresume,comesfromthefactthattheAlaskaRailroadrunsfromSewardthroughAnchorageandonupthroughFairbanks.Sowe’dhavetheSouthcentralRailbeltRegion.Thisshowssomeofthemorenotablepotentialdamsiteswithinthearea.AsColonelDebeliusindicatedearlier,ifweweretolookwithinthealternativesandataparticularsitewithintheUpperSusitnaRiverarea,wecouldlocateapproximatelyfourdams.ThesedamswouldbeDevilCanyon,Watana,VeeandDenali.Itshouldbenotedthatthissetofdamsisapproximatelyhalfwaybetweentheloadcenters,electricalloadcenters,ofAnchorageandtheFairbanksarea.ThisslideshowsprettymuchhowtheDevilCanyonareawouldlookfromthesteepwalledcanyonswithinthearea.ThisisprettymuchareliefshowingthatiftherewasadamintheDevilCanyonarea,oneintheWatanaarea,oneintheVeearea,oneintheDenaliarea,andoneflewoverthearea,onewouldseesomethingsimilartothisshowingthebackwatereffectforthereservoirs.ThisisprettymuchaplanemetricviewoftheUpperSusitnaDamsitesshowingtheDevilCanyonDansite,WatanaDamsite,VeeDamsiteandtheDenaliDansite.ThisisaprofileoftheSusitnaRiverandwhatitwouldlooklikeifthefourdamswereconstructed.InthelowerareatoyourleftistheDevilCanyon,nextwouldbetheWatana,theVeeandthentheDenali.ThesewouldbedifferentalternativesforthedevelopmentoftheSusitnaRiverarea.Anotheralternativewouldbeasingledamconcept,whichwouldbepossiblyasingledamlocateddownintheareawhereDevilCanyonisatthistime.Itshouldbenotedthatwithonelargedaminthearea,thereisapossibilityofitfloodingoutthedamsiteupstream.ThesearesomeoftheconsiderationsthatwewilllookatinourSouthcentralRailbeltStudy.Colonel?COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyou,Bob.Andwiththat,Iwouldliketomaximizetheamountoftimethatwehaveforyoutomakeyourownobservations.Ifwecanhavesomelights,we’llbegintohearfromthepublic.Ithinkwe’vegottenalotmorecards.Ifyoucouldjustbringthemuptothetable,I’dappreciateit.Afewpeople7 haveindicatedtomethenecessitytoleaveearlyandI’mtryingtoarrangethecardsinsuchawaythatIgivethemachancetospeakfirst.IwouldliketobeginaskingWesleyGregg,whoishereonbehalfofRepresentativeDonYoung.MS.GREGG:OnbehalfoftheCongressman,hisstatement:Iappreciatetheopportunitytosubmittestimony.Ihavejustafewbriefstatementstomakeandregretthattimingdoesnotpermitmetoappearinperson.Ifeel,asdomanyothers,thattheDevil’sCanyondamcomplexwouldprovidevirtuallyallofAlaska’selectricalenergyneeds.Accordingly,Iintroducedlegislationearlyinthesecondsessionofthe93rdCongresstoauthorizetheconstructionoftwodamsontheupperSusitnaRiver.Thebill,HR12382,seeksCongressionalapprovaltospend$1milliononenvironmentalandfeasibilitystudiesand$750millionforconstruction.ThebillhasbeenreferredtotheWaterandPowerResourcesSubcommitteeoftheHouseInteriorCommitteewhichischairedbyBizzJohnsonofCalifornia,whohasproventobeagoodfriendofAlaskainthepastandismostinterestedinbeginningconsiderationoftheDevil’sCanyonbillintheimmediatefuture.Thetimeisright.Justasthenationisattemptingtobecomeself-sufficientinitsenergyneeds,somustAlaska.WecanharnessAlaska’sterrainandclimatebybuildingthedamupintheTalkeetnaMountainsandmakingthewintersnowsdosomeworkbeforerunningdowntheSusitnaintoCookInlet.Already,theCityofAnchorageMunicipalLightandPowerhasbeenservednoticethatrateincreasesareontheway.WhileFairbanks,andparticularlyAnchorage,haveenjoyedpoweratreasonablerates,thosedaysarenumbered.TheTrans-Alaskagaslinemaystaveoffalargeincreaseinpriceforelectricalproduction,butonlyforafewyears.Thecompetitionforgasandoilwillbesogreatbeforetheendofthisdecade,Devil’sCanyonwillbeconsideredcompetitivepower.Devil’sCanyon,bytheendofthenextdecade,willbecheappower.Asthisnationrealizesmoreandmoreeverydayjusthowpreciousouroilreservesare,wemustbeginseriouslytoconsiderpracticalalternativestopetroleumasmuchaspossibletoheatourhomes,powerourindustry,andhelpusinourdailylives.8 Governmentagenciesarestudyingalternativenon-pollutingwaysofproducingenergy,includingsuchexoticsourcesassolarpower,geothermalenergyandevenwindpower.Someofthese,especiallygeothermalenergy,havepromiseinAlaska.Butnonecanbedevelopedandputtouseasfastandeconomicallyaswaterpower.Devil’sCanyonmustalsobeviewedastoitsnationalcontribution,forfundswill,comefromtheFederalGovernment.Nootherfirmproposalhasbeenmadetodate.Ourgovernmenthasenjoyedafewmonthsofveryfavorablebalanceofpaymentsduringtheenergycrisis,buttheseoccurredbecausetheUnitedStatescouldnotbuygasandoilweneededabroad.Withtheendoftheoilembargo,theUnitedStateshasagainbeenplungedintoanunfavorablebalanceofpaymentsbytheresumptionofourneedforimportinggasandoil.UnlesstheUnitedStatesmovedstronglytodevelopitsalternatesourcesofpower,ourimbalancewillcontinuetoworsen,whichcanonlyleadtoaloweringofthestandardoflivingforallAmericans.Theendofthecenmrywillseetheendofgasandoilasweknowittoday.Americansmustconserveeverycubicfootofgasandeverybarrelofoil--not:onlyintheSouthForty-eightmustwefindalternatesourcesofenergy--butalsoinAlaska.Devil’sCanyonisanalternate.Hydro,electricpoweristhecleanestsourceofenergyavailable.EverycubicfootofgasandeverybarrelofoilsavedinAlaskamakesthatmuchmoreavailablefortheSouthForty-eightandthatmuchlessthatmustbeimported.PotentialhydroelectricsitesontheSusitnaRiverwerefirstdiscoveredmorethantwenty-fiveyearsago.ButdetailedproposalsforDevil’sCanyonwereshelvedforyearswhileCongress,theStateofAlaska,andgovernmentagencieswrestledwithcontroversialplansfordammingtheYukonRiveratRampart.However,theeconomicandenvironmentalfactorsthatkilledtheRampartDamproposalmaketheDevil’sCanyondamlookvery,veryattractive.WherethereweremajorenvironmentalobjectionstoRampartbecauseofitsimpactonwildlifeandland,theimpactofDevil’sCanyonwillbeminimal.Nosalmonspawnintheupperreachesoftheriver,removingonemajorobjectionandthelocationdoesnotconflictwithfederal,state,orNativelands.Asyouknow,oncecompleted,Devil’sCanyonwouldgenerate2.9billionkilowatthoursof9 electricityperyear,equallingAlaska’scurrentstatewideelectricdemand,andsupplyingenergyalongtherailbelt.Consideringthetimeneededtobuildsuchadam,aboutfiveyears,andthegeneral’growthinAlaskaduringthecomingdecade,IthinkitismostimportantthatCongressbeginsworkonthisprojectthisyear.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouverymuch,Wes.AndIwould,justtomakesureeveryoneisinformed,mentiononethingwhichIneglectedtomentionamomentago.Thatis,wearereallyconductingthepublicmeetingtonightinresponsetothatresolutionwhichreferstotheSouthcentralRailbeltStudy.Thereisanalternativewayinwhichprojectscouldcometobestudiedorundertakeninthisarea,andthealternativewayisrepresentedbyabillwhichhasbeenintroducedintheHousebyDonYoungandintheSenatebySenatorStevens,whichwouldinthatbillauthorizeconstructionofaprojectatDevilCanyon.SoIthinkthatwasthebillthatwasmentionedearlyoninthediscussionhere.Iwouldalsomentiononeotherthing.I’mnotsurehowmanyofyouherethiseveningwillhavecomefromtheKenaiPeninsulaortheHomerarea,butthereisalsoaprojectdowntherecalledBradleyLake,which,althoughisseparatefromtheSoutlicentralRailbeltStudyinthesensethatitisitselfaseparatestudy,ifyouhavequestionsorcommentsaboutthataswell,we’dbehappytohearthemthisevening.OurnextindividualwhoindicatedthedesiretospeakwasIreneRyanfromtheDepartmentofEconomicDevelopmentintheState.Irene.MRS.RYAN:Thankyou,Colonel.I’mspeakingonbehalfoftheDepartmentofEconomicDevelopmentaswellastheStateofAlaska.I’llsubmitawrittenreport,butI’dliketoexpandonitorallyalittle.I’vereviewed,aswellasthemembersinmydepartmentandtheGovernor’sstaff,thereportsontheDevilCanyonprojects,thosedatedMarch,1961andMay,‘74fromtheAlaskaPowerAdministration,aswellasabriefingmemorandumfromtheHenryKaiserCompany,whichyouareallfamiliarwith.TheotherreportsoftheAlaskaElectricPowerAdministrationwithregardtostatisticsonelectricalenergyduringthe196O-’7010 periodarealsofamiliartomeandtomydepartment.WehavecontributedtothestudiesthatarecurrentlyunderwayforthepowerneedsanticipatedforAlaskaforthefuturedecade.IwouldliketosubmitfortherecordthegeneralstatementwhichsupportsthestudyanddevelopmentofahydropowerfacilityorfacilitiesatDevilCanyon.Theintroductiontothestatementis:TheStatecontinuestogiveitsfullendorsementtothedevelopmentoftheDevilCanyonhydroelectricproject.WiththeimpendingenergyshortagenowfacingtheUnitedStatesandtheanticipatedfutureenergyneedsofAlaska,theStatefeelsitwouldbeshortsightednottoproceedwiththisprojectasexpedientlyaspossible.Thepotentialforresourcedevelopmentinthisregionofthestateislikelytobegreaterthananyother,sinceitislocatedclosetobothpopulationcentersandrelativelyinexpensivetransportation.Withtheanticipatedincreaseinthecostofpower,thedevelopmentoftheDevilCanyonprojectwouldassure,inpartatleast,asupplyofcleaneconomicpowerforthisrapidlydevelopingregionofthestateformanyyearstocome.Inaddition,DevilCanyonpowerwouldsupplythemissinglinkintheAnchorage-Fairbankspowergrid.However,wemustregardthisprojectincontextwiththenationalneedandthenationalandinternationaldevelopmentsinthefieldsofenergyandminerals.Thisexaminationmustnotonlyfocusontheshortterm,i.e.withinthedecadeto1985,butalsothelongertermuntiltheyearof2,000andbeyond.Intheshortterm,increasedimportsofoilandgasacceleratingandhighercostsareagainaffectingourbalanceoftrade.Thispastquarter,withtheeasingupshipmentsintotheUnitedStates,wehaveagainbeenplungedintoareversebalanceoftrade.This,ofcourse,affectsthevalueofthedollarabroadandalsoaddstotheinflationofthecostofeverythingthatweconsumeathome.Coalhasbeenmentionedasthenextnearsubstituteforoilandgas,butthesolutionofpolutionproblemswillresultinmuchhighercoststhanthosethatwehaveassociatedwiththeutilizationofcoalinthepast.CoalgasificationintheFourCornersarea,whichisnowunderwayandwhichwillutilizestripwesterncoal,isestimatedtobecostingaroundonedollarperthousandBTU’spercubicfoot.Thisisamuchgreaterfigurethanthatwhichisthecostofgasornaturalgasat11 thepresenttime.However,eveninthecaseofgas,theexistingcostsforgasaregoingtoveryrapidlyacceleratewiththeincreasingcostofexplorationofhavingtogotoremoteareastodevelopfieldsandwiththeexhaustionoftheprolificcheapergasfieldsthathavebeenpreviouslydevelopedwithinthestate.I’dliketoalsomentionthatthecoalliquificationatthepresenttimeutilizingwesterncoalsagainandthepresentabilitytosynthesizeoilfromcoalplacesthecostofthatoilateighttoninedollarsabarrel.Thereisconsiderablediscussionintradejournals,aswellasatthenationallevelbythosethatareconcernedthatitisquitepossiblethattheexportingcountriesaregoingtoreducethepriceofoilandgastotheUnitedStatesjustbelowthatwhichwouldmakeitpossibleforustoeconomicallyproduceoiland/orgasfrrnncoal,thusmakingusdependentuponthemforimports.Chemicalfeedstocksarealsoveryimportantfromourfossilfields.F.PerryWilsonoftheUnionCarbideattheNationalRefinersmeetinglastweekcalledattentiontothefactthataswefacethesedaysinthefutureofallocationsandincreasingpricesinoilandgas,thatthechemicalfeedstocksshouldalsobeconsideredintheseallocations.Hesaid,“Itunkesnosensetoallocatefuelforthefarmerandthephysician,unlessyoucanalsoguaranteetiresforthetractorandtheambulance.”Veryfewpeopleintoday’spublicwhoareusedtoallthematerialsthattheyseearoundthemrealizetheutterdependenceofAmericansocietyasweknowittodayupontheproductsthatcomefromoilandgas.Imightjustinterjectherethesprayonmyhair,thelipstick,mycreamsonmyface,mydress,mysilkstockings,myshoes,myunderwear,mycoatwhichisimitationfur,areallproductsthatoriginatefromoilorgas.Ofcourse,theincreaseinpriceandthereductionofsupplieswillbringsubstitutions,butthesesubstitutionscandemandmore,notless,energytoproduce.Mr.Wilsonseesanapproximatemaximummixfortheyearof2,025aspossibly45percentcoal,45percentnuclearandhydropower,and10percentpetroleum.Thisisforenergy.Thecurrentmixis78percentgasandoiland17percentcoalwithhardlyaregisteredamountforothersourcesofenergy.Allusesofenergyorusesofmaterialsthatproduceenergy,suchasthehydrocarbons.,areneedednowandtheywillbeneededinthefuture.Themoreesoteric12 sources,suchassolarorgeothermalorwindpower,havepresentlimitations.Futuredevelopmentsandtechnologycanmakesomeofthesefeasible.Buttheabilitytoadvancethistechnologydependsuponthepresentcontinueddevelopmentofenergy.ThenationalpictureaffectsAlaska.Itisobviousthatasnationalneedsincrease,theimportanceofAlaska’soilandgasandAlaska’scoalisgoingtobetakenintoconsiderationandit’squitepossiblethatAlaskanswillnothaveasayinhowtheseallocationsaremade.Anotherfactortobeconsideredisthatthepresentpopulationbulge,whichisbetweenthe20and40yearages,representsoverhalfofthetotalpopulationoftheUnitedStates.Thisisthebabyboomthatjustashortwhileagowasfloodingouruniversities.Theyarenowcomingintothepopulationtomaketheirhomes,tofindjobsandtohavebabies.Becausetheyhavedepartedfromthecollegesandareenteringourjobmarket,itistheresponsibilityofgovernmentandallofustoconsidertheopportunitiesthatwe’regoingtogivethemtoshareinthegoodlifethatweallhave.ThissamepopulationbulgeexistsinAlaskaandwearealsoaffectedbythefactthatintheimmediatefuture,wearegoingtohavetofindjobsforapproximately30percentagainasmanypeopleasareworkingtoday,andthesearenotpeoplewhocomeinfromoutsideofAlaska,butourownAlaskan-borncitizens.Through1960to‘68,intheUnitedStates,16millionpeoplemovedfrompovertylevelstomiddleclass.However,in‘69to‘70,3400haveslippedbacktothepovertylevel.TheAmericandreamofmakingitpossibleforeveryindividualtohaveanopportunitytoenjoythebenefitsofourcivilizationmustnotbelost.AllthesenationaldependentsexpectandwillaffectwhatwedowithAlaska’sresources.Also,wemustnotforgetthatwiththisgrouporpopulationbulgeintheUnitedStates,manyoftheseyoungpeoplearegoingtolooktoAlaska.Theyaregoingtocomeregardlessofwhatwedo,whethertherearejobshereo.rnot.IwasofthatgroupatthetimethatIleftcollege,anditwouldnothavemadeanydifferencetomewhethersomeonesaidIcouldorcouldn’tfindajobinAlaska.Icameregardless.Aslongaswepermittheindependentmovementofourpeopletowheretheydesire,wearegoingtohaveagrowinginfluxofpeopleintoAlaskaandtheyinturnwillrequireadditionalsourcesofenergy.Therefore,Ithinkthegrowthcurvethatweshowforpopulationasa13 aresultofstatisticalanalysisshouldtakesomeconsiderationofthisunexpectedeffect.AnotherfactorthataffectstheenergyconsumptionintheAlaskaeconomyisthefactthatanAlaskancitizenrequiresmoreenergypercapitathanasimilarcitizenintheLower48.Thisisduetothefactthatwehavemoredegreedaysofheat,moredaysofartificiallightduringthewinterdarkness.Weneedmoreenergytooperateourutilities,ourwaterandoursewerdisposal.Andwiththeconcernfortheenvironmentforkeepingourairandourwaterpure,inordertoexistatall,weshallhavetoconsumemoreenergyinordertotreattheseeffluentsandtokeepourwaterandourairpure.Hydropoweroranyformofenergycanbeexportedintheformofproductsthatrequireagreatdealofenergy.Andtheseproductsareinshortsupplyalready.Wehearthatthenextcrisisisnotgoingtobeoneofenergy,butoneofmetalsandmaterials.However,intheproductionofthemetalsandmaterialsthatwe’regoingtoneedtocontinueourcivilizationasitisnow,wearegoingtoneedincreasingamountsofenergy.Again,industryislookingtoAlaskaastheenergy-richstate.Notone,butseveral,companieswhoareinterestedinfabricatingmetalproducts,whoareinterestedinthepurificationofminerals,whoareinterestedinaluminumplantsandcementplants,havealreadyvisitedourdepartmentandareaskingusastothepossibilitiesoflocatingtheirplantsinAlaska.SourcesofenergyintheUnitedStates,intheLower48,andthePacificNorthwestaregettingscarce,andthesecompanies,recognizingthefactthattheyaregoingtobeexpectedtosupplytheAmericanpublicwiththeirneedsintheseminerals,arelookingforothersourcesofenergysupply,inthecourseofwhichtheyhavecometousinAlaska.Anotheritem.Everyengineerrecognizesthefactthathydropowerisaprime,economicalsourceoffirmpower.Peakingloadscanbetakencareofbyotherplants.Therefore,lookingattheenergyneedsoftherailbeltarea,wherethegreatestnumberof.thepeopleintheStateofAlaskaatthepresenttimeliveandwherethegreatestanticipatedfuturedemandsare,,itwouldonlybefromanengineeringstandpointcommonsensetodevelopthehydroelectricpotentialintheDevilCanyonarea,tohaveitfurnishthebasefortheelectricalenergyforthecommunitiesofFairbanks,Anchorage,thegrowingtownsalongtherailbelt,forSewardandKenai.Thisnotonlyfora14 firmbaseofpowerthatcouldtakecareofthegeneralload,butalsotoprotectusinthecaseofacalamityatanyoneoftheotherconununities.Inclosing,andsubmittingthisreport,weagainurgeyoutocompletethisstudyandproceedwithallhasteforthebestandmosteconomicaldevelopmentofhydropowerintheDevilCanyonarea.CCL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouverymuch,Irene.OurnextspeakerisMr.JerryMcCutcheon.Jerry.NR.MCCUTCHEON:Fortherecord,mynameisJerryMcCutcheon.IamaconservationistandIsupportDevilCanyonandBradleyLakewithsomereservations.OneoftheseIwouldliketoseedonebeforeanyfurtherstepsaretakeninDevilCanyon.Thatistheappointmentofaboard,commissionorothername,orwhateveryou’dliketocallit,comprisedofconservationistswhowouldfollowandoverseetheprocessofandplanningofDevilCanyonandanyotherhydroelectricprojectthatmaycomeintobeing.I’dliketoexplainwhybytellingyouwhatIhaveexperiencedasaconservationistandanswersomequestionsraisedbytheAlaskaCenterfortheEnvironmentandtheDailyNews.Asapracticingconservationist,Iobjecttosomeofthethingsthathavebeendone,supposedlyinthenameofconservation.Someofthesehavebeenverydestructivetoconservation.Forexample,severalyearsago,IhadbeforetheBoroughAssemblythenon-area-widepowerofparksandrecreation.SpenardandtheCityhadalreadyhadparksandrecreationpowers,but60,000otherAnchorageBoroughresidentswerenotcovered.TheStateofAlaskawasgrantedfivedollarsforeachpersoncoveredbytheparksandrecreationpower.TheBoroughwouldhavereceivedanadditional$300,000withouthavingtoputupmorethanthecostofcountingtheballots.$300,000wasnotall.TheBoroughcouldhavetakenthe300,000andusedittoobtainfederalmatchingfunds.TheBureauofOutdoorRecreationhadbylawjusthadtheirmatchingformularaisedto75percent.TheBorough’s300,000wouldhavebeenmatchedby900,000infederalmatchingfundsforatotalof1,200,000withouttheBoroughhavingtoputupmorethanthecostofanadditionalballotattheupcomingelection.Whokilledit?Conservationists.Atthattime,unificationwasanissue.AsmallgroupofconservationistsandtheformerBoroughAssemblyman,15 Chairman,JohnAsplund,decidedtogoforarea-widepowerofparksandrecreation,thususingtheparksandrecreationpowertoprovoketheCityofAnchorageandunificationpeople.Thingswereprettywellsetup.EdWillis,fromtheoutsideareaoftheCity,wastointroducetheresolution.BenMarshfromtheCityCounselwastosecondit.Whentheconservationistsgotthroughwiththeissue,itbecameananti-City,anti-Borough,first-classBorough,second-classBorough,home-ruleBorough,prounificiation,anti-unification,screaming,shoutingbrawl.Whenwhatwasleftoftheparksandrecreationpowerfinallygottoavote,onlyBennyLeonardkepthisheadandvotedforit.Alloftherestoftheassembly,includingthetwosponsors,votedagainsttheresolution.Lookingbackonthedonnybrook,theaffairwasratherhumerous,butthoseconservationistscostus$1,200,000andpossiblythatmuchmoresincethen.Theyweretoldaheadoftimewhattheresultswouldbe,theywerebeggednottodoit,buttheyhadtomakeitahotpoliticalissue.Afterthedamagewasdone,oneofthoseinvolved,PamMflsapsaicl,“Wl1wegotinvolvedinpoliticsandweshouldn’thave.”Sincethen,Ihaven’tseenorheardofthatgroupofconservationistsdoingmuchtoundowhattheydid.Notoneofthatgroupwholostthat$1,200,000haschallengedDevilCanyonpowerprojectwithwhatIconsiderblatantlyphoneyissues,whileadmittingthiswasonceaconservationist’sproject.HelenNienhueserandadaylatertheDailyNewsraisedaquestionofwhytheneedforDevilCanyon,butbothalloweditwasoncesponsoredbyconservationistsandthatitwoulddominimaldamagetowildlife.AsaconservationistwhopushedandpleadedfortheDevilCanyonresurrection,Iwillanswerthemintermsthattheywillunderstand.Theanswerisadrearyoneandgenerallyturnsoffthepublic,becauseitturnsupsomanytimesbythesamepeoplewiththesameemptyrhetoric.ThereisaspaceshipcalledEarth.It’sabout4billionyears,4andahalfbillionyearsold,andit’saboutanotherbillionyearsbeforethesunaroundwhichitrevolvesceasestoproduceenoughenergytokeeptheEarthalive.ItwascalculatedthisspaceshipcalledEarthcouldsustainapopulationof7billion.Nowwe’rehalfwaythere,thatstatementisseverelyquestioned,andsomesaywehavealreadyreachedthesustainablepopulation.Inanyevent,it’sjustseveraldecadesbefore16 wereachthe7billionpopulation.Todayhundredofthousandsofpeoplestarve,milionssufferfrommalnutrition.WhilethespaceshipEarthmayhaveatheoreticallifeofabillionyears,we’realreadyrunningoutofsomethingsthemost,andmostimportantly,it’sgasandoil,themomentatwhichwehavebecomesodependent.Thisisnotsomethingnew.Thegasandoiljournalsof15yearsagoweremakinggraphsandpredictionsofwhenitwouldhappen.Everycubicfootofgasandeverybarrelofoilthatissavedwillbethatmuchmorevaluablewhentherealcrunchcomes.Everysourceofrenewablepowerthatismadeoperationalwillmakethetransitionthatmuchlessdisasterous.Thistransitionisnotgoingtobeaccomplishedbysomethingnewandmiraculous;it’sgoingtobedonebysmallprojectshere.DevilCanyonisjustonesmalldamintheoverallpicture.Severalyearsago,whenIstartedtopumpsomelifebackintotheDevilCanyonproject,Ihadtoapproachitfromthestandpointofthesubsidy,becauseitwouldnotbecompetitive.TheapproachwasthebalanceofpaymentsintheUnitedStatesandconservationistsofnonrenewableresources.Nobodywasinterestedinthephilosophicalissue,notthemembersofCongress,ourGovernor,conservationistsorlocalpoliticians,exceptCongressmanYoung.Younghelpedobtaininformationandthenthenecessarylegislation,thankstosomeArabswhosephilosophicalargumentsofwhatwasgingtohappeninthe80’shasbeenbroughtintobeing.NowsomearespeculatingthatDevilCanyonmaybeonitswaytopayingitsownuponcompletion.Inshort,ourspaceshipEarthisrunningoutofgasandinthelifetimeofmostofuslivingtoday,oilandgasasweknowitwillbegone.Wedamnwellbetterstartdoingsomethingtosolveit,becausewearegoingtohearalotmoreaboutthe3F’s:Fuel,foodandfertilizer.Anditdoesn’tmeansubvertingthepublicinterestforthreekayakers.ThatisthewhyofDevilCanyon,anoldconversationist’sstorythatshouldhavebeenknown.MissNienhueserandtheDailyNews,afteraskingwhy,madethefollowingstatementsthat:“TheSusitnàRiverisabeautiful,wildriver.”TheSusitnais,infact,adirty,foultasting,coldriverthatdoesnotevensmellgood.AndforthosewhoarenotfamiliarwiththeSusitna,godowntothecitydockanhourbeforeoranhourafterhightideandlookatthatdirtymassofswirlingwateraroundthepilings.CookInletiscleanerbycomparison.Twoofthethreepeople17 wentdowntheSusitnaRiverinkayaksin1972forthefirsttimeand,therefore,theSusitnaisadarlingofthekayakers.Sincewhendothreepeoplewhodonotlikeitwellenougheventogoback,speakforallthekayakers?Forthosewhomaybecuriousenoughtotryit,they’llfindsomethingthekayakersdidn’twanttohavetoadmit.TheDailyNewswentonebetter.Theycalledit“Thedarlingofthesportsfishermen.”TherearenorunsoffishbeyondDevilCanyon;therearenorepottsofanyfishinanyoftheareasaffectedbythedamsinlegislationnowbeforeCongress.Thisdoesnotmeantherearenotfish;thisjustmeansit’sunlikelyChesterCreekproducesmorefish,andmaybethedarlingofalargenumberofkayakers,butit’snotthedarlingofthesportsfisherman,andneitheristheSusitnaRiver.MissNienhueserwentontoquestionhowweweregoingtouseallthatpower,implyingthatitbecameavailableallatonce.Therearefourdamswhichcanbebuiltatfourdifferenttimesasneeded.Withinthedams,therearepowerunitsthatcanbeaddedasneeded.Theprojectisaneasyonetoadjusttodemand.MissNienhueserquestionshowlongitwouldtakethebeautifulrivertosiltup,renderingthedamsunusable.Iguessshedidrecognizetherewassiltinthestreamssomewherealongtheline.Theanswer’sinthereports.Sheshouldhavereadthosereports.Allthepersonshavearighttospeakup,sodoesthepress.Thepublicexpectsthepresstohavegatheredallthereasonableavailableinformationbeforeeditorializing.TheDailyNewsdidnot.TheDailyNewsreporterwenttoYoung’sofficeforinformation;Young’sofficesenthimtomebecauseIhadmorethantheCorpsofEngineersdidatthattime.Igavethereporteracondensedversionofthefirsttwodamsandofferedthereportermore.Thereporterwasnotinterestedtoapointofsimplynotwantingtoknow.TheDaily.NewsdidnotreadthereportsoftheNationalParkService,theFishandWildlifeService,TheAgriculturalExperimentStation,theBureauofMines,theBureauofLandManagement,theForestService.Yousee,eventhen,theyweredoingwhatwecalltodayanenvironmentalimpactstatement.Lastbutnotleast,theNewsdidnotreadsomeofthereportsoftheCorpsofEngineersatthattimewithreferencetotheactualneedforconservationintheDevilCanyonproject.IftherewasawaytofindoutsomethingwrongwithDevilCanyon,theCorpshadthetime,themoneyandthedesiretodoit.Thedamagedoneofthe-thedamagedonethroughthe18 editorialhurttheNewsmorethantheprojectlocally,butthateditorialwillbesenttotheconservationistsintheSouth48statesandtheywillreportittotheirmembersaboutabeautiful,wildriver,darlingofthesportsfishermanandkayakers.AlaskanswillwonderwhythepeopleintheSouth48aresouptightaboutadirtyriver,andthepeopleintheSouth48willwonderwhywe’resostupidtodosuchadamn,dumbthingthat’ssoterribletosuchapristinestream.Therewillbenowaytostopit.Itwillbeacceptedasfact,thecredibilityoftheconservationistswillsinklower.HowdowepreventsuchinaccurateinfornationanddeliberatemisinformationbecomingawayoflifeforDevilCanyon,aswellasotherprojects?IbelieveaboardofresponsibleconservationistscouldovercomethoseproblemsandthesooneraboardisappointedtotheDevilCanyonprojectthebetteritwillbeforallconcerned.Amemberofthisboardwillbegiventherighttoaskquestionsandtoreceiveanswers,thustheboardwouldmonitortheplanningofthedamandtheanswerswouldbehadornewapproacheswouldhavetobetaken.Itisbettertochangesomethingearlybeforeitisfirmlyfixedthanafteritispouredintheconcreteofpersonalpride.PowercompaniesintheSouth48hadusedthisprocess.Theystateitismoretedious;however,itavoidssomeofthebattlesthatoccurattheendoftheplanningprocess,andallowsconstructiontoproceed.WeinAlaskahavehadenoughdelays..Ontheotherhand,we’vehadenoughblindprogressthathasgottenusnowhereandeverybodylost.Wemustfindamiddlegroundandusethatmiddleground.Thismethodhasbeenusedelsewherewithsuccessandthereisnoreasonitcan’tbeusedinAlaska.Thankyou.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyou,Jerry.Iassureyouthiswasnotdonewith-maliceaforethought,butthenextcardIhaveisHelenNienhueser.MS.NIENHUESER:Thankyou.IguessIdon’tneedtointroducemyself.Jerry’sdoneagoodjobofthat.Fortherecord,Idonotrecognizetheincidenthereferredtoregardingparkspower.IamspeakingfortheAlaskaCenterfortheEnvironment,whichisagrassrootsorganizationconcernedaboutthefutureofAlaskaandthedirectioninwhichitisgoing.Wehave236membersfromalloverthestate,bothindividualsandorganization,andour19 supportissteadilygrowing.WedonotatthistimewishtoeitherendorseoropposehydroelectricdevelopmentontheUpperSusitnaRiver.Wedo,however,havesomequestionstoaskwhichneedtobeansweredbeforeadecisionismadeonwhetherornottobuilddamsontheSusitnaRiver.ThefirstandmostimportantquestionisperhapsnotreallyonethatitshouldbetheCorpstresponsibilitytoanswer,exceptinsofarasyoutoo,asindividuals,arecitizensofAlaska,andascitizensshouldbeconcerned,asweare,aboutthequalityoflifeinAlaska10years,50years,100yearsfromnow.Thatquestionis,howmuchgrowthdowewanthere?Howmuchmoregrowthcanwehavewithoutdestroyingthespecialqualityoflifethatdrewmanyofushereinthefirstplace?TheproposedhydroelectricprojectontheSusitnaisabigone;itwouldencouragegrowthduringitsconstructionphaseandfurtherencouragegrowthbytheavailabilityofmorepoweronceitwasbuilt.Isthatwhatwewant?PerhapsifenoughofusaskthisquestionoverandoverthepoliticianswhopresentedthisprojecttotheCorpswillfinallyhearus;perhapssomeofthemwilleventuallybegintoquestionwhethermoregrowthisreallywhatwewantforAlaska.AmajorquestionthatwebelievemustbeexaminedthoroughlyiswhetherwewillreallyneedasmuchpowerastheAlaskaPowerAdministrationsayswewill.Presentdemandforpowerintherailbeltareaisabout2billionkilowatthoursperyear.Inthe12yearsfrom1960to1972,theannualelectricalgenerationintherailbeltincreasedslightlyover1billionkilowatthours.Inotherwords,ourpowerusedoubled.Ifitweretodoubleagaininthenext12years,we’duse4billionkilowatthoursin1984,andperhaps6billionin1990.Yet,theAlaskaPowerAdministrationsayswe’lluse10billionkilowatthoursperyearin1990.TheirfiguresVaresophisticated;minearenot.Sometimesthosewhoareunsophisticatedseemoreclearlythanthosewhoaretrappedwithinasystemofseeingthingsoneway.AnothersetoffigurestolookatisthepopulationgrowthprojectedbytheGreaterAnchorageAreaBoroughreport“PeopleinAnchorage.”Accordingtothat,the1970populationofAnchoragewas125,000.Anaverageoftheprojectionsgiveninthereportshowsapopulationof270,000in1990orjustalittlemorethandoublewhatwehavenow.AssumingthattheentirerailbeltwillgrowataboutthesamerateasAnchorage,itwouldbelogicaltoassumethat20 in1990wewouldrequirejustalittleoverdoublethepowerwenowrequireoralittleover4billionkilowatthoursperyear.That’safarcryfromAPAs10billionkilowatthours.Percapitaenergyconsumptioncanandshouldgodown,especiallyifinstitutionssuchasAPAwillencouragereducedconsumption.OurpointhereisthatAPA’sprojecteddemandof10billionkilowatthoursperyearby1990istherationaleforbuildingdamsontheUpperSusitna.Ifthedemandwereinfactagreatdealless,thenthatdemandmightmoreeasilybemetinotherways.Futuredemandforenergyintherailbeltisthekeytodecidingwhetheradditionalsourcesofenergyareneededorwhetherexistingfacilitiescanbeexpandedtomeetfuturerequirements.Theimpactstatementandplanningdocumentsmustcarefullyconsiderthis.TheEISmustexaminethoroughlythevariousalternativesforprovidingpowerfortherailbelt,andnotjustalternativesourcesofhydropower.Weareinastaterichinfossilfuels,yetourconsumptionoffossilfuelsisadropinthebucketcomparedtonationalconsumption.Whilewerecognizethevalueofoilandgasforpetrochemicals,wequestionwhetherAlaskausesenoughfossilfuelstoreallymakeadifferenceintheoverallnationalpicture.IfshippedOutside,wouldourfossilfuelsreallybeusedforpetrochemicals,orwouldtheybeusedtocreatesmoginLosAngeles?Asenvironmentalists,weareacutelyawareoftheargumentsoftherecentpastthatitwasnecessarytobuildapipelinetoValdezsothatwecouldgetoiltotheSouth48asfastaspossible..WeknewtheWestCoastcouldn’tabsorbthatoilandredistributeittotheMidwestwhereitisreallyneeded;wesaidthat,,andwesaidthatifthepipelinewenttoValdez,AlaskanoilwouldgotoJapan,butnoonelistened.NowthattheValdezrouteissecure,itappearslikelythat,infact,AlaskanoilwillgotoJapan.NowwearetoldthatourfossilfuelsaretoovaluableandtooexpensivetouseforgeneratingelectricityinAlaskaandthat,therefore,weneedamajordamorseriesofdamstoproduceelectricity.ThisisanimportantquestionthatshouldbeaddressedbytheEIS:whyareavailableorprospectivelyavailablefossilfuelsintherailbeltnotsatisfactorytoproduceenergyinAlaska?Iffossilfuelswillbeavailable,forhowlong?Whatwillthecomparativedollarcostsbe?Thecomparativeenvironmentalcosts?Thesequestionsmustalsobeaskedforotherpossiblehydroprojects.Andindiscussingalternatives,thealternativeofnonewpowerprojectshouldbediscussed.Whencomparingtheeconomiccostsof21 variousalternatives,theinterestrateusedinthecomputationshouldbethesameforeachalternative.Furthermore,itshouldbecomputedatthecostofborrowingmoneyinAlaska.Inconsideringalternativesourcesforproducinganyneededenergyintherailbeltarea,wehopethattheEISwillgobeyondatheoreticalanalysisofcostsforconstructionandoperationandalsoconsiderprobablysitelocationsforsuchplants.Thisisespeciallyimportantsincethelocationofaplantcancausegreatenvironmentalimpacts.Forexample,whatimpactswouldtakeplaceifalargesteamplantwerebuiltintheFairbanksareawhenwealreadyhaveseverewinterairqualityproblems?AvitalquestionwhichneedsattentionishowdoesthisproposedprojectfitintothelanduseplanningbeingdonebytheJointFederalStateLandUsePlanningCommission?Thesamequestionappliestoalternativemethodsforproducingenergyintherailbeltarea.Inassessingenvironmentalcostsorimpacts,wehopetheEISwillgobeyondthenarrowconfinesoftheSusitnaRivervalleyandconsidertheimpactonthehumanenvironment,assesshowmuchgrowththesedamswillbringtotherailbeltandwhatthatwilldototheAlaskanwayoflife.Weare,ofcourse,concernedthattheusualquestionsofimpactsontheland,thewildlife,andrecreationbethoroughlyexamined;weknowthattheCorpswilldothiswell.Wealsohopethatavarietyofsitesontheriverwillbeexaminedsothatifitisdecidedtobuilddams,theCorpswillhavethenecessaryinformationtochoosethesite(s)withtheleastimpactontheriver.Wewanttoknowwhatkindoftransmissionlineswouldbebuiltandwheretheywouldgo.Isthereapossibilityofundergroundlines?Wewanttheprojectexaminedintotality,notonepieceatatime.Fourdamsareproposed;iftwoarebuilttheothertwoarelikelytofollow;allfourshouldbeincludedintheElS,foronlyinthatwaycananaccurateassessmentoftheimpactbeincludedintheEIS,foronlyinthatwaycananaccurateassessmentoftheimpactontheriverandtheenvironmentbemade.IftheKaiserproposalisbuilt,whatwouldtheimpactsbe,comparedtothefour-damproposal?TheSusitnaasawildriverhasavaluenow;thatvaluecanonlyincreaseintimeasmoreandmoreAlaskanriversareturnedtootheruses.This22 futurevaluemustbeconsideredtoo.WethanktheCorpsforthisopportunitytoexpressourconcerns.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouverymuch,Helen.ThenextpersonwhoindicatedthedesiretospeakisCharlesKonigsberg.Mr.Konigsberg.MR.KONIGSBERG:Col.Debelius,mynameisCharlesKonigsberg.Ispeakformyself.IwouldliketoassociatemyselfwithagooddealofremarksmadebyMrs.Nienhueser,exceptthatIstanduphereinoppositiontotheDevilCanyonDamandIstandinoppositiontothestudyitself.I’dliketosaybywayofcommenttoJerryMcCutcheon,whounfortunatelyisn’there,thatinthebusinessinwhichI’min,3F’sisdefinitelyfailing,andI’mabitsurprisedthathedidn’tincludethetwoothersandmakeitfiveF’s,funandthefifthoneIleavetoyourimagination.I’mopposedtotheproposalfortheDevilCanyonDamandtothestudyitselfforavarietyofreasons,thefirstoneofwhichthereisnotdemonstratedneedforthispower.AndIemphasizetheword“demonstrated.”Obviously,ifthedamisbuilt,andyou’retalkingintermsofanticipatedneed,itwillbecomeaself-fulfillingprophesyandproject.Now,this,ofcourse,reflectsthefactthatthosewhospeakinthesetermsareaddictedtowhatoughttobeclearlyanoutmodedconceptofgrowthandprogress.ThesethingsareinthemillandthesethingsaresuggestedinCongressandCol.Debeliusisonthereceivingendofit,unfortunately,quitesimplynotbecausethereisaneed,butbecausepeoplewanttheretobethenotionofneed,sothattheycanproceedintermsofdoingtheirthing.Thisisnotnecessarilyalwaysbad,butIthinkweoughttounderstandthatthisiscertainlyoneofthemoresignificantmechanismsatworkandnotacaseofdemonstratedneed.IwouldtakemuchmoreseriouslytheargumentsofpeoplelikeIreneRyanandJerryMcCutcheonandotherswithrespecttothisprojectiftheyalsointroducedaconsiderationoftheconservationofenergy.Ifyoutalkaboutneedforenergyinthiscountry,andthiscountryparticularly,Ishouldsayyouhavetorecognizethefactthatwearetheworld’sworstwastersofenergy;thatthemostobjectiveanalysesoftheenergyusageinthiscountryisthatapproximately35to4523 percentistotallywasted.Thehydrocarbonsutilitymanager,DowChemicalCompany,statesveryflatlythatwithoutanysufferingwhatsoever,theycouldsave20percentoftheenergyconsumed.ManyexpertssaythatU.S.manufacturingwastes50percent.Andifyouwantthefullmeasureoftheenormouswastingofenergyinoursystem,considertheAmericanfarmer,who’sconsideredtobesoproductive.Heusesfarmoreenergytogrowhiscropsthanhegetsoutofitinequivalentenergy.ForeveryBTUofenergythattheAmericanfarmeruses,hegetsone-fifthofaBTUinreturn.ComparethistotheChinesepeasant,whogets58BTU’sforeveryBTUheputsintohisefforts.Mypointhereisaverysimpleone,thattheargumentforenergyasanticipatedandthecrocodiletearsthatarebeingdemonstratedherebyothersforthenation’sneedandtheinternationalneedssimplydon’twash.Wewastesoverymuch.Wegivecheaperratesifyouwillburnthelights,useyourairconditionersdayandnightyearround.Andmanypeopledoexactlythat.WedonotknowhowtouseenergyandanargumentfordevelopingfurtherenergysourcesinthiscountryatthecostthatweallknowwhatwillhappenhereinAlaska,whetherdamsorwhateverelseitisthatisbuilttoproducetheenergy,issimplyaspuriousoneattheverybest.WhatI’mconcernedabouthereatthemoment,IhavedevelopedincreasingconfidencethattheCorpsissufficientlyenvironmentalconscioussoastominimizetheenvironmentalimpactofwhateveritdoesand,therefore,whatI’dliketofocusonistheculturalimpactofsuchaprojectinAlaska.WhatIthinkwillhappenifthisprojectgetsunderwayisthatitwillfeedthefiresofspeculationandover-population,andthattheconsequencewillbe,asisalreadydemonstratedhereinAnchorageandelsewhere,agradualdeteriorationandqualityoflifethattheAlaskaresidentslead.Ifyoudoubtthis,considerthatanswertoallthings,theAlaskapipeline.WehavebeenregaledforyearsaboutallthegoodiesthatwillbeforthcomingtotheAlaskanpopulationifthepipelineisonlyapprovedandgottenunderway.Well,wherearethegoodies?AllthatIcandeterminesofar,andtheprospectsareformoreofthesame,isincreasingcrime,congestion,noise,lackofsecurityandawhollyunsatisfactorywayoflife.Whatguaranteesdowehavethatthesekindsofprojectswill,infact,contributetothe24 happinessandwelfareoftheAlaskanpeople?Theevidenceisalltothecontrary.Consider,forexample,Anchorage,particularlywithrespecttothefactthatinthepastseveralyears,therehasbeenasteadyincreaseinunemploymentofoverfourpercent..TheAnchorageBoroughisthesecondwealthiestcountyinthecountrybyU.S.CensusBureauofStatistics.Whereisitintermsofhappinessofthepeople?Idon’tseeit.Whathappens,ofcourse,isthatafewbenefitfromthefinancialconsequencesresultingfromtheseprojects,andagreatmassofpeople,infact,payforthatbenefittothefew.Youhavealsotheconsequenceoffar-reachingeffectsthatprojectslikethese,thepipelineinparticular,drainoffthetalenttohigherpayingjobs,asaconsequenceofwhichordinarybusinessandgovernment,inparticular,areunabletomeetthecompetitionandtheirefficiencyisreduced.InasituationoftransitioninaplacelikeAlaska,asyouseetoday,it’sabsolutelyessentialthatthetalentremainwiththepublicagencyinsofarasispossibletodoso.Nyconcernagainisthatwhydoweneedsuchadditionalprojects?Wearen’tabletocopewiththefirstonethat’sbeenthrustuponus.And,althoughit’snottheCorps’responsibility,Iunderstand,theCorpsis,nevertheless,goingtobeapartytothefurthercomplicationofourexistencehereinAlaskaifitproceedswithsuchprojects.Andifyouarguethatit’sjustastudyandthatyouarejustassemblingfactsanddata,allIcansayisdon’tyoubelieveit.Itdoesn’tworkthatway.Whateveryouturn,upintermsoffacts,data,studiesandsoon,carrieswithitaninjunctiontodosomethingwithit.Theexistenceofthestudycommandsthatsomethingwillbedone,andtheonlysafewaytoapproachtheproject,untilwelearnhowtogetabetterhandleonourculturalsituation,whichistosaytodealwiththesocio-politicalandeconomicconsequenceoftheseprojects,isnottodoit.AndIdon’tmeanthisintermsofablindoutrightoppositiontoit.WhatIdomeanisthatuntilwelearnhowtodothesethingsmuchbetterthanwe’vedemonstratedinthepast,particularlyhereinAlaska,we’vegottoholdtheminabeyance.Wesimplyhavetoholdtheminabeyance.Ithinkthat’sallI’dliketosay.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouverymuch,Charles.OurnextspeakerisMr.JackHession.25 MR.HESSIONCcl.Debelius,MembersoftheCorps,mynameisJackHession.IrepresenttheSierraClubhereinAlaska.Ihavesomeverybriefremarksherethisevening.Ithinkatthisstage,wehavesomereservationsaboutthisproject,particularlyalongthelinesexpressedbyChuckKonigsberg.However,thisisnotthetimetocometoafirmdecisiononthismatter.Ithinkthatthepurposeoftheenvironmentalimpactstatementprocedureistoanalyzewhatwe’regettinginto,especiallyalternatives,andonlythencometoarationaldecision.Untilthattime,wewilireservejudgment.However,we’rewonderingabouttheroleoftheJointLandUsePlanningCommission,FederalStatePlanningCommission.IwonderiftheCorpswillcoordinateitseffortswiththeCommission,whichafterallwasestablishedtodothisverything.Wedocomple!nenttheCorpsforitseffortstofullyinformthepublic.AnotherdecisionoftheCorpstoundertakeastudyoftheriveritselfbyaSeattleconsultingfirmisalsotobecomplemented.Andwehopethatpublichearingswillbeheldonthefinalenvironmentalimpactstatementpriortoanydecisiontogoaheadwiththisproject.Thankyouverymuch.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyou,Jack.I’mnotgenerallytryingtorespondtoallofthecommentsthataremade,becauseit’syourprerogativetomakeanyyoulike.Iwouldwanttomakeitclear,soeverybodyunderstandsit,thatwedon’tjustholdonepublichearing.Wewillholdlaterstagedpublichearings,andcertainlyitwouldbeourintentionlateron,whenwereachapointintimewherewehaveanEISoracompletedstudywithrecommendations,toholdpublichearingsandletyouknowwhatthosethingshavetosay.SoIjustwanttonakethatclear.OurnextspeakerisNormanGoldman.IsNormanGoldmanhere?MR.GOLDMAN:Idon’tbelieveIreallyhaveanythingtocontributeatthemoment.Ijustkindofwantedtoseewhatthepicturewasandreservecommentlater.COL.DEBELIUS:Fine.Mr.Goldmandeclinestosayanythingatthemoment.NextisW.C.ithodes.26 MR.RHODES:ThankyoufortheopportunitytovisitwiththeCorpsandtheotherpeoplehereattheheadtableandthepublic.MynameisW.C.Rhodes.IrepresenttheHomerElectricAssociation,whichfurnishesanddistributesallofthepowerfortheKenaiPeninsula,saveonesmallcorneraroundSeward.Ihavelistenedintentlyatsomeofthecommentsaboutthepossibilityofnotneedingpower.ThedemandforpowerintheKenaiPeninsulaisalreadyahundredmillionkilowatthoursperyear.Iseethemeterreadings;IknowwhatI’mtalkingabout.Thedemandthreeyearsfromnowwillbe200millionkilowatthours.We’resettingclosetoaprojectthathasnoknownecologicalproblems,thatbeingBradleyLake.Itisadeadlake;nofish,verylittlewildlife,setshighonahighvalleywiththefallsbetweenitandthebay;andthepossibilityofdoinganyecologicaldamageinbuildingasmalldamupthereisremote.Thepowerplantdesignevenisbeingdesignedundergroundsothatwe’venoecologicaldamagethere.OneoftheproblemsthatwehaveheardofrecentlyisthecomparativestudythattheCorpsandtheAlaskaPowerAdministrationhasmadeastoproposedcostofthisdam,ascomparedtousinggasfiredturbines,eithersteamortheregulargasturbine.ThefiguresthatIhaveheardkickedaroundareveryconservativeongascostsandconstructioncostsforthegascomparisonunits,butveryexpensiveonthehydroend.AndIdon’tthinkthatatthistimethatBradleyLakeisgettingafairshake.Now,itwilldevelopultimatelyabout400millionkilowatthoursayear,whichistheprojectionforjusttenyearsfromnowforthekilowatthourneedontheKenaiPeninsula.Andthisisnotaverylongtime,constructionwise,withleadtimesthatwehaveatthepresenttime.Iwouldliketoaskanyoneattheheadtableiftheyknowwhatheatratewasusedinthecombinedcyclegeneratingplantcomparison.Canyoutellme,Bob?MR.CROSS:Twelvethousand.MR.RHODES:Twelvethousand?Thisisincombinedcycle?MR.CROSS:Excuseme,Bill,you’rereferringtotheFederalPowerCommission’sevaluation?MR.RHODES:Right.Iunderstandyou’reworkingwiththeFederalPowerCommission.Iunderstandthereare8,580BTU’sperkilowatthourandthere’sbeenveryfewplantsanywhereintheUnitedStatesbeen27 beenabletoattainthatefficiency.Andthey’rewayontheconservativeside.Wepeopleinthepowerbusinessknowthatthattypeofplantingeneralusedover10,000BTU’sperkilowatthour.Someoftheotherfiguresstandscrutiny,andIwouldliketocallittothepublic’sattention,ifthismeetingservesnootherpurpose,thatthereisapossibilitythatthefiguresbeingusedforgascostsandheatrateforacomparisonofthosetypesofgenerationversushydroarejustalittlebitoutofline,andIwouldliketoseeitmoreonafaircomparison.Thankyou.CCL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouverymuch,Bill.NextisMortimerClement.MR.CLEMENT:IwanttothanktheCorpsfortheoppor•ti.mityofspeakinghere.Ididn’tanticipatespeakingandIdidn’tanticipatebeingboostedupbyashufflingofthecards,Iassume,tothisposition.However,Iamgratefulforit.I’dliketomakeavery,verybriefstatement.Ialso,likeJerryNcCutcheon,butinadifferentway,amaconservationistatheart.IcametoAlaskaforthejoysthataboundhereinthegreatoutdoors,thewilderness,thewildlifeandtogetawayfromthecongestionoftheLower48.Iamapilotandhavebeenaregisteredguide,havetouredmostallofnorthAlaska.IpersonallyhavebeenoverallofthegroundoftheSusitna.Ihavehuntedthearea.Iknowitwell.AndevenbeforeIknewthattherewassuchaprojectforahydroelectricdamontheSusitnaRiveratthatpoint,itfairlyyelledoutandshoutedtomethatthiswouldbeanidealspotforjustsuchadevelopment.Iwouldliketocounteractsomemeasureofthestatementsthatthearchconservationists--andIusetheword“arch,”becauseIbelievethattheyarecertainlyextremistsinthematterofconservation--thatwehaveheardpreviously.Theyhavecertainlycarriedtotheextremessomeofthestatementsastothescenicwondersoftheriver,thewildriver,andthefishingparadise.Icertainlybelieve,havingalsoguidedinfishinginsomeoftherealidealspotsofAlaska,thatdamsontheUpperSusitnacandonothingbutimprovetherecreationalvalueoftheareaandimprovethefishingtoprovideagreaterbenefittoallpeoplewhoenjoythe28 outdoors.Thearea,asI’vestated,isideallysuitedforahydroelectricalproject.Iwillnotgointotheeconomicsandalloftherest,whichiscoveredbyandwillbecoveredbymanyotherstestifying.IthinkthattheneedishereandIthinkthathydroelectricpoweriscertainlytheansweratthispointintime.ThestatementsmadeastopolutionoftheairinFairbanksandotherareas,theincreaseduseofpetrochemicalswhicharegoingtodiminishinsupply,onlytendstoaccentuatethefactthatwearegoingtobecomemoreandmorereliantand,infact,perhapswemayultimatelybecomealmostentirelyreliantuponhydroelectricpower.Itistheonetypeofpowerwhichisrenewable,whereasourotherresourcesareunrenewableandwillsufferdepletions.ItistheonetypeofpowerwhichwecancontrolourselveswiththehelpofnatureandthegoodLordwilling.IthinkthatweshouldmoveasfastaspossibleinthedevelopmentofthisareaandIthinkweshouldnotallowourselvestobedivertedbycriesfrommyfellowconservationists.Ithankyou.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyou.Now,whatIwouldproposetodo,becauseIthinkit’sagoodtimetodothat,istotakeabreakofabout20minutes.Iknowsomeofyouwouldliketogetoutforamoment.Andreassembleinherethenbymywatchat9:25.(Recesstaken)COL.DEBELIUS:LadiesandGentlemen,Idoaskyoutotakeyourseatsagain,we’llgetunderway.Ididn’tmeantocleanhouseherebycallingabreak.I’mafraidwelostquiteafewfromtheprevioussession.Iwouldaskthoseofyouwhoarelefthereifyou’vecomeinlateandyouwouldliketospeakortofilloutaregistrationcard,pleaseraiseyourhandandwe’llmakesurethatyougetone.Idohaveafewmorewhohaveaskedtospeakandafterwehaveheardfromthem,Iwouldliketoopenthesessiontoyourquestionsorcomments,ifyou’dlike,aboutthestudy.OurnextspeakerisGeorgeFaerber.MR.FAERBER:Goodevening,mynameisGeorgeFaerber.Ihadnointentionsofspeakingtonight,untilIheardthepresentationofMr.JerryMcCutcheon.29 Ibelievethat’swhatthenamewas.AndI’maregisteredguideandI’velivedandworkedontheSuRiverforoversixyears,andIplanonbeingthereanother60years,andIresenthimcallingtherivera--theimpressionhegavewasthatitwasasmelly,dirtysewer.It’snot.It’saclean,wild,beautifulriver,andI’lldrinkwateroutofthatriveranydayoftheyear,butIwouldn’teventhinkofdrinkinganywateroutofthecreeksaroundthistown.Andtheonlysmellthereisthesmellofclean,freshair.Andastothedamnotaffectinganyfish,true,upriverfromtheDevilCanyonarea,tomyknowledge,therearenosalmon.Buttherearegraylingandlotsofthem;eitherthatorIdon’tknowwhatitisthatI’vefriedinmyfryingpanforsolong.And,asfarastherivernotbeingusedforrecreationaluse,I’montheriverdailywithboatsandItakeclientsonfloattripsontheriver,andtheyseemtohaveagreattime.AndIdon’tbelievetheconsiderationshouldonlybegiventothefishthatliveupstreamfromthedam.IthinkmoreimportanttoconsiderthlargesalmonrunsandgraylingandtroutandDollyVardenthatlivedownstreamfromthedams.Andwhatworriesmeaboutthedamsisthepossiblehighconcentrationofnitrogeninthewater.And,true,Iwasdiscussingthiswithacoupleofindividualsafewminutesago,andthepointwasbroughtoutthatthenitrogendisipatesfromthewaterfairlyrapidly,buttherearegoodspawningstreamsveryclosetotheDevilCanyonthathaveverygoodfishingstreams.I’vefishedinthemlotsoftimesandI’vetakenotherpeopleintothemlotsoftimes,andIthinkthedammayhavesomeeffectonthesefish.Andtherearealotofwildlifespeciesthatlivein,nearoraroundtheriver,andIpersonally,I’mforthedam,inspiteofwhatyoumayhavegatheredfromwhatIsaid.ButIthinkthatthedam,Ibelieve,hastobebuilt.It’snecessary.Butwhenthedamisbuilt,itshouldbebuiltfromtheoutlookofyou’redealingwithalive,livingriverthat’snotdead,andtoplanaccordingly.That’sallIhavetosaytonight.Thankyou.CCL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouverymuch,George.Next,Nr.DaleBriggshasaskedtospeak.MR.BRIGGS:Thankyou.AcommentwasmadethatIdidn’tquitesitstillfor,andthatwaswell,dowereallywantAlaskatogrow,dowewantittogrowthatmuch?Well,Idon’tthinkwehaveanychoice.IthinkwecouldprobablybuildafencearoundAlaskaand30 saytherewon’tbeanybodyelsecomein,andwemightsaytheonesthatareherecan’traiseanymorekids.Butthisisn’tgoingtohappen.Itisgoingtogrowandwearegoingtohaveacountryhereandtherearegoingtobepeople.Theresponsiblethencomestothegovernmenttosayarewegoingtosupplythesepeopleelectricity.AndIperfectlyagreewiththeguywhenhesaysthatwewastealotofmaterial.Wewastealotofelectricity.Sure,I’llgoalongwiththat.Butuntilwegetpeopleeducated,thereisn’trnuchwecandoaboutit.We’restillgoingtohavetolivewithit.Andthesepeoplesayingwell,maybewejustdon’tneedthatelectricity,Idon’tknowwherethey’regettingtheirfigures.I’montheboardoftheNatanuskaElectricAssociationandwithoutanyregardtotheSusitnaprojectatall,theprojectionsofallthereliableengineeringthatwecangetourhandsonsaywe’regoingtodoubleinthenextfiveyears.AndIthinktheseguysknowwhatthey’retalkingabout.Theyaren’tsayingthatthey’reinsupportofanything.They’rejusttellingus,“Well,youbetterbefiguringonthis,becausethisiswhatisgoingtohappentoyou.”Andwehavetobepreparedforit.Asfarastheworthofthedamisconcerned,it’salmosttakencareofitselfinthereliabilitythatitwilllendtotheelectricalenergysuppliedtothepeopleintherailbeltarea.Tobeabletotietogetherinagridthegeneratingfacilitiesupanddowntherail-beltsothatwehaveagridthat,ifoneofusfails,anotherwillpickitup,isworththemoney.I’manecologist,butI’mnotafanatic.Ithinkthatecologyissomethingthatinthepasthasbeenignored,andthathasnotbeengiventheproperrespect,andIthinkthatanytimethatwegetintoanykindofaproject,whatsoever,withouttakingintoconsiderationtheecologyandtheconservationoftheassetsofthiscountryisourresponsibility,andIthinkthatithastobedone.Butthepointthatwouldmakethattheoverridingthingagainsttheneedsofman,thenIdon’tthinkthisisso,becauseIdon’tthinkthatman’satrespasseronthisEarth.Ithinkhe’shereandIthinkhe’sexpectedtobehere.Ithinkitistheresponsibilitythatwedousethisasbestwecan;thatwedonotspoilit.AndI’mnotforitandIdon’tthinkthatthisissomethingthatwecanputupwith.Anydevelopmentthatwedohasgottobedonecarefully,andIhavealltheconfidenceintheCorpsthatintheirstudyofitandtheirrecommendationswillbecareful,asfarastheecology’sconcerned,butnoway,nowaycanwepassupthisopportunitytosupply31 therailbeltofAlaskathepotentialthatliesinDevilCanyon.Iagreewiththegentleman,IagreethattheSusitnaRiverisbeautiful.Ofcourse,Ihaven’tspentmuchtimeonit.Ithinkit’sgreat,butthereisatimewhenyouhavetochoose,well,arewegoingtosupplypeoplewiththeneedstodevelopacountryoraren’twe?AndIthinkthisiswhatitcomesto.Thankyou.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouverymuch.Idohaveacard.RichardWeinighasaskedtospeak.MR.WEINIG:MynameisRichardWeinig.Iamanattorneyintown.IhavebeenaresidentofAlaskaforthelastthreeyears,andIexpecttobearesidentprobablyfortherestofmylife.IamnotamemberoftheSierraClub.Ispeakonlyformyself.Ontheevidencepresentedtomeasofthistime,ontestimonyI’veheard,ofanyofthepublicationsthatIhaveread,IhavehadthegravestreservationsabouteithertheKaiserortheotherprojectedDevilCanyonDamatthistime.Ithink,althoughIcannotconfirmthis,andthiswillhavetobebornoutbylaterstudies--Ithinkthattheprojectispromotedmorefordevelopment’ssakethanforanactualneed.Ihavethegravestreservationsaboutit,becauseofnotwhatitwillnecessarilydototheenvironment,northeenvironment’ssake,butwhatIthinkitmaydotothequalityoflifeforthoseofuswholiveintheAnchoragearea.IthinkthatIcameandIthinkthatagreatmanyoftherestofuscameforequalityoflifethatisuniqueinAlaska,anditisn’tavailableanywhereelseinthiscountry.Thatistheaccesstogood,wild,untrammeled,wildcountrynottoofarfromtown.And,ofcourse,Ithinkthethingwouldbefineevenwiththedevelopmentof135or150,000peoplethatwehavenow,exceptthatwehavelinetolinetrafficoutofAnchorageeveryFr,daynightandlinetolinetrafficintoAnchorageeveryFridaynight.Ithinkthatifwefindthatwe’reconfinedtohuntingandfishingcountrythatiswithinreasonableaccessofanyroadwithinourarea,it’snotunreasonabletodrive125or150or175miles.IhavecomefromreasonablyuntralmTleledcountryinwesternColorado,andifanyonesuggestedthatifonewereonaweekendtodrivetohuntingandfishingareasfor175miles,they’dthinkyouwerecrazy.AndIthinkthatthegreatestdangeroftheprojectatthistimeisthatitwillpromotedevelopmentandincreasethisparticulartendency,thusdecreasingthe32 qualityofthingsthatwehavecometoAlaskatosee,thequalityofalifethatwehavecometoAlaskatohave.thinkthatit’salmostunquestionedthatiftheprojectisapproved,therewillhavetobearoadintotheDevilCanyonarea;therewillhavetobearoadthroughtheUpperSusitnaarealinking,say,forinstance,thefourdams,ifthefourdamsareintheprojectasopposedtothesingleonedam.Ithinkthatthereisnoquestionbutthatoncearoadhasgoneinthere,you’regoingtoseethesimilartrammeleddowncorridorsalongeachsideofthatroadforrecreationalusethatyou’veseenanywhereontheroadsleadingoutoftheAnchoragearea,whetherit’sgoingdowntotheKenaiPeninsula,whetherif’sthenewFairbanksHighway,whetherit’stheDenaliHighway,comehuntingseason.AndIthinkthatindoingthis,you’regoingtobesacrificinganareawhichatpresentisaccessibleonlythroughtheAlaskaRailroad,forinstance,accessibleonlythrougharailroadgoing,say,45milesnorthofTalkeetnawhereyouhaveaccess,easyaccess,torelatively-tmtranuneledcountry.Butitisn’toverfilledwithpeople.AndIthinkthatbyencouragingthisparticularprojectthatwearegoingtobefurtherdestrogandfurtherpavingoverandfurthertramplingdowntheavailablecorridorsofrecreationaluseoutofAnchorage.Nyreservationsare,asIsay,notfortheenvironmentitself,notfortreesasopposedtopeople,butforthequalityoflifethatwepeopleinAnchoragewillberelinquishing.Ididnotcomeheretomakeapreparedstatement,butthatismybeliefatthistime.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouverymuch.AndIdowanttoverifyatthispointthatIhavegonethroughallthecardsofthosewhohaveindicatedthedesiretospeakonthecard.IfI’mwrong,pleaseraiseyourhand.I’dbehappytohaveyouspeak.(Pause)Whatweprefertodoatthispointinourpublichearingistoofferyoutheopportunitytoeitheraskquestionsortomakecommentsifyou’dlikefromthefloorormakeanyotherobservationsyoucareto.Soifyouhavesomethingyou’dliketosayorsomequestionsyou’dliketoask,pleaseraiseyourhandorstandup,Yes,sir.MR.LUTHMAN:HowmanyacreswouldtheDenaliDamfloodatitsheight?33 COL.DEBELIUS:Doyouhavetheacresthatitwouldflood,Bob?MR.CROSS:Thefigurethat’sinourstatusreportis54,000acres.MR.LUTHNAN:Isthatastablelakeorwouldthatbealakethatwouldraiseupanddown,Imeanbydrawingwaterofftofilltheotherlakes?MR.CROSS:Therewouldbefluctuationinthelevelsofthelake,yes.Thepurposeofthedamwouldbetoreleasewaterduringthewinterforwintergenerationmainly.MR.LUTBNAN:Thankyou.COL.DEBELIUS:Ihopeeveryoneheardthequestion.Iftheydidn’t,Illtryandrepeatthequestions.MR.FAERBER:Whataffectwouldthedamshaveonthewaterflowontheriverbelowthedam?COL.DEBELIUS:Thequestionwaswhataffectthedamswouldhaveonwaterflowontheriverbelowthedams.Ithink,firstofall,ofcourse,thatbecausethisisafirststagemeeting,Ihavetospeakintermsofsomeofthehypothesesthathavebeenpresented.AsIsay,thealternativesthatwewouldlookatwouldnecessarily,ofcourse,includetheonethatAPAhasdone,andtherearecertainlyothers,includingtheKaiserproposal,whichwouldhaveadifferentkindofconfiguration.But,inanycase,becauseIdon’thaveaspecificfinaldesignforadam,Ican’tgiveyouspecificquantitativeanswers.ButIcansaythis,thatitisquitetruethatwewouldhavetocomplywithsomeveryseriousstipulationsonthepartofthosewhoarenecessarilyconcerned;forexample,theFishandWildlife.Togiveyouanexampleofthat,ontheClienaRiverLakesProject,whichwe’recurrentlyconstructinginFairbanks,wewererequiredtopermitaflowintheChenaRiverofacertainnumberofofthousandcubicfeetpersecondatvarioustimesduringtheyear.Thisparticularrequirementcametousfromthoseagencieswhoarenecessarilychargedwithprotectingthefishandwildliferesources;forexample,theBureauofSportFisheriesandWildlife,theAlaskaDepartmentofFishandGame,NationalMarineFisheriesandsoforth.Thoserequirementswereprovidedtousandthoseweregiven.Onthebasisofthatgivenourdesignwasverymuchfluid.34 Ithinkthesamethingwouldpertainhere,thatisthatwewouldberequiredtomaintainacertainminimumflowintheriver,andItmnotpreparedtosayexactlywhatthatis,becauseIdon’tdeterminethat.Thatcomestomefromthosewhohavethecapabilitytodetermine.Butwewouldberequiredtomaintainacertainminimumflowatvarioustimesoftheyearandwewouldhavetocomplywithandworkwiththatwhenwestarttalkingaboutfillingthedamsoroperatingforpowerpurposesafldsoforth.Andprobablythebestwaytosayit,ifyouwanttolookatitintermsofgeneralities,Ithinkthatwheneveryoutalkaboutfillingadam,younaturallyareplanningtofillitmostatthoseperiodswhenthewaterisflowingmuchhigherthanyou’dlikeittoflowanyway.Duringthoseperiodswhenthewaterisflowingrelativelylow,thenyousimplyletallthewatergoby,becauseyouhaveastructurethatletsitgobyandyouonlyfillatthosetimeswhenyouhaveanexcessoftheamountsthatyouneed.Ican’tgiveyouquantitativeinformation.Ihopethatthatanswersyourquestion.Nr.Cheungwantedtoaddsomethingalsoaboutwaterquality.Andagain,thisisthekindofthingthat’snecessarilycoveredinsomedetailinourenvironmentalimpactstatement,but,insofaraswaterqualityinadditiontoquantityofflow,oneoftheinterestingthingsthatistrueisthatwehavethecapabilityintheeventthatadamwerebuilttoprovide.somebasiswhenthereisanunusualsituation,anunusualcase,forexample,whenthewaterismuchwarmerthanwe’dlikeittobeormuchcolderthanwe’dlikeittobebelowthedam,simplybecauseatthattimeofyear,youhaveanunusuallywarmoranunusuallycoldperiod,itispossibleifyouhavealakeandanoutletworksthatarenormallydesignedthisway,itispossibletotakewater,forexample,nearthesurfaceofareservoirwhichtendstobegenerally,fairlywarmwaterortotakeitfromwaydownnearthebottom,whichtendstobequitecold,andthereby,ifnecessary,assistincontrollingtheflowingwater.Optimally,ofcourse,youprovidethatenvironmentwhichismostfavorabletothewildlifeyousupportbelowthedam.Dowehaveanyotherquestions?Question,ina’am?Intheveryback.NRS.WILSON:I’mNancyWilsonandIliveatGoldCreekwithmyfourchildren.Doyouhaveanythingtosaytomethatwouldputmymindateaseintheeventofanearthquakethatallthatwon’tendupinmylivingroom?35 COL.DEBELUIS:That’saverygoodquestion,andIhopeeveryoneheardit.ThequestionwasdoIhaveanythingtosaytoreassureNancythatintheeventofanearthquake,thedamwon’tendupinherlivingroom.AndIhavetoassureyouthis,thatinthedesignofanydam,itisabsolutelyimperativethatonedoavery,verycarefulearthquakeanalysis.IthinkthatifyoulookattherecordoftheCorpsofEngineers,youmightbeabletoaccuseusofbuildingalotofdams,butthereisnocaseinrecordedhistoryfortheCorpsofEngineersthatyoucanevershowadamthatfailedthattheCorpsbuilt.Andwetendtooverbuildinthatsense.Wetendtobeextremelyconservative,and,naturally,earthquakecriteriawillbetakenintoaccount;infact,necessarilymustbe.ButIhavetoassureyouthat,ifanything,weareprobablyalotmoreconservativethanotherswouldhaveusbe,becausewespendmoremoneyinsomecasesthanpeoplethinkwemightneedto,simplybecausewetendtowardthisconservativeness.Yes,sir.MR.GOLDMAN:Iassumethatthedamwouldremovemostadditionalsiltfromtheriverdownstream,whichitseemstometobeanassettodownstreamfishing,ifthat’sthecase.AnexampleofthisiswhathappenedtotheGlennCanyonDam,whereifanyoneevertookarafttripdowntheColoradoRiverfromLee’sFerry,youwereinboilingredmudforafewhundredmiles.Now,yougodowntheriverinnice,clearwaterandthefishingisgreatintheGlennCanyon,whichitneverwasbefore.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyou.Ithinkthequestionitselfisveryimportant,anditisprobablytruethatsomeofthesiltthatiscarriedinthewaterswouldberemovedintheproäessofoperationofadam.Ithinksomepeoplehaveexpressedfearfromtheotherdirectioninthesensethattheysay,“Well,look,supposeyoubuildadamandyoudobegintocollectsiltbehinditasitsettlesout;isitnottruethatwithinsomegivenperiodoftime,beit50yearsorahundredyears,thatthedamwouldsiltupand,therefore,youwouldn’tbeabletouseitanymore?”Andtheanswertothatparticularquestion,yes,ofcoursesiltwilltendtodeposit.Butitisnottruethatthedamwouldtherebybedestroyedintermsofusefulness,becausetherearetechniquesthatarebeingusedinotherplacesrightnowthatareeffectiveinthetermsofremovingsiltthattendstoform.SoIthinkthatit’squitepossiblethatthewaterqualitybelowthedamcouldbeenhancedinthat36 sense.And,again,whenintheprocessoftheadvancedengineeringanddesignofaprojectofthisnature,wedosomeverycarefulanddetailedanalysestodetermineexactlywhatkindofthingswemustdotopreventanyproblemsarisingtherefrom.Ithink,youknow,it’salsoprobablytrueinthesamesensetoobservethatoneofthethingsthatIthinkisveryimportantinthiskindofstudyisthatweproceedinthewaythatwe’reproceeding.Wehavetriedtomeetearly--infact,wemetonthe30thofAprilwithvariousrepresentativesofthosegroupsrepresentingenvironmentalinterests,becausewecertainlywanttoberesponsivetothem.Ithinkthatit’simportantforusintheprocessofdoingastudywhenwereporttotheCongressonwhatthehydropowerpotentialisintheSusitnaRiverBasintobeabletoreporttothematthesametimewhattheenvironmentalimpactsareinanykindofhydropowerpotentialthatmightbedeveloped.AndIwouldsuggesttoothatitisnotnecessarilytruethat,becauseweareconductingastudy,itnecessarilyfollowsthataprojectcomestopass.Ithinkalotofpeoplehavethatidea.ButIthinkwecanshowsomefairlyfrequentcasesinthepastwhereastudythatwehaveundertakenhas,ledtoaconclusionthatsaysno,wedonotrecommendtotheCongressaparticularthingatthistime,eitherbecauseoftheeconomicsofitorbecauseofenvironmentalaspects.AndIthink,therefore,thatyouallshouldbelieveasrepresentativesofthepublicthattherealpurposeofthepublichearings,thisonetonight,theonewehadtheothernightinFairbanks,istogetfromyou,thepublic,yourreactiontothestudythatwehavebeenaskedbytheCongresstoundertake.AndIverymuchappreciatetheco’mmentsthatwehavereceived,bothproandcon.AndIassureyouthatwewillverycarefullytakethemintoconsiderationandmakethemapartofourstudyprocess.DoIhaveanyotherquestions?Yes,sir?MR.LUTHNAN:Inwhatrelationwouldthepowerline,thehightransmissionline,haveinrelationtotheAnchorage-FairbanksHighway,asfarasvisualpollutionisconcerned?COL.DEBELIUS:Thequestionhadtodowithvisualpollution,theestheticsofatransmissionlinewhichwouldobviouslyhavetobebuiltinorder37 tobringpowerfromanydamsitetopopulatedareas.And,ofcourse,becauseweareearlyoninastudyatthispoint,we”renotpreparedtogiveanyprecisedi-mentionsorlocationsoftransmissionslines.Itispossibletosay,again,ingeneralitiesthatoneofthealternativesforthetransmissionlinethatwouldbeanalyzedwouldbetheraillineitself.Inotherwords,onemightconsidertheraillineasanexistingcommunicationscorridorwhichrunsbetweenAnchorageandFairbanks,nottoofarfromthelocationsofpossibledamsites.Soitwouldnotbeimpossiblethentoconsidertherailcorridorasanareainwhichtransmissionlinesmightlie.Iwoulddoubtseriouslythatthehighwayitselfwouldnecessarilybetheroute.Itcertainlywouldbeanalternativeweedstudy,butIdon’tseeitasbeingaverybigcandidaterightnow.Iwouldsuggestfurtherthatthereisultimatelythepossibility,asmanyhaveexpressedtonight,representingtheelectricpowermarketershere,thereisclearlythepossibilitythateventually,depending-upongrowthintheareaandsoforth,thatatransmissionloop-mightendupcomingtobe,thatisaloopwhich,ifyoucouldimagineit,couldrunfromAnchoragetoFairbankstoTok,toClennallenbacktoAnchorage.Sointheeventthatthereeverisabreakinthetransmissionline,youstillcanprovidepowertoanyofthepopulationcenters.Thisloopsystemorgrid,ifyouwanttocallitthat,isextremelyimportantandIthinkthatthisisoneoftheproblemsthatwehaveinAlaskacurrently.WehaveahydroelectricprojectdowninSnettisharnnearJuneau,whichiscurrentlynotprovidingpowertoJuneau,becausewehaveatransmissionlineproblem.Thereisnogridthere,sothereisasingleline,andIwouldsuspectthatoveraperiodoftime,theabilitytoprovidealooporagrid,Uyouwill,oranalternativeisaverydesirableoneifpowerproductionisseenasaneedinthearea.And,bytheway,insofarasthetransnissionlineisconcerned,BobCrossherefromAFA,ofcourse,oughttosaysomething,ifhe’dlike.Iwouldobservethatshoulditcometopassintheprocessofthestudythataprojectisrecommended,it’sprobablytruethattheadvancedengineeringandthedesignofthedamitselfwouldbeaCorpsofEngineerundertaking.IwouldforeseeatleastatthispointthatAPAmightverywellbedoingthestudyoftransmissionwork,justtogiveyouanideaofhowvariousagencieswouldwork38 togetheronthisthing.Bob,didyouwanttoaddanything?MR.CROSS:No.COL.DEBELIUS:Yes,ma’am?UNIDENTIFIEDSPEAKER:Exactlywhatroutedidyouplantogetallyourmenandmachineryintothatarea?COL.DEBELIUS:Thequestionwasexactlybywhatrouteswouldweplantogetourmenandmachineryintothearea.Andagain,Ithinkthequestionhastobeconsideredalittlepremature,becauseIdon’thaveastudyofthat.We’rerightnowatthebeginningpointasopposedtosomelaterpointintimewherewecangiveprecisedetails.Clearly,thereisthepossibility,forexample,ofobservingthattheDenaliHighwayrunsrightintotheareawheretheDenalidamreservoirwouldbe.Thatwouldcertainlybearoute.TheAlaskaRailroad,ontheotherhand,isnotveryfarfromthesouthernendofthisSusitnaRiverBasin.Iwouldsuggest,too,someinterestingpoints,andthatisthattheamountofmenandmachinerythatmightgointosuchanareaisitselfamattertobeconsideredwhenwelookatenvironment.Again,turningtoSnettisham,whichisaprojectthatwehavebeeninvolvedin,ifevertherewasaprojectthatverycarefullyconsideredenvironmentalmatters,itwasthatone.Forexample,thetransmissionlinetherewasbuiltinsuchawaythatnotevenaroad,notevenatrail,wasconstructedinordertobuildit.Everytowerwasputinbyhelicopter.Thewiresthatwerestrungonthetowerswerestrungbyhelicopter.Themenwhocameintodotheworkwereflowninbyhelicopter.Theconcretethatwasusedtoputinanchorsatthetowerbaseforthetowerguyswasactuallybroughtinbychopperinabucketandsoforthtominimizetheextenttowhichagreatdealofmachinerywentintothearea.MR.RHODES:It’snotafairquestion,butdidthelinework?COL.DEBELIUS:Sayagain,sir?MR.RHODES:Didthelineworkafteryougotitbuilt?COL.DEBELIUS:Yes,itdidforawhile.AsIsayrightnow,Ihaveaproblemwiththeline.Thisisoneofthethingsthatspeaksfortheideaofa39 looporagrid.MR.RHODES:Iwasbeingalittlebitfacetious,butthisisoneoftheplaceswhereIknowyoubentoverbackwardstogoalongwiththewishesoftheconservationists.Andisn’tittrueatthepresenttimewetaxpayersaregoingtopickupthetabofabout$10milliontoputthatlinebackwhereitwasoriginallyplannedinthefirstplace?COL.DEBELIUS:Ican’tnecessarily--MR.RHODES:Comeon,levelwithme.COL.DEBELIUS:I’mnotpreparedtosaywhatthecostswillbe.Itisclearthatthereisgoingtobeacostassociatedwithapermanentfixtotheline,anditisclear,atleastatthispoint,thatwemayverywellhavetogobacktowherethelinewasoriginallyplannedinthefirstplace.Ican’tsaywhether$10millionisaproperfigureornotrightnow,becausemyestimatorsareworkingonit.Itisalsotruethatnaturallythecostofdoingthattothefederal,theFederalGovernmentpaysfor,andultimatelywhenyoutalkaboutthesaleofpower,theconsumerispayingforit,youknow,thepowerthat‘5been.produced.SoIguessIcananswermostofitbyyes.Wes?MRS.GREGG:IthinkIprobablymissedsomethinginyo-uropeningremarks,Colonel..DidyousaythattheBradleyLakeispartofthestudyyou’redoing?COL.DEBELIUS:IsaidthatBradleyLakeispartoftherailbeltitself;itisnotp.artoftheSouthcentralRailbeltStudy;thatisthattheBradleyLakeprojectwasseparatelyauthorizedbytheCongresssomeyearsagoandwearestudyingthatunderaseparateauthority.ButIdidinvite,ifpeopledesired,anycoimnentstheymighthave,sinceitdoes,ofcourse,liewithintherailbelt.MRS.GREGG:DoyouhaveatargetdateforpresentingyourreportonthisstudytoCongress?COL.DEBELIIJS:Yes.AsImentionedearlyoninourdiscussionhere,theSouthcentralRailbeltStudyitselfisonewhichnecessarilyincludesatleastsomeconsiderationofmorethan40hydropower40 sites.That’srelativelyunwieldyifyouthinkintermsoftryingtoreporttotheCongresseventuallyonallofthat.So,asamatteroffactofamanageabletaskandasamatteroflookingatthoseareaswhich,atleastonthesurface,appeartobepriorityforstudy,wearelookinonthebasisoftheUpperSusitnaasthefirstareawedlookat,andourtargetistobeabletoreporttotheCongresswithintwoyearsontheUpperSusitnaBasinandwewouldcallthataninterimreport.Ultimately,thetotalrailbeltstudy,Iwouldsuspect,maytakefourorfiveyearstocomplete.Yes,sir.MR.CLEMENT:Colonel,thisisnotnecessarilyaquestion.Butit’sacommentandanobservationwhichIknowwill,notallaythefearsofsomeconservationists,becauseIdon’tthinkanythingwillallaythefearsofthepeoplewhowouldpreservetheareainitspresentnaturalstate.ButI’dlikeifpossibletohavethemvisualizethebenefits,recreationalandotherwise,thatpeoplehavederivedfromaccesstosnchareasasGrandCooley,CooleyDam,someofthesitesontheColumbia,LakeNead,iftheyknowintheWest.AndIwouldliketoaskthemalso,thosewhohavefears,aboutahighwaywhichmayeventuallyoraroadwaywhichmayeventuallyborderthelakesystemsontheUpperSusitna,iftheywoulddenythepleasurethatpeoplehaveexperienced,tourists,aswellasresidentsofAlaska,intheDenaliHighway,thatiftheyreallybelievethatthatarearemainingasitispreservedwouldbeabenefitandwouldserveanypurpose,whatsoever.COL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouverymuch,sir.IthinkthisdoesgobacktothispointthatwementionedearlieraboutthefactthattheFederalGovernmentdoeslookatanypossibleprojectintermsofmulti-purposeaspects.Andwhereasit’squiteclearthatwe’relookingathydropowerpotential,becausetheCongresshasaskedustodothat,wewouldalsonecessarilybeexpectedtoanalyzetherecreationalvalueofalakeorapoolformedbyadam,andthejoysorpleasuresthatsomepeoplegetfromhavingthatkindofsceneryavailabletothet’i.SoIguessit’simportanttounderstandthatourworkmustincludethemulti-purposeaspectsandnotjusthydropower,althoughclearlypowerproductionistheprimarypurposeofanystructurethatmightbebuiltinthisarea.41 MR.LUTHMAN:Whatarethepossibilitiesofanundergroundtransmissionline?CCL.DEBELIUS:Thankyouforthequestion.Thequestionwaswhatarethepossibilitiesofanundergroundtransmissionline,andtheanswertothatisthatitissoextremelycostlytoattempttobuildanundergroundtransmissionlinethatit’svirtuallyimpossibletoconsider.AndIrealizethateverybodythinksinterms,look,gee,inthebigcity,wecanputinundergroundutilitiesandtheyworkprettywell.ButIthinkwe’retalking,wehavetokindofgetdowntothekindoftermswe’retalking,thevoltagethatoneneedstotransmitthathugechunkofpower,ifyouwill,fromapowerproductionsitetoacitywhereitthenhasadistributioncenteranditgoesoutatlesservoltagestootherareasmakeitpossibletoputundergroundutilitieswithinacommunityprettywell,butmakesitextremelytineconomicaltotryandtransmitveryhighvoltagesthroughsomekindofundergroundsystem.Ithinktoothatitisworthnotingthatthereisalwaysthepossibility,atleast,ofconsideringsubmarinecabletypethingwhenyoutretalkingaboutariver.Iagainconsiderthatanextremelyexpensivealternativeandnotnecessarilyafavorableoneintermsofeventhoughitwouldn’tbevisual,I’mnotsurethatthatisnecessarilythebestkindoftransmissionfacilityforthisarea.SoIwouldsuspectmorethanlikelythatthetransmissionlinealternativesfromaneconomicstandpoint,atleast,wouldtendtofavorastandardoverheadtransmissionlinebetweenpopulationcenters.Yes,sir.I1R.LUTHMAN:Whatarethechancesofanelectrifiedfieldunderneathyourtransmissionlines?CCL.DEBELIUS:Thequestionwaswhatare,thechancesofanelectrifiedfieldunderneaththetransmissionlines.Ithinkit’saninterestingprincipal,thatwhenyouaretransmittingpower,alternatingcurrentpowerbytransmissionlines,itistruethatthereisnecessarilyafieldofelectricenergyaround.Infact,youmayhavereadthatsomeverysmartfarmersfromtimetotimeovertheyearshaveactuallybuiltthemselveskindofabigcoilthrough42 whichtheelectricfieldpassesbackandforthand,asyouwhoarestudentsofelectricityknow,whenyoucutacoilwithachangingelectricfield,youcanproduceacurrentinthatcoil.AndtherewasaninterestingcasethatoccurredsomeyearsagowhereafarmerintheMidwestdidthis.Hebuiltthebigcoil.Hedidn’ttouchthestate’stransmissionlineoranythingelse,buthewassupplyingpowertohisfarmandhewastakentocourtandhewouldargue,look,I’monmyownproperty.Ihavenotinanywaytouchedthetransmissionlineand,therefore,Ishouldnotbesuedormadetopayforthepower.Andhelostthecaseonthebasisthathewasactuallytappingtheelectricenergy.Soitistruethereisanelectricfield.Itis,however,notperceptible,Ibelieve,toanyonewhoisinthevicinity.Itis•notinanysensethatwe’vebeenabletodetermineharmfultoeithervegetationoranimallifeandit’s.notasifyouweregoingto,forexample,getanelectricshockbybeingnearby.Yes,sir.NR.KRELL:Thisproposalofchangingthecapitol,sayitischangedtotheRailbeltarea,wouldn’tthatchangethestudyofyourdamsquiteabit?COL.DEBELIUS:Yes,sir.That’saveryimportantpoint.ThequestionwasisitnottruethattheproposaltomovethestatecapitolawayfromJuneauintosomearea,perhapssomewherenorthofAnchorage,wouldn’tthatchangethestudyquiteabit.Andmyanswertothatisobviouslyyes.IntheeventthatadecisionismadebythepeopleofAlaskatomovethecapitol,theneteffect,ofcourse,hastobethatthereisaverygrosschangeinthepopulationcharacteristicsofthearea,theexpectedenergyconsumption;andifithasanyeffectatall,tometheeffectwouldprobablybethatthecurrentprojectionsofelectricpowerconsumptiongrowthwouldhavetobeincreasedsomewhat,whichwouldmakeitevenmoreimportanttohaveanearlywaytoproduceafairlylargesupplyofpower,whetheritbebyhydroelectricityorbysomeothermeans.Butclearly,ifthecapitolweremovedtothisarea,somekindoffairlydrasticincreasefairlysooninpowergeneratingcapabilitywouldhavetocometopassinthearea.Dowehaveanyothercommentsorquestions?Ifnot,ladiesandgentlemen,Iwouldthankyouverymuchforyourattentionthisevening.IhaveenjoyedthemeetingandIthankyouforcomingup.43 SECTIONIIEXHIBITSANDLI1’1RS DONYOUNGWASHINGTONOFFICECONGRESSMANFORALLALASKA1210LONGWORThBUILDINGTELEPHONE202/225-5765COMMITTEES:INTERIORANDINSULARConrcoftile1niteb,tateDISTRICTOFFICESAFFAIRS115U.S.FEDERALBUILDINGMERCHANTMARINEANDoueotepreentatibc202U.S.FEDERALBUILDINGIIaIjfngton,.C20515FAIRBANKS,ALAsKA99701TELEPHONE907/456-6949May8,1974PresentedbyMs.GreggforCongressmanYoungSTATEMENTBEFORETHECORPSOFENGINEERSIappreciatetheopportunitytosubmittestiutony.Ihavejustafewbriefstatementstomakeandregretthattimingdoesnotpermitmetoappearinperson.Ifeel,asdomanyothers,thattheDevil’sCanyondamcomplexwouldprovidevirtuallyallofAlaska’selectricalenergyneeds.Accordingly,Iintroducedlegislationearlyinthesecondsessionofthe93rdCongresstoauthorizetheconstructionoftwodamsontheupperSusitnaRiver.Thebill,HR12382,seeksCOngressionalapprovaltospend$1milliononenvironmentalandfeasibilitystudiesand$750millionforconstruction.ThebillhasbeenreferredtotheWaterandPowerResourcesSubcommitteeoftheHouseInteriorCommitteewhichischairedbyBizzJohnsonofCalifornia,whohasproventobeagoodfriendofAlaskainthepastandismostinterestedin.beginningconsiderationoftheDevil’sCanyonbillintheimmediatefuture.Thetimeisright.Justasthenationisattemptingtobecomeself-sufficientinitsenergyneeds,somustAlaska.WecanharnessAlaska’sterrainandclimatebybuildingthedamupintheTalkeetnaMountainsandmakingthewintersnowsdosomeworkbeforerunningdowntheSusitnaintoCookInlet.THISSTATIONERYPRINTEDONPAPERMADEWITHRECYCLEDFIBERS page2AlreadytheCityofAnchorageMunicipalLightandPowerhasbeenservednoticethatrateincreasesareontheway.WhileFairbanks,andparticularlyAnchorage,haveenjoyedpOWOTatreasonablerates,thosedaysarenumbered.TheTrans-Alaskagaslinemaystaveoffalargeincreaseinpriceforelecgricalproductionbutonlyforafewyears.Thecompetitionforgasandoilwillbesogreatbeforetheendofthisdecade,Devil’sCanyonwillbeconsideredcompetitivepower.Devil’sCanyon,bytheendofthenextdecade,willbecheappower.Asthisnationrealizesmoreandmoreeverydayjusthowpreciousouroilreservesare,wemustbeginseriouslytoconsiderpracticalalternativestopetroleumasmuchaspossibletoheatourhomes,powerourindustry,andhelpusinourdailylives.Govern:-ientagenciesarestudyingalternatenon-pollutingwaysofproducingenergy,includingsuchexoticsourcesassolarpower,geothermalenergyandevenwindpower.Someofthese,especiallygeothermalenergy,havepromiseinAlaska.Butnonecanbedevelopedandputtouseasfastandeconomicallyaswaterpower.DeviPsCanyonmustalsobeviewedastoitsnationalcontribution,forfundswillcomefromtheFederalGovernment.Nootherfirmproposalhasbeenmadetodate.OurgovernmenthasenjoyedafewmonthsofveryfavorablebalanceofpaymentsduringtheenergycrisisbuttheseoccurredbecausetheUnitedStatescouldnotbuygasandoilweneededabroad.Withtheend page3oftheoilembargo,theUnitedStateshasagainbeenplungedintoanunfavorablebalanceofpaymentsbytheresumptionofourneedforimportinggasandoil.UnlesstheUnitedStatesmovesstronglytodevelopitsalternatesourcesofpower,ourimbalancewillcontinuetoworsen,whichcanonlyleadtoaloweringofthestandardoflivingforallAmericans.Theendofthecenturywillseetheendofgasandoilasweknowittoday.Americansmustconserveeverycubicfootofgasandeverybarrelofoil--notonlyintheSouthforty-eightmustwefindalternatesourcesofenergy--butalsoinAlaska.Devil’sCanyonisanalternate.Hydroelectricpoweristhecleanestsourceofenergyavailable.EverycubicfootofgasandeverybarrelofoilsavedinAla-kamakesthatmuchmoreavailablefortheSouthforty-eightandthatmuchlessthatmustbeimported.PotentialhydroelectricsitesontheSusitnaRiverwerefirstdiscoveredmorethantwenty-fiveyearsago.ButdetailedproposalsforDevil’sCanyonwereshelvedforyearswhileCongress,theStateofAlaska,andgovernmentagencies,wrestledwithcontroversialplansfordammingtheYukonRiveratRampart.However,theeconomicandenvironmentalfactorsthatkilledtheRampartDamproposalmaketheDevil’sCanyondamlookvery,veryattractive.WherethereweremajorenvironmentalobjectionstoRampartbecauseofitsimpactonwildlifeandland,.theimpactofDevil’sCanyonwillbeminimal.Nosalmonspawnintheupper page4reachesoftheriver,removingonemajorobjectionandthelocationdoesnotconflictwithfederal,state,ornativelands.Asyouknow,oncecompleted,Devil’sCanyonwouldgenerate2.9billionkilowatthoursofelectricityperyear,equallingAlaska’scurrentstatewideelectricdemand,andsupplyingenergyalongtherailbelt.Consideringthetimeneededtobuildsuch•adam,aboutfiveyears,andthegeneralgrowthinAlaskaduringthecomingdecade,IthinkitismostimportantthatCongressbeginsworkonthisprojectthisyear. ALASKACENTERFORTHEENVIRONMTStatementforpublicmeetingonDevil’sCanyonSA3/Th!rnameisHelenerthueser.IamspeakingfortheAlaskaCentert’ortheEnvironment,agrassrootsorganizationconcernedaboutthefutureofAlaskaandthedirectioninwhichitisgoing.Wehave236membersfromalloverthestate,bothindividuals.andorganizations,andoursupportissteadilygrowing.WedonotatthistimewishtoeitherendorseoropposehydroelectricdevelopmentontheUpperbusitnaRiver.Wedo,however,havesomequestionstoaskwhichneedtobeansweredbeforeadecisionismadeonwhetherornottobuilddamsontheSusitnaRiver,ThefirstandmostimportantouestionisperhapsnotreallyonethatitshouldbetheCorps’responsibilitytoanswer,exceptinsofarsyoutoo,asindividuals,arecitizensofAlaska--andascitizensshouldbeconcerned,asweare,aboutthequalityoflifeinAlaska10years,Soyears,100yearsfromnow.Thatquestionis,howmuchmoregrowthdowewanthere?Howmuchmoregrowthcanwehavewithoutdestroyingthespecialqualityoflifethatdrewmarrrofushereinthefirstplace?1.LheproposedhydroelectricprojectontheSusitnaisabigone;itwouldencouragegrowthduringitsconstructionphaseandfurtherencouragegrowthbytheavailabilityofmorepoweronceitwasbuilt.Isthatwhatwewant?PerhapsifenoughofusaskthisquestionoverandoverthepoliticianswhopresentedthisprojecttotheCorpswillfinallyhearus;perhapssomeofthemwilleventuallybegintoquestionwhethermoregrmthisreallywhatwewantforAlaska.AmajorquestionthatwebelievemustbeexaminedthoroughlyiswhetherwewillreallyneedasmuchpowerastheAlaskaPowerAldnistrationsayswewill.Presentdemandforpowerintherailbeltareaisabout2billionkilowatthoursperyear.Inthe12yearsfrom1960to1972theannualelectricalgeneraticintherailbeltincreasedslightlyover1billionkwh.Inotherwords,ourpowerusedoubled,Ifitweretodoubleagaininthenext12yearsweduse —2—billionkwhinl9B.iandperhas6billioninl90.Yetthelaskarowerimiiüstrationsayswe’lluse10billionkwhperyearinl90.hcirfiguresarcsoiisticrtcd;inearenot.iiietimesthoseullOareu1sOph1stiCatedseeroreclearlythanthoewhoare‘aedwitidnarstemof’seeint.ingsoneway.-nothersetoffigurestolookatisthepopulationgrowthprojectedbytheGreaterAnchorageAreai3oroughreport“peopleinAnchorage.Accordingtothat,the1970pooulationofAnchoragewas125,000.Anaverageoftheprojectionsgiveninthereoortshowsapopulationof270,000in1990orjustalittlemorethandoublewhatwehavenow0Assumingth0ttheentirerailbeltmillgrowataboutthesamerateasAahorago,itwouldbelogicaltoassumethatin1920weuouldreouirejustalittleoverdoublethepowerwenowrequire,oralittleoverbillionkwhperyear0ThattsafarcryfromAlA’s10billionkwh.iercapitaenergyconsunritioncanandshouldgodom,ospeciaflyifinstitutionssuchasAiAmillencouraL;ereducedconsumption.OurpointhereisthatAA’sprojecteddemandof10billionkwhperyearby1990istherationaleforbuildin.damsontheUpierSusitna.Ifthedemandwereinfactagreatdealless,thenthatdemandmightmoreeasilybematinotherways..ituredemar.forenergyintherailbeltisthekeytodecidingwhetheradditinalsourceeofenergyareneededorwhetheredstingfacilitiescanbeexpandedtomaetfuturerequirements.Theimpactstatementandplanningdocumentsmustcarefully1this.TheEISmustexaminethoroughlythevariousalternativesforprovidingpowerfortherailbelt,andnotjustalteiativesourcesofhydropower.Weareastaterichinfossilfuelsyetourconsumptionoffossilfuelsisadropinthebucketcomparedtonationalccnsumption.Whilewerecognizethevalueofoilandgasforpetrochemicals,wenuestionwhetherAlaskausesenoughfossilfuelstoreallymakeadifferenceintheover0llnationalpicture.IfshippedOutside,uouidourfossilfuelseal1ybeusedforpetrochmicals,orwouldtheybeuseL.tocreatesmoginLosAngeles?Asenvironmentalists,we areacutelyawareoftheargumentsoftherecentiastthatitwasnecescarytobuildaipelinetovaldezsothaiwecouldgetoiltothesouthoaslastas‘ossible.eImewtheJestCoastcouldn’tabsorbthatoilandredistributeittotheuiduestwhereitisreallfl!QdOdwesaidthat,andwesaidiiiitifthcipc’linewenttoValdos,AlaskanoilwouldgotoJapan,butnoonelistened.iowthattheValdezrouteissecure,itappearslikelythatinfact,AlaskanoilidilgotoJapan.NowwearetoldthatourfossilfuelsaretoovaluableandtooexpensivetouseforgeneratingelectricityinAlaskaandthattlierereweneedamajordariOrseriesofdamstoproduceelectricity.ThisisanirmortantoustionthatthoudbeaddressedbytheiIS:whyareavailableorprosectivelyavailablefossilfuelsintherailbeltnotsatisfactolytoproduceenergyinAlaska?IffossilfuelswillbeavailahL,forhowlong?Uhatwillthecomparativedoiircostsbe?Thecomparativeenvironmentalcosts?ThesenuestionsmustalsohoaskedforotherossiThlLCiolojects.uid5nc’iscussingalternatives,thealternativeofnomloiorprojectshou]dhediscitscc..1tflro:çrn3ccm::cu:ielttenativcs,theintcrostrateusedinthecon)utatioflshouldbethesameforeachalternative.irthermore,itshouldbecpnputedatthecostofborrowingmoneyinAlaska.Inconsideringalterntivesourcesforproducinganyneededenergyintherailbeltarea,wehopethatthewillgobeyondatheoreticalanalysisofcostsforconstructionandoperationandalsoconsiderorobablesitelocationsforsuchplants..Lisisespeciallyirorbantsincethelocationofaplantcancausegreatenvironment’limpacts.Forexample,whatimpactswouldtakeplaceifalgesteamplant;erebuiltintheFairbanksareawhenwealreadyhaveseverewinterairoualityproblems?Avitalquestionwhichneedsattentionishowc.oesthisproposedprojectfitintothelanduseolanninbethngdonebytheJointFederalstateLandUsePlanningCorLdssion?Thesamecuestiona1liestoalternativemethodsforproducingenergyintherailbeltarea. Inassessingenvironmentalcostsorimnacts,wehopethewiligobeyondthenar’owconfinesoftheusitnaRivervalleyaiconsidertheixaetonthehumanenvironment.AssessLowriuchgrowththesedamsvillbringtothe;ailbeltandthtthatnildototheAlaskanwayoflife.JeareofcourseconcernedthattheusualquestionsofImpactsontheland,thewildlife,andrecreationbethoroughlyexamined;weknowth&btheCorpswilldothiswell.WealsohonethatavarietyofsitesontheriverwillbeexadnedsothatifitisdecidedtobuilddamstheCorpswillhavethenecessaryinformationtochoosethesite()withtheleastimpactontheriver.wanttoIaiowwhatdndoftransmissionlineswouldbebuiltandwheretheywouldgo0Isthereapossibilityofundergroundlines?Wewanttheprojectexmiiinedintotality,notoneieceatatime.1ourdsmsareproposed;iftwoarebuilttheothertwoarelikelytofallow;allfourshouldbeincludedintheElS,foronlyinthatwaycananaccurateassessmentoftheiractontheriverandtheen—viron3nentbemade.IftheKaiserproposalis1iilt,whatwouldtheimpactsbe,naredtothe!daiiiproposal?TheSusitnaasawildricerhasavaluenoi;thatvaluecanonlyincreaseintimeasmoreandimreAlaskanriversareturnedtootheruses.Ihisfuturevaluemustbeconsideredtoo.WethanktaieCornsforthisopnortunitytoezqressourconcerns.iL1HelenIacnhueserfortheAlaskaCenterfortheEnronment913W6thAnchorage,Alaka99501 EViLCAI1J:POvERREPORTPresentedbyIreneRyanTHESTATECONTINU[3TO1VEITSFULLENDORSEMENTTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFLIELVILCANYONHYDROELECTRICPROJECT.IITHTHEIMPENDINGENERGYSHORTAGENOWFACINGTHEUNITEDSTATESANDTHEANTICIPATEDFUTUREENERGYNEEDSOFALASKATHESTATEFEELSITWOULDBESHORTSIGHTEDNOTTOPROCEEDWITHTHISPROJECTASEXPEDIENTLYASPOSSIBLE.THEPOTENTIALFORRESOURSEDEVELOPMENTINTHISREGIONOFTHESTATEISLIKELYTOBEGREATERTHANANYOTHER1SINCEITISLOCATEDCLOSETOBOTHPOPULATIONCENTERSANDRELATIVELYINEXPENSIVETRANSPORTATION1WITHTHEANTICIPATEDINCREASEINTHECOSTOFPOWER1THEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEDEVILCANYONPROJECTWOULDASSURE1INPARTATLEASTIASUPPLYOFCLEANECONOMICPOWERFORTHISRAPIDLYDEVELOPINGREGIONOFTHESTATEFORMANYYEARSTOCOME.INADDITION1iJEVILCANYONPOWERWOULDSUPPLYTHEMISSINGLINKINTHEANCHORAGE—FAIRBANKSPOWERGRID.THECURRENTINSTALLEDCAPACITYOFTHEREGION(2S015001KW)ISADEQUATETOHANDLECURRENTNEEDS,(AVERAGEMONTHLYLOADIS151,000KWANDTHEPEAKMONTHLYLOADIS200,0001KW).HOWEVER,EVENCONSERVATIVEPOPULATIONESTIMATESINDICATEAGROWTHOFOVER70%INTHERAILBELTPOPULATIONBY1990TOOVER47O000PEOPLE.THISCONSERVATIVEESTIMATEALONEWILLPUSHTHEPOWERNEEDSOFTHEREGIONWELLBEYONDITSCURRENTCAPACITY.CONSEQUENTLY,SUBSTANTIALADDITIONALINVESTMENTINPWERGENERATIONFACILITIESWILLBEREQUIRED. SEVERALALTERNATEPOWERSOURCESAREAVAILABLETOTHESTATEIHOWEVER1HYDROPOWERISDEFINITELYTHEBESTALTERNATIVE1SEVERALREASONSSUBSTANTIATETHISPOSITION:1.MINEMOUTHCOALGENERATION—THISTYPEOFELECTRICALGENERATIONREQUIRESEXPENSIVEPOLLUTIONCONTROLDEVICES.INADDITION1COALGENERATIONOFPOWERISMORELABORINTENSIVETHANHYDROPOWERANDWOULDBESUBJECTTOINCREASESINLABORCOSTS,2.PETROLEUMANDNATURALGASBASEDGENERATION—THISTYPEOFELECTRICALPOWEROVERCOMESTHEPOLLUTIONANDLABORCOSTPROBLEMSHOWEVERIWITHTHECURRENTSHORTAGEOFPETROLEUMITISLIKELYTHATTHEVALUEOFPETROLEUMWILLBECOMESOGREATFORITSUSEINTHEPRODUCTIONOFGOODSRATHERTHANENERGYITHATTHECOSTTOPRODUCEPOWERFROMPETROLEUMWILLBEPROHIBITIVE.3HYDROPOWER—THISTYPEOFPOWERGENERATIONISTHECLEANESTSOURCEOFPOWERAVAILABLE1ITISNON—LABORINTENSIVEANDCONSEQUENTLYSHOULDSUPPLYTHEMOSTECONOMICPOWERAVAILABLESINCEITUSESARENEWABLERESOURCE.1HEDEVILCANYONPROJECTALSOOVERCOMESONEOFTHEMAINOBJECTIONSTOHYDROPOWERINTHATMUCHOFTHELANDWHICHWILLBESUBMERGEDUNDERWATERISNEARLYUNINHABITEDBYEITHERMANORANIMALS. THELOCATIOUOFTHEPOWERPLANTATDEVILCANYONWOULDBEANADDITIONALASSETSINCETHEUPPERSUSITNAVICINITYHASTHEADVANTAGEOFRELATIVELYCONTINUOUSMINERALEXPLORATIONSINCEEARLYINTHECENTURY.THEFURTHERADVANTAGEOFSURFACETRANSPORTATIONACCESSHASCONTRIBUTEDTOTHEFEASIBILITYOFPROSPECTINGBYOFFERINGANOUTLETFORPRODUCTS1BASEMETALIANTIMONY1ANDSILVERHAVEBEENMOREORLESSCONTINUOUSLYPROSPECTEDINTHEKANISHNAANDSTAMPEDEAREASILED—ZINC—SILVEROCCURRENCEAT1T.EIELSON,RECENTDISCOVERIESOFCOPPERMINERALIZATIONINTHEDENALI—MACLARENRIVERAREASIMON—METALLICANDINUSTRIALMINERALSSUCHASLIMESTONEANDCLAYAREALLPOTENTIALUSERSOFPOWERFROMTHEPROJECT.SUB—SURFACEMINERALIZATIONISONLYBEGINNINGANDCOULDPRODUCEADDITIONALDEMANDSFORPOWERINTHEREGION.STATEOILROYALITIESCOULDBEANADDITIONALSOURCEOFDEMANDFORPOWERINTHEREGIONBYSUPPLYINGPOWERTOAPOTENTIALPETROCHEMICAL.INDUSTRY,BECAUSETHEPOTENTIALDEVELOPMENTOFTHISREGIONISHIGHASAPOPULATION1ARESOURCEEXTRACTIONANDAMANUFACTURINGCENTERTHESTATE’SINTERESTINSEEINGTHISPROJECTCOMETOFRUITIONCANNOTBEOVER—EMPHASIZED. SoldotnaAlaskaMay8,1974DistrictEngineerCorpsofEngineersBox7002AnchorageAlaskaDearSir:IWiShtosuhaitthefollowingstatementaspartoftheDevil’aCanyonDarnProjectpublichearingscheduledtodayinAnohorage0IadvocateconstructionofahighdamatDevilsCanyonattheciteproposedbyKaiserCompanyforthefollowingreasons:I•OnslargedarnatDevil’aCanyonshouldbesignificantlycheapertobuildthantwosmalleronesatDeviltaCanyonandVatanawhichthelargeonewouldreplace•Myreasoningisthis:OnelargedamwouldbemucholoertotheAlaskaRailroadfortheheavyhaulofconstruction;‘:terialsthantwosmallerdarns;onlyoneexpensivesystemofriverirsiontunnels,dmfoundations,powerhouse&generators,andtrails—foricrspowerlineswouldberequiredinsteadoftwo;siteinvestigations,deaigncplans,andcontractsforonedaminsteadoftwo0Furthermore,iftheierialilzmwaterstoragereservoirislaterfoundtobeadesirableandacceptblos.applementtthelargeDevil’sCanyonDmtheadditionalcostwouldbethesameforeitherproposal0hueDenaliisafutux’.optionandns2.ThefullpowerpotentialofDevil’sCanyonandWatariadarnsitesnececsitcouldbeutilized,soonerandperhapscheaper,withonelargedamatDevil’sCanyon,byconstructinga5—6milepenstockortunneldownstreamtoapowerhcruseatorbelowthesmallDevi1’Canyonci-arnsite.Ifatunnelisfeasible,itcouldalsobeusedforthetransportationofconstructionmaterialstothedamsitethusby—passingsomeofthemostruggedcanyonareaforarailroadspuroraccess/0Orifthetunnelisusedtemporarilyforriverdiversionduringdarnconstruction,thenearlydrydownstreambedcouldbeusedforanaccess&haulroute03AlargeDevil’sCanyonDarnwouldhavesufficientreservoircapacitytooperateeconomicallywithouttheDenaliDarnwaterstoragereservoir;whilethesmalleronewouldnot04IfonlyonelargedarnisbuiltatDevil’aCanyonsthereservoirareawouldbeconsiderablylessthanasmallDevil’aCanyondarn,theWatanadameandtheDenalidamcombination05OnelargedarnatDevil’aCanyonshouldbeinfillpoweroperationmuchsoonerthanthe/lentcombinationofsmallDevil’sCanyon,Wataria,andDenali;thusreleasinggas&oilpresentlyusedveryinefficientlyfor electricalgeneration,forahigherpriorityuseelewhev,6.IsuggestthatthelargeDevil1s6anyondambebuiltabout100feethigherthanKaisertsproposal(totheelevationofWatanadarnatthe1900’contourlevel)toutilizethemaximumpotentialofthecanyon.Thiswouldrequirealow,earth—filldamlessthan50’highatthecenterandabout1/2milelong,toplugtheoutletintoStephanLake(elev,1862)7.ThemostinaccessableVeeDamshouldbebuiltlast—ifandwhenthepowerisneededandtheconservationistsareagreeable,LeavingthisportionoftheupperSusitnaRiveratleasttemporarilyunfloodedmaygaintheiracceptanceoftheremainderoftheproject,andgivemoretimetooonsidertheenvironmentalimpactinthatarea,8,IthinkemphasisandpriorityshouldbegiventousingtheentirepowergeneratedbytheDevil’sCanyonProjecttoreplaceexistingsourcesofelectricalgener!.tionintherailbeltareaincludingelectrifyingtheAlaskaRailroad,p].usamodestallowancefornormalfuturepopulationgrowth;insteadofreservingalargeblockofpowerforindustrialuseasdesiredbyKaiserCompanyandcontinueingthewastefuluseofnaturalgasinsimple—cycleturbinesforelectricalgeneration.Inconclusion,Iurgeyoutomakeaseriousobjectiveanalysisofthefeasibilityofconstructingthehighestdarnpssib].eatornearDevil’sCanyon,andcompareitfairlywiththecostspoweroutputsandenvironments].impactofyourcurrentproposaloffourdarns.Ifyouhavealreadydoneso,pleasemailmeacopy.IwouldalsoappreciatecopiesofthetrexiscriptofthePairbs.nisandAnchoragepublichearingsaccordingtothepublishedofferingmadebyLymanWoothnanyourpublicinformationofficer,Thankyouforlisteningtomyopinionsandsuggestions,I’mconvincedthatDevil’aCanyonisbyfarthebestlargehydrodevelopmentsiteinsouth—centralAlaska,andthesoonerwegetitbuiltthe.better,forbothAlaskaandrestofU,SQA.VudowhatIcantopromoteit,ifmostofit’spoweristA±edtoxwndustrvandexistingnon—renewablesourcesofelectricalenergycontinuetobeneedlesslyexpended.SincereyoursCharlieParkerC.C,Toothers "' ( •SSI5,(SI••‘•ç:••S•SECTIONIIIRECORDOFATTENDANCE RECORDOFATTENDANCEANCHORAGE8MAY1974SRA,Box91115FederalBldg.813DStreet,Anchorage221E7th5419E42nd4780Cambridge,AnchorageSt.Rt.A,Box48—TAnchorage913W6thBox4—1118Anchorage,Alaska99509GoldCreek,AlaskadoARR5122StrawberryRd.,Anchorage5001RogerDriveAnchorage,Alaska99507HomerSRABox4106—DAnchorage1233KarlukStreetAnchorage4401Northwood4401NorthwoodORGANIZATIONNNFS/NOAA—CommerceC.ofE.NatanuskaElectricAACCE-NPAEN-PR-ENSelfCongressmanYoungUSFish&WildlifeC.ofE.C.ofE.AKCenterfortheEnvironmenKTVAEyewitnessNewsStudentStudentNANE1RESS6326th2941LexingtonAve.EagleRiverBox787,EagleRiverReedHarrisFredAndersonDaleBriggsMegGirandLt.RalphBrockCharlesKonigsbergWesleyGreggDonThurstonDorisJohnsonRitaShifferPegTilestonJackSpragueHelenNienhueserVernonA.LuthmanNancyS.WilsonJohnP.&BettyIrvineStephenKurthW.C.RhodesDennisL.HardyThomasK.WilsonKathyBushueMollyBushueAKCenterfortheEnvironmenHomerElectricC.ofE. NANEADDRESSORGANIZATIONKarenSundby150046thAve.StudentAnchorageEARLC.Chandler3410BonifacePky.CivilEngineerGaryFlightnerStarRouteA,Box1458—FC.ofE.WilliamJ.MoranBox1891,AnchorageCEAGunnarFlygenringBox4095,AnchorageCEARalphR.Stefano704W2ndAnchorageKenFlynn302E2ndAnchorageMortClement3126E17thAnchorageMs.P.L.RedmondP.0.Box4—079Anchorage,Alaska99509GeorgeFaerberBox293Wasilla,Alaska99687AndyBowlsBox2405Anchorage,Alaska99510TheodoreL.Smith7447HenningDames&MooreAnchorageVirgilKnight1522CoffeyLane,AnchorageRichardA.Weinig1902AlderDriveAnchorage,Alaska99504JackM.Hession3304IowaStreet#5SierraClubAnchorageIreneRyanDept.ofEconomicDevel.StateofAlaskaJuneauVanceE.Borden8300DewberryStreetStudentAnchorageKeithA.Trexler4125TerraceDriveAnchorage,Alaska99502JulesV.Tileston4780CambridgeWayBORAnchorageDonaldT.Krull4220BaxterRoadAnchorage2 NAMEADDRESSORGANIZATION.JohnE.Swanson1770OxfordR&MConsultantsAnchorageTheodoreI.Smith7447HenningsWay,AnchorageSalvatoreDeLeonardis555CordovaBLMAnchorageJ.DavidDorris895CardiganCircleAPAAnchorageJerryJ.McCutcheonBox2340Anchorage,Alaska99510KentMiller1407QueensRoadH.J.KaiserCo.Berkeley,CaliforniaEdwardW.Bennet7227EDubinTVNewsAnchorage,Alaska99504NormanC.GoldmanP.0.BoxGM.E.A.Palmer,Alaska99645StanleyJ.Erickson833W13thAve.AnchorageHenryP.Lang2117BelairDriveC.ofE.AnchorageDwayneandHelaineDetamore768DelaneyStreetC.ofE.AnchoragePeterN.Lang2117BelairDriveStudentAnchorageRobertJ.WietholdBox189C.ofE.EagleRiverH.KayePullen603MasonDriveC.ofE.AnchorageWilliamL.Armstrong2l—279BJuniperC.ofE.EAFBase,AlaskaBobCrossBox50APAJuneau,Alaska3 CorpsPersonnelColonelCharlesA.Debelius,DistrictEngineerMr.KisukCheung,Chief,EngineeringDivisionMr.WeldonOpp,Chief,Planning&ReportsBranchMr.DuanePetersen,EnvironmentalistMr.RobertParnell,ProjectEngineer4 SECTIONIVNOTICEOFPUBLICMEETING DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY ALASKA DISTRICT.CORPS OF ENGINEERS P.O.BOX 7002 ANCHORAGE,ALASKA 99510 ANNOUNCEMENT OF PUBLIC MEETINGS ON HYDROELECTRIC POWER IN THE SOUTHCENTRAL RAILBELT AREA,ALASKA MEETINGS TO BE HELD MAY 6,1974 MAY 8,1974 MULTI-PURPOSE ROOM TUDOR ROOM RYAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL HOLIDAY INN OF ANCHORAGE 921 AIRPORT ROAD 239 WEST 4th AVENUE FAIRBANKS,ALASKA ANCHORAGE,ALASKA AT 7:30 P.M.,A.D.S.T.AT 7:30 P.M.,A.D.S.T. The Corps of Engineers is beginning a hydroelectric power study in response to a Congressional resolution which directs an appraisal of hydropower potential in Southcentral Alaska,specifically the Susitna River system,to service the Southcentral Railbelt area of the State. Public meetings ate being held to initiate public participation in the Southcentral Railbelt area study to gain information and evidence con cerning electrical energy needs of the area and possible solutions in obtaining this energy through hydropower. All interested parties are cordially invited and will be given full oppor tunity to present their views on any or all aspects pertinent to the study. All statements,oral or written,will become part of the official record of the study.Written statements may be given to the presiding official at the meeting or may be mailed to the District Engineer at the address shown in the letterhead of this announcement. Recommendations to higher authority on feasibility and selection of a plan of improvement will be made only after full consideration is given to the information received and to the expressed views of all agencies,groups, and citizens.Although the study may rest1.tJn recommendations for Federal Government actions,their accompIihint would depend upon subsequent authorization and funding States Congress. 0 REPLY TO ATTENTION OF:NPAENPRR 8 April 1974 V H SOUTHCENTRAL RAILBELT AREA,ALASKA LOCATION MAP U.S.ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT,ALASKA CORPS OF ENGINEERS 5 APRIL I97L SECTIONVMAILINGLIST SOUTHCENTRALRAILBELTSTUDYANNOUNCEMENTOFPUBLICMEETINGTOBEHELD6MAY174ATFAIRBANKS,ALASKAANNOUNCEMENTOFPUBLICMEETINGTOBEHELD8MAY1974ATANCHORAGE,ALASKA—CONGRESSIONAL:HonorableTedStevensUnitedStatesSenateWashington,D.C.20510(w/mailinglist)MAILINGLISTHonorableTedStevensUnitedStatesSenatorJuneau,Alaska99801(w/mailinglist)HonorableMikeGravelUnitedStatesSenateWashington,D.C.20510(w/mailinglist)HonorableDonYoungHouseofRepresentativesWashington,0.C.20515(w/mailinglist)FEDERAL:ChiefofEngineersATTN:DAEN-CWP-WDepartmentoftheArmyWhington,0.C.20314(5cysw/mailinglist)ResidentMemberBoardofEngineersforRivers8HarborsKingmanBldgFortBelvoir,VA22060(w/mailinglist)WaterResourcesCoordinatorDepartmentofCommerce6010ExecutiveBoulevardRockville,Maryland20852DirectorCoastalEngineeringResearchCenter5201LittleFallsRoad,N.W.Washington,D.C.20016(w/mailinglist)HonorableMikeGravelUnitedStatesSenatorJuneau,Alaska99801(w/mailinglist)HonorableDonYoungRepresentativeinCongressSuite115,FederalBuildingAnchorage,Alaska99501fw/mailinglist)DivisionEngineerNorthPacificDivision,CorpsofEngineers210CustomHousePortland,Oregon97209(2cysw/mailinglist)DistrictEngineerSeattleDistrict,CorpsofEngineers1519AlaskanWay,SouthSeattle,Washington98134(2cysw/mailinglist)TheAdministratorSoilConservationServiceDepartmentofAgricultureWashington,0.C.20250(7eye)RegionalEcondmicsDivisionOfficeofBusinessEconomicsU.S.DepartmentofCommerceWashington,0.C.20230g FEDERAL(cont)SecretaryofTransportationDepartmentofTransportationp800IndependenceAvenue,S.W.Washington,D.C.20590RegionalCoordinatorEnvironmentalProtectionAgency1200SixthAvenue,RegionXSeattle,Washington98101(3cys)Director&RegionalLeaderWaterResourcesCouncilSuite8002120“L”Street,N.W.Washington,0.C.20037(2cys)DirectorPacificNorthwestRegion,NPS931Fourth&PikeBuildingSeattle,Washington98101(2cys)Chief,BureauofPowerFederalPowerCommissionWashington,0.C.20426(4cys)AssistantSecretaryforManpower&EmploymentDepartmentofLaborWashington,0.C.20210(4cys)AdministratorFederalAviationAgencyWashington,D.C.20590(4cys)Director,AlaskanRegionFederalAviationAdministration632SixthAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501WesternRegionalDirectorMaritimeAdministration450GoldenGateAvenue,Box36073SanFrancisco,California94102SecretaryofHealth,Education&WelfareWashington,0.C.20201Chief,DivisionofEconomics&BasinStudiesPortlandServiceCenterBureauofLandManagementP.0.Box3861Portland,Oregon9720$TheAdministratorEnvironmentalProtectionAgency1626“K”Street,N.W.Washington,D.C.20460(2cys)AssistantSurgeonGeneralChief,SanitaryEngineeringOfficU.S.PublicHealthServiceDeptofHealth,Education&WeifWashington,D.C.20203SecretaryoftheInteriorWashington,D.C.20240DistributionDivision(C-44)NationalOceanSurveyDepartmentofCommerceRiverdale,Maryland20840Director,AnchorageFieldOfficeNationalOceanSurvey632SixthAvenue,Room302Anchorage,Alaska99501(2cys)DirectorResources&CivilWorksDivision0MB,Room192ExecutiveOfficeBuildingWashington,0.C.20005ReqionalDirectotWesternReqionalOfficeEconomicDevelopmentAdministrationSeattle,Washington98109(2 FEDERAL(cont)ChairmanCouncilonEnvironmentalQuality722JacksonPlace,N.W.Washington,0.C.20006Chief,FederalActivitiesBranchEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyAlaskaOperationsOffice,RoomG-66FederalBuilding605FourthAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501RegionalDirectorPacificNorthwestRegionBureauofOutdoorRecreation1000SecondAvenueSeattle,Washington98104(2cys)Chief,ArcheologicalInvestigationsNationalParkServiceWesternRegionalOffice450GoldenGateAvenue,Box36025SanFrancisco,California94102RegionalHydrologist,AlaskaRegionNOAANationalWeatherService632SixthAvenueAnchorage,Alaska.99501DivisionEngineerU.S.DepartmentofTransportationFederalHighwayAdministrationP.0.Box1648,709W.9thStreetJuneau,Alaska99801GeneralSuperintendentOfficeofIndianAffairsDepartmentoftheInteriorJuneau,Alaska99801(2cys)1r.WeymethE.Long,StateConservationistSoilConservationService204East5thAvenue,Room217Anchoraqe,Alaska99507Mr.BobCrossProjectDevelopmentDivisionAlaskaPowerAdministrationP.0.Box50Juneau,Alaska99801EconoiflicDevelopmentAdministratU.S.DepartmentofCommerceWashington,D.C.20230U.S.DepartmentofCommerceEconomicDevelopmentAdministrat1700WestlakeAvenue,NorthSeattle,Washington98109Head,Engineering&WatershedPlanningUnitSoilConservationService511N.W.BroadwayPortland,Oregon97209DirectorAlaskaWaterLaboratoryUniversityofAlaskaCampusFairbanks,Alaska99701RegionalAdministratorU.S.DHUD,RegionXArcadePlazaBuildingSeattle,Washington98101Chief,AlaskaFieldOperationsCBureauofMinesP.0.Box550Juneau,Alaska99801AdministratorAlaskaPowerAdministrationP.0.Box50Juneau,Alaska99801(3cys)StateDirectorBureauofLandManagement555CordovaStreetAnchorage,Alaska99501(3cys)AlaskaGameCommissionJuneau,Alaska99801GeneralManagerAlaskaRailroadP.0.Box7-2111Anchorage,Alaska995103 FEDERAL:(cont)AreaMedicalDirectorAlaskaNativeHealthServiceAreaOfficeP.0.Box7-741Anchorage,Alaska99510Mr.EdwardF.WeitzelGeneralPlanningEngineerBOX3621BonnevillePowerAdministrationPortland,OR97208StateDirectorFarmersHomeAdministration,USDA1218S.W.WashingtonStreetPortland,Oregon97205EconomicResearchService,USDAP.0.Box1290,CollegeStationLogan,Utah$4321ArcticHealthResearchCenterPublicHealthService,OHEWFairbanks,Alaska99701SecretaryoftheNavyDepartmentoftheNavywashington,D.C.20350DOTCoordinatorforWaterResourcesDept.ofTransportation(AWL/83)400SeventhStreet,S.W.Washington,D.C.20591(2cys)RegionalDirectOrNationalMarineFisheriesServiceU.S.DepartmentofCommerceP.0.Box1668Juneau,Alaska99801RegionalCoordinatorDepartmentoftheInteriorP.0.Box3621Portland,Oregon97208RegionalDirectorOHEW,USPHS,EHS,ECARegionX1321SecondAvenueSeattle,Washington98101ChiefEngineerAlaskaRailroadAnchorage,Alaska99501RegionalHydrologistU.S.GeologicalSurveyS45MiddlefieldRoadMenloPark,California94025RegionalForesterU.S.ForestServiceP.0.Box1628VFederalOfficeBuildingJuneau,Alaska99801U.S.Fish&WildlifeServiceDepartmentoftheInteriorWashington,D.C.20240AlaskaFisheryInvestigationU.S.Fish&WildlifeService2725MontlakeBlvd.,E.Seattle,Washington98102DirectorFieldOffice,AnchorageBureauofDomesticCommerce412HillBuilding632SixthAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501Mr.A.J.WeberU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureRepresentativetoPNWRBC1218S.W.‘WashingtonStreetPortland,Oregon97204Fieadepre$enttiieAlaskaReqionorheInteriorAnchoraqeAlaska995014 EDERAL(cont)fegionalDirector,Region1ciureauofReclamationFedera1OfficeBuildingP.0.Box80083oise,Idaho83707(3cys)TheSurgeonGeneral‘JSPHS/DHEW.330IndependenceAvenue,S.W.vlashington,D.C.20201TheDirectorNationalOceanSurvey,NOAADepartmentofCommerceRockville,Maryland20852(2cys)AreaDirectorBureauofIndianAffairsP.0.Box3-8000luneau,Alaska99801(2cys)EnvironmentalPolicyCenter324”C”Street,SE.Washington,D.C.20003Area1OfficeRiverBasinStudiesBure’auofSportFisheries&Wildlife813“DStreetAnchorage,Alaska99501WesternAlaskaRiverBasinStudiesBureauofSportFisheries&Wildlife813“D”StreetAnchorage,Alaska99501StateDirector-AlaskaNationalParkService330West5thAvenue.Anchorage,Alaska99507DirectrTechnicalServicesDivisionHousi.ngAssistanceAdministratioRegionVI,P.0.Box36003SanFrancisco,California94102AssistantSecretaryforEconomicDevelopmentU.S.DepartmentofCommerceWashington,D.C.20230U.S.DepartmentofCommerceFederalHighwayAdministrationP.0.Box1648Juneau,Alaska99801DistrictOfficeWaterResourcesDivisionU.S.GeologicalSurveyP.0.Box2480Anchorage,Alaska99510(2cys)SoutheastAlaskaRiverBasinStudiesBureauofSportFisheries&WildlifeP.0.Box1287Juneau,Alaska99801U.S.GeologicalSurveyConservationDivisionP.0.Box1152Tacoma,Washington984015 FEDERAL(cont)Mr.J.V.HouseAdministratorAlaskaPowerAdministrationP.0.Box50Juneau,Alaska99801WilliamW.Reedy,ChiefDivisionofPlanninqCoordinationEngineering&ResearchCenterBureauofReclamationP.0.Box25007Denver,Colorado80225DonaldJ.DuckDeputyDirectorDesign&ConsttuctionEngineering&ResearchCenterBureauofReclamationP.0.Box25007Denver,Colorado80225AnchorageResidentOfficeU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineersP.0.Box7002Anchorage,Alaska99510FairbanksResidentOfficerU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineersP.0.Box3069AirportAnnexFairbanks,Alaska99701Mr.A.H.EschbachPacificNorthwestWaterway,Assoc.P.0.Box3529Portland,OR.97208Mr.TedG.BinghamExecutiveDirectorFederal-StateLandUsePlanningCommission733West4thAvenue,Suite400Anchorage,Alaska99501Mt.FrankThomasRegionalEngineerFederalPowerCommission555BatteryStreet,Room415SanFrancisco,California941116 ALLARMEDFORCES:ALASKACommander-in-Chief,AlaskaAPO98742AIRFORCE:CommanderCommanderAlaskanAirCommand21stAirBaseGroupAPO98742APO98742CommanderCommander21stCompositeWing5OlOthCombatSupportGroupAPO98742APO98737CommanderCommander-in-Chief,AlaskaAlaskanAirCommandATTN:DeputyChiefofStaffATTN:AAAIOAPO98742APO98742ARMY:CommanderCommanderU.S.Army,AlaskaU.S.Army,AlaskaAPO98749ATTN:ARAGLAPO98749CommanderSpecialTroops(Prov)CommanderAPO98749USAC,FtGreelyAPO98733CommanderUSAG,FtWainwrightOfficer-in-ChargeAPO98731U.S.ArmySecurityAgencyU.S.ArmyForces,AlaskaAPO98736COASTGUARD:Commander17thCoastGuardDistrictP.0.Box3-5000Juneau,Alaska998017 STATEANDREGIONALINTERESTS:RonorableWilliamA.EgangovernorofAlaskaJuneau,Alaska99801(w/mailinglist)ConunissionerDepartmentofPublicWorksPouchZJuneau,Alaska99801DirectorEconomicDevelopmentDepartmentKenaiPeninsulaBoroughP.0.Box852Soldotna,Alaska99669ComrnisslonerDepartmentofHighwaysP.0.Box1467Juneau,Alaska99801CommisslonerDepartmentofNaturalResourcesPouchMJuneau,Alaska99801DirectorDivisionofLands344SixthAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501CommisSlonerDepartmentofFish&GameSubportBuildingJuneau,Alaska99801ForestSupervisorChugachNationalForest121W.Fireweed,Suite205Anchorage,Alaska99503Mr.JackRoderick,MayorGreaterAnchorageAreaBorough3500TudorRd.Anchorage,Alaska99507AlaskaDepartmentofEconomicDevelopmentPouchEEJuneau,Alaska99801Mr.JohnCarlsonMayor,FairbanksNorthStarBoroughp.0.Box1267Fairbanks,Alaska99701Mr.VinceO’Reilly,DirectorEconomicDevelopmentDepartmentKenaiPeninsulaBoroughP.0.Box850Soldotna,Alaska99669CommissionerDeptofEnvironmentalConservatlo;:PouchMJuneau,Alaska99801DirectorDivisionofAviation4510InternationalAirportRoadAnchorage,Alaska99501DirectorDivisionofWaters&HarborsPouchZJuneau,Alaska99801AlaskaDeptofHealth&WelfaredoAlaskaWaterLaboratoryUniversityofAlaskaCampusFairbanks,Alaska99701Mr.R.W.Pavitt,DirectorDivisionofPlanning&ResearchOfficeoftheGovernorPouchADJuneau,Alaska99801MayorGeorgeM.Sullivan,MayorCityofAnchorageBox400Anchorage,Alaska99504ta STATEANDREGIONALINTERESTS:(Cont)Mr.CarlSteebyR.W.RetherfordAssociates6728DiamondBlvd.Anchorage,Alaska99502CarrolA.OliverPowerManagerCityofAnchorageP.0.Box40flAnchorage,Alaska99504Mt.JohnR.RasmussenSeniorPlannerGreaterAnchorageAreaBorough3500TudorRd.Anchorage,Alaska99507LucianCassetta8359thAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501SamuelC.MatthewsChiefEngineerHomerElectricAssociationHomer,Alaska99603W.C.RhodesHomerElectricAssociationHomer,Alaska99603T.S.KolasinskiChugachElectricAssociationhgAlaska99501I..M.HodsonAlaskaVillageElectricCoop,999TudorRd.Anchorage,Alaska99503Mr.WillardH.Johnson,ManagerMatanuskaElectricAssociationBoxGPalmer,Alaska99645Mr.JoelC.SmithUtilityEngineerAlaskaPublicUtilitiesComm.1100MacKayBldg.338DenaliStreetAnchorage,Alaska99501Mr.RonaldLarson,MayorMatanuska-SusitnaBoroughBoxBPalmer,Alaska99645Mrs.LeeAcAnerney,MayorCityofSewardSeward,Alaska99664Mr.StanThompson,MayorKenaiPeninsulaBoroughBox850Soldotna,Alaska99669T.PatrickO’BrienElectricForemanCityofSewardP.0.Box337Seward,Alaska99664Mr.HaroldGillamMayor,CityofFairbanks410CushmanSt.Fairbanks,Alaska99701Mr.LeeBrowningCityEngineerCityofAnchorageCityHallAnnexAnchorage,AlaskaMr.RayEstessState—FederalCoordinatorDivisionofPlanning&ResearchPOUCHADJuneau,Alaska99801Mr.EarlG.PeacockH.J.KaiserCo.KaiserCenter300LakesideDriveOakland,CAMt.BobHufmanGoldenValleyElectricAssociation758IllinoisFairbanks,Alaska99707Mr.A.W.BakerGoldenValleyElectricAssociation758Illinois9Fairbanks,Alaska9970799501Inc. STATE&REGIONALINTERESTS(Cont)EdwardG.Barber1001E.St.Anchorage,Alaska99501Helen0.BeirneBox48BSpenard,Alaska99503WillardL.Bowman1112E.69thAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99502MikeBradner915KillumSt.Fairbanks,Alaska99701CarrolSelwyn425“B”StreetFairbanks,Alaska99701GenieChanceBox2392Anchorage,Alaska99510TomFinkBox1066Anchorage,Alaska99510HelenM.Fischer2023WildwoodLaneAnchorage,Alaska99503MiloFritz2235VanderbiltCircleAnchorage,Alaska99504GlennW.Hackney1136SunsetDriveFairbanks,Alaska99701RobertHartig717“K”StreetAnchorage,Alaska99504JohnHuberBox2591Fairbanks,Alaska99707RichardL.McVeigh5070NottinghamWayAnchorage,Alaska99503(StateLegislature)HughJ.MaloneP.0.Box9Kenai,Alaska99611RussMeekins1540“K”StreetAnchorage,Alaska99501JoAnnMiller836“M”Street,Apt.#10Anchorage,Alaska99501JosephL.Orsini2912AlderDriveAnchorage,Alaska99504Alfred0.OseP.0.Box832Palmer,Alaska99645WilliamK.Parker337E.10thStreetAnchorage,Alaska99501LawrenceD.PetersenP.0.Box14Ft.Yukon,Alaska99740RichardRandolphBox123Fairbanks,Alaska99701A.M.Saylorsp.o.Box4-084Anchorage,Alaska99509KeithW.SpeckingHope,Alaska99605RichardK.Urion3239HilandDriveAnchorage,Alaska99504AndrewS.Warwick2—1/2MiSteeseHighwayFairbanks,Alaska99701Charles0.Wingtove4305JamesDriveAnchorage,Alaska99504r10 STATE&REGIONALINTERESTS(Cont)(StateLegislatureCont)JohnR.ButrovichLowellThomas,Jr.10395thAvenue7022TanainaDriveFairbanks,Alaska99703Anchorage,Alaska99502ChancyCroft1511“G”StreetAnchorage,Alaska99501CliffordJ.Groh711“H”StreetAnchorage,Alaska99501JessHarris101611thAvenueAnchorage,Alaska99501JalmarM.KerttulaBoxZPalmer,Alaska99645C.R.Lewis1922LoganStreetAnchorage,Alaska99504KeithH.Miller836“M”Street#202Anchorage,Alaska99501TerryMillerP.0.Box80869Fairbanks,Alaska99701W.I.“Bob”PalmerBox103Ninilchik,Alaska99639JohnRaderBox2068Anchorage,Alaska99510RonL.Rettig2567LoussacDriveAnchorage,Alaska99503JohnSackettBox65Galena,Alaska99741GeorgeC.SilidesBox746Fairbanks,Alaska9970711 NEWSPAPERS&PUBLICATIONS:AnchorageDailyTimesP.0.Box40Anchorage,Alaska99510AnchorageDailyNewsP.0.Box1660Anchorage,Alaska99510FairbanksNews-MinerP.0.Box710Fairbanks,Alaska99701InletCourierP.0.Box312Homer,Alaska99603Jessen’sWeeklyP.0.Box970Fairbanks,Alaska99701KodiakMirrorP.0.Box1307Kodiak,Alaska99615CordovaTimesCordova,Alaska99574AssociatedPressP.0.Box209Juneau,Alaska99801TheFrontiersmanPalmer,Alaska99645DailyAlaskaEmpire138MainStreetJuneau,Alaska99801AlaskaMagazineP.0.Box4-BEEAnchorage,Alaska99503PacificFisherman71ColumbiaStreetSeattle,Washington98104UnitedPressInternationalP.0.Box1660Anchorage,Alaska99510Editor,AlaskaIndustryP.0.Box399Anchorage,Alaska99510KetchikanDailyNewsP.0.Box79Ketchikan,Alaska99901WalkersWeeklyP.0.Box365Valdez,Alaska99686AlaskaSpotlightP.0.Box166Anchorage,Alaska99510MarineDigest1008WesternAvenueSeattle,Washington98104SeattlePost-IntelligencerP.0.Box1909Seattle,Washington98111PetersburgPressPetersburg,Alaska99833SeattleDailyJournalofCommerce83ColumbiaStreetSeattle,Washington98104TheNomeNuggetNome,Alaska99762SeattleTimesFairviewAvenue,N.&JohnStreetSeattle,Washington98111DailySitkaSentinelP.0.Box799Sitka,Alaska99835WrangellSentinelP.0.Box801Wrangell,Alaska99929AlaskaConstruction&OilReportP.0.Box2278Anchorage,Alaska9951012 NEWSPAPERS&PUBLICATIONS(cont)KuskokwimKronicleBethel,Alaska99599AlaskaNewsletterSierraClub,AlaskaChapterP.0.Box2025Anchorage,Alaska9.95lOCookInletCourierKenai,Alaska99611AlaskaFarmerWasilla,Alaska99687HomerNewsHomer,Alaska99603CheechakoNewsSoldotna,Alaska9966913 RADIO&TELEVISIONSTATIONS:Mr.R.0.JensenKetchikan,AlaskaTelevision,Inc.P.0.Box1852Ketchikan,Alaska99901NewsEditorRadioStationKFRBP.0.Box950Fairbanks,Alaska99701NewsEditorRadioStationKLANP.0.Box278Cordova,Alaska99574NewsEditorRadioStationKENIP.0.Box1160Anchorage,Alaska99510NewsEditorRadioStationKTKNP.0.Box1459Ketchikan,Alaska99901NewsEditorRadioStationKFARP.0.Box910Fairbanks,Alaska99701NewsEditor•RadioStationKIFWP.0.Box299Sitka,Alaska99835NewsEditorRadioStationKYAK2800E.OowlingRoadAnchorage,Alaska99507NewsEditorRadioStationKINY231S.FranklinStreetJuneau,Alaska99801NewsEditorRadioStationKWKO338DenaliStreetAnchorage,Alaska99501NewsEditorRadioStationIKIIARP.0.Box7016Anchorage,Alaska99510NewsEditorRadioStationKBYRP.0.Box2200Anchorage,Alaska99510NewsEditorRadioStationKFQDP.0.Box1040Anchorage,AlaskaNewsEditorRadioStationKICYP.0.Box820Nome,Alaska99762NewsEditorRadioStationKJNOP.0.Box2231Juneau,Alaska99801NewsEditorRadioStationKSRMP.0.Box950Soldotna,Alaska99669NewsEditorRadioStationKNOMP.0.Box101Nome,Alaska99762NewsEditorRadioStationKJNPP.0.Box“0”NorthPole,Alaska99705NewsEditorRadioStationKEXAP.0.Box276Seward,Alaska99664NewsEditorRadioStationKYUKP.0.Box583Bethel,Alaska9955999510•Ea14 RADIO&TELEVISIONSTATIONS(cont)NewsEditorArmedForcesRadioJ-lDivisionHeadquarters,AlaskanCoumiandAPO98742NewsEditorRadioStationKUACUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks,Alaska99701NewsEditorTelevisionStationKTVFP.0.Box590Fairbanks,Alaska99701NewsEditorTelevisionStationKFAR-TVP.0.Box910Fairbanks,Alaska99701NewsEditorTelevisionStationKINO-W3910SewardHighwayAnchorage,Alaska99502NewsEditorRadioStationKVOKdo3555HardingAvenueHonolulu,Hawaii(Kodiak)NewsEditorRadioStationKCAMP.0.Box125Glennallen,Alaska99588NewsEditorTelevisionStationKENI-TV4thAvenueThreatreBuildingAnchorage,Alaska99501NewsEditorTelevisionStationKTVA-TVP.0.Box2200Anchorage,Alaska99510‘5 CONSERVATIONINTERESTS:Mr.JackHessionSierraClubRepresentative2400Barrow,Apt#204Anchorage,Alaska99503ConservationChairmanSierraClub,AnchorageChapterP.0.Box2025Anchorage,Alaska99510Mr.RichardWoodrow,ChairmanSocietyofAmericanForesters4867NewcastleWayAnchorage,Alaska99503Mr.TerryJackson,ChairmanSocietyofAmericanForestersP.0.Box1459-B,StarRouteAAnchorage,Alaska99502Dr.FredC.DeanAlaskaConservationSocietyP.0.Box5-192Fairbanks,Alaska99701Mr.EdBeliringer,PresidentNationalWildlifeFederationAlaskaSportsmen’sCouncilP.0.Box90Chug’iak,Alaska99567Mr.RussDunn,PresidentTroutUnlimited8045LloydDriveAnchorage,Alaska99502Mr.JamesE.FisherKenaiPeninsulaChapterAlaskaConservationSocietyP.0.Box563Soldotna,Alaska99669Mr.DavidSchimberg,PresidentSewardChapterAlaskaConservationSocietyP.0.Box477Seward,Alaska99664Dr.M.R.CatheyChairman,PollutionCommitteeKodiak-AleutianChapterAlaskaConservationSocietyP.0.Box592Kodiak,Alaska99615Mr.TedSchultz,PresidentAnchorageChapterSierraClubP.0.Box2025Anchorage,Alaska99510Mr.A.W.Boddy,ExecutiveDirectoAlaskaSportsmen’sCouncil1700GlacierAvenueJuneau,Alaska99801Mr.WaltParker,PresidentUpperCookInletChapterAlaskaConservationSocietyP.0.Box3395Anchorage,Alaska99510Mr.James.B.Molt,PresidentAnchorageChapterIzaakWaltonLeagueofAmericaP.0.Box1687Anchorage,Alaska99510AlaskaRepresentativeFriendsoftheEarthP.0.Box1977Anchorage,Alaska99510Mr.JohnLiskaSportsmen’sGamePreservationAsscEagleRiver,Alaska99577Mr.NoelWoodsMatanuskaValleySportsmen’sCouncPalmer,Alaska99645Mr.RonRettigSportfish&GameInstitute2567LoussacDriveAnchorage,Alaska9950316S CONSERVATIONINTERESTS(cont)ConservationChairmanSierraClub,FairbanksChapterP.0.Box5-051Fairbanks,Alaska99701Mrs.MaryA.Miller,SecretaryKenaiPeninsulaChapterAlaskaConservationSocietyP.0.Box563Soldotna,Alaska99669MissJaneMcVayWendlerEcologyClubA.J.WendlerJuniorHighSchool2905LakeOtisParkwayAnchorage,Alaska99504Mr.JeffRichardsonEastAnchorageHighSchoolConservationClub2205BonifaceParkway,#84Anchorage,Alaska99504MsTinaStonorovExecutiveSecretaryAlaskaConservativeSocietyBox80192College,AlaskaMr.AustinWardAlaskaEnergyforAmerica106CharlesStreetFairbanks,Alaska99701aMr.A.P.DicangiP.0.Box133Fairbanks,Alaska99701Mrs.DixieM.Boade,ChairmanCommitteeonNationalTongassConservationSocietyP.0.Box2282Ketchikan,Alaska99901Mr.RobertH.Burke,ForesterKetchikanRangerDistrictU.S.ForestService1287TongassAvenueKetchikan,Alaska99901Mr.0.CalvinM.Fair,Vice-PresKenaiPeninsulaChapterAlaskaConservationSocietyP.0.Box563Soldotna,Alaska99669Mr.LeonS.EricksonGoldCreekAlaska%AlaskaRailroad99510Mr.JerryMcCutcheonBox2340Anchorage,Alaska9951017 CONSERVATIONINTERESTS(Cont)Mr.BretAllardAlaskaAudobon1184OceanviewAnchorage,AKPresidentSocietyDrive99507Ms.SherryHolmesLeagueofWomenVotersBox1345Anchorage,AK99501GeorgeDickson,PresidentUpperCookInletChapterAlaskaConservationSociety750W.2ndAveAnchorage,AK99501Dr.RobertWeedon,PresidentAlaskaConservationSocietyBox80192College,AK99735Mrs.CinnyHarris,ChairmanSierraClub3945BaichenDriveAnchorage,AK99503Mr.EdSwanson,PresidentKnikKanoers3014ColumbiaAnchorage,AK99504Mr.JackHession,StateRepresentativeSierraClub3304Iowa#5Anchorage,AK9950110Ns.RitaHendricksonAnchorageWomen’sCLub4407IreneDriveAnchorage,AK99504Ms.HelenNienhueserAKCenterfortheEnvironment913W.6thAveAnchorage,AK99501Mr.GordonW.Watson,AreaDirectorBureauofSportFisheries&Wildlifc813DStreetAnchorage,AK99501Mr.JamesW.Brooks,CormuissionerAKDept.ofFish&GameSubportBuildingJuneau,AK99801Mr.HarryL.Rietze,RegionalDirectorNationalMarineFisheriesServiceP0Box1668Juneau,AK99801Mr.JulesTilestonBureauofOutdoorRecreation524W.6thAveAnchorage,AK99501Nr.BillSchoenberg,PresidentIsaacWaltonLeague905RichardsonVistaAnchorage,AK99501Mr.MikeHershbergerTroutUnlimited2906WillRogersPlaceAnchorage,AK9950318 POSTMASTERS(2cyseach)Homer99603ZIPCODES:Kenai99611Senators20510Kodiak99615Representative20515OCE20315McGrath99627NPD97209NPS98134McKinleyPark99755APOZIPCODES:MoosePass99631FtWainwright98731Nenana99760FtGreely98733ElmendorfAFB98742Ninilchik99639FtRichardson98749Palmer99645Anchorage98501Rampart99767AirportAnnex99502Seldovia99663Spenard99503Seward99664MountainView99504Soldotna99669AnchorPoint99556Talkeetna99676Cantwell99729Tanana99777Chitina99566Valdez99686Circle973Wainwright99782College99735Wasilla99687CopperCenter99573Yukutat99689Cordova99574DeltaJunction99737EagleRiver99577Fairbanks99701FortYukon99740Gakona99586Galena99741Girdwood99578GlennAllen9958819