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SUSITRA HYDRO!'LECTiiC PB.OJECT
LOWEI. SUSITRA RIVER SEDIMENTATIOB STUDY
-PROJECT EPF!CTS Oil
SUSPENDED SEDIMERT CONCENTIA7ION
Report by
Harza-Ebasco Susitna Joint Venture
Prepared for
Alaska Power Authority
November 1984
TABLE OP-· CONT!RTS
S!CTION/.TITLB -.
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF EXHIBITS·
1 .. 0 SUMMAB.Y
2.0 SCOPE OP TBB STUDY
3.0 SBTTING
4.0 SUSPENDED SBDIM!NT
4.1 DATA SOURCE
4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT
4.2.1
4.2.2
At Selected Locations
Suspended Sediment Entering Watana
Reservoi.r
4.3 EFFECTS OF ICE COVER ON SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
4.4 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DURING FREEZE-UP
4 .S PROJECT EFFECT
IBl!IBRCES
TABLES·
!XIII BITS
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
Suspended Sediment Concentration at
Watana ReservQir Outlet
River Temperatures
Suspended Sediment Concentration between
Watana and the Confluence
Suspended Sediment Concentration between
the Confluence and Sunshine
PAGE
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iii
1
1
3
3
3
4
4
6
7
7
8
8
10
11
12
Number
1
2
3
LIST OP TABLES
Title
Suspended Sediment Samples Colle<:ted at USGS Stream Gaging
Stations
Suspended Sediment Concentrations
Partlc'le Size Distribution of Suspended Sediment
.;..!_i-
. :'·: · .. ~ ·.: ..
. . .,',, ·.··.'·:···
Number
t.
2 .
3.
4.
s.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
'LIST OF EXHIBITS
Title
Stream Gaging Stations
Susitna River at Gold Creek, Water Discharge Vs. Mg/1
Susitna River at Sunshine, Water Di~charge Vs. Mg/1
Suspended Sediment Size Distribution, Susitna Rfver nr.
D~riali
Suspended Sediment Size Distribution, Susitna River nr.
Cantwell
Su~pended Sediment Size Distribution, Susitna River at Gold
Creek
Suspended Sediment Size Distribution. Susitna River nr.
Ta1keetna
Suspended Sediment Size Distribution, Chulitna River nr.
Talkeetna
Suspended Sediment Size Distribution, Talkeetna River nr.
Talkee.trta
Suspended Sediment Size Dist-ribution, Susito.a River at
Sunshine
Suspended Sediment Size Distribution, Susitna River at
Susitna Station
Susitna River at Gold Creek, Monthly Suspended S-ediment
Concentrations
Susitrta River at Sunshine, Monthly Suspended Sediment
Concentrations
Middle Susitna River -.Isotherms, Natural Condit.fo:i.s, Winter
1971-72 Cliniate.Data
~iddle Susitna River -Isotherms, Wata.na on;l.y, 1996 Energy
Demand, Winter 1971-·72 Climate Data·
Middle Susitna 'River -I-sotherms, Watana/Devil Canyon, 2002
Energy Demand. Winter 1971-12 Climate Data
-iii-
.. ·· ·•• '• .:_:o.·-
Number
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27 .
28.
29.
30.
31.
LIST OF EXHIBITS (eontinued)
Title
Middle Susitna River-Isotherms, Watari.a/Devil Canyon, 2020
Energy Demand, Winter 1971-72 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River -Isotherms, Natural Conditions, Winter
1976-77 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River -Isotherms, Watana only, 1996 Energy
Demand, Winter 1976-77 Climate Data
Middle Susitna: River -Isotherms, Watana/Devil Canyon, 2002
Energy Demand, Winter 1976-77 Clim3.te Data
Middle Susitna River .-Isotherms, Watana/Devil Canyon, 2020
Energy Demand, Winter 1976-77 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River -Isotherms, Natural Conditions, Winter
1981-82 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River-Isotherms. Watana Filling 1992-1993,
2nd Winter, Winter 1981-82 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River -Isotherms, Watana only, 1996 Energy
Demand, Winter 1981-82 Climate Data
Middle Susitna RiVI!r -Isotherms, Watana/Devil Canyon, 2002
Energy Demand, Winter 1981-82 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River-Isotherms, Watana/Devil Canyon, 2020
Energy Demand, r~inter 1981-82 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River ~ Isotherm;;, Natural Conditions, Winter
1982-83 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River -Isotherms, Watana Filling 1991-1992,
1st Winter, Winter 1982--83 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River -Isotherms, Watana only, 1996 Energy
Demand, Winter 1982~83 Climate Data ·
Middle Susitna. River -Isotherms, Watana/Devil Canyoti, 2002
Energy Demand, Winter 1982-83 Climate Data
Middle Susitna River -Isotherms, Watana/Devil Canyon, 2020
Energy Demand, Winter 1982-83 Climate Data
-iv-
1.0-SOMMAJtY
The ·concentrations and particle size distributions of suspended sediment
were determined fo-r natural conditions at various locations on _ the Susitna
River based on the data collected by the United States Geological Survey.
Under with-project conditions, the concentrations were estimated for reser-
voir releases and at Gold Creek and Sunshine.
It is estimated that the average suspended sediment concentration of all
flows entering Watana Reservoir will be about 830 milligrams per 11 tre
(mg/1). The reservoir will trap about 82 percent of the sediment. Pa-rticle
sizes of about .004 mm and less will pass through. The concentration in the
releases will vary from about 55 mg/1 in the winter to about 250 mg/1 in the
summer.
The estimated mean monthly suspended sediment concentrations at Gold Creek
and Sunshine are shown on Exhibits 12 and 13. Project operation would
increase the concentration during winter and decreas.e that during summer.
At Gold Creek, November through March concentrations would increase from
a bout 5 to 60 mg/1. The increase a t Sunshine also would be about the SCI.Ji!e.
The concentrations in the months of April and October also wi 11 increase
compared to those under natural conditions (Exhibits 12 and 13). The
concentrations during May through September will decrease (Exhibits 12 and
13).
2.0 SCOPE OF THE STuDY
This is a second report by Harza-Ebasco Susitna Joint Venture on the evalua-
tion of project effects on sediment transport in the Susitna-River. The
first report e.ntitled ''Reservoir and River Sedimentation (HE, April
1984)11 primarily addressed the sediment accumulation in the Watana and
1/ Indicates reference at the end of text.
-1-
Devil Canyon reservoirs and potential aggradation and degradation in the
river reach between Devil Canyon and the confluence of the Susitna and
Chulitna rivers (the confluence) and near the confluence.
The scope of this study includes the analysis of suspended sediment concert-
t rations under natural conditions and changes in the concentrations due to
project operation. The analysis is made for the Susitna River at the Watana
site, Gold Greek and Sunshine stream gaging stations (see Exhibit 1 for the
locations). The m.ajor tasks are:
1. to define the characteristics of suspended sediment at selected
locations upstream of Sunshine stream gaging station (Sunshine
gage);
2. to define the characteristics of suspended sediment entering
Watana Reservoir;
3. to estimate probable suspended sediment concentrations of water
released from the reservoir;
4. to evaluate effects on suspended sediment concentrations in the
mainstem due to major tributaries entering the Susitna River above
Sunshine gage; and
5. to provide a comparison of monthly. suspended sediment concentra-
tions at Gold Creek stream gaging station (Gold Creek gage) and at
Sunshine gage for natural and with-project conditious.
-2-
3.0 SETTING
The Susitna River drains an area of about 19,600 square miles (mi 2 ) in the
south central region of Alaska. The major tributaries include the Chulitna,
Talkeetna and Yentna rivers with drainage areas of about 2 ,650, 2,040 and
6~200 mi 2 respectively.
The Susitna River ori~inates in the West Fork, Susitna, East Fork and
Maclaren glaciers of the Alaska Range (Exhibit 1) and traverses a dlstance
of about 320 miles to its mouth at the Cook Inlet. The Chulitna River
originates in -.:he glaciers on the south slopes of Mount McKinley and joins
the Susitna River from the west near Talkeetna at river mile 98 (river miles
referenc ed from the Cook Inlet). The Talkeetna River originates in the
Talkeetna Mountains and joins the Susitna River from the east near Talkeetna
at river mile 97. The Yentna River originates in the Alaska Range and
e:nters the Susitna River from the west at river mile 28.
The Susitna Hydroelectric Project will include two dams, Watana and Devil
· Canyon, located at river miles 184 and 152, respectively. The drainage
areas at the two s i t c~s are about 5,180 and 5,810 mi2, respectively.
Susitna streamflow is characterized by turbid high flows from May through
September and clear low flows from October through April . High spring and
summer flows are caused by snowmelt, glacial melt and storm rainfall.
4 .0 SUSP!Nl)ED SEDIMENT
4.1 DATA SOURCES
Suspended sediment samples have been co-llected at a number of stream gaging
stations in the Susitna River basin by the· United States Geo l ogical Survey
(USGS) (USGS Water, Resources Data) and R&M Const1ltants (R&M, 1981). These
samples have been analyzed. for total suspended sediment concentration in
-3-
mg/1. A number of sampl!!s also have been analysed for particle size dis-
tribution. Exhibit 1 shows the sampling stations for which 'the suspended
sediment data are available. The number of samples collected at selected
stat ions during the period of record are given in Table 1. R&M Consultants
collected about 10 samples at Cantwell and 8 samples at Gold Creek stream
gaging stations during 1980 and 1981.
4Q2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT
Sediment is transported in suspension, as bed load rolling or sliding along
the bed and interchangeably in suspension and as bed load. 'rhe nature of
movement depends on the particle size, shape and specific gravity in respect
to the associated velocity and turbulence. Under some conditions of high
velocity and turbulence (high flows in steep-gradient mountain streams)
cobbles (64 to 256 mm size) can be carried intermittently in suspension.
Conversely, silt size partie les ( .004 to .062 ::nm) may move as bed load in
low-gradient, low-velocity channels.
4.2.1 At Selected Locations
Suspended sediment is the sediment that is transported outside of the bed
layer in suspension by the turbulent components of the flow. In the Susitna
Rivet, fine material (silt and clays finer than 0.062 mm) and fine to medium
sand particles (sizes between 0.062 mm and up to 1.00 mm) have commonly been
observed in suspension.
The fine material, also known as wash load, is derived from sheet erosion,
glacier melt and bank erosion. The quantity of wash load being transported
depends upon its availability because for the observed ranee of flow the
Susitna River can 'transport much larger quantities of wash load than has
been measured. The sand particles are derived either from river bed erosion
or fr001 glacier melt and other erosion processes. The maximum quantity of
sand being transported depends upon the magnitude of flow.
-4-
Suspended sediment samples at the USGS stream gaging stations generally have
been collected during the months of ~Y through October (Table 1). A few
samples are available for some stations for the period from December through
April but no sample has been collected in November at any station.
Since the suspended sediment consists of wash load and sand particles, its
concentration varies both with the availablity of wash load and the capacity
of flow to transport sand particles. Available data for Gold Creek and
Sunshine gages are plotted on Exhibits 2 and 3, respectively, to show the
variation of sediment concentration with water discharge. The maximum,
minimum and median concentrations measured at various stream gaging stations
are listed in Table 2. The maximum and minimum concentrations are not pro-
vided for the months for which only one or two samples are available. The
median values in such cases are also not given.
The size distrfbut::!.oG.o:~ of suspended sediment at various stations are given
in Table 3. Size C.istributions are available for the samples collected
durh,g the months of May through October. A f~w samples collected during
the other months were not analysed for <Jize di.9tribution probably because of
insufficient sediment quantity. The smoothed size distribution curves based
on Table 3 are shown on Exhibit 4 through 11. The percentages of fine mate-
rial and sand particles at various locations taken from these exhibits are
given below.
-5-
PERCENTAGES OF FINE MATERIAL A.'fD S&'iD
IN SUSPENDED SEDIMENT
Station
Susitna R. nr. Denali
Susitna R. · nr. Cantwell
Susitna R. at Gold Creek
Susitna R. nr. Talkeetna
(above confluence)
Chulitna R. nr. Talkeetna
Talkeetna R. nr. Talkeetna
Susitna R. at Sunshine
Susitna R. at Susitna Station
Fine Material
( < .062 mm)
52
54
61
70
62
51
69
61
Sand
(> .062
48
46
39
30
38
49
31
39
Med i an
Dia.
mm) (rnm)
.056
.049
.038
.015
.024
.060
.014
.030
The above table indicates an increase in the per ~~entages of fine material
from Denali to above the confluence of the Susitna and Chulitna rivers.
Downstream from the confluence, the trend is not clear primarily because of
sediment contributions from the major tributaries and partly because of
limited number of samples available for Susitna River at Susitna.
A sufficient number of samples are not available to precisely define the
concentration for each month. However, by comparing the data for various
stat ions, some indicative values of monthly concentrations for the Susi tna
River at Gold Creek and at Sunshine were estimated and are shown on Exhibits
12 and 13, respectively. The values indicated on the exhibits are not re-
lated to specific discharges a n d approximately represent the median values
from the range of observed concentrations under natural flow conditions.
i
4.2.2 Suspended Sediment Entering Watana Rese·rvoir
The characteristlcs of the suspended sediment entering Watana Reservoir are
best represented by those measured at the Cantwell station. This indicates
that, on the average, the suspended sediment concentrations vary approxi-
mately between 2 to 20 mg/1 from November through April and between 80 to
3,000 mg/1 f~om May through October. The aver~e size distribution based on
-6-
the samples collected from May through October is shown on Exhibit 5. This
indicates that about 18 percent of the sediment is less than .004 mm (clay
sizes), about 36 percent is between .004 and .062 (silt sizes) and about 46
percent is larger than .062 mm (sand sizes). The average annual streamflow
at Watana is about 8,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) (HE, January 1984).
The suspended sediment inflow is estimated. to be about 6,530,000 tons per
year (ton/yr) (HE, April 1984). This gives an average concentration of
a bout 830 mg/1 for the flow entering the reservoir. The winter concentra-
tion may be about 0 to 10 mg/1 (Table 2).
4.3 EFFECTS OF ICE COVER ON SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
A study made by w.w. Sayre and G.B. Song (Sayre, 1979) to evaluate the
effects of ice-cover on alluvial channel flow and sediment transport
processes indicates that ice causes a number of changes in alluvial channel
flows by approximately doubling the wetted perimeter and thereby producing a
redistribution of the boundary and internal shear stresses. The total depth
of flow in the channel with a given unit discharge and slope is significant-
ly increased (about 20 to 30 percent for a smooth cover and from 30 to 80
percent for rough cover, relative to the depth for a free surface condi-
tion). Due mainly to the lo~er velocities, sediment discharge is signifi-
cantly reduced.
The above conclusions are applicable to· the Susitna River fot the period
between early November and mid-May when an ice cover is generally present.
4. 4 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PORING FREEZE-UP
Field observations on the Susitna River show that freeze-up generally begins
in October and may continue until break-up. The beginning of frazil ice (a
spongy or slushy accumulati on. of ice crystals which form tn supercooled
water that is too turbulent t 'o permit coagulation of tht! crystals into sheet
ice) is marked by a rapid reduction in suspended sediment concentration. As
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the process continues, the river becomes clear within a day or two. The
contributions of fine sediment from the erosion process and from glacial
flour are stopped due to frozen ground and the elimination of glacier llelt.
The river remains practically clear until breakup.
The frazil crystals often flocculate into larger clusters having a porosity
of about 60 percent. Since water can permeate through these clusters, they
filter out the sediment particles which remain entrapped in the ice. During
breakup, a significant quantity of sediment, mostly silt and clay, is
observed to be mixed with ice. The sediment is concentrated at places
rather than distributed over the whole mass.
Anchor ice, similar to slush ice but adhering temporarily to the river bot-
tom, also has been obs·erved to be mixed with sediment . The anchor ice prob-
ably catches sediment moving as bed load as well as suspended load. the
anchor ice is generally formed at night and released during the day and then
drifts downstream.
4.5 PROJECT EFFECT
4.5.1 Suspended Sediments Concentrations at Watana Reservo.ir Outlet
Peratrovich, Nottingham and Drage, Inc.; (PND), (PND, 1982) made analysis of
turbid! ty levels in Watana Reservoir using a computer model DEPOSITS. The
major conclusions made by PND that are pertinent to this study are given
below.
1. It is likely that sediment particles of about .004 mm and less
wili remain in suspension;
2. Maximum turbidity levels at the outlet will be on the order of SO
NTU's, which corresponds to a sediment concentration of 200 to 400
m.g/ 1;
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3. Minimum turbidity level will be in the order of 10 NTU's. which
corresponds to a sediment concentration o·f 30 to 70 mg/1;
4. Turbidity levels at the reservoir outlet during each month appear
to be prima-rily dependent upon the travel time for sedi111ent slugs
delivered to the reservoir during previous summers to reach the
reservoir outlet; and
5. In spite of some limitations, the data gathered from outside
sources support the conclusion that Watana reservoir turbidity
level will be in the range of 10-50 NTU's.
Harza-Ebasco plans to study the suspended sediment in Watana reservoir and
in the outflow f'rom the reservoir. The purpose of the study will be to
confirm or refine the analysis made by PND. The dynamic reservoir simula-
tion model DYRESM (Imberger and Patterson, 1981), currently being used for
the reservoir temperature and ice study, will be enhanced to include a sub-
routine to simulate quantitatively the vertical distribution of suspended
sediments in the reservoir and the suspended sediment concentration in the
outflow on a daily basis. The model will consider the sediment !Dixing due
to meteorological forcing, turbulence, density currents and externally
specified vertical settling velocities. The effect of the ice cover on the
suspended sediment concentration also will be considered. Compared to
DYRESM, the DEPOSITS model used monthly inflow data and thus, was not
responsive to rapidly changing sediment inflows during floods. The effects
of stratification, density currents and ice cover also were not considered. ·
PND' s analyses show that sediment particles of about .004 mm and less will
remain in suspension and pas.s through the reservoir. Using the size dis-
tribution curve shown on Exhibit 5, about 18 percent of the sediment is
finer than .004 mm. Therefore, it can be· expected that about 18 percent of
the inflowing sediment will paas through the reservoir.
-9-
the turbidity level at th·e outlet: is estirnat.ed to be about 10 to 50 NTU's by
PND. In terms of suspended · sediment, PND estirna·ted the concentration t .o be
about 55 to 2·50 mg/1 • However, recent studie.s by .Harza -Ebasco in.di ca te that
the relationship between suspended sediment concentration and turbidity used
by PND is not valid for glacial outftow . Data are bei-ng collected fran the
Susitna River and several south central Alas.ka gLaci.al lakes to revise this
relationship.. The results and conclusions made in this study wilt be
revised when the refined estimates of reservoir rele·ase suspended sediments
became available.
tn the absence of any better information on reservo1r turbidity and
suspended sediment con centra tion, the PND results are us·ed in this study.
Therefore, it 1s assumed that the ope.ration of Watana r~servoir would
increase the suspended sedim,ent concentration 1n winter fran abou.t 5 to
about 55 mg/ 1. The swnmer concentration would be significantly reduced.
The extents of reductions would vary fran month to month.
4.5.2. River Temperatures
The extent of formation of ice cover on the Susitna River downstream fran
the reservoirs will depend upon the reservoir outflow temperatures and their
effect on river temperatures. Because the formation of ice cover affects
1:he sediment trans port as discussed under sub-section 4. 3, an evaluation of
with-project river temperatures was made _ based on the on-going qtudies.
Harza-Eb.as~o is conducting a temperature and ice study for Watana and Devi 1
Canyon reservoirs and a river lee study between Devil Canyon and the
Chulitna confluence. The preliminary study results indicate that the
outflow temperatures at Wata.na will be ab_out l 0 t ,o 3°C higher than those
under natural condi tiona bo.th f .or an average and an extreme winter. The
Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center (AEIDC), Alaska, is
conductin~ a river temperat-ure study to investigate, wi .th-proje~t tempe_ra-
tures at various locatiot)s in the reach be lpw Watana a~d Devil Canyon. The
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fina:l results of this study a.t:e not yet available. However, the preliminary
results (see Exhibits 14 through 31) indicate that between 15 and 30 miles
of the river downstream from Devil Canyon would be tee ftee during the
winter period depending on winter weather conditions when Devil Canyon and
Wa tana are ope.rating. With Wa tana operation only, the ice cover wi 11 be
between 10 and' 25 miles down·stream of Devil Canyon. Frazil and anchor ice
formation may occur upstream of the ice cover where the river temperature is
above 0°C·
4.5.3 Suspended Sediment Concentration between Watana and the Confluence
The suspended sediment concentration in this rea~h will be controlled by the
concentration in the reservoir releases (about 55 to 250 mg/1) and any sedi-
ment contribution from the reach. During summer flood periods, the concen-
tration will be somewhat higher than 250 mg/1 because of intervening flows
but much less than those observed under natural conditions.
Simulation of river temperatures for various winter scenarios (Exhtbits 14
through 31) indicate approximate locations of ice front for natural and
with-project conditions. The 1971-72, 76-77, 81-82 and 82-83. winter climate
data used in the simulation represents cold winter preceded by wet summer,
very warm winter !'>receded by dry summer, average winter preceded by wet
summer and warm winter preceded by average summer, respectively. The
formation of frazil ice or anchor ice will occur in the reach immediately
upstream of the ice front while further upstream these activities will be
pr~cti~ally eliminated because of above freezing temperatures of reservoir
releases.
The suspended ,9ediment concentration in the reach above the ice front will
be nearly the same as in the releases. Any reduction caused by frazil and
anchor ice will be compensated by sand particles picked up from the river
bed because of higher winter flow. The formation of ice in the reach
between the ice front and the confluence will reduce the sediment transport
-11-
capacity of the river and some sediment could be trapped by ice. aowe ver.,
the reduction in the concentration will be relatively small. The approxi-
mate IDOnthly distributions of suspended sediment concentrations for With-
projf!cts conditions are shown on Exgibit 12 .
4.5.4 Suspended Sediment Concentration between the . Confluence .and Sunshine
In this r .each two major tributaries, the Chulitna and the Talkeetna rivers
join the Susitna River. These rivers carry Uttle sediment during winter
(Table 2). The increased winter flow will pick up sand particles from river
~ed.. aowever, some of the sediment will be trapped by the ice and net
inci~~-"';~ in sediment concentrations will be insignificant. The concen:tra-
"'·· ·:r·.~:-· :
tion duri~· ~·~,nter will, therefore, be controlled by the concentration in
:\t:.l·:·~_:.·::·:
the Susitna Rivef above the confluence. During summe.r months, low concen-
tration in the Susitrta above the confluence will reduce the concentration at
Sunshine compared to the natural conditions. The tnOnthly concentrations
were estimated at Sunshine gage based on monthly suspended sediment concen-
trations and discharges obs.erved on the ChuJ..itna and Talkeetna rivers, witb.-
project monthly discharges and concentrations on the Susitna River above the
confluence and flow contributions from the intervening area. The monthly
discharges used for the Susitna River were those for with-project and
scenario 'C' of License Applicat·ion. The monthly discharges for the
Chulitna and Talkeetna rivers were for the water years from 19 50 through
1981 computed by ACRES (ACRES, 1982).
Exhibit 13 show the approximate increase or decrease in the suspended sedi-
ment concentrations during various months at Sunshine. This can be used to
estimate changes in turbidity levels.
-12-
RBl!I!IC!S
Acres American Incorporated, 1982: Feasibility Report, Volume 4, Appendix
A, Hydrologic Studies, Final Draft, Susitna Hydroelectric Project, prepared
for Alaska Power Authority, also subsequent updates.
Harza-Ebasco Susitna Joint Venture, Susitna Hydroelectric Project, April
1984: Reservoir and River Sedimentation, Final Report, Document No. 4 7 5,
prepared for Alaska Power Authority.
Harza-Ebasco Susitna Joint Venture, Susitna Hydroelectric Project, January
1984: Susitna River at Watana and Devil Canyon, Streamflow Time Series,
Draft Report, Document No. 460, ~repared for Alaska Power Authority.
Iruberger, J., and J .c. Patterson, 1981: A Dynamic Reservoir Simulation
Model. DYRESM: 5, Transport Models for Inland and Coastal Waters. Chapter
9, Academic Press.
Perat.rovich, Nottingham and Drage, Inc.; November 1982: Susitna Reservoir
Sedimentation and Water Clarity Study, prepared for Acres American Inc.
R&M Consultants, Susitna Hydroelectric Project, 1981:
Report, prepared for Acres American, Incorporated
Authority.
Water Quality Annual
for the Alaska Power
Sayre, w.w; and G.B. Song, February 1979: Effects of Ice Covers on Alluvial
Channel Flow and Sediment transport Processes, prepared for U.s. Geological
Survey, IIHR Report No. 218, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, The
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
U.s • Geological Survey: Water Resources Data for Alaska, Water Resources
Division, Anchorage, Alaska, published annually by water year.
Table 1
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT SAMPLES
COLLECTED AT USGS STREAM GAGING STATIONS
Months
J F M AM J J
Stream Gaging Stations Period No. of Samples
Susitna River nr. Denal 1961-62; 1964-66
1968; 1974-75;
1977; 1979-82 --1 1 7 8 12
Susitna River nr. Cantwell 1962-72;
1980-82 1 - 1 -3 11 14
·Susitna River at Gold Creek 1962; 1974-82 3 1 4 - 9 7 9
Susitna River nr. Talkeetna 1982 -----5 4
Chulitna River nr. Talkeetna 1967-72,
1980-82 1 1 4 2 4 10 10
Talkeetna River nr. Talkeetna 1966-82 8 1 7 7 12 13 16
Susitna River at Sunshine 1971; 1977;
1981-82 - - 2 -1 7 7
Susitna River at Susitna 1975-Sl 2 -3 2 3 4 6
Station
A s 0 N D
9 8 3 - -
9 12 3
9 8 5
5 1 ---
8 9 2
23 12 7
8 3 1
4 1 2 -2
Table 2
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS
Months
Station 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug ~ Oct Nov Dec --·
Susitna R. nr. Denali
Max. ----1190 1600 2770 5690 3600 1400
Min. -- - -
102 302 886 350 124 85
Median ----570 840 1350 890 293 104
Sus!tna R~ nr. Cantwell
Max. --- -
726 1860 2790 1040 770 140
Min. ----132 172 632 380 34 6
Median - -
--661 417 1090 755 138 84
Susitna ·R~ at Gold Creek
Max·. 8 -3 -1110 1400 130 938 812 22
Min• <1 -1 -65 151 100 158 23 7
Median 2 -2 -498 574 394 420 68 10
Susitna R• nr. Talkeetna
Max. ---- -
769 768 341
Min. -----181 145 219
Median -----438 422 285
Chulitn~ R. nr. Telkeetna
Max. --21 -1040 1600 2200 1260 1680
Min. --4 -500 90 717 694 129
Median --12 -675 820 1165 817 396
Talkeetna R. nr. Talkeetna
Max. 15 -11 48 503 1340 1160 3530 310 29
Min. 2 -1 2 21 171 90 38 13 8
Median 8 -3 8 123 309 359 466 80 16
Susitna R. at Sunshine
Ha.x. -----1630 1430 3510
Min. -----360 503 424
Median -----702 713 715 1
Susitna R. at Susltna Station
Max. --5 -572 918 1490 1490
Min. --3 -378 326 561 483
Median ~ -3 -417 503 852 943
Table 3
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT
No. . Particle Size (mm)
Stream Gaging of !J .002 .004 .008 .016 .031 .062 .125 .250 .500 1.000 ----. --percent Finer TbanY Station Sample
Susitna River 34 12 16 23 31 41 53 64 81 96 100
nr. Denali
Susitna River 27 12 18 25 33 43 54 67 86 97 100
nr. Cantwell
Su.sitna River 24 15 19 27 35 47 61 15 86 98 100
at Gold Creek
Susitna River 13 29 35 53 72 79 90 100
n't. Talkeetna
Chulitna River 36 21 31 37 46 55 62 72 85 99 100
nr. Talkeetna
Talkeetna River 16 9 16 22 31 41 53 65 85 99 100
n~. Talkeetna
Susitna River 17 22 33 43 53 62 67 19 90 100
at Sunshine
Susitna River 9 16 23 33 43 52 60 82 94 100
at Susitna Station
1/ Samples for which full range of size distributions were analyzed.
2/ The percentages given are the median values from a range of oberved percentages for various sizes.
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MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER -ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS (PlOTTED AT MIO ~WEEK)
49 50 51 52 I Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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1r
I
80 . I #PIT! u I OUT I I NOV I DEC I . JAN I FEB I MAR I APR 11.
TIME
NATURAL CONDITIONS
WINTER 1971 ·1972 CLIMATE DATA
ALASKA 'POWER ~'OTHORITY
, susn~:~~ HY_DRQ_eteG.T.RIC ~Pijo)e_cr .~
. '.\ :::[
. AA C HC,fNYI~.oNw£,tJ~L IXJ~OO{l~~~~ §
ltHfORIMJ.IOH AND OAJA .· · ·.• · -..... . ... .. ..• ·.·~
CfNT£ft • ,SUStlHA ..tOtNf VfNIUfl!( . ..:
1 . . ~ ·l ' . . ·.... .·. . ...
··~ ..
';.·\
i >
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER -ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS (PLOTTED AT MID-WEEK)
49 50 51 !)2 I 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2~ 30
190 . . I . · • ·I I i I t I I I I I I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I I l l I J NOTES
WATANAIOO~ ; ,· ;· i I I~ t \
110~ 1 ~ I I / (
$~~\!-oN;;j . J J j
a ....
.
GOLO cREE~30 j I I I
120
110
100 -}CHIJLIT~~
: •·. \i.'
90
..
...
,..
I
I
"
r
I
"-----~ I -
0
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF ICE fRONT
I d
...
80 I \ =tt.a.tl I pctr I I I NOV I DEC • I JAN I FEB I MAR I AfH I
TIME
.. -:::
',\
" WATANA ONLY, 1996 ENERGY DEMAND
I ,j• WINTER 1971·1972 CLIMATE DATA
1. TEMf<;,i ERATURES IN •c.
2. APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF I.CE FRON·T FROM
RIVER ICE SIMULATION
PLOTS.
ALASKA POWEll AUTHORIT-Y I SUSITNA HYOf\O~LECTRtC P~()JE(:T ~~
:r
AjlCTIC [NitlftO~WfHJALIOOA\OO~c:»(!~:I ·-!E IHfOIIIIlArt()lrt AHO OAU . . . . . . . · . . . ·"' ((NJ(~ . · SUSifNA . .IOlN.f ~fNfUit( . -1. -·.·.. m .
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER -ISOTHERMS
•:.
WATER WEEKS (PLOTTED .AT MID-WEEK)
49 50 51 52 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 tO II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2728 29 30
19Q II I ~I I I ,I I -l,l---LL-L l I I ~-~ I I I I I I I I I I I I NOTES
WAT Ali A I . I r I 1 I 1. T E M p E A A T u A E ·s IN •c .
180
170
·'
::.: ......
···· ..... ·'·1..:; 1so
'?:.DEVIL
.. 1 !~·6t~··y ·q N .
:w . '. ,.,· ·., , ... ~
. \~\
; ...
. ::;\>-·_;_
. 'f5 ;; ..
·><·)' a:
-~-:::.:
140-
GOLD .. · · .. ·· .····· . I
·CREEK .
. :~: :: '•: ·. ~.
130
120-
110-.
l:~~i-
1'/;,·'Ct,-tH,t;;! TNAIOO
1
,,,, .. ,. ' ....
:{;
.. 90
.•. .,,
I -..
...
~·
~APPROXIMATE LOCATION
1
OF ICE FRONT I
\j
2. APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF ICE FRONT FROM
RIVER IG:E SIMULATION
PLOTS.
i.:_.
' ~·.·" BO I •\ •n.fi, I U lv-.~ ( J I NOV I DEC I JAN I FEB I MAR J APR I
.. ·-~:
:1 :'·:~ TIM£ .. , ......
··.1: .;:. -
'·'·l d; WATANA/OEVIL CANYON, 2002. ENERGY DEMAND
. ~ -:-· ·-----;--
AlASKA P-OWER AUT.HO .RITY
l SOSIINA ~YO~()~LECTR'C P~OJECT I X
I
ARCTIC £NYIAOHW_[!tf~l ~£OO?l£-:=-m~ ·§
INf"OHWATIOff AND · OAU . .· · ·.· · .... ·c ..•.... : • . ·.
. CfNTlA IUSI!~A JOINf ·WIN JURI · -i ' : . . . ' . . et; WINTER 1971-1972 CLIMATE DATA
··~· ,'i • • • i • •I '
MIDDLE SUS I TNA RIVER -ISOTHERMS
WATER Wf:EKS (PLOTTED At MID-WEEK)
49 .50 51 52 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26 29 30
190 I I I I I I I I I I .I I I I I I I I I l_l_l I I _LI I I I 1 I I I I
I I I I I I NOTES
WATANA-.f
lBO
160---;~g;~x~Ld.N I
:.;~·' ·. :':<· ' ' Ji~,;)~~~~K:: -'
.a:•'
150
( 111 -
I -II
II_IJ/A
I 1\j
h... . LOCATION I ~ APPROt~~~~E FRONT
) ~ ~ ..-
., ..
: .. ~·--~-. ;~\' ..
12o ~t
:5~;~iEf,'i--:{~{~·;: .·.··;do ·-~
;.~"CHULITNA__;
,.,. ...
·l~~··,··
·. "·! -~· uo-
80 I . \::sr.rh Ill tfv1\ I -I NOV 1 nrc I J.AN I FEB I MAR I
TIM£
WATANA/DEVIL CANYON, 2020 ENERGY DEMAND
WINTER 1971-HH2 CLIMATE DATA
""'
-
AP
I. T EMPER ATURES IN •c .
2. APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF ICE FRONT FROM
RIVER ICE SIMULATION
PLOTS.
ALASKA· .POWER AUTHORITY '. -: .• .. · .. -.: ... ' . ,. . . . ~ '· . ' . . ' ' ' '
SUSITNA HYOROElECT.RtC PROJECT m ... . .. .. . . . .. -.~
A~CJlC' ENVIRONMEftlA( ~OO;?l£C::.m~. · ~
IHf.ORWATION AHO OAU · · · ... , . ·." .. ·'cE'NtU '· -.IU31lNA ;IO.Nf ·· WINJU .. I --i -"-4
MIOOL£ SUSITNA RIV E H ~.J SO THEnMS
WATER WEEKS (PLOTT~D AT 'MID-WEEK)
49 5 0 51 5 2 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 1 2 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
190 I I I I I I I I I I I I I, I I I I ,.1 I I I l, l I . I I, I I I I I I I l J
WATANA--f
111 l~ .:. ,...1
I Ill
) .. , ....
N O TE S
··, . :~· :::.
160-
170 -
IGO-'8 .. -.
-.,
l ........ 0
u
APPAOX(MA T E LOC.A TION l .,.---...1--'-
0F ICE FRONT t>-~-../
(
I
I
I
/
/
/
I I
1. TEMPERA TUAES IN •c.
2 . APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF ICE FRONT FROM
RIVER ICE SIMULATION \ \\'
1, 1,
1,
1
3. ICE FRONT PROGRESSION
_ .. · UPSTREAM OF RtVER
l I MILE 139 NOT MODELED
PLOTS .
H/ FOR NATURAL
I; · CONDITIONS
IH
' If I c t·f ql,
r. I J/!1
I v L
! f 11
I \ I
J\_ ... llllbcrl/.1 NOV I DEC I JAN I FEB I MAR Jl APR\l\1 80 . . . .. . .
TIME
NATURAL CONDITIONS
WINTER 1976·1977 CLIMAT E DATA
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
SUSITNA HYOROELfCJAIC, PROJECT m ... , .. , '· ·.·· .. ··.·· .· X
. X
AACTIC EHYIAONWEN1:~~ (){)&!ru~~-~~~0' CD
tNfOfUIATIOff ANO OAr A .. . ·. · ~--
C£NTUI liOSI.NA JOI .. f V~HfUIIf -i
I · ... · I . . . Ci)
'I•'
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER-ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS (P~OTTEO AT MID-WEEK)
49 50 51 52 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
160
DEVIL
CANYON I
(.() w
>;.J
':E.
-a: w
>
a::
. 150
~0
®LD 1
CREEK
130
120
HO-
'CHUUl.NA~
90
{ tr!tJVJ -
.,. -
• Q ..
..
0
Q
-I ...-, 1/ ........
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF ICE FRONT
80 I ... t. ll IL I ~;t I I I NOV I DEC I JAN I FEB I MAR I APR l
TIME
WATANA ONLY, 1996 ENERGY DEMAND
WINTER 1976·1977 CLIMATE DATA
AlASKA POWER AUTHORITY
SUSITNA HYOROElEClRlC PROJECT m
)(
. . :r
.,.CfiC (tt\IIROHUfHUl IXI£~?k&c:;;,~fiilfa\~()\ ai
INfORMAriONANOOAU .. ··. ·· · ~·.-
C(Ni£ft ~UIH .... JOUH Wt" .. fURE ~
I .1,0 '
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER-ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS (PLOTTED AT MIO -WEEK)
49 50 51 52 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26 29 30
190 I I I I I I I I I I ,I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1. I I I l I I I I I IN 0 T E s
wATANA I I I 1 I 1 1. TEMPERATURES IN •c .
2. APPROXIMATI; LOCATION
OF ICE FHONT FAQM
110 ---1 I I I I I I I I A I VE A ICE S I MULA T I 0 N
PLOTS .
... ,~.: DE V~ L
. 'CANYON . . 150
. ·.I(/') -··.·: :;_·. w • , •. : :;..J_
'; . .'
~:< .·
140
GOLP ·~
CREEK
1)0
120
110
-tt1ULIT~~
90
0. -..
0
"-APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF ICE FRONT
80 I ;;>trt Ill {ocrj I l I Nov t'l DEc I JAN . I rre . I MAR I APR I
TIM£
WATANA/DEVIL CANYON, 2002 ENERG V DEMAND
WINTER 1976·1977 CLIMATE OATA
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
SUSITNA HYOROELECTRI~ PROJECT rn
X
I
ARCTIC (NVIftON .. (Hl41.. .{XJ£OO~&o:ornliDL!l~ ro .
IHfORWAfl~ ANO 0414 ,. · · . . · -
C(NJU. ;1~tHJitA .IOUH: ltlNfURl . -i
l I ~
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVEH-ISOTHERMS .,.
WATEAWEEKS(PLOTTED. AT MID -WEEIO
49 50 51 52 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2:> 26 27 28 2.9 30
I I I I ·' I I I ! I I 190 . L. I I I I ,I I I 1 __ 1_ I I I l. I I I I I I I l l
WATAN·A----J
180
170
160
DEVIL
CANYON
150
(/)
w _,
.·~ l4Q.,..-I qo
GOLD
•.• 0:: CREEK
liJ IJO >
,a:
120
I I
110-' I
CHUUTNAIOO 1--
90
80 I 4"-..-t 1111 v~~ lll NOV I ore I JAN I fEB I MAR Jl APR Ill
TIME
WATANA/DEVIL CANYON, 2020 ENERGY DEMAND
WINTER 1976·1977 CLIMATE DATA
NOTES
1. TEMPERATURES IN oc .
2. ICE SIMULATION NOT
MADE FOR THIS CASE .
TEMPt;AATUAES FROM.
NOVEMBER THROUGH
APRIL SHOULD NOT BE
USED.
ALA$KA POWER AUTHOR~i,:-y'
SUSITNA H)'OROELECTRIC PROJECT m
-X . :t
ARCTIC £NYIRON~EHIA~ (l{l~fru~&~~~ :(j)·
INfORMATIOff ANO OAJA . · .. , · · · .. · · ..•.... , .... · ... · -
C[NJ(A . .. . SU36l .. ~ .l~_un V_~M_fUftC . :..,...
l I ~
• -• • t,._ ~--· •• ·-•• • • _•, •" • • ,; • "'· • • • • •-• • • v·. ,•
·.·.•.
>·.'·:
.,; .. ·
:':"'' .·. ;, ~ ..
":-:~
WATANA
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER -ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS (PLOTTED AT MID -WEEK)
49 50 51 52 I 2 3 4. 5 6 7 8 ~ 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
I I· I I J I I I I f l I I I L_ L_ L_l 1 I I I .. I I I I I 190 . I I l
I ; fll 180-l
17Ql
160 -
I I
I
1:-
•.zo
T11\) 1-N 0 T E s :
Jllt \ . 1. TEMPERATURES IN •c .
(\•
1
;
1
.2. APPROXIMATE L O :CA TJON-
' · OF ICE FRONT FROM
DEVIL I L e.r-;.
tlt\ I\ RIVER ICE SIMULATION
\ \ \ PLOTS. 1\+ a. ICE FRONT PROGRESSION CANYON.
lf) w .:_:.
~·
£r w •: > .. a:
150-
140...,....
COLO......-~
CAfEK
130-
...........
120 -u liT).( ...... • "
110 ~ ~ nt }··
CHQLITNAJQQ:j') l ,. v
90-" .... ... ....
D
~
-D
I
I
I
I
/
I
-"""/ ,,. --
/rL APPROXIMATE LOCA TtON
I I OF ICE. FRONT
()
I·)\) UPSTAE AM OF HIVER I .. MILE 139 NOT MODELED f {·· FOR NATURAL Jjl} I CONDITIONS
lJM
\ljl 'l lj ,, /;
IJIIII (
{lflf~·
eo I ~E~YJ Ill\ ocr . i J Nov I oEc I JAN I . FEe .. I MA•J\ J·A u.J.t I~
TIME AlASKA. POWER AUTHOR.tlY
I SUSIJNA tiYOf\O~~ECT~I4: ~AOJ~CT .. l~
::r: NATURAL CONDiliONS
WINTER 1981-198? r.t tuA TE= nAT A
.AifCTIC (H'il.fiO.H .. EH .. TAl. l}fi. &I?J?Z&.'?.~~4.~.AIO f'(ij, lftfORWAJIOH AND .. DATA · .. · .. . · ~ -
_ --·······--····· . Ct:HHR . . SUSITNA .I~INf "liieHif!E ···~
... N
··-· 'N ·
MIODt.E SUSITNA RIVER-ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS (PLOTTED AT MID-WEEK)
49 50 51 52 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 tO II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ~4 25 26 27 28 29 30
190 ' I . I I : I . I I I ' I . I I 11 I I l I 1 1 I I I ~ I I I 11 I I I ! 1 I I I ~-NO T E S
WATANA I
180
170
160 DEVIL .
CANYON I
150
(/)
w
...J
~
a: w
>
a:
140
GOLD 1
CREEt<
130
120-
90
Q
Q
APPROXIMATE
I oF icE
I I
LOCATION I
I
FAONT-y
1.--
/
I
/
/
I
I
I
)
,.
1. TEMPERATURES IN •c.
2. APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF ICE FRONT FROM
RIVER ICE SIMULA TlON
PLOTS.
3. ICE FRONT PROGRESSION
UPSTREAM OF RIVER
MILE 140 NOT
CONSIDERED ACCURATE
FOR FILLING CASE
80 1. \ ~aatlll odt I II NOV I DEC I JAN I FEB I MAR II r•·n •
TIME
WATANA FILLING,1992-1993
2nd WINTER
WINTER 1981·1982 CLIMATE DATA
ALASKA POWER-AUTHORITY
1 sus• rNA Hvo~o~tECTRic PROJECT rx
:r;
ARCTIC (fiiVIftOHW(NJAl 008.\!ru!l~c::o{ieAil/A~ til
IN,OAMAJION AfiiD OAJA · · . . .• . ~ -
. . . . ClNJ{ft . ~U:IITNA J()INf V(NfUAI--i
~~------------------~-----------------------------------------------------------------------L--~----------~-----------------~·~
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER -ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS (PLOTTED AT MID-WEEK)
49 50 51 52 I 2 3 4 5 6 7
I
190
8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
l I I I . I I I I l I I 1 I I I I I Ll j_l_j I 1 l l I I L l I I 1 i
. • . I I . I I I NOTES
WATANA I ~ ~ . ( lBO-I ...
; ( i
170-1
•
t~o-
111 fV ~\ ~ 1 \ .. ~
~
1. TEMPERATURES tN •c.
2. APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF ICE FRONT FAO.fvi
RIVER ICE SIMULA TI'ON
PLOTS .
. DEVIL
.CANYON I
.'Ul w·
,.:..J
.~
a:: .w >
0::
150
140
GOLD .,
CREEK
130
120~
100 . CHULITNA-.--:.
90
..
l
....
1
I
o;o
/'I
.r-
/'
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
Of ICE; FRONT
...
\
80 . Dl ~t ... !· 111\ OCT\ I u NOV I DEC I JAN I FEe I m,..8 fl .IAFI!II II
TIME
WATANA ONLY, 1996 ENERGY OEMAND
WINTER 1981 ·1982 CLIMATE DATA
ALASKA POWER' AUTHORlTY
1 SUSITNA HY()ROELECT~IC P~0JECl · ~
I X
ARCTIC . £NVIftOIUI£"TAl (X}£!\ffi)~a~~ m
INfORWAliOHAHO .~fA .. ·, .... , · , · .·.: · .. · .. -
CIENTfft ' IUIITNA JOIN' 'WlNlUIIII( .-1 . ,, N
.. I ~
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER -ISOTHERMS
WAT~A WEEKS (PLOTTED AT MID-WEEK)
49 50 51 52 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26 29 30
190 I I I I I' I I I 1 I • I I 'I I I I I I' I I I 'I I l I ) I I I I I' I I I N 0 T E s
WATANA-1
aeo-
DEVIL
CANYON---I
150
U)
w
.;;_J
~
n:
w > ...._
0::
CREEK
llO
120
110
90
\ -J-
~v
APPROXIMATE LOCATION . .
Of ICE FRONT
...
,."' J ..,
1. TEMPERATURES IN •c.
2. APPROXIMATE lOCATION
OF ICE FRONT FROM
RIVER ICE SIMULATION
PLOTS.
80
ll ;,!\t·tl 8 ocr Lilt oov ~ oEc I JAN 1 FEB 1 ... ,..a n f!\lfll 11
TIME ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT· m . . . . X
:I: WA 1 ANA/DEVIL CANYON, 2002 ENERGY DEMAND
ARCHC £HVI.AONW£HJ.4l ~lfd~c:.R:~A~ [ji INf~RWAIIOfl! ANO OAlo\ · · · ~. ~
C(fU'fR. IU,lTMA .IOUU v••ruttl -i
N
WINTER lSSl-1982 CLIMATE DATA ... ~ ~ ,,, .................... -----~------~-------------&----------------_.~
.,: . ' . . : ~ .
.MIDDLE . SUSITNARIVEA-ISOTHE'AMS
WATEHWEEKS (PLOrTEO AT MID-WEEK)
49 50 51 52 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 i3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
190 I . I .·_I I I I I I I ' I I I I, I I I I ·' I I I I. I I I 1, I I 1 1 I I I I . I
···wATANA~
'160
·'·• ()·~ V It ..
CANYON.
150 :.·,~ 140 '\ \ l
· GOLD
.. ir CREit<--t j \ \
,·t W ·. '\
> t3o . f'~ I \ 1 \ f . , \
~ ~ '
i l 120 . ,: :: i \ I I } l \ I .. ..
; . ·; I \ I \ I
'. ,, . uo .::, u~~-... ljl J \ f I / , ~
. CHULITNA100 .. • I d \. I ' \
.,. I . r I \
90--:-1 -: "r<V I 7 ,. ~ I li f I I
··0:
0
.· I :>t.t"\1 T I I OCT I rll !.NOV · DEC . JAN 1l fEB
TIME
WATANA/OEVIL CANYON, 2020 ENERGY DEMAND
WINTER :.1 .98·1-1982 CLIMATE DATA
NOTES
1. TEMPERATURES IN •c.
2. ICE S-IMULATION· NOT
MADE FOR THIS CASE.
TE:MPERATUAES FOR
'NOVEMBER THROUGH
MARCH SHOULD NOT
BE US.ED.
NOTE SH~iLARITY TO
WATANA/DEVIL CANYON.
2002 WINTER 1981-19'82.
ALASKA POWER ''Aurtionlfv ;
susiTNA.)iVOROELEci~acP.RoJeca 1· m ~~c ric .. ~"vi~oH~£NT•~·~ Ca&OO~~~~~ ::~
INfORMATIOH AHO. OAJA· .... ·.·; ... ·. . ............ · · ..... · ., . -~
. .. CLin(... . · SUSl.NA .IOIN.J VINJUAE -,.f
··.N .... . .. ·. m
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER •ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS (PLOTTED AT MID ~WEEK)
49 50. 51 52 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
'90 +_L I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
. r·111·. ~11;' ,,~ 0
I . f . ; . . . I I 1 '1. I NOTES
WATANA • . ,. ,., ' ..
180
110 :\l'l;. . ,
16Q,~.
DEVIL _
,.,.. ....6
CANY-0~. ______ ·\ -"''150 -
U) ~ w
_J • . ,-
• :E 140 GOLD . CREEK-. --f a:: . .·
~
w 130 .. >
:a:
120
•.•9
Ct:iyLITNAIOO
~0
SIMULATED ICE -FRONT (APPROX.)
11 I
~OBSERVED
I
I
ICE FRONT (APPROX .)
n \ii::
1 . TEMPERATURES IN 8 C .
2. APPROXIMATE LOCAJION
OF ICE FRONT F·AO .M
RI VER ICE SIMUL.A li.ON
PLOTS .
81MULATED TEMPERA T-
URtS FOR MARCH AND
APRIL SHOULD NOT
BE USED.
· I \ '1 3 .tcE FRONT PROGRESSION
\I I '1 1 U P S T A E A M () F A IV E A II MILE 139 NOT MODELED
Jl /llf f 0 A N A T U R A L
• .) JlJI . CONDITIONS
.: /;n
I
) Utf•·
j ) (~
f I l ,,, I
I \ I hH
1/ ) II!Jlr
I v I jl
I 'I' 1-_~~~UU~--~~N~O~V--~~O~E~C--~~J~A~N--~~f~E8~~~M~A~R1~~A~PR~ 80
TIME AlASKA POWER AUTHORITY
I SUSITNA HYDROELECTfUC PRQJECT lm
*· X
:J:
NATURAL CONDITIONS
WI
:ARCTIC £~VIftOHIIJ(H fAl M!.\IOI57. -
NTEA 1982·19e3 CLIMATE DATA lflfORMArtOfU~to, o.u .1. ~~ltll~:tf.\-f!~ OJ .. _ . , C( .. J{ft SUIIJN~ .. .IOitn:: "eNfiiaiE q
N
.~·
:~ ·:~'
.·.
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER -ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS (PLC)TTED AT MID-WEEK)
-49 ;50 •51 52 ·t 2 3 ·4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12
190 'I I I I I I . I I I I I I I I I I I I I ·' I '· I
WAT~NA .I
DEVIL C.ANYON .. 'I . . . 150
·•. Vl .w _,
·.·~
.;Q:
".140
GOl 0 ---'-11
CA£EK
•:.w :130
...
0
·.:::>
·.·~ APPROXIMATE
OF ICE
,
LOCATION 1
120-
uo
100~ CHULITNA . -·
90
FROl7·'-
.J
I
I
I
,
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2.7 28 2.9 30
, ..
// ,.,
..
-~
NOTES
1. TEMPERATURES IN •c.
2. APPROXIMATE LOCATION
OF ICE FRONT FROM
RIVER ICE SIMULATION
PLOTS :
3. ICE FR0NT PROGRESSION
UPSTRE .... M OF RIVER
MILE 140 NOT
CONSIDERED ACCURATE
FOR FILLING CASE
80 I ~~r~ )II( ,..,., ' = Vnvv I DEC I JAN I FEB I MAR ( APR J
TIME
WATANA FILLING. 1991-1992
1st WINTER
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
1 SUS1Tt4-' HYDROE~ECT~tC Pf\,OJ~CT m
, .. -.... · X :r
ARCTIC UIV!ftOHioi(HTAl. OOf!\00~~-~ ;;)
INfOfiiWATIOfl o\ .. 0 OA.TA ·· · .... ·· . .. . . . · ·. ·. . · . -. C'ENUIII .. · . ..UIITN~ JO~Nf Vl .. ru,_l .·~
1~----~~------~~~--~------~----~--------------------------------------------------------~·--~--------~~~~------~~~~~~--... , .. · . -
WINTER 1982-1983 CLIMATE DATA
.. ::.·
: ........ ~.-~· ,_. ... ~.'. ·-·· .· ... ~ . ~ ... ,.
···> ..•.. \ MIDDLE ' SUSITNA' RIVER -ISOTHERMS
c
WATER WEEKS (PLOTTED AT MID~WEEK)
~Hh~o 5t;' 52 I 2;;, 3: 4 5 6 1 8 ' 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24·· 25 26 2'1'28 29 '30
; t9o ~ . ;N 0 T E S
...... . ;:.~ .. 160
; DEVIL ~
-;: CAN'I·ON ~
I ' (.1) ..
•·;w :
k_J
-:;~
a:
LaJ . :>.
:~ a::
' '150 '
140
GO.Lo .~,
c·fiEEK
130 '
120
110
ctioL•rN.A'oo · ·
96
•
I
I I
,. :
;,_ I ; r "'·
\ I
J
...
I V'_ '{1 , \,H·\ . r-'
lk_AP'PAOXIMA T~ l.OCATip~\l
I OF ICE FRONT I'N .~
·~ I
...
' .. l f j,,
80 lr ··hc:.:d I Ill uo-d t I .. NOV I DEC 1 JAN I FEB ' I MAR-r ~APR I
TJME ALASKA PC>WER' AUTHO-JJITV · .-
WATANA ONLY, 1996 ENERGY DEMAND
susnNA-HYDROELECTftiCi·PRO'JEC:T m . .. . . . . . . X
. . . .. . ' ... . . .. · .. · :r
AR CTIC UVIRONMfNTA~ ~oo~-1!~ CD
IN,ORMAfiO.. AHO 04JA ·. · . . . . · ·. · . .• . . .. . . . -:-1 , ciMn" ·· . ,~uan .. a JOtMT .... ,._. ••. :;:
I . . . ·. . U)
WINTER 1982,1983 CLiMATE DATA
'
'1,,•
·MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER -ISOTHERMS
WATER WEEKS {PLO'rTED AT MaD-WEEK)
49 50 51 52 • . 2 3 4 5 6 ----. ~·
lilo ,I. I I I I I I I I ! I -'yl--I I I I I I I . I I I I l I I I I I I I ·I· N 0 T E s
WATANA I I I I I 1. TEMPERATURES J.N •c .
2. APPAOXIMA.TE LOCATION
OF tCE FRONT F,R 'OU
RIVER IC~ s :IMULATION
PLOTS.
J g!.~~~ON ----t
'Cn w
,.;..J
··:i.
a: :'w
'> . ;..-.
a:
i50
140-.;;
GOLD .....
CREEK_,__
110
CHULITNA100 .
9o
\
~.
I •. I \
r.,_APPAOXIMATE LOCA liON \
oF Ice FRONT
...
.....
...
..
80 (-.·'4£P1 Ill _ bel{.{ .I/ Nov I oEc I JAN I FEB I M~R II APR ! I
~LAS,KA PQ.~ERr :AU.JHOAITY
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT m ..... ' . . X
... . : •<:·.. . .. ·':··.. . ~
··AA~TIC E,.VtftONWfNJAl_ l}{JL!WJU-::-~~ CXI
INfORNAnOft ANO OAJA ·.· · · .. · · ·· · . • ....,
TIME
WATANAJDEVIL CANYON, 2002 ENERGY OEMANO
WINTER ·1982~1983 ·' CLIMATE DATA
I
.. CENTflt : ' SU.IIlNA .. OINT VINIUR(. ·:!
I 0
1-~
~<
;· ..
~:
i
}
{--:·
i
>--:
i -~;
:-:
v·
;;·;
~ ,·;
;.~.
·;
r•.
·, ..
'·'
·.·'
. -~ . _:, . -.:
, co . . . . w!t~ey··~~~~~·!~~'~¥~~~ ,A.:o;,:~w::~:~~~R•VtflsoTHER~~ . .
·:(':-~::":_;·-4950/51 5 5-ll ·2 /_;;3/'~f·-~.:~r: 6 ·-:7 8 .9 tO II 12 13 -14 15 16 17 i8 192021 .2223 _24252_62728.2930
~1f~iw~r~"23ZJ !;(I ·~,~ I I ~.,,,< '_' l:ll I : ~,~ J.l I 'j I I I )' I I If r ' I Nor~:s __ -_ --_-__ .
)\' .•;;. \ .. · ' . <. •; ,· -. 1. TEMPEI'IAJQAES ljlj>•c . .·
---
. ; ··~.·
·-.~~~~t~?-~~.
.w_·, -·= :=E' 140 '" G.OLO~
. CRf_EK ti~f,·~,·-:::-
uo
,,-.
·.'<.,.."
.. ,~
\ ...
-
(___ I \ ,.._.
APPROXIMATE LOCATION • OF tCE FAONT
..
...
-2. APPROXIMATE· LOCAJid~'
OF rc E FA-.ON·t · FA. OM ...
RfVEA , ICE 'SI~fULATiON
PLOTS .
~;.
80. -1 :IS€f· I_ u g.,., I (I NOV ' I DE.C '' I JAN . I FEB I . MAR I I ACR) IJ
TIME
WATANA/DEVIL CANYON, 2020 ENERGY DEMAND
·l · . L~~--' Wlt\JT~Il 10~') 100"l "'' ... "T'C "'. T"'
. >/('
ALASKA POWER AUTHORil'Y
SUSITNA HYDROE LECl"RlC PAOJE~,T -~
z
ARtrtez: lNVt"O~£NfA t:: INJA\ffJ~c.{!~. §
INfOMIATION AM)_ OAf A -.·· .·· --.. , .. .. . · ._ . .· •""f
]c;_·_) '::-,:~_~Y!:·~-·,··-<' :.:,~·u~•'~"---~~~~.~·-. ~!.•'u"! ~;·
·. '-: ~:-;_ ·. ~-
.. _ .... · .·
r':·:
.-·
.. :.
. ':.·.::
.. :.1
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,;..-...... ..