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":h ......"·wit h u mc fKI ,,·,..rc kopc r c-,OIl.1f,l ; 4 :W .W .
Kl'\11 .,!"I..llnpllhl i,h"",1 d Oli a r .T he ..In......ot in tcc -
no n .nh.'\It ;lh.-,,1 h ~r ~roecn ...call incrca ..c lh..·
rn.·..crcndum h~''''-\cr al "h,'1!r,,'C'f K"'ynn"-"",'I OIL
Ii nha :KI,'\ntl lJ,a nd Cov ert 19 77 :R"'yno ld ,
1'177":1 .which ....smcho w e nhance....vurvivul trorn
th e i ntcc uo n f I.R.Coven a nd \\'.W .Rc vnold..
Iln r11t'l1 " h,..J ,1:1101 I .Str.........•e n hancte ,,1 th c-rm orce ul a-
.i"1l m i ~hl "ti n..<nm c"th e rhy..ic..I ,'~i cal fI....pon....."
,,( th e "r~a ni..m.vnch a.. th e immune r .....po ncc 10
infection o r ...-..caf".'rc acnon-,from harmful
..urnuf i.Fi,h ma intain ..'\1 in laborar orv h..mpcra-
IIIfl.'a nd rh"h'(":ri,,,,1 ,(m,hli,'I1'\com para hlc to
lh..',,,·t tl th c 'ra\\ning '...·;I"" n may a l,,'h.:in
"'r"""llIal b r..·..-...li ng co nditio n f Ba nne r a nd H ~'a ll
JtJ 7 ~:Smilh ICJ 7~l.'otl Ih",'ir p r derenda mi ~ht
n:t1~c l '1'01 "l1i n~"r li ma .
."'ntlther J'k",ih l",'inlcrr r"'lali,lO "f in it i all ~'h igh
laht1rah'r}'r rd""n:nd a inw,I,,,,,,i nilial m c" h':'t.ll
Jurinl!gra ,'ilali,'n In Ih ...•linal pr eferendum (cf.
B ~I ,I ""nh ll i l"n l Qh7 :8c it in~cr anJ ~l a ~n ll\On
1',1 70 ).a r h...·l1llnlCn'lO 0 ,'1 uncommllO in r h ~'!o i ll
I ,'~i ca l r"'''J'k'n,..."Itl tempera ture c ha ngc~(P ro-.,er
I C:lh ~:P ...·I ...r!o "n a nd ."nden "n I Qf1Q:R c~n olll ...
19 77 h L A lh:rna li \l."ly.Ih c la !ltlratory r"'''J'l'n,~
m ay hi."t:n lhiderc d to r e!lr ...""t:'nt thc pure 'rt:'c ie",-
'J'..:dtic tt:'m f\"'·ra ltlf ...•p rd t:'rt:'o dul1l.,i nc..:c \'Cry
df,,"i",mad....I"r ..-nh We e\l ran...'('lu",timuli."hil...•
a mul titude ,'I nomhcrrnal 'Iim ul i intc rtcr ..·i n ;1
complc v fa ,h liln wi th th ermal r......pon-,..·,in Il;lw r ..·.
m a l i n ~th ermal di'l rillllli"IJo-in t h ..·licM k "
prc-...l it:l ahlc .In c vtcnd ..·,1 la bora to rv l.....h.ti,h
mi gh l ,i m i l a r l ~hI."~i n II I r.....J'k 'n,1 h~nonthc rmal
Iactorv,mt l&.li l~i n r.:Ih c·"ho.c·(\...·,1 thermal Ih ..t r ibu-
rionv .S lllfll itl n 1",'\'..-1 m ;l ~haw a n c lh..c t .P"'rhOl p'
more ,i!o!n ilk an ll y."'l.:ia l inter:..n ion ..in ~n l u p'
11r ti-.h ..cern to i ncrca ..c f,lll,'"in ~th e initia l
cxpl ,'ralnr,.ph a ..c in a nov el e nvironmcm (\\".\\'.
R C ~'n "I J ,u np u bli..h..-...l data _.a nd cuch -ocial
imcraction-,han..been ,h ,m n In atlc....1 thermal
,ti",lrihllti ,'n,and be havior ffla .:on c t al .l 'It,7;
Rt:'ga l 1117 1:Itt:'il inge r a nd ~t Ol ~n t1"'I1 I Q '7~I .
",",p..-cia lly in the ca w of s ub o rdi na te io di'i,lllal..
"tk.....C'~h a'·io r i'"in h:r(c r",'('wi lh h ,·",,-,i:.l h ·
lillmin an i indil.·id ual,.....~r..:at ,kal ,~f f llrth t:"r
"(lrL.i ,n..",-tled 11.1 l1l,l h~fllll~cl a rit y a ll I II th ...•
a htw C'c llll ,id e r alio n!o .
I Ih;lnL.D r J .J.M al:nu ",m fur rc,'i"'"im:;In c ;uh
"'r afl of Ihi..rarer.I Ih anL.D I'!o R.W.\k c.lUl c ~·
a nti 1..I .Cra""haw fl'r hc1rful di"u....io n ...:md
F .P;m l Kk h;u ,l..fur orJ:;mil in,:Ih i..~,m JX1<'ill m ;Ind
Ihc r c~~r H'\'i tl i n ~;l foru m f,1r l hi..nm.:h ·nccded
c\;.min;lli ,m I,f a n imrorla nl 'iut'ojcci a rc;l.
Compilation of Temperature Preference Data I
C H ." MllS C .("O UT "!'lOt
Em "j'''',nI,."II/I .\d,·rIC ·t"\[);,'i ,i.",.lJlll.R,J J:I'.\'"ri""lli L'~'''"'f/ry·.0,1 1.Hid ,!:".1,.",1.J 7/tW.l..'.\."
C IIl '1"',.C.C.1977.Co mpilatKln of Ic mrcrollure rrd ere n&."t:lol alOi .J .f"h .Ke...Hoard Can .3-1 :
7 )9-7~:'i .
Th"re rtlf1 b rid )",m marile'","U TTen t inr l'lfTna li l1ft fw m fiekJ OI ntl 100'"ordlm)''Iuloli e 'l'n
lempcralure '4:ta:l k1ft t'o!'.ti ..hc="."ilh OI I01 btJlOl lion "fftnaI ICmJ1('roi t ure r ,derenw a mi upJ1('r a mi
I""er a 'oid"nce Icmrcrdl ure,.
K...\·.",d ,,;lempcrOit ure .~kc lkm .prc(c rcmlum .a .."tdant:e.rrdcrent:e .t-ehOl\i"r .ur1entat illn
COl 'f '~t .C . C.1977 .Compilatkm of te mrerol lu rc prc fcrclh:c d Oi IOi .J .FioJl .k c ...Btl;Jrd Ca n .3-1 :
739-7 4'.
On ri",mc bric ..cmcnl ......n"eel OI Mide k 'e n nn..i,,,,,,ncc ..c uur",nIC"ac qu i..c,,ur k Ic rrol in ~
c n l a ~OI tlJ i re 'Jo ur Ie e hoi\dc,lem pc rOll un:"fli.Ir Ie..pu i'Jo 'lol1ft "OI \ el:labtJlOl lkm lolc'Icm,..croll urc ..
p rdc ~c,fin..k'Jo e l dc ,t c m rer",lu rc'd 'c,itcmcn l ",pericourc ..el i nfc ncurc!o .
R« ci\C'J Sc plcmhcr I~.1976
Aee cpr...-d Fcbruary 10. 1977
'En viron menlal Sci c nces Division Publicalion No.998.
Re f;u Ie:I ~'C plemtorc 1976
Acc cplt Ic 10 fe ..ric r 1977
..r:.,/\
....~~A T I ~,
,.
J J ISH .IU.S BO"kll ("A !IO •\'0 1...LI.,"71
TAB U I.Su mmary or a va i la b~doua on final prerermdum a nd u PJ'lCr and lower avoidance lemperalu res 01'fish from
field and labora lory si udies.Numbers here ma y ,'at)'some\l,hal from l he ori,inal a u l bor's inlcrprclalion.Sp -s pri,.,;
W ""wi m er ;F ...Ial l :S u ""s ummer ;YOY =)·o u ,.,of l he year.
Tcmp t 'O
Sift u.....F iql 10_
SpfCin «.'"."""'~....efCTC'ftdu m ..oicllnce Loatio n ...~
.4 /bMr""1 IUll"".IIJ ....'"zo Lab "" basler and Dow"in.,...
t blc.akJ
A /fJUI rh r)'JodloriJ L. r ae 29 "......butt R••Ind .OaJlUD(ln 197)
hlu riK k herr in,l
A .IJJ~aIt>ItIJ 'rllWll l IS.I C.~p L.N.y.G all ip"19 "
t. le_ife)22 .0 s .o L .ch ,pn Welb 1961
Adult (Sp )~I.)L.b Reu un .n4 1te14endorr 1914
A .UI/lI Ju .i ....,S lII.lI lI ao Conna;:liC'u l R ..Marcy et .1.19 72
(AfMfic3n ,~4)Conn.
A ...blu,litl'1 rll",fI';1 21.)W ~o nl in L.kn H ile a n4 Jucby 1941
U ~ba u )~O ,1 S.Onlario Itrea ml h T.u.an 195.
21-21 ."L MOrlo na,W...Ne,U 1911
26 ....2••)'L.Mo no nl,W n .Neill 1971
Sm.1 1 29 ,0 26 .2 2'.'L...Nei ll 1971
S m;lll ~.,~II .'26 .0 Lab'Seill 1911
Adult IW)21.6 Lab Rn ll CT Ind Herdc ndorr 19 14
Ad ull t Sp ),..,L.b Rn llc r Ind Hcrckndorr 1914
A~u lt (F J 22 .'Lab Rnne1.nd HCflkn40fr 1974
A IJCIwcI ","..1Ii11;All "2-4,5-)2 .'O .I\,nlon Bay,Tn..G.lb...y an4 Slo_n 1914
I N y I nchovy l
Al'InJilfOlllJ .'_,.;,.,,,......22 .2 NOIT"II....,l ell n .Dendy 1941
l fln".atcr d rum l La,,,,'"22 Wa N '"R .,1114.Gammon 1973
!Mnall ~,"'lO .)·L Monona,Wil.Neill 1971
Sm.1I 21 .5-2~l .MOftOII,I .Wn.Scill l97 1
'tIO'tl t Su))1.)L.b Rnl lIa'.nd lI erde ndorf 1914
Adull (Su i 26 .S Lab Rcuner an4 Hudcndod 1914
A.Ju II IFJ 19 .6 L.b Ra lllu a nd H crdcnQorf'1914
A 'ian'I'1i1 A ll "O .,,,"lon )by.Te ••O alla.a)'and Sl.....n 191.
1M2 ca tfi\h )
A ,lrrUtopI IV'"2'.2 "C.liromia COIU DotM5orotf 1911
l~hcnu.k 51'«"")
B,.,, _rifJ ,..,~.All ,.Galwlton Ba )',Tcr..Oalla"l)'a nd SIr,._ n 1914
fpllf.-n~)
C_pou_-..I,,,.,All 1).•Sew R ., Va.
Sa u"e1 el al .1915-
(uoncroUerl 26 .'Lab St.uIkt'ct .l 19 1,.
Aduh "29 "Lab CbcJry ct aL 1975
C.r.....,_ alll,....11 21 .1 Lab f ry 19041
(&OId""'1 Sma ll "'"Lab it O)'and Job3mcn .910
Adull ('0\1 24 .2 Lab Rcu tler .nd HC'f'dmdorf 1914
Aduh (S p)2'.)lob Reulter . MI HC'f'dmdorf 1914
Adult ISu )21.0 Lab acunu.!'WI flerdcndorf 1914
Ad ull (f )2•.0 Lab Rcu tler a!'WI Her dcftdlxf 1914
Med ium 21 .9 Lab Rcynokb and Cowen 19n
C.f/'l1iIIrJ r .,;o ......,..,16 W.ba'"R .,Ind.Gammon 1973
(ri\'ef ca rpwcker)
T ill p aper ...u mm ar isv...iutormation o n tempera -
um e lec ted h y ti,hL'" in lah or"l of )"and field
...illl;lIi"'h .II-.primary p urpose i ...10 pft w idc t ab -
ul ar ,101101 on t hree "endpoints' o f te mperature
..clccnon Ihal hOI \\"been fo und u sefu l (o r ,cu in g
Il·mp.:r.alllfl·'Ia ndard ..Ior "Oller t'kxliL'"a nd (or
ll"...c r i h i n ~and predic tin g t he be havio r o f fi' hC\
ncar po wer ..tauon h"'a l""ll Ll i...ch arl;"'"(Table I ),
Tbccc cnJp.,inl-.arc the fina l prcfcr endum :IO Ll
the upper a nd lower a voidance te mper a tures .A
...i!o!ni lkanl a muu n l of a Ll dil iona l d ata ha s bee n
pllhli ..hcd ,inc,,·C ou tant (197S»sum mar i zed rc-
rt,rl-.t hrough 197 3.
De...p uc ditlc rcnt ,'udy llh;.."C1 in....a nd m e l hotJ,
am"n!!the r,,",e a rch report ..s ummarized in T able
I .a pa ucru o(te rnperaurrc pr efe r ence a ppears in
t he r c...ulh fo r m an)'species.S pecies 1Iop"'cificil)"i'
c lca rtv d emon ...tr atcd wi t h r,,·;J ..o nablc co n..i"'l'n ,,\-
a mon~laht1r aln r y a nd field re...ulh.F o r \Om ~
spec ie I he l ahula r ""llm m a r y c laritle,the need
fo r re earch directed toward resolv ine co m radic-
l ion ...O i,en:pancic.... a mong rccul tv indicah:where
caution ...hould be uwd i n a pplyin p:Ih,,""oC da l3 in
im pact a""C"'o,rnenh .So me l ahu laled valnev rcpre-
sc ru rn )·ow n i mcrprcta n o n of t he au t hors'd ata .
whi ch may di tlcr (ro m t heirs,r -::":.Ii nly.the
o tiginal p a pcrv should be fu lly u ntJen:,k'llJ be fo re
t hese data a rc I~(or power pl ant impact
a n a l )'''~o r fo r o ther pu rposes.
Aduoo ....lIfc_...
Researc h .'a'SpoI'l,,",N b y lhe Energy Resea rch
a nd De velopment Admi n islralion und er conl rae l "ilh
1M U nion Car bide Corporalion .
J J ISH .IU.S BO"kll ("A !IO •\'0 1...LI.,"71
TAB U I.Su mmary or a va i la b~doua on final prerermdum a nd u PJ'lCr and lower avoidance lemperalu res 01'fish from
field and labora lory si udies.Numbers here ma y ,'at)'some\l,hal from l he ori,inal a u l bor's inlcrprclalion.Sp -s pri,.,;
W ""wi m er ;F ...Ial l :S u ""s ummer ;YOY =)·o u ,.,of l he year.
Tcmp t 'O
Sift u.....F iql 10_
SpfCin «.'"."""'~....efCTC'ftdu m ..oicllnce Loatio n ...~
.4 /bMr""1 IUll"".IIJ ....'"zo Lab "" basler and Dow"in.,...
t blc.akJ
A /fJUI rh r)'JodloriJ L. r ae 29 "......butt R••Ind .OaJlUD(ln 197)
hlu riK k herr in,l
A .IJJ~aIt>ItIJ 'rllWll l IS.I C.~p L.N.y.G all ip"19 "
t. le_ife)22 .0 s .o L .ch ,pn Welb 1961
Adult (Sp )~I.)L.b Reu un .n4 1te14endorr 1914
A .UI/lI Ju .i ....,S lII.lI lI ao Conna;:liC'u l R ..Marcy et .1.19 72
(AfMfic3n ,~4)Conn.
A ...blu,litl'1 rll",fI';1 21.)W ~o nl in L.kn H ile a n4 Jucby 1941
U ~ba u )~O ,1 S.Onlario Itrea ml h T.u.an 195.
21-21 ."L MOrlo na,W...Ne,U 1911
26 ....2••)'L.Mo no nl,W n .Neill 1971
Sm.1 1 29 ,0 26 .2 2'.'L...Nei ll 1971
S m;lll ~.,~II .'26 .0 Lab'Seill 1911
Adult IW)21.6 Lab Rn ll CT Ind Herdc ndorr 19 14
Ad ull t Sp ),..,L.b Rn llc r Ind Hcrckndorr 1914
A~u lt (F J 22 .'Lab Rnne1.nd HCflkn40fr 1974
A IJCIwcI ","..1Ii11;All "2-4,5-)2 .'O .I\,nlon Bay,Tn..G.lb...y an4 Slo_n 1914
I N y I nchovy l
Al'InJilfOlllJ .'_,.;,.,,,......22 .2 NOIT"II....,l ell n .Dendy 1941
l fln".atcr d rum l La,,,,'"22 Wa N '"R .,1114.Gammon 1973
!Mnall ~,"'lO .)·L Monona,Wil.Neill 1971
Sm.1I 21 .5-2~l .MOftOII,I .Wn.Scill l97 1
'tIO'tl t Su))1.)L.b Rnl lIa'.nd lI erde ndorf 1914
Adull (Su i 26 .S Lab Rcuner an4 Hudcndod 1914
A.Ju II IFJ 19 .6 L.b Ra lllu a nd H crdcnQorf'1914
A 'ian'I'1i1 A ll "O .,,,"lon )by.Te ••O alla.a)'and Sl.....n 191.
1M2 ca tfi\h )
A ,lrrUtopI IV'"2'.2 "C.liromia COIU DotM5orotf 1911
l~hcnu.k 51'«"")
B,.,, _rifJ ,..,~.All ,.Galwlton Ba )',Tcr..Oalla"l)'a nd SIr,._ n 1914
fpllf.-n~)
C_pou_-..I,,,.,All 1).•Sew R ., Va.
Sa u"e1 el al .1915-
(uoncroUerl 26 .'Lab St.uIkt'ct .l 19 1,.
Aduh "29 "Lab CbcJry ct aL 1975
C.r.....,_ alll,....11 21 .1 Lab f ry 19041
(&OId""'1 Sma ll "'"Lab it O)'and Job3mcn .910
Adull ('0\1 24 .2 Lab Rcu tler .nd HC'f'dmdorf 1914
Aduh (S p)2'.)lob Reulter . MI HC'f'dmdorf 1914
Adult ISu )21.0 Lab acunu.!'WI flerdcndorf 1914
Ad ull (f )2•.0 Lab Rcu tler a!'WI Her dcftdlxf 1914
Med ium 21 .9 Lab Rcynokb and Cowen 19n
C.f/'l1iIIrJ r .,;o ......,..,16 W.ba'"R .,Ind.Gammon 1973
(ri\'ef ca rpwcker)
T ill p aper ...u mm ar isv...iutormation o n tempera -
um e lec ted h y ti,hL'" in lah or"l of )"and field
...illl;lIi"'h .II-.primary p urpose i ...10 pft w idc t ab -
ul ar ,101101 on t hree "endpoints' o f te mperature
..clccnon Ihal hOI \\"been fo und u sefu l (o r ,cu in g
Il·mp.:r.alllfl·'Ia ndard ..Ior "Oller t'kxliL'"a nd (or
ll"...c r i h i n ~and predic tin g t he be havio r o f fi' hC\
ncar po wer ..tauon h"'a l""ll Ll i...ch arl;"'"(Table I ),
Tbccc cnJp.,inl-.arc the fina l prcfcr endum :IO Ll
the upper a nd lower a voidance te mper a tures .A
...i!o!ni lkanl a muu n l of a Ll dil iona l d ata ha s bee n
pllhli ..hcd ,inc,,·C ou tant (197S»sum mar i zed rc-
rt,rl-.t hrough 197 3.
De...p uc ditlc rcnt ,'udy llh;.."C1 in....a nd m e l hotJ,
am"n!!the r,,",e a rch report ..s ummarized in T able
I .a pa ucru o(te rnperaurrc pr efe r ence a ppears in
t he r c...ulh fo r m an)'species.S pecies 1Iop"'cificil)"i'
c lca rtv d emon ...tr atcd wi t h r,,·;J ..o nablc co n..i"'l'n ,,\-
a mon~laht1r aln r y a nd field re...ulh.F o r \Om ~
spec ie I he l ahula r ""llm m a r y c laritle,the need
fo r re earch directed toward resolv ine co m radic-
l ion ...O i,en:pancic.... a mong rccul tv indicah:where
caution ...hould be uwd i n a pplyin p:Ih,,""oC da l3 in
im pact a""C"'o,rnenh .So me l ahu laled valnev rcpre-
sc ru rn )·ow n i mcrprcta n o n of t he au t hors'd ata .
whi ch may di tlcr (ro m t heirs,r -::":.Ii nly.the
o tiginal p a pcrv should be fu lly u ntJen:,k'llJ be fo re
t hese data a rc I~(or power pl ant impact
a n a l )'''~o r fo r o ther pu rposes.
Aduoo ....lIfc_...
Researc h .'a'SpoI'l,,",N b y lhe Energy Resea rch
a nd De velopment Admi n islralion und er conl rae l "ilh
1M U nion Car bide Corporalion .
"l kWI CI I \I .~741
1-'1111 I '(",.,11"",.'(1 J
hmr l c ',
,,~'....'',,,.1 I ....C"
'rn:on ....I=C ..........""C'J'f.,!IC'...nd um ......t.""..1 ......1..."Ih ......,....-C'
(',.,,........L.,.,r ",:,II W.N ,h R .•I ,..J ('..mm....,'I n
.....'11 ........'
Ad ..h .t l ..,..Rnoll n ......Itn<kn,)o ..-r ''' '-4
(..,...,._......,..,,_.II •\1..._hc:..J 1 .."'..(''''I'CT ..1Id I "lin I....~
......Il........_~n '
C .••_............zo e \\"'Cf"",n •;II ""'"I h k .....J ood ••I'MI
,.. h ....~lc.1 I II .)'\I ........hud I .•\I..,( ....'f'C'f ..t><I 1 ...IIc:,I....'."'lIe 1"'01 :1 ,1I...-e-I ....'l h R.......(·" k•.It•.,......nd 1....neT I ~
Ad "l let'::-4 I ••R.......er .nd lt n dr ",Ji..r 1'01 '4
(It......",II ........,.~.,,..C;.h..".-;.nd J..lilil ''0171
lIi..",-e-I'"h l
c...,.........,...,.-.1..I ..·IC '"10 L ~i rMi "J .O"t .FI )1"1 "
I"..:",I ...~"<"(1)"'''r .,S .Y .(..Ill,."I'I ~I
('••1..,.,............11 ."1 \h .......hc..:l L.•'\I e .(....'J'CT .....1 ...11n IOU "
lul.e .h.l cmhl S~lI I:.,,..t n 'u.....1.,,"
l ;au_17 ....,.lI h B.a).l.""R«h h"1'170
I .....It u,.....0 ..1..,,,.
I :"I m m 1:·16 ,..1I....'m.a ..1'1'",
11 ,11 m m 17 u .s ",..1I....llnu..''1'-4
:).1 mm ,.I".'I",,!II ,..1I....llnu"1" 74
C ."","l .,~I .•l.'h ;h'II<I "YoC'U,1%011
...kloll.."
C.I."u,I/'I ..,l .,.ile
I".".",)'hO d.I )~1 11·1".",..".nl e-l ..,.."1" '11
'100 d.)~)11 ·1:,..M.nt..lm;t"1"!'11
C.." ...M ••I"16 .'!\.On l...i..'tru m,1 ....1l"......1 'I~lI
111k.ll lc:d -e-ulrinl
C ."..,_,...La'lt 6 •L M ich ipn Welk 1961
C"'m)..:ulron'
C ,.._..,It .·.IooM J,••:'I ,'W h ....R .•~e ,.Ilc.al;'<>n.nd B....1c-)1" ' 1
I "hu e-R"cr ...Il.ht.ltl
(...,..,,..""....._..1_,...Adul")6 ,}~."-Jfo ~....It""!w...('·ilhf .K...",.I 'I ~M
I dC">cI"' f'1.lJ'fM1 '·ou ..,...Qu...>t>.a "'u .....A,".l .......nd 1I.:..l h I 'HN
(.,,..,.,..••01'/'1 "...,..".,..Yo..N,h 1I.••I(ld .(;.m.......I'l n-'h:"'rl la.p :'I .}-}I vo l.,,,..........\\l\.~..,111""
lol '.:11 2 ·)11 7-l.\I".........\\l\...,:'"1'171
'l'uu"l1 """L ••P,lI ..I ..1.I"'"
'·ou nll H .'}I .'I ,u L ...:">.:,11 rvn
y ....nJ ):.)"'"••b ".....,11 1"71
Ad ull (Spl ::n .-4 ,..Rru ll ..,..1><1 II crok l><l ",f 1"74
"d u l ll ~ul :'1 .7 ,..R cu ll C',a "d ll~<k..d..,f 1"74
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