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Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Document
ARLIS Uniform Cover Page
Title:
Style guide for licensing documents
SuWa 195
Author(s) – Personal:
Author(s) – Corporate:
Prepared by MWH Americas, Inc. and Long View Associates, Inc.
AEA-identified category, if specified:
AEA-identified series, if specified:
Series (ARLIS-assigned report number):
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project document number 195
Existing numbers on document:
Published by:
[Anchorage, Alaska : Alaska Energy Authority, 2012]
Date published:
December 2012
Published for:
Prepared for Alaska Energy Authority
Date or date range of report:
Volume and/or Part numbers:
Final or Draft status, as indicated:
Style guide version 5
Document type:
Pagination:
iii, 18, [32] p.
Related work(s):
Pages added/changed by ARLIS:
Notes:
All reports in the Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Document series include an ARLIS-
produced cover page and an ARLIS-assigned number for uniformity and citability. All reports
are posted online at http://www.arlis.org/resources/susitna-watana/
Style Guide Version 5
Style Guide for
Licensing Documents
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 14241)
Prepared for
Alaska Energy Authority
Prepared by
MWH Americas, Inc. & Long View Associates, Inc.
December 2012
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STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS MWH/LVA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Purpose and Use of this Style Guide ................................................................................ !
2. Project Information ........................................................................................................... 2
2.1. Project Description ............................................................................................ 2
2.1.1. Project History ................................................................................. 2
2.2. Names of Project Features ................................................................................. 2
2.3. Names of Geographic Features .......................................................................... 3
2.4. Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................ 4
2.4.1. Scientific and Research Terminology ............................................. .4
2.4.2. Agencies, Tribes, and Other Entities .............................................. .4
2.4.3. Acts, Policies, Plans, and Documents ............................................. .4
2.4.4. Engineering and Environmental Terms ........................................... 5
2.4.5. Use of English vs. Metric System .................................................... 5
2.5. Wording, Numeric, and Punctuation Conventions ............................................ 5
2.5.1. Wording ........................................................................................... 5
2.5.2. Punctuation ...................................................................................... 6
2.5.3. Numbering: Word vs. Numeral ...................................................... ?
2.5.4. Miscellaneous .................................................................................. 9
3. Document Style and Format ........................................................................................... 10
3 .1. Primary Document Components ...................................................................... 1 0
3.1.1. Title Page ....................................................................................... 10
3.1.2. Table ofContents ........................................................................... 10
3.1.3. Headings and Subheadings ............................................................ 10
3.1.4. MainBodyText ............................................................................. 11
3.1.5. BulletedLists ................................................................................. 11
3.1.6. Numbered Lists .............................................................................. 12
3.1.7. Title, Headers and Footers ............................................................. 12
3.1.8. References ...................................................................................... 12
3.2. Document Date and Filename Conventions .................................................... 15
3.3. Tables and Figures ........................................................................................... 16
3.3.1. Style/Format .................................................................................. 16
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3.3.2. Numbering Convention ................................................................. 17
3.3.3. Placement. ...................................................................................... 17
3.3.4. Graphic File Types ........................................................................ 17
3.4. Appendices ...................................................................................................... 18
APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Example Cover Page for Supplemental Licensing
Appendix 2. List of Acronyms and Scientific Labels
Appendix 3: Cheat Sheet for Common Terminology and Style Corrections
Appendix 4: RSP Light Editing Cheat Sheet
Appendix 5: Mainstem Habitat Classification Table
Appendix 6: List of RSP Study Titles and RSP Section Number Key
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List of Tables
Table 2.2-1. Susitna River Segment and Basin Capitalization ....................................................... 3
Table 2.5-1. Commonly Troublesome Plurals ................................................................................ 8
Table 3.1-1. Examples of in-line reference citations and reference list styles to be used for the
Susitna-Watana Project licensing documents (modified after Chicago Manual of Style, 15th
Edition, University of Chicago Press, 2003) ......................................................................... 14
Table 3.3-1. (Example, formatted figure caption.) ....................................................................... 16
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STYLE GUIDE FOR RELICENSING DOCUMENTS MWH/LVA
1. PURPOSE AND USE OF THIS STYLE GUIDE
This style guide is intended to provide a simple, straightforward reference for authors and
contributors to the Proposed and Revised Study plans, Initial and Updated Study reports, the
Draft and Final License Applications, and other documents that will be generated as part of the
licensing of the Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project, FERC No. 14241 (Project) licensing
process. The objectives of having this style guide are to maximize clarity of materials for
readers, avoid inconsistencies in substance and format, and streamline the document synthesis
and technical editing processes. This style guide therefore includes facts and other Project-
related information that will commonly be used in the licensing documents. It will also provide
guidance for authors on terminology and proper names, acronyms and abbreviations, certain
specific punctuation and wording conventions to be followed for editorial consistency, and
document format aspects such as section headings, headers/footers, document dating convention,
table styles, etc. Not included is any guidance related to basic grammar or stylistic aspects of
writing; useful references for that type of guidance include the Chicago Manual of Style (15th
ed., 2003) and The Elements of Style (3rd ed., 1979), by W. Strunk, Jr., and E.B. White.
Because this is a new project that is still in the early planning stages, it is expected that Project
information will be changing, so special consideration needs to be given to characterizing
facilities and operations. However, so some basic terminology and project facts are included
herein.
The guidance in this document is organized into three main sections, as follows:
• Purpose and Use of This Style Guide
• Project Information and Usage Conventions
Names of Project Features and related information
Names of Geographic Features
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Wording, Spelling, and Punctuation Conventions
• Document Style and Format
Primary Document Components
Document Date and Filename Conventions
Tables and Figures
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STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS MWH/LVA
2. PROJECT INFORMATION
2.1. Project Description
Because the proposed project is under development, a set description of the proposed project is
not provided in the style guide. Authors should refer to the most recent published FERC filings.
As of this writing (December, 20 12), Section 1 of the Revised Study Plan (RSP) contains up-to-
date descriptions of the Project, its location, maps, and key project features. Authors are
responsible for verifying that project descriptions used in their documents are up to date.
2.1.1. Project History
A Susitna Hydroelectric Project was formerly proposed by the Alaska Power Authority (now
AEA) in the early 1980s (FERC No. 7114). That Project (which should be referred to as the
"APA Project") was to be composed of two major dams (the Watana Dam and Devils Canyon
Dam) constructed in three stages, although it was never licensed or built. A draft Environmental
Impact Statement was prepared by FERC but development efforts were halted in 1986 because
of a significant reduction in oil prices leading to a drop in State revenue and discovery of large
quantities of low cost stranded gas in the Cook Inlet area. The currently proposed Susitna-
Watana Project dam is located at the same location as the APA Project's Watana Dam site,
although it is smaller and the project does not include a Devils Canyon development. The Project
would provide energy to the Railbelt region of Alaska. The Railbelt region is generally defined
as the service areas of six regulated public utilities, including: Anchorage Municipal Light &
Power (ML&P), Chugach Electric Association (Chugach), Golden Valley Electric Association
(GVEA), Homer Electric Association (HEA), Matanuska Electric Association (MEA), and the
City of Seward Electrical System (SES). The Railbelt region contains the majority of the State
population and economic activity.
2.2. Names of Project Features
Full names and alternate/abbreviated names (if any) of Project features as they should be used in
licensing documents are as follows (please note capitalization):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project (FERC No.14241 ), "Susitna-Watana Project" or
"the Project"
APA Project (e.g., the 1980s project; not, "Su-Hydro Project")
Watana Dam site, or "the Project dam site"
W atana Reservoir
WatanaCamp
Susitna-Watana Transmission Line
Susitna-Watana Road
Project area
Project vicinity
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STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS MWH/LVA
• Su sitna ri ver sys tem
• Su sitna River
Table 2.2-1. Susitna Ri ver Segment and Basin Capitalization.
Cor rect 1 Defini tion 2 Inc orr ect
Upper Sus itna River Segment Susitna River upper Sus itna River segment
Upper Susitna River , Upper River (AM 184-248 ) upper Sus itna River reach
(when referring to this defined segment) upper river
Middle Sus itna River Segment Sus itna River middle Susitna River segment
Middle Susitna River , Middle River (AM 98 -184 ) middle Susitna River reach
(when referring to this defined segment ) middle river
Lower Susitna River Segment Susitna River lower Sus itna River segment
Lower Susitna River , Lower River (RM 0-98 ) lower Susitna River reach
(when referr ing to th is def ined segment ) lower river
Upper Susitna River Basin uppe r Susitna River bas in
Upper Basin uppe r basin
Middle Susitna River Basin middle Susitna River basin
Midd le Bas in middle bas in
Lower Susitna River Basin lower Susitna River basin
Lower Basin lower basin
Susitna River Bas in Susitna River bas in
• Devil s Canyon (not Devil 's or Devil)
• Three Rivers Confluence (not 3 rivers, 3 Ri vers confluence , Talkeetna confluence with
Chulitna River)
•
•
Geomorphic Reach MR-1 (as example-not Geomorphic Reach MRl , MR2 , etc )
Focu s Area (not focus area)
• Proposed Focu s Area (not candidate Focus Area) .
KIRBY-ADD PROJECT FEATURES with Wayne's inQut?
2 .3. Names of Geographic Features
Guidelines regarding the use of name s of geographic features to be followed in all licen sing
documents are listed below . This list may be supplemented in future updates of thi s style guide
to provide additional specific name s or clarifications , as needed.
• In general , use only the official geographic name s shown on USGS map s.
• Capitalize the entire official name for a feature as shown on USGS map s .
1 Refer to Appendix 5 of this Style Guide for mainstem habitat classification guidance (and "reach " versus "segment")
2 The 1980 APA Project studies defined these portions of the river differently than the current Project.
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STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS MWH/LVA
•
•
•
•
Do not capitalize any additional descriptive words that are not part of the official name .
Similarly, geographic units that are not specifically labeled on USGS maps should not be
capitalized.
When referring to a "subbasin" or "subwatershed" that is not an official designation, it
should be used only in the context of discussing the larger drainage area; otherwise,
eliminate the "sub" prefix.
In general, always use the full, official name for geographic features. In situations where
this may become cumbersome, a shorthand form of the name may be used. In such cases,
the first use of the shorthand form should be given in parentheses following the full,
official name.
When grouping the names of multiple features of a similar type in a sentence, do not
capitalize the plural words (again, unless it is shown under a combined name on the
USGS map). By way of illustration, the following would all be correct:
upper Susitna and McLaren rivers
Chulitna and Susitna rivers
Watana and Devils canyons
Watana Canyon and Devils Canyon
2.4. Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and abbreviations will typically be used throughout almost any licensing document.
The convention to be followed for use of acronyms and abbreviations is that the first use of the
acronym/abbreviation should be given in parentheses following the first use of the term being
abbreviated, e.g., Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G). Subsequent uses should all
be the acronym/abbreviation, e.g., ADF&G. Various terms and their corresponding acronyms or
abbreviations that are acceptable for use in the licensing documents are provided in the following
lists. Also noted are some terms that should not be abbreviated.
2.4.1. Scientific and Research Terminology
(see Appendix 2, List of Acronyms and Scientific Labels)
2.4.2. Agencies, Tribes, and Other Entities
(see Appendix 2, List of Acronyms and Scientific Labels)
2.4.3. Acts, Policies, Plans, and Documents
(see Appendix 2, List of Acronyms and Scientific Labels)
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2.4.4. Engineering and Environmental Terms
(see Appendix 2, List of Acronyms and Scientific Labels)
2.4.5. Use of English vs. Metric System
English system measurements will be used as the default throughout the licensing documents.
Any data or information cited in English units does not need to be accompanied by the metric
equivalent. For any field data collected in metric units, or data from other sources reported in
metric, the data may be cited in the licensing document as metric, followed by the English
equivalent in parentheses. Thus, the following examples are all correct for the purposes of the
licensing documents:
• 25 feet
• 25°C (77°F)
• 80 miles
• 6 Rkm (3.7 RM)
2.5. Wording, Numeric, and Punctuation Conventions
In general, other than standard correct usage, there are no particular wording, spelling, or
punctuation conventions that need to be followed in the licensing documents. However, there
are a few common types of uses for which specific conventions are requested to help limit the
amount of time required for consistency-related technical editing of these documents. These are
as follows:
2.5.1. Wording
Affect vs. effect. As a verb, "affect" means "to change or influence." "Effect" means "bring
about." Before you use "affect," try to find a more specific word, such as "negatively affect,"
"delay," "reduce," "enhance," "improve," "speed up," etc. Rarely is there a need to use "effect"
as a verb. "Effect" is most commonly used as a noun (" ... to have an effect"). Again, it is better
to specify the effect rather than use this general word.
Comparisons. "More," "greater," "less," and "fewer" imply a comparison with another item; a
sentence that includes any of these words should also include "than" and the item to which the
comparison is being made. Note: many -er words are comparison words and require "than."
"e.g.," means "for example" or "such as"; "i.e.," means "that is" or "in other words." Follow
each with a comma.
Majority vs. most/few vs.less. Use "a majority" only for items that can be counted (votes,
buildings, Europeans, days); use "most" for items considered as an aggregate (sand,
groundwater, time [without units]). Similarly, use "few" and "fewer" for countable items, and
"less" and "lesser" for those not counted (e.g., less water, fewer bears).
Capitalization. Capitalize federal or state only when used as part of an official agency name or
in government documents where these terms represent an official name. If they are being used
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as general terms, use lowercase letters. Capitalize the formal name of a government entity such
as the Municipality of Anchorage or the entity's shortened form ("the Municipality") when the
word is standing in for the formal name. A void capitalizing "city" or "municipal" when used as
an adjective (e.g. municipal permits, city leaders).
Passive language. Activities don't just happen-people do things. For example, "A review was
performed" doesn't tell the reader who performed the review, so the reader has nowhere to go if
he/she has questions. In other words, your report is giving the reader less information than
he/she may need and no way to get the information. However, "the team performed a review"
points the reader in the right direction for further information.
"Sexist" words and pronouns: Try to avoid using gender-specific terms and pronouns where
not needed. For example:
• Use "angler" instead of "fisherman."
• Use "artificial" instead of "manmade."
Recast sentences to avoid using gender-specific pronouns (better than using combined
pronouns such as "he/she"), for example, by changing the subject from singular to plural or
changing the verb from active to passive:
Change "The traveler should always double-check to make sure he has packed the
essentials," to "Travelers should always double-check to make sure they have packed the
essentials."
Change "A college professor typically receives tenure after he/she completes an initial 'trial'
period," to "A college professor typically receives tenure after completing an initial 'trial'
period."
Pronoun agreement for organizations: An agency, organization, or similar entity is an "it" not
a "they" (e.g., "The USFS has indicated it is in favor of the proposed measure.")
2.5.2. Punctuation
• Commas, periods, semicolons, etc. reside within quotations.
• Use a comma before the and in a series: " ... this, that, and the other."
• Use a semicolon in a list if part of the list has "and" in it: "ham; peanut butter and jelly;
and cheese sandwiches." Use colons and dashes sparingly, if at all.
2.5.2.1. Use of Hyphens and Dashes:
An "en dash" ( -/shortcut: ctrl + -) is used to denote ranges . Examples include:
• 2009-2011
• 8-3.2 feet in height
An "em dash" ( -/shortcut: ctrl + alt +-) is used to set off a phrase within a sentence for
emphasis. If no emphasis is needed, commas or parentheses are usually more appropriate. For
example: "Activities just don't happen-people do things."
Multiple-word unit modifiers:
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Multiple-word unit modifiers should be hyphenated if it helps to clarify the meaning or to
improve readability; for example:
• a 5-to 10-m-thick layer of gravel
• three-hole punch
• non-gold-bearing rock
• civil-service employee
• blue-green-stained surface
There is a no need to hyphenate a multiple-word unit modifier if it does not aid readability or if
the meaning is clear without the hyphenation (e.g., when the modifiers commonly go together).
Examples include:
• Alaska state residents
• high school student
• Fourth of July parade
• rainbow trout habitat
• almost full reservoir
Multiple-word unit modifiers should not be hyphenated when one of the modifiers is an adverb
ending in "ly":
• poorly sorted gravel
• finely tuned operation
• gravely serious condition
Parallel construction. In a list of items separated by commas or in bullet form, ensure that each
item in the list is constructed in the same way (e.g., in the same tense).
For the Project:
• AEA will produce a schedule. ../
• The subconsultant will develop reports. ../
• The subconsultant will write weekly progress reports. ../
• Submittal of change orders occurs when necessary. x
The first three bullets follow the form "X will do Y" and are therefore parallel; the fourth
changes from active to passive voice (who does the submitting, anyway?), and from future to
present tense-no-no's all around.
2.5.3. Numbering: Word vs. Numeral
2.5.3.1. Numbers:
• Always use numerals for quantities and measurements, according to the following
conventions:
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Age, measurement, money, percentage, proportion, time, etc., are expressed in figures
(e.g., 4 feet, 20 pounds, 8 days [i.e., a single time lapse], 4 weeks, 11:00 P.M.).
Exceptions are for millennia, centuries or decades (e.g., "five decades").
Another exception is where the reference is to multiple increments of time (e.g.,
"three consecutive weeks;" "she attends meetings three days each week").
• Spell out numbers one through nine in text, except for quantities and measurements. Use
numerals for numbers 10 and up.
• Generally, use numerals for all numbers in tables.
• Use commas in numerals greater than 999 (1,000 and up).
• If a number is the first word of a sentence, spell it out; if it is a large number (thousands
or millions), avoid placing it as the first word of a sentence. For numbers in the millions
and higher, use the word "million" or "billion" in place of many zeroes (e.g., 23 million).
• It is acceptable to use a dollar sign ($) ahead of numbers denoting currency instead of
spelling out "dollars." If you choose to spell out "dollars", do so consistently within your
document.
2.5.3.2. Plurals:
• The word criteria is plural; the singular form is criterion. Data, media, and strata are
plural for datum, medium, and stratum. Memoranda and phenomena are the plurals of
memorandum and phenomenon. Use the plural verb form with these words, e.g., "The
criteria are long and complex"; "The data are poor"; "The media are ... "; "The strata
are ... "
• Agenda, however, has become singular. Use "The agenda is coming to you via email."
Use appendices, indices, and matrices as the plurals of appendix, index, and matrix. Use
radii and termini as plurals for radius and terminus.
Table 2.5-1. Commonly Troublesome Plurals.
Singular Plural
Criterion Criteria
Datum Data
Medium Media
Stratum Strata
Memorandum Memoranda
Phenomenon Phenomena
Agenda Agendas
• Make numbers (dates) and abbreviations plural without use of apostrophes: "1920s" and
"VOCs" not "1920's" and "VOC's."
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• A company or city is singular-an "it," not "they": "The company's slogan is that it is
the consultant of choice," not "The company's slogan is that they are the company of
choice."
• For individual items or units, use words for numbers up to ten; then use numerals (e.g.,
"three houses"; 15 apartment buildings").
• Exception: Do not start a sentence with a numeral; substitute the word (e.g., "Forty-
seven homesteads were settled in this area by 1870.")
• Use the same format (word or symbol) for similar types of items within a given
paragraph (e.g., "The second sampling event yielded 3 sockeye salmon and 24 coho
salmon within the first stream reach.").
• Use of numerals in one sense does not preclude the use of words in another sense (and
vice-versa) within a sentence or paragraph. For example, "Biologists observed three
female bears and five pairs of nesting loons within 15 miles of the Project."
• For ordinal numbers, use the word version for first through tenth. After that, use the
numeric version (e.g., 11th, 22nd, etc.).
2.5.3.3. Verb Agreement for Quantities
Refer to a given quantity of anything in the singular, regardless of the unit of measure. In other
words, a large volume of water expressed in gallons is not typically used in the sense of a
collection of discrete 1-gallon volumes of water.
The following examples show correct verb agreement:
• "Of the total area of cultivated farmland, 45 acres is planted with corn."
• "Approximately 2,000 gallons was unaccounted for; the missing water was presumed to
have leaked from a fracture in the pipeline."
• "Several parcels totaling 35 acres were sold to the same buyer."
2.5.3.4. Phone numbers
Standard style for telephone numbers is (NNN) NNN-NNNN.
2.5.4. Miscellaneous
Stream gage. For this specific use, follow USGS convention and spell this term as stream
"gage." Use the more generic spelling "gauge" in all other uses (e.g., "gauge the distance" or
"gauge the level of effort").
Percent vs. %. Use the word rather than the symbol in the main body of the documents. In
tables and figures, it is fine to use the symbol.
Temperature. Do not put any spaces between the value, the symbol, and the scale (e.g., 4°C,
55°F).
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Time of day. Use lower case with a period after each letter; i.e., a.m. and p.m. Ideally, use
"small caps" font so that it appears as A.M. and P.M., but this font change can also be left to the
technical editing/formatting phase.
Date ranges. If using a dash, write out the full date at the beginning and end of the range; for
example, the time period of 1998 through 1999 should be 1998-1999 (not 1998-99 or 98-99).
(see RSP Section X.X). When referring to other sections of the RSP. For example, text within
the instream flow RSP would refer to Ice Processes as (Section 7.6).
(see Section X.X.X.X). When referring to subsections within the Instream Flow Study. For
example, text within the instream flow RSP would refer to instream flow study methods as
(Section 8.5.4.).
Refer to the Common Terminology and Style Corrections Table in Appendix 3 (RSP Light
Editing Cheat Sheet) for additional common terminology and style issues.
3. DOCUMENT STYLE AND FORMAT
This section provides specific instructions and templates for formatting Susitna-Watana Project
licensing documents.
3.1. Primary Document Components
The components and formatting of the licensing documents are briefly outlined below.
3.1.1. Title Page
Document title. Use the format shown on the template.
Authorship. (Note that AEA will be identified as the author of the PSP, and other primary
licensing documents). Study reports and similar documents will be shown as authored by study
researcher( s).
Date. Should be current for each new version circulated.
3.1.2. Table of Contents
• Table of contents of main document, shown to Level 3 of headings/subheadings.
• Lists of appendices, tables, and figures.
• Times 12 pt, 6pt space after.
Note: Unformatted drafts do not need to include a table of contents; this can be generated during
the technical editing/formatting phase.
3.1.3. Headings and Subheadings
• Use title-style capitalization (see headings in this document, for example).
• Outline format, font, and paragraph style:
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STYLE GUIDE FOR LiCENSING DOCUMENTS
1. LEVEL 1 HEADING (ARIAL, 14 PT, ALL CAPS, 0.5-INCH
INDENT/HANGING)
MWH/LVA
1.1. Level 2 Heading (Arial Bold, 14 pt, 0.6-inch hanging indent/tab)
1.1.1. Level3 Heading (Arial Bold, 12 pt, 0.7-inch indent/hanging)
1.1.1.1. Leve/4 Heading (Aria/Italic, 12 pt, 0.8 inch hanging indent/tab)
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. LevelS Heading (Aria/Italic, 11 pt, 0. 9-inch hanging indent/tab)
1.1.1.1.1.1. Level 6 Heading (Times New Roman Bold, 12 pt, l-inch hanging indentffab)
1.1.1.1.1.1.1. Level 7 Heading (Times New Roman Bold Italic, 12 pt, 1.1-inch
indent/hanging)
• All headings are preceded by a "Normal" style carriage return.
• All headings are followed by a 12pt line width space.
3.1.4. Main Body Text
Note: Authors do not need to use the font or paragraph styles shown in the accompanying
template, but the outline numbering as shown above and in the template should be followed,
even on simple, unformatted drafts.
• Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt.
• Left justify, no indent on first line.
• A full hard return between paragraphs.
Note: For document consistency, double-spacing between sentences is preferred (but not critical;
i.e., do not bother if it would require unlearning your typing habits).
3.1.5. Bulleted Lists
• Bullet styles as shown in this document and on template.
• Punctuation:
Simple lists do not require a period, comma, or semicolon at end of individual items.
• The third level bullet character is a small dot
• Like this
Punctuate bulleted items that are full sentences (use period at end).
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3.1.6. Numbered Lists
• Use numbered lists when order or numbering of items is meaningful.
• Otherwise, use bullets.
3.1.7. Title, Headers and Footers
• Full name of document, centered, goes at beginning of first page of study plan, report, or
similar document. (Omitted on larger documents such as license application.)
• Name of document goes in header, at left (except on first page, if title is shown (e.g., for
study plan)).
• Project name/number, licensee, and document date (Month Year) go in footer.
Document date for internal drafts should read "AEA Review Draft: [date]"
Document date for final version should read "[Month][Year]"
Titles. Put titles for books, periodicals, reports, and technical journals in italics; don't
underscore them. Put titles of articles, book chapters, and professional papers in quotation
marks. When referring to a part of a document, simply use initial capitals (as in headings). If
this is not sufficient identification, add "Subsection 3.5," or "Appendix D," before the title to
clarify the reference.
3.1.8. References
Citations. Include in-line reference citations in text wherever appropriate. In-line citations are
set off in parentheses, with no commas between author(s) and date: " ... text text text (HDR
Alaska, Inc. 2007)." (See other examples shown below in Table 3.1-1.)
List of references. In the References section of the document, the standard citation is author-
date-title-publisher-city.
•
•
•
Only include references that are cited in the document.
For multiple listings by same author(s), organize chronologically .
Where an agency/organization is identified as the author, the first listing in the references
should be spelled out in full, followed by the appropriate acronym/abbreviation in
parentheses. Subsequent listings should then just use the acronym/abbreviation.
The format to be used is shown in Table 3.1-1 and in the accompanying template.
The specified format is borrowed/modified from the Chicago Manual of Style (15th
Edition) author-date system format, with slight simplifications for some types of
citations. Note capitalization and italicization conventions.
For the authors' names, use full first names or just the initials, according to how the
names are shown on the source document.
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An exception to the standard format is when documents on the Internet, are cited as follows:
Strunk Jr., William, and E.B. White. 1979. The Elements of Style. MacMillian Publishing Co.,
New York.
Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. March 2006. "East Dowling Road
Extension and Reconstruction Project: Scoping and Public Involvement Plan." Published
on-line at www.eastdowling.com/reports.htm. Accessed 1116/07.
Note: Word will automatically tum any Web address into a hyperlink, which means blue text
and underlining that does not translate well in a printed document. To remove the hyperlink,
highlight the hyperlink, right click, and select "remove hyperlink."
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Table 3.1-1. Examples of in-line reference citations and reference list styles to be used for the Susitna-Watana Project
licensing documents (modified after Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition, University of Chicago Press, 2003).
In-Line Citation Reference List Format
Books with one author
(Doniger 1999) Doniger, Wendy. 1999 . Splitting the difference. University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
Book with two authors
(Cowlishaw and Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. 2000. Primate conservation biology. University of Chicago
Dunbar 2000) Press . Chicago.
Book with more than three authors
(Laumann et al. Laumann , Edward 0., John H. Gagnon , Robert T. Michael , and Stuart Michaels. 1994. The social
1994) organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States . University of Chicago Press .
Chicago .
Editor, translator, or compiler
(Lattimore 1951) Lattimore , Richmond , trans. 1951 . The Iliad of Homer. University of Chicago Press . Chicago.
Chapter or other part of a book
(Twaddell 1957) Twaddell , W. Freeman. 1957. A note on Old High German umlaut. In Readings in linguistics 1: The
development of descriptive linguistics in America , 1925-1956. 4th ed . Edited by Martin Joos.
University of Chicago Press. Chicago . pp 85-87 .
Chapter of an edited volume originally published elsewhere (common for primary sources)
(Cicero 1986) Cicero , Quintus Tullius. 1986. Handbook on canvassing for the consulship. In Rome: Late republic
and principate , edited by Walter Emil Kaegi Jr . and Peter White. Vol. 2 of University of Chicago
readings in western civilization, edited by John Boyer and Julius Kirshner . University of Chicago
Press. Chicago . Originally published in Evelyn S. Shuckburgh , trans ., The letters of Cicero, vol.
1 (London: George Bell & Sons , 1908). p. 33 .
Preface, foreword, introduction, and similar parts of a book
(Rieger 1974) Rieger , James . 1974. Introduction to Frankenstein , or The modern Prometheus, by Mary
Wollstonecraft Shelley. University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
Book published in both printed and electronic forms
(Kurland and Lerner Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner , eds. 1987. The Founders' Constitution. Chicago: University of
1987) Chicago Press. Also available online at http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ and as a CD-
ROM .
Journal/ Manuscript article
(Smith 1998) Smith , John Maynard. 1998. The origin of altru ism. Nature 393: 639-40.
Article in an electronic journal
(Hiatky et al. 2002) Hlatky , Mark A., Derek Boothroyd , Eric Vittinghoff, Penny Sharp, and Mary A. Whooley. 2002 .
Quality-of-life and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women after receiving hormone
therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) trial.
Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 5 (February 6), http://jama.ama-
assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc1 01 08.html#aainfo .
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In-Line Citation Reference List Format
Theses and dissertations
(Amundin 1991) Amundin , M. 1991. Cl ick repetition rate patterns in communicative sounds from the harbour porpoise ,
Phocoena phocoena . Ph .D. diss ., Stockholm University.
Paper presented at a meeting or conference
(Doyle 2002) Doyle , Brian. 2002. Howling like dogs : Metaphorical language in Psalm 59. Paper presented at the
annual international meeting for the Soc iety of Biblical Literature , June 19-22 , 2002 , in Berlin ,
Germany .
Memorandum
(Smith 2005) Sm ith , Jane . 2003. Memorandum to Dan Foster (Superintendent , Wilcox State Park) regarding
explanation of proposed changes to work plan for completion of the Hayley Campground
addition . TerraNova Construct ion. Fort Worth , Texas. January 18 , 2003.
Government publication
(USFS 1989) USDA Forest Service (USFS). 1989 . Land and resource management plans : Ochoco National Forest
and Crooked River National Grassland. U.S. Department of Agriculture , Forest Service , Ochoco
National Forest. Prinev ille , Oregon .
Personal communications
In-line citation in text : (J . Doe , affiliation/title , personal communication , October 31 , 2002).
(No need to include personal communicat ions in list of references)
-----------------------
3.2. Document Date and Filename Conventions
The convention s that should be followed for dating documents and naming file s are a s follow s :
•
•
•
•
Provide the date of the current version on the cover page .
In the footer , note whether the document is a draft or final document (being more
de scriptive is fine; e.g., "ABA Review Draft "), and note the date of the document
versiOn .
For each version of a document issued, include in the filename the following, in order
(example filename: "pad-terrestrial-sec 1_2008-1 00 1-draft.doc"):
Document name or abbreviated de scription
word "draft" or "final," as appropriate
Date of th at version with the year fir st
U se only underscores and hyphen s to separate the section s. Do not u se capital s .
Be sure date s are updated for each new version (paper and filename ) .
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3.3. Tables and Figures
The basic format for tables and figures to be used in the licensing documents is outlined in this
section and shown in the accompanying template. Other considerations for authors are also
listed below.
3.3.1. Style/Format
3.3.1.1. Tables
• Tables are to be numbered unique to each second level section, thus the first table of a
particular section is X .X -1, and so on.
• Captions: Use Word's built-in caption style: Times New Roman Bold, 9 pt. font. Place
the caption above the table.
• Table entries: Arial Narrow, 10 pt.
• Column headings: Arial Narrow 10 pt. bold. Justify headings according to what looks
best (centered or left justified).
• Borders: all 0.5pt lines.
• Size and alignment: Tables should be 6.5 inches wide for portrait and 9.5 inches for
landscape (i.e., width of left/right margins when page is turned landscape). Landscape
orientation is fine if necessary to legibly display data. For tables wider than 4.5 inches,
center-align. For smaller tables, left-align.
Apply "Repeat as a header row at the top of each page" to the header row so that it
will appear at the top of the part of the table that appears on each page.
Add two blank paragraph spaces following tables.
• Footnotes may be added below a table as shown in Table 3 .3-1.
Table 3.3-1. (Example, formatted figure caption.)
Column Heading Column Heading Column Heading Column Heading
(Arial Narrow, Bold, (Arial Narrow, Bold, (Arial Narrow, Bold, (Arial Narrow, Bold,
centered, 10 pt font), centered, 1 0 pt font), centered, 10 pt font)1 centered, 10 pt font)1
Content (Arial Narrow, 1 0 pt Cell margins (Options): 0.03 Deselect "automatically
font) vertical, 0.06 horizontal resize to fit" (Options)
Notes:
1 Format notes referring to footnoted material in the table as shown here.
3.3.1.2. Figures
• Figures are to be numbered unique to each second level section, thus first figure of a
particular section is X.X-1, and so on. Standard legend block is shown below, to be
placed in lower right corner if possible.
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•
•
•
•
•
•
I
For labels, use bold Times New Roman , 9 pt. font.
Captions use Word 's built-in caption style: Times New Roman Bold, 9 pt. font. Place the
caption below the figure.
Make sure any color graphic used in a table/figure is visible if printed in black & white or
gray scale.
Other map legend boxes can be used to show thematic map color code indices, etc .
North Arrow and scale can be labeled in lower map, right side .
Add two blank paragraph spaces following figures
State of Alaska
Date Juty 2011
Sc:aJ. As Noled
Department of Commumty and Eoonomc Development
Susitna-Watana Hydroeledric Project
Geotechnical Investigation Work Plan
Site Plan
Figure 2
3.3.2. Numbering Convention
• Short documents: a simple sequence of 1 through n for tables and figures is fine .
• Longer documents: restart numbering after each Level 2 section heading
• Make sure the table/figure call-out in the text matches the appropriate table/figure.
• Captions may be provided separately, but make sure that full captions are provided for
each table/figure, and that it is clear which caption goes with which table/figure.
3.3.3. Placement
• For first draft submittals, provide each (numbered) figure and table at the back of the
document or in a separate file(s), for the purposes of initial technical/content editing.
Tables and figures will be placed during subsequent formatting and pagination.
• Placement of figures and tables in final document will be as shown in the template;
specifically :
Tables: Tables should fit between margins. For larger tables , the table may
extend slightly beyond the margins , if necessary. Tables may fit landscape under
special circumstances . Smaller tables will be left-justified.
Figures. Figures will be placed left-justified in the final document.
3.3.4. Graphic File Types
• Pro vide all figures as separate files with first draft.
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• Preferred file types:
-Jpeg
tiff
MWH/LVA.
anything imported into a Word document: wmf, emf, or png.
• Not preferred but acceptable:
pdf (not from scanned documents, though)
ai/eps
pict
Graphics generated in AutoCAD, Arc View, Arclnfo and similar programs (engineering
designs/drawings, plan views, schematics, etc.) are to be developed in accordance with the
Susitna-Watana Project GIS teamlet standards ....
3.4. Appendices
Appendices to licensing documents, where they are separate stand-alone documents, should be
preceded with a cover page as illustrated in the attached example (Appendix 1). Exceptions may
be made where the entirety of the appendix is in tabular form and the title can serve as
effectively as the table caption. Arial 14 pt style is used, using all capital letters for the
appendix title. The appendix number is followed by the title. Retain the header as provided for
in this style guide, and modify the footer as follows:
• The page number is omitted from the cover page of the appendix
• Page numbers on subsequent pages are restarted to Page 1, and preceded by "Appendix N-"
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APPENDIX 1. EXAMPLE COVER PAGE FOR SUPPLEMENTAL
LICENSING MATERIAL
Susitna-\\'atana Hydroelectric Project
Railbelt Large Hydro
4..\quatic Resources Data Gap 4..\nalysis
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P1 ~.>pal t>d fo1 :
ALASKA
ENER GY AUTHORITY
Alask..-1 E n~.>rgy .-\utholiry
813 W .'ionh~.>m Lights Bh ·d
.-\.ncho1 ag~.>. AK 99503 -6690
Pnpa1 t>d b~·:
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MWH /LVA
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APPENDIX 2. LIST OF ACRONYMS AND SCIENTIFIC LABELS
(THIS VERSION OF THE TABLE WAS INCLUDED WITH THE RSP (DEC. 2012), WITH A FEW ADDITIONAL CHANGES)
Abbreviation Definition
Jlg microgram
Jlg/L micrograms per liter
Jlg/m3 microgram per cubic meter
~L microliter(s)
14C Carbon 14
AAC Alaska Administrative Code
ac-ft acre-feet
ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
Active floodplain The flat valley floor constructed by a river during lateral channel migration and
deposition of sediment under current climate conditions.
ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
ADF&G Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Adfluvial Fish that spend a part of their life cycle in lakes and return to rivers and streams to
spawn.
ADNR Alaska Department of Natural Resources
ADOT&PF Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities
ADOTPFCR ADOT Central Region Planning
ADOTPFNR ADOT Northern Region Planning
AEA Alaska Energy Authority
AEIDC Arctic Environmental information and Data Center
AFB air force base
AFFI Alaska Freshwater Fish Inventory
The description of an organism that, in its natal year, has developed the anatomical
Age-0 juvenile and physical traits characteristically similar to the mature life stage, but without the
capability to reproduce.
AHMG Alaska Habitat Management Guides
AHRS Alaska Heritage Resources Survey
Ahtna Ahtna, Inc.
AKNHP Alaska Natural Heritage Program
Algae Single-celled organisms (as individual or cells grouped together in colonies) that
contain chlorophyll-a and are capable of the photosynthesis.
Alluvial Relating to, composed of, or found in alluvium.
AMP Airport Master Plan
Anadromous Fishes that migrate as juveniles from freshwater to saltwater and then return as
adults to spawn in freshwater.
Anchor ice Submerged ice attached or anchored to the bottom, irrespective of the nature of its
formation. Often accumulates as frazil slush in OQ_en reaches.
ANCSA Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
ANILCA Alaska National interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980
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Abbreviation Definition
Analysis of variance, a collection of statistical models, and their associated
ANOVA procedures, in which the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned
into components attributable to different sources of variation.
APA Alaska Power Authority
APA Project APA Susitna Hydroelectric Project
APE area of potential effect
APLICs Alaska Public Lands Information Centers
A geologic formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that contains
Aquifer sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to
springs and wells.
ARLIS Alaska Resources Library and Information Services
ARRC Alaska Railroad Corporation
AS Alaska Statutes
ASCP Alaska Shorebird Conservation Plan
ASFDB Alaska Subsistence Fisheries Database
ASG Alaska Shorebird Group
Investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medicine, pharmacology,
Assay environmental biology, and molecular biology for qualitatively assessing or
quantitatively measuring the presence or amount or the functional activity of a
target entity (the analyte).
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ATV all-terrain vehicle
AVC Alaska Vegetation Classification
The Anadromous Waters Catalog, a catalog and atlas maintained by the Alaska
AWC Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) of waters important for the spawning,
rearing or migration of anadromous fishes.
Off-channel habitat characterization feature found along channel margins and
Backwater generally within the influence of the active main channel with no independent
source of inflow. Water is not clear.
The sloping land bordering a stream channel that forms the usual boundaries of a
Bank channel. The bank has a steeper slope than the bottom of the channel and is
usually steeper than the land surrounding the channel.
Bankfull stage (flow) The discharge at which water completely fills a channel; the flow rate at which the
water surface is level with the floodplain.
Bankfull width The width of a river or stream channel between the highest banks on either side of
a stream.
Baseflow The portion of stream flow that comes from the sum of deep subsurface flow and
delayed shallow subsurface flow. It should not be confused with groundwater flow.
Baseline (or Environmental Baseline): the environmental conditions that are the
Baseline starting point for analyzing the impacts of a proposed licensing action (such as
approval of a license application) and any alternative.
BCC birds of conservation concern
BOPs Best development practices
Beacon (tag) A beacon is an intentionally conspicuous device, in this case a telemetry tag,
designed to attract attention to a specific location.
Beaver complex Off-channel habitat characterization feature consisting of a ponded water body
-----------------------------·· --
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Abbreviation Definition I
created by beaver dams.
Benthos (benthic) Defining a habitat or organism found on the streambed or pertaining to the
streambed (or bottom) of a water body.
BGEPA Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act
BIA DOl, Bureau of Indian Affairs
Biotelemetry The remote detection and measurement of a human or animal function, activity, or
condition Jas heart rate or body temperature)
BLM DOl, Bureau of Land Management
BLM-S BLM sensitive species
BLM-W BLM watch list species
BMC birds of management concern
BMI benthic macroinvertebrates
BMPs best management practices
BOD biochemical oxygen demand
BOF Alaska Board of Fisheries
Bonferroni's method A statistical method used to counteract the problem of multiple comparisons.
Border ice Ice sheet in the form of a long border attached to the bank or shore; shore ice.
Boulder Substrate particles greater than 12 inches in diameter. Larger than cobble.
BP before present
BPIFWG Boreal Partners in Flight Working Group
Stream consisting of multiple small, shallow channels that divide and recombine
Braided streams numerous times. Associated with glaciers, the braiding is caused by excess
sediment load.
Brash ice Accumulations of floating ice made up of fragments not more than about 2 meters
(6 feet) across; the wreckage of other forms of ice.
Break-up Disintegration of ice cover.
Break-up jam Ice jam that occurs as a result of the accumulation of broken ice pieces.
Break-up period Period of disintegration of an ice cover.
In the context of hydrologic modeling, calibration is the process of adjusting input
Calibration variables to minimize the error between predicted and observed water surface
elevations or other hydrologic parameters.
Capillary fringe The subsurface layer in which groundwater seeps up from a water table by capillary
action to fill soil pores.
Carbon isotope ratio The identification of isotopic signature, the distribution of certain stable isotopes and
chemical elements within chemical compounds.
The steepest of riffle habitats. Unlike rapids, which have an even gradient,
Cascade cascades consist of a series of small steps of alternating small waterfalls and
shallow pools.
CATC CIRI Alaska Tourism
Catch per unit effort The quantity of fish caught (in number or in weight) with one standard unit of fishing
effort.
Catchability coefficient (fishwheel) The relationship between the catch rate (CPUE) and the true population size, aka
effectiveness.
CCCMA Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis.
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Abbreviation Definition
CDP census-des ignated place
CEll Critical Energy Infrastructure Informat ion
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
cfs cub ic feet per second
Channe l A natural or art ific ial wate rcourse that cont inuous ly or intermittently contains water ,
with definite bed and banks that confine all but overbank stream flows.
rJ. 4. ././. /. /. /. Chug~ 3. 4. .1../J. /. 2. Chugach Electric Associa.!iQn
CIBW Cook Inlet Beluga Whales
CIA I Cook Inlet Region , Inc .
Cirques A bow l-shaped depression on the side of a mountain at the head of a glac ier .
em centimeter
CNIPM Alaska Comm ittee for Noxious and Invas ive Plants Managemen t
Cobble Substrate particles between 3 and 12 inches in diameter . Larger than gravel and
smaller than boulder .
A term related to the whole process of catch ing and marketing fish and shellfish for
Commercial fishery sale . It refers to and includes fisheries resources , fishermen , and related
businesses .
Conductiv ity In terms of water conductivity , the abil ity of water to conduct electricity , normally
through the presence of dissolved sol ids that carry elec trica l charges .
Confluence The junction of two or more rivers or streams.
Consecut ive dry days Number of days in a row without precipitation .
Consecutive wet days Number of days in a row with precipitat ion .
COY cubs of the year
CPOM course particulate organic matter , particle size larger than 1 mm in size
CPUE Catch per unit effort. See definition for "catch per un it effort ."
Cross-sect ion A plane across a river or stream channel perpendicular to the direction of water
flow .
CAREL U.S . Army Cold Reg ions Research and Engineer ing Laboratory , Hanover , New
Hampsh ire .
CSIS ADF&G Community Subsistence Information System
Datum A geometric plane of known or arbitrary elevation used as a point of reference to
determ ine the elevation , or change of elevat ion , of another plane (see gage datum ).
DBSD Denali Borough School District
DCC ED Alaska Department of Commerce , Community , and Econom ic Development
A step-wise process for evaluating potential barr iers in the field . Quantitative
Dec ision tree barr ier analysis metr ics are used at each step in the dec ision tree to ident ify the impassab il ity of the
potential barr ier .
Degree-day Also termed freezing degree-day , a measure of the departure of the mean da ily
temperature be low a given standard , usually ooc (32 °F).
Delta A low , nearly flat accumulation of sediment depos ited at the mouth of a river or
stream , commonly triangular or fan-shaped
DEM Dig ital elevation model.
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Abbreviation Definition
Denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the tertiary
Denaturation structure and secondary structure which is present in their native state, by
application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid or base, a
concentrated inorganic salt, an organic solvent, or heat.
Depth Water depth at the measuring point (station).
Located at approximately Susitna River Mile (AM) 150-161, Devils Canyon contains
Devils Canyon four sets of turbulent rapids rated collectively as Class VI. This feature is a partial
fish barrier because of high water velocity.
DHSS Alaska Department of Health and Social Services
Dual Frequency Identification Sonar. Sonar imaging instrumentation developed by
DIDSON Sound Metrics Corp. with applications for fish enumeration, behavior and habitat
mapping.
Direct solar radiation Sunlight not blocked by clouds.
Discharge The rate of stream flow or the volume of water flowing at a location within a
specified time interval.
Discontinuous permafrost Permafrost that is laterally discontinuous, or isolated by thawed soils or bedrock.
Distribution (species) The manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged.
Diurnal Any pattern that reoccurs daily.
DNA A nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the development and
functioning of all known living organisms.
DO dissolved oxygen. The amount of gaseous oxygen (02) dissolved in the water
column.
DOl U.S. Department of the Interior
Downwelling The downward movement of water from rivers, streams, sloughs and other surface
water features into soils and bedrock.
Doyon Doyon, Ltd.
DPOR ADNR Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation
Drainage area The total land area draining to any point in a stream. Also called catchment area,
watershed, and basin.
DSM Demand Side Management
Duration of ice cover The time from freeze-up to break-up of an ice cover.
EARMP East Alaska Resource Management Plan
ECHAM5 A global climate model developed by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology.
Edge habitat The boundary between natural habitats, in this case between land and a stream.
Level five tier of the habitat classification system.
EE energy efficiency
Effectiveness (fishwheel) aka catachability coefficient, the relationship between the catch rate (CPUE) and
the true population size
EFH essential fish habitat
ElM Environmental Information Management
EIS environmental impact statement
El. elevation
Electrofishing A biological collection method that uses electric current to facilitate capturing fishes.
Emergence The process of becoming visible after being concealed, the escape of an organism
from an egg.
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Abbreviation Definition
EMS emergency medical services
Entrainment The unintended diversion of fish into an unsafe passage route.
EO Executive Order
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EROS Earth Resources Observation System.
ESA Endangered Species Act
Escapement (spawning) The number or proportion of fish surviving (escaping from) a given fishery at the
end of the fishing season and reaching the spawning grounds.
et al. "et alia"; and the rest
Evapotranspiration The sum of evaporation and plant transpiration to the atmosphere.
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FBOM fine benthic organic matter
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FHA USDOT Federal Highway Administration
Firn Granular, partially consolidated snow that has passed through one summer melt
season but is not yet glacial ice.
Fish barrier Barriers to fish migration
Fishers exact test A statistical significance test used in the analysis of contingency tables. Although in
practice it is employed when sample sizes are small, it is valid for all sample sizes.
Fishery Generally, a fishery is an activity leading to harvesting of fish. It may involve capture 1
of wild fish or raising of fish through aquaculture.
Any activity, other than scientific research conducted by a scientific research
Fishing vessel, that involves the catching, taking, or harvesting of fish; or any attempt to do
so; or any activity that can reasonably be expected to result in the catching, taking,
or harvesting of fish, and any operations in support of it.
The equipment used for fishing (e.g. gillnet, hand line, harpoon, haul seine, long
Fishing gear line, bottom and midwater trawls, purse seine, rod-and-reel, pots and traps). Each
of these gears can have multiple configurations.
A device for catching fish which operates much as a water-powered mill wheel. A
wheel complete with baskets and paddles is attached to a floating dock. The wheel
Fishwheel rotates due to the current of the stream it is placed into. The baskets on the wheel
capture fish traveling upstream. The fish caught in the baskets fall into a holding
tank.
FUR Forward looking infrared, an imaging technology that senses infrared radiation.
Can be used for watershed temperature monitorinq.
Flood Any flow that exceeds the bankfull capacity of a stream or channel and flows out on
the floodplain.
1. The area along waterways that is subject to periodic inundation by out-of-bank
flows. 2. The area adjoining a water body that becomes inundated during periods of
over-bank flooding and that is given rigorous legal definition in regulatory programs.
Floodplain 3. Land beyond a stream channel that forms the perimeter for the maximum
probability flood. 4. A relatively flat strip of land bordering a stream that is formed by
sediment deposition. 5. A deposit of alluvium that covers a valley flat from lateral
erosion of meandering streams and rivers.
Floodplain vegetation -groundwater I Assemblages of plants that have established and developed under similar
surface water regime functional groups groundwater and surface water hydrologic regimes.
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Abbreviation Definition
Fluvial Of or pertaining to the processes associated with rivers and streams and the
deposits and landforms created by them.
FMP Fishery Management Plan
Focus Area Areas selected for intensive investigation by multiple disciplines as part of the AEA
study program.
Fork length A measurement used frequently for fish length when the tail has a fork shape.
Projected straight distance between the tip of the snout and the fork of the tail.
FPOM fine benthic organic matter
fps feet per second
FA Federal Register
Frazil Fine spicules, plates, or discoids of ice suspended in water. In rivers and lakes it is
formed in supercooled, turbulent waters.
Frazil pan A circular agglomerate of loosely packed frazil that floats.
FRP Fish Resource Permit
Freeze-up jam Ice jam formed as frazil ice accumulates and thickens during the freeze-up period.
Freeze-up period Period of initial formation of an ice cover.
Fry A recently hatched fish. Sometimes defined as a young juvenile salmonid with
absorbed egg sac, less than 60 mm in length.
FS featured species
ft feet
ft MSL feet mean sea level
FY fiscal year
Fyke net Hoop nets are tubular shaped nets with a series of hoops or rings spaced along the 1
length of the net to keep it open. ·
g gram
Gaging station A specific site on a stream where systematic observations of stream flow or other
hydrologic data are obtained.
A population genetics software package originally developed by Michel Raymond
Genepop and Francois Rousset, at the Laboratiore de Genetique et Environment,
Montpellier, France.
Genetic markers A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used
to identify individuals or species.
Genetic tree A diagram showing the lineage or genealogy of an individual and all the direct
ancestors, usually to analyze or follow the inheritance of trait.
The genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual (i.e. the specific allele
Genotype makeup of the individual) usually with reference to a specific character under
consideration.[
Geohydrologic unit An aquifer, a confining unit, or a combination of aquifers and confining units
comprising a framework for a reasonably distinct geohydrologic system.
Geohydrology The study of water in the Earth's surface, commonly called groundwater.
Geomorphic mapping A map design technique that defines, delimits and locates landforms.
Geomorphic reach Level two tier of the habitat classification system. Separates major hydraulic
segments into unique reaches based on the channel's geomorphic characteristic.
Geomorphology The scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them.
Gillnet With this type of gear, the fish are gilled, entangled or enmeshed in the netting.
These nets may be used to fish on the surface, in midwater or on the bottom.
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Abbreviation Definition
Geographic Information System. An integrated collection of computer software and
GIS data used to view and manage information about geographic places, analyze
spatial relationships, and model spatial processes.
Glacial mass wasting When large amounts of glacial ice rapidly disintegrate and melt.
Relatively rapid movement of a glacier down-gradient. Frequently accompanied by
Glacial surge increased flow of meltwater and additional sediment production. These events
typically have a sudden onset, extremely high (tens of meters/day) maximum flow
rate, and a sudden termination, often with a discharge of stored water.
Glacier geometry changes Changes in the size or shape of a glacier over time.
Glacier mass balance The difference between accumulation and ablation of a glacier.
Glacier outburst A sudden release of water from a glacier.
Glacier retreat The upslope migration of the terminus of a glacier.
Glide An area with generally uniform depth and flow with no surface turbulence. Low
gradient; 0-1 %slope.
GMP General Management Plan
GMU Game Management Unit
GPS global positioning system. A system of radio-emitting and -receiving satellites used
for determining positions on the earth.
Gradient The rate of change of any characteristic, expressed per unit of length (see Slope).
May also apply to longitudinal succession of biological communities.
Gravel Substrate particles between 0.1 and 3.0 inches in size, larger than sand and
smaller than cobble.
Grounded ice Ice that has run aground or is in contact with the ground underneath it.
Groundwater (GW) In the broadest sense, all subsurface water; more commonly that part of the
subsurface water in the saturated zone.
Growth rate Annual or seasonal. The increase in weight of a fish per year (or season), divided
by the initial weight.
Growth Rate Potential The amount of growth predicted for fish with known prey availability and
environmental conditions.
GU globally unrankable
GVEA Golden Valley Electric Association
GW/SW interactions The physical interactions between groundwater and surface water.
GWh gigawatt~hours
The environment in which the fish live, including everything that surrounds and
Habitat affects its life, e.g. water quality, bottom, vegetation, associated species (including
food supplies). The locality, site and particular type of local environment occupied
by an organism.
A graph/mathematical equation describing the suitability for use of areas within a
Habitat Suitability Criteria stream channel related to water depth, velocity and substrate by various species/life
stages of fish.
Habitat Suitability Index A suitability index providing a probability that the habitat is suitable for the species,
and hence a probability that the species will occur where that habitat occurs.
Habitat Suitability Modeling A tool for predicting the quality or suitability of habitat for a given species based on
known affinities with habitat characteristics, such as depth and substrate type.
Hanging dam A mass of ice composed mainly of frazil or broken ice deposited under an ice cover
in a region of low flow velocity.
Harvest The total number or weight of fish caught and kept from an area over a period of
time.
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l Abbreviation Definition
HEA Homer Electric Association
Heat transfer model A model for migration of heat from a warm body to cold.
Hierarchical log-likelihood ratio A technique used in statistics to examine the relationship between more than two
analysis categorical variables.
Histogram A graphical representation showing a visual impression of the distribution of data. It
is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable.
Homogeneity is the state of being homogeneous. Pertaining to the sciences, it is a
Homogeneity substance where all the constituents are of the same nature; consisting of similar
parts, or of elements of the like nature.
Hook and line A type of fishing gear consisting of a hook tied to a line.
Hoop net Hoop nets are tubular shaped nets with a series of hoops or rings spaced along the
length of the net to keep it open.
HAM Historic River Mile
HSC Habitat Suitability Criteria
HSI Habitat Suitability Index
Hummocked ice Ice piled haphazardly, one piece over another, to form an uneven surface.
Hydraulic head A measure of energy or pressure, expressed in terms of the vertical height of a
column of water that has the same pressure difference.
Hydraulic model A computer model of a segment of river used to evaluate stream flow
characteristics over a range of flows.
Hydrograph A graph showing stage, flow, velocity, or other property of water with respect to
time.
The hyporheic zone is the subsurface volume of sediment and porous space
Hyporheic beneath and lateral to a river or streambed, where there is mixing of shallow
groundwater and surface water.
Hyporheic flow Shallow subsurface (groundwater) flow through porous sediments adjacent to river
channels.
Ice bridge A continuous ice cover of limited size extending from shore to shore like a bridge.
The ratio (in eighths or tenths) of the water surface actually covered by ice to the
Ice concentration total area of surface, both ice-covered and ice-free, at a specific location or over a
defined area.
Ice cover A significant expanse of ice of any form on the surface of a body of water.
Ice floe Free-floating piece of ice greater than about 1 meter (3 feet) in extent.
Ice jam A stationary accumulation of fragmented ice or frazil that restricts or blocks a
stream channel.
Ice run Flow of ice in a river. An ice run may be light or heavy, and may consist of frazil or
broken sheet ice.
Ice-free No floating ice present.
I FAR lnstream Flow Relationships Report
ILP Integrated Licensing Process
in Inch
This trap consists of a revolving screen suspended between two pontoons.
Inclined plane trap Downstream migrant fish reaching the back of the trap are dropped into a live box
where they can later be enumerated.
Index count An index is a statistic that is assumed to be correlated to the true parameter of
interest (population) in some way
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Abbreviation Definition
lnSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
lnstream flow The rate of flow in a river or stream channel at any time of year.
lnstream Flow Incremental Methodology integrates concepts of water-supply
planning, analytical hydraulic engineering models, and empirically derived habitat-
IFIM versus-flow functions to address water-use and instream-flow issues and questions
concerning life-stage-specific effects on selected species and the general well-
being of aquatic biological populations.
Interannual stream flow variations Changes in stream flow on a year-to-year basis.
lnterflow The lateral movement of water in the upper part of the unsaturated zone, or vadose
zone, which directly enters a stream channel or other body of water.
lntergravel lntergravel refers to the subsurface environment within the riverbed.
Invertebrate All animals without a vertebral column; for example, aquatic insects.
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
I SEA University of Alaska Anchorage Institute for Social and Economic Research
ISA Initial Study Report
Juvenile A young fish or animal that has not reached sexual maturity.
kcmil circular mils
kg kilogram
km kilometer
km 2 kilometer(s) squared
kV kilovolt
L liter(s)
Leaf area index. LAI is the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground area in
LAI broadleaf canopies, or as the projected needle leaf area per unit ground area in
needle canopies.
lb pound
Leading edge of ice cover The upstream extent of a continuous ice cover that is progressing upstream via
juxtaposition (accumulation) of frazil ice pans.
licensing participants; Participants Agencies, ANSCA corporations, Alaska Native entities and other licensing
participants
LiD AA Light Detection and Ranging. An optical remote sensing technology that can
measure the distance to a target; can be used to create a topographic map.
An arbitrary age classification of an organism into categories relate to body
Life stage morphology and reproductive potential, such as spawning, egg incubation, larva or
fry, juvenile, and adult.
Loci The position of a gene (or other significant sequence) on a chromosome.
LOEL Lowest Observable Effect Level
A software package developed by Simon C. Heath, which analyses a quantitative
LOKI trait observed on large pedigrees using Markov chain Monte Carlo multipoint .
linkage and segregation analysis.
Lotic Refers to flowing water. ,'
Lower segment Susitna The Susitna River from Cook Inlet (AM 0) to the confluence of the Chulitna River at
AM 98.
LP DAAC Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center.
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Abbreviation Definition
LRTP Long Range Transportation Plan
LWCF Land and Water Conservation Fund
LWD large woody debris
m meter(s)
M million
m2 square meter(s)
Macroinvertebrate An invertebrate animal without a backbone that can be seen without magnification.
Main channel For habitat classification system: a single dominant main channel. Also, the primary
downstream segment of a river, as contrasted to its tributaries.
Level four tier of the habitat classification system. Separates main channel habitat
Main channel habitat types including: tributary mouth, main channel, split main channel, multiple split
main channel and side channel into mesohabitat types. Mesohabitat tyes include
pool, glide, run, riffle, and rapid.
Mainstem refers to the primary river corridor, as contrasted to its tributaries.
Mainstem Mainstem habitats include the main channel, split main channels, side channels,
tributary mouths, and off-channel habitats.
Level three tier of the habitat classification systems. Separates mainstem habitat
into main channel, off-channel, and tributary habitat types. Main channel habitat
Mainstem habitat types include: tributary mouth, main channel, split main channel, multiple split main
channel and side channel. Off-channel habitat types include: side slough, upland
slough, backwater, and beaver complex. Tributary habitat is not further categorized.
Level one tier of the habitat classification system. Separates the River into three
Major hydraulic segment segments: Lower River (AM 0-98), Middle River (AM 98-184), and Upper River (AM
184-233).
V = 1.486 R2/3S1/2/n in English units (V = R2/3S1/2/n in Sl units) where V =mean
Manning's equation flow velocity, R = hydraulic radius, and S = hydraulic slope; n is a coefficient of
roughness.
MAPS Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship
Mat-Su Matanuska Susitna
MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act
MEA Matanuska Electric Association
Mesh size The size of holes in a fishing net.
A discrete area of stream exhibiting relatively similar characteristics of depth,
Mesohabitat velocity, slope, substrate, and cover, and variances thereof (e.g., pools with
maximum depth <5 ft, high gradient rimes, side channel backwaters).
MET Meteorological stations.
'
mg milligram
mg/L milligrams per liter
mi mile(s)
"2 . m1 ;sq.m1. square mile(s)
Middle segment Susitna The Susitna River from the confluence of the Chulitna River at AM 98 to the
proposed Watana Dam Site at AM 184.
Migrant (life history type) Some species exhibit a migratory life history type and undergo a migration to from
rivers/lakes/ocean.
Migration Systematic (as opposed to random) movement of individuals of a stock from one
place to another, often related to season.
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Abbreviation Definition
Minnow trap Normally composed of small steel mesh with 2-piece torpedo shape design, this
trap is disconnected in the middle for easy baiting and fish removal.
MIROC Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate.
Mixed stock (fishery) A fishery whose stock consists of fish that are of a variety of ages, sizes, species,
geooraphic or oenetic origins or any combination of these variables.
Traditional mixed stock analyses use morphological, chemical, or genetic markers
Mixed stock analyses measured in several source populations and in a single mixed population to
estimate the proportional contribution of each source to the mixed population.
ml milliliter(s)
ML&P Anchorage Municipal Light and Power
mm millimeter(s)
MOD FLOW The name of a common USGS finite difference 3-D groundwater flow model.
MON Museum of the North
Monte Carlo simulation is a statistical approach whereby the inputs that are used
Monte Carlo for a calculation are resampled many times assuming that the inputs follow known
statistical distributions.
MP mile post
mph miles per hour
MRLC Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics.
MSA Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
MSB Matanuska-Susitna Borough
MSL mean sea level
Multidimensional scaling A set of related statistical techniques often used in information visualization for
exploring similarities or dissimilarities in data.
Multiple split main channel Main channel habitat characterization feature where more than three distributed
dominant channels are present.
MVA megavolt-Ampere
MW megawatts (one million watts)
MWh megawatt hour
n.d. no date
N/A not applicable or not available
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NARR North America Regional Reanalysis.
NAWCP North American Waterfowl Conservation Plan
NAWMP North American Waterfowl Management Plan
NCI Northern Cook Inlet
NCIMA Northern Cook Inlet Management Area (sport fish harvest)
NCM Newton centimeter
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act
Nested design (sometimes referred to as a hierarchical design) is used for
Nested design experiments in which there is an interest in a set of treatments and the experimental
units are sub-sampled.
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Abbreviation Definition
NGO non-governmental organization
NHPA National Historic Preservation Act
Stable isotopes are method for understanding aquatic ecosystems because they
can help scientists in understanding source links and process information in marine
Nitrogen isotope food webs. Certain isotopes can signify distinct primary producers forming the
bases of food webs and trophic level positioning. Nitrogen isotopes indicate the
trophic level position of various marine organisms.
NLCD National Land Cover Dataset
NLUR Northern Land Use Research
NMFS NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service
No. number
N02; N02 nitrogen dioxide I I
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Nodes (genetic tree) Nodes represent taxonomic units, such as an organism, a species, a population, a
common ancestor, or even an entire genus or other higher taxonomic group.
NOEL No Observed Effects Level
NOI Notice of Intent
Non-native Not indigenous to or naturally occurring in a given area.
NPS DOl, National Park Service
NRCS USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
NRHP National Register of Historic Places
NTU nephelometric turbidity unit
NWI National Wetlands Inventory
NWR National Wildlife Refuge
O&M operations and maintenance
03 ozone
oc degrees Celsius
OF degrees Fahrenheit
Off-channel Those bodies of water adjacent to the main channel that have surface water
connections to the main river at some discharge levels.
Off-channel habitat Habitat within those bodies of water adjacent to the main channel that have surface
water connections to the main river at some discharge levels.
OHV off-highway vehicle
Open lead Elongated opening in the ice cover caused by water current (velocity lead) or warm
water_(thermallead).
OPMP Office of Project Management and Permitting
ORV off-road vehicle
Otolith The ear bone of a fish. Otoliths have rings on them like the rings on a tree stump,
and are used to find the age of the fish and its growth rate.
Outmigrant trap Several types of trapping equipment that can be used to estimate the abundance of
downstream migrating anadromous salmonid smolts.
Overbank flow Flow that exceeds the level of a river's banks and extends into the floodplain. Also
overflow.
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Abbreviation Definition
Freshwater habitat used by salmon ids during the winter for incubation of eggs and
Overwintering alevin in the gravel and for rearing of juveniles overwintering in the stream system
before miqratinq to saltwater the followinq sprinq.
PAD Pre-Application Document
Partial barrier A feature that is impassable to some fish species, during part or all life stages at all
flows.
Pb lead
PCE primary constituent elements
PDD Preliminary Decision Document
Period of record The length of time for which data for an environmental variable has been collected
on a regular and continuous basis.
Permafrost Earth materials that remains continuously at or below OoC for at least two
consecutive years.
Permanent barrier A feature that is impassable to all fish at all flows. Results in the exclusion of all
species from portions of a watershed.
Permeability The capacity of a rock for transmitting a fluid; a measure of the relative ease with
which a porous medium can transmit a liquid.
In Alaska, "Personal use" is a legally defined regulatory category of fishery. It is
defined as "the taking, fishing for, or possession of finfish, shellfish, or other fishery
Personal use fishery resources, by Alaska residents for personal use and not for sale or barter, with gill
or dip net, seine, fishwheel, long line, or other means defined by the Board of
Fisheries'.
pH A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.
Physical Habitat Simulation, aspecific model designed to calculate an index to the
PHABSIM amount of microhabitat available for different life stages at different flow levels.
PHABSIM has two major analytical components: stream hydraulics and life stage-
specific habitat requirements.
PhD Doctor of Philosophy
Piezometer A type of groundwater well installed to specifically measure water levels or pressure
levels.
PIT Passive Integrated Transponder tags used to individually identify animals and
monitor their movements.
PL Public Law
PLC programmable logic controller
PLP Preliminary Licensing Proposal
PM particulate matter
PM&E protection, mitigatton and enhancement
PM10; PM10 particulate matter up to 1 0 microns in diameter
PM2.s; PM2.5 particulate matter up to 2.5 microns in diameter
PMF probable maximum flood
Pool Slow water habitat with minimal turbulence and deeper due to a strong hydraulic
control.
Porosity The ratio of the volume of voids in a rock or soil to the total volume.
An imaginary surface representing the static head of ground water in tighty cased
Potentiometric surface wells that tap a water-bearing rock unit (aquifer); or, in the case of unconfined
aquifers, the water table.
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Abbreviation Definition I
POW palustrine open water (ponds under 20 ac)
ppb parts per billion
PRECPTOT Total precipitation for a year.
Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model. PRISM uses
PRISM point measurements of precipitation, temperature, and other climatic factors to
produce continuous, digital grid estimates of monthly, yearly, and event-based I
climatic parameters.
PRM Project River Mile
Process domains Define specific geographic areas in which various geomorphic processes govern
• habitat attributes and dynamics (Montgomery 1999).
Project Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project
PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration
PSP Proposed Study Plan
A method of determining aquifer properties by pumping water from a well and
Pump test measuring the water level drawdown or recovery in the well, and nearby
piezometers or wells.
Q Hydrological abbreviation for discharge, usually presented as cfs (cubic feet per
second) or ems (cubic meters per second). Flow (discharge at a cross-section).
R is an open source programming language and software environment for statistical
R (program) computing and graphics. The R language is widely used among statisticians for
developing statistical software and data analysis.
Radiotelemetry Involves the capture and placement of radio-tags in adult fish that allow for the
remote tracking of movements of individual fish.
Railbelt The cities, towns, villages, and region served by Alaska Railroad tracks. The
Railbelt includes the two mostpopulous cities in Alaska-Anchorage and Fairbanks.
Ramping rates The rate at which (typically inches per hour) a flow is artificially altered to
accommodate diversion requirements.
Swift, turbulent flow including small chutes and some hydraulic jumps swirling
Rapid around boulders. Exposed substrate composed of individual boulders, boulder
clusters, and partial bars. Lower gradient and less dense concentration of boulders
and white water than Cascade. Moderate gradient; usually 2.0-4.0% slope.
RASP Regional Aviation System Plan
RCC roller compacted concrete
Rd recreation-dispersed
Rearing Rearing is the term used by fish biologists that considers the period of time in which
juvenile fish feed and grow.
Harvesting fish for personal use, sport, and challenge (e.g. as opposed to profit or
Recreational Fishery research). Recreational fishing does not include sale, barter, or trade of all or part of
the catch.
Redd The spawning ground or nest of various fishes
An area protected from disturbance and exposure to adverse environmental
Refugia conditions where fish or other animals can find shelter from sudden flow surges,
adverse water quality, or other short-duration disturbances.
Regime The general pattern (magnitude and frequency) of flow or temperature events
through time at a particular location (such as snowmelt regime, rainfall r~gime).
Relative abundance Relative abundance is an estimate of actual or absolute abundance; usually stated
as some kind of index.
Reservoir A body of water, either natural or artificial, that is used to manipulate flow or store
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Abbreviation Definition
water for future use.
Resident Resident fish as opposed to anadromous remain in the freshwater environment
year-round
A fast water habitat with turbulent, shallow flow over submerged or partially
Riffle submerged gravel and cobble substrates. Generally broad, uniform cross-section.
Low gradient; usually 0.5-2.0% slope.
Riparian Pertaining to anything connected with or adjacent to the bank of a stream or other
body of water.
Riparian process domain Define specific geographic areas in which various geomorphic processes govern
floodplain habitat attributes and dynamics.
Riparian vegetation Vegetation that is dependent upon an excess of moisture during a portion of the
growing season on a site that is perceptively more moist than the surrounding area.
Riparian zone A stream and all the vegetation on its banks that is influenced by the presence of
the stream, including surface flow, hyporheic flow and microclimate.
RIRP Railbelt Integrated Resources Plan
River A large stream that serves as the natural drainage channel for a relatively large
catchment or drainage basin.
A perennial, intermittent, or ephemeral stream and adjacent vegetative fringe. The
River corridor corridor is the area occupied during high water and the land immediately adjacent,
including riparian vegetation that shades the stream, provides input of organic
debris, and protects banks from excessive erosion.
River mile The distance of a point on a river measured in miles from the river's mouth along
the low-water channel.
RM River Mile(s) referencing those of the 1980s APA Project.
ROS recreational opportunity spectrum
The Rosgen stream classification system which categorizes streams based on
Rosgen channel-type channel morphology so that consistent, reproducible, and quantitative descriptions
can be made.
RS revised statute
ASP Revised Study Plan
ATE rare, threatened and endangered '
RTK Real time kinematic, in reference to a GPS survey method.
A habitat area with minimal surface turbulence over or around protruding boulders
with generally uniform depth that is generally greater than the maximum substrate
Run (habitat) size. Velocities are on border of fast and slow water. Gradients are approximately
0.5 %to less than 2%. Generally deeper than riffles with few major flow
obstructions and low habitat complexity.
Seasonal migration undertaken by fish, usually as part of their life history; for
Run (migration) example, spawning run of salmon, upstream migration of shad. Fishers may refer to
increased catches as a "run" of fish, a usage often independent of their migratory
behavior.
s second
Sand Substrate particles less than 0.1 inches in diameter, smaller than gravel.
SANPCC Southcentral Alaska Northern Pike Control Committee
SaSI Salmonid Stock Inventory
SB Senate bill
SCORP Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan
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Abbreviation Definition
Screw trap A floating trap that relies on an Archimedes screw built into a screen covered cone
that is suspended between two pontoons is used.
SCRO ADNR South Central Regional Office
SD1 Scoping Document 1
SD2 Scoping Document 2
SDVCSC South Denali Visitor Center Steering Committee
A feature that is impassable to all fish at certain flow conditions (based on run
Seasonal barrier timing and flow conditions). Can result in a delay in movement beyond the barrier
for some period of time.
Sediment Solid material, both mineral and organic, that is in suspension in the current or
deposited on the streambed.
Sediment load The portion of the sediment that is carried by a fluid flow which settle slowly enough
such that it almost never touches the bed.
The movement of solid particles (sediment), typically due to a combination of the
Sediment transport force of gravity acting on the sediment, and/or the movement of the fluid in which
the sediment is entrained.
A fishing net that hangs vertically in the water with its bottom edge held down by
Seine (beach) weights and its top edge buoyed by floats. Seine nets can be deployed from the
shore as a beach seine, or from a boat.
SES City of Seward Electric System !
sf; ft2 Square foot (feet)
SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer
Lateral channel with an axis of flow roughly parallel to the mainstem, which is fed by
water from the mainstem; a braid of a river with flow appreciably lower than the
Side channel main channel. Side channel habitat may exist either in well-defined secondary
(overflow) channels, or in poorly-defined watercourses flowing through partially
submerged gravel bars and islands along the margins of the mainstem.
Side slough Off-channel habitat characterization of an Overflow channel contained in the
floodplain, but disconnected from the main channel. Has clear water,
Side-scan sonar Side scan sonar uses transducers that emit fan-shaped acoustic pulses down
toward the riverbed or seafloor.
Simple daily intensity index Known also as SDII, it is the annual total precipitation divided by the number of wet
days in the year.
Slope The inclination or gradient from the horizontal of a line or surface.
A widely used term for wetland environment in a channel or series of shallow lakes
Slough where water is stagnant or may flow slowly on a seasonal basis. Also known as a
stream distributary or anabranch.
Slush ice An agglomerate of loosely packed frazil floating on the water surface or adhered to
the bed or underside of the ice cover.
SMAP Susitna Matanuska Area Plan
Smolt An adolescent salmon which has metamorphosed and which is found on its way
downstream toward the sea.
Smoltification The physiological changes anadromous salmonids and trout undergo in freshwater
while migrating toward saltwater that allow them to live in the ocean.
SMP Shoreline Management Plan
SNAP Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning.
SNP markers Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a change to a single nucleotide in a DNA
sequence. The relative mutation rate for an SNP is extremely low. This makes them
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STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS MWH/LVA.
Abbreviation Definition
ideal for marking the history of genetic trees.
S02; S02 Sulfur dioxide
Heat flow between the soil surface and the deeper layers. Heat transfer varies with
Soil heat transfer soil type, moisture, horizon, etc. The flow of heat is directed from warmer layers to
cooler layers. Heat transfer in soil is substantially influenced by the snow cover,
vegetation, and terrain.
Soil water storage variations Seasonal changes in where and how water is stored in a hydraulic system.
Solar geometry Angle of the sun's rays to the surface.
A long, thin external tag type used to mark individual fish. Sometimes referred to as
Spaghetti tag anchor or dart tags, they are usually made of vinyl tubing that can have study
information printed upon.
Spawning The depositing and fertilizing of eggs by fish and other aquatic life.
Split main channel Main channel habitat characterization where three of fewer distributed dominant
channels.
Also known a recreational fishery, a sport fishery consists of fish taken for pleasure
Sport fishery or competttion. It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for
profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.
Spring Area where there is a concentrated discharge of groundwater that flows at the
ground surface.
SpUD Special use district
SOL Standard query language
SRMAs Special Recreation Management Areas
Stable isotopes have become a popular method for understanding aquatic
Stable isotope analysis ecosystems because they can help scientists in understanding source links and
process information in marine food webs. Certain isotopes can signify distinct
primary producers forming the bases of food webs and trophic level positioning.
Stage The distance of the water surface in a river above a known datum.
Stage-discharge relationship The relation between the water-surface elevation, termed stage (gage height), and
the volume of water flowing in a channel per unit time.
Staging Increase in water levels upstream of the leading edge of ice cover caused by the
partial blockage of the channel by ice.
U.S. General Soil Map Data, a digital general soil association map developed by
STATSGO the National Cooperative Soil Survey and distributed by the Natural Resources
Conservation Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
STB Surface Transportation Board
Stranding Fish stranding is any event in which fish are restricted to poor habitat as a
consequence of physical separation from a main body of water.
A method of sampling from a population. In statistical surveys, when
Stratified sampling subpopulations within an overall population vary, it is advantageous to sample each
subpopulation (stratum) independently. Stratification is the process of dividing
members of the population into homogeneous subgroups before sampling.
Streambed The bottom of the stream channel; may be wet or dry.
Subsistence fishery A fishery that is typically small-scale and low-technology aimed at supporting
oneself at a minimum level.
Supercooled water Water with a temperature slightly below the freezing point (0°C or 32°F).
svo Successor Village Organizations
sw Surface water. Water that has not infiltrated below ground surface, including rivers,
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STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS MWH/LVA.
Abbreviation Definition
streams, sloughs, lakes, ponds, wetlands.
SWHS Statewide Harvest Survey
TCP traditional cultural property
TCW Talkeetna Mountains and Chulitna-Watana Hills
TOG total dissolved gas
TDS total dissolved solids
TEK Traditional Environmental Knowledge
A feature that that is impassable to all fish for a period of time and is not flow .
Temporary barrier dependent. Temporary instream barriers are widely used for construction and
maintenance purposes, as well as access and erosion control.
Terminus The down-gradient end of a glacier.
Thalweg A continuous line that defines the deepest channel of a watercourse.
Thermal break-up Melting in place. Also called in situ break-up.
Thermal cycling Consists of cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting
and enzymatic replication of the DNA.
Thermal ice Solid ice formed in place in low-velocity areas.
The confluence of the Susitna, Chulitna, and Talkeetna rivers at Susitna River Mile
Three Rivers Confluence (AM) 98.5 represents the downstream end of the Middle River and the upstream
end of the Upper River.
TM Thematic Mapper. One of the Earth observing sensors introduced in the Landsat
program.
TOC total organic carbon
In terms of groundwater applications, the use chemical or physical (usually
Tracer study temperature) properties to determine groundwater pathways and mass exchange
with surface water.
Trap and haul A fish passage facility designed to trap fish for upstream or downstream transport to
continue their migration.
Tributary A stream feeding, joining, or flowing into a larger stream (at any point along its
course or into a lake). Synonyms: feeder stream, side stream.
Tributary mouth Main channel habitat characterization of clear water areas that exist where
tributaries flow into Susitna River main channel or side channel habitats.
Trim line Soil stripped of vegetation by a glacier.
.
A heavy fishing line with baited hooks attached at intervals by means of branch
I
Trotline lines called snoods. A snood is a short length of line which is attached to the main
line using a clip or swivel, with the hook at the other end.
TSP total suspended particulate
Turbidity The condition resulting from the presence of suspended particles in the water
column which attenuate or reduce light penetration.
TWG Technical Workgroup
U.S., US United States
U.S.C.; USC U.S. Code
UAAES University of Alaska Agriculture Experiment Station
UAFAFES University of Alaska Fairbanks Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station
UCG underground coal gasification
--
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STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS MWH/LVA.
Abbreviation Definition
UCIMA Upper Cook Inlet Management Area (commercial fish harvest)
Unconfined aquifer Aquifer whose upper surface is a water table free to fluctuate.
Undercut bank A bank that rises vertically or overhangs the stream.
Underwater video imaging which can record images in real-time over short time
intervals and can provide information on fish species presence/absence in the
Underwater video immediate vicinity. Although water clarity and lighting can limit the effectiveness of
video sampling, a distinct advantage of video over DIDSON is the ability to clearly
identify fish species.
Unsaturated zone A subsurface zone above the water table where the pore spaces may contain a
combination of air and water.
Off-channel habitat characterization feature that is similar to a side slough, but
Upland slough contains a vegetated bar at the head that is rarely overtopped by mainstem
flow. Has clear water.
Upper segment Susitna The Susitna River upstream of the proposed Watana Dam Site at RM 184.
Upstream fish passage A fishway system designed to pass fish upstream of a passage impediment, either
by volitional passage or non-volitional passage.
The movement of groundwater into rivers, stream, sloughs and other surface water
Upwelling features. This is also called groundwater discharge and may be associated with a
gainin_g_reach of a river or stream.
USAGE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
uses U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
US DOT U.S. Department of Transportation
USFS USDA, Forest Service
USFWS DOl, Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS DOl, Geological Survey
USA Updated Study Report
USSCP U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan
VFD Volunteer Fire Department
VHF very high frequency
voc volatile organic compound
Volitional passage Fish passage made continuously available without trap and transport.
VRM Visual Resource Management system
WaSiM Water Balance Simulation Model.
The dam proposed by the Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric project. The approximately
750-foot-high Watana Dam (as measured from sound bedrock) would be located at
Watana Dam river mile (RM) 184 on the Susitna River. The dam would block the upstream
passage of Chinook salmon, possibly other salmon species, and resident fish that
migrate through and otherwise use the proposed Watana Dam site and upstream
habitat in the Susitna River and tributaries.
Water slope Change in water surface elevation per unit distance.
Water stage The water surface elevation above the bottom of the river channel or above some
arbitrary datum.
Water table The top water surface of an unconfined aquifer at atmospheric pressure.
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Abbreviation Definition
Wetted channel width (wetted The length of the wetted contact between a stream of flowing water and the stream
Perimeter) bottom in a plane at right angles to the direction of flow.
Weather generator model that can be used to generate daily values for
WGEN precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and solar radiation.
The model accounts for the persistence of each variable, the dependence among
the variables, and the seasonal characteristics of each variable.
WSR Wild and Scenic River
Lyd Yard
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APPENDIX 3. CHEAT SHEET FOR COMMON TERMINOLOGY AND
STYLE CORRECTIONS
Use Don't Use
X°F yoc X °F yoc
1980s 1980's (search forO's)
1-D 1 D (except when part of a model's name)
2-D 2D (except when part of a model's name)
acre ac
ADNR <per Style Guide> DNA
bedload bedload
break-up breakup
bullet punctuation
Complete thought: Incomplete thought:
• Xxxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx • Xxxxxxxxxxx;
xxxxxxxxxxxx. • Xxxxxxx;
• Xxxxxxxxxxxxx. • Xxxx. Xxxxxxxxxx; and
• Xxxxxxxxxx. • Xxxxxx .
or:
Complete thought:
• Xxxxxxxxxxxxx
• Xxxxxxxxxxxxx
• Xxxxxxxxxx
chlorophyll-a chlorophyll-a or chlorophyll a
citations
(Doe 2010; Smith et al. 2005; Jones 1994) (Doe 2010, Smith et al. 2005, Jones 1994)
cross-section
data (plural)
database
dataset
daytime
Devils Canyon
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cross section
data (singular)
data base
data set
day-time
Devil's Canyon
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.
STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS
Use
Dolly Varden
down-gradient
downriver
electrofishing
Focus Area
Focus Areas
Fish and Aquatic TWG
fieldwork
fishwheel
Fish and Aquatics lnstream Flow Study (FA-AFS)
floodplain
Focus Area
freshwater (adj)
fresh water (noun)
gamebirds
gee-referenced
gillnet
groundwater
Habitat Suitability Criteria
hand-held
hydroregime
ice-scar
in situ
individuals per square meter
instream
lnstream Flow Study (IFS)
Interior Alaska
intergravel
landbird
landform
land use
off-channel habitat
License Application
licensing participant
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MWH/LVA.
Don't Use
dollyvarden
downgradient
down river
electro-fishing or electro fishing
FA
FAs
FATWG
field work
fish wheel
lnstream Flow Study-Fish and Aquatics
flood plain
intensive study site or focus area
game birds
georeferenced
gill net or gill-net
ground water or ground-water
Habitat Suitability Curve
handheld
hydro regime
icescar or ice scar
in-situ or in-situ
individuals/m2
in-stream
instream flow study, lnstream Flow study, ISF
interior Alaska
intragravel, intra-gravel, inter-gravel
land bird
land form
landuse
lateral habitat
license application
Stakeholder; license participant
Appendix 3-Page 2
Alaska Energy Authority
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STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS
Use
life cycle
1 life history
life stage
load-following
mainstem
Mainstem (Open-water) Flow Routing Model
man-made
meltwater (noun)
mesohabitat
N/A
nearshore (adjective)
nighttime
non-native
northern pike
off-channel
off-site
on-site
out-migration
photosignature
pre-nesting
Project
01 2013
QA/QC
radio collar (noun)
radio-collar (verb)
radio tag (noun)
radio-tag (verb forms or adjective)
radio-track (verb forms)
radio telemetry (noun)
Railbelt
rangefinder
Riparian lnstream Flow Study (R-IFS)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project
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MWH/LVA.
Don't Use
lifecycle
life-history
Lifestage
load following
main stem
Summer Mainstem Flow Routing Model,
Ice-free Mainstem Flow Routing Model
manmade
melt water (noun)
meso-habitat
na
n/a
near shore (adjective)
night-time
nonnative
Northern pike
off channel
offsite
onsite
out migration or outmigration
photo-signature
prenesting
project (referring to the Susitna-Watana Project)
01 of 2013 or 1st Quarter of 2013
QAQC
radiocollar
radiotag
radiotrack or radio track
radiotelemetry (noun)
railbelt
range-finder
lnstream Flow Study-Riparian
Appendix 3-Page 3
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I
!
STYLE GUIDE FOR LICENSING DOCUMENTS
Use
river mile (RM)
riverbank
runoff
saltwater (adj)
salt water (noun)
Section xxx
shorebird
side channel
Southcentral Alaska
Southeast Alaska
spaghetti tag (noun)
spaghetti-tagged (verb forms or adjective)
sportfish
stream bank
streamflow
Stream gage
subbasin
sub-sample
surface water
Three Rivers Confluence
Techincal Workgroup
tidewater
time-lapse camera
trapline
wadeable
waterbird
water body
waterfowl
Water Year
website
Whiskers Slough
workgroup'
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project
FERC Project No. 14241
MWH/LVA.
Don't Use
River Mile
river bank
run-off or run off
section xxx
shore bird
sidechannel
southcentral Alaska
southeast Alaska
sport fish
stream bank
stream flow
stream gauge
sub-basin
subsample
surface-water
3 rivers confluence or Three Rivers' Confluence or confluence
with Chulitna River
Technical Work Group
tide water
time lapse camera
trap line
wadable
water bird
waterbody
water fowl
water year
Web site or web site
Whisker's Slough
work group
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APPENDIX 4. ASP LIGHT EDITING CHEAT SHEET
Items to Check:
General tech edit items
• Read for spelling and grammar errors.
• Define abbreviations at first reference in each study plan (not clear what to do for intro sections
X.1-X.4).
• Check consistency of terminology (with above list, the latest style guide (VS, as of December
2012), R2's study guide addendum, and mainstem habitat classification table).
• Cross check in-line citations with Literature Cited section.
• Confirm each table/figure is referenced in the text.
• Verify that all headings are left justified (note that Heading Level 3 is often out of whack).
Header
• Should say "Revised Study Plan" (Aria I narrow font, 10 pt, italics).
Footer
• Aria I narrow font, 10 pt, right-hand corner should say "December 2012".
• Check footer format on landscape pages and move tabs to the right margin accordingly.
"INTERIM DRAFT" Watermark
• Delete from all pages.
Tables/Figures
• Move to the proper sections at the end of each study plan, as necessary. Tables are typically
Section X.Y.10, and figures are typically Section X.Y.11.
• Table and figure captions are Times New Roman font, 9 pts, bold; lower case (as appropriate);
end with a period.
• Table captions go above the table; figure captions go below the figure.
Standard Language -Section X.4
• Confirm that leads have revised this section as follows: 1) no longer include any discussion of
pre-PSP consultation; 2) summarize key post-PSP consultation efforts (TWG meetings, site visits,
telephone calls, etc.); and 3) include a reference to both comment/response tables as attached
to the RSP, consistent with the below:
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• Summary tables of comments and responses from formal comment letters filed with FERC
through November 14, 2012, are provided in Appendix 1. Copies of the formal FERC-filed
comment letters are included in Appendix 2. In addition, a single comprehensive summary table
of comments and responses from consultation, dated from Proposed Study Plan {PSP) filing (July
16, 2012} through release of Interim Draft RSPs, is provided in Appendix 3. Copies of relevant
informal consultation documentation are included in Appendix 4, grouped by resource area.
General order of Heading Level 3 sections at end of each study plan
• Schedule
• Interdependencies with Other Studies
• Level of Effort and Cost
• Literature Cited
• Tables
• Figures
Schedule section
• Confirm that each study plan includes a schedule table, consistent with the standard format
(most if not all should, exception may be Section 16, an initial draft of which was just recently
posted).
• Delete the 2012 columns in the schedule table if there is no corresponding scheduled effort for
2012 {list of 18 2012 study efforts at end of this document).
• NOTE: No standard text regarding commitment to quarterly TWG meetings has been inserted
into any study plans to date.
• Dates for ISR and USR (in Schedule section, in schedule table, and elsewhere in text)
o ISR -in text "February 2014", in schedule table 1Q 2014.
o USR-in text "February 2015", in schedule table 1Q 2015.
"Interdependency with Other Studies" section
• To be a separate section following Schedule section (typically Section X.Y.7).
• Interdependency materials should include both explanatory text and a figure/chart (reference to
figure/chart in text, actual figure/chart in Figures section).
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2012 STUDIES (18 TOTAL)
Water Resources
MWH/LVA.
• Review of Existing Water Temperature Model Results and Data Collection
• Aquatic Habitat and Geomorphic Mapping of the Middle River Using Aerial Photography
• Reconnaissance-Level Geomorphic and Aquatic Habitat Assessment of Project Effects on Lower
River Channel
• Documentation of Susitna River Ice Breakup and Formation
Instream Flow
• lnstream Flow Planning Study
• River Flow Routing Model Data Collection
Fish and Aquatic Resources
• Synthesis of Existing Fish Population Data
• Adult Salmon Distribution Habitat Utilization Study
• Upper Susitna River Fish Distribution and Habitat Study
• Cook Inlet Beluga Whale Anadromous Prey Analysis
Botanical Resources
• Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat Mapping Study
• Wetland Mapping Study
• Riparian Study
Wildlife Resources
• Eagle and Raptor Nest Study
• Past and Current Big Game Harvest Study
• Wildlife Habitat Use and Movement Study
Recreation and Aesthetic Resources
• Aesthetic and Recreation Resources Study
Cultural Resources
• Cultural Resources Study
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APPENDIX 5. MAINSTEM HABITAT CLASSIFICATION TABLE
One of the FERC comments noted that there needed to be consistency in terminology and categories of habitat classification across
resource disciplines.
Level Unit Category
1 Major Hydrologic Segment Upper, Middle, Lower River
Upper River Reaches 1-6
2 Geomorphic Reach Middle River Reaches 1-8
Lower River Reaches 1-4
Main Channel Habitat
Mainstem Habitat Off-Channel Habitat Types 1
3
Tributary Habitat
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FERC Project No. 14241
Definitions
Defined Reach Breaks
Upper River-RM184-248 (Note Mapping only extends to RM 233)
Middle River-AM 98.5-184
Lower River-AM 0-98.5
Geomorphic reaches that uniquely divide major hydraulic segments for the upper, middle and
lower river based on geomorphic characteristics
Main Channel Habitat:
Main Channel-Single dominant main channel
Split Main Channel-Less than 3 distributed dominant channels
Braided Main Channel-Greater than 3 distributed dominant channels
Side Channel-Channel that is turbid and connected to the active main channel but
represents non-dominant proportion of flow
Tributary Mouth -Clear water areas that exist where tributaries flow into the Susitna River
main channel or side channel habitats (upstream Tributary habitat will be mapped as a
separate effort)
Off-Channel Habitat:
Side Slough: Overflow channel contained in the floodplain, but disconnected from the main
channel. Has clear water.2
Upland Slough: Similar to a side slough, but contains a vegetated bar and is rarely
overtopped by mainstem flow. Has clear water. 2
Backwater: Found along channel margins and generally within the influence of the active main
channel. Water is not clear.
Beaver Complex -Complex ponded water body created by beaver dams
Tributarx Habitat:
Tributaries will be mapped to the upper hydrological influence of the mainstem
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Level Unit Category Definitions
Main Channel and Tributary Mesohabitat:
Cascades -a fast water habitat with turbulent flow and hydraulic steps
Riffle-fast turbulent water with shallow flow
4 Main Channel Mesohabitat Main Channel and Tributary Habitat Pool-slow water habitat with minimal turbulence and deeper in depth due to a hydraulic
control
Run-fast water with minimal to moderate turbulence
Glide-slower water with minimal turbulence
5 Edge Habitat Length of Shoreline Habitat Calculation-will be determined by doubling the length of the mapped habitat unit
TEXT FROM IFS RSP-
Further refinements to the stratification system being applied to the Susitna River have been made since the PSP as a result of
discussions during the August, September, and October 2012 TWG meetings and two interdisciplinary team meetings that were
focused on study site selection and habitat mapping. Although the major divisions associated with the Middle and Lower segments
have been retained, these are now incorporated into a more refined hierarchical stratification system that scales from relatively broad
to more narrowly defined categories as follows:
Segment --7 Geomorphic Reach --7 Mainstem Habitat Type --7
Main Channel Mesohabitat Types --7 Edge Habitat Types
The highest level category is termed Segment and refers to the Middle River Segment and the Lower River Segment.
The Geomorphic Reach level is next and consists of the eight categories (MR-1 through MR-8) for the Middle River Segment and six
categories (LR-1 through LR-4) for the Lower Segment (see RSP Section 6.5.4.1.2.2 and Table 8.5-5). The geomorphic reach breaks
were based in part on the following five factors: 1) Planform type (single channel, island/side channel, braided); 2) Confinement
(approximate extent of floodplain, off-channel features); 3) Gradient; 4) Bed material I geology; and 5) Major river confluences.
This level is followed by Mainstem Habitat Types, which capture the same general categories applied during the 1980s studies but
includes additional sub-categories to provide a more refined delineation of habitat features (Table 8.5-6). Major categories and sub-
categories under this level include Main Channel Habitats consisting of Main Channel, Split Main Channel, Braided Main Channel,
Side Channel, and Off-channel Habitats that include Side Slough, Upland Slough, Backwater and Beaver Complexes; and Tributary
Habitats that consist of the segment of the tributary influenced by mainstem flow.
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The next level in the hierarchy is Main Channel and Tributary Mesohabitats, which classifies habitats into categories of Cascades,
Riffle, Pool, Run, and Glide. The mesohabitat level of classification is currently limited to the main channel and tributary mouths for
which the ability to delineate these features is possible via aerial imagery and videography. Mesohabitat mapping in side channel and
slough habitat types will require ground surveys.
The last level in the classification is Edge Habitat and is intended to provide an estimate of the length of shoreline in contact with
water within each habitat unit. The amount of edge habitat within a given habitat unit will provide an index of habitat complexity, i.e.,
more complex areas that consist of islands, side channels, etc. will contain more edge habitat than uniform, single channel areas.
These stratification levels are described in Table 8.5-6 with further information provided in both the Geomorphic Study Plan (see RSP
Section 6.5.4.1.2.2) and the Habitat Characterization Study Plan (see RSP Section 9.9).
The fundamental goal of stratification is to define segments/reaches with effectively similar characteristics where, ideally, repeated
replicate sampling would result in parameter estimates with similar statistical distributions. The stratification/classification system
described above is designed to provide sufficient partitioning of sources of variation that can be evaluated through focused study
efforts that target each of the habitat types, and from which inferences concerning habitat-flow responses in unmeasured sites can be
drawn.
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