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Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Document
ARLIS Uniform Cover Page
Title:
SuWa 280
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project engineering feasibility report. [Main
report]
Author(s) – Personal:
Author(s) – Corporate:
MWH Americas, Inc.
AEA-identified category, if specified:
Engineering feasibility report
AEA-identified series, if specified:
Series (ARLIS-assigned report number): Existing numbers on document:
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project document number 280 13-1421-REP-073114
Report 14-21-REP v0.0
AEA11-022
Published by: Date published:
[Anchorage, Alaska : Alaska Energy Authority, 2014] December 2014
Published for: Date or date range of report: Prepared for Alaska Energy Authority
Volume and/or Part numbers:
Final or Draft status, as indicated:
Table of contents, executive summary, sections 1-17
Document type: Pagination:
731 pages in various paginations
(main report)
Full report is 2303 pages in
various paginations plus 3 plates.
Related work(s): Pages added/changed by ARLIS:
Appendix B (SuWa 281-284).
Notes:
Three appendices were not released. "Appendix A : Drawings" (listed on pages xxvii to xxxii in the
table of contents) is not available. Appendices B1 and B7 are not available. A placeholder page
was issued for B1.
A flash drive containing a visualization of all 3-D models accompanies the report and is called
"Visualization Susitna-Watana Animation Draft" (see page 25 of Section 1). This flash drive was
not received by ARLIS (Alaska Resources Library and Information Services.
All reports in the Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Document series include an ARLIS-
produced cover page and an ARLIS-assigned number for uniformity and citability. All reports
are posted online at http://www.arlis.org/resources/susitna-watana/
Report
14-21-REP
v0.0
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project
Engineering Feasibility Report
AEA11 -022
Prepared for: Prepared by:
Alaska Energy Authority MWH Americas, Inc.
813 West Northern Lights Blvd. 1835 South Bragaw St., Suite 350
Anchorage, AK 99503 Anchorage, AK 99508
December 2014
Significant parts of this report are subject to FERC CEII regulations and should not be disclosed.
13-1421-REP-073114
PREFACE
This report has been prepared in accordance with the terms set out in Contract No. AEA-11-022
between the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) and MWH Americas Inc. (MWH), under task order
authorization designated as NTP 13 – Engineering Feasibility Studies. Neither MWH, nor AEA,
nor any person acting on any of their behalf, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume
any liability with respect to the use of any information, method, or statement contained in this
report.
Any recipient of this report, including AEA, any prospective lenders, contractors, or any other
stakeholder, by their receipt and use of this report, hereby releases MWH and AEA from any
liability for direct, indirect, or consequential loss or damage, whether arising in contract, tort
(including negligence), strict liability, or otherwise.
MWH was neither requested to perform, nor has performed, environmental site assessments in
connection with the proposed facilities described in this report. Also, MWH was neither
requested to, nor has performed, any economic analyses or detailed evaluation of any permits or
license requirements other than what is required by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC) for a license application.
This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of AEA. Any third party use of the report, or
any reliance on or decisions made on the basis of this report will be the responsibility of such
third party. This report must be read in its entirety; MWH will not be liable for reliance on
excerpts or portions of this report in the abstract.
The content of this report is governed by confidentiality clauses in the contract between MWH
and AEA. The contents of this document may not be disclosed to other parties in a manner not
consistent with the terms of the confidentiality clauses of that contract.
Some information contained herein is subject to FERC Critical Energy Infrastructure
Information (CEII) Regulations and required non-disclosure documentation.
LIST OF PREPARERS
MWH Americas, Inc.
Brian Sadden – Project Manager
Michael Bruen – Geology and Geotechnical Exploration
Don Crone – Cost Estimating Specialist
Andrew Frisk – CAD
Kirby Gilbert – FERC Licensing Specialist
John Haapala – Hydrology and Power Operations Engineer
Aled Hughes – Lead Dam Engineer
Dina Hunt – Seismicity Specialist
Farrokh Javanmardi – Finite Element Analysis
Joseph Kovacich - Geotechnical
Julie Stanaszek – Civil Engineer Lead
Sub Consultants
Applied Weather Associates – Edward Tomlinson
Electric Power Systems Inc. – David Burlingame
Fugro Consultants, Inc. – Justin Pearce
Golder Associates, Inc. – Robert Dugan
Hanson Alaska, LLC – Michael Pochop
Norm Abrahamson – Independent Consultant, Seismicity
Slater Consulting – Kenneth Slater
Tom Lovas – Energy & Resource Economics
Senior Technical Reviewers
MWH – Peter Dickson – Geotechnical
MWH – Peter Donalek – Transmission
MWH – Howard Lee – Hydropower
MWH – Jose Mayen – Electrical
MWH – Glenn Tarbox – Dams
Nuss Engineering, LLC – Larry Nuss – Finite Element Modelling
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................ES-1
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1. Background .......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2. Summary of Previous Studies .............................................................................. 1-6
1.3. Scope of Current Engineering Work .................................................................... 1-7
1.4. Overview of FERC Licensing Process ................................................................ 1-9
1.5. Status of Environmental Study Program............................................................ 1-11
1.6. Project Description............................................................................................. 1-15
1.6.1. General ............................................................................................. 1-15
1.6.2. Watana Dam and Reservoir ............................................................. 1-16
1.6.3. Powerhouse ...................................................................................... 1-19
1.6.4. Ancillary Facilities ........................................................................... 1-20
1.6.5. Transportation Access ...................................................................... 1-20
1.6.6. Electric Transmission and Interconnection Facilities ...................... 1-22
1.6.7. Project Operations ............................................................................ 1-23
1.6.8. Construction Schedule ..................................................................... 1-24
1.7. Visualization ...................................................................................................... 1-25
1.8. Principal Project Parameters .............................................................................. 1-25
1.9. Board of Consultants Review ............................................................................ 1-30
2. SCOPE OF WORK .......................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1. Evolution of Plan of Study ................................................................................... 2-1
2.2. Hydrology ............................................................................................................ 2-1
2.3. Power Studies....................................................................................................... 2-2
2.4. Geotechnical Exploration and Characterization .................................................. 2-2
2.5. Seismic Studies .................................................................................................... 2-3
2.6. Development of Layout and Design .................................................................... 2-3
2.7. Access .................................................................................................................. 2-4
2.8. Transmission ........................................................................................................ 2-4
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2.9. Surveys ................................................................................................................. 2-4
2.10. Site Facilities ........................................................................................................ 2-5
2.11. Construction Cost Estimates and Schedules ........................................................ 2-5
3. PREVIOUS STUDIES..................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1. Early Studies of Hydroelectric Potential.............................................................. 3-1
3.2. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation – 1953 Study .......................................................... 3-2
3.3. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation – 1961 Study .......................................................... 3-2
3.4. Alaska Power Administration – 1974 .................................................................. 3-3
3.5. Kaiser Proposal for Development – 1974 ............................................................ 3-3
3.6. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – 1975 and 1979 Studies .................................... 3-4
3.7. Alaska Power Authority – Acres / Harza / Ebasco 1980s ................................... 3-4
3.8. Alaska Energy Authority – 2009-2010 ................................................................ 3-6
4. RAILBELT LOAD FORECASTS .................................................................................. 4-1
4.1. Regional Generation Facilities ............................................................................. 4-1
4.2. Regional Transmission Facilities ......................................................................... 4-2
4.3. Regional Electrical Load Requirements .............................................................. 4-3
5. INTEGRATION INTO THE RAILBELT SYSTEM ...................................................... 5-1
5.1. Electric System Studies........................................................................................ 5-1
5.2. Transmission Study Improvements Pre-Watana .................................................. 5-1
5.3. Study Criteria ....................................................................................................... 5-2
5.4. System Study Methodology ................................................................................. 5-2
5.5. Results .................................................................................................................. 5-4
5.6. Future Studies ...................................................................................................... 5-5
5.7. Project Operation and Resource Integration ........................................................ 5-6
5.7.1. Basis of Studies .................................................................................. 5-6
5.7.2. Plant and System Operation Requirements ........................................ 5-8
5.7.3. General Power Plant and Railbelt System Criteria ............................ 5-9
5.7.4. Operating Security Criteria ................................................................ 5-9
5.7.5. Plant Operation and Maintenance .................................................... 5-10
5.7.6. Economic Operation ........................................................................ 5-11
5.7.7. Modeling Exercise and Results ........................................................ 5-11
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5.7.8. 2013 Modeling and Analysis ........................................................... 5-15
5.7.9. Forecast Data and Results for 2013 Analyses.................................. 5-17
5.7.10. Updated Analysis 2014 .................................................................... 5-21
6. SUSITNA BASIN AND DAM SITE CHARACTERISTICS ......................................... 6-1
6.1. Climatology.......................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2. Hydrology ............................................................................................................ 6-4
6.2.1. Hydrologic Record ............................................................................. 6-4
6.2.2. Monthly Flow Frequency and Flow Duration ................................... 6-8
6.2.3. Watana Dam Site Historical Inflows ............................................... 6-14
6.2.4. Flood Frequency .............................................................................. 6-18
6.2.5. Probable Maximum Precipitation / Probable Maximum Flood ....... 6-23
6.2.6. Susitna Watershed Flow Distribution .............................................. 6-23
6.2.7. Hydrologic Change .......................................................................... 6-25
6.3. Geology .............................................................................................................. 6-28
6.3.1. Sources of Information .................................................................... 6-28
6.3.2. Regional Geologic Setting ............................................................... 6-42
6.3.3. Seismic Hazard ................................................................................ 6-61
6.3.4. Site Geology..................................................................................... 6-71
6.3.5. Dam Site Area Fault Rupture Evaluation ...................................... 6-104
6.3.6. Reservoir Geology ......................................................................... 6-115
7. SELECTION OF WATANA GENERAL ARRANGEMENT........................................ 7-1
7.1. Site Topography ................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2. Environmental Considerations ............................................................................. 7-2
7.3. Selection of Reservoir Levels .............................................................................. 7-4
7.4. Selection of the Inflow Design Flood .................................................................. 7-6
7.5. Selection of Installed Capacity ............................................................................ 7-6
7.5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 7-6
7.5.2. Future Railbelt Electrical System Reliability / Redundancy
Requirements ..................................................................................... 7-8
7.5.3. Selection of Powerhouse Total Installed Capacity ............................ 7-9
7.5.4. Generating Unit Selection and Capacity .......................................... 7-15
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7.5.5. Discussion and Selected Configuration ........................................... 7-23
7.6. Project Configuration Evaluation ...................................................................... 7-25
7.6.1. Dam .................................................................................................. 7-25
7.6.2. Diversion .......................................................................................... 7-28
7.6.3. Spillway ........................................................................................... 7-29
7.6.4. Power Facilities ................................................................................ 7-29
7.6.5. Summary of Comparison and Selection of RCC ............................. 7-30
8. SITE ACCESS PLAN...................................................................................................... 8-1
Background .......................................................................................................... 8-1 8.1.
Objectives ............................................................................................................ 8-2 8.2.
Approach .............................................................................................................. 8-2 8.3.
Corridor Selection and Evaluation ....................................................................... 8-2 8.4.
Description of Basic Plans ................................................................. 8-4 8.4.1.
Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 8-7 8.5.
Evolution of Access Plans ................................................................................. 8-11 8.6.
Access Plan for Estimate ................................................................................... 8-13 8.7.
Bridge at Site...................................................................................................... 8-13 8.8.
Railhead ............................................................................................................. 8-14 8.9.
Previous Studies and Site Selection ................................................. 8-14 8.9.1.
Transportation Methods ................................................................... 8-14 8.9.2.
Railway Cars .................................................................................... 8-15 8.9.3.
Transloading Facility – Cantwell Site.............................................. 8-16 8.9.4.
Railway Construction....................................................................... 8-16 8.9.5.
Gold Creek Site Alternative ............................................................. 8-17 8.9.6.
Chulitna Site Alternative.................................................................. 8-17 8.9.7.
Necessary Modifications to the Railroad ......................................... 8-17 8.9.8.
Other Potential Facilities.................................................................. 8-18 8.9.9.
Airstrip ............................................................................................................... 8-19 8.10.
Previous Siting ................................................................................. 8-19 8.10.1.
Airstrip Criteria ................................................................................ 8-19 8.10.2.
Selected Airport ............................................................................... 8-20 8.10.3.
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Runway Length and Width .............................................................. 8-21 8.10.4.
Approaches ...................................................................................... 8-21 8.10.5.
Runway Ends and Aprons ................................................................ 8-22 8.10.6.
Aircraft Operational Aids ................................................................ 8-23 8.10.7.
Facilities ........................................................................................... 8-23 8.10.8.
Summary .......................................................................................... 8-24 8.10.9.
Unconventional Access ...................................................................................... 8-24 8.11.
Hoverbarge ....................................................................................... 8-25 8.11.1.
CAT Trains ...................................................................................... 8-25 8.11.2.
Air Transport of Heavy Equipment ................................................. 8-25 8.11.3.
9. PROBABLE MAXIMUM PRECIPITATION AND PROBABLE MAXIMUM
FLOOD ............................................................................................................................ 9-1
9.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 9-1
9.2. Watershed Description ......................................................................................... 9-1
9.3. Historic Floods ..................................................................................................... 9-2
9.4. Hydrologic Model ................................................................................................ 9-3
9.5. Probable Maximum Precipitation ........................................................................ 9-4
9.6. Snowpack ............................................................................................................. 9-6
9.7. Coincident and Antecedent Conditions ............................................................... 9-9
9.8. Probable Maximum Flood Hydrograph ............................................................... 9-9
10. WATANA DEVELOPMENT DESCRIPTION ............................................................ 10-1
10.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 10-1
10.1.1. Site Survey and Mapping ................................................................. 10-1
10.1.2. Project General Arrangement .......................................................... 10-2
10.2. Site Facilities ...................................................................................................... 10-3
10.2.1. Location of Facilities ....................................................................... 10-4
10.2.2. Temporary Construction Camp........................................................ 10-5
10.2.3. Contractor Facilities ......................................................................... 10-7
10.2.4. Permanent Village ............................................................................ 10-7
10.2.5. Owner Offices .................................................................................. 10-8
10.2.6. Operators Accommodation .............................................................. 10-8
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10.2.7. Water Supply ................................................................................... 10-9
10.2.8. Wastewater Collection and Treatment ........................................... 10-15
10.2.9. Solid Waste Disposal ..................................................................... 10-18
10.2.10. Fire Protection System ................................................................... 10-20
10.3. Geotechnical Design Considerations ............................................................... 10-21
10.3.1. Engineering Geology ..................................................................... 10-21
10.3.2. Construction Materials Sources ..................................................... 10-42
10.3.3. Design and Construction Considerations ....................................... 10-45
10.3.4. Underground Excavations .............................................................. 10-59
10.3.5. Cofferdams ..................................................................................... 10-61
10.3.6. Watana Relict Channel .................................................................. 10-62
10.4. River Diversion ................................................................................................ 10-63
10.4.1. General ........................................................................................... 10-63
10.4.2. Criteria ........................................................................................... 10-63
10.4.3. Analytical Results .......................................................................... 10-65
10.4.4. Operation of Diversion .................................................................. 10-67
10.5. Dam – Layout Development ............................................................................ 10-69
10.5.1. General Methodology .................................................................... 10-69
10.5.2. Pre-application Document (PAD) Dam (Layout 1) ....................... 10-72
10.5.3. Optimization of Dam Configuration .............................................. 10-72
10.5.4. Curved Alignment Analysis ........................................................... 10-77
10.5.5. Analytical Development ................................................................ 10-79
10.5.6. Preliminary Design Criteria – Structural Analyses ........................ 10-80
10.5.7. Two-Dimensional Gravity Analysis .............................................. 10-81
10.5.8. Finite Element Modeling of Dam .................................................. 10-82
10.6. Dam – Preliminary Analysis ............................................................................ 10-83
10.6.1. Initial Dam Configuration (Layout 2) ............................................ 10-83
10.6.2. Revised Dam Configuration (Layout 3) ........................................ 10-99
10.6.3. 2nd Revised Dam Configuration (Layout 4) ............................... 10-114
10.6.4. Sensitivity to Foundation Conditions........................................... 10-129
10.6.5. Discussion on Analysis without Foundation Mass ...................... 10-130
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10.6.6. Modeling of Fluid Structure Interaction ...................................... 10-133
10.7. Dam – Final Modeling including FSI, Foundation Mass and Damping ........ 10-134
10.7.1. Final Dam Layout (Layout 4 – Modified) ................................... 10-134
10.7.2. LS-DYNA Analysis Software...................................................... 10-134
10.7.3. Selection of Time Histories for Final Modeling .......................... 10-137
10.7.4. Methodology of Structural Analysis ............................................ 10-154
10.7.5. Conclusions .................................................................................. 10-175
10.8. RCC Placement .............................................................................................. 10-177
10.8.1. RCC and Aggregate Quantities / Production ............................... 10-177
10.8.2. RCC Placement Sequencing ........................................................ 10-178
10.9. Dam – Thermal Considerations ..................................................................... 10-186
10.9.1. General ......................................................................................... 10-186
10.9.2. Transverse Joints .......................................................................... 10-186
10.9.3. Abutment Temperature ................................................................ 10-187
10.9.4. Insulation Requirements .............................................................. 10-187
10.9.5. Control of Mixing and Placing Temperatures ............................. 10-188
10.9.6. Preliminary Simplified Thermal Analysis ................................... 10-188
10.10. Instrumentation .............................................................................................. 10-196
10.10.1. General ......................................................................................... 10-196
10.10.2. Dam .............................................................................................. 10-197
10.10.3. Rock Slopes and Abutments ........................................................ 10-200
10.10.4. Relict Channel .............................................................................. 10-201
10.11. Freeboard ....................................................................................................... 10-201
10.11.1. Analysis........................................................................................ 10-201
10.11.2. Wind Speed .................................................................................. 10-202
10.11.3. Wave Run Up and Set Up ............................................................ 10-203
10.12. Spillway ......................................................................................................... 10-210
10.12.1. Radial Gates and Operators ......................................................... 10-214
10.12.2. Spillway Bulkheads ..................................................................... 10-215
10.12.3. Spillway Gantry Crane ................................................................. 10-216
10.13. Emergency Release Facilities ........................................................................ 10-216
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10.14. Outlet Facilities .............................................................................................. 10-218
10.14.1. Intake............................................................................................ 10-218
10.14.2. Intake Gate ................................................................................... 10-219
10.14.3. Intake Bulkheads .......................................................................... 10-219
10.14.4. Intake Trashracks ......................................................................... 10-220
10.14.5. Gantry Crane ................................................................................ 10-220
10.14.6. Pipes and Manifold ...................................................................... 10-220
10.14.7. Discharge Structure ...................................................................... 10-220
10.14.8. Fixed-Cone Discharge Valves ..................................................... 10-221
10.14.9. Butterfly Valves ........................................................................... 10-222
10.14.10. Monorail Hoist ............................................................................. 10-223
10.14.11. Bridge Crane ................................................................................ 10-223
10.14.12. Discharge Area............................................................................. 10-223
10.15. Fish Passage Considerations .......................................................................... 10-223
10.16. Power Intake .................................................................................................. 10-223
10.16.1. Intake Gates and Operators .......................................................... 10-224
10.16.2. Intake Bulkheads .......................................................................... 10-225
10.16.3. Intake Shutters ............................................................................. 10-225
10.16.4. Intake Trashracks ......................................................................... 10-226
10.16.5. Intake Gantry Crane ..................................................................... 10-226
10.17. Penstocks........................................................................................................ 10-227
10.18. Powerhouse .................................................................................................... 10-228
10.18.1. General Arrangement ................................................................... 10-228
10.18.2. Turbine Inlet Valve ...................................................................... 10-229
10.19. Turbines ......................................................................................................... 10-230
10.19.1. Turbine Components .................................................................... 10-231
10.19.2. Governing System ........................................................................ 10-232
10.20. Generators ...................................................................................................... 10-232
10.20.1. General ......................................................................................... 10-232
10.20.2. Configuration and Ratings ........................................................... 10-233
10.20.3. Generator Structure ...................................................................... 10-233
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10.21. Exciter ............................................................................................................ 10-238
10.22. Generator Step-up Transformers.................................................................... 10-238
10.22.1. General ......................................................................................... 10-238
10.22.2. Ratings and Characteristics .......................................................... 10-238
10.22.3. Tank ............................................................................................. 10-239
10.22.4. Base .............................................................................................. 10-239
10.22.5. Core Assembly ............................................................................. 10-239
10.22.6. Winding........................................................................................ 10-240
10.22.7. Bushings ....................................................................................... 10-240
10.22.8. Surge Arresters............................................................................. 10-240
10.22.9. Accessories .................................................................................. 10-240
10.22.10. Oil Preservation System ............................................................... 10-241
10.22.11. Cooling System ............................................................................ 10-241
10.23. Unit Protection and Control System .............................................................. 10-241
10.23.1. General ......................................................................................... 10-241
10.23.2. System Configuration .................................................................. 10-242
10.23.3. Unit Control Panel ....................................................................... 10-243
10.23.4. Control Room Operations ............................................................ 10-244
10.23.5. Unit Protection ............................................................................. 10-245
10.23.6. Station Monitoring ....................................................................... 10-246
10.23.7. Instrumentation Cabinet ............................................................... 10-246
10.23.8. Distributed Input / Output ............................................................ 10-247
10.23.9. HMI Terminals............................................................................. 10-247
10.24. Miscellaneous Mechanical Equipment .......................................................... 10-249
10.24.1. Powerhouse Bridge Crane ............................................................ 10-249
10.24.2. Draft Tube Bulkheads .................................................................. 10-249
10.24.3. Draft Tube Gantry Crane ............................................................. 10-250
10.24.4. Station Drainage System .............................................................. 10-250
10.24.5. Unit Dewatering System .............................................................. 10-250
10.24.6. Station Raw Water System .......................................................... 10-250
10.24.7. Compressed Air System ............................................................... 10-251
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10.24.8. HVAC Systems ............................................................................ 10-251
10.24.9. Standby Generator ....................................................................... 10-251
10.25. Accessory Electrical Equipment .................................................................... 10-251
10.25.1. Powerhouse Alternating Current System ..................................... 10-251
10.25.2. Powerhouse DC System ............................................................... 10-251
10.25.3. Powerhouse Lighting ................................................................... 10-252
10.25.4. Powerhouse Grounding System ................................................... 10-252
10.26. Switchyard Structures and Equipment ........................................................... 10-252
10.26.1. Switchyard Arrangement ............................................................. 10-252
10.26.2. Circuit Breakers ........................................................................... 10-253
10.26.3. Instrument Transformers .............................................................. 10-253
10.26.4. Bus, Overhead Lines and Structures ............................................ 10-253
10.26.5. Grounding .................................................................................... 10-254
10.26.6. Control House .............................................................................. 10-254
10.27. Reservoir ........................................................................................................ 10-255
10.27.1. Reservoir Clearing ....................................................................... 10-255
10.28. Relict Channel Treatment .............................................................................. 10-255
10.28.1. Surface Flows............................................................................... 10-255
10.28.2. Subsurface Flows ......................................................................... 10-256
10.28.3. Permafrost .................................................................................... 10-256
10.28.4. Liquefaction ................................................................................. 10-256
10.28.5. Remedial Work Influence on Construction Schedules ................ 10-257
10.28.6. Relict Channel Treatment ............................................................ 10-257
11. TRANSMISSION AND INTERCONNECTION FACILITIES ................................... 11-1
11.1. Electric System Studies...................................................................................... 11-1
11.1.1. General ............................................................................................. 11-1
11.1.2. Transmission Study Assumptions .................................................... 11-1
11.1.3. Study Criteria ................................................................................... 11-2
11.1.4. System Study Methodology ............................................................. 11-4
11.1.5. Results .............................................................................................. 11-6
11.1.6. Future Studies .................................................................................. 11-9
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11.2. Corridor Selection ............................................................................................ 11-10
11.2.1. General ........................................................................................... 11-10
11.2.2. Evaluation Criteria ......................................................................... 11-11
11.2.3. Route Alternatives ......................................................................... 11-12
11.3. Towers, Foundations and Conductors.............................................................. 11-13
11.4. Interconnections ............................................................................................... 11-13
11.4.1. Substation Costs ............................................................................. 11-14
11.4.2. BESS Costs .................................................................................... 11-14
11.5. Comparative Costs ........................................................................................... 11-17
12. PROJECT OPERATION AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION ..................................... 12-1
12.1. Proposed Project Operation ............................................................................... 12-2
12.1.1. Background ...................................................................................... 12-2
12.1.2. Environmental Flows ....................................................................... 12-3
12.1.3. Reservoir Operation ......................................................................... 12-4
12.1.4. Operating Scenario......................................................................... 12-10
12.2. Project Generation ........................................................................................... 12-18
12.3. Downstream River Flows and Depths ............................................................. 12-22
13. CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY AND ESTIMATES OF COST....................... 13-1
13.1. General ............................................................................................................... 13-1
13.2. Estimating Methodology – Construction ........................................................... 13-5
13.2.1. Basis of Pricing ................................................................................ 13-5
13.2.2. Estimate Classification..................................................................... 13-5
13.2.3. Estimating / Scheduling Methodology or System ........................... 13-7
13.2.4. Estimating Accuracy and Contingency ............................................ 13-8
13.2.5. Quantities ......................................................................................... 13-8
13.2.6. Significant Assumptions .................................................................. 13-9
13.2.7. Direct Cost Development ................................................................. 13-9
13.2.8. Indirect Costs ................................................................................. 13-10
13.2.9. Estimate Add-Ons .......................................................................... 13-10
13.2.10. Labor Rate ...................................................................................... 13-10
13.2.11. Equipment Rate .............................................................................. 13-10
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13.2.12. Escalation ....................................................................................... 13-11
13.2.13. Allowances and Contingency ........................................................ 13-11
13.2.14. Market Conditions ......................................................................... 13-11
13.2.15. Construction and Contracting Aspects........................................... 13-11
13.3. Assumed Construction Methodology .............................................................. 13-13
13.3.1. General ........................................................................................... 13-13
13.3.2. Main Access Road ......................................................................... 13-14
13.3.3. Railroad Offloading Facility .......................................................... 13-18
13.3.4. Camp and Airstrip Civil Works ..................................................... 13-20
13.3.5. Supply and Erect Camp ................................................................. 13-23
13.3.6. Main Civil Works Construction ..................................................... 13-25
13.3.7. Turbine and Generator Supply Contract ........................................ 13-32
13.3.8. Transmission Line and Interconnection ......................................... 13-35
13.3.9. Site and Reservoir Clearing ........................................................... 13-37
13.3.10. Air Transport Services ................................................................... 13-39
13.3.11. Railroad Operations ....................................................................... 13-41
13.3.12. Camp Operation ............................................................................. 13-44
13.3.13. Medical Services ............................................................................ 13-46
13.3.14. Service Contracts – Manpower ...................................................... 13-46
13.3.15. Construction Manpower – All Contracts ....................................... 13-47
13.3.16. Logistics ......................................................................................... 13-48
13.4. Construction Cost Estimate Derivation ........................................................... 13-50
13.4.1. First Read of Estimate .................................................................... 13-52
13.4.2. Second Read of Estimate ............................................................... 13-53
13.4.3. Final Draft Construction Cost Estimate ......................................... 13-55
13.5. Non Construction Costs ................................................................................... 13-56
13.5.1. General ........................................................................................... 13-56
13.5.2. Cost Items ...................................................................................... 13-57
13.5.3. Derivation of Non-Construction Costs .......................................... 13-57
13.6. Total Project Cost Estimate ............................................................................. 13-60
13.7. Cashflow .......................................................................................................... 13-60
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13.8. Cost Variability Analysis ................................................................................. 13-61
13.9. Risk Analysis ................................................................................................... 13-65
13.10. Operation and Maintenance Plan and Budget .................................................. 13-65
13.10.1. Operation and Maintenance Plan ................................................... 13-66
13.10.2. Site Staffing ................................................................................... 13-67
13.10.3. Power Dispatch Arrangements and Staffing .................................. 13-67
13.10.4. Annual Operation and Maintenance Budget .................................. 13-68
13.10.5. Annual General and Administrative Budget .................................. 13-68
13.10.6. Environmental Monitoring and Compliance ................................. 13-69
13.10.7. Special Considerations in the Early Years ..................................... 13-69
14. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES ........................................... 14-1
14.1. Preparation of Schedules.................................................................................... 14-1
14.1.1. Calendar ........................................................................................... 14-2
14.1.2. Constraints ....................................................................................... 14-3
14.1.3. Individual Contract Schedules ......................................................... 14-3
14.2. Construction Schedule Derivation ................................................................... 14-13
14.2.1. General ........................................................................................... 14-13
14.2.2. Potential Early Works .................................................................... 14-14
14.2.3. Schedule Notes............................................................................... 14-15
15. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 15-1
15.1. Conclusions ........................................................................................................ 15-1
15.1.1. Technical Feasibility ........................................................................ 15-1
15.1.2. Economic Feasibility ....................................................................... 15-5
15.1.3. Environmental Considerations ......................................................... 15-6
15.2. Recommendations .............................................................................................. 15-7
15.2.1. Funding ............................................................................................ 15-7
15.2.2. Geotechnical .................................................................................... 15-7
15.2.3. Engineering ...................................................................................... 15-7
15.2.4. Procurement Plan ............................................................................. 15-7
15.2.5. Integrated System Studies ................................................................ 15-7
15.2.6. Centralized Dispatch Planning ......................................................... 15-8
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16. PRELIMINARY DESIGN CRITERIA ...............................................................................1
17. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 17-1
Table of Figures
Figure 1.1-1. General Location ................................................................................................... 1-2
Figure 1.1-2. Watana Dam Site on Susitna River, Looking Upstream ....................................... 1-3
Figure 1.1-3. Site Plan ................................................................................................................ 1-4
Figure 1.6-1. Proposed Watana Dam Site, Looking Upstream................................................. 1-16
Figure 1.6-2. Dam Arrangement ............................................................................................... 1-17
Figure 4.3-1. Scenario 1A: Capacity Requirements Including Committed Units with
DSM/EE ....................................................................................................................................... 4-5
Figure 4.3-2. Scenario 1A: Capacity Requirements Including Committed Units without
DSM/EE ....................................................................................................................................... 4-5
Figure 5.7-1. Overall Impact of Susitna-Watana Project on Railbelt Annual Generation
Costs ........................................................................................................................................... 5-15
Figure 6.1-1. Monthly Average Precipitation ............................................................................. 6-2
Figure 6.1-2. Average Temperatures .......................................................................................... 6-3
Figure 6.2-1. Susitna Watershed Boundary and USGS Gage Locations .................................... 6-5
Figure 6.2-2. Susitna Watershed USGS Flow Data – Chronological Availability ..................... 6-6
Figure 6.2-3. Average Monthly Flows in the Susitna Watershed ............................................... 6-8
Figure 6.2-4. Susitna River Flow Frequency at Cantwell ......................................................... 6-10
Figure 6.2-5. Susitna River Flow Duration at Cantwell ........................................................... 6-11
Figure 6.2-6. Susitna River Flow Frequency at Gold Creek..................................................... 6-13
Figure 6.2-7. Flow Duration Curve for the Susitna River at Gold Creek ................................. 6-14
Figure 6.2-8. Modeled Susitna River Flow Frequency at Watana Dam ................................... 6-17
Figure 6.2-9. Modeled Susitna River Flow Duration at Watana Dam...................................... 6-18
Figure 6.2-10. Log Pearson Type III Flood Frequency Plot for the Susitna River at
Cantwell ..................................................................................................................................... 6-20
Figure 6.2-11. Log Pearson Type III Flood Frequency Plot for the Susitna River at Gold
Creek .......................................................................................................................................... 6-22
Figure 6.2-12. Average Annual Flow Distribution for the Susitna River ................................. 6-24
Figure 6.2-13. Watana Reservoir Annual Inflows and Trendline ............................................. 6-25
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Figure 6.2-14. Example Month with Trend toward Increasing Flows – April ......................... 6-26
Figure 6.2-15. Example Month with Trend toward Decreasing Inflows – June ....................... 6-27
Figure 6.3-1. Major Physiographic Provinces .......................................................................... 6-43
Figure 6.3-2. Regional Tectonic Terranes and Basins – Part 1 of 2 ......................................... 6-45
Figure 6.3-3. Regional Tectonic Terranes and Basins – Part 2 of 2 ......................................... 6-46
Figure 6.3-4. Schematic Evolution of South-Central Alaska ................................................... 6-48
Figure 6.3-5. Correlations of Cenozoic Tectonic, Magmatic, and Sedimentary Events in
South-Central Alaska ................................................................................................................. 6-49
Figure 6.3-6. Acres Geologic Map Updated With Observations from 2014 ............................ 6-51
Figure 6.3-7. Acres Geologic Map Updated With Observations from 2014 ............................ 6-52
Figure 6.3-8. Tectonic Setting of South-Central Alaska During the 1964 Earthquake ............ 6-53
Figure 6.3-9. Map View of Slab Planes .................................................................................... 6-55
Figure 6.3-10. Schematic Showing Subducting Slab Geometry............................................... 6-56
Figure 6.3-11. South-Central Alaska Regional Faults .............................................................. 6-57
Figure 6.3-12. Denali Fault Characterization ........................................................................... 6-58
Figure 6.3-13. Castle Mountain Fault Characterization ............................................................ 6-59
Figure 6.3-14. Late Wisconsin Glacial Limits and Age Control .............................................. 6-61
Figure 6.3-15. Seismicity within the Susitna-Watana Seismic Network Project Area,
November 16, 2012 to December 31, 2013 ............................................................................... 6-67
Figure 6.3-16. Seismicity Section A-A’, November 16, 2012 to December 31, 2013 ............. 6-68
Figure 6.3-17. USGS Shake Map for 2002 Denali Earthquake ................................................ 6-71
Figure 6.3-18. Shear Zone in Outcrop at GF1. ......................................................................... 6-78
Figure 6.3-19. Close-up of 3 to 4 ft. Wide Shear Zone at GF1 ................................................ 6-79
Figure 6.3-20. Northwest Trending Gully of GF4B ................................................................. 6-83
Figure 6.3-21. North-northwest Trending Gully of GF4B ....................................................... 6-84
Figure 6.3-22. Rock Core from DH12-3 with Closely Fractured Rock and Shear Zone at
Depth of about 179 ft. ................................................................................................................ 6-85
Figure 6.3-23. 75 ft. High Cliff on Right Abutment Forming the Downstream
(Southwest) Boundary of GF5 ................................................................................................... 6-86
Figure 6.3-24. Rock Core from DH14-11 with Closely Fractured Rock and Shear Zone at
Depth of about 102 ft. ................................................................................................................ 6-89
Figure 6.3-25. GF1 Located 2,200 ft. Upstream of the Dam Axis ........................................... 6-90
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Figure 6.3-26. Narrow Gully in Area of GF1 ........................................................................... 6-91
Figure 6.3-27. Subhorizontal Slickensides along Outcrop Surface near GF7Q ....................... 6-95
Figure 6.3-28. Narrow Shear Zone with Slickensides, Calcite Filling in DH14-10 at a
Depth of 507 ft. .......................................................................................................................... 6-97
Figure 6.3-29. Close-up of Shear Zone with Slickensides in DH14-10 at Depth of 507 ft. ..... 6-97
Figure 6.3-30. Gully Downstream (west) Boundary of GF5 on the North Bank ..................... 6-98
Figure 6.3-31. Shear Zone near BS 36, Main Shear Zone on Right with Inclined Shear
Zone Splay ............................................................................................................................... 6-100
Figure 6.3-32. Shear/Alteration Zone at BS27 Cross-cut by Felsic Dike ............................... 6-101
Figure 6.3-33. Continuous, Thin, Joint extending through a Healed Shear/Alteration
Zone ......................................................................................................................................... 6-102
Figure 6.3-34. Crustal Stress Orientations and Strain Ellipses ............................................... 6-109
Figure 7.5-1. Susitna-Watana Hourly Generation from PROMOD ......................................... 7-13
Figure 7.5-2. Susitna-Watana Hourly Generation Duration Based on PROMOD Results ...... 7-13
Figure 7.5-3. Powerhouse for 6 x 100 MW Units..................................................................... 7-19
Figure 7.5-4. Powerhouse for 4 x 150 MW Units..................................................................... 7-20
Figure 8.10-1. Wind Rose Full Year ......................................................................................... 8-21
Figure 8.10-2. Safe Aircraft Approach Surfaces ...................................................................... 8-22
Figure 9.3-1. Susitna Watershed Boundary and USGS Gage Locations .................................... 9-2
Figure 9.4-1. Susitna Watershed Sub-Basins .............................................................................. 9-3
Figure 9.5-1. Incremental and Accumulated All-Season PMP – August 1967 Temporal
Distribution .................................................................................................................................. 9-6
Figure 9.8-1. PMF Inflow, Outflow, and Reservoir Elevation ................................................. 9-11
Figure 10.3-1. Lower Hemisphere, Equal Angle Stereograph Plots of Principal Joint Sets
from Surface Mapping ............................................................................................................. 10-33
Figure 10.3-2. Lower Hemisphere, Equal Angle Stereograph Plots of Principal Joint Sets
from Downhole Logging.......................................................................................................... 10-33
Figure 10.3-3. Evaluation of Shallow Joints from Downhole Logs ....................................... 10-36
Figure 10.3-4. Schematic Rock Block within the Abutment of an Arch Dam ....................... 10-47
Figure 10.3-5. Plan, Left Abutment Wedges 1a and 1b.......................................................... 10-48
Figure 10.3-6. Plan, Left Abutment Wedges 2a and 2b.......................................................... 10-49
Figure 10.3-7. Schematic Profile along Dam Axis Left Abutment showing Wedges 1a,
1b 2a and 2b; Scale of Wedge Boundaries is Approximate..................................................... 10-50
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Figure 10.3-8. ANSYS Foundation Models Showing Principal Bedrock Zones ................... 10-55
Figure 10.4-1. Tailwater Rating Curve at Dam Site ............................................................... 10-65
Figure 10.4-2. Derived Diversion Scheme Rating Curve ....................................................... 10-67
Figure 10.5-1. RCC Dam Configuration Evolution ................................................................ 10-71
Figure 10.5-2. RCC Volume, Dam Layouts 2 and 3 showing Layout 4 before
Optimization ............................................................................................................................ 10-75
Figure 10.5-3. Typical Elements Used in the Trial Load Method .......................................... 10-78
Figure 10.6-1. Layout 2 (Dam J) – Crown Cantilever Stresses .............................................. 10-85
Figure 10.6-2. Finite Element Model Upstream Side (Layout 2) ........................................... 10-87
Figure 10.6-3. Finite Element Model Downstream Side (Layout 2) ...................................... 10-87
Figure 10.6-4. Response Spectra for Watana Dam Site.......................................................... 10-89
Figure 10.6-5. Mode Shapes – First Six Vibration Modes (Dam Layout 2) .......................... 10-96
Figure 10.6-6. Layout 3 – Static Loads – Cantilever Stresses at the Crown Cantilever ....... 10-101
Figure 10.6-7. Layout 3 – Static Loads – Horizontal Stresses at the Crown Cantilever ...... 10-102
Figure 10.6-8. Finite Element Model of the Dam (Layout 3) ............................................... 10-104
Figure 10.6-9. Vertical Cantilever Stress – Upstream Face (Layout 3) ................................ 10-105
Figure 10.6-10. Vertical Cantilever Stress – Downstream Face (Layout 3) ......................... 10-105
Figure 10.6-11. Horizontal Stress – Upstream Face (Layout 3) ........................................... 10-106
Figure 10.6-12. Horizontal Stress – Downstream Face (Layout 3) ...................................... 10-106
Figure 10.6-13. Envelope of Maximum Tensile Cantilever Stress due to IWT010
Earthquake – U/S View (Layout 3) ....................................................................................... 10-108
Figure 10.6-14 Envelope of Maximum Tensile Cantilever Stress due to IWT010
Earthquake – D/S View (Layout 3) ....................................................................................... 10-109
Figure 10.6-15. Envelope of Maximum Compressive Cantilever Stresses due to IWT010
Earthquake – U/S View (Layout 3) ....................................................................................... 10-109
Figure 10.6-16. Envelope of Maximum Compressive Cantilever Stresses due to IWT010
Earthquake – D/S View (Layout 3) ....................................................................................... 10-110
Figure 10.6-17. Residual Sliding Displacement at the end of IWT010 Earthquake
looking d/s (Layout 3) ............................................................................................................ 10-111
Figure 10.6-18. Envelope of Max. and Min. Cantilever Stresses in Crown Cantilever for
Layout 3 for Selected Events ................................................................................................. 10-112
Figure 10.6-19. Cantilever Stresses at the Crown Cantilever (Layout 4) ............................. 10-116
Figure 10.6-20. Horizontal Stresses at the Crown Cantilever (Layout 4) ............................ 10-117
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Figure 10.6-21. Finite Element Model of Layout 4 .............................................................. 10-118
Figure 10.6-22. First Four Vibration Mode Shapes (Dam Layout 4) ................................... 10-121
Figure 10.6-23. Envelope of Maximum Tensile Cantilever Stresses due to IWT010 Event
– U/S view (Layout 4)............................................................................................................ 10-122
Figure 10.6-24. Envelope of Maximum Tensile Cantilever Stresses due to IWT010 Event
– D/S view (Layout 4)............................................................................................................ 10-123
Figure 10.6-25. Residual Sliding Displacement of the Dam at the End of IWT010 Event
looking D/S (Layout 4) .......................................................................................................... 10-124
Figure 10.6-26. Envelope of Maximum and Minimum Stresses in Crown Cantilever for
Layout 4 ................................................................................................................................. 10-125
Figure 10.6-27. RCC Volume vs Elevation (Layout 4) ........................................................ 10-129
Figure 10.6-28. Effect of Foundation Deformation Modulus on Maximum/Minimum
Stresses (Layout 4) ................................................................................................................. 10-130
Figure 10.6-29. FE Model of Dam Layout 4 with Fluid 80 Acoustical Elements to
represent Reservoir ................................................................................................................ 10-134
Figure 10.7-1. Plan and Elevation of Dam Layout 4 – Modified ......................................... 10-136
Figure 10.7-2. Sections of Layout 4 – Modified ................................................................... 10-137
Figure 10.7-3. Design Response Spectra .............................................................................. 10-139
Figure 10.7-4. Intraslab M8.0 – 69th Percentile Design Response Spectra and Intraslab
M7.5 – 84th Percentile Design Response Spectra .................................................................. 10-141
Figure 10.7-5. Interface M9.3 – 88th Percentile Design Response Spectra .......................... 10-142
Figure 10.7-6. Crustal M7.0 – 84th Percentile Design Response Spectra ............................. 10-143
Figure 10.7-7. OBE Response Spectra and Scaled Crustal Event ........................................ 10-154
Figure 10.7-8. AutoCAD Inventor Model – simplified for use in Finite Element Analysis 10-159
Figure 10.7-9. 3-D View of Model Developed in LS-DYNA .............................................. 10-160
Figure 10.7-10. Enlarged 3-D View of LS-DYNA Model ................................................... 10-160
Figure 10.7-11. Maximum Vertical Stresses in U/S Face of Crown Cantilever Monolith
During MCE........................................................................................................................... 10-164
Figure 10.7-12. Maximum Vertical Stresses in D/S Face of Crown Cantilever Monolith
During MCE........................................................................................................................... 10-165
Figure 10.7-13. Maximum Principal Stresses in D/S Face of Crown Cantilever Monolith
During MCE........................................................................................................................... 10-165
Figure 10.7-14. Time History of Normal Stress at the Peak Stress Point in U/S Face
During MYG Event................................................................................................................ 10-166
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Figure 10.7-15. Maximum Vertical Tensile Stress on Upstream Face of the Dam during
MYG Event ............................................................................................................................ 10-167
Figure 10.7-16. Time History of Principal Stress at the Peak Stress Point in D/S Face
During Four MCE Events ...................................................................................................... 10-168
Figure 10.7-17. Maximum Principal Tensile Stress on Downstream Face and Crown
Cantilever Monolith of the During MYG Event .................................................................... 10-169
Figure 10.7-18. Monoliths Numbering ................................................................................. 10-170
Figure 10.7-19. Dam Base Sliding Displacement During MYG Earthquake ....................... 10-171
Figure 10.7-20. Dam Base Sliding Displacement During STTEC Earthquake .................... 10-172
Figure 10.7-21. Dam Base Sliding Displacement During CURI Earthquake ....................... 10-172
Figure 10.7-22. Dam Base Sliding Displacement During GIL Earthquake ......................... 10-173
Figure 10.8-1. Seasonal Sequence of RCC Placement ......................................................... 10-179
Figure 10.8-2. Season 1 RCC Placement : Right Abutment ................................................. 10-180
Figure 10.8-3. Season 1 RCC Placement : Left Abutment ................................................... 10-180
Figure 10.8-4. Season 2 RCC Placement : Middle Dam Section ......................................... 10-181
Figure 10.8-5. RCC Layer Volume vs Elevation .................................................................. 10-182
Figure 10.8-6. Season 3 RCC Placement : Middle Dam Section ......................................... 10-183
Figure 10.8-7. Season 4 RCC Placement : Middle Dam Section ......................................... 10-183
Figure 10.8-8. Season 5 RCC Placement : Middle Dam Section ......................................... 10-184
Figure 10.8-9. Season 5 RCC Placement : Right Abutment ................................................. 10-185
Figure 10.8-10. Season 5 RCC Placement : Left Abutment ................................................. 10-185
Figure 10.9-1. Susitna River Estimated Mean Monthly Water Temperature near Gold
Creek ...................................................................................................................................... 10-190
Figure 10.9-2. 3-D Finite Element Model of the Dam for Simplified Thermal Analysis .... 10-192
Figure 10.9-3. 2-D Finite Element Model of the Dam for Simplified Thermal Analysis .... 10-193
Figure 10.9-4. Location of LIFT 55 Used for Surface Cracking Calculations ..................... 10-194
Figure 10.9-5. LIFT 55 Temperature Profile ........................................................................ 10-195
Figure 10.11-1. Wind Speed Frequency ............................................................................... 10-202
Figure 10.11-2. Return Period Wind Speeds ........................................................................ 10-203
Figure 10.11-3. Effective Fetch Calculation ......................................................................... 10-204
Figure 10.11-4. Effect of a Clapotis Adjacent to a Vertical Face ......................................... 10-207
Figure 10.11-5. Wave Run-up and Set-up and Wind Speed Frequency ............................... 10-208
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Figure 10.11-6. Wave Run-up and Set-up and Wind Speed Relationship ............................ 10-209
Figure 10.12-1. Routed PMF Flow through Four Fully Open Gates – Plunge Pool
Location 1 .............................................................................................................................. 10-212
Figure 10.12-2. Routed PMF Flow through Four Fully Open Gates – Plunge Pool
Location 2 .............................................................................................................................. 10-212
Figure 10.12-3. Two Gates Open – Discharging 60,000 cfs – Center Wall Height
Determination ........................................................................................................................ 10-213
Figure 10.12-4. Two Gates Open – Discharging 60,000 cfs – Unbalanced Flow ................ 10-213
Figure 10.13-1. CFD Model of 30,000 cfs Flow in Emergency Outlet ................................ 10-217
Figure 11.4-1. Typical Intertie Connection............................................................................. 11-15
Figure 11.4-2. Typical Layout of the Substation Interconnection .......................................... 11-16
Figure 12.1-1. Minimum Environmental Flows and Average Natural Monthly Flows at
Gold Creek ................................................................................................................................. 12-4
Figure 12.1-2. Watana Reservoir Elevation-Area-Capacity Table ........................................... 12-7
Figure 12.1-3. Daily Reservoir Elevations ............................................................................... 12-8
Figure 12.1-4. Tailwater Rating Curve ..................................................................................... 12-9
Figure 12.1-5. Intermediate Hourly Load Following Operation for an Average Water
Year .......................................................................................................................................... 12-13
Figure 12.2-1. Annual Average Generation Potential ............................................................ 12-20
Figure 12.2-2. Comparison of Susitna-Watana and Total Railbelt Monthly Generation
Pattern ...................................................................................................................................... 12-20
Figure 12.2-3. Modeled Susitna-Watana Powerhouse Hourly Generation Duration Curve... 12-21
Figure 12.2-4. Modeled Hourly Susitna-Watana Generation for an Average Water Year ..... 12-21
Figure 12.3-1. Monthly Average Natural and Modeled Post-Project Flows in the Susitna
River at Gold Creek ................................................................................................................. 12-22
Figure 12.3-2. USGS Surveyed Cross-Section at Gold Creek................................................ 12-23
Figure 12.3-3. Recorded and Simulated Susitna River at Gold Creek Stage Comparison ..... 12-24
Figure 13.2-1. Variability in Accuracy Ranges for a Hydropower Estimate – from AACE
69R-12........................................................................................................................................ 13-7
Figure 13.3-1. Permanent Access Road Manpower ................................................................ 13-17
Figure 13.3-2. Rail Siding Construction Manpower ............................................................... 13-19
Figure 13.3-3. Camp and Airstrip Civil Works Manpower .................................................... 13-22
Figure 13.3-4. Camp and Airstrip Building Manpower .......................................................... 13-24
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Figure 13.3-5. Seasonal Sequence of RCC Placement ........................................................... 13-28
Figure 13.3-6. Construction of Powerhouse Substructure within a Protected Environment .. 13-30
Figure 13.3-7. Main Civil Works Manpower ......................................................................... 13-31
Figure 13.3-8. Transformer Transport by Rail........................................................................ 13-33
Figure 13.3-9. Transformer Transport by Road ...................................................................... 13-34
Figure 13.3-10. Turbine and Generator Manpower ................................................................ 13-35
Figure 13.3-11. Transmission Line and Interconnection Manpower ...................................... 13-37
Figure 13.3-12. Clearing Manpower ....................................................................................... 13-39
Figure 13.3-13. Talkeetna River Bridge ................................................................................. 13-43
Figure 13.3-14. Total Construction Manpower All Projects .................................................. 13-45
Figure 13.3-15. All Services Contracts Manpower ................................................................ 13-47
Figure 13.3-16. Total Construction Manpower All Contracts ................................................ 13-48
Figure 13.7-1. Cash flow of Construction and Service Contracts .......................................... 13-61
Figure 13.8-1. Construction Cost S Curve .............................................................................. 13-63
Figure 13.8-2. Non-Construction Cost S Curve...................................................................... 13-64
Figure 13.8-3. Total Project Cost S Curve .............................................................................. 13-65
Figure 14.1-1. Clearing Construction Schedule ........................................................................ 14-5
Figure 14.1-2. Permanent Access Road Construction Schedule............................................... 14-6
Figure 14.1-3. Rail Siding Construction Schedule ................................................................... 14-7
Figure 14.1-4. Camp and Airstrip Civil Works Construction Schedule ................................... 14-8
Figure 14.1-5. Camp and Airstrip Building Construction Schedule ......................................... 14-9
Figure 14.1-6. Main Civil Construction Schedule .................................................................. 14-12
Figure 14.2-1. Rolligon – Low Ground Pressure Vehicle ...................................................... 14-15
Figure 14.2-2. Susitna-Watana Engineering and Construction Schedule: Critical Path......... 14-17
Table of Tables
Table 1.8-1. Principal Project Parameters................................................................................. 1-25
Table 4.1-1. Railbelt Installed Capacity 2009 ............................................................................ 4-2
Table 4.3-1. Potential Economic Development Projects ............................................................ 4-6
Table 5.4-1. Existing Generating Units on the Railbelt System, 2014 ....................................... 5-3
Table 5.7-1. Railbelt Demand and Energy Forecasts ............................................................... 5-13
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Table 5.7-2. Railbelt Electrical Energy Sources in 2024 .......................................................... 5-14
Table 5.7-3. Variable Cost Savings Due to Susitna-Watana Project ........................................ 5-14
Table 5.7-4. Railbelt Demand and Energy Forecasts – 2013 ................................................... 5-17
Table 5.7-5. Future Generating Plant Reserves with and without Susitna-Watana Project
– 2013 Forecast .......................................................................................................................... 5-18
Table 5.7-6. Future Generating Plant with and without Susitna-Watana Project – 2013
Forecast ...................................................................................................................................... 5-19
Table 5.7-7. Comparison of Natural Gas Supplies for Scenarios Studied in 2012 ................... 5-20
Table 5.7-8. Total Annual System Production Cost Impact of Susitna-Watana Project .......... 5-21
Table 5.7-9. AEA Financing Plan 3 .......................................................................................... 5-21
Table 5.7-10 Total System Production Cost Impact of Susitna-Watana Project ...................... 5-23
Table 6.1-1. Monthly Precipitation ............................................................................................. 6-1
Table 6.1-2. Maximum, Minimum, and Average Monthly Temperatures ................................. 6-2
Table 6.2-1. USGS Streamflow Gages in the Susitna Watershed .............................................. 6-4
Table 6.2-2. Average Monthly Flows at Selected USGS Gages in the Susitna Watershed ....... 6-7
Table 6.2-3. Flow Frequency at USGS Gage 15291500 – Susitna River near Cantwell ........... 6-9
Table 6.2-4. Flow Frequency at USGS Gage 15292000 – Susitna River at Gold Creek ......... 6-12
Table 6.2-5. Modeled Monthly Average Flow at the Watana Dam Site .................................. 6-15
Table 6.2-6. Modeled Flow Frequency at the Watana Dam Site .............................................. 6-16
Table 6.2-7. Peak Annual Flows in the Susitna River at Cantwell ........................................... 6-19
Table 6.2-8. Calculated Flood Frequency for the Susitna River at Cantwell ........................... 6-20
Table 6.2-9. Peak Annual Flows in the Susitna River at Gold Creek ....................................... 6-21
Table 6.2-10. Calculated Flood Frequency for the Susitna River at Gold Creek ..................... 6-22
Table 6.2-11. Estimated Peak Annual Flows in the Susitna River at Watana Dam ................. 6-23
Table 6.2-12. Percent Contribution of Flow at Susitna River Watershed USGS Gage
Stations to Flow at the Susitna Station USGS Gage .................................................................. 6-24
Table 6.3-1. Summary of Previous Site Investigations............................................................. 6-29
Table 6.3-2. Summary of 2011 to 2014 Site Investigations ..................................................... 6-34
Table 6.3-3. Ground Motions – Deterministic Results ............................................................. 6-65
Table 6.3-4. Deterministic Input Parameters ............................................................................ 6-70
Table 6.3-5. Discontinuity Types.............................................................................................. 6-74
Table 6.3-6. Summary of Joint Set Orientations....................................................................... 6-75
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Table 7.2-1. Railbelt Electrical Power Generation Carbon Dioxide Emissions ......................... 7-3
Table 7.5-1. Typical Generating Unit Ramping Rates ............................................................... 7-9
Table 7.5-2. Annual Generation for Alternative Installed Capacities, without Inflow
Forecasting ................................................................................................................................. 7-11
Table 7.5-3. Annual Generation for Alternative Installed Capacities, with Inflow
Forecasting ................................................................................................................................. 7-11
Table 7.5-4. Reliability of Plant Capability for Maximum Hourly Generation ........................ 7-14
Table 7.5-5. Comparative Costs of Various Generating Equipment Combinations ................. 7-18
Table 7.5-6. Comparative Civil Costs of Various Powerhouse Sizes....................................... 7-20
Table 7.5-7. Comparative Costs of Various Powerhouse and Unit Size Combinations ........... 7-21
Table 7.5-8. Selected Unit Ratings ........................................................................................... 7-24
Table 7.6-1. Summary of Comparative Costs ........................................................................... 7-27
Table 7.6-2. Summary of WRAM Comparison ........................................................................ 7-28
Table 8.10-1. Airstrip Criteria .................................................................................................. 8-24
Table 9.5-1. All-Season PMP by Sub-Basin for Various Durations........................................... 9-5
Table 9.6-1. 100-Year Snowpack at Snow Course Stations ....................................................... 9-7
Table 9.6-2. 100-Year All-Season Snowpack Snow Water Equivalent ..................................... 9-8
Table 9.8-1. PMF Routing Sensitivity Analysis Results .......................................................... 9-11
Table 10.2-1. Typical Operations Staffing ............................................................................... 10-8
Table 10.2-2. Preliminary Water System Design Criteria ...................................................... 10-10
Table 10.2-3. Preliminary Wastewater System Design Criteria ............................................. 10-15
Table 10.2-4. Total Combined Solid Waste Volume .............................................................. 10-19
Table 10.3-1. Summary of Unit Weight Tests ........................................................................ 10-23
Table 10.3-2. Summary of Unconfined Compression Strength Tests .................................... 10-24
Table 10.3-3. Summary of Point Load Index Strengths ......................................................... 10-24
Table 10.3-4. Summary of Brazilian Tensile Strength Tests .................................................. 10-25
Table 10.3-5. Summary of Intact Rock Modulus Parameters ................................................. 10-25
Table 10.3-6. Summary of Compressional and Shear Wave Velocities and Dynamic
Properties ................................................................................................................................. 10-26
Table 10.3-7. Ranges and Average GSI for Engineering Units .............................................. 10-29
Table 10.3-8. Recommended Intact Rock Properties ............................................................. 10-30
Table 10.3-9. Recommended Rock Mass Strength and Deformation Parameters .................. 10-30
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Table 10.3-10. Summary of Joint Set Orientations................................................................. 10-31
Table 10.3-11. Summary of Joint Set Characteristics from Geologic Mapping ..................... 10-34
Table 10.3-12. Foundation Parameters for Preliminary 3-D FEA .......................................... 10-56
Table 10.4-1. Flood Frequency at Watana Dam Site .............................................................. 10-63
Table 10.4-2. Criteria for the Diversion Tunnel Intake .......................................................... 10-64
Table 10.4-3. Diversion Tunnel and Sluice Features .............................................................. 10-66
Table 10.5-1. RCC Volume (Layout 4 – modified) ................................................................ 10-77
Table 10.5-2. Preliminary Dam Design Parameters for Layout Development ....................... 10-80
Table 10.6-1. Analyzed Dam Plan Configurations for Layout 2 (high dam) ......................... 10-83
Table 10.6-2. Periods of Vibration and Modal Participation Mass Ratio of Dam (Layout
2) .............................................................................................................................................. 10-90
Table 10.6-3. Comparison of Seismic Analysis Results – Maximum Tensile Stresses
(Layout 2)................................................................................................................................. 10-97
Table 10.6-4. Comparison of Seismic Analysis Results – Maximum Compressive
Stresses (Layout 2) ................................................................................................................... 10-97
Table 10.6-5. Susitna-Watana High Dam: ADSAS Estimated Dam Volumes ...................... 10-98
Table 10.6-6. Watana Dam (Layout 2): ADSAS Estimated Dam Volumes .......................... 10-99
Table 10.6-7. Dam Frequency and Periods of Vibration (Layout 3) .................................... 10-107
Table 10.6-8. Summary of Dam Layout 3 Response to 8 Earthquake Loadings.................. 10-113
Table 10.6-9. RCC Quantities (Layout 3) ............................................................................. 10-114
Table 10.6-10. Frequencies and Modal Mass Participation Ratio for Layout 4 ................... 10-119
Table 10.6-11. Summary of Dam Response to 8 Earthquake Loadings (Layout 4) ............. 10-126
Table 10.6-12. Comparison of Dam Responses for Dam Layouts 3 and 4 .......................... 10-127
Table 10.6-13. RCC Volume (Layout 4) .............................................................................. 10-128
Table 10.7-1. Deterministic Seismic Input Parameters ........................................................ 10-138
Table 10.7-2. Median Vertical / Horizontal Ratios............................................................... 10-140
Table 10.7-3. Horizontal and Vertical Design Response Spectra for Intraslab Events ........ 10-141
Table 10.7-4. Horizontal and Vertical Design response Spectra for Interface Events ......... 10-142
Table 10.7-5. Horizontal and Vertical Design Response Spectra for Crustal Events........... 10-143
Table 10.7-6. Record Parameters for Selected Slab Time Histories – M8.0 -69th
Percentile (PGA=0.81) ........................................................................................................... 10-146
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Table 10.7-7. Record Parameters for Selected Slab Time Histories – M7.5 -84th
Percentile (PGA=0.69) ........................................................................................................... 10-147
Table 10.7-8. Record Parameters for Selected Interface Time Histories – M9.2 -88th
Percentile (PGA=0.58) ........................................................................................................... 10-148
Table 10.7-9. Record Parameters for Selected Crustal Time Histories – M7.0 -84th
Percentile (PGA=0.49) ........................................................................................................... 10-149
Table 10.7-10. Estimate of Significant Duration using the Brookhaven Model .................. 10-151
Table 10.7-11. Selected Time Histories for Feasibility Analysis– Intraslab and Crustal ..... 10-152
Table 10.7-12. Selected Time Histories for Feasibility Analysis – Interface ....................... 10-153
Table 10.7-13. PGAs for Selected Return Periods ............................................................... 10-153
Table 10.7-14. Foundation and Dam Material Properties used in LS-DYNA ...................... 10-161
Table 10.7-15. Foundation Rock Material Properties and the Corresponding Wave
Velocities and Lysmer Damper Coefficients ......................................................................... 10-162
Table 10.7-16. Scaled Damper Coefficients used in Three Directions as a Result of
Deconvolution ........................................................................................................................ 10-163
Table 10.7-17. Maximum Tensile Stresses for MCE Events................................................ 10-166
Table 10.7-18. Maximum Sliding on Selected Monoliths .................................................... 10-171
Table 10.7-19. Maximum Tensile Stress in the Dam during OBE Events ........................... 10-174
Table 10.7-20. Maximum Sliding during OBE Events......................................................... 10-174
Table 10.7-21. Maximum Tensile Stress Sensitivity to Foundation Properties ................... 10-175
Table 10.7-22. Maximum Sliding Displacement Sensitivity to Foundation Properties ....... 10-175
Table 10.7-23. Comparison of Results of Massed Foundation Model with Massless
Foundation Model .................................................................................................................. 10-176
Table 10.8-1. RCC Production Schedule .............................................................................. 10-178
Table 10.8-2. RCC Placement Locations .............................................................................. 10-178
Table 10.8-3. End of Season Elevations: Middle Section ................................................... 10-182
Table 10.9-1. Susitna Project Site Monthly Temperature Data ............................................ 10-189
Table 10.9-2. Susitna River Mean Monthly Water Temperature near Gold Creek .............. 10-190
Table 10.9-3. Foundation and RCC Thermal Properties ...................................................... 10-191
Table 10.9-4. Surface Tensile Stress Gradient Calculations................................................. 10-196
Table 10.11-1. Wind Speed Frequency................................................................................. 10-202
Table 10.11-2. Return Period Wind Speeds.......................................................................... 10-203
Table 10.11-3. Wave Run-up and Set-up Values ................................................................. 10-207
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Table 10.11-4. Adopted Wind Set up and Wave Run-up Values ......................................... 10-209
Table 10.17-1. Economic Penstock Diameter....................................................................... 10-227
Table 10.19-1. Preliminary Turbine Specifications .............................................................. 10-231
Table 11.2-1. Summary of Transmission Alternatives ........................................................... 11-13
Table 11.4-1. Substation Cost ................................................................................................. 11-14
Table 11.5-1. Estimated Comparative Transmission Line Costs ............................................ 11-17
Table 12.1-1. Monthly Average Reservoir Elevations ........................................................... 12-14
Table 12.1-2. Monthly Susitna-Watana Powerhouse Flow .................................................... 12-15
Table 12.1-3. Monthly Total Release to River at Watana Dam.............................................. 12-16
Table 12.1-4. Monthly Flows at Gold Creek .......................................................................... 12-17
Table 12.2-1. Susitna-Watana Powerhouse Generation Potential .......................................... 12-19
Table 12.3-1. Ice-Free Season Monthly Average Flows and Depths at Gold Creek .............. 12-24
Table 13.2-1. AACE Estimate Classes ..................................................................................... 13-6
Table 13.2-2. Typical Estimating Methodology Relative to AACE Cost Estimate
Classification.............................................................................................................................. 13-8
Table 13.2-3. Estimating Contingency Level Recommendation .............................................. 13-8
Table 13.3-1. Large Loads and Approximate Dimensions ..................................................... 13-31
Table 13.3-2. Large Turbine Loads and Approximate Dimensions ....................................... 13-33
Table 13.3-3. Typical Large Construction Items to be moved to and from Site .................... 13-49
Table 13.3-4. Key Materials to be Shipped through Supply Chain ........................................ 13-50
Table 13.4-1. First Read of Two Comparative Estimates ....................................................... 13-53
Table 13.4-2. Second Read of Two Comparative Estimates .................................................. 13-54
Table 13.4-3. Opinion of Probable Construction Cost ........................................................... 13-56
Table 13.5-1. Non-Construction Costs ................................................................................... 13-58
Table 13.6-1. Program Base Cost Estimate – 2Q 2014 .......................................................... 13-60
Table 13.10-1. Budget Allowances for Environmental .......................................................... 13-69
Table 14.2-1. Key Activity Durations..................................................................................... 14-20
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Appendices
Appendix A Drawings
00-00G000 Drawing List - I
00-00G001 Drawing List - II
01-00G000 Overall Area Plan
01-00G001 Site Area Plan
Geotechnical
01-01GT001 Exploration Plan
01-01GT002 Relict Channel Borrow Site D Exploration Plan
01-01GT003 Dam Site Surficial Geology
01-01GT004 Dam Site top of Rock Isopach
01-01GT005 Relict Channel Borrow Site D top of Rock Isopach
01-01GT006 Dam Site Bedrock Geology
01-01GT007 Dam Site River Channel Isopach
01-01GT008 Location of Microseismic Stations
Site Roads
02-01C001 Site Road Plan
02-01C002 Site Road - Profiles N-1, N-2, N-3, and N-4
02-01C003 Site Road - Profiles N-5, N-6, and N-7
02-01C004 Site Road - Profiles S-1 AND S-2
02-01C005 Site Road - Profiles S-3, S-4, S-5, S-6, AND S-7
02-01C006 Typical Road Sections
02-15C001 Permanent Bridge at Dam Site
Gold Creek Access Road
02-15C002 Typical Access Road Bridge
02-17C001 Plan and Profile MP 00 to MP 05.6
02-17C002 Plan and Profile MP 05.6 to MP 11.4
02-17C003 Plan and Profile MP 11.4 to MP 17.0
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02-17C004 Plan and Profile MP 17.0 to MP 22.6
02-17C005 Plan and Profile MP 22.6 to MP 28.0
02-17C006 Plan and Profile MP 28.0 to MP 33.8
02-17C007 Plan and Profile MP 33.8 to MP 39.6
02-17C008 Plan and Profile MP 39.6 to MP 45.2
02-17C009 Plan and Profile MP 45.2 to End
Denali West Access Road
02-18C001 Plan and Profile MP 00 to MP 05.9
02-18C002 Plan and Profile MP 05.9 to MP 11.9
02-18C003 Plan and Profile MP 11.9 to MP 17.8
02-18C004 Plan and Profile MP 17.8 to MP 23.8
02-18C005 Plan and Profile MP 23.8 to MP 29.7
02-18C006 Plan and Profile MP 29.7 to MP 35.7
02-18C007 Plan and Profile MP 35.7 to MP 41.6
02-18C008 Plan and Profile MP 41.6 to End
Denali East Access Road
02-18C001A Plan and Profile Sta. MP 00.0 to MP 05.2
02-18C002A Plan and Profile MP 05.2 to MP 11.0
02-18C003A Plan and Profile MP 11.0 to MP 16.8
02-18C004A Plan and Profile MP 16.8 to MP 22.5
02-18C005A Plan and Profile MP 22.5 to MP 28.5
02-18C006A Plan and Profile MP 28.5 to MP 32.0
Chulitna Access Road
02-19C001 Plan and Profile MP 00 to MP 05.9
02-19C002 Plan and Profile MP 05.9 to MP 11.8
02-19C003 Plan and Profile MP 11.8 to MP 17.7
02-19C004 Plan and Profile MP 17.7 to MP 23.6
02-19C005 Plan and Profile MP 23.6 to MP 29.5
02-19C006 Plan and Profile MP 29.5 to MP 35.4
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02-19C007 Plan and Profile MP 35.4 to MP 40.25
Site Infrastructure
03-10C001 Construction Camp - Permanent Village Plan
03-10C002 Airstrip and Contractors Area Plan
03-10C003 Permanent Village Living Arrangement Typical Details
03-10C004 Construction Camp Living Arrangement Typical Details
03-12C001 Quarry Batching and Stockpile Area Plan
03-12C002 Quarry Sections
03-13C001 Water and Wastewater Process Flow Diagram
03-13C002 Water and Wastewater Details
ARRC Facilities
03-16C001 Site Layout Gold Creek Alternative
03-16C002 Site Layout Chulitna Alternative
03-16C003 Site Layout Cantwell Alternative
03-16C004 Railway Typical Sections
03-16C005 Railway Transloading Facility - Cantwell Alternative - Plan and Profile
Sta. 99+00 to 114+00
03-16C006 Railway Transloading Facility - Cantwell Alternative - Plan and Profile
Sta. 114+00 to 129+00
03-16C007 Railway Transloading Facility - Cantwell Alternative - Plan and Profile
Sta. 299+50 to 312+50
Power Facilities
04-01C002 Dam Plan
04-01C003 Dam Typical Sections
04-01C004 Dam Profile A
04-01C005 Dam Gallery Typical Details
04-01C006 Dam Joint Detail
04-03C007 Spillway Low Level Outlet Plan and Profile
04-03S001 Spillway Control Structure Plan
04-03S004 Spillway Sections and Drainage Details
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04-04S001 Low Level Outlet Intake Plan and Sections
04-04S002 Low Level Outlet Outlet Section
04-05C001 River Diversion Cofferdam Plan and Sections
04-05C002 River Diversion Tunnel Inlet Elevation and Sections
04-05C003 River Diversion Tunnel Outlet Plan and Sections
04-05G001 River Diversion General Arrangement Plan and Profile
04-05G002 Emergency Release System General Arrangement Plan and Profile
04-06S001 Emergency Release Facilities Sections
04-07S001 Diversion Sluice Plan and Section
05-06S001 Penstock Section
05-06S002 Power Intake Structure Plan
05-06S003 Power Intake Structure Elevation and Section
05-08C001 Powerhouse Site Plan
05-08S001 Powerhouse Main Floor
05-08S002 Powerhouse Generator Floor
05-08S003 Powerhouse Turbine Floor
05-08S004 Powerhouse Scroll Case Floor
05-08S005 Powerhouse Draft Tube Floor
05-08S006 Powerhouse Drainage Pumps Floor
05-08S007 Powerhouse Sections
05-08S008 Powerhouse Sections
05-08S009 Powerhouse Elevation
05-08S010 Powerhouse Isometric
05-08EM001 Single Line Diagram
06-09C001 Switchyard Plan
06-09C002 Switchyard/Transmission Line Sections
Gold Creek Transmission
06-17T001 Plan and Profile MP 00 to MP 03.1
06-17T002 Plan and Profile MP 03.1 to MP 08.9
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06-17T003 Plan and Profile MP 08.9 to MP 14.8
06-17T004 Plan and Profile MP 14.8 to MP 20.6
06-17T005 Plan and Profile MP 20.6 to MP 26.4
06-17T006 Plan and Profile MP 26.4 to MP 32.1
06-17T007 Plan and Profile MP 32.1 to MP 37.9
06-17T008 Plan and Profile MP 37.9 to End
Denali West Transmission
06-18T001 Plan and Profile MP 00 to MP 05.9
06-18T002 Plan and Profile MP 05.9 to MP 11.9
06-18T003 Plan and Profile MP 11.9 to MP 17.8
06-18T004 Plan and Profile MP 17.8 to MP 23.8
06-18T005 Plan and Profile MP 23.8 to MP 29.7
06-18T006 Plan and Profile MP 29.7 to MP 35.7
06-18T007 Plan and Profile MP 35.7 to MP 41.6
06-18T008 Plan and Profile MP 41.6 to MP 47.6
06-18T009 Plan and Profile MP 47.6 to MP 53.5
06-18T010 Plan and Profile MP 53.5 to MP 59.5
06-18T011 Plan and Profile MP 59.5 to End
Denali East Transmission
06-18T001A Plan and Profile MP 21.7 to MP 26.8
06-18T002A Plan and Profile MP 26.8 to MP 32.2
06-18T003A Plan and Profile MP 32.2 to MP 37.8
06-18T004A Plan and Profile MP 37.8 to MP 43.6
06-18T005A Plan and Profile MP 43.6 to MP 49.4
06-18T006A Plan and Profile MP 49.4 to MP 53.8
Chulitna Transmission
06-19T001 Plan and Profile MP 00 to MP 06
06-19T002 Plan and Profile MP 06 to MP 12
06-19T003 Plan and Profile MP 12 to MP 18
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06-19T004 Plan and Profile MP 18 to MP 24
06-19T005 Plan and Profile MP 24 to MP 30
06-19T006 Plan and Profile MP 30 to MP 36
06-19T007 Plan and Profile MP 36 to End
Appendix B Technical Memoranda and Reports
B1 Geotechnical Data Report
B2 Site Specific Seismic Hazard Analyses
B3 Interim Crustal Seismic Source Evaluation
B4 Probable Maximum Flood Study
B5 Rock Wedge Analysis
B6 Development of Time Histories
B7 Deterministic Ground Motion for Slab Events
B8 Finite Element Analysis
B9 Electric Power Systems Transmission Reports
B10 Opinion of Probable Construction Cost
B11 Engineering and Construction Schedule
B12 Preliminary Design Criteria
Visualization Susitna-Watana Animation Draft
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
$ U.S. dollars
2-D two dimensional
3-D three dimensional
AACE Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering
AAR alkali-aggregate reactivity
ac-ft. acre-feet
ADOT&PF Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities
ADSAS Arch Dam Stress Analysis System (Software)
AEA Alaska Energy Authority
AEC Alaska Earthquake Center
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ANSYS Finite Element Analysis Software
APA Alaska Power Authority (State)
APD analytical probabalistic dispatch
ARRC Alaska Railroad Corporation
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
ATK023 Japanese Interface Earthquake Record – March 2011
ATV all terrain vehicle
AUL Italian Crustal Earthquake Record - November 1980
BESS battery energy storage system
BH borehole
BIL basic impulse level
BOD biochemical oxygen demand
BTU British thermal units
14C Carbon 14
CADAM Computer Analysis of Dams (software)
CD compact disk
CFD computational fluid dynamics
CFRD concrete faced rockfill dam
cfs cubic feet per second
CHB012 Japanese Interface Earthquake Record – March 2011
Chile Chile Interface Earthquake Record - February 2010
Chugach Chugach Electric Association
c/mmBTU cents per million British thermal units
CO2 carbon dioxide
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.CSV comma-separated value format
CURI Chile Interface Earthquake Record – February 2010
CVC conventional concrete
cy cubic yard
Dips software for interactive analysis of orientation base geological data
DSM demand side management
DSM/EE demand side management / energy efficiency
ECRD earth core rockfill dam
EFR Engineering Feasibility Report
EIS environmental impact statement
El. elevation
EPS Electric Power System Inc.
ESS energy storage system
F fahrenheit
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FE(A) finite element (analysis)
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FOS factor of safety
FPC Federal Power Commission
FSI fluid structure interaction
ft. feet
FTE full time equivalents
FY fiscal year
g gravitational acceleration - 32.2 ft./sec2
GF geologic feature
GIL Loma Prieta, CA Crustal Earthquake Record - October 1989
GIN grouting intensity number
GIS geographic information system
GMPE ground motion prediction equations
gpcd gallons per capita per day
gpd gallons per day
gpm gallons per minute
GPS global positioning system
GSI geologic strength index
GSU generator step up (transformer)
GVEA Golden Valley Electric Association
GWh gigawatt hours
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HB House Bill
HB 306 House Bill 306
HDPE high density polyethylene (also high-density polyethylene)
HEA Homer Electric Association
HEC Hydraulic Engineering Center
HMC-TAM hourly Monte Carlo-transmission analysis mode
HMR Hydrometeorological Report
hr. hour(s)
HVAC heating, ventilating and air conditioning
Hz hertz
IDF inflow design flood
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IFSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
ILP Integrated Licensing Process
I/O inputs and outputs
IPCC International Panel on Climate Change
ISO International Standards Organization
ISR Initial Study Report
IWT010 Japanese Intraslab earthquake record- April 2011
JRC joint roughness coefficient
kcmil one thousand circular mils – area of a circle with a diameter of one mil
(one thousandth of an inch)
kips 1,000 lbs
km kilometer(s)
kV kilovolt
kW kilowatt
lbs/ft3 pounds per cubic foot
lbs/in2 pounds per square inch
LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging
Ma megaannum / one million years
MCE maximum credible earthquake
MCF one-thousand cubic feet
MEA Matanuska Electric Association
MG million gallons
mgd million gallons per day
mi mile(s)
mi2 square mile
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ML&P Anchorage Municipal Light & Power
mm millimeter(s)
MOL minimum operating level
MONT El Salvador Intraslab earthquake record – Jan 2001
MP milepost(s)
MPMR modal participation mass ratio
msl mean sea level
MVA megavolt-ampere
MW megawatt(s)
MWh megawatt hour(s)
MWH MWH Americas, Inc.
MYG 009 Japanese Intraslab earthquake record- April 2011
NAD North American Datum
NAD83 Horizontal North American Datum of 1983
NAVD88 North American Vertical Datum of 1988
NERC North American Electricity Reliability Council
NFFTB Northern Foothills Fold and Thrust Belt
NMOL normal maximum operating level
NOI notification of intent
NPS National Parks Service
O&M operation and maintenance
OBE operating basis earthquake
OFAF oil forced air forced
OMB Office of Management and Budget
ONAN oil natural air natural
OPCC opinion of probable construction cost
PAD Pre-Application Document
pcf pounds per cubic foot
PGA peak ground acceleration
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PMF probable maximum flood
PMP probable maximum precipitation
PRM project river miles
PROMOD Production Modeling Software
psi pounds per square inch
PSS/e Power System Simulation for Engineering
pu per-unit
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page xxxvi December 2014
ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY
AEA11 -022
ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY REPORT
RCA Regulatory Commission of Alaska
RCC roller-compacted concrete
RIRP Alaska Railbelt Regional Integrated Resource Plan
RM river mile(s)
ROW right-of-way (also right of way)
rpm revolutions per minute
RPZ runway protection zone
RQD rock quality designation
RSP Revised Study Plan
RTS reservoir triggered seismicity
RUS Rural Utilities Service
SAB Southern Alaska Block
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SCR silicon controlled rectifier
SDM El Salvador Intraslab Earthquake record - Jan 2001
SES City of Seward Electric System
sf; ft2 square foot (feet)
SF6 sulphur hexafluoride
SI site investigation
SPM Shoreline Protection Manual
SPP South Anchorage Power Project
sq.mi. square mile
SSSHA site specific seismic hazard analysis
STTEC El Salvador Intraslab Earthquake record - Jan 2001
SVC Static VAR Compensator(s)
SWE snow water equivalency
TM technical memorandum
TOC total organic carbon
TSS total suspended solids
UCS uniaxial compression strength
UFLS under frequency load shed
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USBR U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
USGS U.S. Geological Service
USR Updated Study Report
UV ultra violet
VALPM Chile Interface Earthquake Record – Feb 2010
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page xxxvii December 2014
ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY
AEA11 -022
ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY REPORT
VS30 Seismic Shear-Wave Velocity (from the surface to a depth of 30 m)
WBS work breakdown structure
wl water level
WRAM Water Resources Assessment Methodology
WTP Water Treatment Plant
yr. year
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page xxxviii December 2014