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Susitna‐Watana Hydroelectric Project Document
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Title:
Baseline water quality study, Study plan Section 5.5, Study Completion
Report SuWa 289
Author(s) – Personal:
Author(s) – Corporate:
URS Corporation
Tetra Tech, Inc.
AEA‐identified category, if specified:
November 2015; Study Completion and 2014/2015 Implementation Reports
AEA‐identified series, if specified:
Series (ARLIS‐assigned report number):
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project document number 289
Existing numbers on document:
Published by:
[Anchorage : Alaska Energy Authority, 2015]
Date published:
November 2015
Published for:
Alaska Energy Authority
Date or date range of report:
Volume and/or Part numbers:
Study plan Section 5.5
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Document type:
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x, 102 pages
Related work(s): Pages added/changed by ARLIS:
Notes:
All reports in the Susitna‐Watana Hydroelectric Project Document series include an ARLIS‐
produced cover page and an ARLIS‐assigned number for uniformity and citability. All reports
are posted online at http://www.arlis.org/resources/susitna‐watana/
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project
(FERC No. 14241)
Baseline Water Quality Study
Study Plan Section 5.5
Study Completion Report
Prepared for
Alaska Energy Authority
Prepared by
URS Corporation/Tetra Tech, Inc.
November 2015
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page i November 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1
2. Study Objectives................................................................................................................ 1
3. Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 2
4. Methods and Variances .................................................................................................... 2
4.1. Water Temperature Monitoring .............................................................................. 2
4.1.1. Variances from the Study Plan ................................................................. 3
4.2. Meteorological Data Collection .............................................................................. 4
4.2.1. Variances from the Study Plan ................................................................. 5
4.3. Baseline Water Quality Monitoring ........................................................................ 6
4.3.1. General Water Quality Sampling ............................................................. 8
4.3.2. Variances from the Study Plan ................................................................. 8
4.4. Focus Area Water Quality Monitoring ................................................................... 9
4.4.1. Variances from the Study Plan ............................................................... 10
4.5. TP Correction Factor............................................................................................. 11
4.6. Sediment Samples for Mercury/Metals in the Reservoir Area ............................. 13
4.6.1. Variances from the Study Plan ............................................................... 14
4.7. Baseline Metals Levels in Fish Tissue .................................................................. 14
4.8. Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing ........................................................................ 14
4.8.1. Variances from the Study Plan ............................................................... 14
4.9. Groundwater Quality in Selected Habitats ........................................................... 14
5. Results .............................................................................................................................. 15
5.1. Data Validation/Verification ................................................................................. 15
5.1.1. 2013 ........................................................................................................ 15
5.1.2. 2014 ........................................................................................................ 16
5.2. Continuous Water Temperature Monitoring ......................................................... 17
5.3. Meteorological Characterization ........................................................................... 20
5.4. Baseline Water Quality Monitoring ...................................................................... 20
5.4.1. Water Temperature ................................................................................. 21
5.4.2. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ......................................................................... 21
5.4.3. pH ........................................................................................................... 21
5.4.4. Nutrients ................................................................................................. 21
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5.4.5. Chlorophyll-a .......................................................................................... 22
5.4.6. Turbidity ................................................................................................. 23
5.4.7. Metals ..................................................................................................... 23
5.4.8. Total Dissolved Solids and Total Suspended Solids .............................. 24
5.4.9. Specific Conductance ............................................................................. 25
5.4.10. Significant Ions ....................................................................................... 25
5.4.11. Total Hardness ........................................................................................ 25
5.4.12. Total Alkalinity ...................................................................................... 25
5.4.13. Organic Carbon ...................................................................................... 25
5.4.14. Color ....................................................................................................... 26
5.4.15. Redox Potential ...................................................................................... 26
5.4.16. Other Water Quality Parameters ............................................................ 26
5.5. Focus Area Water Quality .................................................................................... 26
5.5.1. Water Temperature ................................................................................. 27
5.5.2. Dissolved Oxygen .................................................................................. 27
5.5.3. pH ........................................................................................................... 27
5.5.4. Nutrients ................................................................................................. 27
5.5.5. Chlorophyll-a .......................................................................................... 28
5.5.6. Turbidity ................................................................................................. 28
5.5.7. Metals ..................................................................................................... 28
5.5.8. Specific Conductance ............................................................................. 29
5.5.9. Total Hardness ........................................................................................ 29
5.5.10. Organic Carbon ...................................................................................... 29
5.5.11. Redox Potential ...................................................................................... 29
5.6. Sediment Samples for Mercury/Metals in the Reservoir Area ............................. 29
5.7. Baseline Metals in Fish Tissue ............................................................................. 29
5.8. Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing ........................................................................ 29
5.9. Groundwater Quality in Selected Habitats ........................................................... 29
6. Discussion......................................................................................................................... 30
6.1. Historical Water Quality Data .............................................................................. 30
6.2. TP Corrected Results ............................................................................................ 30
6.3. Comparison to Regulatory Standards ................................................................... 31
6.4. Variation in Analyte Concentration by Season ..................................................... 32
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page iii November 2015
6.5. Adequacy of Data to Support Modeling ............................................................... 32
6.6. Stream Temperature Monitoring and Meteorological Data .................................. 33
6.7. Extension of Water Quality Model ....................................................................... 33
7. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 34
8. Literature Cited .............................................................................................................. 34
9. Tables ............................................................................................................................... 36
10. Figures .............................................................................................................................. 65
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page iv November 2015
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1-1. Susitna River Basin Temperature and Water Quality Monitoring Sites .................. 36
Table 4.3-1. Sample Location and Frequency for Monthly Baseline Water Quality Sampling .. 38
Table 4.3-2. Water Quality Study Sampling Parameters and Schedule ....................................... 41
Table 5.1. Location of Data on the Project Website ..................................................................... 43
Table 5.1-1. Summary of Quality Assurance Results (2013) ....................................................... 46
Table 5.1-2. Summary of Quality Assurance Results (2014) ....................................................... 47
Table 6.1-1 Historic (1980s) and Current (2013 - 2014) Field Parameters .................................. 48
Table 6.1-2. Ranges in Historic (1980s) and Current (2013 – 2014) Water Quality Monitoring
Data ........................................................................................................................................ 50
Table 6.1-3 Historic (1980s) and Current (2013 – 2014) Total Metals ........................................ 52
Table 6.1-4. Historic (1980s) and Current (2013 – 2014) Dissolved Metals ............................... 55
Table 6.3-1 Summary of Criteria and Standards for Select Uses and Constituents1.......... 59
Table 6.3-2 ADEC Freshwater Quality Criteria for Select Constituents ........................... 61
Table 6.3-3 Water Quality Standards (NOAA SQuiRTs) ............................................................ 63
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page v November 2015
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1-1. Water Temperature Sites for the Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project ................ 66
Figure 4.4-1. Detail of FA-104: Whiskers Slough. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-
104 (July 2014 and September 2014) .................................................................................... 67
Figure 4.4-2. Detail of FA-113: Oxbow I. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-113 (July
2014 and September 2014) .................................................................................................... 68
Figure 4.4-3. Detail of FA-115: Slough 6A. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-115
(July 2014 and September 2014) ........................................................................................... 69
Figure 4.4-4. Detail of FA-128: Slough 8A. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-128
(July 2014 and September 2014) ........................................................................................... 70
Figure 4.4-5. Detail of FA-138: Gold Creek. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-138
(July 2014 and September 2014) ........................................................................................... 71
Figure 4.4-6. Detail of FA-141: Indian River. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-141
(July 2014 and September 2014) ........................................................................................... 72
Figure 4.4-7. Detail of FA-144: Slough 21. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-144
(July 2014 and September 2014) ........................................................................................... 73
Figure 4.4-8. Focus Areas Sampled for Water Quality in the Middle River ................................ 74
Figure 4.6-1. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling locations at Mouth of Fog Creek ....... 75
Figure 4.6-2. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations below Deadman Creek ...... 76
Figure 4.6-3. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations at Mouth of Watana Creek 77
Figure 4.6-4. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations at Mouth of Tsusena Creek 78
Figure 4.6-5. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations below the Dam Site ........... 79
Figure 4.6-6. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations above the Dam Site ........... 80
Figure 5.2-1. Thermistor Data at Susitna Station (2014). ............................................................. 81
Figure 5.2-2. Thermistor Data at Deshka River (2014). ............................................................... 81
Figure 5.2-3. Thermistor Data at Indian River (Winter 2013 through Summer 2014) ................. 82
Figure 5.2-4. Thermistor Data at Chulitna River (Winter 2013 through Summer 2014) ............. 82
Figure 5.2-5. Thermistor Data Oshetna River (Winter 2013 Through Summer 2014) ................ 83
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Figure 5.4-1. Field Measurement Temperature by PRM (Summer 2014) .................................... 83
Figure 5.4-2. DO Concentrations by PRM (June 2014) ............................................................... 84
Figure 5.4-3. TKN Concentrations by PRM (January 2014) ........................................................ 84
Figure 5.4-4. Chlorophyll a Data by PRM (August 2013) ........................................................... 85
Figure 5.4-5. Chlorophyll a Data by PRM (September 2013) ...................................................... 85
Figure 5.4-6. Chlorophyll a Data at PRM 45.1 (Summer 2013)................................................... 86
Figure 5.4-7. Chlorophyll a Data at PRM 124.2 (Summer 2013)................................................. 87
Figure 5.4-8. Mean Baseline Dissolved Iron Concentrations by PRM (August 2013) ................ 87
Figure 5.4-9. Total Iron Concentrations by PRM (June 2014) ..................................................... 88
Figure 5.4-10. Total Aluminum Concentrations by PRM (January 2014) ................................... 88
Figure 5.4-11. Mean Baseline TDS Concentrations by PRM (September 2013) ......................... 89
Figure 5.4-12. Specific Conductance by PRM (June 2014) ......................................................... 89
Figure 5.4-13. Specific Conductance by PRM (September 2014)................................................ 90
Figure 5.4-14. Mean Baseline TOC concentrations by PRM (August 2013) ............................... 90
Figure 5.4-15. TOC Concentration by PRM (January 2014)........................................................ 91
Figure 5.4-16. Redox Potential by PRM (March 2014)................................................................ 91
Figure 5.4-17. Mean Baseline Naphthalene Concentrations by PRM (September 2013) ............ 92
Figure 5.4-188. Mean Baseline Uranium Concentrations by PRM (September 2013) ................ 92
Figure 5.4-199. FA-104 (Whiskers Slough) Temperature Field Measurements (Summer 2014) 93
Figure 5.4-20. FA-141 (Indian River) TKN Concentrations (Summer of 2014) .......................... 93
Figure 5.4-20. FA-144 (Slough 21) Mean Dissolved Iron Concentrations (Summer 2013) ........ 94
Figure 5.4-212. FA-141 (Indian River) Total Manganese Concentrations (Summer of 2014) .... 94
Figure 5.4-22. FA-128 (Slough 8A) Mean TOC Concentrations (Summer 2013) ....................... 95
Figure 5.5-1. Porewater Dissolved Zinc Concentrations (2013) .................................................. 95
Figure 5.5-2. Sediment Zinc Concentrations (2013) .................................................................... 96
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page vii November 2015
Figure 5.5-3. Porewater Dissolved Iron Concentrations (2014) ................................................... 96
Figure 5.5-4. Sediment Iron Concentrations (2014) ..................................................................... 97
Figure 6.3-1. Surface Water Concentrations for Total Iron at PRM 235.2 (2014) ....................... 97
Figure 6.3-2. Surface Water Concentrations for Total Iron at PRM 29.9 (2014) ......................... 98
Figure 6.3-3. Surface Water Concentrations of Total Aluminum at PRM 235.2 (2014) ............. 98
Figure 6.3-4. Surface Water Concentrations of Total Aluminum at PRM 29.9 (2014) ............... 99
Figure 6.4-1. Surface Water Concentrations for TSS at PRM 29.9 (2013) .................................. 99
Figure 6.4-2. Surface Water Concentrations for TSS at PRM 140.1 (2013) .............................. 100
Figure 6.4-3. Surface Water Measurements for Turbidity at PRM 29.9 (2013) ......................... 100
Figure 6.4-4. Surface Water Measurements for Turbidity at PRM 140.1 (2013) ....................... 101
Figure 6.4-5. Surface Water Concentrations for Total Zinc at PRM 29.9 (2013) ...................... 101
Figure 6.4-6. Surface Water Concentrations for TOC at PRM 29.9 (2013) ............................... 102
Figure 6.4-7. Surface Water Concentrations for Dissolved Zinc at PRM 29.9 (2013) .............. 102
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page viii November 2015
LIST OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND DEFINITIONS
Abbreviation Definition
AWQS Alaska Water Quality Standards
ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
AEA Alaska Energy Authority
Al Aluminum
AOI area of interest
ARI Aquatic Research Inc. laboratory conducting water quality analysis
As Arsenic
Ba Barium
BTEX Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene, and Xylenes
°C degrees Celsius
Ca Calcium
CaCO3 Calcium carbonate
Cd Cadmium
Chl-a Chlorophyll-a
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
cm centimeter
Cu Copper
DL detection limit
DO dissolved oxygen
DOC dissolved organic carbon
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
°F degrees Fahrenheit
FA Focus Area
Fe Iron
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
ft. feet
GPS global positioning system
Hg mercury
ILP Integrated Licensing Process
ISR Initial Study Report
J The analyte was positively identified; the associated value is the approximate concentration
of the analyte in the sample.
m meter
MDL Method Detection Limit
MeHg Methyl mercury
Mg Magnesium
µg microgram
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page ix November 2015
Abbreviation Definition
µm micrometer
µg/L micrograms per liter
µmhos/cm micromhos per centimeter
mg/L milligrams per liter
Mn Manganese
mV millivolt
m/s meters per second
MET Meteorological
Mg Manganese
Mo Molybdinum
MQO Measurement Quality Objective
NELAP National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program
Ni Nickel
NOAA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
PAHs polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
Pb Lead
pH potential hydrogen
PRM Project River Mile
Project Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project No. 14241
QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan
QA/QC quality assurance/quality control
R Data observation rejected based on failure to meet acceptance limits outlined in the QAPP
RF radio frequency
RSP Revised Study Plan
SCR Study Completion Report
Se Selenium
SGS SGS Environmental Services Laboratory
SNTEMP Stream Network Temperature
SQuiRT Screening Quick Reference Tables
SWE Snow Water Equivalent
TDS total dissolved solids
THg total mercury
TIR thermal infrared remote
TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen
Tl Thallium
TOC total organic carbon
TP total phosphorus
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page x November 2015
Abbreviation Definition
TSS total suspended solids
USGS United States Geological Survey
Vn Vanadium
WQ water quality
Zn Zinc
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 1 November 2015
1. INTRODUCTION
This Baseline Water Quality Study, Section 5.5 of the Revised Study Plan (RSP, AEA 2012)
approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for the Susitna-Watana
Hydroelectric Project, FERC Project No. 14241, focuses on the methods for assessing the effects
of the proposed Project and its operations on water quality in the Susitna River basin.
A summary of the development of this study, together with the Alaska Energy Authority’s
(AEA) implementation of it through the 2013 study season, appears in Part A, Section 1 of the
Initial Study Report (ISR) filed with FERC in June 2014. As required under FERC’s regulations
for the Integrated Licensing Process (ILP), the ISR describes AEA’s “overall progress in
implementing the study plan and schedule and the data collected, including an explanation of any
variance from the study plan and schedule.” (18 CFR 5.15(c)(1)).
Since filing the ISR in June 2014, AEA has continued to implement the FERC -approved plan for
the Baseline Water Quality Study. For example:
Completion of sampling for temperature, sediment, pore water, and water quality
(Baseline Monitoring and Focus Area Monitoring).
On September 30, 2014, AEA filed with FERC the Water Quality and Lower River
Modeling Technical Memorandum (AEA 2014a), which provided results of the analysis
and recommendation of extending the Water Quality Model below Project River Mile
(PRM 29.9) and an evaluation of the adequacy of the water temperature and
meteorological data collected through 2014.
On October 16, 2014, AEA held an ISR meeting about the Baseline Water Quality
Monitoring Study (Study 5.5), Water Quality Modeling Study (Study 5.6), and Mercury
Assessment and Potential for Bioaccumulation Study (Study 5.7).
The 2014 water quality data was reviewed and the quality controlled data and DVRs per
the Quality Assurance Project Plan were submitted to FERC and posted at
http://gis.suhydro.org/isr_mtg on December 17, 2014.
In furtherance of the next round of ISR meetings and FERC’s future Study Plan Determination,
this report contains a comprehensive discussion of results of the Baseline Water Quality Study
from the beginning of AEA’s study program in 2012 through the end of calendar year 2014. It
describes the methods and results of the Baseline Water Quality Study, and explains how all
Study Objectives set forth in the Study Plan have been met. The Quality Assurance issues
encountered during this study are summarized in a supplemental table as described in the Quality
Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for this study (AEA 2014b). Accordingly, with this report, AEA
has now completed all field work, data collection, data analysis, and reporting for this study.
2. STUDY OBJECTIVES
The objectives for this study are established by RSP Section 5.5.1. The goal of the overall water
quality study efforts is to assess the effects of the proposed Project and its operations on water
quality in the Susitna River basin, which informs development of any appropriate conditions for
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page 2 November 2015
inclusion in the Project license. The Project is expected to change some of the wat er quality
characteristics of the drainage as well as the inundated area that will become the reservoir.
The objectives of the Baseline Water Quality Study are as follows:
Document historical water quality data and combine with data generated from this study.
The combined dataset will be used in the Water Quality Modeling Study to predict
Project impacts under various operations.
Collect stream temperature and meteorological data to supplement the existing data.
Develop a monitoring program to adequately characterize surface water physical,
chemical, and bacterial conditions in the Susitna River within and downstream of the
proposed Project area.
Measure baseline metals concentrations in sediment and fish tissue for comparison to
state criteria. (a summary of metals results is included in this Study Completion Report
and mercury results are reported in the Study 5.7 Mercury Assessment Report).
Perform thermal infrared imaging (TIR) assessment of a portion (between Talkeetna and
Devils Canyon) of the Susitna River and use this data to map the groundwater discharge
and possible extent of thermal refugia. (Groundwater was mapped for Middle River
Focus Areas and sloughs and most of the Lower River in 2013; methods and results are
presented in ISR Part A Sections 4 and 5 and Appendix J).
3. STUDY AREA
As established by RSP Section 5.5.3, the study area for water quality monitoring includes the
Susitna River from PRM 29.9 to PRM 235.2 (Oshetna River), and selected tributaries within the
proposed transmission line and access corridors. Water temperature monitoring initiated in 2012
extended as far downstream as PRM 19.9.
4. METHODS AND VARIANCES
4.1. Water Temperature Monitoring
The methods employed correspond to Section 5.5.4.1 of the RSP. The water temperature
monitoring sites were selected using the rationale described in Study 5.5 ISR Section 4.1.1. A
detailed description of the thermistor systems and deployment can be found in Study 5.5 ISR
Sections 4.1.2 and 4.1.3.
Baseline temperature monitoring sites were spaced at approximately 5-mile intervals so that the
various factors that influence water temperature conditions were captured and support the
development (and calibration) of the water quality model. The sensors were situated in the river
to record water temperatures representative of the mainstem or slough being monitored, avoiding
areas of groundwater upwelling, unmixed tributary flow, direct sun exposure, and isolated pools
that would have affected representativeness of the data.
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In 2012, field reconnaissance of the 1980s monitoring sites was conducted and 37 sites were
selected for monitoring (Table 4.1-1 and Figure 4.1-1). Of these sites, 32 were replicates of sites
with available water quality and temperature data from the 1980s, 7 of the sites were used for
developing the SNTEMP model from the 1980s studies, and the remainder represented new or
relocated sites from the 1980s dataset used to collect water quality or temperature data.
Collection of water temperature data began in July 2012, and continued through the winter of
2013/2014 and summer 2014. Due to changes in the river channel and safety concerns,
temperature monitoring stations were established at 30 of the 37 selected sites in the summer of
2012 and an additional 3 sites were established during the winter 2012-2013 deployment.
In September of 2012, 19 thermistors were redeployed as overwintering systems (Table 4.1-1).
The locations were selected based on locations where ice forces might allow for their survival
over the winter. Of the 19 deployed overwinter systems, 11 thermistors were found following ice
breakup and six of those could be downloaded during the June 2013 site visits. Access restriction
between PRM 145.6 and PRM 209.2 prevented recovery and download of thermistors in 2013.
In this reach, thermistors had been deployed at 4 locations of which 2 were intact and could have
data retrieved in 2014 (PRM152.2 and PRM 152.7). Data was retrieved from these two loggers
for the period July 2012 through April 2013, at which time the internal storage capacity had been
reached.
Additional systems were installed during the 2013 field season, and some equipment was lost
and replaced during routine site visits conducted during the ice free period (June through
October). The overwinter setups, outside of the restricted access reach, were removed from the
river and replaced with anchor and buoy systems in June 2013, and replaced again with
overwinter systems in September 2013. A total of 28 sites were monitored in 2013 (these include
the two sites within the restricted access reach with partial data sets through April 2013). A
summary of each site complete with photos, global positioning system (GPS) coordinates, aerial
images, and installation/maintenance field notes are included in Appendix A of the Study 5.5
ISR (AEA 2014c).
During the winter of 2013/2014, 19 thermistor systems were left in place to characterize winter
temperature conditions and all 19 were recovered and data successfully retrieved in summer
2014 (Table 4.1-1). In the Study 5.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2, it was proposed to modify the
logging interval from 15 minutes to 30 minutes to expand internal data storage capacity.
However, this was not implemented and the logging interval remained as 15 minutes throughout
2014. A total of 36 thermistor systems were deployed in June 2014, including all eight of the
monitoring sites that could not be accessed in 2013 (this included the 4 sites that were deployed
in 2012 and 4 additional sites which could not be deployed in 2013 due to access limitations). All
36 thermistors were removed from the river in September 2014 and data retrieved.
4.1.1. Variances from the Study Plan
AEA implemented the methods as described in the Study Plan with the exception of variances
noted in ISR, Part A, Section 4.1.4 (2013) as well as those explained below.
Thirty-seven sites were identified for continuous temperature monitoring in the Study 5.5 RSP.
Continuous data were collected a total of 36 sites have varying periods of record monitored since
2012. The 37th site, the Susitna River near Cantwell (PRM 225.5), had no continuous data
collected. This site was consistently not accessible by helicopter during each visit. Single
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temperature observations were collected at this site during winter 2013/2014, when ice cover
provided a solid helicopter landing site. Temperature data collected downstream of this site at
PRM 209.2 and upstream at PRM 235.2 bracket this site and provide sufficient information to
calibrate the temperature component of the EFDC model.
Continuous water temperature loggers between PRM 145.6 and the Oshetna River confluence
(PRM 235.2) had different periods of record due to the following: late start for deployment in
2012, loss of logging equipment due to ice break -up (winter 2012/2013 and 2013/2014), and site
access issues in 2013. The portion of the record available between 2012 and 2014 are
summarized below and location are also provided in Table 4.1-1 (stations with complete records
from summer 2012 through summer 2014 are in bold):
PRM 152.2 Susitna below Portage Cr: Available summer 2012, winter 2012/2013 and
summer 2014
Portage Cr.: Available summer 2012 and summer 2014
PRM 152.7 Susitna above Portage Cr.: Available summer 2012, winter 2012/2013 and
summer 2014
PRM 168.1 Susitna River: Available summer 2014
PRM 183.1 Susitna River below Tsusena Cr.: Available summer 2012 and summer 2014
Tsusena Cr.: Available summer 2014
PRM 187.2 Susitna River at Watana Dam Site: Available summer 2014
PRM 196.8 Susitna River above Watana Cr.: Available summer 2014
PRM 209.2 Susitna River at mouth of Kosina Cr.: Available summer 2012 through
summer 2014
Oshetna River: Available summer 2012 through summer 2014
The purpose for including many monitoring sites throughout the river and multiple years of
temperature monitoring was to acquire as complete a data record as possible for each of the sites,
while acknowledging that an incomplete data set was likely to occur for some sites due to the
three issues noted above, but collectively would be representative of the river. The volume of
data and period of record among all sites are sufficient to construct a temperature profile with the
EFDC model where records are missing. The study results are not impacted by the missing
record and the data collected are sufficient to meet study plan objectives.
4.2. Meteorological Data Collection
As indicated in the RSP (Section 5.5.4.2 and 5.5.4.3), three MET stations (Figure 4.1-1) were
installed in 2012 to collect data for constructing the (2D and 3D) Reservoir and River Water
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Quality Models. The stations are spatially distributed on the Susitna River to represent a range of
distinct physical settings throughout the study area (Figure 4.1-1 in the ISR). This data will be
used for calibrating the temperature model for the reservoir and river and for calibrating the ice
model in the reservoir.
One MET station was established near the Watana Dam site (ESM-1), at an elevation of
approximately 2,300 feet on the north side of the river. This station is above the projected
elevation of the reservoir and proposed dam height. The second station was installed slightly
upriver of the proposed reservoir footprint, at an elevation of approximately 2,100 feet near the
confluence of Oshetna River and the Susitna River (ESM-2). The third station was installed 40
miles downriver of the proposed dam near the confluence with Indian River and the Susitna
River at an elevation of approximately 720 feet (ESM-3). All three stations were equipped with
instrumentation to measure wind speed and direction (at 3 meters), air temperature, relative
humidity, barometric pressure, and incident solar radiation. Beginning in September 2013,
precipitation was measured at ESM-2 and ESM-3 and then at ESM-1 beginning October 2014.
A snow water equivalency sensor was installed at ESM-1 the same time as the precipitation gage
in October 2014.
MET station installation and monitoring protocols are detailed in Study 5.5 ISR, Part A, Sections
4.2.1 and 4.2.2. The data recorded by the stations installed in 2012 was uploaded every hour via
radio frequency (RF) telemetry and stored on a digital server in Talkeetna, Alaska. Data
collection was monitored to ensure equipment was operating correctly.
ESM-2 and ESM-3 were dismantled in August 2015. ESM-1 continues to collect data for
purposes other than water quality modeling.
MET data is also available from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association
(NOAA) station located at the Talkeetna Airport (Table 4.2-1 in Study 5.5 ISR Part A). Existing
information from the Willow Creek and Susitna River near the Sunshine gage station also
provide data on some of the parameters used for calibrating the water quality model (Study 5.6).
4.2.1. Variances from the Study Plan
AEA implemented the methods as described in the Study Plan with the exception of variances
noted in Study 5.5 ISR, Part A, Section 4.2.3 and the two variances described below.
RSP Section 5.5.4.3 indicated rain gauges would be installed at all MET stations to collect data
over a couple of years. One year of data is adequate to calibrate the EFDC model. However,
AEA opted to collected additional years of data to ensure a complete record was available for all
meteorological parameters. MET stations were installed in 2012, and rain gauges were installed
at ESM-2 (Oshetna River) and ESM-3 (Indian River) in September 2013, as described in the ISR
Part A, and in October 2014 at ESM-1 (Watana Dam). While the installations occurred later than
intended, the same amount of data was collected at ESM-2 and ESM-3 because the stations were
operated until August 2015, instead of August 2014. ESM-1 is currently installed and data
collection is anticipated to occur through the next year. Precipitation records were collected for
two years at each of the sites with additional years planned for ESM-1 (Watana Dam site). The
data record from the MET Stations is adequate for calibrating the EFDC model.
As described as a Study Plan modification in ISR, Part C, Section 7.1.2, AEA proposed to install
a CS725 snow water equivalency (SWE) sensor at MET station ESM-1 (Watana Dam site),
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which was not required in the Study Plan. The SWE sensor was installed October 2014. The
SWE sensor is a new technology, developed in part by Hydro Quebec for the purpose of
collecting higher accuracy and time variant SWE data in remote areas for reservoir modeling
(Section 4.2.3 of ISR Part A). This variance will enhance AEA’s ability to meet study objectives.
4.3. Baseline Water Quality Monitoring
There were two types of monitoring programs used to characterize surface water conditions:
Baseline Water Quality Monitoring (Section 5.5.4.4 of the RSP) and Focus Area Monitoring
(Section 5.5.4.5 of the RSP). The Focus Area Monitoring method is described below in Section
4.4. A detailed description of the baseline water quality monitoring methods (parameters
monitored, sampling protocol, sample handling and QA/QC) can be found in Study 5.5 ISR, Part
A, Section 4.3. Sampling technique was consistent with methods prescribed by the Alaska
Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA).
Water quality was monitored at a total of 17 sites in 2013 and 2014 distributed in the basin as
follows: Susitna River mainstem (10 sites), Susitna River off-channel (1 site), and tributary (6)
locations (Table 4.1-1, Table 4.3-1, and Figure 4.1-1). There were seven mainstem monitoring
sites surveyed in the 1980s for temperature data below the dam and incorporated into the 1980s
Stream Network Temperature (SNTEMP) modeling (Table 4.1-1). Four of these 1980s sites were
included in the water quality sampling that was conducted in both 2013 and 2014. All water
quality monitoring sites were co-located at continuous water temperature monitoring sites
representing locations in the Lower, Middle, and Upper River segments.
In 2013, fifteen mainstem water quality monitoring sites were located below the proposed dam
site and two were located above the dam site (Figure 4.1-1). During winter 2014, five mainstem
sites were monitored, four below the dam site and one above. During summer 2014, 15 mainstem
water quality monitoring sites were located below the proposed dam site, one at the dam site, and
one above the dam site (Figure 4.1-1). In both summers, five sloughs were monitored,
representing a combination of physical settings in the drainage and presence of important fish-
rearing habitat. Tributaries below the proposed dam site contributing large portions of the Lower
River flow to the Susitna River were also monitored during summer 2013 and 2014 as part of the
baseline study, and include the Yentna, Deshka, Talkeetna, and Chulitna rivers. Middle River
tributaries sampled for water quality included Gold Creek (summer sample collection) and
Tsusena Creek (visited in winter 2014 only). Portage Creek was not sampled for water quality,
but was sampled for continuous temperature. Instead, the Susitna River was sampled at Portage
Creek in 2013 as well as upstream (PRM 152.7) and downstream (PRM 152.2) of its confluence.
This additional effort met intended objectives of the Study Plan which was to calibrate the EFDC
model with mainstem upstream and downstream conditions of Portage Creek and account for
influence of this tributary. Two Upper River tributaries, Watana Creek and Oshetna River, were
monitored for temperature only (Table 4.1-1).
The measured water quality parameters are listed in Table 4.3-2. Samples were analyzed for
organics, metals, nutrients, and conventional/other substances (Table 4.3-2). The frequency of
sample collection varied by: parameter being tested; potential for mobilization; and other
supporting data that would enable an assessment for potential bioavailability to aquatic life. Most
of the general water quality parameters and select metals were sampled on a monthly basis
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because each parameter had been demonstrated to be present in one or both of surface water and
sediment samples (URS 2011).
During June to September 2013, sampling to characterize variability in water quality conditions
was conducted along transects at the 17 locations described in Table 5.5-1 of the RSP. A
summary of the water quality monitoring locations and collection dates for 2013 and 2014 are
provided in Table 4.1-1, Table 4.3-1, and Figure 4.1-1. Five locations were monitored during
winter 2014, and 17 during June to September 2014 (Table 4.3-1). The same Susitna River sites
were visited in summer 2013 and summer 2014, with two differences. The summer 2013 sample
collection characterized cross-section variation and the summer 2014 sample collection
characterized condition in the thalweg with one sample from the surface. The second difference
was that less water quality parameters were measured and analyzed in 2014.
The RSP indicated that water quality sampling would be completed in the first year of study,
2013. Water quality sampling was extended into 2014 to fill data gaps for select parameters that
did not meet acceptance limits. All seventeen transects were re-visited for water sampling in
2014, but only one sample near the surface was collected along the original transect at each site
in the main flow of the river. Previous sampling in 2013 had greater intensity and included three
locations along a transect and samples collected at depth, the number depending on depth of the
location on the transect (see Section 5.5.4.4.2 of the RSP). Replacement data collected in 2014
was collected at only one location on a transect at each baseline water quality site and the
decision to implement this strategy based on evaluation of lateral and depth profiles for water
quality parameters collected during 2013. Variation of measurements for water quality
parameters tended to be very small both laterally and at depth along baseline water quality
transects (see Section 6; Figure 6.4-1, Figure 6.4-2, and Figure 6.4-5 as examples). In 2014, data
collection at baseline water quality sites occurred at the same frequency as for 2013 sampling
(monthly beginning June 2014- September 2014). The alternative selected for generating valid
data for those 2013 observations failing to meet acceptance limits was to re-sample all sites for
the select water quality parameters as stated in Study 5.5 ISR, Part A, Section 5.4.
Baseline water quality collection was divided into two components: in situ and general water
quality sampling. In situ water quality sampling consisted of on-site measurements of physical
parameters at monitoring locations using field equipment. General water quality sampling
consisted of monthly grab samples that were sent to an off-site laboratory for analysis.
The laboratory, SGS Environmental Services Laboratory (SGS) in Anchorage, was used in 2013
and included as one of two laboratories for split sample analysis (a requirement in the QAPP)
with winter 2014 samples. SGS is ADEC and EPA certified. As part of the Data Quality
Objectives described in Section B.5.2 of the QAPP, laboratory split samples from two sites
(PRM 87.8 and Chulitna River) were also sent to Aquatic Research, Inc. (ARI) in Seattle, WA
during summer 2013 and in winter 2014. Results from split sample analysis of the full set of
water quality parameters were checked for precision. Where substantial differences occurred
between laboratory results, the analytical methods were further investigated. In cases where split
sample results exceeded acceptance limits during 2013, specific water quality parameters were
identified where this occurred and a strategy developed for investigating potential causes, such as
interference elements in the water (e.g., high turbidity), sample handling technique in the
laboratory, or preservation techniques (e.g., acid fixing). A second set of samples was collected
during summer 2014 and samples for water quality parameters that did not meet acceptance
limits from the previous year were collected and re-analyzed at a sub-set of the sites visited in
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2013 using the two different laboratories (SGS and ARI). Results from the two laboratories were
used to develop a method to estimate concentrations by elimination of interfering elements.
4.3.1. General Water Quality Sampling
A detailed description of sampling methods can be found in ISR, Part A, Section 4.3.2.2. In
2013, one-time sampling occurred for a limited number of analytes (benzene, ethylbenzene,
toluene, xylenes [BETX], polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs], radionuclides, aluminum
(Al), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), fecal coliform, and total organic carbon [TOC]). Samples
collected for analysis of these parameters were intended to characterize existing conditions with
the understanding that concentrations of these substances do not change appreciably over time,
but can vary over space.
Variation of water quality at multiple points along river cross-sections can be significant and
likely to occur from incomplete mixing of upstream tributary inflows, point-source discharges, or
variations in velocity and channel geometry. Water quality field measurements were located in a
manner to represent the extent of vertical and lateral mixing. In the summer of 2013, samples
were collected at three equi-distant locations along each transect at each monitoring location
(i.e., 25 percent from left bank, 50 percent from left bank, and 75 percent from left bank).
Samples were collected from a depth of 1.5 ft. below the surface as well as 1.5 ft. above the
bottom of the river if total water depth was 5 ft. or greater. This ensured that any variation in
concentrations, especially metals, were detected and adequately characterized throughout the
study area. Samples collected at 25 percent from left bank were referred to as the left bank
sample, samples collected at 50 percent from left bank were referred to as the middle sample,
and samples collected at 75 percent the distance from the left bank were referred to as the right
bank sample.
During winter sampling in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, only one bank (typically the left) was
sampled due to ice conditions on the river and limited by helicopter access.
As described in ISR Part C Section 7.1.2, water quality samples were collected in 2014 at
selected sites for parameters where 2013 samples were either qualified as “rejected” or
“estimated.” Analysis of the 2013 data showed no spatial variation of water quality conditions at
a transect, either laterally across the transect or vertically with depth. Therefore sampling at each
transect during the summer of 2014 consisted of a single grab sample and field parameters
determined from a point at the middle of the river site and at a depth of 1.5 ft. The objective for
water quality sampling during 2014 was focused on a laboratory comparison of analytical results
(see Section 6.4) and not on measurement of cross-sectional variation in water quality
conditions.
4.3.2. Variances from the Study Plan
AEA implemented the methods as described in the Study Plan with the exception of variances
described in Study 5.5 ISR, Part A, Section 4.3.4 and those explained below.
The Study Plan (RSP Section 5.5.4.4) indicated that water quality monitoring would occur at the
Susitna River near Cantwell (PRM 225.5). Due to limited access to the area via helicopter during
summer 2013 and 2014, sampling occurred instead just upstream of the Oshetna River
confluence at PRM 235.2 During the winter of 2014, the Susitna River near Cantwell (PRM
225.5) was accessible with a helicopter and sampling occurred at that site. Collection of some
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water quality samples at PRM 235.2 rather than PRM 225.5 does not impact objectives of the
study plan, because data show there is very little difference in physical and chemical water
quality conditions between PRM 235.2 and PRM 187.2 (see Section 5.4).
During winter 2013/2014 baseline monitoring, samples were collected in January instead of
December as indicated in RSP Section 5.5.4.4.1. Sampling occurred during the ice cover period
and water quality conditions are expected to be the same during this time of year. This change
does not impact the results of this study. In winter 2013/2014, helicopter access to PRM 187.2
(Susitna at the Watana Dam site) was limited, and monitoring occurred a couple of miles
downriver at PRM 185, above the confluence with Tsusena Creek, instead. This change does not
impact study objectives as there are no substantial tributary influences expected to appreciably
change sample results.
As described in ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2, additional water quality sampling occurred in 2014 at
select locations and for parameters for which the 2013 samples were qualified as either
“rejected” or “estimated.” Sample results from 2013 showed little horizontal or vertical
variability at sample locations, suggesting the river is well mixed. Given the lack of variabi lity
as discussed in Section 4.2.1, only a single grab sample was collected at each site transect in
2014 to replace rejected sample water quality parameters collected in 2013. This variance has no
impact on meeting study objectives.
The RSP specified a TP detection limit (DL) of 3.1 micrograms per liter (µg/L) (Table B1-3;
Attachment 5-1). This DL was used for samples collected during 2013. TP concentrations below
the specified DL in 2013 were reported as non-detected. In 2014, a DL of 2.0 µg/L was achieved
by one of the two split sample laboratories used for sample analysis. Study objectives remain
unaffected. Results from 2014 were generated from a laboratory meeting the lower DL for TP.
The lower detection limit resulted in a greater number of samples with detectable concentrations
of TP data that could be used for calibrating the water quality model (Study 5.6). Use of the
lower DL improved the input data set for the water quality model as it extends the range of
concentrations that can be predicted b y the model.
4.4. Focus Area Water Quality Monitoring
As described in Section 5.5.4.5 of the RSP, water quality monitoring in the Focus Areas is
distinguished from the Baseline Water Quality Program by a higher sampling density within a
pre-defined, shorter reach length and a higher sample collection frequency (every two weeks; 3
sets of samples). The purpose for the intensive water quality monitoring in select Focus Areas
was to evaluate potential effects from Project operations on resident and anadromous fisheries. A
detailed description of the sampling protocol and the parameters measured can be found in RSP
Section 5.5.4.5 and Study 5.5 ISR, Part A, Section 4.4. Specific analytical methods are detailed
in the QAPP. Similar to baseline water quality monitoring, Focus Area samples were analyzed
for organics, metals, nutrients, and conventional/other analytes (Table 4.3-2).
Surface water samples were collected at seven Focus Areas at the same locations during summer
of 2013 and 2014: FA-104 (Whiskers Slough), FA-113 (Oxbow I), FA-115 (Slough 6A), FA-128
(Slough 8A), FA-138 (Gold Creek), FA-141 (Indian River), and FA-144 (Slough 21) (Figure
4.4-1 through Figure 4.4-7, respectively). Locations of Focus Areas sampled for water quality
along the Middle River are shown in Figure 4.4-8. Frequency of sampling FAs during 2013 was
every two weeks from July 22nd to August 26th for a total of three sample sets. Focus Areas
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sampled during 2014 were visited from July 15th to September 17th for a total of two sample sets.
Sampling during winter 2013/2014 included FA-104 (Whiskers Slough), FA-128 (Slough 8A),
and FA-138 (Gold Creek). The list of water quality parameters measured within these Focus
Areas is found in Table 4.3-2.
Water quality sampling was extended into 2014 for select parameters for which 2013 samples
did not meet acceptance limits. Samples were collected from all seven Focus Areas in 2014
(Figure 4.4-1 through Figure 4.4-7). Samples were collected from near the surface at locations
along each transect; one from the main channel and the other from a side-channel, where these
occurred. Other samples collected in each Focus Area were at side sloughs and at upland sloughs
where surface water point samples had been identified and sampled in 2013. Variation of
measurements for water quality parameters tended to be very small both laterally and at depth
along Focus Area transects in 2013 (see Section 6; Figure 6.4-1, Figure 6.4-2, and Figure 6.4-5
as examples). Sample collection in 2014 that replaced select water quality parameters from the
2013 collection effort represented conditions in nearly all locations of each Focus Area.
Groundwater monitoring in the Focus Areas during 2013 occurred in three Focus Areas and at
four locations (FA-104 (Whiskers Slough), 1 site; FA-113 (Oxbow I), 1 site; and FA-128
(Slough 8A), 2 sites. Locations for surface water quality monitoring within each Focus Area is
found Figure 4.4-1 through Figure 4.4-7. Water quality laboratory parameters reported from
summer 2013 groundwater samples are as follows: nitrate/nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN),
TP, orthophosphate, hardness as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), turbidity, chlorophyll-a (chl-a),
total and dissolved Al, total and dissolved iron (Fe), total mercury (THg) and dissolved mercury
(Hg), TOC, and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC). Samples were not collected from
groundwater sites in 2014.
Winter sampling of surface water in 2014 occurred at FA-104 (Whiskers Slough), FA-128
(Slough 8A), and FA-138 (Gold Creek) (Figure 4.4-8) during February, March, and April in
support of Study 8.5. Water quality laboratory parameters reported are as follows: nitrate/nitrite,
ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), TKN, TP, orthophosphate, hardness, turbidity, total and dissolved
Al, calcium (Ca), Fe, magnesium (Mg), dissolved Hg, THg, methyl mercury (MeHg), TOC, and
DOC.
4.4.1. Variances from the Study Plan
AEA implemented the methods as described in the Study Plan with the exception of variances
described in Study 5.5 ISR, Part A, Section 4.4.3 and the addition of 2014 sampling. As
described in ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2, additional water quality sampling occurred in 2014 at
select locations and for parameters for which the 2013 samples were qualified as either
“rejected” or “estimated.” Sample results from 2013 showed little horizontal or vertical
variability at sample locations, suggesting the river is well mixed. Given the lack of variability,
only a single grab sample was collected at each site in 2014, once in July and again in
August/September, to replace rejected sample water quality parameters collected in 2013 (Study
5.5 SCR Section 4.2.1). Additional 2014 sampling occurred in order to determine why select
water quality parameters had estimated concentrations much higher than expected ranges
described in Table A4-1 in Attachment 5-1 of the RSP. The combination of data satisfies
requirements for use in calibrating the reservoir and riverine models from Study 5.6 (Water
Quality Modeling) (Study 5.5 SCR Section 4.4.1).
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4.5. TP Correction Factor
The unexpectedly high total phosphorous (TP) concentrations in the 2013 samples prompted the
collection of additional water quality samples in 2014 and analysis of samples using two
laboratories (split sample analysis) (Section 7.1.2 of the ISR Part C). The intent was to use
results from the split sample analysis to determine a correction factor to adjust the analytical
results for TP in 2013, if possible. Since a subset of sites from the baseline monitoring and
Focus Areas were visited in 2014 for split sample analysis, a TP correction factor would be
applied to remaining 2014 results collected by the same lab used in 2013. The second laboratory
analyzing split samples produced results using several combinations of sample handling and
analysis methods to identify the most accurate TP concentration in samples collected during
2014.
Laboratory samples from eight sites (10 samples including duplicates) were used to determine
the amount of effect the fine total suspended solids (TSS) had on TP analytical results. Split
samples were collected mostly from sites in the Middle River segment and one in the Lower
River segment (Table 1; refer to Project Sample ID). The second laboratory reported all
experimental sample handling and sample analysis. A four-step procedure (Step A through Step
D below) was used to quantify the effects of the TSS on TP concentrations, as follows:
Step A: Determine TP in the sample by EPA 365.1 and EPA 200.8 methods.
The values in Table 4.5-1 are referred to as “whole sample” results because they include the TP
in the water sample, as well as the interference effect from the TSS.
Table 4.5-1. Step A
𝑇𝑃𝑉ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 (365.1) 𝑇𝑃𝑉ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 (200.8)
Sample # Case File
Number
Project Sample
ID
TP: EPA 365.1 TP: EPA 200.8
(mg/L) (mg/L)
1 URS00524A2 WQSWB140.1 0.303 0.480
2 URS00524A3 WQSWB152.7 0.378 0.315
3 URS00524A4 WQSWB142.2 0.346 0.330
4 URS00524A5 WQSWBD 0.370 0.326
5 URS00524A6 WQSWB142.3 0.432 0.683
6 URS00525A1 WQSWB87.8M 0.836 0.761
7 URS00525A3 WQSWB107M 0.323 0.225
8 URS00525A4 WQSWB118.6M 0.963 0.877
9 URS00525A5 WQSWB124.2M 0.364 0.459
10 URS00525A6 WQSWBD 0.832 0.764
Step B: Determine TP resulting from suspended solids alone.
Table 4.5-2. Step B
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Sample
#
TSS in
sample
Volume
of
original
sample
filtered
(𝑉𝑂)
Filter
wt.
Dry
weight
of Filter
+
Solids
Weight
of
Solids
TP in 0.05 L
solution of
re-suspended
solids
(𝑇𝑃𝑅𝑅𝑅)
Mass of Phosphorus in
solution of suspended
solids
(𝐿𝑂 �ℎ𝑛 𝑅𝑅=𝑇𝑃𝑅𝑅𝑅∗0.05𝐿)
TP resulting from
suspended solids
alone
(𝑇𝑃𝑅𝑅=𝐿𝑂 �ℎ𝑛 𝑅𝑅
𝑉𝑂
)
(mg/L) (L) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg/L) (mg) (mg/L)
1 193 0.03 23.9 29.7 5.8 0.154 0.0077 0.257
2 227 0.03 23.5 30.3 6.8 0.168 0.0084 0.280
3 190 0.03 23.4 29.1 5.7 0.146 0.0073 0.243
4 170 0.03 23.4 28.5 5.1 0.143 0.0071 0.238
5 197 0.03 23.2 29.1 5.9 0.160 0.0080 0.266
6 600 0.015 23.4 32.4 9 0.198 0.0099 0.660
7 187 0.03 23.8 29.4 5.6 0.174 0.0087 0.290
8 750 0.01 23.2 30.7 7.5 0.175 0.0088 0.876
9 220 0.03 23.3 29.9 6.6 0.178 0.0089 0.296
10 620 0.015 23.7 33 9.3 0.219 0.0109 0.729
Step C: Correct the 10 whole sample estimates of TP for effect of TSS .
Table 4.5-3. Step C
Sample
#
From Step A From Step B Step C
𝑇𝑃𝑊�𝑛𝑙𝑐 𝑇𝑃𝑊�𝑛𝑙𝑐 𝑇𝑃𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑃𝐶=𝑇𝑃𝑊�𝑛𝑙𝑐−𝑇𝑃𝑅𝑅
TP: EPA 365.1 TP: EPA 200.8 TP resulting from
suspended solids alone
Corrected TP
EPA 365.1 EPA 200.8
(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)
1 0.303 0.480 0.257 0.046 0.223
2 0.378 0.315 0.280 0.098 0.035
3 0.346 0.330 0.243 0.103 0.087
4 0.370 0.326 0.238 0.133 0.088
5 0.432 0.683 0.266 0.166 0.417
6 0.836 0.761 0.660 0.176 0.101
7 0.323 0.225 0.290 0.033 -0.065
8 0.963 0.877 0.876 0.087 0.001
9 0.364 0.459 0.296 0.068 0.163
10 0.832 0.764 0.729 0.102 0.035
Step D: Estimate the percent of TP in the whole sample that was due to TSS interference.
Table 4.5-4. Step D
Sample
#
From Step B From Step A Step D
𝑇𝑃𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑃𝑊�𝑛𝑙𝑐 (365.1) 𝑇𝑃𝑊�𝑛𝑙𝑐 (200.8) %=(𝑇𝑃𝑅𝑅
𝑇𝑃𝑊�𝑛𝑙𝑐
)∗100
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TP resulting from
suspended solids alone TP: EPA 365.1 TP: EPA 200.8 % of TP that is due to TSS
EPA 365.1 EPA 200.8
(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) % %
1 0.257 0.303 0.480 84.9 53.5
2 0.280 0.378 0.315 74.0 88.9
3 0.243 0.346 0.330 70.1 73.6
4 0.238 0.370 0.326 64.1 72.9
5 0.266 0.432 0.683 61.6 39.0
6 0.660 0.836 0.761 79.0 86.7
7 0.290 0.323 0.225 89.8 128.8
8 0.876 0.963 0.877 91.0 99.9
9 0.296 0.364 0.459 81.4 64.6
10 0.729 0.832 0.764 87.7 95.4
AVERAGE: 78.3 80.3
Step E: Develop Correction Factor.
The last step was to develop a correction factor for converting the remaining 2014 TP site data
analyzed by the same laboratory used in 2013. An average of the two EPA analytical methods
was used as the TP correction factor. This is reported in the results (Section 5.4.1.4).
4.6. Sediment Samples for Mercury/Metals in the Reservoir Area
As described in Section 5.5.4.6 of the RSP, this task is designed to gather specific information on
the distribution of metals within potential source areas along the Susitna River. In general, all
sediment samples were taken from sheltered backwater areas, downstream of islands, and in
similar riverine locations in which water currents are slowed, favoring accumulation of finer
sediment along the channel bottom. Samples were analyzed for total metals, including arsenic
(As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), Fe, lead (Pb), Hg, nickel (Ni), Se, and zinc (Zn). Such base
data of existing river sediment will be useful to establish sedimentation rates of constituents in
sediment cores decades after dam construction.
In addition, sediment size and TOC was included to evaluate whether these parameters are
predictors for elevated metal concentrations. Samples were collected near the mouths of
tributaries near the proposed dam site, including Goose, Jay, and Kosina Creeks, and the Oshetna
River (Figure 4.5-1 through Figure 4.5-4 in the ISR). The purpose of this sampling was to
determine where metals, if found in the water or sediment, originate in the drainage. Toxics
modeling will be conducted in Study 5.6 to address the potential for bioavailability in resident
aquatic life. Comparison of bioaccumulation of metals in tissue analysis with results from
sediment samples will indicate the potential for transfer mechanisms between source and fate.
A description of modeling analysis and sampling procedures are detailed in the ISR, Part A,
Section 4.5. In 2013, all but six sites were sampled due to limited land access. In 2014, the
remaining six sites were sampled: Fog Creek (Figure 4.6-1), Tsusena Creek (Figure 4.6-4),
Deadman Creek (Figure 4.6-2), Watana Creek (Figure 4.6-3), Susitna River below the dam site
(Figure 4.6-5), and Susitna River above the dam site (Figure 4.6-6). Collection of the samples in
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2013 and 2014 combined occurred at all of the sites indicated in the RSP, providing adequate
representation of sediment constituent conditions in and around the dam site.
4.6.1. Variances from the Study Plan
AEA implemented the methods as described in the Study Plan with the exception of variances
noted in Study 5.5 ISR, Part A, Section 4.5.1, one of which was repeated during the 2014
sampling. Use of an Ekman Dredge or a modified Van Veen grab sampler was proposed in RSP
Section 5.5. However, due to sampling site conditions and access via helicopter instead of boat,
all sediment samples were collected using either a hand auger or stainless steel spoon by wading
into shallow nearshore areas. This change will not impact meeting study objectives.
4.7. Baseline Metals Levels in Fish Tissue
The methods for fish tissue sampling were first described in Section 5.5.4.7 and Section 5.5.4.8
of the RSP and were further detailed in the Mercury Assessment and Potential for
Bioaccumulation Study (Study 5.7) ISR Part A Section 4.2.6. The Mercury Study Plan (RSP
Section 5.7.4.6.1) proposed to collect seven to ten fish of each target species. These goals were
met or exceeded in 2013 (Arctic grayling = 16; round whitefish = 12), and this study component
has been completed. No additional specimens of these fish were captured and analyzed in 2014.
4.8. Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing
TIR sensing was conducted in 2012 as a pilot study (AEA 2013) and at a larger scale in 2013, as
summarized in the ISR Part A Section 4.7; the TIR images are included in ISR Part A, Appendix
J. All of the Focus Areas in the Middle River and approximately 73 percent of the Lower River
were surveyed in 2013. Collecting the data in the Middle River met the original objectives of this
study component identified in RSP Section 5.5.1. The ISR (Part C Section 7.1.2) indicated that
the remainder of the Lower River would be surveyed in 2014. However, the data was reviewed
further and it was determined that no additional TIR data would be collected.
4.8.1. Variances from the Study Plan
In Study 5.5 ISR Part A Section 4.7.1 collection of less than 100 percent of the TIR in the Lower
River (73 percent was actually collected) was identified as a variance. It was proposed as a
modification in Study 5.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.2.1 to complete the collection of the TIR in the
Lower River. After review of the collected TIR in the Lower River by the studies that would
utilize the TIR data to determine locations of groundwater upwelling, the Groundwater Study
(7.5) and the Fish and Aquatics Instream Flow (8.5), the data collected in 2013 was determined
to be sufficient and no further collection of TIR data will be conducted. Since the data already
collected fulfills the needs of the studies that the TIR data is intended to support, collection of
less than 100 percent of the TIR in the Lower River will not interfere with AEA’s ability to meet
study objectives.
4.9. Groundwater Quality in Selected Habitats
As described in Section 5.5.4.12 of the RSP and the Study 5.5 ISR, Part A, Section 4.8, basic
water quality or physical/chemical information (water temperature, DO, specific conductance,
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pH, turbidity, redox potential) was collected at selected instream flow, fish population, and
riparian study sites (Figure 4.4-1, Figure 4.4-2, and Figure 4.4-4.). These data were used to
characterize groundwater and surface water interactions. Groundwater monitoring is detailed in
the Groundwater Study (Study 7.5) ISR and Study Implementation Report. No groundwater
sample collection occurred in 2014 as part of Study 5.5 Baseline Water Quality Monitoring.
5. RESULTS
This section summarizes the water quality data from the 2013 study season and supplemental
data from the 2014 study season collected pursuant to this Study Plan (Baseline Water Quality).
Water quality monitoring over the two-year period produced a complete data set that can be used
to calibrate the EFDC water quality model. The 2014 water quality data collection was
completed at a limited number of locations within each baseline monitoring site and within
Focus Areas. These 2014 data results were used to replace those rejected from the 2013
monitoring effort. The 2013 water quality data was presented in Study 5.5 ISR, Part A, Section 5
and included field parameters (data collected during grab sampling using the Hydrolab® water
quality instrument) and chlorophyll a.
Water quality data are presented in graphs for all parameters that had met acceptance limits
following the quality assurance review process. These graphical presentations are located in two
folders on the Project website, which can be accessed using the web addresses in Table 5.1.
5.1. Data Validation/Verification
5.1.1. 2013
AEA collected samples for analyses from June 2013 through the end of October 2013.
Laboratory results have been reviewed for verification and validation according to ADECs
Analytical Data Validation Checklist (Attachment 5-1 of the RSP) in preparation of an
Analytical Data Validation Memorandum. Through validation and review of the 2013 data it was
determined that select water quality parameters were outside of acceptance limits. The
parameters affected were total metals (except for Ca and Mg), THg, TP, TKN, total
nitrate/nitrite, and dissolved Al. These parameters were qualified as “rejected” or “estimated”
throughout the 2013 study and were resampled in 2014.
Three types of quality assurance issues were identified among 2013 samples during the data
review process:
High concentrations of fine TSS that resulted in biased high results for some parameters
during laboratory analysis.
Holding time exceedance of samples transported to the laboratory.
Temperature exceedance of samples in coolers while in transport to the laboratory.
Potential overestimations of the concentrations of select analytes due to the effects of high TSS
can be identified when a parameter concentration has exceeded historical or known ranges of
concentrations from water samples collected at or near the study area. Holding time exceedance
can effect a sample concentration when parameters like nutrients or bacteriological conte nt are
influenced by complexation, consumption, or die-off.
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Because a portion of the 2013 data were rejected, additional water sampling occurred at both the
baseline water quality sites and the Focus Area sites during 2014. Table 5.1-1 summarizes the
rejected sample results. The Measurement Quality Objectives (MQO’s) require that the
completeness of a data set be determined. For individual parameters, the data set is expected to
be 95% or more complete (see Section A.7.2 in Attachment 5-1 of the RSP). Data for the above
list of parameters did not meet the MQO goal, as nine percent of baseline monitoring sample
results were rejected and thirty-three percent of Focus Area sample results were rejected. Failure
to meet this MQO prompted continued monitoring in 2014 to use a split lab comparison for each
of the water quality parameters.
The remaining quality assurance issues (e.g., holding time exceedances and temperature
exceedances during sample transport) met the MQO’s as described in Section A.7.2 in
Attachment 5-1 of the RSP. Remaining, unqualified data for each of the parameters were
considered to be adequate in characterizing water quality conditions. Data points qualified for
holding time of temperature exceedance during transport can be used, but should be evaluated on
a case-by-case basis.
5.1.2. 2014
Laboratory results have been reviewed for verification and validation according to ADECs
Analytical Data Validation Checklist (Attachment 5-1 of the RSP). While subsets of reviewed
data are provided in figures and tables in this document, a complete set of data collected during
2013 and 2014 has been posted to the Project website and can be accessed using web links listed
in Table 5.1.
The majority of samples that were rejected during the quality assurance review process were
rejected due to the TP results (Table 5.1-2). This was the same quality assurance issue
encountered during collection of water quality samples in 2013. The difference is that laboratory
split samples were collected during 2014 and a correction factor was developed to make these
data useable for water quality model calibration.
All water quality parameter results met the completeness goal of 95 percent in 2014 except for
the TP results. This outcome for analytical results was expected because primary sample results
(those analyzed by the same laboratory as in 2013) were generated using the same method as the
previous year. The secondary laboratory was tasked with analyzing the samples using several
sampling handling techniques and analytical methods in order to compare results with the
primary data set (see Section 4.3.1).
Given that the TP data were corrected, all data collected in 2014 have been validated and verified
and will be used for calibration of the EFDC water quality model in both the river and reservoir.
In 2014, thermistors for some sites in the Middle and Upper River reach experienced technical
difficulties. The most likely cause was synchronization between computer date and time and
logger date and time during the calibration step. About one-third of the summer data logged at
Middle River sites (part of August and all of September) were affected. This portion of the
temperature data was qualified as rejected during the Data Validation/Verification (QA Review)
process.
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5.2. Continuous Water Temperature Monitoring
AEA collected continuous water temperature data from as early as June 2012 at some sites
through September 2014. Thermistor temperature loggers were deployed at 36 different locations
throughout the study area from PRM 19.9 on the Susitna River to PRM 235.2 on the Oshetna
River (Table 4.1-1 and Figure 4.1-1).
ISR Study 5.5 Appendix A contains detailed maps of each continuous water temperature
monitoring site, as well as site photos and logger information (deployment dates, logger
numbers, depth, and maintenance notes). ISR Study 5.5 Appendix B contains average daily
water temperature results for 2013 for all continuous monitoring locations. Table 5.1 provides
the location of the data (2013 and 2014) posted to the Project website. The temperature data
collected at several sites during the last month of data collection (late August -September) was
rejected due to logger malfunction. The following sites in the Middle River and Upper River
were affected by this issue: PRM 107, PRM 124.2, PRM 129.6, PRM 129.9, PRM 132.7, PRM
134.1, PRM 140.0, PRM 140.1, PRM 141.0, PRM 142.2, PRM 142.3, PRM 168.1, PRM 183.1,
PRM 187.2, PRM 196.8, PRM 209.2, and PRM 235.2.
In the Project area, temporal patterns in water temperature were similar along the full length of
the Susitna River (Figures 5.1-1 and 5.1-4 in the Study 5.5 ISR and Figures B-1 – B-12 in
Appendix B of the Study 5.5 ISR). Similar temporal patterns in water temperatures were
observed in many of the major tributaries, including in the Yentna River, Deshka River,
Talkeetna River, Gold Creek, Indian River, Kosina Creek, and Oshetna River (Study 5.5 Figures
5.1-2, 5.1-5, and 5.1-6; Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figures B-1, B-3, B-5, B-11, B-11, and B-
14). A similar, but damped, pattern was observed in the Chulitna River (Study 5.5 Figure 5.1-3;
Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-7). The synchronous temporal fluctuations in water
temperature observed at the monitoring sites appeared to occur in response to fluctuations in
ambient air temperature. With the onset of fall, temperatures declined noticeably towards the
end of September at all locations. Continuous temperature monitoring over the winters of 2012
and 2013 indicated that at all over-winter monitoring sites temperatures fell to zero during mid-
October to early November, and remained at zero until late spring, rising rapidly through late
April and May (e.g., Figures 5.2-3 and 5.2-4).
During summer monitoring periods, there was very little vertical variation in water temperature
within the water column at main stem sampling sites. For example, at PRM 29.9, one of the
deeper sites (36 ft.) monitored on the Susitna River, water temperature was uniform at each of
the monitored depths during the 2013 and 2014 data collection periods (Study 5.5 ISR Figure
5.1-1; Figure 5.2-1). Water temperature also did not vary with depth at the monitoring sites in the
Yentna River, Talkeetna River, Chulitna River, Indian Rivers, Kosina Creek, and Oshetna River
(Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figures B-1, B-5, B-7, B-11, B-14). Greater vertical variability in
water temperatures was observed in the Deshka River (Study 5.5 ISR Figure 5.1-2), in Gold
Creek (Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-10), and in several of the monitored sloughs (e.g.,
PRM 129.6 and 143.6; Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figures B-8 and B-13).
Lower vs. Middle vs. Upper Susitna
In general, water temperatures during summer 2013 in the lower Susitna River (PRM 19.9, 29.9,
33.6, 59.9, 87.8 and 99.2) ranged from 6.5°C to 14°C. Water temperatures were slightly warmer
above the confluence of the Susitna, Chulitna, and Talkeetna rivers in the middle portion of the
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Susitna River during this same period, ranging from 7°C to 16°C just above the confluence
(PRM 107, 116.7, 129.9, and 134.1) and 6.5°C – 15.5°C further upstream (PRM 140, 142.3, and
143.6; Study 5.5 ISR, Sections 4.1 and 5.2). No continuous temperature records exist for summer
2013 above this point.
In summer 2014, water temperatures were generally more consistent al ong the full length of the
Susitna River, with occasional exceptions. Temperatures in the lower Susitna River (PRM 19.9,
29.9, 33.6, 59.9, 87.8 and 99.2) ranged from 6.5°C to 15°C (Study 5.5 SCR, Sections 4.1 and
5.2). In the middle portion (PRM 107, 116.7, 129.9, 134.1, 140, 142.3, and 143.6), temperatures
ranged from 7.3°C to 14.8°C, except at PRM 143.6, where temperatures dropped as low as 6.3°C
in September 2014 (Study 5.5 SCR, Sections 4.1 and 5.2). During this same period, temperatures
in the upper portion of the Susitna River (PRM 152.2, 152.7, 168.1, 183.1, and 187.2)
consistently ranged from 7°C to 14.5°C, except for at PRM 152.2, where temperatures were
much cooler, ranging from 4°C to 11°C.
Influence of Yentna River
During summer 2013, water temperatures in the Yentna River, a major tributary to the Susitna at
PRM 32.5, ranged from approximately 6.5°C to 12.5°C – slightly cooler than the observed range
of water temperatures (~7 to 14.5°C) in the Susitna River just above the confluence of the
Yentna and Susitna rivers (at PRM 33.6). However, water temperatures in the Susitna below the
confluence with the Yentna River (at PRM 29.9) were the same or even slightly higher than
above it, despite the cooler temperature of the inflowing water from the Yentna river, suggesting
that the Yentna River had little to no influence on main stem water temperatures during summer
2013 (Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figures B-1 and B-2).
The tributary also appear to have little effect on main stem water temperatures in sum mer 2014.
During this period, water temperatures in the Yentna River (PRM 32.5) ranged from 6.4°C to
13.3°C. These temperatures were again cooler than temperatures observed above the confluence
at PRM 33.6 (7.5°C – 14.8°C), but, as in summer 2013, water temperatures downstream of the
confluence (at PRM 29.9), were similar to those above the confluence, ranging from 7.1°C to
14.9°C (Figure 5.2-1).
Influence of Deshka River
In summer 2013, the Deshka river (at PRM 45.1) was considerably warmer than adjacent
segments of the Susitna main stem (at PRM 33.6 and 59.9), with water temperatures ranging
from 9.5°C to 22.5°C from mid-June to mid-September. Above the confluence with the Deshka
River, at PRM 59.9, water temperature in the Susitna mainstem ranged from just below 7°C to
just over 13°C during that same period (Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-3). Below the
confluence of the Deshka River, at PRM 33.6, Susitna River water temperatures were
consistently 0.5°C to 1°C warmer than above the confluence – ranging from just over 7°C to just
over 14°C (Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-2). This observed shift in main stem water
temperatures suggests that during summer 2013, the inflow of the Deshka River may have
influenced water temperatures in the main stem of the Susitna. In summer 2014, water
temperatures in the Deshka River were again warm, ranging from 9.5°C to 21.5°C (Figure 5.2 -
2). Above the confluence (PRM 59.9), temperatures ranged from 6.5°C to 13.5°C, while below
the confluence (PRM 33.6) temperatures ranged from 7.5°C to 14.8°C, suggesting that the
Deshka River may have influenced main stem water temperatures in summer 2014 as well as
summer 2013.
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Influence of Talkeetna and Chulitna Rivers
The Talkeetna and Chulitna rivers meet the Susitna River at approx imately the same river mile.
During summer 2013, the trends in water temperature observed in the main stem and major
tributaries (e.g., Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-2) were muted at the Chulitna River site
(PRM 118.6), located slightly above its mouth (see thermistor location in Study 5.5 ISR
Appendix A, Figure A-11a). The range of water temperatures in the Chulitna from mid-June to
mid-September 2013 was 4°C to 8°C – a much smaller and less variable temperature range and
considerably colder temperatures than were observed at other tributary or main stem sites (Study
5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-7). In the Talkeetna River (PRM 102.8), temperatures ranged
from 6°C to 14°C during this same period (Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-5). Just
upstream of the confluence of the three rivers at PRM 107 on the Susitna River, water
temperatures during summer 2013 ranged from approximately 7°C to 16.5°C (Study 5.5 ISR
Appendix B, Figure B-6). After the confluence, at PRM 99.2, the observed summer temperatures
were 0.5 to 2°C cooler (6 - 14°C; Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-5). This suggests that the
inflow of the Chulitna and Talkeetna rivers influenced summertime water temperatures in the
Susitna River during 2013.
The two rivers appeared to have a similar effect on main stem water temperatures in summer
2014. During this period, water temperatures in the Chulitna (PRM 118.6) ranged from 4°C to
9.3°C, while temperatures in the Talkeetna (PRM 102.8) ranged from 6°C to 13°C. Temperatures
in the Susitna River above the confluence ranged from 7.8°C to 14.2°C, while temperatures
below the confluence ranged from 7.1°C to 13.7°C, again suggesting that the inflow from the
Chulitna and Talkeetna rivers lowered main stem temperatures. The Chulitna River likely has a
greater impact on Susitna water temperatures than the Talkeetna, due to its larger discharge and
colder temperature.
Influence of Gold Creek
Throughout summer 2013, water temperatures in the main stem of the Susitna River below the
mouth of Gold Creek (PRM 140.0) ranged from 6 to 15.5°C (Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure
B-10). Temperatures in Gold Creek itself (at PRM 140.1) were within the same range (6-15.5°C;
Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-10). No thermistor was located in the main stem above the
mouth of Gold Creek, but one was placed in a side channel of the Susitna above the confluence
(PRM 141; Study 5.5 ISR Appendix A, Figure A -21a), and although water temperatures at this
site may or may not be representative of water temperatures in the main channel, the observed
water temperatures were very similar (6-15°C) to those at the lower site and in Gold Creek itself
(Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figure B-11). The close agreement between all three temperature
records suggests that Gold Creek did not influence water temperatures in the main stem during
summer 2013. In summer 2014, temperatures in the Susitna River side channel ranged from 6°C
to 13°C. Water temperatures in the main stem Susitna River downstream of Gold Creek (PRM
140: 7.3- 14.4°C) were similar or slightly warmer than temperatures in Gold Creek (PRM 140.1:
6.9-14.2°C), again suggesting that the inflow of Gold Creek did not influence main stem water
temperatures. In addition, the discharge from Gold Creek is likely too small to affect water
temperatures in the main stem river.
Influence of Indian River
The summer 2013 water temperature record from the side channel at PRM 141 (for location see
Study 5.5 ISR Appendix A, Figure A-21a), though not necessarily representative of the main
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channel, can also be compared to the main stem record upstream at PRM 142.3, just above the
mouth of the Indian River. Water temperatures at the lower side channel site (6 -15°C) were
slightly cooler than water temperatures at the upper site (~6 to 15.5°C, at the bottom of the water
column) over the course of summer 2013 (Study 5.5 ISR Appendix B, Figures B -11 and B-12).
Temperatures in Indian River (PRM 142.2) were generally 0.5 to 2°C cooler than in the main
stem Susitna River during this same period, and were never above 13°C. However, the discharge
of the Indian River is small enough that it likely did not influence water temperatures within the
main stem in summer 2013, or in summer 2014. In summer 2014, the side channel at PRM 141
was much cooler (6-13°C) than the main stem above the mouth of the Indian river at PRM 142.3
(7.6-14.7°C). In the Indian River, temperatures ranged from 5.2°C to 12.6°C during this same
period. Again, however, the inflow from the Indian River was too small to influence main stem
temperatures, and the cold temperatures observed in the side channel at PRM 141 may not have
been representative of those in the main channel.
Influence of Portage Creek
During summer 2014, water temperatures in the main stem of the Susitna River at PRM 152.7,
above the mouth of Portage Creek, ranged from 7.2°C to 14.5°C. Below the confluence, at PRM
152.2, water temperatures in the Susitna main stem ranged from 4.2°C to 11.2°C during this
same period. Within Portage Creek (PRM 152.3), water temperatures ranged from 4.1°C to
10.7°C. This suggests that in summer 2014 the inflow of cool water from Portage Creek may
have been enough to lower water temperatures within the main stem of the Susitna River.
5.3. Meteorological Characterization
The results of the low pass filtered, quality assurance reviewed meteorological observations
recorded at the three stations over the period September 2012 to October 2013 are reported in the
ISR Part A Section 5. The MET Station data collected at ESM-1 (Watana Dam), ESM-2
(Oshetna River), and ESM-3 (Indian River) from November 2013 through August 2015 will be
used for calibrating the temperature model for the reservoir and river and for calibrating the ice
model in the reservoir. This data is currently undergoing quality assurance review and will be
reported in Study 5.6 (Water Quality Modeling) SCR.
5.4. Baseline Water Quality Monitoring
A list of the water quality parameters measured during this study is presented in Table 4.3-2.
Parameters measured in 2013 are provided in two graphical forms in the ISR Part A: 1) by PRM
and date to illustrate changes with depth across the river, and 2) using scatter plots for each site
to illustrate horizontal changes across each transect. Complete in-situ baseline water quality
parameters collected throughout the study area from June 2013 through September 2013 are
reported in Appendix D of the ISR. The location of the baseline water quality field data on the
Project website is provided in Table 5.1.
For the 2014 data, a subset of parameter results are provided in graphical form by PRM and date
in order to illustrate water quality conditions between sites in the study area and over time. All
2014 baseline water quality field and laboratory data and summary graphs can also be found on
the Project website (Table 5.1).
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5.4.1. Water Temperature
This temperature monitoring is distinguished from the continuous water temperature monitoring
in that the results are generated by collecting point samples in the field synchronous with other
sampling.
In 2013, water temperature measurements tended to be the highest during the July sampling
event with site averages around 14°C. The lowest temperatures were reported during the
September 2013 sampling and averaged around 8°C. Appendix D of the ISR Part A contains
figures of the water temperatures for each baseline monthly sampling site.
Summer 2014 water temperatures tended also to be the highest during July 2014 with site
averages of around 11°C, which is 3ºC lower than the 2013 averages. The lowest temperatures
were reported in September 2014 and averaged around 8°C. Figure 5.4-1 illustrates water
temperatures for each baseline site during the August 2014 sampling event, which is a subset for
all other figures showing field determined parameter data.
Water temperature during January and March 2014 was consistently 0ºC.
5.4.2. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
DO concentrations were similar from July 2013 to September 2013 throughout the river and
tributaries except for the Chulitna River. The Chulitna River had an average DO concentration of
13 mg/L while the mainstem Susitna sites averaged 11 mg/L. See ISR Part A Section 5.5 for
figures of the 2013 data.
Summer 2014 DO concentrations were similar from July 2014 to September 2014 throughout the
river and tributaries except for the Chulitna River in which the average concentration was around
12.5 mg/L, while the mainstem Susitna averaged 11.5 mg/L. Figure 5.4-2 provides an example
of DO measurements by PRM for each site. All summer DO concentrations measured at
mainstem and tributary sites were within the ADEC water quality criterion of >7.0 mg/L and
<17.0 mg/L. Mainstem winter DO concentrations were a little higher averaging 13.4 mg/L in
January 2014 and 11.7 mg/L in March 2014.
5.4.3. pH
Average pH values in 2013 ranged from pH 8 for the mainstem to lower values in tributaries
(around pH 7), which were observed at the Deshka River. Summer 2014 average pH ranged from
7.7 for the mainstem, while tributary sites had lower pH values of around 7.45 (e.g., Deshka
River). Winter 2014 pH averaged around 7.0. Water quality criteria established by ADEC for
this basin is 6.5 to 8.5 unit pH range; all observations collected at mainstem Susitna River and
tributary sites met this criterion.
5.4.4. Nutrients
Nutrients are defined as nitrate/nitrite, ammonia, TKN, TP, and orthophosphate (Table 4.3 -2).
All baseline water quality nutrient data can be found on the Project website (Table 5.1).
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The orthophosphate concentrations in 2013 ranged from non-detectable to a maximum of 12
µg/L, while ammonia concentrations ranged from non-detectable to a maximum of 0.153 mg/L.
Ammonia concentrations were highest in June, and largely undetectable by September.
The TP results from 2013 did not meet acceptance limits following a quality assurance review.
These results were overestimates due to effects from high concentrations of fine TSS that
affected laboratory analysis method results. Sample results for TKN and nitrate/nitrite were also
suspect, and failed QA/QC review. The rejected data will not be used in calibrating the EFDC
water quality model.
To replace these data, additional samples for TP, TKN, and nitrate/nitrite were collected in
summer 2014. TKN and nitrate/nitrite samples were collected and analyzed normally, and
passed QA/QC review. TP samples were collected using split sample analysis between two
independent laboratories (see Section 4.3.1). Ten 2014 TP samples were also analyzed using two
different analytical methods (one method used to verify results from the other) to estimate the
interference from the TSS and generate a correction factor for the data (see Section 4.3.1).
As a result of the Steps A to D procedure described in Section 4.3.1, the average measured TP
due to interference from TSS was approximately 78% for the EPA Method 365.1 and 80% for
EPA Method 200.8. While the two methods produced similar results, EPA Method 200.8
produced slightly higher results compared with EPA Method 365.1. Overall, the direct
correction of these ten samples produced TP values that are still unexpectedly high for a river
draining a relatively pristine watershed. Corrected TP concentrations ranged from 4 to 197 µg/L
and were generally the highest in June 2014 and July 2014.
Nitrate/nitrite concentrations were lowest in August 2014 and September 2014 and ranged from
non-detect to 170 mg/L. TKN concentrations ranged from non-detectable concentrations to 579
µg/L.
Samples collected in winter (January and March 2014) were analyzed for nutrients.
Nitrate/nitrite concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/L, with concentrations increasing in the
downstream direction. Orthophosphate concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 12 µg/L
and increased with concentrations increasing in the downstream direction. TKN concentrations
in January ranged from 0.25 to 0.45 mg/L (Figure 5.4-3). There was only one TKN detectable
concentration that occurred during the March 2014 sampling event at PRM 185. Corrected TP
concentrations from 2014 winter data ranged from 5 to 20 µg/L.
5.4.5. Chlorophyll-a
Water samples were collected for chl-a analysis at all baseline water quality monitoring locations
in June 2013, July 2013, August 2013, and September 2013 as outlined in Section 5.5.4.4 of the
RSP. Chl-a samples were filtered and frozen at the end of each day. Chl-a concentrations in the
mainstem of the Susitna River ranged from 0 to 2.5 µg/L. Lower concentrations were measured
in June 2013 and July 2013 with only a few locations having concentrations above 0 µg/L (see
ISR Part A Section 5).
Chl-a in streams is usually low in fast-flowing streams with little plankton algae and algae that is
suspended in the water column are eroded from surfaces of bottom substrata. Periphytic, or
attached algae, are the main primary producers in fast-flowing streams and rivers and usually
occur at densities of 50-100 mg/m2 chl-a in oligotrophic waters to several 100 mg/m2 in
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eutrophic waters. Dividing 100 mg/m2 by a stream water column depth of 1 m gives an
equivalent volumetric concentration of 100 mg/m3 or µg/L. Small stream water measured
concentrations of chl-a represent only the sloughing or erosion of attached periphytic algae, the
principal stream producers.
Higher concentrations occurred in August 2013 and September 2013 (Figures 5.4-4 and 5.4-5).
Chl-a concentrations were highest in the Deshka River, the Chulitna River, and at mainstem
stations PRM 87.8 (Susitna at Parks Highway East) and PRM 59.9 (Susitna Station). Figure
5.4-6 and Figure 5.4-7 illustrate chl-a concentrations at Deshka River and PRM 124.2 (Curry
Fishwheel Camp), respectively. Appendix E of the ISR contains chl-a data for all baseline
monitoring locations. The location of the baseline water quality data on the Project website is
also provided in Table 5.1.
Chl-a was sampled only during the winter in 2014. Chl-a concentrations were all non-detectable
in the mainstem of the Susitna River.
5.4.6. Turbidity
In 2013, turbidity samples collected for lab analysis ranged from 95 NTUs (PRM 33.6; Susitna
River above the Yentna River) in September 2013 to 950 NTUs below the Yentna River in July
2013. The Susitna River above the Yentna River had turbidity readings from 650 NTUs to 700
NTUs during the same month (July 2013). The Susitna River at the downstream PRM 29.9 site
had a turbidity range of 750 NTUs to 950 NTUs during the month of July 2013 showing the
influence the Yentna River has on the mainstem of the Susitna River downstream of the
confluence.
Winter 2014 turbidity measurements ranged from 1-4.5 NTUs. These samples were analyzed in
the laboratory only.
Samples were collected and analyzed for turbidity in summer 2014 using both the Hydrolab®
water quality instrument and laboratory analyses. The results were consistent between the
laboratory and field instruments.
Limited 2014 summer baseline sampling for turbidity was as low as 5.5 NTU in the Oshetna
River. Maximum turbidity measurements were made on the mainstem of the Susitna River at
PRM 59.9, with a high of 1,045 NTUs. The lowest turbidity measurement was recorded in
August 2014 and the highest during June 2014. The mainstem turbidity conditions of the Susitna
River are only affected by the largest tributaries. The turbidity in the Lower River mainstem is
influenced by the three major tributaries: the Chulitna, Talkeetna, and Yentna rivers. All
turbidity data collected during 2013 and 2014 can be found on the Project website (refer to Table
5.1 for web links to the data).
5.4.7. Metals
Specific metals analyzed as part of the baseline water quality program are listed in Table 4.3 -2.
After QA/QC review, 2013 total metals results except for Ca and Mg, as well as dissolved Al
were rejected or estimated due to effects from fine TSS. Dissolved metals results that met
acceptance limits were graphed and compared to Alaska Water Quality Standards (AWQS) (an
example is provide in Figure 5.4-8.). Dissolved Fe concentrations in August 2013 exceeded
water quality criteria at three Middle River sites (Figure 5.4-8). Total Mg concentrations were
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often around 10-15 mg/L throughout the river. Dissolved criteria were exceeded each month at
the Deshka River site. Additional dissolved Mg exceedances occurred in August 2013 in the
Lower to Middle River reach.
Water samples were collected again during summer 2014 for metals analyses. The samples were
analyzed for total and dissolved Al, As, barium (Ba), Fe, THg and Mg. Exceedances of AWQS
include total manganese (Mn) at nearly every site in July 2014 and August 2014 and minimal
exceedances in September 2014. Exceptions without exceedances included clear water sites (e.g.,
Deshka River and Talkeetna River) in June 2014. In June 2014, total Fe concentrations also
exceeded AWQS except in the Deshka River and Talkeetna River (Figure 5.4-9, PRM 45.1 and
102.8). As exceeded water quality criteria in July 2014 and August 2014. THg exceeded criteria
(12 ng/L) in June 2014, July 2014, and August 2014 (e.g., the Susitna River at PRM 29.9 and
PRM 87.8, and the Chulitna River) of 2014. There were total Al and dissolved Al concentration
exceedances at nearly every site during all sampling events during 2014.
Water samples collected in winter 2014 were analyzed for metals by a primary laboratory (the
lab used in 2013) and the second (split sample) laboratory (Table 4.3-2). The second (split
sample) laboratory analyzed samples for total and dissolved Al, As, Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn.
SGS performed additional analysis for dissolved and total Cr, cobalt (Co), Cu, Pb, Hg,
molybdenum (Mo), Ni, Se, thallium (Tl), vanadium (Vn), and Zn. The only exceedances of
AWQS for total Al were at PRM 29.9 –analyzed by the primary and secondary laboratories –
and PRM 87.8 – by AR (Figure 5.4-10).
All baseline metals data can be found on the Project website (see Table 5.1).
5.4.8. Total Dissolved Solids and Total Suspended Solids
Water samples were collected in the field for total dissolved solids (TDS) analysis in the
laboratory. Concentrations often ranged from 120-160 mg/L throughout the river. In September
2013 concentrations dropped to around 100 mg/L. Mean TDS concentrations are shown for each
PRM in Figure 5.4-11. September 2013 TDS concentrations in tributaries like the Yentna River,
Deshka River, and Chulitna River did not appear to influence downstream mainstem Susitna
River concentrations as shown in Figure 5.4-11.
TSS concentrations in the summer of 2013 were typically very high in most samples, ranging
from 7.78 to 1,420 mg/L, with a mean of several hundred mg/L for individual sites.
Concentrations were found to decline significantly throughout the summer, with the lowest
concentrations in September 2013, and the highest in June 2013. The Chulitna River had a mean
TSS concentration of 1,000 mg/L. The Talkeetna River had a mean TSS concentration during the
same month of 326 mg/L. Combined, the TSS concentration from these tributaries resulted in an
increased mean TSS concentration at PRM 87.8 (Susitna River at Parks Highway East) of 1,174
mg/L. This pattern of tributary influence on the mainstem of the Susitna River did not occur for
remaining months of July, August, or September 2013.
Only ten samples were analyzed for TSS in 2014, for use in developing a TP correction factor
(see Section 4.3.1) for 2014 data results. Concentrations of TSS ranged from 170 to 750 mg/L at
mainstem sites sampled in 2014.
Winter 2014 samples (January and March) had much lower concentrations of TSS, ranging from
0.645 to 7.5 mg/L at mainstem Susitna River sites.
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All baseline TSS and TDS data can be found on the Project website (see Table 5.1).
5.4.9. Specific Conductance
Specific conductance was determined using field measurements. Values were uniform
throughout the sampling periods in 2013 and 2014, averaging 140 µmhos/cm. Tributaries tended
to have lower specific conductance than the mainstem Susitna River sites. Examples of specific
conductance scatter plots developed for each monitoring location in 2013 are shown in Section 5
of the ISR. An example figure showing summer 2014 specific conductance by PRM developed
for each month is shown in Figure 5.4-12.
Conductivity in mainstem Susitna River samples ranged from 143.7 µmhos/cm to 193.3
µmhos/cm in September 2014 (Figure 5.4-13) with the highest conductivity recorded at PRM
235.2 above the Oshetna River. The lowest conductivity measured was at the Deshka River
(PRM 45.1) which is not fed by glacial runoff with a range from between 44.5 µmhos/cm and
69.2 µmhos/cm. There is an order of magnitude difference contrasted between rivers supplied by
glacial meltwater and those from snow meltwater and rain runoff.
Specific conductance was approximately 200 µmhos/cm in January 2014 and was approximately
250 µmhos/cm in March 2014.
All baseline water quality field data can be found on the Project website (Table 5.1).
5.4.10. Significant Ions
Ions analyzed as part of the baseline water quality program are outlined in Table 4.3-2.
Significant ions analyzed include the cations: Ca, Mg, and Na, and the anions HCO3, CO3 and
SO4. Laboratory analyzed data are available and reported on the Project website (Table 5.1).
5.4.11. Total Hardness
Summer 2013 water samples were collected and analyzed for total hardness in a laboratory.
Hardness concentrations were the lowest in the Deshka and Talkeetna Rivers (around 30 mg/L).
Other sites exhibited higher but uniform hardness values at around 60 mg/L. Total hardness in
winter 2014 and ranged from 60-120 µg/L. Hardness data can be found on the Project website
(Table 5.1).
5.4.12. Total Alkalinity
Summer 2013 water samples were collected and analyzed for total alkalinity in a laboratory.
Alkalinity concentrations were lowest at the Deshka and Talkeetna Rivers (around 35 mg/L).
Other sites had higher but uniform concentrations at around 50 mg/L. Winter 2014 results
(January and March) ranged from 40-95 mg/L. All baseline alkalinity data can be found on the
Project website (see Table 5.1).
5.4.13. Organic Carbon
The sampling frequency for total and dissolved organic carbon (TOC and DOC, respectively) is
presented in Table 4.3-2 and the data can be found on the Project website (see Table 5.1).. In
summer of 2013, TOC was highest at the clear water Deshka River (4 mg/L) (Figure 5.4-14). All
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other sites exhibited lower but largely uniform concentrations of TOC at around 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L.
Winter 2014 TOC ranged from 1.0 to 2.6 mg/L. An example figure with data from January 2014
is shown in Figure 5.4-15.
Summer 2013 DOC results for the same samples show DOC was also highest at the clear water
Deshka River (12.9 mg/L in September). All other sites exhibited largely uniform concentrations
of DOC at around 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L, except in September, when concentrations increased at all
sites to approximately 2 mg/L. Winter 2014 DOC ranged from 0.43 to 2.46 mg/L.
5.4.14. Color
This parameter was collected during water quality baseline monitoring in 2013 only. Apparent
color (i.e., not filtered) was determined in situ. Results were near or greater than 500 for all sites
except for the Deshka River, which was around 25. Apparent color decreased in September 2013
and became varied from site to site. True color (i.e., filtered) values generally ranged from 0 to
50 for all sampling locations. Results are provided in Appendix D of the ISR Part A.
5.4.15. Redox Potential
Redox potential was determined in situ. Results averaged 350 mV in summer 2013, and were
consistent throughout sampling sites and sampling events. Redox potential was also monitored in
summer and winter 2014. Results averaged 400 mV in summer 2014, and were consistent
throughout sampling sites and events. Winter results averaged 400 mV (January) to 440 mV
(March) (Figure 5.4-16). All baseline water quality field data can be found on the Project website
(Table 5.1).
5.4.16. Other Water Quality Parameters
One-time sampling occurred in 2013 for a limited number of analytes (BETX, PAHs,
radionuclides, Al, Cr, Se, fecal coliform, and TOC). Samples were collected in September 2013
for analysis in a laboratory. Specific parameters analyzed are outlined in Table 4.3-2. Fecal
coliform is the only parameter that exceeded AWQS and at only one site. The Deshka River had
concentrations of fecal coliform around 30 cfu/100mL, which exceeded the criteria by 10
cfu/100 mL. Ethylbenzene was detected once at PRM 33.6. Xylene was detected once in Indian
River while napthalene was detected in the Deshka River. The Susitna River at PRM 59.9 was
the only site on the mainstem where naphthalene was found (Figure 5.4-17). All baseline water
quality data are available on the Project website (Table 5.1).
Radionuclides were measured in water samples at all baseline water quality monitoring sites in
September 2013. Uranium concentrations were detected at each of the sites, but at concentrations
below the ADEC drinking water criterion of 30 µg/L (Figure 5.4-18). The highest concentration
of uranium measured at baseline water quality sites was at the Chulitna River. The second
highest uranium concentrations were measured one time in the Yentna River and in the Susitna
River at Sunshine (PRM 29.9, below the Yentna River confluence).
5.5. Focus Area Water Quality
Analytical parameters for each Focus Area site sampled are summarized in Table 4.3-2. Focus
Areas were re-sampled in 2014 for select water quality parameters for which the 2013 samples
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failed to meet quality assurance criteria. The water quality parameters that were rejected from the
2013 data validation/verification process for failing to meet quality assurance criteria are
described above in Section 5.1.1. All in situ and laboratory determined parameters were assessed
for QA/QC and summarized below. These data are available on the Project website (Table 5.1).
5.5.1. Water Temperature
Water temperature measurements were collected in situ. FAs were monitored in 2013 beginning
July 22, 2013 through August 26, 2013. Water temperatures were higher at all FAs nearer the
end of July 2013 with site averages around 14°C. The lowest temperatures occurred during the
end of August 2013 and averaged around 9°C. Point sample temperatures differed from the
mainflow areas of the FAs and were either higher or lower than at transects, depending on the
date sampled (3 sampling events occurred at the FAs during 2013). A complete set of Focus
Area field parameters are included in the ISR Part A Appendix G and temperature data figures
are included in the ISR Part A Section 5.
In 2014, temperatures were highest in July, with site transect averages around 10.3°C. The
lowest temperatures recorded were during September 2014 and averaged around 8.5°C. Point
sample temperatures were generally lower than temperature recorded from transect samples.
Figure 5.4-19, reports temperatures for FA-104 (Whiskers Slough) during the abbreviated site
sampling of FAs in 2014. Similar figures are posted to the Project web site and accompany
finalized data sets for 2013 and 2014.
5.5.2. Dissolved Oxygen
DO concentrations were determined in situ. On average, measurements in the main channel of
each FA were around 11 to 12 mg/L. Sloughs, such as FA-144 (Slough 21) had lower
concentrations with an average of 7 to 8 mg/L. The last sampling event at the end of August
2013 had the highest DO average concentrations at FAs near 12 mg/L.
5.5.3. pH
Measurements for pH were determined in situ. During all sampling events, pH values tended to
be uniform around pH 7.5 to 8. Point samples in sloughs, e.g., FA-144 (Slough 21), were often
slightly lower (average near pH 7), depending on location.
5.5.4. Nutrients
Nutrients are defined as nitrate/nitrite, ammonia, TKN, TP, and orthophosphate (Table 4.3-2).
The orthophosphate concentrations in 2013 ranged from non-detectable to a maximum of 60
µg/L in all Focus Areas, while ammonia concentrations ranged from non-detectable to a
maximum of 0.153 mg/L. Ammonia concentrations were highest in June, and largely
undetectable by September.
As previously described, the TP results from 2013 did not meet acceptance limits following a
quality assurance review. To replace these data, additional samples for TKN and nitrate/nitrite
were collected in summer 2014. TKN and nitrate/nitrite samples were collected and analyzed
normally, and passed QA/QC review. Nitrate/nitrite concentrations were lowest in August 2014
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and September 2014 and ranged from non-detectable to 1.8 mg/L. TKN concentrations ranged
from non-detectable concentrations to 1.6 mg/L (example data from FA-141 shown in Figure
5.4-20).
5.5.5. Chlorophyll-a
Water samples were collected for chl-a samples in Focus Areas at all surface water transect
locations as well as at point sample locations as reported in Section 5.5.4.5 of the RSP. Chl-a
concentrations ranged from 0 to 3.5 µg/L in the Focus Areas for all three sampling events in
2013. The maximum chl-a concentration was observed at FA-144 (Slough 21) in the upstream
transect of the mainstem on August 21, 2013. Chl-a concentrations varied in all Focus Areas
among mainstem surface water transects and point samples with concentrations in sloughs, side
channels, and side sloughs being generally higher than in the mainstem. Mean chl-a
concentrations at the Focus Areas can be found in Appendix G of the ISR. All chl-a data can be
found on the Project website (Table 5.1).
5.5.6. Turbidity
Water samples were collected for turbidity analysis and determined in a laboratory as well as in
the field using a Hydrolab® water quality instrument. Quality assurance review of turbidity data
using the Hydrolab® did not meet acceptance limits following quality assurance review.
Turbidity measurements reported from the laboratory samples were valid with very few
measurements that had qualifications and are cleared for further use. Turbidity measurements
were determined again in 2014.
Turbidity measurements collected at Focus Areas were from the mainstem and from side-channel
point locations. Mainstem Focus Area turbidity measurements were similar to conditions at the
baseline monitoring sites where low turbidity measurements (1.4 NTU) were locations where
clearwater tributaries (FA-144 (Slough 21)) entered the main channel and water separated from
the more turbid mainstem Susitna River water. Other mainstem Susitna River locations had
turbidity as high as 547 NTUs reflecting a well-mixed mainstem location (FA-113 (Oxbow I)).
5.5.7. Metals
Water samples were collected in the field for metals analysis in a laboratory. Specific metals
analyzed as part of the Focus Area water quality program are outlined in Table 4.3-2. After
QA/QC review, the 2013 samples for total metals, except for Ca and Mg, as well as dissolved Al,
were reported as either not included or estimated, due to errors in laboratory analysis from matrix
interference. Dissolved metals that passed data validation requirements were graphically
compared to AWQS (e.g., Fe, Figure 5.4-21). Dissolved Fe concentrations exceeded water
quality criteria at the following Focus Areas: FA-128 (Slough 8A), FA-138 (Gold Creek), FA-
141 (Indian River), and FA-144 (Slough 21). All baseline water quality data can be found on the
Project website (Table 5.1).
Water samples were collected again from the Focus Areas in 2014 and analyzed. AWQS for
total and dissolved Al, Fe and Mn were exceeded at nearly every Focus Area sampling site
during July. Concentrations were lower during September 2014 with few exceedances (see
example Figure 5.4-22).
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5.5.8. Specific Conductance
Specific conductance was collected in situ and averaged 150 µmhos/cm for most transect sites.
Point samples were either lower or higher depending on location. For example, the side slough in
FA-104 (Whiskers Slough) averaged 25 µmhos/cm in 2013.
5.5.9. Total Hardness
Water samples were collected for total hardness determined in a laboratory. Hardness
concentrations were the highest at FA-138 (Slough 11) at around 140 mg/L. Other sites exhibited
similar hardness values at around 500-100 mg/L.
5.5.10. Organic Carbon
Water samples were collected for organic carbon (TOC) analysis in a laboratory. The sampling
frequency for TOC are presented in Table 4.3-2. TOC was highest overall at all sites during the
end of August and highest at FA-104 (Whiskers Slough) at 10 mg/L. All other sites during the
end of July through early August exhibited similar concentrations of TOC at around 0.5 to 1.0
mg/L (example data from FA-128 shown in Figure 5.4-23).
5.5.11. Redox Potential
Redox potential was measured in in situ. Values were uniform throughout the areas, with an
average range of 300 to 350 mV in 2013, and 400 to 450 mV in 2014.
5.6. Sediment Samples for Mercury/Metals in the Reservoir Area
Sediment and porewater samples were collected from four locations in 2013: Mouth of Oshetna
Creek, Mouth of Kosina Creek, Mouth of Goose Creek, and the Mouth of Jay Creek (Study 5.7
ISR Figures 4.2-14 and 4.2-15). Example results are shown for Zn in Figures 5.5-1 through 5.5-
2. All sediment and porewater data are available on the Project website (see Table 5.1). In 2014,
sediment and porewater samples were collected from ten locations including the six sites that
were inaccessible in 2013. Laboratory results for these samples are presented in graphical form
as examples shown in Figure 5.5-3 and Figure 5.5-4.
5.7. Baseline Metals in Fish Tissue
The results of this study component were reported in the ISR Part A. No additional work
occurred in 2014.
5.8. Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing
The results of this study component were reported in the ISR Part A Section 5.7 and Appendix J.
No additional work occurred in 2014.
5.9. Groundwater Quality in Selected Habitats
The results of the groundwater sampling can be found in the Groundwater Study (Study 5.7) ISR
Part A and the Study Implementation Report.
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6. DISCUSSION
The data collected as part of this study is intended to establish a baseline of information used for
comparison with post-Project conditions. It will also be used to provide input data for models
used to predict water quality conditions after construction of the dam. Several elements of the
water quality are intended solely to support other studies, and are not discussed in this section:
The TIR study was created to help identify sections of the river that may be under
significant groundwater influence, as part of Study 8.5 (Fish and Aquatics Instream Flow
Study Implementation Report or SIR). The complete dataset is provided in Study 5.5 ISR.
Mercury sediment, surface water, and porewater sampling, while conducted in
conjunction with the other water quality sampling, is discussed in the Study 5.7 Mercury
Assessment and Potential for Bioaccumulation SIR.
All fish, bird, and mammal tissue sampling is discussed in the Study 5.7 Mercury
Assessment and Potential for Bioaccumulation SIR.
Groundwater samples were collected in support of the Instream Flow Study (8.5) and the
Groundwater Study (7.5). The results are discussed there.
The following sections summarize the adequacy of data collected in meeting Study objectives as
listed in Section 5.5.1 of the RSP.
6.1. Historical Water Quality Data
Water quality monitoring information was examined from historical sources and compared with
data collected in this study (Table 6.1-1 through Table 6.1-3). The current water quality data set
is more comprehensive than the historic data set and fills in gaps of information that have been
important for developing the EFDC model (Study 5.6). Based on a review of this data, it appears
that the range of conditions in the Susitna Basin have not changed significantly since the 1980s.
The available historical data is useful and appropriate for use in calibrating the models, but is not
high enough resolution to serve as the primary source of information to support the modeling.
Comparison with historical data shows that water quality conditions have not changed over the
past approximately 30 years and is typical of water quality in glacial-fed Alaska streams.
6.2. TP Corrected Results
TSS concentrations in the Susitna River affected results for analyses of TP in grab samples
collected for baseline and Focus Area water quality monitoring. Analysis of redigested samples
from 2014 by ARI demonstrated that TSS accounted for an average 80% overestimate of the TP
reported using the two EPA methods. As a result, 2014 TP results for sites where split samples
were not collected were corrected by subtracting the average overestimate (80%) accounted for
by TSS [𝑇𝑃𝐶𝑛𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑡𝑐𝑐=𝑇𝑃𝑊�𝑛𝑙𝑐−(𝑇𝑃𝑊�𝑛𝑙𝑐∗0.8)]. The correction factor provides an accurate
estimate based on laboratory results demonstrating the influence of TSS in estimating TP.
Total phosphorus concentrations estimated from samples collected in 2013 did not meet
acceptance limits established in the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). Specifically, the
matrix spikes and matrix spike duplicates demonstrated an over-recovery of the known amount
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and this translated into overestimation of TP in the samples. Laboratory results for TP were
further examined in 2014 by determining the source of the overestimate by testing effects from
sample collection bottles, preservative used in the field, and by laboratory split sample analysis.
Initial indication of a problem with TP concentration estimates was from sites in the basin with
high turbidity and concentrations of TP were two to three orders of magnitude higher than sites
with little or no turbidity. Winter 2014 samples from mainstem sites had little to no turbidity and
had TP concentrations that were low in comparison to TP concentrations at the same sites in
summer 2013 where overestimates were identified. Other indicators confirming a problem with
overestimation of TP concentrations included: no increase in Chl a, conductivity, SRP (soluble
reactive phosphorus), or Nitrogen (TKN). Some TP concentrations were representative of levels
that are measured from raw sewage samples and this is not reflective of the Susitna River basin
or the geochemistry. It was also noted that in estimating TP concentrations from samples
collected from glacial meltwater that “interference” by fine suspended solids is an issue with
analytical methods. There is no historical TP data available from the 1980s studies that could be
summarized in an initial data gaps report (URS 2011) and used for comparison with the current
Study 5.5. Comparing ratios of total nitrogen (TN) to total phosphorus (TP) is a common way to
evaluate the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in freshwater ecosystems (commonly
referred to as the Redfield Ratio; Redfield 1934). This N:P ratio is constant throughout nature
(16:1) with little deviation among ecosystems. In evaluating the 2013 laboratory results using
this established relationship for N:P, nitrogen was often one to two orders of magnitude lower
than phosphorus and this does not occur in nature.
6.3. Comparison to Regulatory Standards
Protected water use classes and subclasses in Alaska are defined for freshwater and marine water
resources in 18 AAC 70.020(a). Water quality standards for these protected uses are described in
18 AAC 70 (AWQS amended as of April 8, 2012), and the Alaska Water Quality Criteria
Manual for Toxic and Other Deleterious Organic and Inorganic Substances as amended through
December 12, 2008, and have been adopted by ADEC. The numeric criteria (Table 6.3-1 and
Table 6.3-2) apply to uses such as drinking water, stock water and irrigation, freshwater aquatic
life, marine aquatic life, wildlife, and human health for consumption of water and/or aquatic
organisms.
The concentration of contaminants in the Susitna River can also be compared to the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Screening Quick Reference Tables
(SQuiRTs) (Table 6.3-3).
In summary, the concentrations of several metals routinely exceeded both NOAA SQuiRT and
AWQS. The metals that most commonly exceeded standards were:
2013
Dissolved Fe concentrations in August 2013 exceeded water quality criteria at three
Middle River sites.
Total Mg concentrations were often around 10-15 mg/L throughout the river.
Dissolved Mn criteria were exceeded each month at the Deshka River site. Additional
dissolved Mn exceedances occurred in August 2013 in the Lower to Middle River reach.
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2014
Total Mn at nearly every site in July 2014 and August 2014 and minimal exceedances in
September 2014. Exceptions without exceedances included clear water sites (e.g., Deshka
River and Talkeetna River) in June 2014.
In June 2014, total Fe concentrations exceeded ADEC water quality criteria except in the
Deshka River and Talkeetna River (Figure 5.4-9). Total Fe concentrations also exceeded
criteria later in the summer (summer 2014 total Fe at PRM 235.2 and PRM 29.9 shown in
Figures 6.3-1 and 6.3-2).
As exceeded water quality criteria in July 2014 and August 2014.
THg exceeded criteria (12 ng/L) in June 2014, July 2014, and August 2014 (e.g., Susitna
River at PRM 29.9 and PRM 87.8, and the Chulitna River) of 2014.
There were total Al and dissolved Al concentration exceedances at nearly every site
during all sampling events during 2014 (summer 2014 total Al at PRM 235.2 and PRM
29.9 shown in Figures 6.3-3 and 6.3-4).
Exceedances of surface water quality standards by natural surface water are not uncommon in
Alaska, particularly by these metals. The cause is usually the result of naturally occurring
minerals or the degradation of naturally-occurring organic compounds (USGS 2001). It should
be also noted that the Susitna River basin is a productive and natural ecological environment, and
these natural exceedances do not appear to be adversely impacting wildlife.
6.4. Variation in Analyte Concentration by Season
Significant changes in select water quality parameters were observed between summer and
winter. This was especially the case where TSS reach a maximum of 780 mg/L at PRM 29.9
during July 2013 (Figure 6.4-1) and low of 0.65 mg/L in March 2014. A greater seasonal
difference was for TSS was recorded at PRM 140.1 where the maximum concentration was
1,050 mg/L in June 2013 (Figure 6.4-2) and 1.55 mg/L in January 2014. The same pattern
existed for turbidity at these two sites (Figure 6.4-3 and Figure 6.4-4). Water temperature varies
on a daily basis, as well as on a monthly average, and displays a distinct seasonal pattern (Figure
5.2-5). Concentrations of metals, especially the total fractions (e.g., Zn, Figure 6.4-5), closely
track TSS trends (Figure 6.4-1) whereas dissolved organic carbon (Figure 6.4-6) is closely
associated with dissolved metals (e.g., Zn, Figure 6.4-7) fractions in water (Rember and Trefry
2003).
6.5. Adequacy of Data to Support Modeling
Water quality data rejected for failing to meet quality assurance performance thresholds from the
2013 monitoring effort in both the Baseline Monitoring and Focus Area Monitoring programs
prompted additional sampling in 2014. Even though rejected data from 2013 resulted in an
overestimate of concentrations for select water quality parameters, data generated at the same
locations from baseline monitoring and from Focus Area monitoring in 2014 were validated and
will be used for calibration of the water quality model (Study 5.6).
Water quality data was validated using the thresholds reported in Section A.7.2 in Attachment 5 -
1 of Section 5 in the RSP. During this validation process a number of data observations
representing several parameters from 2013 sampling were rejected from further use.
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Concentrations for these rejected water quality data are biased high and may exceed many of the
water quality criteria if not flagged and re-evaluated for more accurate estimates by accounting
for interference elements in the water (e.g., TSS and sample preservative). Water quality data
collected in 2014 at all baseline monitoring locations and Focus Areas were corrected for
elements interfering with accurate estimates for concentration. These data can be used without
further qualification in calibration of the water quality model.
The data set collected for this study is very large, with thousands of measurements collected over
three years from multiple locations between Susitna Station (PRM 29.9) and the Oshetna River
(PRM 235.2). Combined with the historical data set from the 1980s, the entire data set is more
than sufficient to generate and support the water quality model (Study 5.6), which is the primary
goal of this study.
6.6. Stream Temperature Monitoring and Meteorological Data
Stream temperature data was collected from June 2012 until September 2014. This represented
three years of monitoring data collection. Temperature data was not collected continuously at
every planned baseline monitoring sites due to site access limitations in 2013 as described in
Section 6 of Study 5.5 ISR Part A and loss of loggers. The lack of continuous temperature data
at every site over the three year period will not impact the results of this study, given that
relatively little variation in temperature was noted between monitoring sites on the river and
many sites throughout the river were monitored at some time during the 3-year period. Table
6.1-1 compares historic temperature data ranges with current data ranges collected during 2013
and 2014. Based on similarity of temperature data collected at each of the sites from 2012
through 2014 and in comparison to historic temperature data, the current data set is considered
adequate to finalize calibration of the temperature water quality model. The first two years o f
temperature data (2012 and 2013) are currently being used to calibrate the water quality model
and the 2014 temperature data is being used as an independent data set for verification of model
accuracy.
6.7. Extension of Water Quality Model
Extending the water quality model below PRM 29.9 was evaluated and results reported in a
Technical Memorandum filed September 2014. Calibration temperature and dissolved oxygen
data were used from a wet year (model runs over a three-year period ended in 1981) and a dry
year (model runs over a three-year period ended in 1976) (Section 5.2, AEA 2014c). Findings
from this study showed little or no change in water temperature patterns throughout the year.
Similarly, dissolved oxygen concentrations are expected to show no difference between pre-
Project and Post-project conditions below PRM 29.9. The model runs demonstrated that oxygen
remained near saturated, especially in the lower 90 miles of the river. The primary factor that
promotes near saturation of oxygen is surface water temperature. No further water quality
sampling or modeling will be conducted below PRM 29.9 shows little or no change in
temperature patterns over the year.
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7. CONCLUSION
The Baseline Water Quality Study was completed to support development of water quality
models. The field work, data collection, data analysis, and reporting for this Baseline Water
Quality Study successfully met all study objectives in the FERC -approved Study Plan. A
complete data set has been generated for both the baseline and Focus Area sites that meet study
objectives.
8. LITERATURE CITED
AEA (Alaska Energy Authority). 2012. Revised Study Plan: Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric
Project FERC Project No. 14241. December 2012. Prepared for the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission by the Alaska Energy Authority, Anchorage, Alaska.
http://www.susitna-watanahydro.org/study-plan.
AEA (Alaska Energy Authority). 2013. Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Pilot Test. February
2013. Alaska Energy Authority, Anchorage, AK. 25p.
AEA (Alaska Energy Authority). 2014a. Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project (FERC No.
14241) Baseline Water Quality Study (Study 5.5) and Water Quality Modeling Study
(Study 5.6): Water Quality and Lower River Modeling Technical Memorandum. Alaska
Energy Authority, Anchorage, AK. 35p.
AEA (Alaska Energy Authority). 2014b. Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project (FERC No.
14241) Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for Water Quality (WQ) and Mercury
Assessment. Initial Study Report: Part B-Attachment 1 (Baseline Water Quality Study
Plan Section 5.5. Alaska Energy Authority, Anchorage, AK. 111p.
AEA (Alaska Energy Authority). 2014c. Baseline Water Quality Study Plan Section 5.5: Initial
Study Report. June 2014. Prepared for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission by
the Alaska Energy Authority, Anchorage, Alaska. http://www.susitna-
watanahydro.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/05.5_WQ_ISR_PartA_3_of_6_App_A.pdf
Redfield A.C. 1934. On the proportions of organic derivations in sea water and their relation to
the composition of plankton. In James Johnstone Memorial Volume. (ed. R.J. Daniel).
University Press of Liverpool, pp. 176–192
Rember, R.D., and Trefry, J.H., 2004. Increased concentrations of dissolved trace metals and
organic carbon during snowmelt in rivers of the Alaskan Arctic. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 477– 489, 2004
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 35 November 2015
United States Geological Survey (USGS). 2001. Ground-Water Studies in Fairbanks, Alaska—A
Better Understanding of Some of the United States’ Highest Natural Arsenic
Concentrations. USGS Fact Sheet FS-11100.
URS. 2011. AEA Susitna Water Quality and Sediment Transport Data Gap Analysis Report.
Prepared by Tetra Tech, URS, and Arctic Hydrologic Consultants. Anchorage, Alaska.
62p. +Appendixes
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
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9. TABLES
Table 4.1-1. Susitna River Basin Temperature and Water Quality Monitoring Sites
Water Temperature Water Quality Monitoring
Location
Rationale
Historic Current Historic Current
PRM Description Latitude
(WGS84)
Longitude
(WGS84) W S S W S W S W S S W S
2012
2
0
1
2
-
2
0
1
3
2013
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
1
4
2014 2013
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
1
4
2014
19.9
Susitna above
Alexander
Creek
61.43903 -150.48456 X X X X
Outer Project area
site (above the
“Beluga Line”)
29.9 Susitna
Station 61.54428 -150.51556 X X X X X X X X X Influence of
upstream tributary
32.51 Yentna River 61.587604 -150.48301 X X X X X X X X X X X Major Tributary
33.6 Susitna above
Yentna 61.57595 -150.42741 X X X X X X X Above major
tributary
45.11 Deshka River 61.710142 -150.32470 X X X X X X Major Tributary
59.9 Susitna 61.86220 -150.18463 X X X X X X X Above major
tributary
87.8
Susitna at
Parks
Highway East
62.174531 -150.173677 X X X X X X X X
Mainstem river site
88.3
Susitna at
Parks
Highway West
62.181096 -150.16787 X X X X X X X X X
Side channel
habitat connected
with the mainstem
99.2 LRX 1 62.306018 -150.108764 X X X X X Below confluence
of major tributary
102.41 Chulitna River 62.567703 -150.23782 X X X X X X X X X X X
Major Tributary
(Chulitna site is
below the bridge
crossing on
Chulitna River at
George Parks
Highway)
102.81 Talkeetna
River 62.34243 -150.11266 X X X X X X Major Tributary
107 Susitna River
at Talkeetna 62.39724 -150.13728 X X X X X X
Downstream of
existing townsite;
Historic (1980s)
monitoring site
116.7 LRX 18 62.526527 -150.114671 X X X X
Upstream of
existing townsite
124.2
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
62.61783 -150.01373 X X X X X X
Important side
channel habitat
129.6 Slough 8A 62.670479 -149.903241 X X X X
Important side
channel habitat
129.9 LRX 29 62.673914 -149.899025 X X X
Historic (1980s)
monitoring site
132.7 Slough 9 62.702358 -149.841895 X X X X
Important side
channel habitat
134.1 LRX 35 62.713854 -149.808926 X X X X
Historic (1980s)
monitoring site
140 Susitna near
Gold Creek 62.767054 -149.693532 X X X X X
Below confluence
of major tributary
140.11 Gold Creek 62.767892 -149.68978 X X X X X X X X X X Major Tributary
141.0 Slough 16B 62.780204 -149.68536 X X X X Important side
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Water Temperature Water Quality Monitoring
Location
Rationale
Historic Current Historic Current
PRM Description Latitude
(WGS84)
Longitude
(WGS84) W S S W S W S W S S W S
2012
2
0
1
2
-
2
0
1
3
2013
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
1
4
2014 2013
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
1
4
2014
channel habitat
142.21 Indian River 62.78635 -149.65878 X X X X X Major Tributary
142.3 Susitna above
Indian River 62.785776 -149.64890 X X X X X X
Historic (1980s)
monitoring site
143.6 Slough 19 62.793819 -149.614255 X X X X
Important side
channel habitat
143.6 LRX 53 62.79427 -149.61327 X X X X X
Historic (1980s)
monitoring site
145.6 Slough 21 62.814667 -149.575329 X X X
Important side
channel habitat
152.2 Susitna below
Portage Creek 62.830397 -149.382743 X X X X X Downstream of
major tributary
152.31 Portage Creek 62.830379 -149.380289 X X Major Tributary
152.7 Susitna above
Portage Creek 62.827002 -149.
827002 X X X X X X Historic (1980s)
monitoring site
168.1 Susitna 62.791696 -148.993825 X Mid-point between
neighboring sites
183.1
Susitna below
Tsusena
Creek
62.81348 -148.656868 X X
Downstream of
major tributary
184.8
Susitna River
ab. Tsusena
Creek
62.821783 -148.606809 X X
Major Tributary
187.2
Susitna at
Watana Dam
site
62.82260 -148.55300 X X X X X
Boundary condition
between the
reservoir and
riverine models
196.8
Susitna River
above Watana
Creek
62.82960 -148.25900 X
Major tributary
stream to the
proposed reservoir
209.2
Susitna River
above Kosina
Creek
62.78220 -147.94000 X X X X X
Major tributary
stream to the
proposed reservoir
225.5 Susitna near
Cantwell 62.70520 -147.53800 X
Uppermost
mainstem site in
the proposed
reservoir
235.22 Oshetna River 62.63961 -147.383109 X X X X X X X Major tributary in
the Project Area
Notes:
PRM=Susitna River Project River Mile
W= Winter
S=Summer
1 indicates the Susitna River PRM at the confluence of the tributary (samples collected from the tributary)
2 indicates an alternate monitoring location from PRM 225.5 due to river inaccessibility by helicopter during summer sample collection
(continuous temperature data was collected in the tributary and water quality samples were collected on the Susitna River above the tributary)
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Table 4.3-1. Sample Location and Frequency for Monthly Baseline Water Quality Sampling
Project
River Mile
(PRM)1 Description
Sample Date(s)
Summer 2013 Winter 2014 Summer 2014
29.9 Susitna Station
6/25/2013 1/28/2014 6/24/2014
7/19/2013 3/10/2014 7/23/2014
8/19/2013 8/14/2014
9/15/2013 9/11/2014
32.5 Yentna River
6/26/2013 6/24/2014
8/18/2013 7/23/2014
7/19/2013 8/14/2014
9/15/2013 9/11/2014
33.6 Susitna above Yentna
6/27/2013 6/24/2014
8/19/2013 7/23/2014
7/20/2013 8/14/2014
9/16/2013 9/11/2014
45.1 Deshka River
6/28/2013 6/24/2014
8/19/2013 7/23/2014
7/19/2013 8/14/2014
9/16/2013 9/11/2014
59.9 Susitna
6/29/2013 6/24/2014
7/19/2013 7/23/2014
8/19/2013 8/14/2014
9/17/2013 9/11/2014
87.8 Susitna at Parks Highway East
6/21/2013 1/28/2014 6/19/2014
7/17/2013 3/10/2014 7/22/2014
8/17/2013 8/13/2014
9/14/2013 9/9/2014
102.4 Chulitna River
6/24/2013 6/19/2014
7/16/2013 7/22/2014
8/17/2013 8/13/2014
9/13/2013 9/9/2014
102.8 Talkeetna River
6/22/2013 6/19/2014
7/15/2013 7/22/2014
8/16/2013 8/13/2014
9/9/2013 9/9/2014
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Project
River Mile
(PRM)1 Description
Sample Date(s)
Summer 2013 Winter 2014 Summer 2014
107 Susitna River near Talkeetna
6/21/2013 6/19/2014
7/18/2013 7/22/2014
8/16/2013 8/13/2014
9/9/2013 9/9/2014
124.2 Curry Fishwheel Camp
6/22/2013 6/19/2014
7/18/2013 7/22/2014
8/15/2013 8/12/2014
9/10/2013 9/9/2014
140.1 Gold Creek
6/23/2013 1/30/2014 6/18/2014
7/17/2013 3/12/2014 7/21/2014
8/17/2013 8/12/2014
9/10/2013 9/8/2014
142.2 Indian River
6/23/2013 6/18/2014
7/16/2013 7/21/2014
8/14/2013 8/11/2014
9/11/2013 9/8/2014
142.3 Susitna above Indian River
6/24/2013 6/18/2014
7/15/2013 7/21/2014
8/13/2013 8/11/2014
9/11/2013 9/8/2014
152.31 Portage Creek
7/30/2013 6/18/2014
8/14/2013 7/21/2014
9/12/2013 8/11/2014
9/8/2014
152.7 Susitna above Portage Creek
7/30/2013 6/18/2014
8/14/2013 7/21/2014
9/12/2013 8/11/2014
9/8/2014
174 Above Dam Point Sample
8/18/2013
8/31/2013
9/20/2013
1851 Susitna above Tsusena Creek
1/29/2014
3/11/2014
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Project
River Mile
(PRM)1 Description
Sample Date(s)
Summer 2013 Winter 2014 Summer 2014
187.2/187.71 Susitna at Watana Dam Site
7/2/2013 6/22/2014
7/22/2013 7/20/2014
8/18/2013 8/11/2014
8/31/2013 9/14/2014
9/20/2013
225 Susitna at Cantwell 1/29/2014
3/11/2014
235/235.21 Oshetna Creek
7/2/2013 6/22/2014
7/22/2013 7/20/2014
8/31/2013 8/11/2014
9/20/2013 9/14/2014
Notes:
1 Sites slightly modified due to helicopter landing access with no expected differences in water quality parameters.
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
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Table 4.3-2. Water Quality Study Sampling Parameters and Schedule
Parameter
Baseline
Water Quality
(collected monthly)
Focus Areas
(3 sampling events;
sampling every 2 weeks)
Mercury Assessment
(one-time survey)2
Surface
Water
Ground
Water
Sediment
(Total)
Porewater
(Dissolved)
Tissue
(Total)
In Situ Water Quality Parameters
Water Temperature 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Dissolved Oxygen 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
pH 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Specific Conductance 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Turbidity 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Redox Potential 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Color 2013 2013
Residues 20131
Other Water Quality Parameters (grab samples for laboratory analysis)
Hardness 2013 2013 2013/2014 2013/2014
Alkalinity 2013 2013/2014
Nitrate/Nitrite 2013 2013/2014 2014
Ammonia as N 2013 2013 2014
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 2013 2013/2014 2013/2014
Total Phosphorus 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Orthophosphate 2013/2014 2013 2013/2014
Chlorophyll-a 2013/2014 2013 2013
Total Dissolved Solids 2013/2014
Total Suspended Solids 2013/2014
Total Organic Carbon 2013/20141 2013 2013/2014 2013/2014
Dissolved Organic Carbon 2013/2014 2013 2013/2014 2013/2014
Fecal Coliform 20131
Petroleum Hydrocarbons 20131
Radioactivity 20131
Metals
Aluminum 2013/20141 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013 2013/2014
Arsenic 2013/2014 2014 2013/2014 2013 2013
Barium 2013/2014 2014
Beryllium 2013/2014
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Parameter
Baseline
Water Quality
(collected monthly)
Focus Areas
(3 sampling events;
sampling every 2 weeks)
Mercury Assessment
(one-time survey)2
Surface
Water
Ground
Water
Sediment
(Total)
Porewater
(Dissolved)
Tissue
(Total)
Cadmium 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013
Calcium 2013/2014 2013 2013 2013/2014
Chromium (Total) 2013/20141 2013
Cobalt 2013/2014
Copper 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Iron 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Lead 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Manganese 2013/2014 2014
Magnesium 2013/2014 2013 2013 2013/2014
Mercury 2013/2014 2013/2014
(total)
2013/2014
(total) 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013
Methyl mercury 2013/2014 (dissolved) 2013
(dissolved)
2014
(dissolved) 2013
Molybdenum 2013/2014
Nickel 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Selenium 2013/20141 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013
Thallium 2013/2014
Vanadium 2013/2014
Zinc 2013/2014 2013/2014 2013/2014
Sediment Size 2013/2014
Total Solids 2013/2014 2013
Notes:
1 One-time survey
2 Refer to ISR Section 5.7 for details
Metals in surface water were analyzed for dissolved and total concentrations.
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
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Table 5.1. Location of Data on the Project Website
Data Description File Location
2013 Data
2013 Continuous
Water Temperature
Monitoring
http://gis.suhydro.org/isr/05-Water_Quality/5.5-
Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR_5.5_WQ_AppendixA_Continuous_Temp_Mon/
2013 Meteorological
Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/isr/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/
2013 Baseline Water
Quality Field Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/isr/05-Water_Quality/5.5-
Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR_5.5_WQ_AppendixD_Baseline_WQ_FieldData/
2013 Baseline Water
Quality Chlorophyll
a Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/isr/05-Water_Quality/5.5-
Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR_5.5_WQ_AppendixE_Basline_WQ_Chla/
2013 Focus Area
Water Quality Field
Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/isr/05-Water_Quality/5.5-
Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR_5.5_WQ_AppendixG_FocusArea_FieldData/
2013 Focus Area
Water Quality
Chlorophyll a Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/isr/05-Water_Quality/5.5-
Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR_5.5_WQ_AppendixH_FocusArea_Chl/
2013 Baseline Water
Quality Laboratory
Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2013%20Lab%20Data/
2013 Focus Area
Water Quality
Laboratory Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2013%20Lab%20Data/
2013 Focus Area
Groundwater
Quality Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2013%20Lab%20Data/
2013 Sediment and
Porewater Field
Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2013%20Lab%20Data/
2013 Sediment and
Porewater
Laboratory Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2013%20Lab%20Data/
2013 Fish Tissue
Metals Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2013%20Lab%20Data/
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Data Description File Location
2014 Data
2014 Continuous
Water Temperature
Monitoring
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Continuous%20Temperature%20Data%20
QC3%5b1%5d/
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Continuous%20Temperature%20Data%20
QC3%5b2%5d/
2014 Meteorological
Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20MET%20Station%20Data%20QC3/
2014 Baseline Water
Quality Field Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Baseline%20Winter%20Field%20Data%20
QC3/
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Baseline%20Summer%20Field%20Data%2
0QC3/
2014 Baseline Water
Quality Laboratory
Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Baseline%20Winter%20Lab%20Data%20Q
C3/
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Baseline%20Summer%20Lab%20Data%20
QC3/
2014 Total
Phosphorus Data
(Corrected)
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Corrected%20TP%20Data%20QC3/
2014 Focus Area
Water Quality Field
Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Focus%20Area%20Summer%20Field%20D
ata%20QC3/
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 45 November 2015
Data Description File Location
2014 Focus Area
Water Quality Lab
Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Focus%20Area%20Winter%20Lab%20Data
%20QC3/
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Focus%20Area%20Summer%20Lab%20Da
ta%20QC3/
2014 Sediment and
Porewater Field
Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Sediment%20Porewater%20Field%20Data
%20QC3/
2014 Sediment and
Porewater Lab Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Sediment%20Lab%20Data%20QC3/
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Porewater%20Lab%20Data%20QC3/
2014 Focus Area
Winter Groundwater
Quality Data
http://gis.suhydro.org/Post_ISR/05-Water_Quality/5.5-Baseline_Water_Quality/ISR-
MTG_5_5_WQ_2014_LabData/SuWa%20WQ%202014%20Focus%20Area%20Winter%20GW%20Well
%20Lab%20Data%20QC3/
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 46 November 2015
Table 5.1-1. Summary of Quality Assurance Results (2013)
Rejected Samples (Applicable to a Small Group of Water Quality Parameters)
No. Observations* No. Rejected Samples** % Rejected Samples
Baseline 19,828 1,711 9%
Focus Area 4,217 1,399 33%
Holding Time Exceedances
No.
Observations
No. Qualified Samples outside hold
time
% Qualified due to holding
time exceedance
Baseline 19,828 6 (Orthophosphate and Nitrate/Nitrite
were “J” qualified ***) 0.03%
Focus Area 4,217 0 0
Temperature Exceedances in Coolers****
Total No. Sample
Bottles
No. Sample
Bottles in
Coolers above
6oC
No. Sample
Bottles in
Coolers below
0oC
% Exceeding Transport
Cooler Temperature
Acceptance Limits
Baseline + Focus Area 10,496 256 416
2.4% above 6oC
4% below 0oC;
Only a fraction of parameters
were qualified in the
spreadsheet database as
minor cooler temperature
excursions above or below
the acceptance limits. This
sample transport issue does
not affect results for each
parameter uniformly.
* Observation = individual parameter (e.g., total Al) from a specific site (e.g., bottom, river left at PRM 45.1) on a particular date.
** Sample rejected due to one or more the following issues: MDL too high, suspected matrix interference, bottle contamination,
interaction with preservation, unreasonable concentration based on river location/condition, and/or split sample results. Parameters
rejected from 2013 data collection have been re-sampled in 2014 and undergoing quality assurance review as of 10/30/2014.
*** ”J” qualified = The analyte was positively identified; the associated value is the approximate concentration of the analyte in the sample.
**** The temperature blank in each cooler was used to determine exceedances, thus they are reported by the number of sample bottles per
cooler.
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 47 November 2015
Table 5.1-2. Summary of Quality Assurance Results (2014)
Rejected Samples (Applicable to a Small Group of Water Quality Parameters)
No.
Observations* No. Rejected Samples** % Rejected Samples
Baseline (Winter) 1,151 0 0%
Focus Area (Winter) 682 1 0.1%
Baseline (Summer) 995 81 8%
Focus Area
(Summer) 1,040 47 5%
Sediment/Porewater 537 0 0%
Holding Time Exceedances
No.
Observations
No. Samples outside
hold time
% Qualified due to holding time
exceedance***
Baseline (Winter) 1,151 12 0%
Focus Area (Winter) 682 25 0%
Baseline (Summer) 995 39 0%
Focus Area
(Summer) 1,040 0 0%
Sediment/Porewater 537 0 0%
* Observation = individual parameter (e.g., total Al) from a specific site (e.g., bottom, river middle at PRM 45.1) on a particular date.
** All but two of the samples rejected in 2014 were for Total Phosphorus analysis. Rejected Total Phosphorus data has been corrected
based on further lab analysis and is included in a corrected Total Phosphorus database for Baseline and Focus Area 2014 data. The
other two rejected samples were for chlorophyll a in a field blank collected in the winter and for TKN collected in the summer. For the
TKN sample the parent sample was rejected and the duplicate sample was used for assessment.
*** No sample results were qualified due to exceedance of holding times. Sample results were within the expected concentration range
outlined in the QAPP and based on historical and recently collected data.
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 48 November 2015
Table 6.1-1 Historic (1980s) and Current (2013 - 2014) Field Parameters
Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana
Dam site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above
Indian River
Gold Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at Parks
Highway West
(current data
collected from
EAST)
Yentna
River*
Susitna
Station
Temp (°C)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- ≈0 -- -- ≈0 ≈0 ≈0 ≈0
Current
Winter -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- 0
Historic
Summer 1.9-14.4 -- -- 4.5-14.1 2.7-15.3 2.9-16.4 3.8-9.5 5-14 3.9-11.6 2.5-14.8
Current
Summer 2.6-14.8 7.5-12.0 7.3-15.0 7.5-14.2 7.6-15.1 8.0-14.3 4.6-8.3 7.3-11.7 7.4-10.4 7.5-12.1
Dissolved
oxygen (mg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 10.9-16.2 -- -- -- 12.8-14.4 10.9-11.1 9.9-12.7
Current
Winter -- -- -- 13.9-14.5 -- -- -- 12.8-14.6 -- 10.8-13.9
Historic
Summer 9.9-11.6 10.9-14.8 -- 8.5-12.7 10.1-13.9 9.8-12.0 -- 9-13.4 10.4-12.1 9-12.3
Current
Summer 10.1-12.47 10.4-12.6 10.4-12.4 10.5-12.5 10.0-12.5 10.2-11.9 12.0-13.6 10.7-13.7 11.5-12.0 10.9-12.53
pH
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 7.6-8.0 -- -- ≈7.1 7.8-8.2 7.1-7.9 7.5-7.6
Current
Winter -- -- -- 7.3-7.7 -- -- -- 7.1-7.2 -- 6.9-7.0
Historic
Summer 8-8.2 6.8-8.2 -- 7.5-8.3 6.8-8.0 7.4-8.0 7.2-8.1 7.1-8.3 7.4-8.3 7.5-8.5
Current
Summer
7.4-8.5 7.1-8.5 7.6-8.6 7.7-8.6 7.6-8.3 7.6-8.4 7.8-8.7 7.8-8.5 8.0-8.6 7.5-9.4
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 49 November 2015
Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana
Dam site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above
Indian River
Gold Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at Parks
Highway West
(current data
collected from
EAST)
Yentna
River*
Susitna
Station
Conductivity
(µmhos/cm)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 84-300 -- -- ≈115 159-240 189-216 180-225
Current
Winter -- -- -- 241-263 -- -- -- 190-220 -- 136-216
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 87-227 -- -- 101-144 80-170 93-142 96-154
Current
Summer 137.8-178.5 122.2-164.7 122-162.8 116-161.5 131-166.6 122-168.8 106.4-145.9 122-156.9 135.9-167 116.1-170
Notes:
ND = non-detection
“—“= data unavailable
*Indicates major tributary sampling location
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 50 November 2015
Table 6.1-2. Ranges in Historic (1980s) and Current (2013 – 2014) Water Quality Monitoring Data
Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana
Dam site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above
Indian
River
Gold
Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at
Parks
Highway
West (current
data collected
from EAST)
Yentna
River*
Susitna
Station
Orthophosphate
(mg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 0.03-0.09 -- -- <0.01 0.031-0.12 <0.01 <0.01
Current
Winter -- -- -- 0.005 - 0.006 -- -- -- 0.001 - 0.003 -- ND - 0.002
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 0-0.184 -- -- <0.01 0.031-0.061 <0.01 <0.01
Current
Summer ND - 0.032 ND - 0.011 ND - 0.007 ND - 0.011 ND - 0.007 ND - 0.041 ND - 0.019 ND - 0.027 ND - 0.008 ND - 0.019
Turbidity (NTU)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 0.1-0.7 -- -- -- 0.5-2.7 -- 1-3
Current
Winter -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Historic
Summer -- 45-200 -- 23-290 20-396 16-480 -- 43-500 30-220 up to 790
Current
Summer 18 - 650 90 - 600 75 - 400 50 - 1000 90 - 500 160 - 500 310 - 900 130 - 1300 110 - 950 110 - 950
TSS (mg/L)
Historic
Summer -- 52-482 -- -- 39-512 5.5-8.0 -- -- -- --
Current
Summer 41.9 - 578 81 - 650 73 - 426 64 - 1050 99 - 480 186 - 488 470 - 1170 162 - 1420 186 - 744 194 - 780
TDS (mg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 55-140 -- -- -- -- -- --
Current
Summer 100 - 154 87 - 146 92 - 174 72 - 156 70 - 132 66 - 154 92 - 166 44 - 138 62 - 152 82 - 190
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 51 November 2015
Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana
Dam site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above
Indian
River
Gold
Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at
Parks
Highway
West (current
data collected
from EAST)
Yentna
River*
Susitna
Station
Total Hardness
(mg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 44-72 -- 44-66
Current
Summer 58 - 71 54 - 65 53 - 66 49 - 67 53 - 107 52 - 70 48 - 74 52 - 72 59 - 121 53 - 73
Total Alkalinity
(mg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 23-87 -- -- -- -- -- 36-57
Current
Summer 49 - 53 41 - 53 40 - 54 35 - 55 41 - 54 42 - 54 34 - 53 41 - 49 40 - 50 40 - 53
Total Organic
Carbon (mg/L)
Historic
Summer -- 1.4-3.8 -- -- -- -- 1.7-3.2 -- 2.7-11
Current
Summer 2.4 2.29 - 2.39 1.92 - 2.14 1.7 - 2.02 1.8 - 3.43 1.9 - 2.09 1.71 - 1.92 2.05 - 2.42 1.98 - 2.76 2.1 - 3.68
Chlorophyll-a
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ND-1.2
Current
Summer 0 - 0.53 0 - 1.9 0 - 1.3 0 - 0.87 0 - 1.3 0 - 1.3 0 - 2.5 0 - 2.5 0 - 1.4 0 - 1.2
Total Coliform
Bacteria
(colonies/100
ml)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ≤ 20
Current
Summer 0 14 - 22 9 - 12 9 - 27 12 - 20 6 - 26 7 - 15 6 - 18 8 - 18 7 - 18
Notes:
ND = non-detection
“—“= data unavailable
*Indicates major tributary sampling location
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 52 November 2015
Table 6.1-3 Historic (1980s) and Current (2013 – 2014) Total Metals
Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana Dam
site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above
Indian River
Gold Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at Parks
Highway West
(current data
collected from
EAST)
Yentna River* Susitna
Station
Al (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- ≈13000 -- -- -- up to 15000 -- --
Current
Summer 470 - 7990 959 - 5630 564 - 5830 476 - 5680 452 - 7350 420 - 7980 2341 - 20800 1650 - 19400 1249 - 23029 790 - 22584
As (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 1-2 -- 1-3
Current
Winter -- -- -- ND -- -- -- ND -- ND
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 2-12 -- -- -- 1-3 -- 7-40
Current
Summer 1.89 - 11.8 ND - 11.4 ND - 8.8 1.7 - 16.3 ND - 9.8 ND - 10.9 4.5 - 37.5 2.8 - 32.5 3.8 - 26.1 3.2 - 23.5
Ba (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- ≤ 100 -- -- -- 100 -- 100
Current
Winter -- -- -- 50 -- -- -- 38 -- 35
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 100-500 -- -- -- 100-500 -- up to 400
Current
Summer 89.0 - 788 39.4 - 516 37.9 - 434 34.7 - 883 37.9 - 454 35.6 - 434 66.3 - 905 49.9 - 795 41.4 - 382 37.7 - 413
Cd (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- 0-30 -- -- -- 0-35 -- ≤ 1
Current
Summer 0.05 - 1.12 0.12 - 0.77 ND - 0.434 0.07 - 0.86 0.12 - 0.49 0.19 - 0.66 0.29 - 0.66 0.14 - 0.78 0.13 - 0.52 0.13 - 0.45
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 53 November 2015
Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana Dam
site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above
Indian River
Gold Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at Parks
Highway West
(current data
collected from
EAST)
Yentna River* Susitna
Station
Se (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- ≤ 1 -- -- -- 0-1 -- ≤ 1
Current
Summer 0.55 0.37 - 0.55 0.47 - 0.69 0.39 - 0.55 0.41 - 0.58 0.45 - 0.62 ND 0.62 - 0.91 0.57 - 0.78 0.48 - 0.71
Cu (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 15-190 -- -- -- 0-35 -- 30-90
Current
Summer 3.93 - 43.9 7.83 - 37.1 7.22 - 31.3 4.21 - 68.7 7.87 - 33.5 11.1 - 33.4 27.4 - 64 13.8 - 73 11.4 - 39.1 11.5 - 41.6
Fe (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- ≈120 -- -- ≈0 110-1100 -- 240-720
Current
Winter -- -- -- 54 - 64 -- -- -- 89 - 628 -- 132 - 207
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 430-24000 -- -- up to 4300 7600-32000 -- 7900-42000
Current
Summer 8550 - 9430 1325 - 7160 958 - 7430 802 - 7010 743 - 9106 688 - 9935 3760 - 31091 2364 - 27403 2151 - 31889 1507 - 30894
Pb (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- ≤ 200 -- -- -- 2-13 -- ≤ 200
Current
Summer 0.38 - 7.86 1.3 - 5.99 1.04 - 4.64 0.64 - 9.29 1.22 - 4.46 ND - 4.98 7.52 - 17.5 2.88 - 18.7 3.17 - 10.9 2.59 - 10.7
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 54 November 2015
Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana Dam
site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above
Indian River
Gold Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at Parks
Highway West
(current data
collected from
EAST)
Yentna River* Susitna
Station
Mn (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- ≤ 20 -- -- ≈10 2-10 -- 30-40
Current
Winter -- -- -- ND -- -- -- 19 -- 9
Historic
Summer -- -- 10-390 -- -- 20-280 170-670 -- 320-870
Current
Summer 20.9 - 172 37.6 - 157 41.1 - 149 29.4 - 144 24.9 - 174 22.5 - 189 97.3 - 618 59.1 - 547 89.4 - 745 68.8 - 702
Hg (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- 2-13 -- -- -- 0.1-0.6 -- ≤ 1
Current
Summer 0.83 - 22.0 2.94 - 25.8 1.92 - 23.1 1.53 - 21.1 1.09 - 18.5 1.02 - 25.3 4.95 - 54.5 3.49 - 80.1 8.43 - 33.6 6.09 - 32.1
Ni (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- ≤ 50 -- -- -- 18-30 -- 1-2
Current
Summer 4.33 - 49.2 9.56 - 40.7 8.48 - 42.4 5.41 - 75.9 9.44 - 38.3 12.8 - 33.8 37.1 - 85.9 15.9 - 80.9 12.9 - 44.3 12.3 - 46.6
Zn (total)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 20-120 -- -- -- 40-200 -- 80-180
Current
Summer 8.62 - 106 19.1 - 98.2 17.5 - 77.3 10.8 - 163 19.5 - 80 27 - 86.3 72.9 - 191 33.5 - 202 30.7 - 124 29.2 - 121
Notes:
ND = non-detection
“—“= data unavailable
*Indicates major tributary sampling location
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 55 November 2015
Table 6.1-4. Historic (1980s) and Current (2013 – 2014) Dissolved Metals
Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana Dam
site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above Indian
River
Gold Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at
Parks
Highway
West (current
data
collected
from EAST)
Yentna River* Susitna
Station
Al
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- ≈10 -- -- -- 10-30 -- --
Current
Winter -- -- -- ND - 3 -- -- -- 4 - 9 -- 4 - 22
Historic
Summer -- -- 20-120 -- -- -- 40-200 -- 40-350
Current
Summer 18.9 - 1030 22.9 - 117 20.1 -105 40.1 - 122 36.1 - 237 36.4 - 2880 72.7 - 700.4 49.6 - 198 32 - 189 35 - 133
As
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- ≈2 -- 0-0.1
Current
Winter -- -- -- ND -- -- -- ND -- ND
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 3-6 -- -- -- 4-15 -- 0.3-0.6
Current
Summer 0.63 - 1.35 0.72 - 1.21 0.79 - 1.24 0.77 - 1.63 0.83 - 1.16 0.87 - 1.74 1.12 - 5.16 0.93 - 5.36 1.16 - 1.73 1.1 - 1.81
Ba
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- ≤ 100 -- -- -- 25-100 -- ≈40
Current
Winter -- -- -- 48 -- -- -- 35 -- 26
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 0-44 -- -- -- 0-70 -- 20-200
Current
Summer 36.9 - 69.7 34.0 - 49.5 32.8 - 47.9 27 - 73.8 32.1 - 46 32.6 - 88.9 14.1 - 69.9 17.4 - 111 15.9 - 23.4 17.7 - 27.5
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 56 November 2015
Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana Dam
site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above Indian
River
Gold Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at
Parks
Highway
West (current
data
collected
from EAST)
Yentna River* Susitna
Station
Cd
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 0-20 -- -- -- 0-24 -- ≤ 2
Current
Summer ND - 0.06 ND - 0.02 ND - 0.02 ND - 0.06 ND - 0.04 ND - 0.07 ND - 0.08 ND - 0.11 ND - 0.52 ND - 0.02
Se
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- ≤ 1 -- -- -- 0 -- ≤ 1
Current
Summer 0.52 0.36 - 0.58 0.57 - 0.62 0.45 - 0.58 0.48 - 0.57 0.47 - 0.66 0.71 - 0.87 0.51 - 0.79 0.51 - 0.66 0.51 - 0.68
Ca
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 18-39 -- -- ≈19 18-39 -- 24-31
Current
Winter -- -- -- 19100 -- -- -- 11600 -- 14300
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 10-37 -- -- 14-18 10-37 -- 15-22
Current
Summer
19000 -
22300 17600 - 21700 17100 - 21900 15700 - 22500 17100 - 21300 17300 - 22600 14200 - 21626 16900 - 20100 17700 - 20000 16200 - 22200
Cu
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 15-190 -- -- -- 16-63 -- 29-89
Current
Summer 0.56 - 2.46 0.53 - 1.23 0.58 - 1.09 0.44 - 2.58 0.28 - 4.77 0.42 - 2.91 0.24 - 6.8 0.09 - 9.62 0.33 - 1.02 0.34 - 1.39
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Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana Dam
site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above Indian
River
Gold Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at
Parks
Highway
West (current
data
collected
from EAST)
Yentna River* Susitna
Station
Fe
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- ≈110 -- -- -- 120-1100 -- 300-400
Current
Winter -- -- -- ND -- -- -- ND -- 59 - 109
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 4600-24000 -- -- -- 7400-32000 -- 7800-38000
Current
Summer 19.4 - 1480 15.8 - 249 16.4 - 120 18.5 - 1680 27.4 - 171 ND - 2000 11.5 - 5530 6.41 - 7310 9.63 - 480 7.19 - 190
Pb
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 0-47 -- -- -- -- -- 14-94
Current
Summer ND - 0.31 ND - 0.07 ND - 0.04 ND - 0.42 ND - 0.07 ND - 0.46 ND - 1.77 ND - 2.06 ND - 0.19 ND - 0.11
Mg
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 3.2-10 -- -- ≈1.9 2.9-10 -- 3.6-5.0
Current
Winter -- -- -- 4680 -- -- -- 4260 -- 5040
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 0.3-7.8 -- -- 2.5-4.1 1.2-7.8 -- 2-3.3
Current
Summer 2350 - 3570 2290 - 2730 2380 - 2730 2320 - 2940 2220 - 2750 2040 - 3160 2950 - 5640 2460 - 5390 3230 - 4540 2700 - 4690
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Project River Mile 187.2 152.7 142.3 140.1 124.2 107 102.4 88.3 32.5 29.9
Description
Susitna at
Watana Dam
site
Susitna
above
Portage
Creek
Susitna
above Indian
River
Gold Creek
Curry
Fishwheel
Camp
Talkeetna* Chulitna
River
Susitna at
Parks
Highway
West (current
data
collected
from EAST)
Yentna River* Susitna
Station
Mn
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Winter -- -- -- 7-10 -- -- -- 10-30 -- 0-30
Current
Winter -- -- -- ND -- -- -- 6 -- 9
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 70-390 -- -- -- 160-660 -- 320-850
Current
Summer 2.86 - 29.2 2.53 - 7.38 2.31 - 5.78 1.75 - 35.8 2.79 - 7.58 2.47 - 37 4.86 - 118 1.85 - 151 1.21 - 12.4 1.3 - 17.9
Hg
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 0.1-0.4 -- -- -- 0.1-0.6 -- ≤ 1
Current
Summer
(ng/L)
ND - 1.46 ND - 0.958 ND - 12.3 ND - 0.82 ND - 2.28 ND - 1.21 ND - 3.54 ND - 1.54 ND - 0.874 ND - 1.48
Ni
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 8-29 -- -- -- 16-51 -- 32-52
Current
Summer 1.46 - 3.53 0.674 - 1.98 0.988 - 1.81 0.78 - 4.18 0.689 - 2.11 1.05 - 3.97 0.924 - 9.14 0.856 - 10.8 0.742 - 1.71 0.793 - 1.5
Zn
(dissolved)
(µg/L)
Historic
Summer -- -- -- 20-110 -- -- -- 0-190 -- 80-180
Current
Summer 0.75 - 7.59 0.657 - 2.77 ND - 1.72 0.569 - 17.3 ND - 3.73 0.495 - 8.35 0.545 - 21.2 ND - 26.8 0.578 - 4.87 0.517 - 4.26
Notes:
ND = non-detection “—“= data unavailable *Indicates major tributary sampling location
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Table 6.3-1 Summary of Criteria and Standards for Select Uses and Constituents 1
Freshwater
Use Class/
Subclass
Color
(color
units)
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/L2)
Dissolved
Inorganic
Substances3
(mg/L)
pH
(s.u.4) Sediment Temperature
Water Supply
Drinking,
culinary,
and food
processing
May not
exceed 15
or natural
condition
4 or more 500; chlorine or
sulfate cannot
exceed 250
6.0 to 8.5 No measurable increase in
settleable solids above natural
conditions
59°F or less
Agriculture,
including
irrigation,
stock
watering
NA3 Greater
than 3
1,000; limits on
SAR(6), others
5.0 to 9.0 Free of grains over 0.074
millimeters; may not exceed
200 mg/L for extended periods5
86°F or less
Aquaculture May not
exceed 50
or natural
condition
Greater
than 7
1,000 or no adverse
effect
6.5 to 8.5;
within 0.5 pH
unit of natural
conditions
No interference with established
water supply treatment levels
68°F or less at all times(8)
Industrial May not
cause
detrimental
effects on
established
water
supply
treatment
levels
May not
cause
detrimental
effects on
established
water
supply
treatment
levels
No scaling or
corrosion
5.0 to 9.0 No interference with established
water supply treatment levels
77°F or less
Water Recreation
Contact
recreation
May not
exceed 15
or natural
condition
4 or more NA3 6.5 to 8.5;
buffering
restrictions
No measurable increase in
settleable solids above natural
86°F or less
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Freshwater
Use Class/
Subclass
Color
(color
units)
Dissolved
Oxygen
(mg/L2)
Dissolved
Inorganic
Substances3
(mg/L)
pH
(s.u.4) Sediment Temperature
Secondary
recreation
May not
interfere
with or
make the
water unfit
or unsafe
for the use
4 or more NA3 6.5 to 8.5;
buffering
restrictions
No hazard to incidental human
contact or use interference
NA3
Growth and Propagation of Fish, Shellfish, other Aquatic Life, and Wildlife
No subclass May not
exceed 50
or natural
condition
7 to 177 1,000 or no adverse
effect
6.5 to 8.5;
within 0.5 pH
unit of natural
conditions
Restrictions on percentage of
0.1 to 4 mm grains in spawning
gravels; no adverse habitat
effects
68°F or less at all times(8)
Notes:
1. Values and narrative standards have been simplified for this table. Additional detail is presented in 18 AAC 70.020(b). Other pollutants include fecal coliform bacteria;
petroleum hydrocarbons, oil, and grease; radioactivity; floating solids; debris and residues; toxic and deleterious substance s; and turbidity.
2. Mg/L = milligrams per liter
3. Only total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations are indicated, where applicable.
4. s.u. = standard unit
5. NA = not applicable.
6. SAR = sodium adsorption ratio. Limits also are specified for sodium percentage and residual carbonate.
7. Depends on irrigation application method (sprinkler, flood, etc.).
8. In addition, maximums of 59°F within fish migration routes and rearing areas and 55.4°F for spawning and incubation areas; other weekly average temperature limits
apply.
9. Standard is for anadromous fish. In addition, standards for non-anadromous fish, concentrations in interstitial gravels used for spawning, and a maximum 110 percent
of saturation apply.
Source: ADEC 2012a, 18 AAC 70.020(b).
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Table 6.3-2 ADEC Freshwater Quality Criteria for Select Constituents
Constituent
Drinking
Water1 (µg/L)
Stock
Water1
(µg/L)
Irrigation
Water1
(µg/L)
Aquatic
Life,
Acute1,2
(µg/L)
Aquatic Life,
Chronic1,2 (µg/L)
Human Health
Consumption of Water
and Aquatic Organisms1
(µg/L)
Consumption of
Aquatic Organisms
Only1 (µg/L)
Alkalinity – – – – 20,000 minimum – –
Aluminum – – 5,000 T 750 T 87 T – –
Antimony 6 – – – – 14 4,300
Arsenic3 10 50 100 340 D 150 D – –
Barium 2,000 – – – – – –
Beryllium 4 – 100 – – – –
Boron – 750 – – – – –
Cadmium 5 10 10 0.52 D 0.09 D – –
Chloride – – – 860,000 230,000 – –
Chromium
(total) 100 T 100 T – – – – –
Chromium III3 – – – 183.1 D 23.8 D – –
Chromium VI3 – 50 – 16 D 11 D – –
Cobalt – – 50 – – – –
Copper3 – – 200 3.64 D 2.74 D 1,300 –
Iron – – 5,000 – 1,000 – –
Lead3 – 50 5,000 13.88 D 0.54 D – –
Manganese – – 200 – – 50 100
Mercury
(inorganic) 3 2 – – 1.4 D 0.77 D 0.05 0.051
Molybdenum – – 10 – – – –
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Constituent
Drinking
Water1 (µg/L)
Stock
Water1
(µg/L)
Irrigation
Water1
(µg/L)
Aquatic
Life,
Acute1,2
(µg/L)
Aquatic Life,
Chronic1,2 (µg/L)
Human Health
Consumption of Water
and Aquatic Organisms1
(µg/L)
Consumption of
Aquatic Organisms
Only1 (µg/L)
Nickel – – 200 D D – –
Nitrate (as
Nitrogen) 10,000 – – – – – –
Nitrite (as
Nitrogen) 1,000 – – – – – –
Nitrate +
Nitrite 10,000 – – – – – –
Selenium 50 10 20 Fraction
Dependent 5.0 T – –
Silver3 – – – 0.3 D – – –
Thallium 2 – – – – 1.7 6.3
Vanadium – – 100 – – – –
Zinc3 – – 2,000 36.2 D 36.5 D 9,100 69,000
Notes:
1. µg/L = micrograms per liter; T = total recoverable; D = dissolved.
2. Acute values typically are 1-hour averages; chronic values typically are 4-day averages.
3. Hardness-dependent criteria for aquatic life are arbitrarily derived using a default of 25 mg/L hardness.
Source: ADEC 2008
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
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Table 6.3-3 Water Quality Standards (NOAA SQuiRTs)
Parameter
(µg/L)
NOAA SQuiRT
(µg/L)
Total Alkalinity NS
Total Al 750 A, 87 C
Total As 66 A, 31 C
Total Ba 110 A, 3.9 C
Total Cd 1.05 A, 0.162 C
Total Cu 7.29 A, 5.2 C
Total Fe 1,000 C
Total Hg 1.4 A, 0.77 C
Total Pb 33.8 A, 1.3 C
Total Mn 2,300 A, 80 C
Total Ni 261 A, 29 C
Total Se 186 A, 5 C
Total Zn 67 A, C
Al Dissolved 750 A, 87 C
As Dissolved 66 A, 31 C
Ba Dissolved 110 A, 3.9 C
Cd Dissolved 5.22 C, 0.81 C
Cu Dissolved 5.0 A, 5.0 C
Fe Dissolved 1,000 C
Hg Dissolved 1.2 A, 0.65 C
Pb Dissolved 177 A, 177C
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Parameter
(µg/L)
NOAA SQuiRT
(µg/L)
Mn Dissolved 2,300 A, 90 C
Ni Dissolved 260 A, 28.9 C
Se dissolved 186 A, 5 C
Zn Dissolved 65.1 A, 65.7 C
Notes:
Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Au, and Zn regulatory standards adjusted for hardness, filtering.
A= Acute, C = Chronic.
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10. FIGURES
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Figure 4.1-1. Water Temperature Sites for the Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project
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Figure 4.4-1. Detail of FA-104: Whiskers Slough. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-104 (July 2014 and September 2014)
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Figure 4.4-2. Detail of FA-113: Oxbow I. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-113 (July 2014 and September 2014)
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Figure 4.4-3. Detail of FA-115: Slough 6A. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-115 (July 2014 and September 2014)
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Figure 4.4-4. Detail of FA-128: Slough 8A. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-128 (July 2014 and September 2014)
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Figure 4.4-5. Detail of FA-138: Gold Creek. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-138 (July 2014 and September 2014)
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Figure 4.4-6. Detail of FA-141: Indian River. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-141 (July 2014 and September 2014)
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Figure 4.4-7. Detail of FA-144: Slough 21. 2014 surface water sampling locations in FA-144 (July 2014 and September 2014)
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Figure 4.4-8. Focus Areas Sampled for Water Quality in the Middle River
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Figure 4.6-1. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling locations at Mouth of Fog Creek
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Figure 4.6-2. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations below Deadman Creek
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Figure 4.6-3. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations at Mouth of Watana Creek
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Figure 4.6-4. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations at Mouth of Tsusena Creek
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Figure 4.6-5. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations below the Dam Site
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Figure 4.6-6. Susitna Sediment and Porewater Sampling Locations above the Dam Site
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Figure 5.2-1. Thermistor Data at Susitna Station (2014).
Figure 5.2-2. Thermistor Data at Deshka River (2014).
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Figure 5.2-3. Thermistor Data at Indian River (Winter 2013 through Summer 2014)
Figure 5.2-4. Thermistor Data at Chulitna River (Winter 2013 through Summer 2014)
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Figure 5.2-5. Thermistor Data Oshetna River (Winter 2013 Through Summer 2014)
Figure 5.4-1. Field Measurement Temperature by PRM (Summer 2014)
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Figure 5.4-2. DO Concentrations by PRM (June 2014)
Figure 5.4-3. TKN Concentrations by PRM (January 2014)
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Figure 5.4-4. Chlorophyll a Data by PRM (August 2013)
Figure 5.4-5. Chlorophyll a Data by PRM (September 2013)
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Figure 5.4-6. Chlorophyll a Data at PRM 45.1 (Summer 2013)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
6/1/13 6/21/13 7/11/13 7/31/13 8/20/13 9/9/13 9/29/13Chlorophyll a (µg/L)Date
PRM 45.1 Deshka River
Left Top Left Bottom Middle Top Middle Bottom Right Top Right Bottom
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Figure 5.4-7. Chlorophyll a Data at PRM 124.2 (Summer 2013)
Figure 5.4-8. Mean Baseline Dissolved Iron Concentrations by PRM (August 2013)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
6/1/13 6/21/13 7/11/13 7/31/13 8/20/13 9/9/13 9/29/13Chlorophyll a (µg/L)Date
PRM 124.2 Curry Fishwheel Camp
Left Top Left Bottom Middle Top Middle Bottom Right Top Right Bottom
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Figure 5.4-9. Total Iron Concentrations by PRM (June 2014)
Figure 5.4-10. Total Aluminum Concentrations by PRM (January 2014)
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Figure 5.4-11. Mean Baseline TDS Concentrations by PRM (September 2013)
Figure 5.4-12. Specific Conductance by PRM (June 2014)
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Figure 5.4-13. Specific Conductance by PRM (September 2014)
Figure 5.4-14. Mean Baseline TOC concentrations by PRM (August 2013)
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Figure 5.4-15. TOC Concentration by PRM (January 2014)
Figure 5.4-16. Redox Potential by PRM (March 2014)
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Figure 5.4-17. Mean Baseline Naphthalene Concentrations by PRM (September 2013)
Figure 5.4-188. Mean Baseline Uranium Concentrations by PRM (September 2013)
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Figure 5.4-199. FA-104 (Whiskers Slough) Temperature Field Measurements (Summer 2014)
Figure 5.4-20. FA-141 (Indian River) TKN Concentrations (Summer of 2014)
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Figure 5.4-20. FA-144 (Slough 21) Mean Dissolved Iron Concentrations (Summer 2013)
Figure 5.4-212. FA-141 (Indian River) Total Manganese Concentrations (Summer of 2014)
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Figure 5.4-22. FA-128 (Slough 8A) Mean TOC Concentrations (Summer 2013)
Figure 5.5-1. Porewater Dissolved Zinc Concentrations (2013)
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Figure 5.5-2. Sediment Zinc Concentrations (2013)
Figure 5.5-3. Porewater Dissolved Iron Concentrations (2014)
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Figure 5.5-4. Sediment Iron Concentrations (2014)
Figure 6.3-1. Surface Water Concentrations for Total Iron at PRM 235.2 (2014)
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
6/10/14 6/30/14 7/20/14 8/9/14 8/29/14 9/18/14Total Iron (µg/L)Date
PRM 235.2 Susitna River above Oshetna River
Water Quality
Criteria (ADEC)
1,000 µg/L
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Figure 6.3-2. Surface Water Concentrations for Total Iron at PRM 29.9 (2014)
Figure 6.3-3. Surface Water Concentrations of Total Aluminum at PRM 235.2 (2014)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
6/10/14 6/30/14 7/20/14 8/9/14 8/29/14 9/18/14Total Iron (µg/L)Date
PRM 29.9 Susitna River at Susitna Station
Water Quality
Criteria (ADEC)
1,000 µg/L
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
6/10/14 6/30/14 7/20/14 8/9/14 8/29/14 9/18/14Total Aluminum (µg/L)Date
PRM 235.2 Susitna River above Oshetna River
Water Quality
Criteria (SQuiRT)
Chronic = 87 µg/L
Acute =750 µg/L
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Figure 6.3-4. Surface Water Concentrations of Total Aluminum at PRM 29.9 (2014)
Figure 6.4-1. Surface Water Concentrations for TSS at PRM 29.9 (2013)
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
6/10/14 6/30/14 7/20/14 8/9/14 8/29/14 9/18/14Total Aluminum (µg/L)Date
PRM 29.9 Susitna River at Susitna Station
Water Quality
Criteria (SQuiRT)
Chronic = 87 µg/L
Acute =750 µg/L
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Figure 6.4-2. Surface Water Concentrations for TSS at PRM 140.1 (2013)
Figure 6.4-3. Surface Water Measurements for Turbidity at PRM 29.9 (2013)
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 101 November 2015
Figure 6.4-4. Surface Water Measurements for Turbidity at PRM 140.1 (2013)
Figure 6.4-5. Surface Water Concentrations for Total Zinc at PRM 29.9 (2013)
STUDY COMPLETION REPORT BASELINE WATER QUALITY STUDY (STUDY 5.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 102 November 2015
Figure 6.4-6. Surface Water Concentrations for TOC at PRM 29.9 (2013)
Figure 6.4-7. Surface Water Concentrations for Dissolved Zinc at PRM 29.9 (2013)