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Susitna‐Watana Hydroelectric Project Document
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Title:
Study of fish distribution and abundance in the upper Susitna River, Study
plan Section 9.5, 2014-2015 Study Implementation Report SuWa 289
Author(s) – Personal:
Author(s) – Corporate:
R2 Resource Consultants, Inc.
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November 2015; Study Completion and 2014/2015 Implementation Reports
AEA‐identified series, if specified:
Series (ARLIS‐assigned report number):
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project document number 289
Existing numbers on document:
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[Anchorage : Alaska Energy Authority, 2015]
Date published:
November 2015
Published for:
Alaska Energy Authority
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Study plan Section 9.5
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v, 47 pages
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Notes:
All reports in the Susitna‐Watana Hydroelectric Project Document series include an ARLIS‐
produced cover page and an ARLIS‐assigned number for uniformity and citability. All reports
are posted online at http://www.arlis.org/resources/susitna‐watana/
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project
(FERC No. 14241)
Study of Fish Distribution and Abundance in the
Upper Susitna River
Study Plan Section 9.5
2014-2015 Study Implementation Report
Prepared for
Alaska Energy Authority
Prepared by
R2 Resource Consultants, Inc.
November 2015
STUDY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT STUDY OF FISH DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE
IN THE UPPER SUSITNA RIVER (STUDY 9.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page i November 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1
2. Study Objectives .................................................................................................................... 2
3. Study Area .............................................................................................................................. 3
4. Methods .................................................................................................................................. 3
4.1. Study Site Selection ....................................................................................................... 3
4.1.1. Fish Distribution and Abundance Sampling Sites .................................................. 4
4.1.2. Rotary Screw Trap Sites ......................................................................................... 5
4.1.3. Radio Telemetry Sites and Surveys ........................................................................ 5
4.1.4. Variances from the Study Plan ............................................................................... 6
4.2. Sampling Frequency....................................................................................................... 7
4.2.1. Variances from the Study Plan ............................................................................... 8
4.3. Objective 1: Fish Distribution, Relative Abundance, and Habitat Associations .......... 8
4.3.1. Tasks A&B: Fish Distribution and Relative Abundance Surveys .......................... 8
4.3.2. Task C: Fish-Habitat Associations .......................................................................... 9
4.3.3. Variances from Study Plan ..................................................................................... 9
4.4. Objective 2: Seasonal Movements ............................................................................... 10
4.4.1. Task A: Document the timing of downstream movement and catch for all fish
species using out-migrant traps. ............................................................................ 10
4.4.2. Task B: Describe seasonal movements using biotelemetry. ................................. 10
4.4.3. Task C: Describe juvenile Chinook Salmon movements. .................................... 11
4.4.4. Variances from Study Plan ................................................................................... 11
4.5. Objective 4: Characterize the seasonal life stage, growth, and condition of juvenile
anadromous and resident fish by habitat type. ............................................................. 13
4.5.1. Variances from Study Plan ................................................................................... 13
4.6. Objective 7: Document the seasonal distribution, relative abundance, and habitat
associations of invasive species (Northern Pike). ........................................................ 14
4.7. Objective 8: Collect tissue samples from juvenile salmon and resident and non-
salmon anadromous fish. .............................................................................................. 14
4.8. Fish Sampling Techniques ........................................................................................... 14
4.8.1. Fish Handling ........................................................................................................ 14
4.8.2. Variances from Study Plan ................................................................................... 15
5. Results ................................................................................................................................... 15
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page ii November 2015
5.1. Objective 1: Fish Distribution, Relative Abundance, and Habitat Associations ......... 15
5.1.1. Task A: Fish Distribution and Relative Abundance Sampling ............................. 15
5.2. Objective 2: Seasonal Movements ............................................................................... 17
5.2.1. Task A: Document the timing of downstream movement and catch for all fish
species using out-migrant traps. ............................................................................ 17
5.3. Objective 4: Characterize the seasonal life stage, growth, and condition of juvenile
anadromous and resident fish by habitat type. ............................................................. 17
5.3.1. Juvenile Chinook Salmon ..................................................................................... 18
5.3.2. Other Species ........................................................................................................ 18
5.4. Objective 7: Document the seasonal distribution, relative abundance, and habitat
associations of invasive species (Northern Pike). ........................................................ 18
5.5. Objective 8: Collect tissue samples from juvenile salmon and resident and non-
salmon anadromous fish. .............................................................................................. 18
6. Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 19
6.1. Juvenile Chinook Salmon ............................................................................................ 19
6.1.1. Occurrence in the Upper River ............................................................................. 19
6.1.2. Occurrence in the Middle River Within and Above Devils Canyon .................... 19
6.1.3. Size ........................................................................................................................ 20
6.1.4. Timing ................................................................................................................... 20
6.2. Lake Trout .................................................................................................................... 20
6.3. Proposed Additional Sampling Modifications ............................................................. 21
6.3.1. 2014 Pilot Test of Tributary Sampling Approach................................................. 21
6.3.2. 2014 Test of the Mainstem Hybrid Sampling Approach ...................................... 21
6.3.3. Downstream Migrant Trap Locations ................................................................... 22
7. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 22
7.1. Modifications to Study Plan ......................................................................................... 23
8. Literature Cited ................................................................................................................... 24
9. Tables .................................................................................................................................... 27
10. Figures .................................................................................................................................. 48
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page iii November 2015
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1. Study objectives for the Study of Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Upper
Susitna River from the Revised Study Plan. ................................................................................. 28
Table 4.1-1. Tributaries selected for fish distribution and abundance sampling in the Upper
Susitna River. ................................................................................................................................ 30
Table 4.1-2. 2013-2014 tributary sampling summary and proposed future Upper River tributary
sampling length targets. ................................................................................................................ 31
Table 4.1-3. Back River GRTS tributary habitat classification and mesohabitat sampling, 2013 &
2014............................................................................................................................................... 32
Table 4.1-4. Sample effort for hybrid mainstem GRTS and transect sampling in the Upper River,
2014............................................................................................................................................... 33
Table 4.1-5. Operation schedule and antenna orientation for fixed-station receiver locations in
the Middle and Upper Susitna River, 2014.Fixed stations receivers were not deployed in 2015. 34
Table 4.2-2. Monitoring efficiency (percent operational) of Upper Susitna fixed-station receivers,
by week, 2014. .............................................................................................................................. 35
Table 4.2-3. Summary of aerial surveys of radio-tagged fish in the Upper Susitna River, 2014-
2015............................................................................................................................................... 36
Table 4.4-1. PIT-tagged fish in the Upper Susitna River, 2013-2014. ......................................... 38
Table 4.4-2. Radio tag allocation by season Upper Susitna River, 2013-2014. ........................... 39
Table 4.4-3. Radio tag Upper-Susitna-released resident fish at large, by study month, 2014-2015.
....................................................................................................................................................... 39
Table 4.5-1. Summary of size-at-life stage index used to classify Susitna River fish species,
2014............................................................................................................................................... 40
Table 4.5-2. Summary of fish with length and weight measurements collected in the Upper
Susitna River, 2014. ...................................................................................................................... 41
Table 4.7-1. Summary of tissue collection for genetic baseline development and species
identification, 2014. ...................................................................................................................... 42
Table 5-1. Upper Susitna fish distribution and abundance observations, 2014. ........................... 43
Table 5-2. Fish Distribution in the Upper Susitna River 2012--2014 and select historical records.
....................................................................................................................................................... 45
Table 5-3. Upper Susitna River fish observations by gear type, 2014. ........................................ 46
STUDY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT STUDY OF FISH DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page iv November 2015
Table 5-4. Summary of results for juvenile Chinook Salmon samples collected for genetic
baseline development and species identification, 2013-2014. ...................................................... 47
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3-1. Upper Susitna River fish distribution and abundance study area. ............................. 49
Figure 4-1. Locations of 13 tributaries upstream of the proposed Watana Dam location selected
for sampling up to the 3,000 ft contour. ........................................................................................ 50
Figure 4.2-1. Downstream migrant trapping operation schedule for rotary screw traps at Oshetna
River RM 0.1, Susitna River at PRM 200.3, and Kosina Creek fyke netting, 2014. Yellow boxes
indicate trap operation days. ......................................................................................................... 51
Figure 5-1. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution by survey year in the Upper
Susitna River, 2003-2014(Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1). ......... 52
Figure 6-1. Juvenile Chinook Salmon distribution in the Upper Susitna River, 2003-2014
(Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014;Table 5-1). ................................................... 53
Figure 6-2. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution in the Upper Susitna River,
2003-2014 (Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1). ................................ 54
Figure 6-3. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution by season Upper Susitna
River, 2003-2014 (Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1). ..................... 54
Figure 6-4. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution by location Upper Susitna
River, 2003-2014 (Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1). ..................... 55
Figure 6-5. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution season for fish collect in
tributary mouths or the mainstem Upper Susitna River, 2003-2014 (Buckwalter 2011; AEA
2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1). .......................................................................................... 55
APPENDICES
Appendix A: 2014 Sampling Site Maps
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LIST OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND DEFINITIONS
Abbreviation Definition
ADF&G Alaska Department of Fish and Game
AEA Alaska Energy Authority
AWC Anadromous Waters Catalog
BW Backwater
CIRWG Cook Inlet Regional Working Group
CPUE catch-per-unit-effort
CWP clearwater plume
DIR direct sample tributary
ELH early life history
FA Focus Area
FDA fish distribution and abundance
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
GRTS generalized random tessellation stratified samples
FL fork length
ILP Integrated Licensing Process
in Inches
IP Implementation Plan
ISR Initial Study Report
LR Lower River
MC main channel
mm Millimeters
MR Middle River
PIT passive integrated transponder
PRM Project River Mile
Project Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project
RP river productivity
RSP Revised Study Plan
RST rotary screw trap
SC side channel
SPD study plan determination
SS side slough
TM tributary mouth
Trib Tributary
TWG technical workgroup
US upland slough
USR Updated Study Report
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1. INTRODUCTION
This Study of Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Upper Susitna River, Section 9.5 of the
Revised Study Plan (RSP) approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for
the Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project, FERC Project No. 14241, focuses on describing the
current fish assemblage including spatial and temporal distribution, and relative abundance by
species and life stage in the Susitna River upstream of the proposed Watana Dam.
A summary of the development of this study, together with the Alaska Energy Authority’s
(AEA) implementation of it through the 2013 study season, appears in Part A, Section 1 of the
Initial Study Report (ISR) filed with FERC in June 2014. As required under FERC’s regulations
for the Integrated Licensing Process (ILP), the ISR describes AEA’s “overall progress in
implementing the study plan and schedule and the data collected, including an explanation of any
variance from the study plan and schedule.” (18 CFR 5.15(c)(1)).
On October 15, 2014, AEA held an ISR meeting for the Study of Fish Distribution and
Abundance in the Upper Susitna River. Since filing the ISR in June 2014 (AEA 2014a), AEA
has continued to implement the FERC-approved plan for the Study of Fish Distribution and
Abundance in the Upper Susitna River. Study efforts applied to the Study of Fish Distribution
and Abundance in the Upper Susitna River subsequent to the ISR include the filing of the
following four documents:
Proposed 2015 Modifications to Fish Distribution and Abundance Study Plan
Implementation Technical Memorandum, filed September 17, 2014 (R2 Resource
Consultants 2014a);
Appendix 3. Protocol for Site-Specific Gear Type Selection; Version , filed November
14, 2014 (R2 Resource Consultants 2014b);
Draft Chinook and Coho Salmon Identification Protocol, filed November 14, 2014 (R2
Resource Consultants 2014c);
Evaluation of 2014 Study Modifications in the Black River Technical Memorandum,
filed December 17, 2014 (R2 Resource Consultants2014d).
The 2014 sampling efforts in the Upper River focused on the following steps:
Completion of the second study year of downstream migrant trapping;
Completion of the second study year of resident fish radio tagging and tracking;
Implementation of the tributary sample modification as proposed in Study 9.5 ISR Part C,
Section 7.1.2.4, using the Black River as a pilot study per technical memoranda on
proposed future sampling modifications (R2 Resource Consultants, 2014a);
Implementation of the hybrid sampling approach modification proposed in Study 9.5
ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.5, using habitat mapping to implement a test of this GRTS
STUDY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT STUDY OF FISH DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page 2 November 2015
sampling approach for off-channel and side channel habitat site selection per the
proposed modification technical memorandum (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a);
Evaluation of the tributary and hybrid sampling approach pilot studies that were
implemented in 2014 (R2 Resource Consultants 2014d);
Fish Distribution and Abundance sampling at sites that were not sampled or partially
sampled in 2013 due to land access restrictions.
In furtherance of the next round of ISR meetings and FERC’s SPD expected in 2016, this report
describes AEA’s overall progress in implementing the Study of Fish Distribution and Abundance
in the Upper Susitna River during 2014. Rather than a comprehensive reporting of all field
work, data collection, and data analysis since the beginning of AEA’s study program, this report
is intended to supplement and update the information presented in Part A of the ISR for the
Study of Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Upper Susitna River through the end of
calendar year 2014. It describes the methods and results of the 2014 effort, and includes a
discussion of the results achieved.
2. STUDY OBJECTIVES
As established in RSP Section 9.5.1 (Table 2-1), there are eight study objectives, five of which
were addressed by activities carried out in 2014:
1) Describe the seasonal distribution, relative abundance (as determined by catch per unit
effort [CPUE], fish density, and counts), and fish-habitat associations of resident fishes,
juvenile anadromous salmonids, and the freshwater life stages of non-salmon
anadromous species.
2) Describe seasonal movements of juvenile salmonids and selected fish species such as
Rainbow Trout, Dolly Varden, Humpback Whitefish, Round Whitefish, Northern Pike,
Arctic Lamprey, Arctic Grayling and Burbot within the hydrologic zone of influence
upstream of the Project.
a. Document the timing of downstream movement and catch using rotary screw
traps.
b. Describe seasonal movements using biotelemetry (passive integrated transponders
[PIT] and radio-tags).
c. Describe juvenile Chinook Salmon movements.
4) Characterize the seasonal life stage structure, growth, and condition of juvenile
anadromous and resident fish by habitat type.
7) Document the seasonal distribution, relative abundance, and habitat associations of
invasive species (Lake Trout and Northern Pike).
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8) Collect tissue samples to support the Genetic Baseline Study for Selected Fish Species
(RSP Section 9.14).
3. STUDY AREA
As established by RSP Section 9.5.3, the study area encompasses the mainstem Susitna River
and its tributaries from the proposed Watana Dam site (PRM 187.1) upstream to and including
the Oshetna River (PRM 235.1) and its tributary, the Black River (Figure 3-1). The Upper
Susitna River is delineated by the location of the proposed Watana Dam because effects of the
Project are anticipated to be different upstream and downstream of the proposed dam. The
mainstem Susitna River and a portion of its tributaries upstream of the proposed dam will be
within the impoundment zone and subject to Project operations that affect daily, seasonal, and
annual changes in pool elevation plus the effects of initial reservoir filling. Tributary surveys
upstream of the proposed Watana Dam are further delineated by the 3,000-ft elevation contour,
which is based on the known extent of juvenile Chinook Salmon distribution. Some study
components, such as resident fish life-history studies (e.g., Lake Trout) and juvenile Chinook
Salmon distribution sampling may extend beyond the core area.
4. METHODS
This study employed a variety of field methods to build on the existing information related to the
distribution and abundance of fish species in the Upper Susitna River consistent with the Study
Plan except for specific variances as described below. The following sections provide brief
descriptions of study site selection, sampling frequency, the approach, and suite of methods that
were used to accomplish each objective of this study.
Fish Distribution and Abundance Sampling Plan
A final sampling scheme was developed as part of the detailed Fish Distribution and Abundance
Implementation Plan (IP), for ISR Studies 9.5 and 9.6. Guidance included the Protocol for Site-
Specific Gear Type Selection, a working document provided to field crews which summarized
the sampling approach used in 2014 (Appendix 3. Protocol for Site-Specific Gear Type Selection;
Version 5, November 14, 2014). Sampling methods by objective are presented below and in
Table 2-1. Brief descriptions of each sampling technique are provided in Section 4.12.
4.1. Study Site Selection
AEA implemented site selection as described in the Study Plan as well as the Study Plan
modifications presented in ISR Part C Section 7.1.2, which were further described in two
technical memoranda, one on sampling considerations (Sampling Considerations for Study 9.5
Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Upper Susitna River; R2 Resource Consultants 2014e).
The Upper Susitna River includes the area where the mainstem river will be inundated and
tributaries will be partially altered. The sampling effort was tailored to collect information to
document fish assemblages, distribution, and abundance generally within the mainstem river and
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page 4 November 2015
more intensely within the tributary habitat to be inundated and beyond up to an elevation of
3,000 ft, which was based on the known upper extent of juvenile Chinook Salmon distribution.
4.1.1. Fish Distribution and Abundance Sampling Sites
4.1.1.1. Tributaries
In 2014, five of thirteen tributary streams were selected for sampling in the Upper Susitna River
(Figure 4-1; Table 4.1-1). Four tributary streams that were not accessed or were partially
accessed in 2013 were sampled using a direct sampling approach. These tributaries included
Deadman Creek, Unnamed Tributary 197.7, Unnamed Tributary 204.5, and Unnamed Tributary
206.3 (Table 4.1.2). Two days of sampling effort were applied to each tributary yielding sample
lengths of 262-358 meters. The fifth tributary sampled, the Black River, was re-sampled in 2014
using the GRTS approach and modified sampling lengths (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a) as
proposed in ISR Part C Section 7.1.2.4. Eight, 400-meter-long GRTS panels were sampled in
their entirety for fish distribution and abundance (Table 4.1.3). Additional sampling took place in
an unnamed lake in the Tsisi Creek drainage within the Kosina Creek watershed in late August
and early September, 2014.
4.1.1.2. Mainstem
Fish distribution and relative abundance sampling in the Upper Susitna River mainstem was
conducted to test the proposed hybrid approach modification to the Study Plan, as described in
Study 9.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.5, and in the technical memorandum on sampling
considerations (R2 Resource Consultants 2014e). Sampling was conducted from the proposed
dam site (PRM 187.1) upstream to the Oshetna River confluence (PRM 235.1). This survey area
included Geomorphic Reaches UR-3 (PRM 234.5-224.9), UR-4 (PRM 224.9-208.1), UR-5
(PRM 208.1-203.4), and UR-6 (PRM 203.4-187.1).
The intent of the hybrid approach is to increase sampling of rare habitats in a manner that
provides continuity across years and complements the 2013 data set. To do so, rare habitat
sample sites were selected using the GRTS approach based on 2013 line mapping in combination
with a systematic sub-sampling of 2013 transects (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a). This
resulted in selection of three of the 16 transects sampled in 2013 (or 3 of 10 proposed in the
modification; Study 9.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.5) for sampling in 2014 (Table 4.1-4). GRTS
site selection of rare mainstem habitats targeted six replicates of side channel, off-channel, and
special habitat features.
Implementation of this test design resulted in sampling at 38 macrohabitat locations (Table 4.1-4,
Figures A1- A7). In addition to three main channel habitats sampled among transects; replicates
of off-channel and side channel habitats were obtained for upland sloughs (6), tributary mouths
(7), clearwater plumes (7), side sloughs (6), side channels (6) and backwaters (2). The two
backwaters that were sampled were associated with slough samples. Some of the Upper River
transects spanned multiple habitat types (e.g., main channel, side channel, upland slough, and
side slough); when this occurred, one habitat unit of each type was selected along each transect.
When multiple habitat units of the same type were present, one unit was selected at random for
sampling.
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Main and side channel habitats were sampled with boat electrofishing whenever site conditions
and permit stipulations allowed (conductivity, visibility, and absence of adult salmonids). The
sampling length for all mainstem habitat units sampled using boat electrofishing and drift
gillnetting was equal to 20 times the wetted channel width of the habitat unit, the entire length of
the habitat unit, or 500 m (1,640 ft), whichever was less. When site conditions did not allow for
boat electrofishing or drift gillnetting, 200 m (328 ft) were sampled using wadeable sampling
techniques parallel to the bank. The sampling unit length for off-channel habitat units was 20
times the wetted channel width of the habitat unit, the entire length of the habitat unit, or 200 m
(656 ft), whichever was less. If the randomly selected habitat unit was totally inaccessible to
field crews, then a second randomly selected habitat unit (GRTS oversample) was sampled.
4.1.2. Rotary Screw Trap Sites
Because of low catch rates at Kosina Creek in 2013, AEA considered alternatives to gather
additional information on the seasonal fish movements of anadromous Salmon and resident fish
species out of Kosina Creek. In the March 21, 2014 technical team meeting with licensing
participants, AEA proposed replacing the rotary screw trap in Kosina Creek with fyke nets near
the confluence of Kosina Creek and the Susitna River and siting a rotary screw trap in a
mainstem Susitna River location near the proposed dam site. These Study Plan modifications
were presented in ISR Part C Section 7.1.2.2 (AEA 2014a).
AEA then implemented these adjustments during 2014 study efforts: setting two fyke nets in
lower Kosina Creek and at the associated clear water plume in the Susitna River and operating
rotary screw traps at PRM 200.3 on the Susitna River and tributary PRM 0.1 on the Oshetna
River (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a). Fyke nets were fished on the same schedule as rotary
screw traps (2 days/nights on then three days/nights off).
In 2014, final site selection for Upper River rotary screw traps used the following criteria: 1)
position downstream of documented Chinook Salmon; 2) accessibility by helicopter; 3) a
minimum depth of 1.25 m (4.1 ft) during low flow periods; and 4) consistent laminar flow with
velocities in the range of 0.6 to 2 m/s (2 to 6.6 ft/s). The 2014 Oshetna River trapping location
was the same site used successfully in 2013. The 2014 mainstem location at PRM 200.3 was
selected after a short list of sites developed using habitat mapping videography upstream of the
proposed dam location (PRM 187.1) and downstream of confirmed Chinook Salmon tributaries
(PRM 209.1 and 235.1) were visited to assess suitability of conditions. Site selection for fyke
nets included the following criteria: 1) position downstream of documented Chinook Salmon in
the Kosina Creek drainage near the confluence with the mainstem Susitna River 2) accessibility
by helicopter; 3) appropriate depths in the range of 0.5 m (1.6ft) to 1.25 m (4.1 ft); and 4)
moderate to low velocity run/glide of pool habitats.
4.1.3. Radio Telemetry Sites and Surveys
In 2014, four fixed radio telemetry stations were installed in the Upper Susitna River per Section
5.8.2.1 of the Final Fish Distribution and Abundance Implementation Plan (IP) filed with FERC
on April 1, 2013 (AEA 2013). Stations at the mouths of Kosina Creek (PRM 209.1) and the
Oshetna River (PRM 235.1) monitored the movement of radio-tagged fish in the mainstem
Susitna River as well as in their respective tributaries with documented Chinook Salmon
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spawning. The Watana Creek station (PRM 196.9) was located on the north bank of the Susitna
River and monitored the movement of fish in the mainstem of the Susitna River and in Watana
Creek, a large accessible tributary within the impoundment zone (Table 4.1-5). An additional
station was located at the proposed Watana Dam Site to monitor fish moving upstream or
downstream past this location. Aerial tracking of radio-tagged fishes extended into the Lower
River down to the mouth of the Susitna River (R2 Resource Consultants 2015) and into the
Upper River above Clearwater Creek (PRM 266.6).
4.1.4. Variances from the Study Plan
Several variances occurred in 2014, as described below, some of which were continuations of
variances implemented in 2013 (detailed in ISR, Part A, Section 4) or were Study Plan
modifications proposed in ISR, Part C, Section 7.1.2 or in the proposed modification TM (R2
Resource Consultants Inc., 2014a).
As was done in 2013 and described in ISR, Part A, Section 4.1.6.1.1 (AEA 2014a), adjustments
were made to mainstem sampling unit lengths (500 meters for boat methods and 200 meters for
shore-based methods). The level of effort required to effectively cover and gather a
representative sample using shore-based techniques including backpack electrofishing,
snorkeling, minnow trapping, and seining, was deemed incompatible with the seasonal sampling
goals and the number of sites targeted for sampling given the remoteness of the sampling
locations. The reduction in sampling length for shore-based techniques is not anticipated to affect
AEAs ability to meet study objectives.
In 2013, some tributaries were not sampled or were partially sampled due to land access
restrictions. In 2014, these sites were sampled per Section 5.2 of the IP (AEA 2013). Completion
of sampling at sites not accessible in 2013 is anticipated to improve AEAs ability to meet study
objectives.
The following variances implemented in 2014 were described in ISR Part C Section 7.1.2 as
Study Plan modifications, and were further detailed in two technical memoranda filed in 2014,
one on sampling considerations (R2 Resource Consultants 2014e) and a second on proposed
study modifications (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a). These variances are anticipated to
improve AEA’s ability to meet the study objectives. Increased sampling of rare mainstem
habitats (ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.5.1; R2 Resource Consultants 2014a) was implemented to
better meet the objective of characterizing relative fish abundance by mesohabitat type (RSP
Section 9.5.4.3.1 Task C; AEA 2012).
Increased sampling length in select Upper River tributaries (ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.4;
R2 Resource Consultants 2014a) was proposed and implemented in the Black River to
better meet the objective of characterizing relative fish abundance by mesohabitat type
(RSP Section 9.5.4.3.1 Task C; AEA 2012).
The sampling approach for select Upper River tributaries was adjusted and implemented
for the Black River from 2013 sub-sampling to entire GRTS panel sampling and
increased number of panels, to obtain useful information about habitat associations and
increase the number of mesohabitats sampled.
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In 2014, AEA replaced the rotary screw trap in Kosina Creek with fyke netting near the
confluence of Kosina Creek to increase catch and operated a rotary screw trap in the
mainstem Susitna River location near the proposed dam site (ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.2;
2014) to better meet the objective of describing seasonal movements (described in
Section 5).
The following variance from the Implementation Plan occurred in 2014 as described in the
proposed modifications technical memorandum (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a).
In 2013, four tributaries that were selected for sampling were not sampled or partially
sampled due to land access considerations including Deadman Creek and unnamed
tributaries 197.7, 204.5, and 206.3. Deadman Creek was proposed as a direct sample
tributary and was partially sampled in 2013. After reconnaissance of unnamed tributaries
197.7, 204.5, and 206.3 in 2014, it became clear that the proposed GRTS sampling
approach in the Implementation Plan (5.2; Table 5.2-1) was not appropriate because the
gradient and forested conditions preclude helicopter landing and access to sample areas in
the middle reaches of each of these streams. Thus, the 2014 sampling efforts used a
direct sample approach with two days of sampling effort allotted for each of these
tributaries targeting a diversity of the mesohabitat types. Stream lengths sampled in 2014
for unnamed tributaries 197.7, 204.5, and 206.3 were less than proposed in the
Implementation Plan (5.2, 5.2-2); but exceeded the target lengths proposed in the 2014
technical memorandum on sampling considerations (R2 Resource Consultants 2014e)
using an ADF&G sampling sufficiency analysis (Kirsch et al 2014). This variance should
not reduce AEAs ability to meet study objectives.
Lake sampling was not proposed as part of the Fish Distribution and Abundance Study Plan.
Opportunistic sampling took place in an unnamed lake in the Tsisi Creek drainage August 28-29,
2014. Sampling effort included hoop trapping and angling to target large salmonids based on an
anecdotal report. This variance provides supplementary information and is anticipated to
improve AEA’s ability to meet study objectives.
4.2. Sampling Frequency
Sampling frequency varied among sites based on study objectives. Generally, sampling occurred
seasonally during the ice-free period. Fish distribution and abundance sampling was conducted
in three seasonal blocks in 2014, early summer (July 11 to July 30), late summer (August 10 to
September 5), and fall (September 15 to October 6). During each seasonal sampling event, a
portion of mainstem sites were not sampled because habitats were not present (ephemeral
features such as clear water plumes), dry, or frozen. In early and late summer, 3 of 36 mainstem
locations were not sampled because of dry site conditions. In fall, 11 of 38 sites were not
sampled due to low river flows combined with freezing temperatures (Table 4.1-4). Fyke net
sampling at Kosina Creek and the installation of rotary screw traps at Susitna River PRM 200.3
and the Oshetna River (RM 0.1) began May 19-20, 2014. Following installation, rotary screw
traps and fyke nets were operated on a 48-hours-on/72-hours-off schedule until the Susitna River
and Kosina Creek began to freeze-up and the traps were removed on September 28, 2014 (Figure
4.2-1). Stationary radio receivers were installed at the Watana Dam site, Watana Creek, Kosina
Creek, and Oshetna River sites between April 28 and July 7 (Table 4.1-5). Fixed radio telemetry
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monitoring efficiency was tested on a weekly basis while stations were operable (Table 4.2-2).
Aerial radio telemetry surveys were conducted approximately biweekly between January 6 and
June 11 (Table 4.2-3), weekly between June 11 and September 15, and continued biweekly
thereafter. Flights then occurred approximately every 16 days through June 2015 (Table 4.2-3).
4.2.1. Variances from the Study Plan
Two variances related to sampling frequency of downstream migrant traps (Study 9.5 ISR Part
A, Section 4.12.10) and the pilot test of the hybrid approach (Study 9.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.2)
occurred in 2014.
Operation of downstream traps was planned for a 48h on and 72h off continuously from
ice out to freeze up (Study 9.5 ISR Part A, Section 4.2). However, a high flow event in
early July damaged the Oshetna River rotary screw trap; consequently the trap was not
operated July 8-10 and July 12 as scheduled (Figure 4.2-1) while a replacement trap was
transported to the site, assembled, and installed. The replacement trap began fishing July
13 (Table 4.2-1). The gap in trap operation occurred after the period when the majority of
juvenile Chinook Salmon had out-migrated from Upper River tributaries (May-June).
This variance should not reduce AEA’s ability to meet study objectives as the Kosina
Creek fyke nets and mainstem rotary screw trap at PRM 200.3 were operated as
scheduled.
The tributary sampling modification (Study 9.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.2) called for three
seasonal samples during 2014 pilot study. However, one Upper River GRTS panel site, a
tributary mouth at PRM 204.5 was inadvertently not sampled during the fall sampling
event (Table 4.1-4). Replicates of each mainstem habitat type are sampled on a seasonal
basis and the loss of one seasonal sample is not anticipated to reduce AEA’s ability to
meet the study objective of characterization of seasonal distribution, relative abundance
and habitat associations.
4.3. Objective 1: Fish Distribution, Relative Abundance, and Habitat
Associations
AEA implemented the methods as described in the Study Plan with the exception of variances
explained below (Section 4.3.3). The general sampling approach was to gather data on relative
abundance as determined by CPUE and density; complementary data on fish size, life stage, and
condition factor were also collected. For all sampling, main channel, off-channel, and tributary
habitats were further characterized in the field to the mesohabitat level (pool, riffle, glide, etc.)
for sampling purposes and for study of fish-habitat associations. The sampling locations and fish
capture methods (e.g., number of passes, amount of soak time, use of block nets when feasible)
were standardized such that they were repeatable on subsequent sampling occasions.
4.3.1. Tasks A&B: Fish Distribution and Relative Abundance Surveys
4.3.1.1. Field Methods
Fish distribution surveys included three seasonal sampling events during the ice-free seasons.
Methods were selected based on target species, life stages, and water conditions. Snorkeling and
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electrofishing were preferred methods for juvenile fishes in clear water areas where velocities
were safe. Minnow traps, beach seines, and fyke nets were employed as alternatives in deeper
waters and in habitats with limited access, low visibility, or high velocities. For larger fishes,
gillnets, seines, hoop traps, and angling were used. Whereas snorkeling, minnow trapping,
backpack electrofishing, and beach seines were applicable to sloughs and other slow-moving
waters, gillnetting, boat electrofishing, hoop traps, and trot lines were more applicable to the
mainstem. Two or more survey methods were selected for each site based on target species and
life stages (R2 Resource Consultants 2014b). The decisions about what methods to apply were
made by field crews after initial site selection following guidance outlined in the gear selection
protocol (R2 Resource Consultants 2014b) and in accordance with state and federal fish
sampling permit requirements. All methods were conducted with a level of effort consistent with
generating estimates of CPUE that facilitated comparison of counts or densities of fish over
space and time. Basic site and habitat information was collected for each mesohabitat sampled
and detailed records were kept on the level of sampling effort including soak times, sampling
duration, number of units, and specifications of gear used. This included calibration and quality
control of methods and documentation of conditions that affected sampling efficiency, such as
visibility, water temperature, and conductivity, to ensure that consistent effort was applied within
and among sampling units and events. Lake sampling, not anticipated in the implementation plan
or gear selection protocol (R2 Resource Consultants 2014b), and supplemental sampling for
Lake Trout in an unnamed lake in the Tsisi Creek basin in 2014 included the use of fyke nets set
in littoral areas and angling from shore and kayak.
4.3.2. Task C: Fish-Habitat Associations
In conjunction with Tasks A, data was collected for fish distribution and abundance by macro
and mesohabitat type.
4.3.3. Variances from Study Plan
4.3.3.1. Sampling Approach
The following variances from the Study Plan in 2014 for Objective 1 were consistent with 2013
variances to Study Plan methods as described in the Study 9.5 ISR, Part A, Section 4.4.4. In
summary:
single pass sampling, limited use of block nets, overnight soak duration for fyke nets and
hoop traps, soak times for drift gill net sets were less than 30 minutes; use of one gear
type in 3 percent of mesohabitats where additional gears were not appropriate (Study 9.5
ISR Part A, Section 4.4.4.1);
no sonar techniques were specifically used in the Upper River for FDA (Study 9.5 ISR
Part A, Section 4.4.4.2);
because of the high gradient nature of the Upper River, minnow traps were sometimes
placed in pocket water at densities lower than described in the IP (Study 9.5 ISR Part A,
Section 4.4.4.1); however, because of increased sampling of lower gradient mainstem
sites, densities of 1-2 traps per 10 m (33 ft) of sample length were met in most locations.
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These variances did not impact AEAs ability to meet study objectives.
The following variances implemented in 2014 were presented as Study Plan modifications in
ISR Part C, Sections 7.1.2.4 and 7.1.2.5, the sampling considerations technical memorandum (R2
Resource Consultants 2014e), and the proposed modifications technical memorandum (R2
Resource Consultants 2014a) except as noted. In 2014, sampling of the Black River varied from
the IP. Sampling followed proposed modifications to tributary target lengths based on width
measurements. In order to meet adjusted target lengths, two GRTS panels were added to the
Black River and the panel length was completely sampled (Table 4.1-2). Sampling of the
mainstem in 2014 using a “hybrid” approach was a variance from the IP (IP Section 5.4). This
included mainstem sampling of rare habitat features using habitat mapping and a GRTS based
approach for site selection (Table 4.1-4). An additional variance in 2014 was the supplemental
sampling of three mainstem transects. These variances will improve AEA’s ability to meet
Objective 1 and result in improved estimates of fish abundance by habitat type while maintaining
a spatially balanced and efficient sampling approach for analyzing habitat associations of fishes
in the Upper River (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a).
4.4. Objective 2: Seasonal Movements
AEA implemented the methods for Objective 2 as described in the Study Plan with the exception of
the variances explained in Section 4.4.4.
4.4.1. Task A: Document the timing of downstream movement and catch for all
fish species using out-migrant traps.
As described in Section 4.1.2 and Section 4.2, two rotary screw traps and two fyke nets were
deployed in the Upper River study area shortly after ice break-up. In addition to collecting data
on migratory timing, size-at-migration, and growth, these traps also served as a source of fish to
PIT tag (Objective 2, Task B), a way to recapture previously PIT-tagged fish, collect fish for
radio tagging (Objective 2, Task B), and to support other studies including the Genetic Baseline
Study for Selected Fish Species (Study 9.14).
4.4.2. Task B: Describe seasonal movements using biotelemetry.
Biotelemetry techniques included radio telemetry and Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)
technology. Half duplex PIT tags (12 and 23 mm [0.5 to 0.9 in]) were surgically implanted in
fish greater than 60 mm (2.4 in) to monitor movement and growth. Fish for PIT tagging were
captured opportunistically during fish distribution and abundance sampling and out-migrant
trapping.
In 2014, AEA PIT tagged 1,466 fish in the Upper River as discussed in Study 9.5 ISR Part C,
Section 7.1.2.3. PIT tags were implanted in 6 of 9 target species including: juvenile Chinook
Salmon, Arctic Grayling, Burbot, Dolly Varden, Humpback Whitefish, and Round Whitefish
(Table 4.5-1). Thus, progress continued towards meeting PIT tagging goals as discussed in Study
9.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.3 and targets were met in 2014 for Arctic Grayling (Table 4.4-1).
Recaptured fish provided information on the time and distance travelled since the fish was last
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handled and growth. No Arctic Lamprey, Northern Pike, or Rainbow Trout were observed or
collected in the Upper River.
Radio tagging goals (30) were met or exceeded for Arctic Grayling (111), Burbot (40), Longnose
Sucker (44) and Round Whitefish (41). Targeted efforts to tag Lake Trout (12) also took place in
a headwater lake in the Tsisi Creek drainage (Table 4.4-2). Radio transmitters were surgically
implanted in adult fish of sufficient body size distributed temporally and longitudinally in the
Upper River to monitor movement patterns. Radio-tagged fish were relocated during aerial
surveys with flights approximately every sixteen days and more frequently (weekly) during
implementation of the Salmon Escapement Study (Study 9.7) to describe seasonal movements
within the hydrologic zone of influence upstream of the Project (Table 4.2-3). Stationary radio
receivers were installed and operated at the Watana Dam site, Watana Creek, Kosina Creek, and
Oshetna River sites between late April and early November, 2014 (Table 4.1-5). Fixed radio
telemetry monitoring efficiency was tested on a weekly basis (Table 4.2-2). Average radio tag
life is 450, 652, and 901 days depending on tag size. Summary information for tags at large
(Table 4.4-3) indicates the number of fish with valid tags that were actively tracked by month in
the Upper River in 2014 and 2015.
4.4.3. Task C: Describe juvenile Chinook Salmon movements.
Juvenile Chinook Salmon movement within the Upper River was described using the rotary
screw traps and biotelemetry methods outlined in Objective 2, Tasks A and B. Juvenile Chinook
Salmon greater than 60 mm (2.4 in) fork length were evaluated for PIT tagging. Fish deemed to
be suitable for tagging based on size and condition were implanted with a PIT tag. Rotary screw
traps were also used to document juvenile Chinook Salmon migratory timing and size-at-
migration from natal tributaries and in the mainstem Susitna River.
4.4.4. Variances from Study Plan
Several variances related to seasonal movements occurred in 2014, as described below, some of
which were continuations of variances implemented in 2013 (detailed in ISR, Part A, Section 4)
or resulted from implementation of Study Plan modifications proposed in ISR, Part C, Section
7.1.2 and the proposed modifications TM (R2 Resource Consultants, Inc. 2014a).
The Study Plan provided that up to 1,000 fish per target species would be PIT-tagged in
proximity to each PIT interrogation antenna (RSP Section 9.5.4.3.2). In ISR Part C, Section
7.1.2.3.3, AEA proposed to tag up to 2,000 fish across their distribution in the Upper River rather
than in proximity to an antenna as a Study Plan modification. In 2014, AEA implemented the
proposed Study Plan modification and increased the number of tags implanted in six fish species.
This variance improved AEA’s ability to meet Objective 2 by increasing the number of total tags
deployed. It also capitalized on the fact that field crews were conducting repeat sampling in
specific areas and allowed for collection of additional information of local movements through in
hand recaptures in those areas sampled in 2014.
The Study Plan proposed implanting 30 radio tags into individuals from nine fish species in the
Upper River and indicated the spatial and temporal distribution of tagging would be determined
by the availability of target species (IP Section 5.8.1). In 2014, that goal was met or exceeded for
4 species (Arctic Grayling, Round Whitefish, Burbot, and Longnose Sucker) and progress was
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made for one more (Lake Trout). These tags provided information on seasonal movements and
habitat use of these fish; however, the targets were not met for all species. Consistent with what
was reported in the Study 9.5 ISR, Part A, Section 4.5.2, two species were rare (Humpack
Whitefish and Lake Trout) in Upper River streams in 2014 and two species were not detected in
any of the Upper River sampling (Rainbow Trout and Northern Pike). In addition, while Dolly
Varden were reasonably abundant in the Upper River, they were small bodied. Of the
approximately 500 Dolly Varden measured during fish distribution and abundance sampling in
the Upper River study area, only 3 (6%) of these char met the minimum tagging size of 277 mm
with the smallest sized radio tag, indicating the low occurrence of larger bodied char in Upper
River streams. This variance will affect AEA’s ability to address all species targeted under
Objective 2b, but will not detract from AEA’s ability to meet the study objective of describing
seasonal movements of selected fish species within the zone of hydrologic influence upstream of
the Project, as two years of sampling in over 270 habitats indicate these species are not using this
area except in very low abundance. Furthermore there is some data available from fish
distribution and abundance sampling, downstream migrant trapping and PIT tagging field efforts
will help describe the seasonal use of habitats for these species.
In 2014, AEA replaced the rotary screw trap in Kosina Creek with fyke netting near the
confluence of Kosina Creek (ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.2; R2 Resource Consultants, Inc 2014a).
This variance was in response to low catch by the trap in Kosina Creek in 2013 and was
implemented in an attempt to improve catch of multiple species. As described in t he 2014
technical memorandum evaluating proposed modification (R2 Resource Consultants 2014d).
The operation of fyke nets in the mouth of Kosina Creek and in the Kosina Creek clear water
plume was effective at increasing both the total number of fish caught and the CPUE as compare
to the 2013 rotary screw trap. The results of this variance will enhance AEA’s ability to meet
objective 2, describing seasonal movements in the Upper River.
In 2014, AEA radio tagged most fish in the summer or fall; the time when they are at an
energetic maximum and likely to be most resilient to the stresses associated with handling. This
was consistent with the variance implement in 2013 (9.5 ISR Part A, Section 4.5.4.2). Tagging
fish with tags capable of transmitting for 450-901 days when fish are best able to cope with
handling stress will enhance AEA’s ability to document seasonal movements and meet study
objective 2.
Survey methods for radio-tagged resident fish were modified from the IP (Section 5.8.2.2) to
accommodate the high number of frequencies that needed to be scanned for salmon and resident
fish. This was consistent with the tracking methods used and 2013 and described as a variance in
9.5 ISR Part A, Section 4.5.4.3. In summary, no manual tracking, directed searching, or
identification of habitat type was conducted during the period when adult salmon were being
tracked. However, resident tag frequencies were tracked manually during the period when adult
salmon tags were not present. This variance in aerial telemetry survey method likely did not have
a negative effect on meeting the objectives of the radio-telemetry component of the study
because the accuracy of the geographic positions of the tags were sufficient to characterize the
seasonal distribution and timing of resident fish. Range testing of the mobile telemetry antenna
array demonstrated that all sections of river would be scanned during a survey for each
frequency. Further, the increased occurrence of surveys during both periods of when salmon
were present and not present (relative to that proposed in the IP), provided a higher likelihood to
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detect tags. However, the accuracy (recorded within 300 meters [1000 ft]) may make habitat use
inferences less accurate if habitat delineations were smaller than the resolution of the tag
positions.
4.5. Objective 4: Characterize the seasonal life stage, growth, and
condition of juvenile anadromous and resident fish by habitat
type.
AEA implemented the methods for Objective 4 as described in the Study Plan. In conjunction with
Objectives 1 and 2, captured fish were identified to species and classified to life stage or smolt
index when possible. A summary of fish length-at-maturation for the region was used as a basis
for assigning life stages (Table 4.5.1). Each time a gear was used for sampling, a random sample
of 25 individuals per species, life stage, and site were measured for fork length (FL) in
millimeters and measured in grams. For species without a forked tail (e.g., sculpin and Burbot),
total length was measured laterally along the mid-line from the anterior edge of the snout to the
posterior edge of the tail. The total sample size of fishes measured for length and weight in 2014
was nearly 6,000 individuals (Table 4.5-2). Recaptured PIT-tagged fish (Objective 2, Task B)
provided growth rate information. Parameters recorded in each habitat unit included the number
of fish by species and life stage, fork length, weight, global positioning system (GPS) location of
sampling unit, length, width, and depths of sampling unit, time of sampling, weather conditions,
substrate type, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity.
4.5.1. Variances from Study Plan
As described in Study 9.5 ISR Part A, Section 4.7.1 and Study 9.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2, the
Study Plan stated that each time sampling gear was checked, 25 individuals of each species and
life stage were randomly selected to be measured for length and weighed (IP Section 5.1.5).
However, the FERC Study Plan Determination interpreted AEA’s study plan as proposing
measurement of all fish collected. AEA implemented the method consistent with the Study Plan
in 2013 and 2014 resulting in a variance that was described in Study 9.5 ISR Part A, Section
4.7.1 and as a study modification proposed in Study 9.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.7. The sample
size of 25 measurements per species per life stage per site was consistent with collecting the data
necessary to evaluate length frequency distributions and condition factor for sampled fish and
will not affect AEA’s ability to meet objective 5 (Study 9.6 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.6.3).
The Study Plan called for documenting the seasonal age class structure of fish by habitat type
(RSP Section 9.6.4.3.5). However, fish age could not be assigned based on fish length, so AEA
proposed the use of seasonal size structure by habitat type instead as described in Study 9.5 ISR
Part A, Section 4.7.1.2. Evaluating habitat associations by size instead of age will continue to
meet the objective of documenting the seasonal life stage use, growth, and condition of species
by habitat type and will not affect AEA’s ability to meet objective 5.
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4.6. Objective 7: Document the seasonal distribution, relative
abundance, and habitat associations of invasive species
(Northern Pike).
AEA implemented the methods for Objective 7 as described in the Study Plan with no variances.
Northern Pike were likely established in the Susitna River drainage in the 1950s through a series
of illegal introductions (Rutz 1999). The proliferation of this predatory species is of concern
owing to the negative effect of Northern Pike on salmonids and other species such as stickleback.
At this time, Northern Pike have not been documented in the Upper River, so no targeted
collection effort for pike was made. However, the presence and habitat associations of Northern
Pike have been documented as a component of all fish capture and observation sampling events
associated with Objectives 1 and 2.
4.7. Objective 8: Collect tissue samples from juvenile salmon and
resident and non-salmon anadromous fish.
AEA implemented the methods for Objective 8 as described in the Study Plan with no variances.
In support of the Genetic Baseline Study for Selected Fish Species (ISR Study 9.14) and fish
identification protocol (R2 Resource Consultants 2014c), fish tissues were collected
opportunistically in conjunction with all fish capture events. The target species, number of
samples, and protocols are outlined in the ISR for Study 9.14. Tissue samples included an
axillary process from adult salmon, caudal fin clips or mucus swabs from fish greater than 60
mm (2.4 in). Genetics samples were collected from a total of 36 juvenile Chinook Salmon
during the 2014 Study Year (Table 4.7-1).
4.8. Fish Sampling Techniques
A combination of gillnetting, electrofishing, angling, minnow trapping, hoop trapping,
snorkeling, seining, and fyke netting, and rotary screw trapping techniques were used to sample
or observe fish in the Upper River and its tributaries. Techniques selected varied based on
habitat characteristics, season, and target species/life stage. All fish sampling and handling
techniques described within this study were selected in consultation with state and federal
regulatory agencies and sampling has been conducted under state and federal biological
collection permits. Limitations on the use of some methods during particular time periods or
locations (e.g. no electrofishing when adult salmon are present) played a role in the selection of
sampling techniques.
4.8.1. Fish Handling
Fish handling was done as described in the IP (AEA 2013) with the exception of the fish
handling variance, measuring a random sample of 25 individuals per species, per life stage, and
per gear described in section 4.5.5 of this SIR. This sample size is consistent with collecting the
data necessary to evaluate length frequency distribution and condition factor for fish by species,
by gear type and macrohabitat and, thus, will be sufficient to meet the study objectives.
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4.8.2. Variances from Study Plan
Study efforts in 2014 followed the gear specifications and descriptions of field application
outlined in the IP (AEA 2013) with variances described in the Study 9.5 ISR Part A, Section 4.4,
and summarized above in Section 4.3.3.1 of this SIR. These variances were incorporated into an
updated version of IP Appendix 3, guidance for gear selection (R2 Resource Consultants 2014b).
These variances are not anticipated to reduce AEA’s ability to meet the study objectives.
5. RESULTS
Analysis of data collected in 2014 is not a component of this Study Implementation Report.
Some very general results in terms of counts and observations are presented in this section. Data
developed in support of the 2014 SIR is available for download at: http://gis.suhydro.org/SIR/09-
Fish_and_Aquatics/9.5-Fish_Dist_and_Abund_Upper_Susitna/
Nearly 9,000 fish were collected and/or observed in the Upper River in 2014 (Table 5-1). Nine
species were collected with sculpin being the most abundant fish sampled followed by: Arctic
Grayling, Longnose Sucker, Burbot, Round Whitefish, Chinook Salmon, Humpback Whitefish,
Dolly Varden, and Lake Trout (Tables 5-1 and 5-2). Among gear types, electrofishing resulted
in the highest overall catch; collected seven species; and was particularly effective with sculpin,
Longnose Sucker, Arctic Grayling, Burbot, and whitefishes (Table 5-3). Rotary screw traps
collected over fourteen hundred fish with large catches of Arctic Grayling, Longnose Sucker,
and whitefishes. Eighteen of 36 juvenile Chinook Salmon observations were at rotary screw
traps. Fyke netting captured just fewer than one thousand fish, the catch consisting mostly of
Arctic Grayling, Longnose Sucker, and sculpin (Table 5-3). Fyke netting collected the second
most Chinook Salmon after rotary screw traps. Other gear types caught lesser numbers of fish.
Lake Trout were only taken by angling in 2014 (Table 5-3).
5.1. Objective 1: Fish Distribution, Relative Abundance, and Habitat
Associations
5.1.1. Task A: Fish Distribution and Relative Abundance Sampling
Table 5-2 describes the species distribution within the Upper River study area, including the
mainstem Susitna River geomorphic reaches (UR-3, UR-4, UR-5, and UR-6), tributaries, and
lakes, as documented during 2012 through 2014 field studies. Additionally, the table
incorporates historic fish distribution information from ADF&G (1981 & 1984), Saunter and
Stratton 1983, 1984), Buckwalter (2011), and Kirsch et al. (2014).
Nine fish species are known to inhabit the Upper Susitna River study area. These include one
anadromous species, Chinook Salmon, as well as Arctic Grayling, Burbot, Lake Trout, Longnose
Sucker, Slimy Sculpin, Humpback Whitefish, and Round Whitefish (Table 5-2). During field
surveys sculpin were not always identified to the species level; therefore, they are reported
herein as sculpin spp. When sculpin were identified to species, identifications included only
Slimy Sculpin. Each of these nine species was documented in the Upper River study area in
2012 (HDR 2013), 2013 (AEA 2014A), and 2014. With the exception of Lake Trout, all species
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in the Upper River also have been documented in the Middle River study area (ISR Study 9.6;
R2 Resource Consultants 2015).
Overall, the 2014 distribution patterns varied among species, particularly with regard to
differences between the mainstem Susitna River and tributary habitats. Only Arctic Grayling
and sculpin were widely distributed in both the mainstem river and its tributaries (Table 5-2).
Chinook Salmon, Burbot, Longnose Sucker, and Round Whitefish were also widespread in the
Susitna River, but their distribution within tributaries was limited primarily to larger streams
such as Kosina Creek and the Oshetna River (Table 5-2). Dolly Varden were found almost
exclusively in tributary streams, and Lake Trout were found primarily in lakes although small
numbers were observed in Watana Creek and the mouth of Watana Creek (Tables 5-1 and 5.2).
A more detailed description of Chinook Salmon distribution is provided below in Section
5.1.1.1.
5.1.1.1. Chinook Salmon
In 2014, Chinook Salmon were distributed in the Upper River between the lower reaches of
Deadman Creek (PRM 189.4) to the lower reaches of the Oshetna River (PRM 235.1; Table 5-
1); Chinook Salmon were not collected or observed in the Black River despite intensive
sampling of over 3,600 meters of tributary and off-channel habitats three times (R2 Resource
Consultants 2014c; Table 5-1). Increased sampling effort in off-channel habitats and operation of
a rotary screw on the mainstem Susitna River facilitated detection of Chinook Salmon juveniles
in mainstem reaches (UR-4 through UR-6) and in the lower reaches of several tributaries
downstream of the primary spawning tributaries (Table 5-2). Juvenile Chinook Salmon were
found in tributary mouth and side channel habitats but not in side sloughs or upland sloughs of
the Upper River (Table 5-1). No juvenile Chinook Salmon were observed in the mainstem
Susitna River upstream of PRM 210, including reach UR-3 (Table 5-1). One adult Chinook
Salmon was observed boat electrofishing the main channel habitat at Transect PRM 209.9, just
upstream of Kosina Creek. The fish was rolled but not netted and electrofishing stopped in
accordance with the ADF&G Fish Resource Permit.
5.1.1.2. Other Species
Arctic Grayling were widely distributed throughout the mainstem Susitna River (PRM 187.1 to
235.1), tributaries, and lakes. No new occurrences outside of the known range of Arctic Grayling
were documented in 2014 (Table 5.2). Burbot were present throughout the mainstem river and
in the largest tributary streams including: Deadman Creek, Unnamed Tributary 197.7, Kosina
Creek, Jay Creek, and the Oshetna and Black river system (Table 5-1). Dolly Varden were
found in very low numbers in a clear water plume in UR-6 and tributaries of varying sizes (Table
5-1). In 2014, Dolly Varden were found in the lower reaches of one tributary stream where they
had been previously undocumented, Unnamed Tributary 204.5 (Table 5-2). Although lake
sampling is not a specific objective of study 9.5, four lakes in the Upper Susitna River have been
found to support Lake Trout (Table 5-2). These lakes include Deadman Lake in the Deadman
Basin, an unnamed lake also in the Deadman Basin, Sally Lake in the Watana Basin, and an
unnamed lake in the Tsisi Creek basin. Within riverine habitats, small numbers of juvenile Lake
Trout have been observed in an unnamed tributary to Watana Creek draining Big Lake and
Watana Creek near its mouth (Table 5-2). Longnose suckers were distributed throughout the
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mainstem Susitna River geomorphic reaches UR-6, UR-5, UR-4, and UR-3, and in five of the
larger tributary streams: Watana Creek, Unnamed Tributary 197.7, Kosina Creek, Goose Creek,
and the Oshetna/Black river system (Table 5-2). Whitefishes were distributed throughout the
mainstem study area and in tributaries of varying sizes.
5.2. Objective 2: Seasonal Movements
5.2.1. Task A: Document the timing of downstream movement and catch for all
fish species using out-migrant traps.
Rotary screw traps (RST) were operated at PRM 200.3 and near the mouth of the Oshetna River
(PRM 235.1), while fyke nets were fished near the confluence of Kosina Creek and the Susitna
River (PRM 209.1). These traps were used to document seasonal fish movements of
anadromous salmon and resident fish species out of these Upper River tributaries and down the
mainstem between mid-May and late September (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a). During this
period, the Oshetna River RST caught 919 fish, the mainstem RST caught 497 fish, and the
Kosina Creek fyke nets 223 fish (Table 5.-1). Juvenile Chinook Salmon, and six species of
resident fish including Arctic Grayling, Burbot, Longnose Sucker, sculpin, Humpback Whitefish,
and Round Whitefish were collected. The Oshetna River and mainstem RSTs caught seven
species, while the Kosina Creek fyke nets tallied six species. Juvenile Chinook Salmon were
caught at all locations; the highest catch of fifteen fish was at the mainstem RST at PRM 200.3
followed by Kosina fyke nets (11) and the Oshetna RST (3) (Table 5-1). Most juvenile Chinook
Salmon were collected in late May (trapping began May 19) and June at all trapping locations;
catches then declined in July, and no Chinook Salmon were collected in August or September.
Higher catches in the first six to eight weeks of the trapping season was consistent among
locations. Seasonally, catch of other fishes in the Oshetna River trap increased from May (64 fish
in six trapping nights) to September (387 fish), driven by increasing numbers of juvenile/adult
Arctic Grayling. Catches of Longnose Sucker, the second most abundant species caught in the
Oshetna River trap (Table 5-1), were consistent throughout the trapping period. Overall catch at
the mainstem RST were highest in July (249 fish) driven by high catch of juvenile Arctic
Grayling, Burbot, and whitefishes. Following this July pulse, catch declined and were low in
August (44 fish) and September (38 fish). Collection numbers at the Kosina fyke nets followed a
similar pattern to the Oshetna River RST, increasing throughout the trapping season. This trend
was driven by increased catch of juvenile Arctic Grayling in August (62) and September (52).
Catches of juvenile burbot in the Kosina Creek fyke nets remained low and consistent each
month.
5.3. Objective 4: Characterize the seasonal life stage, growth, and
condition of juvenile anadromous and resident fish by habitat
type.
Sampling in 2014 will inform future analysis of growth and condition by habitat for the Updated
Study Report. Below are some general findings from 2014.
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5.3.1. Juvenile Chinook Salmon
In 2014, juvenile Chinook Salmon measured for fork length in the Upper River ranged from 46
to 114 mm with average and median lengths of 87 and 90.5 mm, respectively (Figure 5- 1). Fish
collected in 2014 were generally larger than those collected in 2013; median lengths by year
were 90.5 and 61 mm, respectively (Figure 5-1).
5.3.2. Other Species
Juvenile and juvenile/adult Arctic Grayling were most abundant in tributaries (Deadman Creek
and Black River), clear water plume, side channel, and side slough habitats (Table 5-1). Adult
Arctic Grayling were most abundant at the mouth of the Oshetna River (RST) and the Deadman
Creek mouth and clear water plume. Juvenile Burbot were associated with a wide variety of
habitat types including tributary (namely the Black River), main channel, side channel, side
slough and upland slough (Table 5-1). Dolly Varden were rare in the Upper River study area in
2014, and were only observed in Deadman Creek, the clear water plume of Deadman Creek and
Unnamed Tributary 204.5. Lake Trout were documented during opportunistic sampling of an
unnmaed lake in the Tsisi Creek basin. Juvenile and juvenile/adult Longnose Sucker were found
to be most abundant in side slough habitats (Table 5-1). Juvenile whitefishes were most
abundant in side slough and side channel habitats while adults were mostly associated with side
channel and main channel habitats.
5.4. Objective 7: Document the seasonal distribution, relative
abundance, and habitat associations of invasive species
(Northern Pike).
No Northern Pike were collected in the Upper River in 2014 (Table 5-1) or during any sampling
to date (Table 5-2).
5.5. Objective 8: Collect tissue samples from juvenile salmon and
resident and non-salmon anadromous fish.
Fish tissue samples in the Upper River were collected opportunistically from juvenile salmon
and resident fish species in conjunction with all fish capture events in support of the Genetic
Baseline Study for Selected Fish Species (Study 9.14). The Genetic Baseline Study for Selected
Fish Species Study Implementation Report provides a complete summary of sample collection.
In addition, 228 genetics samples have been collected from juvenile Chinook Salmon in the
Upper River including 36 samples during the 2014 study season (Table 5-4). These samples were
sent to ADF&G genetics laboratory for species verification. All samples of juvenile salmon
from the Upper River have resulted in positive species identifications as Chinook Salmon (Table
5-4).
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6. DISCUSSION
The study of Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Upper Susitna River is ongoing. As
indicated in Section 4, tasks associated with five study objectives were conducted in 2014. The
discussion below includes a summary of key findings in 2014 and an assessment of the adequacy
of the data collected in 2014 to meet the study objectives and a summary of proposed
modifications. Where applicable, a comparison between 2014 results and previously collected
data in the Upper River study area is also provided (R2 Resource Consultants 2014c).
6.1. Juvenile Chinook Salmon
6.1.1. Occurrence in the Upper River
Initial documentation of juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Upper River study area occurred in
2003 when ADF&G collected several individuals from the Oshetna River and Kosina Creek
during fish inventories (Buckwalter 2011, Kirsch et al 2014). Since that time, through AEA’s
licensing efforts, nearly 300 juvenile Chinook Salmon have also been documented in Kosina
Creek, Oshetna River, Black River (tributary to the Oshetna River), lower Deadman Creek,
lower Unnamed Tributary 197.7, and the mainstem Susitna River reaches UR-4, UR-5, and UR-
6 (Buckwalter 2011, AEA 2014a, Kirsch et al. 2014, Table 5-2; Figure 6-1). Based on 2013 and
2014 surveys Kosina Creek and the Black River appear to be the primary rearing areas for the
Chinook Salmon in the Upper River (Figure 6-1).
Fish collection effort and juvenile Chinook Salmon catch has been variable between sampling
years. In 2012, no juvenile Chinook Salmon were collected in the Upper River despite
widespread sampling efforts including Kosina Creek and the Oshetna River (HDR 2013). In
2013, AEA study teams collected 281 juvenile Chinook Salon in three tributaries: the Oshetna
River, Black River and Kosina Creek with 70% of the catch from Kosina Creek and 28% from
the Black River. In 2014, the Kosina Creek catch was reduced by an order of magnitude, the
Oshetna was low but stable, and no juvenile salmon were observed in the Black River despite
intensive sampling effort in that tributary (Table 5-1). In addition in 2014, juvenile Chinook
were collected in the mainstem Susitna River as well as in two undocumented tributary streams:
the lower reaches of Deadman Creek (PRM 189.4) and Unnamed Tributary 197.7 (Table 5-2).It
remains unclear whether Deadman Creek and Unnamed Tributary 197.7 are natal tributaries for
these fish or whether the fish entered from the mainstem Susitna during their downstream
migration.
Results of genetic analysis verified the species field identification for all juvenile Chinook
Salmon from the Upper River that were typed from 2012, 2013, and 2014 collections. No other
species of juvenile Pacific salmon have been collected in the Upper River or the Middle River
above Devils Canyon Impediment 1 (PRM 155.1, R2 Resource Consultants 2015).
6.1.2. Occurrence in the Middle River Within and Above Devils Canyon
In addition to collections in the Upper River study area (above PRM 187.1), since 2003, over
100 juvenile Chinook Salmon have been observed in the Middle River and its tributaries
upstream of Devils Canyon Impediment 3 (PRM 164.7, Buckwalter 2011, HDR 2013, AEA
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2014a, Kirsch et al. 2014, R2 Resource Consultants 2015). The collections have primarily
occurred in Devils Creek, Fog Creek and tributaries, and Tsusena Creek. More than 400 juvenile
Chinook Salmon have been collected in Cheechako (PRM 155.9) and Chinook (PRM 160.5)
Creeks, tributaries to Devils Canyon between Impediments 1 and 3 (PRM 155.1-164.7;
Buckwalter 2011; HDR 2013; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; and R2 Resource Consultants
2015). Results of genetic analysis verified the species field identification and all juvenile
Chinook Salmon from the Middle River above Impediment 1 (PRM 155.1) that were typed from
2012, 2013, and 2014 collections (R2 Resource Consultants 2015).
6.1.3. Size
Juvenile Chinook Salmon collected in the Upper River from 2003 through 2014 have ranged in
size from 38 to 114 mm FL with a median and mean of 63 and 65 mm, respectively (Figure 6-2).
The size distribution of juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Upper River has varied by collection
year and season (Figure 5-1 and 6-3). In 2003, median length was 68.5 mm, in 2013 61 mm, and
in 2014 90.5 mm (Figure 5-1). In late May and June juvenile Chinook Salmon sizes followed a
bi-modal distribution with small fish 38-50 mm and larger fish 81-110 mm (Figure 6-3). In July,
the majority of fish collected were 41-65 mm, in August 50-75 mm, and September 51-80 mm
(Figure 6-3). Juvenile Chinook Salmon collected in tributary streams were smaller (median 60.5
mm FL) than fish collected in tributary mouths or the mainstem Susitna River (87 mm FL)
presumably dispersing or out-migrating (Figure 6-4).
The bimodal length-frequency distribution of juvenile fish collected in 2013 and 2014 (Figures
5-1 and 6-2) suggests that two age classes may be present, i.e., a portion of 2013 year class out-
migrated in 2013 while other parr reared in the Upper River over the 2013-14 winter and out-
migrated as larger 1+ fish. The few numbers of fish less than 70 mm in 2014, may also be
indicative of the year-to-year variability in spawning and/or juvenile survival for Upper River
Chinook Salmon. This is consistent with adult fish estimates, where 2012 Upper River counts
and the number of tagged fish moving into the Upper River were both greater than respective
2013 counts (AEA 2014c).
6.1.4. Timing
In 2013 and 2014, 38 of 52 juvenile Chinook Salmon collected in mainstem Upper Susitna River
habitats (including tributary mouths) occurred in late late-May through mid-July, within six to
nine weeks of river breakup (Figure 6-5). Similar to the Middle River (AEA 2014A; Schmidt et
al. 1985), the primary outmigration period for juvenile Upper River Chinook Salmon appears to
be May and June shortly after ice breakup. Collection numbers in mainstem habitats declined
each month through the summer and into the fall; only two juvenile Chinook Salmon were
collected in September and early October despite intensive sampling and downstream migrant
trapping.
6.2. Lake Trout
In 2014 sampling took place in an Unnamed Lake in the Tsisi Creek drainage within the Kosina
Creek drainage to follow up on anecdotal accounts of aggregations of large salmonids in this
lake. Aerial reconnaissance by field staff confirmed an abundance of large fish in this lake in late
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August 2014. Efforts were made to sample these fish in late August and early September using
hoop trapping and angling. Thirteen fish were collected in the size range of 372-456 mm fork
length; all were confirmed to be Lake Trout (Table 5-1). A portion of these fish received radio
tags and their movements were monitored through June 2015 (Table 4.4-2).
6.3. Proposed Additional Sampling Modifications
In 2014, AEA implemented variances proposed as modifications in Section 7.1 of the Initial
Study Report (ISR), and a 2014 technical memorandum on sampling considerations (R2
Resource Consultants 2014e). AEA then evaluated the merit of the proposed variances in further
addressing study objectives and developed recommendations for further study efforts in a
technical memorandum on proposed modifications (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a). A
summary of these recommendations follows.
6.3.1. 2014 Pilot Test of Tributary Sampling Approach
Sampling full GRTS panels in the Black River resulted in more mesohabitat units (19 vs 11) and
increased sampling length (2,274 m vs 1,050 m). For many species and life stages, the full
sampling approach resulted in increased accuracy and precision of relative abundance estimates
(R2 Resource Consultants 2014a) and increased replicates of fish counts across habitats,
including rarer habitats. This increased replication will better support a full evaluation of fish-
habitat associations for the USR.
AEA proposed to adopt the tributary sampling modifications and targets from ISR, Part C,
7.1.2.4, and summarized in Proposed 2015 Modifications to Fish Distribution and Abundance
Study Plan Implementation Technical Memorandum (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a). By
applying this modified approach, the sampling length in all but one tributary would be
maintained or increased beyond that accomplished in 2013 (R2 Resource Consultants 2014a).
The sample length for each tributary would be developed for the length of main-channel to be
sampled and would be accomplished by sampling the fewest number of GRTS panels possible to
accommodate the target length. The use of the GRTS panel process for selection would ensure
that survey sites are spatially balanced throughout the tributary. In addition, because the target
lengths are based on main channel GRTS panels, the length of tributary off-channel habitat
surveyed would be in addition to the length of sample targets, as was evident for the Black River
in 2014 (target 3,200 m, total 3,600 m). As the application of this modification in the Black
River has shown, this modified approach would allow for inclusion of additional mesohabitat
replicates and would improve AEA’s ability to discuss fish use of habitats for rare species and
habitats in Upper River tributaries.
6.3.2. 2014 Test of the Mainstem Hybrid Sampling Approach
Implementing the hybrid approach as described in the proposed modification TM (R2 Resource
Consultants, Inc. 2014a) has been demonstrated to increase both the types of habitat as well as
the overall length/area of habitat sampled in the Upper River, and thereby improve AEA’s ability
to characterize fish-habitat associations in the Upper Susitna River (R2 Resource Consultants
2014a). The hybrid approach allows for the random and spatially balanced (GRTS) selection of
rare habitats in the Upper River while maintaining repeated sampling of main channel transe ct
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locations established in 2013. AEA proposes that ten transects be selected for repeat sampling
supplemented with GRTS-based selection of off-channel and side channel sampling locations
(R2 Resource Consultants 2014a) based on habitat mapping results (Study 9.9).
6.3.3. Downstream Migrant Trap Locations
The mainstem trapping location implemented in 2014 (PRM 200.3) is approximately thirteen
river miles upstream of the proposed Watana Dam location. This site provided good hydraulic
conditions for downstream migrant trapping, produced good catch numbers, and has a large
landing zone for site access. Site reconnaissance prior to the 2014 open water season using
habitat mapping videography followed up with site visits in May 2014 identified this location as
the best option of very few potential locations in the mainstem above the Watana Dam site..
Fyke netting in the mouth and clear water plume of Kosina Creek in 2014 was more effective
than operating a rotary screw trap at tributary PRM 2.2, especially for juvenile Chinook Salmon
(Sampling Considerations for Study 9.5 Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Upper Susitna
River, March 2014; Table 5-1). Based on data collection in 2014, AEA intend to rely upon
rotary screw trap operation at the mouth of the Oshetna River and the PRM 200 mainstem
location as well as fyke netting in the mouth and clear water plume of Kosina Creek. This
operation would be consistent with the modifications proposed in ISR, Part C, Section 7.1.2.2
and the proposed modification TM (R2 Resource Consultants, Inc, 2014a).
7. CONCLUSION
In 2014, AEA conducted tasks associated with five of the eight study objectives. The radio-
telemetry potion of Objective 2b, describing seasonal movements of resident fishes in the Upper
River has been completed. Target tagging goals have been met for all target fish species that are
present and abundant in the Upper River as determined by fish distribution and sampling in 2013
and 2014 with the exception of Dolly Varden. Dolly Varden are present and abundant in the
Upper River but are not large enough for even the smallest radio tags. Northern Pike and
Rainbow Trout have not been documented as present in the Upper River. Humpback Whitefish
and Lake Trout although present but have been rare in river and stream samples with only 27 and
10 fish observed over two years of surveys. For the four fish species where tags targets have
been met or exceeded, the fish have been tracked continuously from July 2, 2013 through July 6,
2015. The tagging data are undergoing analysis.
For all other objectives addressed in 2014, the combination of 2013 and 2014 study efforts
including variances (as described in ISR Section 4), and the planned work for the second
complete study year including modifications (as described in ISR, Part C, Section 7.1.2 and R2
Resource Consultants 2014a), and the integration with other studies will fully achieve the
proposed Study Plan objectives described in Study 9.5 ISR, Part A, Section 2 (AEA 2014a).
In 2014, AEA continued baseline documentation studies of fish distribution and abundance in the
Upper Susitna River and collected data that supports study modifications proposed in Study 9.5
ISR Part C Section 7.1.2 (AEA 2014a). The results described in this report demonstrate the
successful implementation of a first year of data collection for all Study 9.5 study objectives and
two years of data collection for the radio telemetry effort implemented under Objective 2b. This
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field work, data collection, data analysis, and reporting for the Study of Fish Distribution and
Abundance in the Upper Susitna River demonstrate that AEA is on track to meet all study
objectives in the FERC-approved Study Plan.
7.1. Modifications to Study Plan
AEA plans to implement the modification identified in the Study 9.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2.
In addition, AEA proposes the following three modifications to the 9.5 Study Plan.
1. Implementation of the variances proposed as tributary sampling modifications and targets
from the Initial Study Report 7.1.2.4, as summarized in Proposed 2015 Modifications to
Fish Distribution and Abundance Study Plan Implementation Technical Memorandum (R2
Resource Consultants 2014a). See Supra Section 6.3.1.
2. Implementation of the hybrid approach to mainstem sampling in the Upper River. See
Supra Section 6.3.2.
3. Implementation of the direct sampling approach to unnamed tributaries 197.7, 204.5, and
206.3. See Supra Section 6.3.3.
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Drainage. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Completion Report, D-J Study G-II-E,
Juneau, AK.
STUDY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT STUDY OF FISH DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE
IN THE UPPER SUSITNA RIVER (STUDY 9.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 26 November 2015
Rutz, D. (1999). Movements, food availability and stomach contents of Northern Pike in selected
Susitna River drainages, 1996-1997. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of
Sport Fish, Research and Technical Services.
Sautner, J., and M. Stratton. 1983. Upper Susitna River Impoundment Studies 1982. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game. Anchorage, Alaska. 220 pp.
Schmidt, D.C., S.S. Hale, D.L. Crawford. 1985. Resident and juvenile anadromous fish
investigations (May - October 1984). Prepared for the Alaska Power Authority. Alaska
Department of Fish and Game Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Anchorage, Alaska. 481
pp.
Vladykov, V. D., and E. Kott. 1978. A new nonparasitic species of the holarctic Lamprey genus
Lethenteron Creaser and Hubbs, 1922 (Petromyzontidae) from northwestern North
America with notes on other species of the same genus. University of Alaska, Fairbanks,
AK.
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9. TABLES
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Table 2-1. Study objectives for the Study of Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Upper Susitna River from the Revised Study Plan.
Note that the Revised Study Plan was succeeded by the Final Susitna River Fish Distribution and Abundance Implementation Plan (March 2013).
Obj Task
Species/
Life stage Study Sites Proposed Methods by Season
1A Distribution and
Relative Abundance
Juvenile salmon, non-
salmon anadromous,
resident
Representative habitat
types
Single pass sampling
Selection of methods will be site-specific, species-specific, and life-stage-specific.
For juvenile and small fish sampling, electrofishing, snorkeling, seining, fyke nets, angling,
DIDSON and video camera where feasible and appropriate.
For adults, directed efforts with seines, gill nets, trot lines, and angling.
To the extent possible, the selected transects will be standardized and the methods will be
repeated during each sampling period at a specific site to evaluate temporal changes in fish
distribution.
Additional info from radio telemetry studies (Objective #2).
1B Fish habitat
associations
Juvenile salmon, non-
salmon anadromous,
resident
Representative habitat
types
Analysis of data collected under Objective 1: Distribution. Combination of fish presence,
distribution, and density by mesohabitat type by season.
2A Timing of downstream
movement and catch
using out-migrant
traps
All species; juveniles At selected out-
migrant trap & PIT tag
array sites
Rotary Screw Traps: Maximum of 2. One near the proposed dam site; one near the mouth of a
known Chinook Salmon spawning tributary.
Combine with fyke net sampling to identify key site-specific differences.
Sampling in mainstem lateral habitats downstream of tributaries with fyke nets, seines, and
out-migrant traps
2B Describe seasonal
movements using
biotelemetry (PIT and
radio-tags)
Multiple species River-wide aerial
tracking surveys
PIT tags: tags opportunistically implanted from a variety of capture techniques.
Radio-tags surgically implanted in up to 30 fish of sufficient body size of each species
distributed temporally & longitudinally.
2C Describe juvenile
Chinook Salmon
movements
Juvenile Chinook
Salmon
Representative habitat
types
Rotary screw trap in known Chinook spawning tributaries
Monthly measurements of fish size/ growth
3 Document life stage,
growth, and condition
by season
Juvenile anadromous
and resident fish
All study sites for Obj
1A
Stock biology measurements – length from captured fish up to 100 individuals per season per
species per life stage.
Emphasis placed on juvenile Chinook Salmon.
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Obj Task
Species/
Life stage Study Sites Proposed Methods by Season
4 Seasonal
presence/absence and
habitat associations of
invasive species
Northern Pike All study sites Same methods as #1 and #2 above.
The presence of Northern Pike and other invasive fish species will be documented in all
samples
Additional direct efforts with angling as necessary
5 Collect tissue samples
to support the Genetic
Baseline Study
All All study sites in which
fish are handled
Opportunistic collections in conjunction with all capture methods listed above.
Tissue samples include axillary process from all adult salmon, caudal fin clips from fish >60
mm, and whole fish <60 mm.
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Table 4.1-1. Tributaries selected for fish distribution and abundance sampling in the Upper Susitna River.
Tributary
Susitna
River
Mainstem
PRM
Listed in
AWC
Catalog
Stream
Access-
ibility
Average
Wetted
Width1
(m)
Drainage
Basin
Area
Average
Channel
Width2
(m)
GRTS
Sampling
Unit Size
(m) (km2)
Oshetna River 235.1 yes yes 17 1424.5 34 800
Black River NA no yes 14 NA NA 400
Goose Creek 232.8 yes yes 10 269.1 12 200
Proposed Reservoir Inundation Zone PRM 232.5
Jay Creek 211 no no 8 160.1 14 DIR
Kosina Creek 209.1 yes partial 33 1036.5 45 800
Tsisi Creek NA no yes 58 NA NA 400
Unnamed Tributary 206.3 no unknown NA <80.3 NA DIR
Unnamed Tributary 204.5 no unknown NA <80.3 NA DIR
Unnamed Tributary 197.7 no unknown NA <80.3 NA DIR
Watana Creek 196.9 yes partial 11 452.7 16 400
Watana Creek
Tributary NA no yes NA NA 13 200
Unnamed Tributary 194.8 no unknown NA 321.2 NA 400
Deadman Creek 189.4 no no 32 453.5 27 DIR
Proposed Watana Dam Site PRM 187.1
Notes:
1 Data taken from AEA (unpublished 2012 data).
2 Data taken from Saunter and Stratton (1983).
DIR = tributary subject to direct rather than statistical sampling due to accessibility issues.
NA = data not available or applicable
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Table 4.1-2. 2013-2014 tributary sampling summary and proposed future Upper River tributary sampling length targets.
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Table 4.1-3. Back River GRTS tributary habitat classification and mesohabitat sampling, 2013 & 2014.
Macrohabitat Off-Channel b
Mesohabitat
Boulder riffleRapidRun/GlideBoulder riffleRiffleRun/GlideBoulder riffleRiffleRun/GlideRun/GlideBoulder RifflePercolation ChannelBlack River: Panel 01 100 100 100 100 200
Black River: Panel 02 100 100 200 200 100 300
Black River: Panel 04 100 100 100 100
Black River: Panel 06 100 150 250 250 250
Black River: Panel 07 100 100 100 100
Black River: Panel 09 100 100 100 100
300 - 100 400 100 - 150 250 - 100 100 200 850 --100 1,050
Black River: Panel 01 104 296 400 400 127 527
Black River: Panel 02 100 245 345 55 55 400 140 540
Black River: Panel 03 43 282 75 400 400 51 44 495
Black River: Panel 04 90 90 310 310 400 40 440
Black River: Panel 05 400 400 400 400
Black River: Panel 06 150 100 250 100 100 50 50 400 400
Black River: Panel 07 210 190 400 17 17 417 417
Black River: Panel 09 280 280 120 120 400 400
787 562 471 1,820 100 100 572 772 520 55 50 625 3,217 51 44 127 3,619
Tributaryb
Main
Channel
Total
a: 2013 main channel totals may included parrallel mesohabitats
b: when encoutered, tributaries and off-channel habitats were sampled upstream of the confluence for 200 meters or 20x channel widths, whichever was smaller
Grand
Total
(m)
Split Main Channel
Split
Main
Total
Multi-
Split
Main
Channel
Total
Multi-Split Main Channel
20142014 Total
Year
Single
Main
Total
Single Main Channel
20132013 Totala
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Table 4.1-4. Sample effort for hybrid mainstem GRTS and transect sampling in the Upper River, 2014.
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Table 4.1-5. Operation schedule and antenna orientation for fixed-station receiver locations in the Middle and Upper
Susitna River, 2014.Fixed stations receivers were not deployed in 2015.
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna 3
Lane Creek 116.8 10-May 3-Oct Down Susitna Up Susitna Across Susitna
Monitor for Curry tagged fish moving
downstream; Monitor for Lower River
tagged fish moving into Middle River
Gateway 130.1 14-Jun 23-Sep Down Susitna Up Susitna Monitor for Curry tagged fish moving
upstream
Indian River 142.1 2-May 28-Oct Down Susitna Up Susitna Up Indian River Salmon spawning stream
Cheechako
Creek 157.4 13-Jun 9-Oct Down Susitna Up Susitna Monitor site for fish passing above
Impediment 1
Chinook Creek 160.5 13-Jun 2-Oct Down Susitna Up Susitna Monitor site for fish passing above
Impediment 2
Devils Island 166.9 13-Jun 3-Dec Down Susitna Up Susitna Monitor site for fish passing above
Impediment 3
Watana Dam Site 186.8 8-Jul 5-Nov Down Susitna Up Susitna Monitor fish moving past proposed dam site
Watana Creek 196.9 14-Jun 10-Oct Down Susitna Up Susitna Up Watana
Creek
Large accessible tributary within
impoundment zone
Kosina Creek 209.1 30-Apr 4-Nov Down Susitna Up Susitna Up Kosina Creek Salmon spawning stream
Oshetna River 235.1 20-May 9-Oct Down Susitna Up Susitna Up Oshetna
River
Monitor site for fish in mainstem Susitna
River and entering Oshetna River
Middle River
Downstream extent Devils Canyon PRM 153.9
Upper Extent Devils Canyon PRM169.6
Proposed Dam Site PRM 187.1/Upper River Boundary
Watana Reservoir Low Pool 222.5
Watana Reservoir Full Pool 232.5
RationaleStationPRMInstall
Date
Removal
Date
Antenna Orientation
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Table 4.2-2. Monitoring efficiency (percent operational) of Upper Susitna fixed-station receivers, by week, 2014.
Percentages were calculated as the number of hours of recorded receiver activity divided by the number of hours in the
week; "-" = 'not deployed'. Receivers were considered active in a given hour if at least one fish detection, beacon-tag hit,
or noise event was recorded during the hour.
Week
Near Watana Dam Site
(PRM 186.8)
Watana Creek
(PRM 196.9)
Kosina Creek
(PRM 209.1)
Oshetna River
(PRM 235.1)
4/28 - 5/4 nd nd 100 nd
5/5 - 5/11 nd nd 100 nd
5/12 - 5/18 nd nd 94 nd
5/19 - 5/25 nd nd 78 100
5/26 - 6/1 nd nd 100 100
6/2 - 6/8 nd nd 100 100
6/9 - 6/15 nd 62 100 100
6/16 - 6/22 nd 91 100 100
6/23 - 6/29 nd 24 100 100
6/30 - 7/6 nd 79 100 100
7/7 - 7/13 100 100 100 100
7/14 - 7/20 100 100 100 100
7/21 - 7/27 100 100 100 100
7/28 - 8/3 100 100 100 100
8/4 - 8/10 100 100 100 100
8/11 - 8/17 100 100 100 100
8/18 - 8/24 100 100 100 100
8/25 - 8/31 100 100 100 100
9/1 - 9/7 30 100 100 100
9/8 - 9/14 94 100 100 100
9/15 - 9/21 100 100 100 100
9/22 - 9/28 100 100 100 100
9/29 - 10/5 100 100 100 100
10/6 - 10/12 100 100 100 100
10/13 - 10/19 100 nd 99 nd
10/20 - 10/26 100 nd 100 nd
10/27 - 11/2 39 nd 100 nd
11/3 - 11/9 0 nd 100 nd
2015: fixed station receivers were not deployed
Light Grey: Low power/dead battery; Grey: Receiver not scanning; Dark Gray: station damaged by wildlife.
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Table 4.2-3. Summary of aerial surveys of radio-tagged fish in the Upper Susitna River, 2014-2015
(Table 1 of 2).
Zone
Number 201 203 205 207 212 215 222 223 224 225 228 229 232 233 236
Waterbody Susitna
River
Susitna
River
Susitna
River
Susitna
River
Susitna
River
Susitna
River
Susitna
River
Begin Dam Site
PRM
187.1
Deadman
Creek
PRM
189.4
Wantana
Creek
PRM
196.9
Kosina
Creek
PRM
209.1
Jay
Creek
PRM
211
Goose
Creek
PRM
232.9
Oshetna
River
PRM
235.1
End Deadman
Creek
PRM
189.4
Watana
Creek
PRM
196.9
Kosina
Creek
PRM
209.1
Jay
Creek
PRM
211
Goose
Creek
PRM
232.9
Oshetna
River
PRM
235.1
Tyone
River
PRM
247.3
Jan-6 H H H H H H H
Jan-28,29 H H H H H H H H H H H
Feb-17 H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Mar-18 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Apr-9 H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Apr-30 H H H H H H H H H H H H
May-20 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Jun-11 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Jun-16 H H H H H H H H H H H H
Jun-21 H H H H H H H H H H H H
Jun-24,25 H H H H H H H H H H H H
Jun-28 H H H H H
Jul-10 H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Jul-14 Ha H
Jul-17 H H H H H H H H H
Jul-25 H H H H H H H H H H H H
Aug-1 H H H H H
Aug-3 H H H H H H H H H H H H
Aug-6,9,12 H H H H H H H H H H H Hb
Aug-15 H H H H H H H
Aug-18 H H H H H H
Aug-21 H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Aug-30 H H H H H H H H H H H H
Sep-5 H H H H H H H H H H H H
Sep-17 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Oct-2 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Oct-14 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Nov-4,5 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Dec-4,5 H H H H H H H Hb H
Dec-16 H H H H H H H H H H Hb H
Deadman
Creek
PRM
189.4
Unnamed
Tributary
PRM
194.8
Watana
Creek
PRM
196.9
Reservoir Inundation Zone Full Pool PRM 232.5Kosina
Creek
PRM
209.1
Jay
Creek
PRM
211
H=Helicopter Survey,a =Includes survey of Susitna River PRM 247.3 to PRM 266.6 and Clearwater Creek (PRM 266.6),b =Includes survey
of Susitna River PRM 247.3 to PRM 266.6
Goose
Creek
PRM
232.9
Oshetna
River
PRM
235.1
Tyone
River
PRM
247.3
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Table 4.2-3. Summary of aerial surveys of radio-tagged fish in the Upper Susitna River, 2015 (Table 2 of 2).
Zone Number 201 203 205 207 212 215 222 223 224 225 228 229 232 233 236
Waterbody Susitna River Susitna River Susitna River Susitna River Susitna River Susitna River Susitna River
Begin Dam Site
PRM 187.1
Deadman
Creek PRM
189.4
Wantana
Creek PRM
196.9
Kosina Creek
PRM 209.1
Jay Creek
PRM 211
Goose Creek
PRM 232.9
Oshetna
River PRM
235.1
End Deadman
Creek PRM
189.4
Watana Creek
PRM 196.9
Kosina Creek
PRM 209.1
Jay Creek
PRM 211
Goose Creek
PRM 232.9
Oshetna
River PRM
235.1
Tyone River
PRM 247.3
Jan-6 H H H H H H H H H H H H
Feb-3 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Feb-19 H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Mar-10 H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Mar-25 H H H H H H H H H H H H
Apr-14 H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Apr-23 H H H H H H H H H H H H H
May-20 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Jun-4 H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Jun-23 H H H H H H H H H H H H H H
Tyone River
PRM 247.3
H=Helicopter Survey Reservoir Inundation Zone Full Pool PRM 232.5Deadman
Creek PRM
189.4
Unnamed
Tributary
PRM 194.8
Watana Creek
PRM 196.9
Kosina Creek
PRM 209.1
Jay Creek
PRM 211
Goose Creek
PRM 232.9
Oshetna
River PRM
235.1
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Table 4.4-1. PIT-tagged fish in the Upper Susitna River, 2013-2014.
Lake Troutwhitefish, undifferentiatedimplantrecaptureimplantrecaptureimplantrecaptureimplantrecaptureimplantrecaptureimplantimplantrecaptureimplant2014 FDA, UP Downstream Migrant Trapping 12 1 443 10 22 1 37 31 546 11
2014 FDA, UP Seasonal Sampling 1 542 16 308 13 4 3 55 7 920 29
2014 Upper River Total 13 1 985 26 330 13 4 4 92 38 1,466 40
2013 Upper River Total 22 913 35 31 1 109 2 9 1 98 3 21 1,204 41
Upper River Total 35 1 1,898 61 361 14 113 2 13 0 1 190 3 59 2,670 81implant totalrecapture (PIT array and in-hand) totalburbotDolly Vardenhumpback whitefishround whitefishStudy Component Chinook salmonArctic grayling
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Table 4.4-2. Radio tag allocation by season Upper Susitna River, 2013-2014.
Species
Upper Susitna River
May/June July August Sept Total
Grand
Total
Arctic Grayling 53 (0) 0 (31) 0 (1) 0 (26) 53 (58) 111
Burbot 14 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 19 (7) 33 (7) 40
Dolly Varden 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0
Humpback Whitefish 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0
Lake Trout 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 12 (0) 12 (0) 12
Longnose Sucker 17 (0) 0 (5) 0 (0) 17(5) 34 (10) 44
Northern Pike 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0
Rainbow Trout 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0
Round Whitefish 7 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 16 (18) 23 (18) 41
Format: tags applied in 2014 (tags applied in 2013). No tags were applied in 2015. Tagging
during spawning periods conducted at the discretion of the surgeon as based on fish condition.
Table 4.4-3. Radio tag Upper-Susitna-released resident fish at large, by study month, 2014-2015.
Target Species Jan '14Feb '14Mar '14Apr '14May '14Jun '14Jul '14Aug '14Sep '14Oct '14Nov '14Dec '14Jan '15Feb '15Mar '15Apr '15May '15Jun '15Arctic Grayling 25 23 22 21 17 68 50 43 40 35 31 28 27 23 23 22 20 17
Burbot 5 5 5 4 4 16 14 13 29 25 23 20 20 20 19 19 19 17
Dolly Varden 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Humpback Whitefish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lake Trout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Longnose Sucker 3 3 3 3 3 19 17 15 27 25 22 17 15 15 14 14 13 13
Northern Pike 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rainbow Trout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Round Whitefish 7 6 5 5 4 11 11 10 25 23 19 18 18 17 16 16 16 16
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Table 4.5-1. Summary of size-at-life stage index used to classify Susitna River fish species, 2014.
Species Life stage Source
Juvenile Juvenile-or-adult Adult
Chinook Salmon alevin, fry, parr, smolt index
Chum Salmon alevin, fry, parr, smolt index
Coho Salmon alevin, fry, parr, smolt index
Pink Salmon alevin, fry, parr, smolt index
Sockeye Salmon alevin, fry, parr, smolt index
Alaska Blackfish <42 42–113 >113 Kirsch et al. (2014)
Arctic Grayling <190 190–328 >328 Kirsch et al. (2014)
Arctic Lamprey <125 125-219 >219 Heard 1966; Docker 2009;
Vladykov and Kott 1978
Burbot <280 280–498 >498 Kirsch et al. (2014)
Dolly Varden <83 >83 - Kirsch et al. (2014)
Eulachon <165 >165 HDR and LGL (2014)
Longnose Sucker <188 188–348 >348 Kirsch et al. (2014)
Northern Pike <330 330–448 >448 Kirsch et al. (2014)
Sculpin (slimy) <51 51–68 >68 Kirsch et al. (2014)
Threespine Stickleback <40 40-70 >70 ADFG 1981
Lake Trout <300 300-430 430 Burr 1993
Rainbow Trout <200 200-325 >325 Russell 1977, Adams 1999
Bering Cisco Not Applicable
Whitefish, Humpback <280 280–363 >363 Kirsch et al. (2014)
Whitefish, Round <199 199–318 >318 Kirsch et al. (2014)
Whitefish, Unspecified <199 199-363 >363
Adams, F.J. 1999. Status of rainbow trout in tributaries of the upper King Salmon River, Becharof National Wildlife Refuge,
Alaska, 1990-92. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Fisheries Technical Report Number 53, King Salmon, Alaska.
ADFG. 1981. APA Report 318, Subtask 7.10. Phase 1, Final draft report. Resident fish investigation on the lower Susitna
River. Anchorage, AK. 99503.
Burr, 1993. Maturity of lake trout from eleven lakes in Alaska. Northwest Science, Vol 67, No. 2, 1993.
Delaney, K., D. Crawford, L. Dugan, S. Hale, K Kuntz, B. Marshall, J. Mauney, J. Quinn, K. Roth, P Suchanek, R. Sundet, and
M. Stratton. 1981. Resident Fish Investigation on the Lower Susitna River. Prepared by Alaska Department of Fish and
Game, Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies. Prepared for Alaska Power Authority, Anchorage, AK. 311 pp.
Docker, M. F. 2009. A review of the evolution of nonparasitism in lampreys and an update of the paired species concept.
Pages 71-114 in L. R. Brown, S. D. Chase, M. G. Mesa, R. J. Beamish, and P. B. Moyle, editors. Biology, management, and
conservation of lampreys in North America, American Fisheries Society Symp 72. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
HDR, Inc and LGL. 2014. Eulachon Run Timing, Distribution, and Spawning in the Susitna River. Initial Study Report.
Prepared for Alaska Energy Authority. Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. p-14241).
Heard, W. R. 1966. Observations on lampreys in the Naknek River System of Southwest Alaska.Copeia 1966(2):332-339.
Kirsch, J.M., J.D. Buckwalter, and D.J. Reed. 2014. Fish Inventory and Anadromous Cataloging in the Susitna River,
Matanuska River, and Knik River Basins, 2003 and 2011. ADF&G: Fishery Data Series No 14-04.
Russell, R. 1977. Rainbow trout life history studies, in the lower Talarik Creek-Kvichak Drainage. Alaska Department of Fish
and Game, Completion Report, D-J Study G-II-E, Juneau, AK.
Vladykov, V. D., and E. Kott. 1978. A new nonparasitic species of the holarctic lamprey genus Lethenteron Creaser and
Hubbs, 1922 (Petromyzontidae) from northwestern North America with notes on other species of the same genus. University
of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK.
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Table 4.5-2. Summary of fish with length and weight measurements collected in the Upper Susitna River, 2014.
Study Component Chinook salmonArctic graylingburbotDolly Vardenhumpback whitefishlongnose suckerround whitefishsculpin, undifferentiatedwhitefish, undifferentiatedGrand TotalFDA, UP Downstream Migrant Trapping 16 702 42 5 374 60 31 90 1,320
FDA, UP Seasonal Sampling 4 779 356 5 4 658 187 2,587 12 4,592
2014 Upper River Total 20 1,481 398 5 9 1,032 247 2,618 102 5,912
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Table 4.7-1. Summary of tissue collection for genetic baseline development and species identification, 2014.
Study Component Location Chinook Salmon Total
FDA, UP Downstream Migrant Trapping Oshetna River 3 3
FDA, UP Downstream Migrant Trapping Kosina Creek 10 10
ADF&G Genetics (Study 9.14) Kosina Creek 1 1
FDA, UP Downstream Migrant Trapping PRM 200.3 14 14
FDA, UP Seasonal Sampling PRM 189-206 4 4
FDAL, UP Radio Tagging Catch PRM 203 4 4
Upper River Total 2014 36 36
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Table 5-1. Upper Susitna fish distribution and abundance observations, 2014. Page 1 of 2
lake
trout
fryparrsmoltjuvenileadultjuvenilejuvenile/adultadultcarcassnot recordedjuvenilejuvenile/adultadultnot recordedjuvenile/adultnot recordedjuvenile/adultDeadman Creek FDA-UR6-DEA 189 1 8 48 4 4 2 1
Susitna River FDA-UR6-189-P68-CWP 189 8 46 8 1 1 1
Susitna River FDA-UR6-189-P68-TM 189 2 1 7 11 7 2
Susitna River FDA-UR6-193-P72-CWP 193 1
Susitna River FDA-UR6-193-P72-TM 193
Susitna River FDA-UR6-194-P48-SS 194 14 6
Unnamed Tributary 197.7 FDA-UR6-197.7 197 1 2 3 6 1 1
Susitna River FDA-UR6-197-P51-SS 197 7 12 3 1 1
Susitna River FDA-UR6-200.3-SC 200 31 6 5 3 1 2
Susitna River PRM 200 RST 200 4 11 116 62 8 26
Susitna River FDA-UR6-202-P4-SC 202 1 3 6
Susitna River FDA-UR6-203-P71-CWP 203 9
Susitna River FDA-UR6-203-P71-TM 203 2
Susitna River FDA-UR5-204-P67-CWP 204
Susitna River FDA-UR5-204-P67-TM 204
Unnamed Tributary 204.5 FDA-UR5-204.5 204 3 1
Susitna River FDA-UR5-206-P2-SC 206 1 15 19 1 22 20 4 7 20
Unnamed Tributary 206.3 FDA-UR5-206.3 206
Susitna River FDA-UR4-208-P46-SS 208 17 8 1 2 10
Susitna River FDA-UR4-209.9-MC 209 1 17 1 7 4 4
Susitna River FDA-UR4-209-P50-SS 209 83 24 2 2
Susitna River FDA-UR4-209-P69-CWP 209 13 61 3 8
Susitna River Kosina Fyke-CWP 209 1 1 7 138 6 1 1 13 1 1
Susitna River FDA-UR4-209-P69-TM 209 4 2 1 1 1
Kosina Creek Kosina Fyke-Trib 209 1 1 1
Tsisi Lake TSI Lake1 209 2
Susitna River FDA-UR4-210-P47-SS 210 18 1 8 6
Susitna River FDA-UR4-210-P93-US 210
Susitna River FDA-UR4-211-P99-US 211 6 13
Susitna River FDA-UR4-214-P90-US 214 22
Susitna River FDA-UR4-214-P91-US 214
Susitna River FDA-UR4-214-P94-US 214 8 15
Susitna River FDA-UR4-214-P98-US 214
Susitna River FDA-UR4-215-P6-SC 215 21 3 3 12 1
Susitna River FDA-UR4-216-P49-SS 216 17 3 29 5 5
Susitna River FDA-UR4-219.9-CWP 219 2 3 1
Susitna River FDA-UR4-219.9-MC 219 16 2 23 6 9
Susitna River FDA-UR4-219.9-TM 219
Susitna River FDA-UR4-223-P10-SC 223 36 4 3 3
Susitna River FDA-UR3-231-P1-SC 231 51 2 12 9 6 5
Susitna River FDA-UR3-232-P70-CWP 232 7 9 1 1 10 2
Susitna River FDA-UR3-232-P70-TM 232 4 1
Oshetna River Oshetna RST 235 1 2 219 245 25 2 1 3 1
Black River FDA-BLA-1 235 35 12 1 16 3 2
Black River FDA-BLA-2 235 39 9 1 10 9 1 1
Black River FDA-BLA-3 235 40 29 3 3 8 1
Black River FDA-BLA-4 235 19 7 8 15 1
Black River FDA-BLA-5 235 49 10 21 7 1 3
Black River FDA-BLA-6 235 40 7 16 10 3
Black River FDA-BLA-7 235 35 8 6 13 4
Black River FDA-BLA-9 235 49 7 1 19 9 1 8 2
1 11 23 1 1 1203 622 64 4 146 383 31 3 58 6 1 2 48
Proposed Watana Dam Location PRM 187.1
Proposed Reservoir Inundation Zone at Minimum Pool 222.5
Proposed Reservoir Inundation Zone at Maximum Pool 232.5
Total
burbotChinook salmon
Fish
observation-
species not
available
Dolly
Varden
Project
River
MileSite IDWaterbody
Arctic grayling
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juvenilejuvenile/adultadultcarcassnot recordedjuvenilejuvenile/adultadultjuvenilejuvenile/adultadultnot recordedjuvenilejuvenile/adultadultcarcassnot recordedDeadman Creek FDA-UR6-DEA 189 39 107
Susitna River FDA-UR6-189-P68-CWP 189 20 5 2 92
Susitna River FDA-UR6-189-P68-TM 189 6 2 1 39
Susitna River FDA-UR6-193-P72-CWP 193 1
Susitna River FDA-UR6-193-P72-TM 193 0
Susitna River FDA-UR6-194-P48-SS 194 74 3 80 17 3 1 198
Unnamed Tributary 197.7 FDA-UR6-197.7 197 9 1 60 84
Susitna River FDA-UR6-197-P51-SS 197 153 63 3 1 25 56 1 15 1 342
Susitna River FDA-UR6-200.3-SC 200 37 5 8 3 106 27 4 2 1 3 244
Susitna River PRM 200 RST 200 110 3 1 9 3 1 24 6 2 109 2 497
Susitna River FDA-UR6-202-P4-SC 202 9 1 189 4 1 214
Susitna River FDA-UR6-203-P71-CWP 203 1 19 1 30
Susitna River FDA-UR6-203-P71-TM 203 5 7
Susitna River FDA-UR5-204-P67-CWP 204 16 1 2 19
Susitna River FDA-UR5-204-P67-TM 204 2 2
Unnamed Tributary 204.5 FDA-UR5-204.5 204 1 5
Susitna River FDA-UR5-206-P2-SC 206 2 3 2 103 1 1 10 4 8 2 19 264
Unnamed Tributary 206.3 FDA-UR5-206.3 206 0
Susitna River FDA-UR4-208-P46-SS 208 60 36 1 1 1 1 3 141
Susitna River FDA-UR4-209.9-MC 209 3 1 1 60 23 3 2 2 11 140
Susitna River FDA-UR4-209-P50-SS 209 90 2 1 116 12 1 1 334
Susitna River FDA-UR4-209-P69-CWP 209 107 1 193
Susitna River Kosina Fyke-CWP 209 27 1 11 10 1 220
Susitna River FDA-UR4-209-P69-TM 209 21 30
Kosina Creek Kosina Fyke-Trib 209 3
Tsisi Lake TSI Lake1 209 2
Susitna River FDA-UR4-210-P47-SS 210 183 1 3 70 15 7 312
Susitna River FDA-UR4-210-P93-US 210 0
Susitna River FDA-UR4-211-P99-US 211 17 53 89
Susitna River FDA-UR4-214-P90-US 214 21 43
Susitna River FDA-UR4-214-P91-US 214 0
Susitna River FDA-UR4-214-P94-US 214 102 4 129
Susitna River FDA-UR4-214-P98-US 214 0
Susitna River FDA-UR4-215-P6-SC 215 5 6 41 1 1 94
Susitna River FDA-UR4-216-P49-SS 216 416 26 24 1 526
Susitna River FDA-UR4-219.9-CWP 219 49 55
Susitna River FDA-UR4-219.9-MC 219 5 1 2 36 2 1 1 4 108
Susitna River FDA-UR4-219.9-TM 219 0
Susitna River FDA-UR4-223-P10-SC 223 4 1 11 1 63
Susitna River FDA-UR3-231-P1-SC 231 8 1 30 1 125
Susitna River FDA-UR3-232-P70-CWP 232 1 17 48
Susitna River FDA-UR3-232-P70-TM 232 29 34
Oshetna River Oshetna RST 235 343 23 6 15 1 3 12 9 6 2 919
Black River FDA-BLA-1 235 1 2 492 564
Black River FDA-BLA-2 235 2 413 1 486
Black River FDA-BLA-3 235 1 360 445
Black River FDA-BLA-4 235 217 1 268
Black River FDA-BLA-5 235 1 290 1 383
Black River FDA-BLA-6 235 4 352 432
Black River FDA-BLA-7 235 166 232
Black River FDA-BLA-9 235 4 300 1 1 402
1678 103 10 4 43 35 3995 4 4 1 216 36 24 2 142 17 2 1 40 8965Total
whitefish,
humpbacklongnose sucker
sculpin-
unspecified
salmonid-
unspecified
Proposed Watana Dam Location PRM 187.1
Proposed Reservoir Inundation Zone at Minimum Pool 222.5
Proposed Reservoir Inundation Zone at Maximum Pool 232.5
Waterbody Site ID
Project
River
Mile
whitefish, round whitefish-unspecified
Total
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Table 5-2. Fish Distribution in the Upper Susitna River 2012--2014 and select historical records.
Location Poject River MileDrainage Basin Size (km2)Chinook salmon (juvenile)Arctic graylingBurbotDolly VardenLake troutLongnose suckerSculpinWhitefish, humpbackWhitefish, roundWhitefish, unspecifiedSusita River Devils Canyon to Watana Dam 2013 166.1-187.1 X X X X X X X X
Susitna River UR-6 187.1-203.4 X X X ◊◊X X X X ◊
Susitna River UR-5 203.4-208.1 ◊X X X X ◊X ◊
Susitna River UR-4 208.1-224.9 ◊X X X X ◊X ◊
Susitna River UR-3 224.9-234.5 X X X X X
Susitna River above Oshetna >234.5 X
Aerial Mainstem - Dam site to Oshetna N/A X X
Deadman Creek 189.4 453.5 ◊X, ◊, ◊, X
Unnamed Tributary 194.8 194.8 321.2 X X X
Watana Creek 196.9 452.7 X, O X, O ◊X, X, O X, O
Watana Creek Tributary: Unnamed L1 N/A X X
Watana Creek Tributary: Unnamed L3 N/A X
Watana Creek Tributary: Unnamed R3 N/A X X
Watana Creek Tributary: Unnamed R5 N/A X X X X
Unnamed Tributary 197.7 197.7 <80.3 ◊X ◊◊X
Unnamed Tributary 198.4 198.4 X
Unnamed Tributary 203.4 203.4 X X
Unnamed Tributary 204.5 ◊
Unnamed Tributary 206.3 206.3 <80.3 X
Kosina Creek 209.1 1036.5 X, O X X, X, O X, X, O X, O X X
Kosina Creek Tributary: Tsisi Creek N/A X X X X
Kosina Creek Tributary: Gilbert Creek N/A X X, O
Kosina Creek Tributary: Unnamed N/A X
Jay Creek 211 106.1 X, O X, X, X
Goose Creek 232.8 269.1 X, O X X, O X
Oshetna River 235.1 1424.5 X, O X, O X X X X X X
Oshetna River Tributary: Black River N/A X X X, O X, O X, O X, O
Tyone River 247.3 X
Clearwater Creek 266.6 X
Deadman Basin Lake: Deadman Lake N/A X,
Deadman Basin Lake: Unnamed Lake N/A X
Watana Basin Lake: Sally Lake 196.9 X, X, X,
Kosina Basin Lake: Tsisi Lake N/A X ◊
X: Fish Distribution and Abudance 2012-2013 ◊: Fish Distribution and Abudance 2014
: ADF&G 1981, 1983a, 1984
O: Buckwalter 2011
Watana Reservoir at Full Pool PRM 232.5
Proposed Watana Dam Location PRM 187.1
Location Poject River MileDrainage Basin Size (km2)Chinook salmon (juvenile)Arctic graylingBurbotDolly VardenLake troutLongnose suckerSculpinWhitefish, humpbackWhitefish, roundWhitefish, unspecifiedSusita River Devils Canyon to Watana Dam 2013 166.1-187.1 X X X X X X X X
Susitna River UR-6 187.1-203.4 X X X ◊◊X X X X ◊
Susitna River UR-5 203.4-208.1 ◊X X X X ◊X ◊
Susitna River UR-4 208.1-224.9 ◊X X X X ◊X ◊
Susitna River UR-3 224.9-234.5 X X X X X
Susitna River above Oshetna >234.5 X
Aerial Mainstem - Dam site to Oshetna N/A X X
Deadman Creek 189.4 453.5 ◊X, ◊, ◊, X
Unnamed Tributary 194.8 194.8 321.2 X X X
Watana Creek 196.9 452.7 X, O X, O ◊X, X, O X, O
Watana Creek Tributary: Unnamed L1 N/A X X
Watana Creek Tributary: Unnamed L3 N/A X
Watana Creek Tributary: Unnamed R3 N/A X X
Watana Creek Tributary: Unnamed R5 N/A X X X X
Unnamed Tributary 197.7 197.7 <80.3 ◊X ◊◊X
Unnamed Tributary 198.4 198.4 X
Unnamed Tributary 203.4 203.4 X X
Unnamed Tributary 204.5 ◊
Unnamed Tributary 206.3 206.3 <80.3 X
Kosina Creek 209.1 1036.5 X, O X X, X, O X, X, O X, O X X
Kosina Creek Tributary: Tsisi Creek N/A X X X X
Kosina Creek Tributary: Gilbert Creek N/A X X, O
Kosina Creek Tributary: Unnamed N/A X
Jay Creek 211 106.1 X, O X, X, X
Goose Creek 232.8 269.1 X, O X X, O X
Oshetna River 235.1 1424.5 X, O X, O X X X X X X
Oshetna River Tributary: Black River N/A X X X, O X, O X, O X, O
Tyone River 247.3 X
Clearwater Creek 266.6 X
Deadman Basin Lake: Deadman Lake N/A X,
Deadman Basin Lake: Unnamed Lake N/A X
Watana Basin Lake: Sally Lake 196.9 X, X, X,
Kosina Basin Lake: Tsisi Lake N/A X ◊
X: Fish Distribution and Abudance 2012-2013 ◊: Fish Distribution and Abudance 2014
: ADF&G 1981, 1983a, 1984
O: Buckwalter 2011
Watana Reservoir at Full Pool PRM 232.5
Proposed Watana Dam Location PRM 187.1
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Table 5-3. Upper Susitna River fish observations by gear type, 2014.
Gear Type Chinook SalmonArctic GraylingBurbotDolly VardenFish, No Species RecordedLake TroutLongnose SuckerSalmonidSculpinWhitefish, HumpbackWhitefish, RoundWhitefish, UndifferentiatedGrand TotalAngle 60 2 62
Backpack Electrofish 2 434 235 2 757 2,569 104 16 4,119
Boat Electrofish 36 2 3 2 22 65
Dip Net 1 1 1 3
Fyke Net- Kosina 11 146 15 1 28 11 10 1 223
Fyke Net- FDA 192 72 210 227 25 4 730
Gill Net, Drift 0
Hoop Trap 14 11 8 6 1 2 42
Minnow Trap 1 6 37 1 31 121 2 199
Rotary Screw Trap 18 679 30 485 24 5 56 119 1,416
Seine 60 4 138 20 2 45 8 277
Snorkel 2 216 4 3 6 80 1 20 10 7 349
Visual Observation 2 195 65 1 41 98 33 997 3 45 1,480
Grand Total 37 2,039 476 7 48 2 1,838 34 3,995 9 278 202 8,965
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Table 5-4. Summary of results for juvenile Chinook Salmon samples collected for genetic baseline development and
species identification, 2013-2014.
Year
Hydrologic Segment Upper River
Species Chinook Salmon
# Samples # Extracted
Field
Identification
(% Correct)
2013 192 192 100%
2014 36 36 100%
Total 228 228 100%
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10. FIGURES
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Figure 3-1. Upper Susitna River fish distribution and abundance study area.
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Figure 4-1. Locations of 13 tributaries upstream of the proposed Watana Dam location selected for sampling up to the 3,000 ft contour.
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Figure 4.2-1. Downstream migrant trapping operation schedule for rotary screw traps at Oshetna River RM 0.1, Susitna
River at PRM 200.3, and Kosina Creek fyke netting, 2014. Yellow boxes indicate trap operation days.
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Figure 5-1. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution by survey year in the Upper Susitna River, 2003-
2014(Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1).
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Figure 6-1. Juvenile Chinook Salmon distribution in the Upper Susitna River, 2003-2014 (Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014;Table 5-1).
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Figure 6-2. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution in the Upper Susitna River, 2003-2014 (Buckwalter
2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1).
Figure 6-3. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution by season Upper Susitna River, 2003-2014
(Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1).
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Figure 6-4. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution by location Upper Susitna River, 2003-2014
(Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1).
Figure 6-5. Juvenile Chinook Salmon length-frequency distribution season for fish collect in tributary mouths or the
mainstem Upper Susitna River, 2003-2014 (Buckwalter 2011; AEA 2014A; Kirsch et al 2014; Table 5-1).
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APPENDIX A: 2014 SAMPLING SITE MAPS
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TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure A1. Seasonal GRTS and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling locations
PRM 187-193 and tributary direct sampling locations for Deadman Creek, 2014. ....................... 1
Figure A2. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling
locations PRM 192-201, downstream migrant trap location at PRM 200.3, and tributary direct
sampling locations for Unnamed Tributary 197.7, 2014. ............................................................... 2
Figure A3. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling
locations PRM 202-209, Kosina Creek fyke net location, and tributary direct sampling locations
for Unnamed Tributaries 204.5 and 206.3, 2014. ........................................................................... 3
Figure A4. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling
locations PRM 209-215, 2014. ....................................................................................................... 4
Figure A5. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling
locations PRM 216-224, 2014. ....................................................................................................... 5
Figure A6. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling
locations and Oshetna River downstream migrant trap location PRM 231-235, 2014. ................. 6
Figure A7. Seasonal GRTS, sampling locations Black River, 2014. ............................................. 7
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Figure A1. Seasonal GRTS and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling locations PRM 187-193 and tributary direct sampling locations for Deadman
Creek, 2014.
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Figure A2. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling locations PRM 192-201, downstream migrant trap location at PRM
200.3, and tributary direct sampling locations for Unnamed Tributary 197.7, 2014.
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Figure A3. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling locations PRM 202-209, Kosina Creek fyke net location, and tributary
direct sampling locations for Unnamed Tributaries 204.5 and 206.3, 2014.
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Figure A4. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling locations PRM 209-215, 2014.
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Figure A5. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling locations PRM 216-224, 2014.
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Figure A6. Seasonal GRTS, transect, and opportunistic fish distribution and abundance sampling locations and Oshetna River downstream migrant trap location PRM
231-235, 2014.
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Figure A7. Seasonal GRTS, sampling locations Black River, 2014.