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Susitna‐Watana Hydroelectric Project Document
ARLIS Uniform Cover Page
Title:
Moose distribution, abundance, movements, productivity, and survival,
Study plan Section 10.5, 2014-2015 Study Implementation Report SuWa 289
Author(s) – Personal:
Author(s) – Corporate:
Department of Fish and Game, [Office in] Palmer, Alaska
AEA‐identified category, if specified:
November 2015; Study Completion and 2014/2015 Implementation Reports
AEA‐identified series, if specified:
Series (ARLIS‐assigned report number):
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project document number 289
Existing numbers on document:
Published by:
[Anchorage : Alaska Energy Authority, 2015]
Date published:
November 2015
Published for:
Alaska Energy Authority
Date or date range of report:
Volume and/or Part numbers:
Study plan Section 10.5
Final or Draft status, as indicated:
Document type:
Pagination:
iii, 11 pages
Related works(s):
Pages added/changed by ARLIS:
Notes:
All reports in the Susitna‐Watana Hydroelectric Project Document series include an ARLIS‐
produced cover page and an ARLIS‐assigned number for uniformity and citability. All reports
are posted online at http://www.arlis.org/resources/susitna‐watana/
Susitna–Watana Hydroelectric Project
(FERC No. 14241)
Moose Distribution, Abundance, Movements,
Productivity, and Survival
Study Plan Section 10.5
2014–2015 Study Implementation Report
Prepared for
Alaska Energy Authority
Prepared by
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Palmer, Alaska
November 2015
STUDY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT MOOSE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, MOVEMENTS,
PRODUCTIVITY, AND SURVIVAL (STUDY 10.5)
Susitna–Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page i November 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1
2. Study Objectives................................................................................................................ 1
3. Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 2
3.1. Study Area Variances ............................................................................................. 2
4. Methods and Variances in 2014–2015 ............................................................................. 2
4.1. Moose Distribution, Movements, Productivity, and Survival ................................ 3
4.1.1. Variances ......................................................................................... 3
4.2. Population Monitoring ............................................................................................ 4
4.2.1. Variances ......................................................................................... 4
4.3. Moose Browse Survey and Habitat Assessment ..................................................... 5
4.3.1. Variances ......................................................................................... 5
5. Results ................................................................................................................................ 5
5.1. Moose Distribution, Movements, Productivity, and Survival ................................ 5
5.2. Population Monitoring ............................................................................................ 6
6. Discussion........................................................................................................................... 6
7. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 7
7.1. Modifications to Study Plan.................................................................................... 7
8. Literature Cited ................................................................................................................ 7
9. Tables ................................................................................................................................. 9
10. Figures .............................................................................................................................. 10
STUDY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT MOOSE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, MOVEMENTS,
PRODUCTIVITY, AND SURVIVAL (STUDY 10.5)
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page ii November 2015
LIST OF TABLES
Table 5-1. Server Location and File Name for the Moose Data. .................................................... 9
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3-1. Moose Study Area. ..................................................................................................... 11
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LIST OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND DEFINITIONS
Abbreviation Definition
AEA Alaska Energy Authority
ADF&G Alaska Department of Fish and Game
CA count area
CAG current annual growth
CIRWG Cook Inlet Regional Working Group
DFG Department of Fish and Game
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
GMU Game Management Unit
GPS Global Positioning System
GSPE GeoSpatial Population Estimator
ILP Integrated Licensing Process
ISR Initial Study Report
LZ landing zone
PM&E Protection, Mitigation, and Enhancement
PRM Project River Mile
Project Susitna–Watana Hydroelectric Project
RSP Revised Study Plan
SCF Sightability Correction Factor
SPD Study Plan Determination
VHF Very High Frequency
STUDY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT MOOSE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, MOVEMENTS,
PRODUCTIVITY, AND SURVIVAL (STUDY 10.5)
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page 1 November 2015
1. INTRODUCTION
The Moose Distribution, Abundance, Movements, Productivity, and Survival Study (Moose
Study), Section 10.5 of the Revised Study Plan (RSP) approved by the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission (FERC) for the Susitna–Watana Hydroelectric Project, FERC Project
No. 14241, focuses on characterizing moose distribution, movements, population size,
productivity, and habitat use in the study area through a combination of radio telemetry and
geospatial analyses.
A summary of the development of this study, together with the Alaska Energy Authority’s
(AEA) implementation of it through the 2013 study season, appears in Part A of the Initial Study
Report (ISR) filed with FERC in June 2014 (ADF&G 2014a). As required under FERC’s
regulations for the Integrated Licensing Process (ILP), the ISR describes AEA’s “overall
progress in implementing the study plan and schedule and the data collected, including an
explanation of any variance from the study plan and schedule” (18 CFR 5.15(c)(1)).
Since filing the ISR in June 2014, AEA has continued to implement the FERC-approved plan for
the Moose Study. For example:
On October 21, 2014, AEA held an ISR meeting for the Moose Study, along with
meetings for each of the other wildlife studies.
The GPS collars deployed in October 2012 dropped off and were retrieved by the
study team in November 2014.
Additional GPS collars were deployed in the area downstream of the proposed
Watana Dam site in April 2015.
The study team located all VHF-collared moose regularly during monthly telemetry
flights. The study team conducted aerial surveys daily during calving and twice a
month during fall in 2014 and 2015.
An additional late-winter population survey of the proposed reservoir inundation zone
was conducted in March 2015.
In furtherance of the next round of ISR meetings and FERC’s Study Plan Determination (SPD)
expected in 2016, this report describes AEA’s overall progress in implementing the Moose Study
during calendar years 2014 and 2015. Rather than a comprehensive reporting of all field work,
data collection, and data analysis since the beginning of AEA’s study program, this report is
intended to supplement and update the information presented in Part A of the ISR for the Moose
Study through the end of calendar year 2014 and thus far in 2015. It describes the methods and
results of the 2014–2015 effort and includes a discussion of the results obtained.
2. STUDY OBJECTIVES
The goal of the study is to obtain sufficient population information and use of the study area to
evaluate the potential effects of the Project on moose.
The study objectives are established in RSP Section 10.5.1:
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Document the moose population and composition in the study area.
Assess the relative importance of the habitat in the inundation zone, proposed
access/transmission corridors, and the riparian area below the Project.
Document the productivity and calf survival of moose using the study area.
Document the level of late winter use of adults and calves in the proposed inundation
area.
Document moose browse utilization in and adjacent to the inundation zone and the
riparian area below the Project.
Document the amount of potentially available habitat for improvement through crushing,
prescribed burning, or other habitat enhancement.
Analyze and synthesize data from historical and current studies of moose as a
continuation of the 2012 big-game distribution and movements study (Prichard et al.
2013).
3. STUDY AREA
As established by RSP Section 10.5.3, the study area includes the majority of Game
Management Unit (GMU) 13E east of the Parks Highway and the Alaska Railroad and from the
Denali Highway south to upper Chunilna Creek (Figure 3-1). The study area also includes a
small portion of northwestern GMU 13A, from Kosina Creek east to the Oshetna River drainage.
The study area encompasses the proposed reservoir inundation zone, access and transmission
corridors, and associated Project infrastructure.
As described in the ISR Overview (Section 1.4) filed in June 2014 and subsequently the
Proposal to Eliminate the Chulitna Corridor from Further Study filed with FERC on September
17, 2014, AEA explained that it had decided to pursue the study of an additional alternative
north-south corridor alignment for transmission and access from the dam site to the Denali
Highway, referred to as the “Denali East Corridor Option,” and to eliminate the Chulitna
Corridor from further study. This change to the study area did not impact this study because the
study area for moose distribution, movements, productivity, and survival already included all
current corridor options and late-winter population surveys are only conducted in the proposed
reservoir inundation zone and along the Susitna River downstream from the inundation zone.
3.1. Study Area Variances
In 2015, the Study Area was expanded to include capturing and collaring moose along the
Susitna River from the proposed dam site downstream to the confluence with Chulitna and
Talkeetna rivers, as shown in Figure 3-1.
4. METHODS AND VARIANCES IN 2014–2015
The study team implemented the methods described in the Study Plan with the exception of the
variances described in Sections 4.1.1 and 4.3.1 below.
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4.1. Moose Distribution, Movements, Productivity, and Survival
To delineate moose movements in the Project area and to evaluate productivity and survival, the
study team equipped cow and bull moose with 40 satellite-linked Global Positioning System
(GPS) collars and 60 Very High Frequency (VHF) collars in October 2012 and March 2013,
respectively, as described in ISR 10.5, Part A, Section 4.1 (ADF&G 2014a). The study team
deployed 60 percent of the collars on cows because they represent the reproductive portion of the
herd. The GPS collars deployed in October 2012 dropped off (released automatically, as
programmed) and were retrieved in November 2014.
As described in Section 4.1.1 below, AEA implemented a variance to the Study Plan in 2015 in
response to comments received during the October 2014 ISR meeting. The concern expressed in
that meeting was that post-Project changes in river flow levels and ice scour might affect
regeneration of woody browse species for moose, such as willows, along the river downstream of
the Project. An additional 20 GPS collars were deployed on 13 cows and 7 bulls during April 3–
5, 2015, to sample the distribution and movements of both sexes in the riparian area downstream
of the proposed Watana Dam site. Habitat-use information from the GPS collars deployed in the
downstream area and data from the late-winter downstream population survey will be combined
with the Riparian Instream Flow (Study 8.6) modeling of potential changes in flow regimes, ice
processes, and sediment and the effects on vegetation. This synthesis will allow the study team to
better assess the relative importance of habitats downstream and the potential impacts on moose
due to potential future changes in river flow and ice scouring.
The study team conducted aerial radio-tracking (telemetry) surveys in fixed-wing aircraft
monthly—except for December, January, February, and April, a Study Plan modification
described in ISR 10.5, Part C, Section 7.1.2 (ADF&G 2014b) and below as a variance under
Section 4.1.1—to document the distribution of radio-collared moose in the study area. During the
spring calving and fall seasons, the study team conducted aerial surveys weekly to document
more frequently the distribution of moose in the study area. Additionally, to document
productivity and associated calf loss more accurately, the study team conducted twinning surveys
daily during calving. The study team used small fixed-wing airplanes (Piper PA-18 “Super Cub”)
for these radio-tracking flights. The study team documented location, date, reproduction, and
survival status for moose located during each flight.
Moose locations are regularly obtained from GPS collars via a satellite data link using the Argos
Data Collection System and locations are provided to the study team monthly on a compact disc
from Telonics.
Data collection and analysis will continue during the next study season.
4.1.1. Variances
A Study Plan modification described in Study 10.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2 (ADF&G 2014b)
and presented at the October 2014 ISR meeting was instituted as a variance in winter 2014–
2015: the study team ceased monthly radio-tracking flights of VHF-collared moose in the winter
months of December, January, February, and April. Because little movement typically occurs
during those months, monitoring was deemed unnecessary to meet the study objectives of
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obtaining sufficient information on the moose population and use of the study area to evaluate
the potential effects of the Project on moose.
After the ISR was filed in June 2014, the duration of the study (RSP Section 10.5.6) was
extended through 2014 and into 2015 to continue collecting telemetry data from active VHF and
satellite-linked GPS collars deployed in the study area, thereby maximizing the amount of
telemetry data obtained for use in addressing the study objectives.
During the October 2014 ISR meeting, a licensing participant expressed concern about the study
team’s ability to assess the relative importance of habitats downstream from the proposed Project
facilities. The study team addressed this concern by deploying an additional 20 GPS collars on
moose in that area in April 2015. These collars were deployed on moose captured along the
Susitna River floodplain from the proposed Watana Dam site downstream to the southern end of
Denali State Park (Figure 3-1). The location and movement data from these collared moose will
be used to assess the relative importance of habitats in the riparian area below the proposed
Project facilities, as well as documenting the productivity and calf survival of moose below the
proposed dam site. The study team will gain insight into the relative level of use of the riparian
areas immediately adjacent to the downstream sections of river below the proposed dam site,
which will help to fulfill the fifth objective of the Study Plan.
4.2. Population Monitoring
As described in RSP Section 10.5.4.2, the study team employed three survey techniques to
evaluate moose populations, one of which was designed to assess winter use of the proposed
reservoir inundation zone. As reported in Section 4.2 of Study 10.5 ISR Part A (ADF&G 2014a),
aerial surveys of the moose population using the reservoir inundation zone were completed in
March 2012 and March 2013, as described in RSP Section 10.5.4.2, but not in 2014. Although
not required as part of the FERC-approved Study Plan, AEA conducted a third survey of the
proposed reservoir inundation zone in late March 2015, as described in Section 4.2.1 below. In
addition to the inundation zone, the survey conducted in late March 2015 extended downstream
of the proposed Watana Dam site to the confluence of the Susitna, Chulitna, and Talkeetna rivers
(PRM 102.4), as shown in Figure 3-1 and described in Section 4.2.1 below.
The study team used conventional survey methods pertaining to optimal snow conditions,
daylight, flight patterns, and other factors (Ballard and Whitman 1988) for all population surveys
to maximize survey precision, maintain consistency among surveys, and facilitate comparisons
with existing data sets. Due to the seasonal absence of antlers, it was not possible to distinguish
bulls from cows during the late-winter population surveys, but the study team recorded numbers
of calves and adults. Population estimates will be corrected for sightability using data from
intensive surveys (Gasaway et al. 1986).
4.2.1. Variances
An additional late-winter survey of the proposed reservoir inundation zone was conducted in late
March 2015 to supplement the data acquired during the 2012 and 2013 late-winter surveys in
that area. Although those two surveys were adequate to fulfill the fourth objective of the Study
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page 5 November 2015
Plan, the additional survey in 2015 was added to provide another year of data to better
characterize the preconstruction use of the inundation zone by moose and meet the objective.
In addition, during the October 2014 ISR meeting, some licensing participants expressed concern
about the study’s ability to assess the potential future impacts of altered river flow and ice
scouring on moose in the area downstream from the proposed Watana dam. The study team
addressed this concern by conducting a late-winter population survey along the Susitna River
from the proposed dam site to the confluence of the Susitna, Chulitna, and Talkeetna rivers
(PRM 102.4) to document the level of late winter use of adults and calves in this area (Figure 3-
1). When combined with predictive models of future river flow and ice scour, this information
will assist the study team in assessing potential changes in habitat conditions and allow the
development of PM&E measures.
4.3. Moose Browse Survey and Habitat Assessment
No work was performed on this task in 2014 or 2015. The results of work performed on this task
in 2013 were reported in Section 4.3 of Study 10.5 ISR Part A (ADF&G 2014a).
4.3.1. Variances
In Section 7 of Study 10.5 ISR Part C (ADF&G 2014b), AEA proposed to conduct the second
year of the moose browse survey and habitat assessment in 2015. That effort was later postponed
until late winter 2016, however. The same methods used in 2013, the first year of work, as
described in Section 4.3 of Study 10.5 ISR Part A (ADF&G 2014a), will be used in the second
year of the browse survey.
5. RESULTS
Because animal location data collected during ADF&G population surveys are restricted under
Alaska State Statute (AS 16.05.815(d)), the coordinates of moose locations from the ISR
(ADF&G 2014a, Section 5.1) or for this report are not included in the data posted on the Project
website. Data developed in support of this study are available at: http://gis.suhydro.org/SIR/10-
Wildlife/10.5-Moose/. See Table 5-1 for details.
5.1. Moose Distribution, Movements, Productivity, and Survival
Thirty of the GPS collars deployed in October 2012 were retrieved in November 2014 to
download the full data stored in the collars. The remaining 10 collars were returned by hunters (7
collars) during the hunting season or were not retrievable (3 collars). In April 2015, the study
team deployed 20 GPS collars on 13 cows and 7 bulls in the riparian area of the study area
downstream from the proposed Watana Dam site.
The study team located all VHF-collared moose regularly during monthly telemetry flights,
except for December, January, February, and April (see Study 10.5 ISR Part C, Section 7.1.2
[ADF&G 2014b]). The study team conducted aerial surveys daily during calving and twice a
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page 6 November 2015
month during fall in 2014 and 2015. From October 2014 through October 2015, a total of 2,921
locations of 107 collared moose were obtained.
5.2. Population Monitoring
The study team conducted all moose surveys under suitable conditions, considering snow cover,
wind, daylight, and precipitation. The study team counted 427 moose during late-winter surveys
of the proposed reservoir inundation zone (Figure 3-1) in both March 2012 and March 2013, as
reported in Sections 4.2 and 5.2 of Study 10.5 ISR Part A (ADF&G 2014a). Of the 40 sample
units surveyed, the study team randomly selected 10 each year for intensive surveys, which will
be used to develop a sightability correction factor (SCF; Gasaway et al. 1986).
The study team counted 280 moose during a late-winter population survey of the proposed
reservoir inundation zone during March 23–25, 2015, and 137 moose during a late-winter survey
of the downstream portion of the study area during March 20–23, 2015. The study team
randomly selected 10 sample units from each survey area for intensive surveys, which will be
used to develop an SCF (Gasaway et al. 1986).
The study team surveyed 205 sample units and counted 1,283 moose in over 100 survey hours
during the GSPE survey in November 2013, as reported in Sections 4.2 and 5.2 of Study 10.5
ISR Part A (ADF&G 2014a). The study team conducted the survey using seven pilot/observer
teams. Of the 633 sample units in the study area, the study team assigned 319 to the high -density
stratum and 314 to the low-density stratum (Figure 3-1). The study team will calculate an SCF
for the population estimate using the proportion of collared moose seen by pilot/observer teams.
The study team conducted traditional aerial trend-count surveys in CA 7 and CA 14 (Figure 3-1)
in November 2012 and November 2013, as reported in Sections 4.2 and 5.2 of Study 10.5 ISR
Part A (ADF&G 2014a).
6. DISCUSSION
Monitoring of the distribution, productivity, and survival of moose in the study area is continuing
through tracking of the VHF- and GPS-collared moose currently alive in the study area.
Evaluation of the moose population and composition in the study area is also ongoing. The
surveys completed thus far include late-winter inundation surveys in March 2012, 2013, and
2015; a late-winter downstream survey in March 2015; a GSPE survey in November 2013; and
aerial trend-count surveys in November 2012 and November 2013. Estimation of moose browse
utilization in the study area is in progress via browse surveys in the study area, the first of which
was conducted March–April 2013, and the second of which is planned for late winter 2016.
Habitat use information from the GPS collars deployed in the downstream area and data from the
late-winter downstream survey will be combined with the Riparian Instream Flow (Study 8.6)
modeling of potential changes in flow regimes, ice processes, and sediment and the effects on
vegetation. This synthesis will allow the study team to better assess the relative importance of
habitat downstream and the potential impacts on moose due to potential future changes in river
flow and ice scouring.
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page 7 November 2015
The study team anticipates that the data collected 2012 through 2015, combined with the data to
be collected in the next study season, will be adequate to meet the study objectives outlined in
RSP Section 10.5.1.
7. CONCLUSION
Continued implementation of the Moose Distribution, Abundance, Movements, Productivity, and
Survival Study is planned for 2015 and 2016, with a late-winter downstream survey and fine-
scale browse survey scheduled to occur in March–April 2016. This study is interrelated with
Study 10.19, Evaluation of Wildlife Habitat Use. AEA expects the approved Study Plan
objectives for both this study and Study 10.19 will be fully achieved with the Study Plan
modifications described below in Section 7.1, in combination with the results of the efforts
already completed in 2013 and 2014.
7.1. Modifications to Study Plan
RSP Section 10.5.6 indicated that telemetry surveys would continue through the life of the radio
collars, (approximately 2016). Radio collars were to be tracked every two weeks during May 10–
June 15 in 2013 and 2014, including daily monitoring during calving (May15–31) each year.
Radio collars were also to be tracked weekly during September 1–20 in 2013 and 2014. The RSP
indicated that any remaining GPS collars would be retrieved in March 2015.
Telemetry surveys and monitoring of GPS-collared moose, including those collared in the
downstream portion of the study area in April 2015, are now planned to continue through March
2016 to gather data to use in meeting the Study Plan objectives. As indicated in Section 7.1.2 of
Study 10.5 ISR Part C (ADF&G 2014b), the study team will continue to forego monthly radio-
tracking flights of VHF-collared moose in the winter months of December, January, February,
and April. Because little movement occurs during those months, monitoring then is unnecessary
to meet the study objectives of obtaining sufficient information of moose population and use of
the study area to evaluate the potential effects of the Project on moose.
Another late-winter population survey will be conducted in the downstream survey area in
March 2016 to supplement the data obtained in the March 2015 survey described above under
Section 4.2. A fine-scale browse assessment in the proposed reservoir inundation zone (including
CIRWG lands), downstream areas, and transmission corridors will be completed in late winter
(March–April) 2016, as described above under Section 4.3.1.
8. LITERATURE CITED
ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game). 2014a. Moose Distribution, Abundance,
Movements, Productivity, and Survival Study Plan Section 10.5; Initial Study Report,
Part A: Sections 1–6, 8–10. Report for Alaska Energy Authority, Anchorage, by
ADF&G, Palmer, and ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research & Services, Fairbanks.
15 pp.
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FERC Project No. 14241 Page 8 November 2015
ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game). 2014b. Moose Distribution, Abundance,
Movements, Productivity, and Survival Study Plan Section 10.5; Initial Study Report,
Part C: Executive Summary and Section 7. Report for Alaska Energy Authority,
Anchorage, by ADF&G, Palmer, and ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research & Services,
Fairbanks. 2 pp.
Ballard, W. B., and J. S. Whitman. 1988. Susitna Hydroelectric Project, Final report, Big game
studies, Vol. II—Moose Upstream. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 150 pp.
Ducks Unlimited. 2000. Stony River Military Operations Area earth cover classification: User’s
guide. Unpublished report, Ducks Unlimited Inc., Rancho Cordova, CA.
Kellie, K. A., and R. A. Delong. 2006. Geospatial survey operations manual. Alaska Department of
Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Fairbanks. 55 pp.
Gasaway, W. C., S. D. DuBois, D. J. Reed, and S. J. Harbo. 1986. Estimating moose population
parameters from aerial surveys. Biological Papers of the University of Alaska, No. 22,
Fairbanks. 108 pp.
Modafferi, R. D. 1987. Susitna Hydroelectric Project, Final report, Big game studies, Vol. I—Moose
downstream. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage. 181 pp.
Paragi, T. F., C. T. Seaton, and K. A. Kellie. 2008. Identifying and evaluating techniques for wildlife
habitat management in interior Alaska: moose range assessment. Final research technical
report, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Grants W-33-4 through W-33-7, Project 5.10.
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Juneau. 76 pp.
Paragi, T., K. K. Seaton, and B. Taras. 2012. Unit 21E moose population estimate with
sightability correction. Unpublished internal Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Memo. Federal Aid Project 1.69.
Prichard, A. K., N. A. Schwab, and B. E. Lawhead. 2013. Big game movement and habitat use
study. Susitna–Watana Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 14241), 2012 Technical
Memorandum prepared for Alaska Energy Authority, Anchorage, by ABR, Inc.—
Environmental Research & Services, Fairbanks. Available online: http://www.susitna-
watanahydro.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/SuWa-2012-BigGameMovements-
HabitatUse_Tech-Memo.pdf (accessed October 2015).
Seaman, D. E., and R. A. Powell. 1996. An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators
for home range analysis. Ecology 77: 2,075–2,085.
Seaton, C. T. 2002. Winter foraging ecology of moose in the Tanana Flats and Alaska Range
foothills. M.S. thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks. 101 pp.
Seaton, C. T, T. F. Paragi, R. D. Boertje, K. Kielland, S. DuBois, and C. L. Fleener. 2011.
Browse biomass removal and nutritional condition of Alaska moose Alces alces. Wildlife
Biology 17: 55–66.
Ver Hoef, J. M. 2002. Sampling and geostatistics for spatial data. Ecoscience 9: 152–161.
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PRODUCTIVITY, AND SURVIVAL (STUDY 10.5)
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9. TABLES
Table 5-1. Server Location and File Name for the Moose Data.
Server Pathway or File/Folder Name Description
/http://gis.suhydro.org/SIR/10-Wildlife/10.5-Moose
Pathway to data files
MOOS_10_05_Data_2012_2015_ADFG.gdb
Geodatabase file containing spatial layers of the moose study
area, the moose upstream late-winter survey area, the moose
downstream survey area, and the continuous moose count areas.
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10. FIGURES
STUDY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT MOOSE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, MOVEMENTS, PRODUCTIVITY, AND SURVIVAL STUDY (STUDY 10.5)
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Alaska Energy Authority
FERC Project No. 14241 Page 11 November2015
Figure 3-1. Moose Study Area.