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Susitna‐Watana Hydroelectric Project Document
ARLIS Uniform Cover Page
Title:
Health impact assessment study, Study plan Section 15.8, 2014-2015
Study Implementation Report SuWa 289
Author(s) – Personal:
Author(s) – Corporate:
NewFields ; Alaska Department of Health and Social Services
AEA‐identified category, if specified:
November 2015; Study Completion and 2014/2015 Implementation Reports
AEA‐identified series, if specified:
Series (ARLIS‐assigned report number):
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project document number 289
Existing numbers on document:
Published by:
[Anchorage : Alaska Energy Authority, 2015]
Date published:
November 2015
Published for:
Alaska Energy Authority
Date or date range of report:
Volume and/or Part numbers:
Study plan Section 15.8
Final or Draft status, as indicated:
Document type:
Pagination:
ii, 11 pages
Related works(s):
Pages added/changed by ARLIS:
Notes:
All reports in the Susitna‐Watana Hydroelectric Project Document series include an ARLIS‐
produced cover page and an ARLIS‐assigned number for uniformity and citability. All reports
are posted online at http://www.arlis.org/resources/susitna‐watana/
Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project
(FERC No. 14241)
Health Impact Assessment Study
Study Plan Section 15.8
2014-2015 Study Implementation Report
Prepared for
Alaska Energy Authority
Prepared by
NewFields and
Alaska Department of Health and Social Services
November 2015
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1
2. Study Objectives................................................................................................................ 1
3. Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 2
4. Methods and Variances .................................................................................................... 3
4.1. Modifications Identified in ISR ........................................................................ 3
4.2. Modifications Identified since the June 2014 ISR ............................................ 3
5. Results ................................................................................................................................ 4
6. Discussion........................................................................................................................... 4
6.1. Data Gaps and Needs ........................................................................................ 5
7. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 7
8. Literature Cited ................................................................................................................ 8
9. Tables ................................................................................................................................. 9
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 6-1 Project Description Elements Needed for the HIA ........................................................ 9
Table 6-2 Subsistence Survey Communities ................................................................................ 10
LIST OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND DEFINITIONS
Abbreviation Definition
ADF&G State of Alaska, Department of Fish and Game
ADHSS Alaska Department of Health and Social Services
AEA Alaska Energy Authority
ATR Alaska Trauma Registry
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CHA Community Health Aide
CRNA Copper River Native Association
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
HHS Household harvest survey
HIA Health Impact Assessment
ILP Integrated Licensing Process
ISR Initial Study Report
PAC Potentially affected communities
REMI Regional Economics Models Inc.
RMB Robert Marshall Building
RSP Revised Study Plan
SMI Subsistence Mapping Interviews
SPD Study plan determination
TLK Traditional and local knowledge
USR Updated Study Report
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1. INTRODUCTION
This Health Impact Assessment (HIA), Section 15.8 of the Revised Study Plan (RSP) approved
by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for the Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric
Project, FERC Project No. 14241, focuses on developing an HIA in support of the license
application for the proposed Project. HIA is a structured planning and decision-making process
for analyzing the potential positive and negative impacts of programs, projects, and policies on
the health of residents in impacted communities. This Study Plan uses the methods and
guidelines in the Alaska Department of Health and Human Service’s (ADHSS’s) “Technical
Guidance for HIA in Alaska” (ADHSS HIA 2011).
A summary of the development of this study, together with the Alaska Energy Authority’s
(AEA) implementation of it through the 2013 study season, appears in Part A, Section 1 of the
Initial Study Report (ISR) filed with FERC in June 2014 (AEA 2014a). As required under
FERC’s regulations for the Integrated Licensing Process (ILP), the ISR describes AEA’s
“overall progress in implementing the study plan and schedule and the data collected, including
an explanation of any variance from the study plan and schedule.” (18 CFR 5.15(c)(1)).
Since filing the ISR in June 2014, AEA has continued to implement the FERC-approved plan for
the HIA Study. Progress included:
As described in detail below, AEA continued Phase 2 of the study, which involved the
collection of baseline data in 2014. This baseline data collection effort consisted of
fieldwork conducted in the Middle Copper River Basin potentially affected communities
(PACs) of Tazlina, Gakona, and Gulkana in February 2014.
On October 15, 2014, AEA held an ISR meeting for HIA Study.
In furtherance of the next round of ISR meetings and FERC’s Study Plan Determination (SPD)
expected in 2016, this report describes AEA’s overall progress in implementing the HIA at
Watana Dam Study during calendar year 2014. Rather than a comprehensive reporting of all
field work, data collection, and data analysis since the beginning of AEA’s study program, this
report is intended to supplement and update the information presented in Part A of the ISR for
the HIA Study through the end of calendar year 2014. It describes the methods and results of the
2014 effort, and includes a discussion of the results achieved.
2. STUDY OBJECTIVES
As set forth in the Study Plan (RSP Section 15.8.1.1), the goals and objectives of the HIA
include the following activities:
Identify potentially affected communities (PACs) and establish a community engagement
plan (where relevant).
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Through a review of the FERC scoping meetings and ongoing community engagement,
identify public issues and concerns about how community health might be affected
during construction and operation of the Project.
Collect baseline health data at the state level, borough, or census area level, tribal level,
and at the potentially affected community level, as possible.
Identify data gaps and determine the most efficient method to fill those gaps, through
community consultation and coordination with other studies, such as the Subsistence
Resources Study (Study 14.5), Regional Economic Evaluation Study (Study 15.5), Social
Conditions and Public Goods and Services Study (Study 15.6), and Recreation Resources
Study (Study 12.5).
Evaluate the baseline data against the Project description to initially determine the nature
and extent of potential impact pathways, both positive and negative.
3. STUDY AREA
The HIA study area, established by the Study Plan (RSP Section 15.8.3) includes those
communities potentially affected by construction and operation of the Project, such as Cantwell
and communities along the Alaska Railroad corridor, as well as those communities further away
but potentially affected by the movement of workers, materials, and supplies by using the criteria
available in the Technical Guidance for HIA in Alaska (ADHSS HIA 2011). The study would
also include communities identified in the Regional Economic Evaluation Study (Study 15.5)
and Air Quality Study (Study 15.9) that would experience changes in emissions resulting from
reductions in fossil-fuel utility plant outputs as a result of the Project. In addition to the
communities along transportation corridors and those identified in these other studies, the HIA
study will initially consider all the communities being studied in the Subsistence Resources
Study (Study 14.5). Together, all these communities have been initially identified as PACs for
the Project analysis to help facilitate collecting baseline information that could be used in the
analysis of Project effects. Some sample analysis factors that could be used to evaluate a
community’s possible nexus to the Project effects include the following:
Close geographic proximity to the Project,
High likelihood for worker influx,
Intense work force recruitment potential,
High likelihood for change in key subsistence resources,
High likelihood for change in transportation infrastructure,
Potential for economic change including regional staging centers, and
Existing high level of exposure to an environmental hazard that would be potentially
exacerbated or improved by Project development.
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4. METHODS AND VARIANCES
In 2013, the study team developed the Project overview and issues summary as provided in
Phase 1 of the HIA Study Plan (RSP Section 15.8.4.1) with no variances. During Phase 2, the
study team initiated baseline data collection as provided in the Study Plan (RSP Section 15.8.4.1)
with no variances. As planned for Phase 2, the HIA team accompanied the Alaska Department of
Fish and Game (ADF&G) harvest survey group in administering household harvest
surveys (HHS) and performed health related community facilities and services observations in
the Middle Copper River Basin communities of Tazlina, Gakona, and Gulkana. This occurred in
February 2014, while the HIA team was preparing the ISR document.
Since the filing of the June 2014 ISR, a complete data gap review has been conducted in order to
determine steps needed to complete this study. This included a review of the interdependent
studies to determine which gaps still remain for these studies. A review of the Engineering
Feasibility Study (AEA 2014c) was also performed to determine which project description
elements are still needed to complete the HIA. These gaps are detailed in Section 6.1 below.
4.1. Modifications Identified in ISR
There was a single modification to the original study plan identified Section 15.8.4.7 of the ISR
(Part C). This modification described that HIA analysis to be included in the Updated Study
Report (USR) would not serve as the final HIA for the Project. The analysis included in the USR
would serve as a template that could be updated and included in the FERC License Application
once the AEA Project proposal is finalized. The USR, therefore, would not describe specific
impacts or include a ranking and rating, but would instead include a “high level” overview of
potential impact mechanisms and effects.
4.2. Modifications Identified since the June 2014 ISR
As the Project was put on hold, a data gap assessment was performed for the Project to determine
which data would require updating in the continuation of the assessment. In order for the HIA to
be performed most effectively, the most up-to-date data sources should be utilized, as
community health profiles can be dynamic. This is especially true for smaller communities
where relatively small changes in key performance indicators can have a greater impact on the
overall health profile.
Statistics regarding public health, census, labor, etc. are updated on a periodic basis. The HIA
team has evaluated data resources utilized in preparing section 15.8.5.2 Baseline Health
Conditions of the ISR, to determine where newer data is available and compiled a list (with
locations) of resources that can be used to update the baseline data reported in the ISR. Available
updates are as follows:
Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (2011-2014):
http://www.anthctoday.org/epicenter/data/
Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics (2012-2013):
http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/VitalStats/Pages/data/default.aspx
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Alaska Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2013):
http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/InfoCenter/Pages/ia/brfss/maps.aspx
Alaska Trauma Registry (2007-2011)
Alaska Wildfire Emissions Inventory (2014):
http://fire.ak.blm.gov/content/admin/awfcg_committees/Air%20Quality%20and%20S moke%20
Management/Final%202014%20Wildfire%20Inventory%20Report.pdf
The University of Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperative Extension Service Food Cost Survey is
updated quarterly: updated data can be requested from Bret Luick:
http://www.uaf.edu/ces/hhfd/fcs/
Vaccination rates: Updated epidemiology bulletins available for 2015:
http://www.epi.hss.state.ak.us/bulletins/catlist.jsp?cattype=Immunizations
Tuberculosis rates: Updated epidemiology bulletins available for 2015:
http://www.epi.hss.state.ak.us/bulletins/catlist.jsp?cattype=Tuberculosis
Sexually Transmitted Infection rates: Updated epidemiology bulletins available for 2015:
http://www.epi.hss.state.ak.us/bulletins/catlist.jsp?cattype=Sexually+Transmitted+Diseases
Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development (2015):
http://labor.state.ak.us/trends/
5. RESULTS
The output of the baseline data review to date, data gaps analysis, and field studies appear in
Section 15.8.5.2 Baseline Health Conditions in the ISR: Part A (AEA 2014a). The data
contained within the ISR have not been updated since the filing of the report in June 2014,
however updates that are now available are described above in Section 4.2.
Results of facilities and services field observations performed in Tazlina, Gakona, and Gulkana
will be presented in final study reporting according to the recently updated ADHSS Department
of Epidemiology Confidentiality and Data Release Protocols (ADHSS SOE 2014.). To meet
these protocols, all results of key informant interviews related to the project will be aggregated
geographically and analyzed as input into potential impact mechanisms. A discussion of the
types of data that are collected by the HIA team for this exercise is described in Section 6.0 of
this report.
6. DISCUSSION
Assistance in the administration of HHS was provided for the village of Tazlina, and community
observations were performed in Tazlina, Gakona, and Gulkana. Community facilities and
services field observations consist of ground truthing information regarding:
Presence of a grocery store, types of items available for sale and costs;
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Presence of water and sanitation facilities;
Presence or absence of piped water and flush toilets in homes (based on interview);
Presence of medical/health facilities, staffing levels, hours of operation capacities,
available services, emergency capacity;
Presence or absence of public safety officers (village safety officer, state troopers,
firefighters, etc.);
Key informant interviews were conducted with personnel employed at the Copper River Native
Association (CRNA) Robert Marshall Building. The Robert Marshall Building (RMB) is the
clinical and administrative headquarters for CRNA, a non-profit health organization serving the
Ahtna region including the Copper River Basin and outlying villages including Cantwell. The
RMB houses CRNA’s administrative, tribal services, primary care, dental, pharmacy, health
education, and a wellness program for beneficiaries. At the time of the interviews, clinics in
Gulkana, Gakona, and Copper Center were still in operation and service coverage was split
between two Community Health Aides (CHAs) who rotated among the facilities. The clinic in
Gakona was closed at the time the surveys took place, however, the HIA team interviewed the
CHA at the clinic in Gulkana. The HIA team also interviewed the itinerant public health nurse
that covers the Middle Copper River Basin. Results of these data would be aggregated to meet
the ADHSS data release protocols within the Completed Study Report for the HIA.
6.1. Data Gaps and Needs
As discussed in Section 4.0, the HIA requires a complete project description along with inputs
from interdependent studies in order to assess potential health impacts. The important elements
relative to the project description listed in Error! Reference source not found. are needed for
review.
A list of documents reviewed since the ISR can be found in Section 4.0 of Part D: Supplemental
Information to June 2014 ISR. Gaps relevant to the HIA were noted so that they may be
addressed when the information is available. The following gaps were noted based on the review
of documents available for interdependent studies:
Social Conditions and Public Goods and Services Study Plan Section 15.6 ISR (AEA
2014a).
o The Regional Economics Model Inc. (REMI) model assumptions for comparing
future socioeconomic conditions with and without the Project were still under
development at the time of the HIA ISR development.
Air Quality Study Plan Section 15.9 ISR (AEA 2014a)
o Much of the information needed to complete this study is in the process of being
developed through other licensing studies, including the Geology and Soils
Characterization (Study 4.5), Transportation Resources (Study 15.7), as well as
Project engineering investigations. As these other studies and investigations are
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completed, the information developed in this report should be refined and
updated.
Groundwater Study Plan Section 7.5 ISR (AEA 2014a)
o Groundwater flow models, including model input and calibration datasets, files,
and model documentation were not yet complete at the time of the HIA ISR
development
Transportation Resources Study Plan Section 15.7 ISR (AEA 2014a)
o This study completed the documentation of existing conditions and forecasted
future conditions were completed for all modes but river transportation. The
addition of Seward and Whittier port and rail postponed river travel-related
interviews, and overall evaluation of Project effects on the transportation system.
Complete analysis of transportation and port facilities and services from a health
perspective is necessary.
Baseline Water Quality Study Plan Section 5.5 ISR (AEA 2014a)
o Water quality data collection was not yet complete at the time of the writing of
the HIA ISR. For example, a complete set of the sediment monitoring data
required for assessment of potential effects from mercury bioaccumulation is
needed.
Mercury Assessment and Potential for Bioaccumulation Study Plan Section 5.7 ISR
(AEA 2014a)
o According to the draft “Technical Memorandum Evaluation Of Continued
Mercury Monitoring Beyond 2014” (AEA 2014b), there were data quality
concerns regarding some of the data collected in 2013, which warranted the need
for additional sampling in 2014. As a result, the modeling has not yet been
completed. HIA study efforts would require evaluating the following key
questions identified by the study:
1. Whether conditions within the reservoir will cause mercury methylation
from this source.
2. The concentrations of methylmercury that might occur.
3. Whether a mechanism exists (fish and small invertebrates living in the
methylation zone) to transfer that methylmercury to wildlife.
Subsistence Resources Study Plan Section 14.5 ISR (AEA 2014a)
o The subsistence resource study team has completed HHS for all ADF&G
Identified Study Communities (Table 3.1 in Subsistence Resources Study Plan
Section 14.5 ISR). Harvest survey data is currently available in ADF&G technical
reports (Holen et al., 2014 and 2015) for all subsistence study communities with
the exception of Healy, which was surveyed in December 2014 and McKinley
Park, to be surveyed in 2016 (Error! Reference source not found.).
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o TLK workshops had not yet been held in Chickaloon or Knik at the time of the
writing of the HIA ISR report, and thus remain as gaps for the HIA.
o The last column in Error! Reference source not found. below denotes which
communities that Study 15.8 has received the results of the HIA questions from
the ADF&G HHS team. At the time of the writing of this report, raw data had
been received for two of the three HIA questions included in the HHS, thus
analysis could not be completed for these or any of the communities listed in the
table below.
o During the February 2014 community facilities and services field assessment,
none of the key informants identified by the subsistence resources team (via the
traditional and local knowledge workshops) were available for interview.
7. CONCLUSION
Work completed since the filing of the June 2014 ISR includes the following:
Community health related facilities and services field observations in the Middle Copper
River Basin communities of Tazlina, Gakona, and Gulkana;
Data gap review of interdependent studies ISRs;
Data gap review of Engineering Feasibility Study (AEA 2014c);
Review of Section 5.1 Baseline Health Conditions of Health Impact Assessment Study
Plan Section 15.8 to determine which data could be updated since the filing of the report;
and
Delineation of study completion needs in Section 8.0 of Health Impact Assessment Study
Plan Section 15.8 Part D: Supplemental Information to June 2014 ISR.
The remaining plans to complete the study include completing reporting for additional health
interviews during scheduled ADF&G household harvest subsistence surveys. The remainder of
the study effort to be undertaken includes the final updated Phase 2 baseline data collection and
Phase 3 identification of potential impact mechanisms and effects.
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8. LITERATURE CITED
ADHSS HIA. 2011. Health Impact Assessment Guidance Manual, the HIA Toolkit. Alaska
Department of Health and Human Services, Health Impact Assessment Program.
http://www.epi.alaska.gov/hia/toolkit.htm.
ADHSS SOE. 2014. Alaska Section of Epidemiology Confidentiality Policies and Procedures
and Data Release Protocols: Updated December 1, 2014
http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Epi/Documents/confidentiality/SOE_ConfidentialityPPData.p
df
AEA. 2014a. Initial Study Report: Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project FERC Project No.
14241. Filed June 3, 2014 with the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission. http://www.susitna-watanahydro.org/type/documents/.
AEA. 2014b. Technical Memorandum for Mercury Assessment and Potential for
Bioaccumulation Study (Study 5.7) - Evaluation of Continued Mercury Monitoring
Beyond 2014. Filed September 30, 2014 with the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission. http://www.susitna-watanahydro.org/type/documents/
AEA. 2014c. Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project Engineering Feasibility Report AEA11-022:
http://www.susitna-watanahydro.org/type/documents/
Holen DS, Hazell SM, Van Lanen JM, Ream JT, Desjardins SPA, Jones B, Zimpelman G. 2014.
The Harvest and Use of Wild Resources in Cantwell, Chase, Talkeetna, Trapper Creek,
Alexander/Susitna, and Skwentna, Alaska, 2012. Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Division of Subsistence, Technical Paper No. 385. Anchorage
Holen DS, Hazell SM, Zimpelmen G. editors. 2015. The Harvest and Use of Wild Resources in
Selected Communities of the Copper River Basin and East Glenn Highway, Alaska,
2013. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence, Technical Paper
No. 405. Anchorage
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9. TABLES
Table 6-1 Project Description Elements Needed for the HIA
Project Description Information
Percentage of local hires – from what communities
Construction workforce countries/locations of origin
Worker scheduling and transportation methods
Social impact management strategies
Open or closed work camps?
Permanent work camp locations
Temporary work camp locations – what size and for what period of time?
Camp catering facility & service plans/protocols
Camp laundry services & service plans/protocols
Camp living area space & ventilation plans
Infrastructure description & locations
Transportation routes
Transportation hubs
Construction Equipment types/level of usage (size of engine (kw, HP), hours per day, area disturbed per day)
Type of fuel burning equipment used/usage
Air emissions inventory & projections
Water emission inventory & projections
Hazardous wastes to be utilized, generated
Hazardous waste management plans
Non-hazardous waste management plans
Water and sanitation management plans
Medical emergency response plans, including project related emergencies in the community
Spill/inadvertent emissions response plans, including those that may occur in communities
Workforce Occupational Health Plan; particularly pre-placement requirements
Employee health education plans
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Table 6-2 Subsistence Survey Communities
Potential
Communities
Traditional
and
Local
Knowledge
Workshops
(TLK)
Household
Harvest
Surveys
(HHS)
Subsistence
Mapping
Interviews
(SMI)
Health Impact
Assessment
Activities
Date Partial
Raw Data
Received from
ADF&G
Beluga 2013 TBD1
Cantwell 2013 10 2012⁷ 2015 2013 5, 10 15 Sept 2015
Chase 2012⁷ 2015 2013 2 15 Sept 2015
Chickaloon --11 -- TBD1
Chistochina 2013 2013 3
Chitina 2013 2013 2013 3
Copper Center 2013 2013 2013
Copperville 2014 2014
Denali Hwy
Households -- TBD1
Eklutna 2013 10 -- TBD1
Gakona 2013 2013 2013 5
Glennallen 2013⁸ 2014 3 15 Sept 2015
Gulkana 2013 2013⁸ 2013, 2014 1 15 Sept 2015
Healy 2014 2014 1-limited⁹,
TBD1
Kenny Lake 2013 4 2013 3
Knik (added 2013) --11 -- TBD1
Lake Louise 2013⁸ 2015 2014 15 Sept 2015
McCarthy 2013 2013 1
McKinley Park 2016 2016 TBD1
Mendeltna 2013⁸ 2014 15 Sept 2015
Mentasta Lake 2013 2013
Mentasta Pass 2013 2013
Nabesna 2013 3 TBD1
Nelchina 2013⁸ 2014 15 Sept 2015
Parks Hwy
Households -- TBD1
Paxson 2013⁸ 2014 15 Sept 2015
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Potential
Communities
Traditional
and
Local
Knowledge
Workshops
(TLK)
Household
Harvest
Surveys
(HHS)
Subsistence
Mapping
Interviews
(SMI)
Health Impact
Assessment
Activities
Date Partial
Raw Data
Received from
ADF&G
Petersville -- N/A2 2013 5
Skwentna 2012⁷ 2013 15 Sept 2015
Slana 2013 2013
Susitna/Alexander 2012⁷ 2013 15 Sept 2015
Talkeetna 2012⁷ N/A2 2013 2 15 Sept 2015
Tazlina 2013⁸ 2014 4 15 Sept 2015
Tolsona 2013⁸ 2014 15 Sept 2015
Tonsina 2013⁸ 2014 15 Sept 2015
Trapper Creek 2012⁷ 2015 2013 2 15 Sept 2015
Tyonek 2013 10 2013 10 2013 10
Wasilla --
Western Susitna
Basin -- TBD1
Willow -- --6
1 TBD Subsistence Study results will be reviewed to determine if additional food consumption surveys and/or key
informant interviews are needed.
2 Subsistence use data not available.
3 Included as part of Slana.
4 Also included Willow Creek.
5 Census Area covered during Trapper Creek HHS.
6 Community misidentified in the ISR (AEA 2014a) as gap community
7 ADF&G Technical Paper No. 385 (Holen et. al. 2014)
8 ADF&G Technical Paper No 405 (Holen et. al. 2015)
9 Limited interview conducted due to staff absence, not sufficient for data needs; requires KIIs with emergency
providers & Community Leaders
10 ISR Sections 14.5 and 15.8 (AEA 2014a)
11 Pending finalization of the Coordination Agreement (AEA 2014a, Section 14.5)