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WILDLIFE IN
ALASKA
AN ECOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE
By
A. STARKER LEOPOLD
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY, MUSEUM OF
VERT~BRATE ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
and
F. FRASER DARLING
SENIOR LECTURER IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION,
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH
Sponsored by
The New York Zoological Society and
The Conservation Foundation
THE RONALD PRESS COMPANY 1 NEW YORK
Copyright, 1953, by
THE CoNSERVATION FouNDATION, INc.
All Rights Reserved
The text of this publication or any part
thereof may not be reproduced in-any
manner whatsoever without permission in
writing from the publisher
Library of Congress Card Number: 53-12201
PRIN'tED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
1 THE TASK AND THE ITINERARY 3
2 THE OPPORTUNITY FOR WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
IN ALASKA 11
3 WILDLIFE IN RELATION To OTHER REsouRcEs 14
4 NATIVE PEOPLES IN RELATION TO WILDLIFE 35
5 THE STATUS OF THE CARIBOU 47
6 THE STATUS OF THE REINDEER 68
7 THE STATus OF THE MoosE • 83
8 THE STATUS OF OTHER BIG GAME SPECffiS . 97
9 A BROAD APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT 109
BmLIOGRAPHY 117
INDEX 123
Vll
MAPS
FIGURE PAGE
1. The itinerary of the authors during the period of field
work in Alaska, June 1 to September 29, 1952 6
2. Original and present ranges of the caribou in Alaska,
showing shrinkage of area occupied in central and
southern regions . 49
3· Area in Alaska occupied by reindeer at the period of
maximum numbers (193o-38) and at present 72
4· The present distribution of moose in Alaska. The
range is now more extensive than it was fifty years
ago and local densities are higher 84
5· Ranges of black-tailed deer, muskox, bison, and e}k
in Alaska in 1952 99
6. Ranges of Dall sheep and mountain goat in Alaska
in 1952 103
ix