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FRANCIS HARPER .
This document is copyrighted material.
Alaska Resources Library and Information Services (ARLIS) is providing this excerpt in an attempt to
identify and post all documents from the Susitna Hydroelectric Project.
This book is identified as APA no. 2633 in the Susitna Hydroelectric Project Document Index (1988),
compiled by the Alaska Power Authority.
It is unable to be posted online in its entirety. Selected pages are displayed here to identify the
published work.
The book is available at call number TK1425.S8.A23 no. 2633 in the ARLIS Susitna collection.
THE
BARREN GROUND CARIBOU
OF KEEWATIN
THE
BARREN GROUND
CARIBOU
OF KEEWATIN
BY
FRANCIS HARPER
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
LAWRENCE • KANSAS
ARLIS
Alaska Resources Ubrary & lnf'ormatioa Setvïçes
Library Building. Suite 111
3211 Providence Drive
Anchorage, AK 99508-4614
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' CONTENTS
INTRODUCI'ION -------------------------------------------------------------------------5
MIGRA TI ONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
Southern limits of winter range --------------------------------------------7
Spring migration in the Churchill region ---------------------------11
Spring migration in the Nueltin Lake region ----------------------12
Summer interlude ---------------------------------------------------------------------18
Fall migration in the Nueltin Lake region ------------------------18
Retrograde autumnal movement -------------------------------------------32
Fall migration in the Churchill region ----------------------------------38
SUMMATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION -------------------------------39
EcowcY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
Habitats _____________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------41
Trails ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
Influence of weather on distribution ------------------------------------43
Influence of food supply on distribution -----------------------------44
Influence of insects on distribution -----------------------------------45
Effect of combined environmental factors on distribution __ 46
Relations to man -----------------------------------------------------------------------4 7
Ethnological material from caribou products _____________________ 59
Relations to Black Bears ---------------------------------------------------------62
Relations to foxes ------------------------------------------------------------------------62
Relations to Wolves -----------------------------------------------------------63
Relations to birds of prey -------------------------------------------------------67
Relations to miscellaneous animais --------------------------------------69
Relations to flies ----------------------------------------------------------------69
Ectoparasites --------------------------------------------------------------------------73
Relations to Reindeer -------------------------------------------------------7 4
N UMERICAL STA TUS -------------------------------------------------------------------------7 8
GENERAL HABITS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------79
Daily periods of activity and rest ------------------------------------------79
Organization of herds -------------------------------------------------------------81
Disposition -----------------------------------------------------------------------83
Senses -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------86
Gaits -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------86
Tracks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------87
Swimming ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------88
Shaking off moisture and insects ------------------------------------------95
3
Signaling -------------------------------------------------------------·-------------------------96
Food -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------98
Sc a tolo gy -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------99
Voice ------------------------------· _____ _____________ ____________________ __________ ____________ 100
Reproduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------------101
Fa wns ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------103
Growth ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------104
Antlers ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------105
Ru b bing trees ___________ ·--------------------------------------------------------------108
M ORPHOLOGY AND T AXONOMY --------------------------------------------------------108
Pelage and molt __ ------··--------------------------------------------------------------108
Albinism ---------------------··---------------------------------------------------------------112
Foot-glands --------------------------------------------------------------------------112
Mastology -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------113
Fat ----------------------------------------· ----------------------------------------------------113
Body measurements and weights --------------------------------------------114
Measurements of skulls ------------------------------------------------------------115
Measurements of antlers ---------------------------------------------------------115
Measurements of testes ----------------------------------------------------------115
Geogra phi cal variation --------------------------------------------------------------116
LITERATURE CITED ---------------------------------------------------------------120
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES TO
Rangifer arcticus arcticus --------------------------------------------------------134
INDEX -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------161
4