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Home My WebLink AboutAPA2866! ! : I I I i' ! i i I I I l I i I I I ! I I I ! I CONFIDENTIAL: RESTRICTED DtSTRIBUTtOH PHASE I REPORT: BACKGROUND RESEARCH AND PREDICTIVE MODEl FOR CULTURAL RESOURCES LOCATED ALONG THE SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT'S LINEAR FEATURES I tl I I I l I I ' l l I VOLUi'1/IE Jl · ! Pttlii'AIIIO IY HISTORICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES UMOIER CONTRACT TO SUSITNA JOINT VENTURE APPENDICES A-B I . i I U1'4111fto~it!:o1Uiil -·~ ... __.....,,_.,_~.,.~.---... ·-·--~-· ..... - - - - ex:> C\1 ex:> co 0 ('I) ,... 0 0 LO ~ ('I) ('I) CC,N~' Wf~NT UU . tU!S1'RitTr:O ; JST~UJHITION SOSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT PHASE I REPORT% BACKGROUND RESRARCB AND PRBDICTIVE MODEL FOR CULTURA.t RESOURCES LOCATED Ar~NG THE SUSITNA BYDROEI,ECTRIC PROJBCr 1 S T .. INBAR FEATURES VOLUME II APPENDICES A-B Report by Historic41 Research Associateo With Contributions frrym Alaska Heritage Reaearch Group, Inc. T. Weber Groiter, Prc~ct N@o.'lager Sally T. Greieor, Co-Investigator Cl~nn H. Gaoan, Co-Inveattoator Tholll8s A. foor, Predictive Modeling Conaultent Priscilla Ruesell ~ari and Ja~a Kari, Ethnographers Denial H. Gallacher. Project H1atorian Jenene H. Caywood, Super vi8Qry Archeologiat. Under Contract to Harza-Ebaaco Sueitna Joint Venture Prepared for Alaska Power .Autho'fity T'K ) l..jl-s ARLIS Final Report June 1985 Alaska Resources Library & Information Services IJbraty Building, Suite 111 3211 Providence Drive Anchorage, AK 99508-4614 - - ..... - -· - -. - - - L - - - - NOTICE ANY QUESTIONS OR C~~ENTS CONCERNING TBIS RBPORT SHOULD BE DIRBCTBD TO THE ALASIA POWER AOTBORITY SUSITNA PROJECT OPPICE JUli.J!Atl5i..t J\NC· .. O 13 ~ fort: Richardson ('KElmit Roosev~ 1t Memorial) C~flte'fy Steel~ 1980:Appendix 1 R~ynotds 1984:~12q 4-16 thru 4-22 Co ben 1981 : 23 8 United St1•te1 Army~ Alaak.a. 1972 l~il2nill.lll 29!Yf,IIQJl.l'EJlU.C .AUl,LAT~Qfi.L ('t.nternationa 1) ~ ~ Historic {Wit) cemetery site. AD 1941 1.l'!litt!.MJU.J1Mtf.Li.ATTACB ~OI'Y QF .RJA(fN.QSIJC MIJ~APTSl.:. ~a .. N!~~~l ll.i.Y:!E! itx: lAUMA!t.Jl&XNS: §.2nt.IOS!h £ ~MfiiC S§DlJi!WJ.I\QNUNTAL YJ!lT: B!~.it..!.U .i Loc,Hlt!L$!11 JlSGS .UP fUel attac:hh. Anchorage ( B-8) Quadrangle, Alaaka; located on main contonment. Ft. Richardson military reservation. §III. §IZJ: Unknown. HA'IVU§ ... 1l&..JDYQIV!ISt 27 m:u:ked graves and marked, common gt:ave of 235 Japaneae &oldiere. Commemorative (World War II cemetery). 'frts~neft of org!nie Jenaes ox_~epbrall (and of record] .J ; .. .. - - - - - - - - - St~ele 1980 :Appendix 1 Uuited Stateo At~y. Alaska 1972 keynolda 1984t4-26 lllU!ItllL,Ql..~Y..P..Atl.9..1lJ!.IlUC ~tORt (Ru:ro-·Ami!l:riean). .l~BIC .!lftttitfg[gH!lRQNMENIA.k. U]!IT: l!kitf~.L AD .t 935 !...L.2ctte CjlU l!SG!.JYP and. a'tasbl: Anchorage (B··8} Quadrangle, Alaska; located in s&in contonment, rt. Richardson military r•.•uuu·v at ion • .[Itt: . §ll ... tL Unknown. EAmlll§ Ql §IJ.J.WTUUI; sources consulted). Small monument (not described in th~ !III U~ll.Fll.l£tl.9H.: Coaaemorative {ccrmml"'moratea the opening of the Ancborage-Natanuaka V•lley Highway in 1935). {end of record] ARRS file ADP file 3330 .. ·1 (not I.!Onoulted} I~li:JJ.U~U'JiLJl.X. QS((iUPA'flQNlltl!NJ$1 Ai'l!W\IIQN: AD 1942 ( l':t>'.!: c-Jl~er i c:<~~.n) 4 Anchora&e (A-8) Quadrangle, Tvo-atoried, wood-frame building. !.tTl. mlllmfQZ:l9fJJ Livina quartets for eommaoding officer•, their familieQ, an4 ~ieitina 4i~itariea and officers. mm 9l.W2!!1-I§fl!l1l{f!U.\. Qf ~1MIA,t (f£!1ill£:f 2.f su:&fQic l-IB!!! .or .~tRh:ral; {end of reeord) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .!111 J!Wl. M~C-021: St. Innocent of Irkutsk Chur.-ds • . lVl~L'\<a;.:.. ..t..US file ADP file 3330-1 (not eonsultad) ~in& gats~ im4 nt~t: B.istoric: building. Built after AD 1967 ~~IN§ (AltACY ~Ofi OF DIAGNGSTIC AJilF~CTS}: !!ltlff.t.U:ial Diy!;r.!itf.L U!Ufh.&. &ft11A~NZ L Jgpe T29.l!u, !QfQ2!AZBJ~ §JITIHG/§RVIBONMJHTAL YHII: hl!i,at: U~2Sitt 0!1 USC@ Ul! !Dd ltt!Sh2.i A11cborage (A-8) Quadr•nsle, Alaska; located in east tuburban Anchorage (6724 East Fourth Avenue). ltiJ §Iii\ <1 acre. liAlllll' .91 m~m.u: Dea«:ription of the church not found. but ADP file 3330•1 vaJ not consulted. Church. [end of record) §JJj_J~~~t ANC-043: CINC Quarter$ (Qu$rterG ~f the C.:r=uulder-:i:~· ... Ctd .. ef, Al.uka) A}Ul s f :i.l ~ ADP file 3330-l (not consulted) fD.i.PRill.Jl~!!)UJlm!~C Ml1Wl9Ui, (iiu:ro-Arauican) .. ~~~8, t"!!8!1£9i~&. d;at!lll. .iJJJ_J(~~~L HiltOTic building. If.Jml.UIHA.llili.. -a,,,.na 'l · n 1 a ! ~ .. .-.... ;2-:.A~ IP,~~~~l,C SIIIlN2L§I!IIQ!HIIlAL YNtT: JJ\!ite«a .. AD 1942. tbosett ou YQ~§ m12 !Dd ·~~~~hl: Anchorage (A-8) Quadrangle~ Ai~eka; located at S-504 5th Street~ Elemendorf AFB. !JII I[Z§: l acre. lMIYR.I~ Ql\ IIIflC'[OJllli. Two-otoried, wood-frame building (5"! by 29 ft) vitb aurroundins white picket fence; a stone monument commemorates meetins between Preaiden .. Nixon and Emperor Kirobito 26-27 Sept 1971 • §lTJ 1lfllltmCT10N; Built aa officers' qu.erters in 191,.2 and converted to ClNC quarters iu 1956; commemorates events of 1971. U'i'!•~U!C~. of crt.J~Utic l!U!~!IJ OI. teph[!l L {end of record] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ARB.S file O':rth 196 7: 1045 Steele 1980:Appendix 1 f!';_li.QP.i1LQL£K,;£V,PA,,'t'l.OH/ ~Dli!C AfliLA.'UON: ( lturo .. ·Alal0:t7iean). .!Ql.Q.'fll&nJ.!<;. '"~EII1!'ilJ!lli,lROID1JN"+A& Pill. l!.ab M:a s.: AD 1 ~17 ~.L9.S!~.• . ..!ln YiPI .m!P a:pS ..Jt!ttctbl: Anebora&e (B-8) Quadrangle, Alaska; oriainally located on Elmendorf AFB at Mile 119.1 of the Ala.slua Railroad; moved to Alaaka Traneportation Museum near Palmer at unk.nowu date • JU'.l..§IZI; 1 acre. !Jii IXll/fPJCTlQN: bih:oad. [end oi record] One-storied, wood-frame building. Section (maintenance) house for the Ala5ka ANitS file Orth 1967~293 Steele 1980:Appendi~ 1 .[!~~ Historic tiite (historic building?). !Q~~!!+\PRJ£ SJliiHGl.f:tfYI!OJm!JiiAJ. tmlli .b~J.~.!~.i. AD 1917 ~L2cJ.tl os YS§S maR •ad tttash): Anchorage (B-8) Quadrangle. Al,l&k~; located at Mile 126 .6 of the Alaska Railroad. Note that co~rdinat•s lieted in Orth and AHlS file may be in error, but the aou~ee of error has not been identified. .F..Y.J!TJIS O!.JIPJlCIJlR.IJ .. t There aay be a historic structure at the aite, but it it not described in the eourcee consulted. Vlagatop on the Alaska Railroad. [end of record) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .... - M1R.S file ARR filet (not conaulted) Steele 1980:43-44 !rPLn:l!L Hiatoric ttructure. ~~ ti!Sti~al ~!vsrsity: .f~~4\k!~ Rab~t§it:. AD 1924 (Locat! 9n YS2S map an4 attach): Anchorage (B-7) Quadrangle, Alaska; located at Mile 127.5 of the Alaska Railroad. Note that there appears to be au error in the coordinates listed in the AHRS file; in addition, AHRS baa listed this site along with ANC-266. 1 acre. l~~~~ 0& SI&YC!ml!Si Steel girder bridge. ~~ tiP!/FYHCT!QI: Railroad bridge spanning Eagle Rive~. [end of record} MilS fila ADP fil6 3330-l {not connulted) f'Jl!lQRlJ?1_Q.L 9~C\iPAI!Q!l P.lll'!£ AlfU~u.mu. AD 1971 (1966) (f.u:r.:o·-tw~&:t:iean). ~~~~~~~--~~l~ft~ .:i.Ul .. .!Y'PE: Historic building; part of Nltll.P Historic District. {,tpc,at! .2!! USQI us apst astacchl: Anchorage (A-8) Qu..adrangle, Alaska; locatad on Wealey Drive, Alaaka Pacific University, in east ~uburban Aneborase. Concrete struct\•re designed by Edward jti& ITlJ/FUNCTlON: Stud~nt union and dormitory facility. nKDJ Ol .. PJlO§liSl!!YlfB~R.. OF §TM'l~..t [end of record] - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - !UlRS f He Steele 1980:38-41 !!'!U2Pi~ ... t .. QL._Q£!'.J.ff.i'UQN/J.IBV .. <t AlflL!.'riOHl AD 1940~ or slightly e.nt<li~r·; cultural affiliation undetermined (probably Euro-Am~rica•d. 1J~t!ACH COP! PF DtAGNOSTIC ARliFACTj): .{,1.2s.,,,te Q!\.. U§GS !MR asd ~~tac}l2;: Anchorase (B-8) Quadrangle • Alaska; located witbin Fort Richardson military reservation. 1]l~BS_Ol SlJYCTUlES: Intact remain• of a amall cabin with a~eociated unidentified rectangular pit~; structural and discarded r~fuse iu aaeoeiation. Original funeticn not determined. D~PD_QLD!PpSITS/ NtilfBER Or' STRaTAL !l.t.tu.D£!._9f orga~~J lenQea 9t tepbJ;a): [and of record] ARRS filg St~~le l980:4l-43 !J~JlH~P.1~i Of._Q.£Q.Yl~AT!QW:!I!mhY .. W~b\IlQ!:* (l)!l't::~bebly teuro-Amed,ean). ~J;..:tU:.~; L!&.!l"J!~ lllJ! .. lilli Historic I'd to. ~J.t;At.t.. AD 1930s ox l9M)s i..&gpl~! ou UJfi!l !Y.P .JfQd lt~AC ~) t Anchor egG ( B-8) Qu.adr angLe, Alanka; located within Fort lichardaon militar} raaervation. §jj'J....!!!ft.:. < 1 acr-a. 1-l~*t!JII.S.,Oll snuctuY!J. tteuin.a of a tent p1JJ.tfom, large pit, and aa>Jociated t:aoh dump (site ek~tch up attached). ~\Il...'!lr§LE.YJCllON: Bomeetea.t\er"'a or squatter"'• "cabin"(?). DJP:n.L.Ql DtjfOlit!l mJMIIll Of Sty,T.A;.. [end of record] - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - AIRS file for ANC-099 AilS file for 266 (not consulted) Steele 1980:43-44 1Jil9.~{j}~~t QCQVZAI12tilBIHYJq AfliLAJIQH: Not 1pecified but prob~bly datQt to the period AD 1917-1942 and later (probably RurO""JUli@'f ican) , C-1! R£\.nJL!llfg.Jml... W .t.&iD MAl'l&l.AJ.. DAil\P 2 : £tt.aU I~A·III:il Y&. . .d! t !.l.t .~ historic site. ~-!!mAlNS ~.1 con OI D!Al'r!QUic MUU'ACI~> : l!x.tiftmtitl Rlx!r•i~y: l'.AlmA.~ JSP.i~ .• '!'oq lt : Im!QQMlJIQ JITTINGLJftll\ON!(IIIAL Jll!Jt: .H!Jli.tM,; (lQ!ctS• !ZP UI211U ang at;achl; Aor,;noraa•e (B-7) Quadrangle. Alc~~'kA; located vithia Fort licbard•on military reetn:vation. Note that the eoo~dinatea lilted in the ABlS file appear to be in error. !Uil..JUII: < l acre. ~~~ Ql STBU£TVIIJ: Structure ll; t~ll structure (3.0 A ~etructed of notched birch and alder 1aplinga. Structure 2t collapsed log e&bin (6.3 x 5.2 m) with several aaaociated amaller feature• unidentifi•d as to function. 1.5 SIII lll"[UIClJOft; Structure #1 appears ~ore recent and may have been a temporary shelter used during Army maneuvers; Structure 12 is poe&ibly the remains of a work camp, section house, or roadhouse -associated with construction of the Alaaka Railroad. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; \ti~Ol ilit'IO't}.ti)wnlb ~lt~J:O'q::lill\~ ( r.:u,:n~.l Zt'J pr~~ J - ..... Re1e~ 1980•7. 15-19 Reger 1983:7, 15-19 (r~print of Reger 1980) BehnkG p.c. (!973) Pete p.c~ (1978) Ieser n.d. (not consulted) ~L.Ql~J!U.'l'Ij!l/lllfl!l£ Alti.LA';lQl!.t Historic (Tanaina) ~ £~1'JJJ. tt!CW!ULI.U t bJm !fATIIW DAT§P): :il%1 l~tll Historic archeoloaical tite. lAW~~~~: J..2.rut.l221.u.. ~Ol~llfBIC IIIIIJGL!H!IIONM!UIAL QBIT: Lowland spruce forest. Dtb!~at: Riverine and lacustrine. ~Jl~ PD PlGI 812 agd attfgb}; Tyonek (C-1) Quadranglep Alaaka; located along both banke of Fiah Creek outlet of Red Shirt Lake • .1Uil. SID.t UDknow. mr.DIS. QJ IDVCMIS.:.. rfimaina, and a cemetery. Unspecified number of cache pite, cabin J..III IIPili!J!CIJ.Qlh. Villaae aite • QlPII Ql QllOlXISLHYHill Ol SJBA!At Unknown. -!1£tpenc~ of 0£1JD~c.l~nsea 9£ tepqra}: [end of record} t~0-006: Nancy Lake Wayside (N~ncy L$ke Site) Dixon and Johnson 1972:56 (not consulted) Ieser 1980: 1 J?~AQ.~tL.Q.t !atmf"~!IlQNlmlflC AJII16II21t !1.::1/+ J!AI.il (tNC!JlDlJNl I. 6tm l!A'l'lll.AL DATI»}: .£Siwt!SJ ... !'W£1l LIS ~~$ '': heblht::orie. Uuknowu. Not dated~ 1ll1U!t..RIMW. !W"R COfi .. Jll_DWNQSTl£ b:ITlFACI:U: etone flaka is reported. bw M!.t.UJil DjYJ!E! ~ti: fA.Y!AL. .f!Wli!S: None reported.. JSP! I22lt: None reported. Unknown. !O~~~BtC SI.Tlftg/§NVIRQ!HINIAL gp!T: !lu.u ... ~: A single iLa~JSe 9B Y!QI mae f!d tttach~t Tyonek (C-1) Quadrangle, Ala~ka; located at the entrance to Nancy Lake Wayside. Jli~!.SAllL Unknown • . UAitiJES OJ SW,tDil: None described. ,Sitl :anLfYN£ll9!; Unknown. Pllfl oy PIPQSlt§/HYMJZ& or STJATA: Unknown. ifteagpse gf oxatsic lgn@ee 2I tepbxa); [end of record) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .... TYO~·O 14: TY0-0 14 Ieger 1980:7 R!!gar 1 983 : 1 Behnke p.c~ 1973 a~g•r ~.d. (not conaulted) tiD,U...,IJY.U~L9l..JlSlQJl.PA'J.:I9H/ITRN1~ .W.lJ.Al'lQN;_ Prehistoric (T&\~iM?). £:1!L.P.!:tl.L(UtCLVPI WI f m tJAD~UAL DAIJPl.i.. Not dated. ~.u.&!U!.T. ~ !mfAIN&.t None described. tone Ioola; None deacrioed. Lowland spruce forest. livariua. U~sa&t sm U§C§ SQ. twJ &tt~fu Tyonek (D-1) Quadrangle, Alaska; loeated on a small hill on the south aide of Willow Creek about 1 mile above ita mouth. ~TI SlZI; < 1 acre. IMillUJ 21 IDVGIUIIlt 10-15 cache pita, not described further in the eourcea consulted. ~ll!E IIfE/FQNCIIQN: Cache aite. None deec:ribed • [end of record] L~t;lt.J!!J.lt ABRS f i1 e Smith 197 4:40 Cadw~llader n.d. (not consulted) Q~?!!RI'Jlt! .. .t!&•ran.& sates; ~ Bietorie site. AD 1910 li~AQI.£.911. QI DJAGNos·nc ARltu.c:n>..:. ~liAt:eJ:ifl Dixeroit'Y: W9iM.fJ.lC §m:IN!U !ID'IIQN}JPIAL UNII: :@abittt: Riverine. lt9eJ~! 2Q USP.l 1!2 tad tttacb): Tyonek {B-1) Quadrangle,· Alaska; located ou Little Sueitna R.iver • 14 milea out of Knik on tbe l«litaroc.\ ll'ai.1 .. SIU.JUZI:. < 1 acre. l~AXRJII 01 141Y£XVJII; Not d•acribed in eourees eonsulted. !111 TXfl/fU!Gtl2'J Roadhouse. J!IPD or Jl.f.:PO§IISltmJ911 or IWTA: ll.teasntcP.. of Of."&a.njc len••• or ~ephra~,.; [end of record} - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..... .~.~....l.t 'i'YQ-017: Little Suaitn.a Roadhouse l!rtDJ~Jl. AHRS file Smith 1974:4C Cadwallader n.d. (not consulted) ~!!L Bietorie eite~ )O!!IJ. Tegh: AD 1910 IQPQ2RAlRlC IETIINGLBNYIIONH§~L YNII: itlti!illi Riverine. .{'~2Ctt! 2P YS<i!tH2 yd a&tas:h}: Tyonek (B-1) Quadranale, · Ala~ ~! located on Little Sueitna River, 14 miles out of Knik on th~ !ditar. 1 Trail. SITE SlZI: < 1 acre. Mot deecribed in sources consulted. Roadhouse. RllTR Of p~P2SliSlNUMBEl OF STBAIA: (end of record) AlliS iuvetttory Cook 1973 (not eon1ulted) ,t.M.~.l...m:. .. !l~In'A'UQI!l JDmlC_AlJll:Ail<U!t Unknown. fCJ.i.J!61U ... illm~-~ Am.~ ~LUI.U:!!iD&. J!lttt: 1.UlU£ ... JMJfAl!l CmJt~B. ega 2! RU&l lt:U9. .ARilU.~IJl t ~;:i.¥:1.. Jl!!iJ:! lU-i.. IQZWf.U:mUmiJ.WLIN~~.Im!MinAL Ylfli: J.llti t I ~J~ Unknown. ~L:Cbntts szu UJ2J.. .. m .11W ~.t. Tyonek (D-1) Quadrangle, Alss~ai located on the Ka•hvitna River. l.U~ .. Jt;!;. Unknovn. F.JAIUilHi. 91 smmmUJ.. None described in BOijreet consulted. Vil.last~ · site. ~%8 ~ lll03li1lUYKBI& Of.STJATA; Unkno~n • .{.frsaen;! Qf oiiiRic lesas• or ~eehra): [end of record) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JE~~t~J!~~i!i.5i.li.. Ot:tb 196 7: 1049 .t\HUPP{§). .9LJl<tvllUI!QlilJ'}1mtC AftrU~t!.QH.:.. AD 1917 ,V.~JJi ... .l~'JJ!Li!Ji~lfJJ'DI LAl.l. Aim HAIIJ~ Pj.IIfl l : £~~-qtlJt!&~Ed~ng datea: ~~JL~ Historic site. 1\l!L...Mi-tii i!l lail:W l~ll UJJ!i~1.--~~ .. lt ~ • .I0..9l!l. X~iAPiiC ~~Itt~glE!JlRONMENIAL YNII: ~J~.t i&g~~!!-9! YSG§ mAP ang IStAch}: Tyonek (D-1) Quadrangle~ Ala•ka; locate at Mila 185.7 of the Alaska tailroad. Noue deee~ibed in the sources consulted. Unknovn. [end of record] MIS fil~ All filefi (not consulted) ,~.Rill ... 9l..,.PSS.!ll6l:J2Nl.mtJitC W'U.ATJQ.N,t 0~:-ur '0""' !U:&l'Ot' i CUI. n) ., AD 1927 !!tipl1~ Historic structure. !~!!L~-ll~l~t~~~~ Pjl~ Of DJAQUOSTtp ABIIfA&fiLt lfl!'J!,I.tJ!!i!l Rivers itt:. J'.AID!AL . .Jt.~Ii!: !2AL.I22l!U l'9rmWJU(: S!tiii'l~lJllYliQHMI!IAL YlUT: IU.i't.~i iL9&1~..1.. 29 Jl§kl J!AR yd attash> E Tyonek (D-1) Qu&dr:ansle. Alaaka; located at Mile 187.1 ot the Alaska Railroad near Willow, Alaska. Jm SI~g:, 1 ac1:e. L~tY!iJ QI .. S11VCIPI§P: Steel girder bridge. !Jll-llfl{lgiCJlOIL lailroa4 bridge spanning Willow Creek. [ e~nd ~of record l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TY0-027: tittle Willow Creek Bridge AHRS file AitR. files (net consulted) fltUJm.!JJ.J!i .QS;C!ll!D21L !Il!Ni1f 6[f:l,UTIQN :. (Euro· ... ..blc:r.:tcan). !J~Jl-IIlll Historic etructure~ IQfOi.Y?,RlC smtBS;/BU!IRONMENIAJ.. UNIT; J!al'iit!~: .\D 1927 Udzsatt 99 VSGS. •!2 !M attas.h): Tyonek (D-1) Quadrangle. Alaska; located at Mile 190.5 of the Alatka Railroad near Willow, Alaska. §II!~§IZJ: 1 acre. I~l OJ STJUCIPll§: Steel girder bridge. JJII tJll/fPNCTIQM; Railroad bridge spanning Little Willow Creek. p_,rta OF PJlOSitS/NUHIIR Of STRATA; !f,gatnse g( 9I&tnie lenett or ~ephra): [end of record] - - - AD 1917 - - -JUI!t.lllli Bietorie site. - - -lQf.OGI4l!!C_!I!tlNG/Eti!lRONMJNIALYNIT: HabitAU - ~~Jl. 2\l y§OS IMP and a&&ach): Tyonek (D-1) Quadrangle, Ala~ka; located at Mile 193.5 of the Alaska Railroad. - -IIAIY&IS JL~~lli£IYII!l None are described in AHRS file. !II!lifllfPJQTIQU; Not assessed in AHRS file. - ~Jnl.Qf RBPOIJTilNYHBII_ Ql STRAtAL (Prea~aee gf or&IPie lenaea Of tephral;. - [::!nd of record) - - - - - - - - - - - .l~lmi.!t AH.RS f U e R~Qf Qi:CY!A:flS!Hl.E!BJJJ.9. WIMTIQH: (Euro ... &;:uttican). AD 1917 m.I. ... If.fli. Biatorie Bite (AHRS lists it 88 a prehistoric site). lAYillt-L II!JAIN§i. h.i\LI..~ IO~~~IC 31ti~G/BtiYIRQtiMBIIAk YNIT: U2Sitt on U§9S llfP ,and. ttttcbl.t. Tyonek (D-1) Quadrangle. Alaska; located at Mile 202.3 of the Alaska Rail~oad. SITl.,.S.I~~.: Unknown. fBl'!lUS 01 STIU~Tt!RES: l!tl IIPK/fVJCTIQN: None are described in the AHRS file. Not aeeesaed in AURS file. {Pretence of organic len&f! ox tep~ra); [end of record] TYO-Oll: Sheep Cr~ek Bridge AB.RS ~UI't JJll fil~ (no: consulted) P...:l!-IMIIL1!1£t.ti.U...b\l I. AJm MtDXAL RAIIR.l.;. £5!J!!!!U.! F!&!lltiP& !1\ttiiJ. ill~ Biatc~ic structure. AD 1927 .k.tDJ!£ .fi»JAJ]S. {AIW!ll qopy Ol DIAGNO§IIC AilU'ACTSl.t i.o'-~.!Il!.lJti.VII§ity; ~LJl&fAJ.NQ;., J..!m$-l22.1t t IQfOOMP.lU.~ smUJ<UDVIRQNMJHT6~ _gNlT: .H!.lti!'-.'i.t:J.. 1&!2C4~8 .. ,2A YPGS !YP and lttash); Tyonek (D-1) Quadr&~l~le t Alaska; located at Mile %03.3 of thn Alaska Railroad. ~~ 101 acres (t?t?). Steel girder bridge. lt.ilroad bridae apanniua Sheep Creek. - - - .. - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - .fl.JJ:!.Jf~~ T.YO-O:HH Pi$hcreok #2 ~n·-a;:t~.§lS:.i; leueE" 1980 : 7 .... ~~~ .... , ..,. D l.t!lger 1983 : 1 k~ger u.d. (not consulted) mt~J1l .. $PJll!Ilglll1Imuc.~ Biatori.e and ~bo~i~i~al (Tauaina?). fcl!-~,LmHtW f AlP WIIU~DA'f'P>; Not dated by c-14; pr~titalh;~ af bietor!.c crockery fragmente. llUtc ... RfdfA~.t!§ {Al'IAC!J COPY OF_ JU,Mi[tO§ItC ARIIUCISl ; None de~c~ibed. l..~IJ!I:. Oue cur. bone, uot dt.uu:ribed or identifA.ed aa to lp~eitH~. 1~fQG!AfHIC JITTINQ/§B!IROftMI!tAL UfiiT: spruce foreet .. Ri-v&r ine. High brush and lowland ( LOC!&I 29 p&GS up .Jnd atsach},: Tyonek (C-1) Quadrangle, Alaska; located on welt bank of Fiah Creek near conftuence of row Lake outlet and rich Creek. iiii SlZlt < 1 acre. liAIVIII Ql §IR~IRJIS:. One ca~he pit mentioned, but not further d~scribed in eourcet consulted. !JXS IXllllYNCTJO!: Reported as an aborisinal ,.tillage oite; each~ sitfl. DUIR 9t nWiJ:I§/!mlJEI Q[ STRATA; Not described; possible pTehiatoric and hi•torie componenta? Nonee described. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TY0-035: Horaeahoe Lake Cacbea lager 1 980 : 7 !~ger n.d. (not couuulted) Unknown .. S'::~ {IIQMWI-LU f AlP MTRJ.AL IUIIJ!l t Not dated by C-114> ill~tbod. jj~ Prehistoric eite. ~.!lliAil!I.JmAcJ C9PI or PIAGIQSTIC A.UilAGtS) ; None r:-eported. !u . .H!~!ri:•Lnixtrt ity: · ~.8£HAJNS: None reported. 12n.1 l'291tt None reported .. High brush. J.abUat: lake level. liveriue/lacuetrina; located a terrace 3 m above 'Lost&• O! Ylil JfR apd a~tach): Tyonek (B-1) Quadrangle 5 Alaska; located on the vest bank of outlet etream draining Horseshoe l~ke and floviua into the Little Susitna liver. Altl §IZE: < 1 acre. Five cache pita (not further described in Cache site. ~lliB.Qr DIPO§JT§{!YMQIR OF SI&AIA; Unknown. (Pitl«ncl ol OES4Pic 1epeee qr ~!ehfalJ. [end of record} Unknown. &•UlS inventory AHRS file (not consulted) ~q~~~ rt&!Fd.ina datetl J!ll-Illll Historic buildin~. AD 1920 (ethnic :k..~~§ !bln.CR .. ~pjJ Q'f _A\AQ.'NOSllC All.U.~.lt l~l}!._:;t2ol! L IPf..P§lWBJ;C SiTTING/ !NVIP.ONMEffl'Aie YNl.tt Onknowno Lacuatrine. {hoctte OQ vsgg a•P and tt£achl; Tyonek (C-l) Quadrangle, Alaska; located somewhere on ledehirt Lake; exact location not vttrified. [iAIVJI§ QR STJUCtyRI§: consulted. Historic cabin not described in aourcea Unknown. ilJ:tt,~JDC:!, Of 2tgan~~ hrQI~f Ot tepbtt): (end of record] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .UJtH.J.tlSU~.L ARD.S inventory Yarborou&b 1983:6 (not consulte4) .fl-~P..{.~..l21-~Ct!f6Il.OtfLIIlUUS: ... ~llk\TIO!f: Sl::.l!.t.JlAI~' ( I!!(lJJPI W I AMP MIIIJAL JlATEJ)) : !l.U.Mlt. Prehistoric site. River in~. {Lo~ats 9P Q8GS liP 19d attacblL Alaska; located near Willow Creek. !!11 §IUl. < 1 acre. Bottomland spruce forest. Tyonek (D-1} Quadrangle, IIAIY~EI Ql STIUCIYJIS: None deacribed in sources eonettlted. tlii TIP!/FQJ&ll2!L Unknown. Rlf.II Of DIPOSITS/NYMJBI Of SIR6TA~ Unknown. (l£e•enee of oraanic ltntt! qr ~epb£tl~ [end Qf record] 'I'Y0-061 ; 'tYQ-061 AHR.S iuventory Yarborough 1983:6 (not eoueulted) IJ!Wm.\J.t .Ql J&£V.W.:UU!l mHIC -WlL6Il2lH fc::l..'l. ilmJ (l!f.iLJlPJ LAI. I AlP M!DIALDAtEPl: ~9~S• ;e&IWP&-".tl!; .LUL.mll. hehiltori.e site. LDJl:te -~~ <A'ttAQI con .Ql PLWDOUIC QTifACII) ; Afy ..... ~a~~ti!l Rtve~:s !t.I.:. ~lltfAif!S.: Jg,.qe Io2ta: IQPOOMfll.9_,Smll§l D!;tRONI!INTAL tmJT; Bottomland spruce fote&t. Riverine. iL2~tC! 9D Yl91 maR !9d tt~asnl: Tyonek (D-1) Qu~~rangle~ Alaska; located near mouth of Willow Creek. V.l!..JJl.IJ.. 40 acres. r..L\1-'VI.l~1J ... ..2ll §~IVCTVUJ.t None described in sourcea consulted. !III tJIJtlQI,IlOti; Unknown. iJITR 2l RIPQ§IT§/NYHJBR gr StBAIAi Unknown. {li!!ID£! of QI'IIJiC legae! ~ teRb£!LL [end of record} - - ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I - ·.rAI.-005: Montana AD 1917 ~lAI.. IIF~l Riatoric aita. ll".Oil~. 1\&I!!S (biiAC!i COll Ql l,~GNOSII,C AJTifACIS): .i.!:.,,_Ji!tu:tat .Ruu:eity; UlltmL IOOMJHS.: .. }.9QG A20 ~!.1. IQl~PJI£ !Jtilug/BNY!BOHMEIT~ VNIT: BJ.iU...W..:.. iLocl&• on USQS map ADd attagh): Talkeetna (A-1) Quadrangle, Ala•ka; located at Mile 209.3 of the Alaska Railroad. ~l1 §I;J: Unknovu~ lll!YIIS oa.aiauCIUIIS; None deecribed in sources consulted. SIT& UPJ/FVNCtiQN:, Oriaiully a railroad construction camp. TLM-00 1 : Canyon ANRS file O~th 1967:182 J.2rut..l,29.l!L IOP~RAfHIC S§TIING/!NVI&ONMBHTAL UNIT; j,.!bitlll. AD 1920 ikocate.gp YSGI liP tn4 tttech); Talkeetna Mountains (D-6) c:~uadraCJgle, Alaaka; locate at Mile 268.4 of the Alaska Railroad. !!!J llZXL Unknown. L~AXYII§ OR. ST&UCIUBI'J R~ilraod station house. not further described in the aources consulted. !liE.IIPELERNCIIO!l Railro4d. [end of record} Section(?) (maintenance) house for the Alaska - - - - - ... - - - - - - - - - ..... .... - - - - ~JllLN~lt TLM .. 005: Gold Creek Ku:JDB&.fi.t A1ll s t i la llf~2JL(8} Qf .. .Q£~2UTIQN£mm.,I~ W:UAIIO~!:. (Euro-k--cterican). QQ'SW!!!t& .t.~&a£din.& • .9!J:J&..l. 1tt.:i'A .. Ti'PE; Historic site. B~bi;at: AD 1920 (Locate e» uSGS gap and tttach)~ Talkeetna Mountains {D-6) Quao~angle, Alaska• located at Mile 263.5 of the Alaska Railroad • . iii§ SlZ!: Unknown. f§AIUI.IS Ol SIJ.UCTY.US: Section house mentioned, but not further described in eourees consulted. !111 llPEilVNCTJON: Section (maintenance) boule for the Alaska Railroad. PJl'TH . 91 P!fO&UTSL tmMBES Ql §TRA'l'A: [end of record} MRS fil_, ADP file 3330-3 (not consulted) Ail file (not consulted) ~.t!.t.! na~rdin& da.Ul!J. §.II~ . .I.Yn..t Hiatoric structure (NRHP site). AD 1920 ~lHI. (mAC.H CQ[f Ol PJAGJ9UIC WlFA£1§}..: lfX t!lt.!Ui'it 1 JliYJl:£1i:~Il Um!6k .1\.lS:fAU!.tt ltii?J.t.a,t t Upland spruce foreet. !.Lec:!te gn Jl§§S paJ!. &d §t~tsh) i Talkeetna Mountaina (D-6) Quadrangle • Alaska i located at Mil.~ 264.1 of the Alaska Railroad. !!II §~;1: 1 acre. FM.DJ!§S QB SD\!CIVJIS; [end of record] Steel airder bridge4 Railroad bridge spanning the Susitna River. - .... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .MIN.S f Ues Rol~e~, Ch~rles E. 1974: 1-25 l.IRlQUiil OL.A~curattOHlE~~c Aflit!&TtONi e\Alt:ure ~~l~~ <XUGLYPt lA1 fAIR nAIIBIAL.RAt~Rlj Date wa$ obtained on charcoal asaociated with artifacts about l.J m bel~~ surface. See attached xerox sheet. prehistoric site National Resister of lliltot·ic Pht'~, 9/6/11 .. LITH~AIM!~N§ (AIIACJ CQPY.Qf QlAGNQlTJC ASIII~~I~l\ Collection at University of Alaska Muoeum. Fairbanke. See attached xerox sheet. Bqng tools :. IOPQGRAlHlC SETIING/JNVlRONM§HTAL UNIT: Lovland Spruce Foreat Btb~tat: (LgSfte on USQ~.mtP an~ attach)t Lat. 635253N, Long. 14902llW. ;liTE DIZI; F!AIUBES OR IIRVCTUR§Si 'JTE IYPE/FUNCIIQN: Riverine; Wet Tundra; Located on Healy D-5 quad. D§PTH Ql P~fQll~/~YMBE! QF §T&ATA:. See attached xerox sheet. end or record ~JigJ.. JJUtS files Holmes. Charles E. 1975 (~ite not found in thie lJUUQPLSl Ql ~~YJ!ATIONlEMl~ .AUJ.LI~1!91il Q.ff il iat.ion .£::lt~.RAill .. lU!g,yDE LA! f W. Mt\'WYJk))ATEDtt C2EU..~! re&atjjng 44~.1.11!.: prehistoric eit~ Jl.Jbitat: prehistoric of unknown Ueocuc 2!t.JJS(iS IJJJi an~ atsacbl: Lat. 63S031N, Long, 1490312W. S~e Healy D-5 quadrangle. Sll:l §JZJ; lJATtntls 21 u1ucm&1:.. §III TXPI/fYUCIION~ nll!A Ql DIPOSJI/JYMIEk Q[ STRATA: end of record -.. - ... .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I -I I -I .UUi~Jl..!al. AlUlS .filoa Rolmes, Charl~s E. 1975 (site not found in thia prehistoric site 12n1 tgo l ,.l. ~Ol.O~WJli£ §§'ti~NG/ ENVIRONM!NJAL UNIT: B!-"iU.t.:. <L9stts on P§~i maP apd attash2: Lat. 63 53 48N, Long. 1490310. §III SJ&E: IMTY!IQ •. QL~lVCTUJ!§: §111 IXJE/FUDCIIO!i ~iliB Q[ DEPjtlii/NVHJIR~STRATA: end of record prehistoric of unkno"in See Healy D-5 quadrangle. uu-oos. Mercer Hill f~~li., AHRS filell Bolmet. Charles E. 197 5 ( aite not found in thh li.UQ:D{!) m: ,,Q£g}J,PJ\'U2NL 8..'.flt,1C. AE~!:&IA.tlQN i i>il'ti.i.i•tion prebimtoric site D.P.nt .t2.9.1• t IQP.~~~~c SltiiH9/EN~IROHME~TAL ~!IL J!f.ll itA t : prehistoric of unknown !L2~1'1 2~ Y§GS maP apg attaebL: See Healy D-5 quadrangle. Lat. 6353208 1 Long. l490600W, ~~~11 SIZ§: ~~YJ!S ~R §TiYCI~!IIi .~.!I§. IXPElf!lNCIJOH: DEfiH Of.QifYi!1l!YHftER Of STBATA: 'Preeenee of grganie. &ensea o;: tephra): end of record .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .... - - §l:tf!..lL~!!f:.t HE/\~·009 • H!A-9 ~.!mi.~ AKRS files Holmes, Charles E. 1975 (ai.te not found in t:hio prehistoric site Bone !CQO h,i ~OfO!fRAPUtC S~tTING/ENYIBQNM!NTAL UNIT: Hapi,tat; (Locate on Y§QS maP and atttchl: Lat. 635330N, Long. 1490615W, ~n·E 111~~ F~AIYIES QR STRY9IYRE~: §11'1 TYPg/ftTtf~IXON; ~§liB OF DIPQSJTlNUMBER Qf SIIATA: end of record prehiatorie of unknown Located on Healy D-5 quad. AHlS file~ Holtt.~eia, Charles E. 1975 (site not fom1d in thiu prehbtoric of unkn JWil prehistoric site l:~.JBW!§ (AttACH CO]J Ql JltAGJiOSIIL~1It:A .. <;:l'1U_t iiJLm!ttr!al.!iY~IIttx; U!!HA!t MH6ll!.t ll.2.U .. 12.P l! ~. I2lP!iWJ!IC sm;ING/IN!IJONM!Hl'J+L !Jl!II.L I.!Pitau (Locatt on USGS lfR lid t£tashlL L:,t. 635549N, Long. 1490545W. 111.1 §I,§:. i:FAJJmliS 21 SIRYCTU8§S :, .§IIJ DlllMC1IQH: Located on Healy D-5 quAd. R.EliLOl Dll.QSU/NYMII&.Ql S'J;JlATA:. !li!•tns• of oraanis l•n•s• gr &!Pbral: end of record - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - REA-014~ Coyote Creek Site AHB.S file:& Rolmea, Charles E. 1974 (site not found in thi~ prehistoric uf unkru.>\>m prehistoric aite 1UJ!IC J,\f!fAINI (!WeB. COfY Of P!&'GMQSTIC AllTIFACTS) :_ Uuivermity of Al4aka Museum, FAirbanks • .I.Of9GMPHIC UTl'IrtG/ENVIRQNMENTAL UNit; I!,.abitet: Collection e.t .{,Lpcate on U§{jS mae and tttachl :. Located on Healy D-4 quad. Lat$ 634802N, Long& 1485532W. Lest than 1 acre FWtm.ls og SIRJlg!.tlllli ~!2!U. DlliH 2l RlfO§tT/NVMBIB Ql §TRATA: ~,b'eteneg of SLtt~atc }enf!/IS o.x tephra) : end of record AIU\S files Rolmeo. Charles E. 1975: 2 .fJ!!.LQP..~§2 Q):_0,£9.YIA~l9"il~~ AUilJA..'l'l9~: prehistoric of unknown. Qffilietion; prob4ble relationship to Dry Creek sequenc~ 5J.::]JL.P,Alti { !!fm&UlLJAB t. A!.\1., MA,TEIVt~ QAIE\1) ,: £.~\lllJ:!L4&:9il\& 9!t!Ut,;, prehietoric sit~ *~l£_~~l~J !AXtACH popy Q[ PI!~HOS11C AS~I[A~T~l~ Lithic matetiat included: a biface fragment with polished edge and tip; blade ti\e~DU!Ilts; a tiny conical mieroblade core; retouchf!d flakes; and unmodified waste flakes. Location of collection unreported. chert, chalcedony t:OPOs;!IJl\lHIC, SE1'Il!C!lJNVll<l!RJEtJTAL UNIT: J!tbitl,t: U&c!~! 2n Jl&Sii map and gttach): Located 350 meters we6t of the Anchoraae/Fairbanks highway and SE of Otto Lake on Healy D-5 quad. Lat. 6l5008N, tons. 1490050W. .$JIE 81,~: L~TYJJfl QR ~IB[~IY§ES: surface lithic scatter aingle eomponenet camp~ite of abort duration Site surface collected only. ~lr!tenee of grganie lenses O£ tephra}; end of record ... - ... .. ... ... - ... - - - - - - - - - - - AHR.S files Holmes, Charles !. 1975: 2 ~tm!.Qfl~S) 9lt ,Ot;((UPb;T_t.~,.LE11U!IC AEFJ\t!,AII,ON,t liffil ia tion. prehistoric eite pTehistoric of unknown !JJlliC &EM.t.~a <m.&q,!..CQPX .2[ .,ll!AGHQSTIC ur.rrAcish Lithic mat~rial included: larae flakea; biface fragment; blade-like fl~kes; and flake cores. The majority of the matrial w.u left in situ on the expoeed surface. A &~all collection was made but the lo:ation was unn~ported • . Bsns .to9lu. - TOPOGjAfH!C SETTING{ENVIRONMENTAL ijN!T: Hab&S•.t: ~Lgsate on U~GS mfR 'ng attfcb): Located near the SE end of Otto Lake on Healy D-5 quad. Lat. 635014N, Long. 1490122W. §.IIi §IZE: 15 by 15 meters A large surface lithic scatter. ~-IIPE/fVNCIIO!; campsite and possible lithic workshop • end of record 'HEA-020 , Otto Lake Lodge AlUtS files Holmes, Ctarleo E. 1975: 3 U!lQP...l~L..2[ Q£CUU.?:JQN/ §T.H!UC A[EILI£\TIPJl.i.. protohiatoric Athabatcan. C2wment~ r~~I9inL~~~~~; !lT! TYP~t prehistoric eit.e prehistoric, possibly lJ..Uilt;: J!ItH/!.Iti§ '.AT1A£H £QfY OF Q.lAGHQSTl<f_.ARTl[ACT.§l.i.. Lithic material included: large flakes; retouched flakea; end scrapers; boulder 1pall acraperu (tchi-tho); and fire-cracked rock. A surface collection was mad~ but the depository was unnamed. ~on~ .tog,!f) :. IQ.~OG&/tPHlC §m!NG/E!VIRONMEHIAL Jmii: Site i.a located on a dune formation which ie vegetated with spruce trees. \Loct~g on YSGS map ang gttach): Located near Otto Lake Lodge overlooking the lake fro• the weS't shore on Healy D-S quad. Lat. 635023N, Long, 1490225W. ~IIE SI;,:. t:IAtm.\ES O,ll §IRUClqi!S: A lithic scatter .JJ.lTJt.lllE[Em!CTIOH; campsite nlfTH 01 DEPQSIT/NUMBEg Qf STRATAl Site was surface collected only. Holmes reports the possibility the site could be stratified. end of record - - - - - - - - - - - - AHRS files UolmtH:!• CharJ.em E. 1975: 4 t§R1Q12i!L.QF OCCUPA'u;,ON/ ETlfNl£, AlflJ::IATION :_ llllff i1 iation prehistoric site .Y.I!LIC, g!fAI!i§ .. \AIIACH COfX OF DIAGNOSTIC MtlfACTS2 t Lithic mate~ial included: a few flakes; 2 end scrape~$. A collection was made but "o d~pository was named. T0f.9G~PHIC SJTTINGliNVIRONMENTAL UNIT: end t!lorraine. J!bitat; Site located on a glacial (Locate on YSGS !fR and attach): Located 1/2 mile from the Anchorage/Fairbanks highway on the north edge of the Healy end morraine on Healy D-4 quad. Lat. 635100N, Long. l485953W. S.ff,J SI~EL 1~ATURES ib~ SIRUCTYRES: lithic scat tet" ,SITE IXPE/[1l,!CTI9l!.t isolated surface finds indicating limited activity of very ehort duration. D!?TH QF DEPOSITLNYHBER OF STRATA; Site was surface collected. end of record AHRS files Holm@e, Charles E. 1975: 4 .f.Ji!Pl?ill_QE Q£.g].Wiot!ff:IJmi!i. A[FILY,.TlQ.~ &liff i.Ha.tion prehistoric of unknown - - - - - ,~\Q.BI!Al!§ 1AI!A~H COPY OF DIAGNO§TlC AB~~[ACTS); Lithic • utet'ial included: flaking debris. A collection was probably made but the depository ia unnamed. Qabittt: (Lgcate gn USQS mAP apd tttach): Four surface localities 1/2 mile aou.th of the Healy "roundhouse" adajaeent to the railroad oppoeite the mouth of the Healy Riv4r. Site ie on Healy D-4 quad. Lat. 635049N. Long. 1485649W. !W St~lt 1~2Ri§ OB IIIVCIYRES; Four surface lithic scatters. poeaible campsites Site waa surface collected only. end of J:ecord - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .... - ~ DER~tiC_f~. AH.RS filea Holmes, Charlea E. 1975: 4 mJ.QD~ ~}._or. Q~ClL~ATtON/ rnunc AftlltlA'rtQlll. affiliation prehistoric oite prehistoric of unknown Llt!UC lQIAlNS.,ATtA,Cli £0ll.Ol DlAyJQSIIt; A@IIVCIS); Lithic material included:· flakes; a large biface. Unclear if this site was surface collected. The large biface was basalt. D9Jl,e too 1 s : TOPOGRAfH!C ~!TTtNG/ENVIRONM!NTAI. UNIT: ijabittt.; (LQc§.t!, qn USG§ up and attach): Located 1/8 mile north of VABM 1939 on Garner Kill. Site is on Healy D-4 quad. Lat. 635011N, Long. 1485822W. liTE St;E: f§ATYRES og STipCtuRES: Lithic scatter iii§. TYPILFtJNCTION: campsite, probably of abort duration Sit~ surface investigated only. end of record - £RlS filea a ... ,lcu!te; Charie' S. 197): 5 - lll.t2P!i.l 91-~..UJUUC .Alllk!AI1.Q!J_ prehi.nori<; of unknown llffiliatiou; probably related to the Dry Creek seqututc:e - prahiatoric ei~e ~Jr[Bl~ REHA,l~S (~H.£QlX 0( DfAGHQSTIC AIIIfACL~l Lithic material included: a biface frapent; conical microh lade core (with ro~ated platform)j retouched flakes. It is unclear if a surface collection was ~\de. J..Ql.QiMPRIC SE'l'IImf/EN!£IltOfiHifflAL UNII: Bapilat: (L,Qcats gn J1§9S !W'L$M Attt£bl..i. Located on the Healy end moraine just south acro1a Dry Creek from HEA-005. Site located on Healy Dn5 quad. Lat. 635202N. Long. 1490155W. UT§ S,I2;rt: IMTJ.JRIS Ql SIRJ!CIYRlS :. lithic scatter campaite of short duration Q§fTH Ql PIPOSII[NUMBER OF StRATA: only. Site was surfece investigated er..d of r~cord - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .2.1Ilt..!ie""""! : lm!ll~]l. ARit.S file~ Plaek.ett~ 0. C. 1976; S, 12 ~J._Qt. OCCUfAIIQ.~U (!HNt£__mr.;p . .AIJ.OP...;. aff il. iatiou preh iatoric of 1.mkno'"n .~ pTehbtorie site LITHIC ~~\!§ ~~ACR CQPY Ol PI~QN~STIC A&Tl[AfJS1: Collection a.t University of Alaska Museum. Fairbanke: UA 76 172. Moist Tundra Habi~at: (Lge§te on USGS map and @ttaFh2L Lat. 635135N, l.ong. 1490020W. Located on Realy D-5 quad. .§!liE ;nzE: I~§S QR §TlU~I~ JIT! IXP!/lY!CTION: ~~liD OI Q!PqSli/NWK~.OF ~T&AT!: end of record mJL!Wf.Q.Y...!QJl! !JL~mA, I1-l.l'{MiL,j\!!i!tt:! PAQ.J.ill AHS.S fi!ea Plaskett, D. c. 1976: 5, 12 l!.,J&.ru.J.l ... QI. O!(~ttrl\l'~O~{UJ!NIS( AJ:F.IJt!AT!Q.~ wffilia.tion prehistoric of unknown prehittoric 1it6 YDUS£ Ul1AlNI. ~AIU.C1i • ..£Qll Qf R!AQP.PSTJJ;; .MI.I[A£IS): Collection at University of Alaska Museum, fairbanks: UA 76 173. .l2.n! tgols: JQF9Q!APRIC, §IItiN¥/ENYIRONMEHIAL »MIT: Spruce Forelt 'Loc§te qn 2§2S liP and IGtash): Lat. 635355N, Long. 149031t0N. tHtE SIZE.: IIAIURE§ 0~ ST&VCTURES: ~ITI IYPB/FUNCtiONL lUltiH PF pEPQ§tTINYHIEI Of STRATA: end of t•ecord Moist Tundra; Lowland Located on Healy D-5 quad. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - !~.J.. HEA-034 t llEA-34 W-UiiUCI.i. AHRS files PltU'ik.<iltt) D~ C. 1976: 5. 12 prehistoric site LID!!' .l\!UA.lW!.iA~Agl £QPY OllH/&NQ§IIC M,TlfA£.'W.1.. Uuivertity of Alaska Muaeum. Fairbanka: UA 76 174. tOPOGRAlHlQ_iE!IING/ENVIRQNMENIAL UNIT: ~ Moist Tundra Collect.ion at (Loea&e 2n USQS m!P and ''~ach): Located on Healy D-5 qu.ad. Lat. 635315N, Long. 1490225W. SXIJ SIZE; tQTyBES QR ST&JIC'UJ&!S: axx1 IXPillYBCTJON: DIPIH OF_DEfQSit/NYHJER OF SI!ATA: (Pre•sacs of OT&anic lnnet• or tgphra}: end of record ,MJ;[lfi-~~. ·Hr.A-035, Pangui.nt;ul! Creak 2 !fJL~ AHRS files Pla•kett, D. c. 1976; 5, 12 preh ist or ic of unknown prehistoric site YtiD&. aw~us (ATTACH gQPY. 2l QIA_GNO~'I'IC AJl.1JlliJ'!l..t University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanka~ UA 76 175. Collection at T.9fQGMEJ!lC SEIT,UJ.Gl ENVIRPID!IHl':Y• yt!lT: SpructJa 1ox·est ~Lo£ats 2e ysq§ maa and tttachl: Lat. 6354SSN, Long. 1490530W. .litE_ SIZ.E: w~:rvus 21. snu~JmES: !I.l'E IXPil l!JfflCilQtJ;. .Di.J'II QI PIPQ1l:UJ11MID Of QIM'U: end of record Moist Tundra; Lowland Located on Healy D-5 quade - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .... - - Jllf~l~ ).J.f'JJ\JlNS:..l.t HEA-036, HEA-36 AilRS f il elil Pl4sk~tt, D. C. 1976: 5, 12 ~~CJD!ATIO![.lTHNtC .AU.lll4:1'101~: affiliation pr&hi~toric of unknown prehistoric aite L,l'l'RJC$ B!l!AJNS (Al'W.H, COfi Qf l)IAGNOS11C .MT1[6Cl]U i University of Alaska Museum, fairbanks: UA 76 176. l9,ne toole: Moist 1'undra Rabitah: Collect ion at (Locate Q~ USGS maP and tttach): Located on Het1ly D-5 quad. Lat. 635940N, Long. 1490445W. JITE §lZE;_ l!AIY!IS OR STJYCJYRES: SITI TYEILFONCTXQ'; D§PIJJ Of R~lOSIT{NYMJ}§I 0[ ,STRATA.: ( rresence of 2tsanic ,l,gn§~· or .. teghrf): end of record AKRS files Plaakett 3 D. c. 1976: 5, 12 prehistoric aite ~29.! t,.gg h : .. 1PPQGR6l!IC JIIIl~9/ENVltONMENTAL YHIT: Spruce Forest ,l!abitet,;.. !Locate 2n YSGS map aqd ·~~a:h~: Let. (35905N, Long. 1490850W. §!II SlZii.. fmPlU!i§ 9JLSI,UC'J;UJU~S: !Ill IIPt/FQ!CtiQH; ~~ OF ~ElPSlT{NYH§~R Ql StRATA: end of record p:rehbtoric of unknCl'il'tl Collection at Moist Tundra; Lowland Located on Healy D-5 quad. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I .n.n .IWB.:. ~IFD&4Ctt.:~ HF~-038, Littl~ Panguingue Cre~k AiRS f il e~J Plaskett, D. C. 1976: 5, 12 prehistoric of un~Lo~n prehistoric site IDJUC .MJ1A.IN§ !AtTAC§ con Pl..Rl4~!2V'.I£ A&TIU~I~lL University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks: UA 76 178. CoLlect3 an at IOP9GJ!APHIC .S§TTINGL §lfVIJ!ONgNTAL WI'f t Spruce Porest HJb~~at L (H9sats. on YSG§ !IP aud attaehl: Lat.. 635600N, Long. 1490620W. SttE SIZJ:. FM,l't!liS . OR. Sl'RYCIUM!l. !liliYPJ/lVNOIJON~ l!lml OF PBPOSIT,[NTJMBBR Ql STMIA: end of rec.or~ Moist Tundra; Lowland Located on Healy D-5 q~sd. AHRS fil ~1:4 Orth, D. J, 196 7: 57 S SITE TYPE; ..... __,_._,.,,,,,~ prehistoric ~ita Habitat: !I'll!!-- u,ocpt~ on USGS map ag_d attach2 :. Located at Hile 363 .3 on thl~ Alnaka Railroad; located 4 miles north of Healy; located on Healy D-~) quad. Lat. 635430N, I.ong. 1490110W. ~U'E Sl&li .. -.. - -.. - - - - - .fJA-x:DE.S Ol., SIRUCTURi~J .. !JT~ .XTPE{Fyt(CTIOtH. station of the Alaska Railroad. - - end of record - - - , ... ,. - - - ..... - - - - M!RS f il t?S holmes,J Charles E, 1975: 6 Plaskett, C. D. 1976 (site not found in this referenre) Pf.~i!L-Qr_Qr,CQl~J(l9N[gill~lC_AFFILtATION: affili~:i~t,ion prehistoric site prehistoric of unknown ill!UC R~JJ!3JATTACH CO~Y OF DIAGNOS'l'!..~. ARJJ.F..4.£J:S): Coll-ac:tion at. University of Alaska Museum. Fairbanks. !9.~Q.GRAfHJS.:J..ETT!NGf ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT: ijabita~ :_ iLoette on Y~GS m12 and att&£h): Lat. 634808N. Long. 1485607W. Lesi than 1 acre EMTID!f;§ OR §IfttiCTURI§ l SXTE t!fi/FUNCTION: D~PTH Ol DEPOSIT/HUMB!R QF_STRATA: Upland Sp~uce Forest. Located on Healy D-4 quad. l~rea,ence of otganic h;nses or tephra):. end of record AHRS f ilea histot'ic 6ite l,i.abita.u i1.9.MC:ft8 qq,,.Q'SGS mae fUd attac,h£: Located at Mile 347.9 of the Ala.oka Railroad. Site located on Healy c-4 Quad. Lat. 634840N. Long. 1485500W. - - - - - - - - - FEATQRE~.PR STRUCTURES: In 1926 a depot formerly located at Windy - Station waa reconstructed at McKinley Park Station. A new depot was built in the early 1940#a. Alaska Railroad depot - - end of record - - - - - ~I - HU-016 • Moody 'fu!HtP,!l ("furm.;::l 8) AHRS files J!~JQJll§LOF O££YPl\'f!QNL~TJi.!i!P Afi?!LJATIJh":!.L AD 1920-21, Etu:c-lmterica.o historic st~uctur.e 'FAUNAL REMAINS: Bone tools: 19POGRAPH~C SETTINQ/ENVIRONMENTAL ~~IT:. Habit.!U (l:ecete on !JSGS up an,P.. atta<Ull.L Located at Mile J 53 .6 of tht'! Alaska Railroad. Site is located on Healy C-4 Quad. Lat. 634817N, Long. l485558W. SITE SIZE: Tunnel ia 262 feet in length. [gATURE~ OR §J'RU~TURESj, Alaska Railroad tunnel 262 feet in length. Snowsbad eets, portal sets, tunnel seta. On 10 degree curve. 70# inner guard rail. Alaska Railroad tunnel 12!fi.H .• OF D~.POSIT[NYM.IEJ\ OF STRATA: end of record HEA-071 > tunne 1 9 ,!JiR S f il tHl bistot:ic 11 ite FAUHAL REMAINS: ------ ~~p~ate on US~S map and attach): Located at Mile 354.7 of the Alaak•l Railroad~ Site is located on Healy D-4 Quad. Lat. 63l~858N, Long. l485707W. l!'l'tt. ... ~.IjE;,. Tunnel is 517 feet in length. LF~)qREl.OR §TRUCIURgS: Railroad tunnel wa• used from 1921 until it was reportedly abandoned after a cave-in iu the early 19lt0' s. Tunne 1 i8 517 feet in length. §JTE.TYPE/FYH~TION: Alaska Railroad tunnel end of record - -.. -.. - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - AMRS files AD 1921, Euro-anun:· icl'!n historic 8tructurc Habitat: {Loc,~s on USGS m!e 4nd attach): Located at Mile 356.2 of the Alaska Railroad. Site is located on Healy D-4 Quad. Lat. 635000N, Long. 1485818W. ~lT~ ~I~E: Tunnel i.e. ';QS feet in length. fJ!\Tl!!\EZ! Ol,aD.!Cf\11!:.. Railroad tunnel is on 3 degree 15 minute to 5 degree to 10 degree to 4 degree to 4 degree 30 minute curve to right .. Superelevatiou carries through tunnel. No inner guard rail. New north portal in 1971 by Rock Contractor. Plans to daylight. §liE IXPE/lVNCllQN: Alaska Railroad tunnel ~ QF DEPO$,II/NUMBER OF STRAT~: end of record .tWl.QP.i§.L.Ql~mfCtJ~A.,TlQN£ wrmn.i; t\J.Il!J~!lQ!lJ.. P.:1n" c~·amer ican historic site Bone tools: _.___,,_.. ... Habitst: ~~~ate on USGS,map_Jgd ttttcbl: Located at Mile 355.7 of the Alaaka R.a.ilrolj.d. Site i.s located on Healy D-4 quad. Lat. 634930N, Long. 1485 83 O'W. ill:t: .§lZE~ VIA Tya§S QB SIRUCTUlt§S :, Probably contains remains of structures. ~~II IIPB/FU!QIIOH: A former camp, established for tunnel work on the Alaska Railroad. end of record .. .. -.. .. .. .. - - - - - - - - AD l9ZO, Euro-al.1HH~ i.can hi.atoric eite .!lone tools: Habitat: (~cate q,n USGS ma2 ;and !lttach): Located at Mile 338.2 of the Alnska Railroad. Site is located on Realy D-4 quad. Lat. 615130N, Long. 1485800W. SITE SIZE: Probably contains remaius of strueture5. SIT§ TYP§lF:YHCTI01f:. Oi.ficially named "liealyu in March 1920, this station vae a ujor construction base in the Fairbanks Division of the Alatkan Engineering Commission. The station is located in the heart of the Nenana coal fields. A spur was constructed to t.he mines of the Healy River Coal Corporation mines. DEPTH OF PEPO~IT/NUMBER 0[ SIRATA~ ( Pret,ence of organic lert~.e.s .. or teJ2hra} i end of record JfJIU:.s:m.t!L. O:t" ~.:?.1\TI..Q}f{ l;TlUll~J.tFI,L~ATIO!f_: i;::.l!t.lll\.TI.t!Lill~. Id}Jl t Aml. MATERIAl:.. PAT ED} : hist~ric atrueture Habitat~ - i.t.~c!'\.~e 2l\ •• ilfiSiS 'lll&J? !,nd attacnJ: Loc.atad at Mile 360.9 of the Alaska Railroad~ Site is located on Healy D-4 qu.sd. Lat. 635307N, Long. 1485535\11. SI'l'i S!ZE: ~-" ..... .. FEATURES OR STRUCTURES: Bridge fabricated by American Bridge Company and installed during construction of the Alaska Railroad. Bridae consists of four bents. concrete abuttments, three 60·foot thru girders. and 70# inner guard rail. !~Tl.llfllFYNCil~·t Alaska Railroad bridge P.iPTH~Pl DEPQSIT[NYMBER OF, STRATA: (Pr6pence of organ~G lenses or tephra): enc of record - - - - - -.. .. - .. .. - - - - - - - - - AHRS !:'ile hiBtoric site Raw materjp~ diversity: E~UNAL REMAINS: IQRQGRAPlUC ~ETTtNCL ENVtRON~MTAI. UNIT: {Locate on USGS W!P and att,chlt Located at Mile 4~6 of the Healy Branch of the Alaaka Railroad. Site is located on Healy C-4. I.at. 635230N. Long. 1485045W. ~JTE .s~z~=~ f~!UR!S OR STRUCTURES: §ITE TXPE[FUNCTION: Station of the Alaska Railroad, established in late 192 2, vhen the Alaska Engineering Commission con·structed a spur from Healy to the important mines of the He.lly River Coal Corporation. !~r~,ance of organic lenses or ~ephra):. end of record AHRS file historic sttucture (LQ~~!a Q~ U~GS man ~qd attQch): Suntrana Branch of the Alaska Rail road. quad. lat. 635145N, Long. l485445W. J.U..I! s I, z:t; : L~cated ~t 00.95 of the Site is located on Healy D-4 f~~TUIU~§ OR STRUCTURES: Four bents, concrete abbuttments. Concretf: piers. One 240-foot thru truss, and two 80-foot thru girder<;. Sidewalk outside girder9 and truso with handrail on right side. Spurce deck for highway use, removed in 1972. Thru girders were fabricated by the American Sr!dge Company and installed during construction of the Alaska Railroad. Thru truss wae fabficated by Pacific Car & Foundry and installed in 1951. Original truss wae washed out. §JTE TYf!Lt:UNCTION: Bridge for the Aheka Railroad and highway. DEt1H OF DEPOSIT/NYMBER 0~ STRATA: end of record - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I AliRS fit~ historic structure ~O~Q~RA~~IC SETTINGf~~VIRON~~NT~L YNIT: !!!Bit at: !~cf£e on USGS map and @ttach}: Located at Mile 352.7 of the Alaska Railroad. Site i9 locatd on ~ealy D-4 quad. Lat. 6149SON, Long. 1485530W. SITE SIZE:, F!ATURES QR. STRUCTURES: Fifteen bents. Concrete piers. One 60-foot dec' girder. Nine 14-foot wood trestles. Vulcan 12. pitE TY~ELFUNCIION: Alaska Railroad bridge. Bridge fabricated in 1925 by American Bridge Company; it was installed in 1944. PJP!H QF D!PO§JT/NUMBgR OF S!~~TA: ( Prese11.ce of organic lenses ur teEh.rs.l_: .. end of record AHRS filet~ Matheson~ J. 1981: Plaskntt, D. C. l976: 12 historic site ·rpJq~~PHIC SETTINC{ENVIRONME~crAt yYIT: Spruce Forest Habitat: (Locate on USGS tnaR and a.,ttach2: Lat. 635430N, Long. 14·90 110 • .§!]..! .. .§ IZE 1.. ~IURJS,O~ SIRUCTYiES: !!1~.TJlELF~710fti Jt!tiJI Of DER,QSJTl N.Y!m~R. OF StaA1'f1: end of record - - - -Euro·-amet' ican - - - - Moi~t Tundt:'4; Lowland ... Located on Healy D-5 quad. - ... ... ... - ... - - - .... ..... HEA-10 9, 11iaon Gu lc.h St . .ARRS files Bower !I ~ ? • ! 979 f.~RIQP! ~LQL OCC!JPi\,TIQ..!51 E'l'lUac Aill1llliQ~.l aff ilistiou SITE TYPE; -.;woo~-prehistoric sita Bone tools: ]lQ?OGRAPHIC .~~TT~q/ENVIRONMENTAL UNIT: {1QCf'iJ!_ 2n USGS ma_e._e,nd aq:achL;_ Lat. 634813N, Long. 1485728W. SITE SIZE: Less than 1 acre f.EAIURES,OR STRYCTURES: SIT~ TYPELFUNCTION: DEPTH OF DEPOSIT{NUMB!J Of STRATA;,_ Riverine; Alpine TunJra Located on Healy r-4 quad. {Presence .9..f otgtpic lenses or tephra) L end of rac:ord AHRS file~ :t?~.~ . .Htl?!J.!LQ.f. QCCt!ftU.l~.LJ.Tlj~J.~.)}FfJlJ~!I.Q.~l:-Sl? 56 ~0, p:rch .~;toric of tm~·rw~u £ffiliation prehistoric site !&I!llQ._"£t!l~iL.l4.IT.A~Jl ~~.QPY Qt:. ]lAQNOSTIC ART!Ft\;CTn~ tlniversity of Alaska Museum, Fairbani:!l. Collenion at TQP9.~9. §?TT.ING/ tiNV~S9NMENTA~ UNIT: Riverine; Upland S~ruc! Forest HAbitat: (bosate ~q qsc~ maa ang lttachl: Located on Healy D-5 quaj. Lat. 63544BN. Loog. 1490535W. !_!TE SIZE: Less than 1 acre .. F,U.TURIS QR ~TRU~TUR!§: SITE TYr~iiYNCTAO!L DEPTH Of QJ.POSII[~B§l ~F StRATAl end of record ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .U~ mm.~.~:.. prehistoric site prehiltO"tit of unknown .L!~ awn•s ~ATT~£tl. CQPY or ptA.QNQSTic Ai'f.Jf.f\CTSl:.. Univ~rsity of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks. Collection ,g,;_ §onf! tgglf!: X1U!QCMPBIC smiNG{ENVIR!»jMENTAL UNIT: Upl6nd Spruce Forest HabiSJ.t~ (Lost£• gn YIG§ !YR and §ttac~l: Lat. 635534N. Long. 1490045W. Leu than 1 acre DA.'JllBES OR STiUJCTU(\ES ~ SITI IYPElFUHCTlQI: ~f!B 0[ QIPOStT/NYMBEl 0[ §!!6TA: end of record Riverine; Alpine Tundra; Located on Healy D-5 quad. .u!:Jil. TKtfJ.£ A[fll·lflilQ.t!;. prahi~toric of unknovn Z~ffil b.tion prehiatoric site 1!D!l~ !1UfAl!'Jl,,(6I,TA,C!ll. C.OPT QF DIAGNOSlJC A!U'.~fACISl :. University of Alaska. Fairbanks. Col ler.tion at I91QQ!APB!C llTTIN~JHYIRQNMEUJAL YHII; Upland Spruce Foreat Riverine: Alpine Tundra; Ht2it4.t: i19Sitl gn V§GS mtR tn4 attach): Lat. 635440N. Lona. 1485920W. Less than 1 acre fEAIYIII OR STIYCIUJES: .Ul1 UPJt/I'JmctiON i ~EEIH or RllQIII/NYMJgR Of SIBATA: Located on Healy D-4 quad. if.I.!.!.!.n..£1 of.. Qtsanie ltn!!1.,9I. t,eph£a~: end of record - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JUIAJ.W!ZiL Mf~J;U.CE..L prehist~ric site ~~£ I~HAtU§ 1AII6£R.£0fl qx DtAvNQ§1tc.~~t~,~~L Univetaltl of Altaka Muaeum, faitbauka. CoU.ection at 1AlfflAL REMAINS: ~toole: TOFOGIAfJIC S§IIINGlENVIRONHINTAL VNII; Uplau4 Spruce Foreat Habitat: ~Lgsatg os U§G§ !!2 iPd ttttch): Lat. 635510N, Long. 148572SW. Leas than ! acre ~91 SilUCTyags: §liB IlfB/FVftCTlO!L I!Jt:PIJI Ql. D§fO§IUNOOER Qf STMTA;, end of record Riverine, Koiot TundrR; Located on Healy 0-4 quad. prehistoric aite 1..UBI~ REMINS_{ATTACH SOP!. QF PIAQHOSTl,C AiilfA.CTI,l,: Collection at Univereity of Alaska Museum: Fairbanks. .U.UNAL REMAIN§: tOPQ~!AfH!C SEtTtNG/§N!lRONMENIAL UNIT: Fore at Jltbitet: (Locate op QSQ§ MR !Del attacb}: Lat. 635440N, Long. 1485840W. Sll'l SJZ§: Lese than 1 acre !IAIUR!S ~~ STRY~trm1s: §11! IIEE/FUNCIIOHl Dllii OF DEPOSIT/NPH!ER OF §TRAT~ end of record Riverine; Upland Spruce Located on Healy D-4 quad. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ji!D-l!A.l1AL !1~. H.!A-142 ... ignite Creek V AHRS fi.lea ~.!Q!~~).Ol~O£~vPATJ2NL§IBNtC.Altl~ affiliAtion prehistoric of uakaawu SJD TYPJt prehi1toric site !JTHI£ .I!MAINS (t\TTAC)J COPY OF QIAGHOST!£ MTlJACill.t University of Alaaka Museum. Fairbanks~ Collect ion on IQPOQMPBI!i SIUINfi/EJ!YlRONMJJIIAL UNIT: r."1,ve:rine; A tpine TundJ:a; Upland Spruce Foreet ~L2~!S! ,og U§9§ S&P tnd @t~i£h): Lat. 635350N. Long. 1485815W. L~•• than 1 acre PIA1'J1JU 0& ST@.tlCTYJI@: §III IJEilFUH~IJOii ~FIB Of_RJPO@II/!YHJII Ql SI!A!At Located on Healy D-4 qu~d. iP&:u.Jns;t g£_ eratni~ ... l!uat.•-JU'. tmel.u: ~2.:. end of record JUDL~,~ REVVREWC/8: ><~~~ .. ~~~ ........... UEA··l90, Otto Lake Ro«td Site Auas file prehistoric aite pr~historic of unknown l flake grey coarse-grained chert I.Q.f0Gf!APBI£. . .i!tiitJG/ EtJVIRQNtfE!IAL tr!Ul.t RJb\tat: Moist Tundra {k2s•t! en uggs 112 and ''ttch); N!l/4,SWl/4,NWl/4,Sec.25,Tl2B,R8W Rea!y D-4 quad. Site is located 1,000 feet north of Otto Lake P.oad bed, 4 km west of Otto Lake. Lat. 6350SON, Lona. 1490240W. lY.IU&IS .21 'ISVCIJm&J.: .. §!II IIlllfQN~lQ!; prehiftoric eite U1IH QF 91POillltiWIU Pl. U'MTA: end of record - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .!.U'ft ~t FAl-010 • C!t:HU." 1it~.£!:L AH.RS f i 1 ee Orth, D. J. 1967: 222 mi.Q.Pt§L.Qt P.P!(YfAilOJ:f1Jl'!D!IC AU..IltiAIION:. AD 1918, .Euro-amer icau Q-J!t .PJ.ll§ tt.Ii~l L,6B, I. AND tf,ATIRIAI. RAT~Pl.t historic aite R!! l!terial diversity: IQ~QQ&APUlC ~~TTING/!NVl&ONHINTAL QNITi Jlibittt: U&ccJtf on YSGS map ang as;tcbl: Located Qt Mite 392.9 of' thfl Alaeka lailtoa4; alao. 16 miles south of Nenana. Located on Fairbanks B-5 quad. !UIL.SIZl.t IJAIUII§ QR SI!USTYR§St ~JTB IXPILfYlCIIOJ; Alaaka Railroad station RilD. Qf R.WJ l'J[l(UMIQ 2l §'I:RAU.t (J!ru.ucJ ... 2,~.2I.&tnis l.u.sta su: URbt!l.: end of record FA.I-011 J Ch~erta 'l'ownsitc AlliS filtH; Ortb, D. J. 1967: 203 .~.!QR{S,l,..Q.[, Q.C,C[PA'ClRNl.EDJ!il£ AF.f!LI,Al~Q.!l. .~:.. ~~§ < tm;lJmtt Wi ~ft.P_t!ATRRID~..RAl'E~2 ; histQric sit~ AD 1903 • Eur.o-amer ican ~qPQG!Al.llC tETTI~~lJNVIROHHJNTAL UNIT: Riverine; Bottomland Spruce Forest Jla]?itat: (Lgsate gn USGS map tDd tttasb}: Located on the north bsnk of thlf! tanana River • 1 mile vest of the mouth of the Chene River and 7 miles SW of Fairbanks. Site located on Fairbanks D-2 quad. ~..In .316!.~ E&liO&Ii QR ll!UCIYJJ!L i.U:I IXG/lY.tiCIIOJ!.~ aouth terminus of the Tanana Valley Rail r.oad P!lD! Qf PVQ§l'[/NYJ1iER Ol STWAi U!rt•umst .. Rf. su:aasis lint~• or ttP.lU"Jl :. end of record - - - ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I - I -I _I I I -I _r -I ,l.ULtwf.it !l'fiR.~Jtq;~ AHJlS f il au Or t h ~ t> • J • 1 967 : 17 3 P.J!~Ql?i!l. . .QI, .Q!!®WlQUfA!WiJ& • .A\liLIA'f!...Qli..L AD 1916, !uro-amet> ic<1n £=.l!t .. J!il1U.J I,&:LtJPI !AI f Am! !!U~R~A_L l2AIJPl..L historic site .f.AYJ.!AJ_. R!M4INS: TQPP~~PBIC SETTitiQ/ENVIRQNMENIAL yNlT: Upland Spruce Forest Hab!,tat;:.. !LQCf£! qn U§GS.a!R an4 attach): Located at Mile 447.7 on the Alaska Railroad, at the junction of Cache Creek and the Alaska Railroad 18 miles west of Fairbanka. Site is located on Fairbanks D-3. §III §IZl:. IIAIY!IS OR §TBUCIYREP~ Sitl.fXPillYftCTIQHJ. Alaaka Railroad station DllTU Qf DlfQ§li/NYHBII Ql.fiiRATA: end of record AHRS files Orth, D. J. 1967: 125 £::! 1t .. r!AI.U .( l~£LIDJI LAD I !t~D HAIERW,J!AI!Ql..;,. !!!t~WlnU r;e&u:di.ns. 4At.tu historic site .UUNAL REMlN§.:. Ha,bitat: AD 1922t Euro-american i~o~att gn.U§Q§ map and attash): Located at Mile 420.4 of the Alaska Railroad, 6 miles NE of Nenana. Site is located on Fairbanks - ... - - - - - - - c--5. - liTE SI~§:, l.!AIY!.!S OR STRUCTURES: - :nn UPSlfWCIIOift Alaaka Railroad station -Rll!H or RllOSli/tiUHJER 9l §!RAIAt - -end of record - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .!.W-~Vt.iv 0 1~'""'111'~ lfUt" Ill' • ~~A~f\'Vw_, AHRS f~ltHl M&tbQaon= J. 1981~ 62 .fJJil.Q.l.H SL..9LQ£f;YfAt.J:ONf,El:H!(.JC AE,FIX,M\T!Q!LL AD 1903 I 1920-30"' s ~ i.turo-mer ican historic site in Historic District tl'f!U:~ R.E!Y\It!S (A,•f•tj\Cll COfi QF DIAQNQSTIC A,RT!fACT~J..:_ Upland Spruce Forest Ha9itat: {Losate 2n U§Q§ UP and a;tacbl.: Site is located on Fairbanks D-3 quad. TlS,R2W,See.7. fAt. 645050N. Long. 1480100W. EIAIY&Ki og §lR[~IYIIil A Historic District containing 10 frame buildings in aood condition. A hotel was established at the site of the present-day leaort in 1903. Drift mining was activa in the region by 1906 and the townsite ot' Ueny was established. In the late l920"s and early 1930's, the Fairbanks Exploration Company e9t~blished a camp at Berry (renamed Eater} and built the present Cripple Creek Uotel and aurroundias buildinae. Tbe Hotel vas originally uced aa a mecs balt/bunkhouae and remains unchanged except for the front porch and upstairs plWilbing added in 1958. The wellhouae, coal bin. roof ventilators, and food eachu are also original. !HIB Tl'P.I/FUNg;IXOPf.:~ Meu hall/bunkhouse of the Fairbanks Exploration Company ming camp. end of record - - FAI-028, Gold St:~am Valley A.RRS files -l!olmae, E. C. 1975 (site not found in thh referen<:(!) prehistoric of unknown -prehistoric site - - - Habitft: - ~Lgcttc gn USGS map and at~J£h): Site is located on Fairbanks U-2 quad. Lat. 645500N, Long. 1475500W. 1tti:E S,tu;: EIAIU!I§ 08 SIB~qtUR§S: - Jlli.IXllltYICTIOH; -REltlJ Ol PlfQili/ NU)jiELPJ: SIRA;tA t (Rttse;ss af.ot&IDic ~~~~fl. 2I ttPhiB)L - -end of record - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .... ~ AUElS files • Orth. D. J$ 1967: 127 illlQJl~li QF QCCY?AIIQlt[§TJ!l!.l& AUJL~WQN: AD 1906, E:uro-amazoicen ~;-&4 J2AD..S ! ~t!ml JAB J. ANP MAIIRI.AJ. ]/JED) : historic oite &!IBtC REHAINS 'ATIACB COPI QF QlAGNQS+IC A&TIJACIS): Co llec.tion at Univer;ity of Alaska Museum. Fairbanks. ~OPQG~lBIC S!TIING/!NYJROHH£NIAL rn[IT: Low 8uah; Lowland Spruce Forest (Lpct;l on uss;s HI? tq,4. astaeh2: Located at the trail junction 1 mile east of Eater and 8 milea weet of Fairbanks. Located on Fairbanke D-2 quad. Lat. 645052N, Long. 1480030W. SIII SIZJi.t lBAIUl\G~ OR SIRVCTV&I§: liii IX!IIEYHCIJON; Fairbanks Exploration Company mining c4mp Rf<UJ! Ol DIPOIU'ltUlMJ!II Of l:tUIA:. il!'t!!l\S,e of or:st'l1S .l!Bf!te ot t~,nltt!U. end of record FAI-062t Happy !U~.U'AV!<h'ti. AHRS tiles Orth. D. J. 1967: 405 • AD 190 5, Euro-.arner ican ~c:.t!LD!'r~!' .. ( xNcLm IAB " m MAIWAkJL"t.r;o l: 9..2J!!!~ntlll ..U&."-~4ins 4!J:!!.L historic site fAm!~1 RJMAU!.SJ. }lqna t;,ocHIP ~~RAPHl~~~t~li~VfRONMENTAL.UNIT: ~b.itat :, Upland Spruee Forest '~gcgte gn YSGS map apd attach): Located at Mile 463.0 on the Alaska Railroad. 8 milee west of Fairbanks. Site is located on Fsirbanks D-2 quad. Lat. 645307N, Long. 1475528W. i!"J.:!.iJZI: fJAIYRl~.2B !ISVPIY!E~L Alaska Railroad station D~fTH, OJ:, DJ$f2§1Ill!!mitlUt OF §Tll.t\Tf..: . . (Pre,.,ncg of 2£&ant£ ltU!JD ox tmuhr~~ end of record - .. .. - - .. .. - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .n:.nrt.]Afitr~ m!nt~~tcJ;_ ABRS files Ortb, D. J. 1967: 666 historic site !!~Jm&~sr~~l di!Lrsitxt l!Jl!!Al. REMAINS: ]:Q.POGfV\PHI C SJ.ETttNG[ ENVIRONMENTAL UNI1.t Habitat:. Upland SpTuce For~at U,gcat§ on. U~G~ IJ!P !Pd atttch): Located 20 m.i hs west of Fdirbanks ou Fairbanks D-3 quad. Lat. 644750N. Long. 148273SW ~.J.t.E §IZE: !.E§.T!Jit§§ QR STRUCIUR.ES: §III TYPE/FUN~TIQN: Alaska Railroad station DEPTH OF DEPO§II/Nt}l:mE& QF SIMTA: end of record jL~~'-~~. FAI-068, Kobe ~ AHRS fil~s Ortb, D. J. !967: 803 f.IDlbl9J?.UU..JIL.2GS:YPeU9NlJI.UlY WIL1AT!SU4.L AD 1924, Euro~·em~rir.nn !CJ l.t., I!A'fU ... ..U.btCWl>J...W .. i dP...HATERJAJ,.. DA'l;!D 1 :. ~AU. t_!&&J:4LRR 9ttJI! i J .. lii .... t:Yfl,.t historic lite . ~m~s..u.tM+ltl .. ~AmcH co1v ..21 PI4\Ql!O.lt&c MTII4c·rs2 =- !9..n.!.. tsols :. TQFQG~PR~C ~~TTIHGl,HVIIONMINTAL Y!JT: !1!.\LU!t: (Losatg gn USGS !DfP and attach):. Located 48 miles sw of Nenana on Fairbanks A-5 quad. Lat. 641400N, Long. 1491500W. !l'l'E S.!lli [I,ATPRII OB SIRUCT'QltESJ il.:rE 'J'XPB/fmtCtiPN;_ Alaska Rail r.oad station birtH Qr RErosii/NUMJIR or -~I~~ (Preau~s 2f oratnis l~\\!t• gr tsphrJ2i end of record .. ... -.. - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - lltJUlflli ARIS files Orth, D. J. 196 7: 162 III!QR!S) Ql ~9CUPAI!QN/(IKN1C AfZlLJAIIOH: AD 1920, Euro-american JC14 UAIE§ .. .JINCL110J: W.l # ANP HAIUU.Ic .DATJDJ.t histo~:ic site l.tXlliC BJHAJHI. 'mAmt CQPX OF DUONOSTIC AIUIACIS): laJ! v'srial di..~!i£•i;x:. fAU!fAL .. YMlJS: 1291 tggl§: IQRQGRAPHIG S§ITING/!NVIIONM!HTAL UNIT: Htbisu:. (Loc~c• op YSGS maP and &ttacp): Located at Mile 381.2 of the Alaaka Railroad on the east bank of the Nenana livQr, 29 miles S of Nenan~. Site ia located on Fairbanks A .. 5 quad. Lat. 640900N, I.ong. 1491400'1. liAIUJIS OR STIUCTVRES: §l!J lll!/fY!QTIQN: Alaska Railroad station DJliU Of.PIPQlii/NVMJEJ OF SI&ATA: end of record !liU~-FAl-070. }iou !..lllU£!~1.! AU.S f U es Orth, D. J. 1967: 660 ~PAI:M2Hll'~!.~ AU.IL!A'UO!!;. AD 1920t Euro-americ:an £:11t .WJl..{UfC.L.tJPJ.J,A..B .. I Arm UAIIRIAL .l26I..!D): ~di!& ~ltl!j ~~ p~ehietoric site ~QPOGJAlftiC §!ITlNG{ENVIlQNHIHtAL YNJI; !l!ii;at,:. LL2Stt! gg YSGS SIR and tt;a9h); 3 miles north of Ferry and 36 mileo S of Nenana. Located on Fairbanks A-5. Lat. 640300N, Long. - - - - - - - - - 1400~~. - ~I.1J JlZB; -EM'l1JUS OR STRUCIPIES: Alaska Railroad station - - -end of record - - - - - - ..... - - ..... - - - - - !UD .. Hm.:. II~At-089 • Ueruut.a. River Bridge UlWI$lilL AHB.S file llll2nilt.2t Q~CUPATIQBL~THH~C AfFlLlAI!9~t Eu~o-meriean hiatoric etructure Llt§Ig !L!HAlBS (AtTACH COfl Ot DIAGNOSTIC A§TlfACT~t: II! patgxitl ~tyert~~Xt IAW!M iW161J!Il TOfO~E!lC.§§TTJNGlEHYtRQNM!NIAL UNJI: lt.t~iSit : !Locate on YSGS NIP an4 attach): A-5 quad • 1 acre Site is located on Fai.l·banks l&AXUBIS 21 STBYCIURES; Steel bridge with one eighty-foot through plate girder span, and two 200-foot ateel truss span•, resting on four eonerete piers and abuttmenta. SIT! tyPB/lPNCII~N: One of five main ateel bridges on route of Alaska Railroad between Auchor•ge and Fairbanks. il.t..~aegct of oraanis \§nJ!U or tepht.al.= end of record WAX-090 p Ferry St.at:Lon lmtl9n~ll 9Jt.9C£YlAJiOH/JTI!l~!ktAIXON: .£:·:l.it ]AtE§ ( ~NCLYDI W..t..AD.J!tal.!IUAL PAIEDl t Cm!!.UJ!~.I. U&.VJ!AB& dete.tt. historic tite ~ITHL~.~~~~N§,!~~21. COPI Qf_DIAQIOSIJC AR±IFA~I~l: i.&!. M~SE.:i.al 4iv1I!i~I~. U-'JJ!AL. IIMl~ti J.i:W..~ ,.tgoh,:, 'I;OP,.Q!!.M.m!C .§m.t,NG/!,NV~lt.Qm!EliTA!t !miT: li42i tat,:, ~Lq~tt...sm. IlSg§ ma.J! .. AJ!d attacb); Located at Mile 371.1 of thet Alaska RaLlroad. Site ia located on Fairbanks A-5 quad. 1 acre l.IAIYIII Qtt S,lltl,C'tPJIIi A new sect-ion hoaaa was constructed in the early 1930'•· In the early 19SO'e, a section bouse formerly located at juliut station was moved to Ferry. Both atructures are still at Ferry; both ane in --·-and are not inhabited. All? several gasoline care --remain at Ferry. Originally known as Residency 4, this station waa established in late 1918. The station was important in the one --of --acrooa Nenana River before the construction of a steel bridge. Station of the Alaska Railroad end of record .. - - ... .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .ut! ... JJN&L UUI!ti.9Ju. FAI•094. Higb.Ridg• 12 AliRS f il ftS Plaskett, D. 1976: 12 ~~ 9l QgCUlAilQ§/IIHftlQ Afllk~AIIO~l. P~ehiato~ic, Athabgacan .C:-.1!.. Q.WS < ll~&L!lnl LAI t.JJm ... W'J&IAJt DAIJJll.L .£9J!i!I!R&.l.&:W£!!ins..,,dtti}U nn..n~JJ. prehiltoric. eite YIBIC R!t.fAIN.S (lt:IIACB ega 9I ..RlAQlf.OitiC MTtfA~I!U;, l,ithic: material. Collection at Univeraity of Alaoka Muaeum, Fairbank1: UA 76 271. No teeting wae done. !!H.mtttLiAl diVt£titt: I6Pl!6~ R,!tfAlNS ~ .IQ.fOGMPili_£ SETit.Ng£ENVlRONM2~IM TJNII: . Lowland Spruce Forest H&Q~tat: (Lo~•tt gn USG§ lAP and attach~: Located 1,000 feet north of Firat Creek in SWl/4,Sil/4,Sec.28,tlOS,RlOW Fairbanks A-5. SITE ltZJ: 2 by 2 meter area l&ATVRES Ql STlVCTVRES: §JTI TYPILlY!9IION: DIPIH 2l DElQ§II/IYMJIR Ql §TIAIAi teltins was conducted. Surface collected only• no (P~tsence of orsanic tense! O( ttpbra): end of record J.tl'I~~ Dl&~lt~gi; AlliS files Plaskett, D. 1976: 12 prehistoric site prehistoric ~'fBIC IEMAIUS (ATIACJ COfi.QF RlAGNO§TIC.Aii~fACTSl~ Lithic material. Collection at University of Alaska Muse~. fairbanks: UA 76 272~ One teat pit was du;. !fJt m~tarial diYti•itx: Jpns.l20 J..s.:. IQ~QG!APHIC §ltTINQ/EN!lRQHH§NTAL UNIT: Moist Tundra Habi~at: (Lgsat§ on YIGS maP an~ attach}j' Located approximately 1,000 feet north of Firat Creek and 1,000 feet east of FAI-094. Site located in SEl/4,SEl/4,Sec.28,TlOS,RlOW Fairbanks A-5. SIII SIZ§: 5 by 15 met er s J!JAl'tzB.!S OR. SDUCTJmES: §JTE TYPE/lVNCttON: QIPTI Ot PBPOSII/NYMBJR OF ST&ATA: (Prgsence og Ot&agis lenset or tephta): end of record - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -------------------------------------------------------------- - - - n:r.~ ... lll!-lli. DDJJJ.C.!t FAI-098, All Bridge ~t Mile 447.7 AHRS fil~s Matheson, J. 1981: 107 l~IOP~Sl OF P~~UfAIIOH/§THNt~.AfTIL&ATIQ~ Euro-americ:an hietorie otructu~e AD 1919 i 1926; Condition: Normal state of weathering 1l'J1ll_Q ll!:fA~NS (ATTAC.,H CO~Y •• QF DIAGNOSilC Ai'tlfACTSi: IgPOG!APHIQ SETTINQL!NVIRONMEFTAL QNtt: Riverine; Upland Spruce Fore at (abitat; (Loc:tte on Y§GS maP an4 attach): Nl/2, SWl/4, NWl/4, Sec .11, Tl S, R4W Fairbanks D-3 quad. Located at ~li le 447.7 of the Alaska Railroad. §~Ti SIZE: Less than 1 acre. l§ATyRES 01 SIRUCIYBES: An original bridge was conatructed at this location in 1919. The current bridge waa fabricated by the American Bridae Company and erected during construction of the Alaska Railroad. It baa 2 bents and concrete abuttmanta; one 80-foot deck girdert concrete cape; 70# inner guard rail• and valka on both aides. SITI IJPg/FYNCTION; Alaska Railroad bridge DEPTH OF DEPOSIT[HYMIIR OF StRATA: end of record }\~ A!UlS files Plaskett, D. 1976: 12 .tDI9!2Hil . .2l Q£.CJllAtl9!Lf.:llll!J<( Al:f!LIA'l'JONi prehhtol'ic C-l!t~ PAil! UtiCLYP~ W I tdm tJAtlll!Jt P.Aml.l. ~~~~.f.!I!Id!B& 41l!f: prehistoric site LliilC IIHAlHi ~AIIAQI CQPY QI DtAMNOSTJC AiTlfACJS}: Lithic material. Collection at University of Alaska Museum, Fairbank~: UA 76 1589 '};Q?OGMPHIC §.E'fiiJ!G/ENVlSONMEtfiAL YNlt: !Jbitet: Moist Tundra {&ocate 99 Y§G§ WAR mnd at'a~h): Located north of FiTst Creek in SWl/4,NW1/4,Sec.35,TlOS.RlOW Fairbanks A-5 quad. ~JIE SIZI: 5 by 5 setera li'TVR!S 01 StlUCIYJ!§: SIIE IXP!/FQNCTIO!j aEtTH OF p!PQSIT/KUMBEI or SIRATA; Site aurface collected only. (Pret«U!S!. gf o&:&tnic len!ta or teehra,l :. end of record . - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JU.D..J!Mm.t R.WU!i9.EJ FAI-107~ Plateau #3 AlliS files Plaskett, D. 1976: 12 1!\lJ;OD{il J2[ OC£p:fATlON/mlU$C Alf:ILlAIISW.t. prehhtoric g,-l!t R6.TU. LU!.~~tm§ W I. Am> JMTMUL...RAIII2V. prehistoric eite 1liJtq BIUAII§ ~AtTACH CjtlX or Q1AGNOSII~ A!IllACISli Lithic ~c~erial. Coll•ction at University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks: UA 76 159. 19.'9f!. £Oct l.!J.. TQfOG!APJI~ 'f.TTING/ENVIRONM£NTAL_Q!IT: Moist Tundra Habitat: ~Loqtte on U§GS SIP and attacb)t Located north of First Creek in NWl/4,N!l/4,Sec.34,TlOS,RlOW Fairbanks A-5 quad. §.ttl SIZE: 2 by 2 meters lEAitntJS OR STRUCtURE!:.. S~IE IIPg/FUHCTIQN: DiftH Ql DEPOSITlNUHI!i Q[ S~IATA: Site was surface collected only. 'lresenee of 2raanis lens•• or tephra): end of record -~~.:~11~~ ~- fAl-112. FAI 112 AH!tS file prehistoric eite Condition: normal state of weathering 1!I!!l.C !&ltM~I ..{ATTA~I CQ[f QE PIAQNQS'l'lC biiiFACilll flake @eatter. Collection at the Univeraity of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks. A teat pit dug on top of the bluff produ.ced no cultural material. R!W. .• Il!Uerial .!1 i:'!!Ef.!~!: .[AJJNAJ:..Jl.fiJMINS: IP.PPGIA~HIC S~TIIN2LJNVJRQNME!I!L UNIT: Site is eroding down the aide of a material encountered from 2 to 6 meters area 2 meters wids. Alpine Tundra Healy age terrace. Lithic below the bluff edge in an (Lo~t'! on U$28 maP tnd astach): Site ia located 1 mile east of Ferry village on a terrace about 100 meters north of a gravel landing atrip. TlOS,R8W,Sec.27, Fairbank• A-5 quad. §JXE st;s: Lithic material covered a 2 meter wide area. Extent of site ia unknown but i; expected to be ~all. lMlVIBS oa snycmEs: J!TE IXPE/fVHCIIQN~ Q!PTR OF Dl,9SIIlNml~l! QF STRATAt iFresence of organic bnaes or teRt\1;"&) :" end of record .. ... -.. - - - - - - - -· !1.1l&U£l.t AUllS files Plaskett, D. 1976: 12 ~.Ql Q1(CJ1fATlO!il EMIC WlLlAtl.ON: £:-:Ht RA.'\'Il ( lHClJJPi W\.1 t AND lfAIBRIAL DA'Q1.P1; p~ehiatoric site prehistoric Ym£-UifAINI (AIQCH S(OPY Q[ DIAGNQSTI${ A!\'r:tlf.CT~)l. Lithic uuaterial, including fire-cracked rock. Collection at :!· ~ University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks: UA 76 165. IQPQQiAfHIC Sf.TTINGLINVIRONMEHJAL UUIT: Moist Tundra Site h a blOlJOUt in a tand dune. ~LoSitl QB usgs mt2_And attasb); Located on a ridge 3.000 feet east of FAI-106. Site located in SE1/4,NEl/4,Sec.3S,TlOS,RlOW Fairbanks A-5 quad. 5 by 5 metet'G FIAIY!!§ oa STRU~IURES: SITE IJP!/PJl!CTIO!i D~PTft Ql D!lOSIT/NYMIIR QF STRATA: Site was surface collected only~ end of record Mli.S file PlMekett, D. 1976: 12 RJJUQ.i).i S) 2LQC~JlPA.Il!llU.JIWU.C .. M.ll . .L.IAIION,.i. pr~hiator ir. .9"'· !~UUJA_{tNCJJ!llE LAI. t Nm t!AIDI6L RAl]D) : £9m•:au .tUJ.tdiz;&. W\t..tul: prehistoric site 1.URI& I.J.u.t.JNI !ATrA£ll COfl' Ot JUAGNQST;tC ARTifACISl;. Lithic m&terial. including fire-cracked rock. Collection at University of Alseka Museum. Fairbanks: UA 76 166. · fAt!NAlt JE~INS: 10!!!..129 ~.!.t IQ.~J;UC sz:rrWG/§NVliQNH!NTAL tlNlT: Site is a blowout in a sand dune. Moist Tundra (Locate op USGS mfP and att§ch); Located 400 feet east of FAI-121 in SE1/4,N!l/4,Sec.35,TlOS 1 RlOW Fairbanks A•S quad. S by 5 met era f.MIJlRES OR §IJUCTURES: §!I§ IXP!/FVNCtiO~: QElTH QF REPO§JT/NYHDIB 9l §~ Site was surface collected only. end of record - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~ IWID.<ll:. fAI-·1:?.3 9 Blowout #3 AHRS file Plaskett, D. 1976: 12 F.l!tOJH!U. Q[ .Q.StCUP.AiliD!/.1:mNI~ AJ:FILtATlQNt prehhtorie !Ctft DAD§ ~!NCLWLW f APP MI§!UAL WEP2.:.. prehiato~ic eite l~IDUC lBtJAIHS ~AT'UCI COl'Y Oli',lU&i!fQITIC W!EACTS}: Lithic material, including fire-cracked rock. Collection at Univflrait.y of Alaska Muaeum, Fairbanks: UA 76 167. ,lAIDiAL ltRJAINS; Bgne. t,ool§ :. 1Ql9QRAPHI~SITtlNG/ENVIRONM§NIAL UNIT: Moist Tundra Site ia a blowout in a sand dune. Habitat: (h9G!te on y,gS ;ap &pd a'~ach}: Located approximately 500 feet east of FAI-122 in SEl/4.NE1/4,Sec.3S,TlOS,RlOW Fairbanks A-S. 5 by 5 YAeters lMI\l.MS Oil ST!\flCTVJlES: SliJ tyPE[FVNCTXQNi REETH OF PllPSII/NVHJII Of §TlATA: Site was surface collected only. ifresepce of organic len!el of tepbta): end of record !lli~~~..L ~~JLtti~i. fAI-124, Blc~out 14 AllRS filejj Plaskett, D. 1976: 12 l~f&J~~.QCCQlAII9N.LitHHI,,AffiLIA]!OH: prehistoric .~~ W!:i~ ~ I~91JmLW .. f AIU .tJAT.§B.lAL DAif:JI.ll. prehistoric site yruc B!4JSAIJ!§ VJIA£H cs>rx Of D~AGJ!OSTlC J.ai!l~'ACTSl.: Lithic matarial. including fire-cracked rock. Collection at University of Alaoka Museum, Fairbanks: UA 76 ·168. IQlQS!.~.AfHIC §ETTt,NG£ ENYIRONMENTA!t lffllT: Site is a blowout in a sand dune. !l!egae: Moist tundra (koeste on USGS mtP and tttaeh): Located approximately 200 feet east of FAI-123 in NEl/4.NEl/4,See.35,TlOS,!lOW Fairbanks A-5 qU&d. .lU'l SIZE: 2 by 2 meters F§6TQIIS QR STRUCTUBES: §IIJ;!,. IXPI/[!lNCTION: UlliB 2r pEPO§JT/NYMBIR Qr SIBATA: Site waa surface collected only. { ereeenee of or&tnic lgnse,a or t§phrv): end of record ... ... ... .. - - - - - - - JlllJ!~t FA!-125, Blowout #5 ~ AIUtS files Plaakstt, D. 1976: 12 !;::l!t DATil .( 'LNCJt!lPJLLAI t .ANP MATJUUAL DATGl .t ~~t:B .. EJJH..d\g dtttf.t llD .. mJ: prehistoric sit~ prehistoric -UIUIJLI!MAJNS <AttACJl CQU Of piAGNOSII9..A&I.I1A,'t§l: Lithic material. Collection at Unive-rsity of Alaska Mueeum, ·rairbanlul ~ • .. ~6 169 .. TQP0i161119 S§TTtB~lJMYllONKENTAL YNJT: Moiat Tundra Situ is a blowout in a aaud dune. Utbit.tt; ''gsa~e gn »Iii mAP ang atsacb): Located 150 feet eaet of FAI-1~4 in SWl/4,NWl/4,Sae.36,TlOS,R.10W Fa.ilt'banke A-5 quad. SITE SJZI• 5 by 5 met~rs .tiA'tVUS 0! UIYCTV!.E§: J~II IJPJ/tUJSIJOH: D.llm or_ RII!QSIT/mtBER or. §TYIA= l teat pit was dug. end of record !l~ iAI-126, Blowout 16 ,&frliBI!..Qt AHRS f Ues Plaskett. D, 1976: 12 £,-J! .. JJ..t\IE!.i l!CltllPE W.l #,.ANI! tfATIRlAL JMtEDh. £maruttLIIDdiPI citS!•: prehittoric site prehistoric 1JIH1£.AIHAIBS 1AII6CK corx or PlAGUOSIIC A&I~CIS{L Lithic material. Collection at Univereity of Alaska Mua~u.. Fairbank'~ UA .,6 170. l!w.m•ttrJAL.s&v•r•isx: lAID!AL l§MAlH~J.. J-.2!1! -~oo lt;. IQEQQRAPBI9 SEIT)NQlEHVIRONM§NT6L YNIT: Sit~ is a blowout in a sand dune. Moist TWldra (Legate og USGS liP and, attach):, Located 1,000 feet southeast of FAI-125 in SWl/4,NWl/4,Sec.36,TlOS,RlOW Fairbanks A-5. SJII §IZI.t S by 5 meters FgAtyall 91 SIIY£TUI!S: !!II IIfiLFQNCtiQN: RIPTB Of PllOIIIlNVMJil Ol §I~: Site was uurface collected only. end of record - - - - - - - - - - - -1 I Jln .. MmU. FAI-127, Upper Rock Creek !\J!UIJ'...£1l. AHIS files Plaskett, Do 1976~ 12 liiJOR~Sl Pl.~~ION/II§!1~AfliLIATION: prehistoric .!£:·14 ll6UI .U!UiLlml W I .tUm WJIUL .PAt.tml; prehistoric site YIIlS: UHAIQ (AIDCB !dQPI..QI DlA9NQSIIC 61tU'ACtSL;,, Lithic material. Collection at University of Alaaka Muaeum, Fairbanks: UA 76 171. Moist Tundra Babitat: ''Qc,&e op Y§OI liP and a;ttcb); Located in SEl/4,NWl 4.Sec.36.TlOS,RlOW Fairbanks.A-S quad. 5 by 5 meters !Wfllll oa SIJ!VCIYJ!il: JXD IXPJ/llfflC'tlQJ!.; RI'D QI..RilPII%/tW11Ul Ol STMTA: Site wae surface collected only. (frt•tase of oraaoi~ leneee 2E ttebralt end of record .ILU. .J'lAlil& !lfRJNSCil FAI-134, Bartholomae Mine ABRS filee Matheson, J. 1981: 51 Dii2P( I 2 Ql .• QCCyPAI.lQJ!ll'OOU<e Alt'lLUIIQ.N!. !U!'O""GU~I' ie£n ~-lA RAilS (INCLttgE LAB, AND HAIIRIAL RATED); po!JM!U:' rtssr!Un 41~!.:.. !lT!i llP!:. historic &ite AD 1900-20 "'a, lJ:llU.C .YJJAII§ (A,TTACH CO;PY 0[ IUirJiNOStJC AJTIFACTSl ; IW J422la.i IQ~OGBAlB~C JiiiiNGliN!IRONM!!tAL YNJT: iLis~t• on Y~GS maP asd ttta~ Fairbanks D-2 quad. SITl. SlZI: Upland Spruce Forest Located on Henderson Road 9 fJAIUBE§ 01 IIJUCTVJIJ: Five main buildings and a sturdy head frame remain at the Mine. Ore brought up from the shafts would be dumped throuah the hopper in the bead frame into trucks for conveying to a mill. An ore loadina abed and a generator shed stand beside the head frame. Farther up the hill are a garage, wincbhou•e (for the seaarator and shaft cable eyatem). a small bunkhouse for the mine crew aad a etoraae thed~ Cable from the winchhouee at one time ran from the roof across the road to the A shaft. A new mill was constructed at the Mine in 1977 to process ore sam~les from local prospecting activitiee. JJTE .IXl!/fYNCTIONr Lode-sold mine D![tH Of P§.fO§IIL NyMB§~_.Qf SIEA..tA:. UL<tsv~e .9{ .2IJ.4tl.~c l!Ilte,a ... 9.£.Jiaebul.L end of Tecord - - - - - - - - -I ..... nn N~"'!tt 1~1fJI!Il9.lt FAI-169, Strand Family Cematery ABIS files Ri~IQP(Il,~[ 2kCYfAIJQN/1IUMIC AllJLIATlQl: Athabascan and !uro•ameritan £::l!t...RAIU { I!fCJJ.mi Wil I AND liATEJIAL J)ATEPl.t ~.21BW-U&fid J.n& gt~se: hbtoric: site early 1950 .. a; Condition: site baa been disturbed, degree unknown; in danger of destruction from GVEA power line Bone tgo~!,i.. Jabitat: (Lostti.RR YSGS mae and attacbl: Located in Nl/1,NEl/4,See.33,TlOS,l8W Fairbank• A-5 quad. SITE SIZE; S acree l&AIVJEI OR STR~TUBJS: Cemetery eontaina 5 gravel: 3 Native Alaskane, 1 !uro-aaerican from Washington &tate, and an Alaakan miner. About 50 feet from this family plot is the burial place of the ashes of lay lupp, a pioneer Alaskan miner. Wooden croasea mark the graves and three also have a concrete slab. ~III IIP!lfVNCIION: family cemetery Qlm OF DEPOSIT/NUMBER Of SIMX6.t tnd of record flt..t-202, Cheu Pumphouse A!llS files •~theeou, J. 1981: 64 l1JLtQJ?.i!l. Qt .. !i~llWIQNL l'tty!)'.C A[fliJAIION.t ~ti.'tiS ( li!CtVP!I LAB f Atm MAtERIAL .PATED); AD 1931 • Euro-american hietoric site» National Historic Register 3/17/82 IQf9~~PBIC_JJ[tT!~GlENV~BONMENTAL VUlT: Forest 1:1!\l.ita£_;. 11sette qn yscs lfP tPd attacb): quad. 3 acre• Riverine; Upland Spruce Loc•ted on Fairbanks D-2 ~\~ The Chana Pumphouee was built from 1931-1933 to pump water from the Chana River 400 feet up Qver Cbena Ridge and then by ditch to the Cripple Creek thawing and dredging operations. The water it therefore eupplied under pressure was used in the stripping of deep layers of overburden off gold-bearing gravels. The building is 20 feet wide by 108 feet long, and it had originally a gable addition projecting from the midpoint on its south side. Both walla and roof are covered with sheet metal. On the ridge of the roof are five skylights, givina natural daylight to the interior of the building. The building's north aide had barnsash-type windows and two wooden doors, positioned to service the sluiceway which runs parallel to the north aide of the building. On the we~t end of the building is a sliding barn door. a 20 foot tall frame. probably used to support a flood gate, used to be located at the east end of the building, as well as a central sliding barn door in that wall. Inside the building there used to be 10-14" double suction centrifugal pumps rated at 6 ,000 gpm against a 220" he~td, direct eonn•cted to 400 hp el~ctric motors. These pumps, mounted in series 3 2 to a unit, delivered Chena River water to Cripple Creek over Chena - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - aH.dg~ tlu:ougb 3 ... 26n pipelinoe ag&inst a total vat at' hsad of 4L!O". A th~~~ mile ditch l~&d from thera to the eurrc\~t mining eite. After the Fairbanks l:qloration Company ell:l&:uut d· .. .adsing op~ratioRe at Cripple Creek in 1958~ the Chona Pumphouse wa8 abut down& Xn 1978. when it wa-remodeled for ita prea~nt us@ ~~ a ~eataurant and bar, tb0 basic structure of the building wa1 kept unchanged, as well as th~ eheet metal cladding. lniid~, one can $till mee the original tin roofing. A new entr wu added on the north tilid@ of the buildina aa the main entranco, 4nd to the south, a kitehen/ae:rvieea wing added in a new flat-roofed structu't'e. The sluicE: way and equipment on the eaet and north eidee of the building remain unchanged despite extensive landecaping of the grounds around the buildintc. Pumphouae of the Fairbanks !xplorstio~ Company. emd of record Jl!IJ!·~ FAI-221, Hudgou (Borovich) Mill !illY.~ AHlS filee Maeheson~ J. 1981: 108 flllQQiil.~. 9CCyPATJ26[§IIHlC A[!ILIAilQJl AD 1926, Euro-american ~LWII J ll!,L.mn; L&l f 6UP . .HAIIRJM JMDP> t ~n.t.J. r.:tatrd i!s dt~te: ~lii I!llt historic site 1liUIQ L\UAL!t§ {AitACiJ. ~QPX Of • .l!l,AGJiQSl]C AR]'U'ACTJ!..;. &o.!Mi..!nW wu:sj.ty: lAm!itL. J!RAINS: 12111 toolll I2fQ9.&6lnJ~ SEITI!G/Eti~IRONM!!TAL Uftl~. Upland Spruce Foreat !.~sttt on YIG§ maP tpd attgch): Site is located 1.5 miles west of Ester in TlS,RlW,Sec. 1 6 12 Fairbanks D-3 quad. !liE SJZE: lQIUIJS OB BIJUCMIS: Frame mill building Jlii IXPBlfVN9IIQN: Mill um or,. nlf9SIT/ mmsa or stRATA: ~Erttepct of 9raapic lenses or tephra): end of record - - - ... - - ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I - AilS filea Matheson, J. 1981: 57 Wl91?1§~ Ql...f,),CU'PAT~QHLil.H!iJC J\Fl!WAil9l1;, AD 192 9. Euro-emer ican .fc!!t.....JMIIS < ll!C.lJml .~tAB f Atm .. HAIIUAL l!~DRl..t Historic Object lgne to2~•.!. 'I;QPOGgAPHi~ §.EIIIN9/ENVllONJ1ENTA.L UNIT: Forest !ltbi~tt:. (L9cate ou_~QG§ lfR and attach): quad. SID §JZI: Leas than 1 acre Riverine; Upland Spruce Located on Fairbanks D-2 [IATQI!S OR STRUCIYRBS; The dredge, constructed on the middle part of Goldltream Creek, wat modified for its uae on clay and gumbo bedrock via round-bottma buckets, a water jet in the dump hopper for bucket cleanina, and additional washers at the revolving screen. It wao first moved from Goldetream to Eater down the old Tanana Valley Railroad grade to Happy, then across to Ester. It then was moved to Gold Bill via a canal, pulled by 2 D-8's at the bow and 2 D-8'm at the etern. And finally, it was moved to Sheep Creek, where it remains today. The stacker, spuds, screens, digging ladder and its supports wure removed for the move, and 18 tractors attached to its bow. The dredge was floated over cribbing. and then the pond drained. After initial problems with the tractors and freazin& of the aled runners, the dredge wac moved in 4 hours 26 minutes over a distance of 7.3 miles. SITE • ..I:<! I/ fUNC:J;,IQN .t Company. Gold dredge of the Fairbanks Exploration - I -I I - I -I -I I -I -I I -I I -I I -I 1 I - I -I -I -I I -I -I I -I -p..l0:')a.1 'JO pu3 - - - - - • ~ FAI-%24. Mohawk Mine & Mill AD l920"a, historic site !tli§lC gMAINS (AllACB COJ!.X Of PlAG!iQSTIC AJlTilACTS).,L lAYNAit REMAINS;,. !2P:! ~.221!: I~fQG!APBJC !JITJNG/E,YIRQHMEWTAL UNIT; Habif;at: Upland Spruce Forest tLos•tt op USil aaP and t£tacht: Located at 0.7 Mile of Sto Patrick load in T1N.I2W.Sec. 32 Fairbanks D-2. liD SIZ!; .rmyar:s oa II!JlC'IVIEI :. 3 buildings remaining JII1 IXPI/fVNCTION: Lode mine and mill PIPTB pr RElO§ttiNPHJEI 2t SIBATA: ilresense gf RIJ&nic lenae! ot tspbra): end of record ~ !IUR!U!~l.t FAt-225, Saulich Romeotead AHR.S f il-a• Matheson • J ., 1981 : 38 bhtoric site 11I!U.£.J!i!\t\Ji)J (All~H COPY OF Dl~OS'fiC A£TIF6CfS): .l.aw, !YS!£ifl divu,.ity: f..4\_U_!!AL MMA,lNli.. TQPQ9JAPHIC sgtTINg/§NYI&ONMINIAL UNlT: lltbittt: Upland Spruce Forest {L9eate op U§GS mau IBd atttcbl: Located on Fairbanks D-3 quad. 19.5 miles vest of Fairbanks on the Saulieh SpuT, adajacent to the Alaska Railroad. [16IYBE3 QR STlVCTRRI§; Milo Saulich was born in Serbia and came to Alaska prior to WWI. Re ran a wood camp for the Al~1ka Railroad and two etation• on the railroad were named after him: Saulich at Mile 451 and Old Saulich at Mile 449. At bia homestead on July 9, 1942 a hired man killed both Milo and hit wife. A number of buildings in the area of the Saulich bomeatead remain: a small cabin with a sod roof, a larger loa house with a fallen-in roof, sheds and an outhouse. The lines of fencing are also visible. homeatead DElTK .. OE QEPOSIT/NYM!EA 0[ STJhTA: .. end of record - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fl!I~D(S) 0! QgCJlPAIIONliiHiig 6FlJ&1AtiON: Eu-ro·•amer icen sztl .. m\L historic site ,klAHl'-.UM6INS (A'l'IA9Jl CQlY Of DIAGNOSTIC WIF~CTS) :. Raw N~Hi!1 di,vgrei~ll lAYUL lltrnA!N.J: Jont tools: IQPQGRAPHIC SETIING/ENVIlONMENTAN YilT: ltbitat:. Upland Spruce Forest (L9cttt on USGS !fR apd atk&ch}: Located at Mile 1 of tho Old Neuana Highway in TlS,R2W,Sec. 1 FairtAnks D-2 quad. Qlii SIZE: tDT!JIII 01 §'tiY9ttUU!:S; 2 cabins !IT! IYP!/lPUCTlON: 2 cabins RIPIR Qf PIPQSli/ftVMBII QF SIRAIA~ ~Prettnc~f o;atnis lenae1 or tephra}: end of record UAI-228, Fairbanks Exploration Compeny Dredgo 110 A!UlS files MQtbeson, J. 1981: 55-57 l.i!ll;..QJ2Ul.LQI .... Q~JlWl2.!LlT.mtiC AlFU.lAIIQN: S:J.L~J~B I AND MIERIAL D6TEPl: historic eite ~~R&PHIC SJ1IIB~/~NV~QNMENJAL YHII: IUlli.t.:. !12~t' 2Q V§G§ R!E and attach): quad, on Cripple Creek. Upland Spruce Forest Located on Fairbanks D-2 ~Q)IS Ol SIRVCTUl!S: The dredge was an electrically-powered stacker type with a welded. pontoon type steel hull. The dredge buckets have both rivet~d and rivetless lips and the buckets would dump their contents into a hopper, rrom which the gravel would pasa to a tE"Oftll.el 1creen and washing nozzles. Gravel staying on the ._creta would be passed back aa waete material; gravel falling thtough ~ould continue to inclined tables with Hungarian riffles. Mercury traps at the upper end and mats at the lower end would collect the gold. Jigs on Dredse #10 enabled a recovery rate of 96% of total dredge production. The dredge is located in ita original location. SITE IXl§l[~TION: Fairbanks Exploration Company gold dredge {Presence gf grgan\c lenses or tephra): and of :r.ecord - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - n~ !liiJll!ruU. FAI-230 e Tauana Valley lUlU road ADS files Matheson, J. 1981: 35-36 Q::J. !t PAllS { T,NCL!JP.§ J.AI t &m MA.TDJAL WEP 2_: .£9Mt!t"' £!!fi&rdig .4!U!!.t Historic Structure :L.IDl!1JWfAIJiS, {ATTACH ~ 21 PJAGNpST];C 6£TIFA!;:t!l :. lu...utsrrial diYu:sitY.t IAlm4\L.!\DAI11§: ]:.QlOG&&.lBI c §mlNG/ ltlVliOlfl'!Dl'AL U!fiT .t Spruce Foreet.; Upland Spruce Forest lltbiStt: .<J.Rcue op y&g§ HP apd atttcb}: Low Bru11h; Bottomland FIA!UIIS 01 STIQCTRJI§l The Tanana Valley Railroad consisted of 45 milea of narrow gauge track, 4 locomotives, 4 paase~ger coaches, aid 38 freisht car11. Stations constructed for the railroad included: lappy Station 1 McNears Station, Fox, Gilmore, Olnaa, lidgetop Station, Eldorado Station, Chatanik4 St£ti?n, Chena, Garden leland. Tanana Valley Railroad end of record Rfl.K~!C~l AlliS files Matheson. J. 1981: 108 ltit.B!nU £§StrdArut-A.IS••: .~l.T.J-ItlJ.:J.. historic site IDii~Jil!AUf,§ <mAc~t.con .21: D1AGtfOfiiC A&Tlmts>: 1\~!L.!i!U&..i:!..t diy@rsity:_ Upland Sp~uce Forest Uesttt 9B US9§ wp and tttash): Located in Eater in TlS 0 l2W,Sec. 1 Fairbanks D-3 quad. .§l'tl SIZE.:.. teat than 1 acre fiATUJI§,g§ ltRUCXVRill Frame building jiTI IJPI/fgNCTIQN: Saloon UVJI Qf PI•OSlT[t!llMIIB Of STMJ's\: end of record - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lltt.Jl~ WDUCI.t AIRS files Matheeon. J. 1981~ 62 .t:l!..JlAUS ! lN,.CLiml..lAI I AlJp lfA'UiliAL DAtED} .t ~~pte r~d~Qa ~!tell hiotoric site in Historic District L.UJUQ.JUm.AINS !AitASH £2PX 9! DI.AGNO§tlC AITil4CTtQ: W M~Iie.l. .. d!,yertity; L\s.ne ~o91J L ~PQ9RAPBI~flEIIIUi[§NVIRONMINTA1 UNIT: ll!bitaf.: ~Losase PB US~I mtP ap4 attaebl: IIXI 81Z§: Leas than l acre Upland Spruce Forest fiAtuJIS 98 S11YCTVRES: Cryatal Palace building which was originally the blacksmith sbop of the Fairbanks Exploration Company 11\i.nina c:am{l. IIII IlllllUHCTION; Blacksmith shop of the Fairbanks Exploration Campatay min ina camp. ltinl .. Of J)l1iJ!OS Jil [fllMI~,P.. • .Ql SLJ4TA: i.lb'..u,~nce 2f organJs.Jo!l!l! 5U .•. teell£9): end of record ~ JJilKEt«iJJ. AHlUl files M3th~son, J. 1981: 62 historic site in Historic District IQFQGBAfllC 31ITING/IHYIIONKENTAL UNIT: .b2~tat: ( Lgsatt gn yss;s MP pd at;ttcb): §lTI SIZ§: Lese than 1 acre Upland Spruce Forest liA~YBEI Ql &TRPCIYRES: Cripple Creek Cache building which was used as the aaaay office of tha Fairbanks Exploration Compaay mining camp at Berry. Today, the Cripple Creek Cache building is the Ester Post Office. J.lii IXPillYN9II2lH. 721lnl Ql DIPOPlTl !Yl111! OF STRATAJ. end of record .... .... - .. - .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - m~ !:.\U~Wt!£1; .. FAI-233, Malemute Saloon AHRS files Matheson, J. 1981: 62 UliW2UU Qf Q!(CUUTtQtil Etwnc AlfiLIAIJ:Slt!t S=l!t...R&l§S ~ IlfCl:JJRI LAB t AN)) )1AIIli.AL PJ,TE,Rl : £2!!!fll!iS rt.&trding SS!~!•.L AD !969 • Euro-eed.can .J.tta no= historic site in Kietoric Diatrict 1.1IJ!JC g,MAINS (Atii&Jl CQPJ Ol DIAG}!Qs:rtc AJIIJ'ACISl.i.. 1\!w .HltEill ,Siyersity: pogg tool~ ~PQC&APHI£ §IIIJRG/JNVIRONY~AL QNII: Upland Spruce Forest Habitat: SllE SIZ§.t Lese than 1 acre fiATYRII Q& STayCTUJIS: Malemute Saloon building vhieh ia a Yeconatruction of an orisi~l Berry townsite building. The Malemute Saloon contains half of the original bar from the Royal Alexandra Hotel in Dawson. lltl llfl/fYN9IION: leconatruction of the original building which ecuttai.ne4 the bar fra the loyal Alexandra llotel in Dawr~on. The oriainal building wae a part of the townsite of Berry, a mining camp of the Fairbanks Exploration Company. RlliH OF PIPQ§IJ1!YH§'l Of ST~jA: i.fJ:J..I.UlSI ,Q.{ 2-IMDlS J.pntes 0[ tephra}: end of record ft..DP (Al£R~h,a Divilllion of P&n:ks) ~J~~.S (lt.ltAliilU l!~ll'itege Re111ourc:es Su1:'vey) · B~co~. Glen~ (ed.) !973 leritaae lesourca~ along the Upper Suaitna River. Mia- c:~Uan®oue Publieatious, History and Archeoloay S~riea • No. 14. Anchorage; Alaeka Division of Parks. 3~1$\"&, Jt.ster l979a Th~ C~nt.woll Ash Jed, a Holocene Tephra ia the C&ntral AJ.aska lange. lbg;:t ..B~ttJ 99 Alaek§p. GtS!12&X--12Z§, PP • 19-24. Geological Report No. 61. Collese: Alaska Divi- sion of Geologic and Geophysical Surveye. 1979b Pinal Report: Archeoloaical Survey of a Propoted Electrical Distribution tine Extension to Mo~t McKinley National Park, Alaaka. R•port 1ubmitted to the National Park Service under contract CX.-9000-7-0027. Fa:i.;·banks: University of Alaska. 1980 The Carlo Creek Site: Geology and Archeology of an Early Rol.ocene Site .in the Central Alaska Range. Anthropology Historic Preservation, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Oc- casional Paper No. 27. Fairb~nka: Cooperative Park Studies Unit, University of Fairbanks. Cadwallader 0 Charlee E. n~d. Reminiacencea of Charlet Lee Cadwalladero Unpublished manu- script on file, Alaaka and .Polar Regions Department, Univer- sity of Alaska, Fairbanks. Cohen, S. 1981 The forgotten War. Missoula: Pictorial Histcries Pub- lishing Co. Cook» John P. 1975 Pereonal communication• to the AHRS filet; not published data. See individual AllllS files for infor:nation. Deesauer, Peter F. and David W. Harvey 1980 An Historical Reaource Study of the Valdez Creek Mining District, Alaska--1977. Project funded by the Recreation Program of the Bu~eau of Land Management and the Western lnteretate Commistion for Higher Education. Anchoraae: Anchorage District Office of the Bureau of Land Management. Dixon, R. C. and w. F. Johnson 1972 Survey of the Prehistoric and Historic Values of 48 Way- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~infU t~f t.h~ Ad.&liika ~r;,r'k St~tl1i~. Photocopy. #.uchor~>$e: At~~ka Divioiou of Parks. ~off~dt~~:~. Joht\ Fq l :ne The Not'th Alaska ltauge !arly ~n Project Summa.ry (jf Fitald 1ee~•rch. Summer 1978. A report to the National G®ogr~phic Soeiety and the National Park Service on the potential of t:he north .Uaska aange for areheologieal 21iteG of PlC!!hto- c•ne A~e; w~., 18+ pp. 1919 Tb~ Search for Early Man in Alaeka: Results and Recommenda- tions of the North Alaaka Range Project, 1979. A report to the National Geographic Society and the National P.uk Ser- vice; 27 pp. ~980 Th~ North Alaska Range Early Man Project: Arcbeoloaicol Field Research. 1980. Ms. report to the National Geographic Soci0ty and the N&tional Park Service; 25 pp. Molme~, Charlee E. -19'14 N,.w Evidence for a Late Pleistocene Culture in Central Alaska: Ptel~inary Investigations at D~y Creek. Pape~ presented &t the 7th Annual Meetins of the Caa.adi.an M:- -chaeological Association in Whitebora~, Yukon. March 1974; 26 PP• - - 1975 Archaeological Survey in the Nenana Valley, 1975. RepOrt submitted to Division of Parks in fulfillment of contract PL 89-665 Ntching grant. Laboratory of Anthropology, Alaska MGthodist UniveraityD Alaska. Matheson, Janet and F. Bruce Haldeman 1981 Historic Resource• in the Fairbanks North Star Borouah. A report t•repared for Fairbanks North Star Borough Planning De- partaent. Fairbanks: Fairbank• North Star Borough. Orth. Donald J. 1967 Dictionary of Alaska fesaioaal Paper 567. Office. Plaskett. D. c. Place Names. Geological Survey Pro- Washington: U. S. Government Printing 197~~ A Cultural Resource Survey in •n Area of the Nenana and Telc.- lanika Rivera of Centr~l Alaoka~ Contract report No. 02-76- 00035-00 for the Alaska Divieion of Parks, Anchorage; 14 pp. Reger, Doualaa R. n.,d. Field note&, 1978. On file at Alaska Division of Perks. 1980 Report of Archaeological Field Survey in the Willow-Wasilla Area, 1978. In: T. L. Dilliplane. ed., Archaep~ ~u~v~x frojectfl, 1211· Miscellaneous Publications. History and Archaeology Series. No. 22; pp. 1-23. Anchorage: Office of History and Archaeology, Alaska Division of Parks. 1 1?-.S::i il~'tptn:e o~ Ar.ch&f.!Oloeic3l Field lhn~'\loy in thlli WiUow-Wadl h. Alti!l~ ~ 1918. ltl: U. S.D~A.· ... -Soil Couserv&.ltion ServicEi and Alcf!,k.a De~a:otmettt of Natural Reilot.arees, ~tVA !iv&r.:.. .. »n i..Q. J}.S\\~v..: ~»UllUSWI.rul .. MU!.DJnt 2f lUll.~ . .~§~.,. ttiver Baein Studies--Alaska Riveru.: Su!!iitna liver laeiu. A~choraa•~ u.s.D.A.--Soil Conservation ser- vice P forest S~"trvice, £c,mom:i.c Research Service and State of AJ.aeka ~ D~Tu:art-.ent of Natural Resources. R~ynoldM, G~oraeacn~ 19~4 iUllltcric heeervation Plan, U. S. Army Inatallatione and Satellites in Alaska: Inven~o~y of Cultural Resources and Overview, Pbaae I. Anchorage: u. S~ Army Corps of Engi- ne~~~. Alaeka District. ~itb ,, tH.~luud 1. 1974 Alaska'e Historic Roadhouee1. Juneau(?}: Office of Statewide Cult~r~l Prograae, Alaeka Division of Parka. Julia L .. A~chaeological Survey and Cultural leaoureao Overview: Fort Richardaoni Alaaka. Me. prepared for United Statee Army, Co~ps of Engineucs, Alaska District; 61 pp. United Stat~• Army, Alaska 1972 The u. S. Army in Alaska. USARAL Pamphlet 360-5. Fort Richardson, Alaaka: Department of the Army, Headquarters, United States Army, Alaska. Yarborough. Michael 1983 Areheolosical Survey of the Proposed Willow Creek/Big Su- gitn& River Accesa load and Boat Launching Area. Ms. report submitted to the Matanueka-Suaitna Borough by Cultural Re- source Consultants, Anchor~ge, Alaska; 13pp. -.. .. - ... i ... .. - - - - - - - - ~..u.!!.af .,, .Mitt~ .JI!£9 . . fiPSJW~"' ll..t~titu4e: 61 08 00 N. to 61 15 00 N. Longitude: 149 37 30 w. to \49 50 00 w. .~\J::lll. Latitude: 61 15 00 N. to 61 25 00 N. Longitude : 149 37 30 w. to 150 00 00 w. ~9.£!M !kll Latitude: 61 15 00 N. to 61 19 00 N. Longitude: 149 35 00 w. to 149 37 30 w. ~ Latitude: 61 20 00 N. to 61 30 00 N. Longitude: 150 00 00 w. to 150 15 00 w. -bsuutk (C;-Ll. Latitude: 61 30 00 N. to 6l 45 00 N. tonaitude: 150 05 00 w. to 150 17 CJO w. IXO!I~ Ul:: ll Latitude: 61 45 00 N. to 62 00 00 N. touaitude: 150 00 00 w. to 150 12 00 w. Itlkg!tD! {A-U. Latitude:. 62 00 00 N. to 62 05 00 N. Longitue: 150 00 00 w. to 150 05 00 w. IJ.ll$;eetga Mounf.i!inp Ut:ll Latitude: 62 45 00 N. to 62 so 00 N. Longitude: 149 30 00 w, to 149 50 00 w. - t.~~~~t'lt .ut;U .. ,...>..:,..;,..:,~·~ ol ... ,:;t~ -·we: itt~~~: 63 48 00 N. to 64 00 00 N. tcngitt~d~l; 148 so 00 w. to 149 00 00 w. - hf~.Jl iA t ittu.h:t ~ 63 45 00 N. to 64 00 00 N. -l.1>agitudc: 149 00 00 ~. to 149 30 00 w. -lJ!irusu~t-1.>.. wt.itud<J~: 64 00 00 N. to 64 15 00 N. l'*'nsitude: 149 00 00 w. to - 149 30 00 w. LW..Jt.~ JA.titud~: 64 15 00 N~ to 64 30 00 N. Loagitud.e: 148 50 00 w. to -149 00 00 w. bi!:U!!!t..il::ll LU.itudcrn 64 15 00 lt. to 64 20 00 N. Lontitudo: 149 00 00 w. to 149 10 00 w. - l!..U)Jl ... ~M .. (C-3 > t.etitude: 64 37 00 N. to 64 45 00 N. Longitude: 148 15 00 w. to 148 30 00 w. -l~~-~-4} Latitude: 64 30" 00 N. to 64 45 00 N. -tonaitudo: 148 30 00 w. to 149 00 00 w. lf.ir~IDI!i• (P:3) - Latitude: 64 45 00 ~. to 64 52 00 N. Longitude: 148 00 00 w. to -148 30 00 w. l~-21 -Latitude: 64 45 00 N. to 64 ss . 00 N. Longitude: 147 50 00 w. to 148 00 00 w. - - - - - APPENDIX B Athabaskan Cultural Resources Along the Linear Features of the Susitna Hydroelectric Project Prepared by JamaH Ka.ri and Priscilla Russell Kari (The following presentation js not complete for the project area, as ethnographic and linguistic research is still being conducted and data are updated accordingly.) A'lt:'B:I$l1U\SDM COL'rO~ USOORCiUi .M.DNG 'l'BB LI~11Ul" VEA":ftril.ES OF THE SOSITNA HYDRO&LECTftlC PROJECT Introduction by Jeunes Kar! and Priscilla Russell Kari february 1985 .. . . . . . . "' 'it • • • • 0 • 2. Anchorage --Peters Creek to Indian Creek . . . . . . 1 12 3s Western Knik Arm to MOuth of Matanuska River • . 19 4. Little Susitna River to Bald Mountain Ridge . . 5. 6. 1. s. 9. 10. 11. 1.2. 13. Fisk Creek Drainage: Lower Fish Creek to Red Shirt Lake • • • • • • • • • • . . . " . susit:na River~ From Mouth to Yentna.River •. . . . susitna River, From Yentna River to Talkeetna River, Including Kroto Creek Drainage ••. Chulitna River • • • • • • • • • • • • e • • Susitna River from Talkeetna to Devil Canyon • • • • . . and Above • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . . . Talkeetna River . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . • • Susitna River, Devil Canyon to Tyone River . . . . . Tyone River, Tyone Lake Drainage • • . . . . . . . . Upper Susitna River, Above Tyone River • • . ~ . 14. Opper Nenana River (Ahtna portion) •• • • • • D 15. Lower Tanana Dialects and Band Territories • . . 16. Tanana River, Chena River to Nenana • 6 • • • 0 • • 17. Nenana River~ from Mouth South to Healy and the Alaska Ra~9e • . • . . . . . ~ . . . . . 18. Bibliography . . . . . . . . 24 29 12 38 47 52 55 59 64 70 eo 86 86 93 97 - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -------------------------------------------------------- - - !him r1aepori• i iii part of an on-going proJect to document tht-1 athnoQeogr-· aphy ~ th~ O~n~·in&, Ahtna and Tanana, contiguous Athabaskan langu~g~s, whose tr.~diticm.al lands are biaected by thre linear featureti of the Su'lliitn<ll. g"'iydrQ~lectric:: Project. The components of this research are to document th<'~ fJr~! place nam~s fiystems in the Native languages, to annotate with sptJ,• .. illke!i'r!!l the land use patterns and important historic and prehistoric events at sp~c:i H c places, and to search for documentary sourc:e!S on thetU!!· are<:~s~ ~ The mat~ri~l pres•nted in this report varies in depth of coverage. Sectlons r thrt:.U.AQhlO are in the Dena'ina language area, from Anchorage north to t:h~ Devil r~y~n are~~ In these areas the place names inventory is about as complet@ ~~it will ever be, and a lot of annotations have been transcribed from tape ~acordinQ~D Most of these places are listed in Kari 1992 or in Kari and ~~ri 1982, however the annotations in this report are much more extensiv~. S&ctions 11 through 14 are in the Ahtna language area, from Devil Can/on nc:rth to the Healy area. Mast, but not all of ths Ahtna place nameu are in Kari 1983 <with map). There are uome •nnotations provided for these areas in ·-this rmport, however, important Western Ahtna land use data is still untranscribed <or unrecorded>. Sections 14 and 15 ar@ in the Tanana language ewea, from Fairbanks south to Healy. Here the place names lists _ are not complete, and there are only a few scattered place annotations at pre~ent. For perspective, it should be noted that the sections presented in this report in or near the proposed linear features are only subsections n1 ~he larger language areas, as defined through the dialect geography by !Krauss <1974). Also, the ethnogeClgraphic: documentation for these l.nnguagl:lt areas d&monstrates that Athabaskan use of these areas was extremely coiTilprahCs?nsive. in sections 1-10 statements following % without quotation marks and without initials are translations of Dena'ina statements by Shem Pete. Statements .following '% with quotation marks are English statements made by Shem Pete. -CtJ«tAents by other· speakers are attributed, KN is Katherine Nicoli&, BP is Billy Pete. In sections 1-10 Shem Pete often notes the pre9ence cr absence of ai~bi~ in an area. Mi£01~ are semi-subterranean. -and they usually indicate a winter habitation site. we feel ethnoQeographic research is ar extremely profitable and ·Flexible framework for expanding the ethnographic: record, for understanding -sits specific and regional archaelagical remains. and far gaining insights into many aspects of the ecology o~ the region. Since the large portion of the area represented is now depopulated of aboriginal peoples, the data assembled here is extremely rich and detailed. lhi'!3 type of research has the potential of integrating many phases of the Su5itna Hydroelectric research that either have been done autonomously <e.g. hydrology h.mbttat, archaeology, contemporary land use>t or not at all (R.g. ethno- history). The best of this material has been derived from close tr~nslations of narrAtive in the Native l~nguages. People such as Shem Pete, Jake Tansy, Jim Tyone, and Matthew Titus have access to many kinds of information about these areas which predate all historic and scientific ....... a""ecords. - ...... L lnl:roduetion (c:ontintl~d) r'<;H't.:!On$ of th~ totor-rit:Of'i4'S. Of ttH·~~ i~P-lH'i<.t'!f t'-1Hn.b~.~k:<.r1 l-it.rt9Uil.'i)E.' grOUP'!>~ !;h~ o~n;a·' "'a, Ahtn&, and Lower Ti.n<!l.n.~,, OC:<:•Jr hli thin thO? ;..rO?::.. IJrld~r :!!t•Jcb" F':?llOI«Jing t'i ~ briif dea.cr!ption of t4ll'r-rit.•;:,ri~l bound.:o.ri~-~. l!<?Hloa-mt?r.t patt~rns, and ~ubsls.t~nce cycl~s during th~ 19th and :oth ce~turiet. R•f•r also to ~ccompanying map~. Th~ Dena' ina are divided into four subgroups or-dialec~s; Inland, Iliamna, Ouh, .. In1<£>t, .!l.nd Uppllr Inlo?t (,.J, K,a,.ri, 197!"!i), of 'Aihir.:h only t.ho? h.tter· ~.r'l:' lnclud~~&d in this study. G&ogr-~ophical la.ndmar-ks for Upper Inl~t D.,r,~l ina t~rrl tory ar~ Granite Point on the wist, and Point Pos&ession on th• Kenai P•ninsula on th• east. Devil Canyon on the Susitna River ~nd Broad Pa~s occur on the north~rn bordQr. Of th~ four Ahtna subgroups; Lower, Middl~, Upp~r, and West~rn (Suck and Kari, l975. de Laguna ~;nd t1cClellan, 1991), only th~Jo latt~tr is relevant to this !tudy. Tht W•~tern Ahtna have the Su~itna a~rl Chulitna river• as grtographic:al landmarK-. on tht wtst and 5hare a '$OUth.ern botJndar·y \.&Ji th tho.!' D~na' ina in the TalK9etna Mountains. Th• Central Talk&~tn& Mountains was Upp~r Inlet O~na/lna t•rrltory prior to whit• contact (sei pa9~s 48 & SO>. The McL~r•n Rl v"ii'r is a 1 andmark on the-VJ')St~rn botJnd::..ry o+ the-t,l~·c.tel"n Ahtna and the Yanert River wh&r+ it inter~•cts with the Nen~na Riv•r i~ a northern bounda.rv, In the 19th c~ntury the W~stern Ahtna app~ar to have txpand&d northward into Low•r Tanana territory via the Upp~r r~~nana R1~•~ and the Delta Riu•r <s~e pao• 61). Th~ Lowtr T~nana art divid9d into six re;l~nal bands; pe1ta-Goodpastor, Salcha, Ch~na, Wood River, Nenana-Toklat, and ~!into~ ~nd thre~ dtal~ct areas. (1"1cK+nnan, 1981:564). Tht '.•J•::.od RI•JE'r ;...nd Nenan.,.-T.,kl;.~ !<.'"'& r·el~•.).il.tl~ to this ~tudy. They are bounded on tht west b~ th~ Kanti!hn~ and TolovAna riv•rs, th~ ~outh by the in~•r~tction of th+ Upper Nenana ana ·Yan~rt riu~rs <al thouQh this boundary h&$ not b•&n ad~quattlY r~$tarched). ~nd immEtdiatlilb' t:o t:ht ea.-..t bY thtfl W•:)Od River. According to Shinl<t;Jin &rtd Case, 1~84:22, more fieldv.1orK i·;; noteodtd to determln~ th~ !'"tC•r-thern boundz:..r; .... DENA' INA Th~ Upper Inlet D•na'ina are divid•d into three aubgrotJps, or r~gional bands; Susitna River Basin, Knik Arm, ~nd TyoneK Ar&a <Kari 1977 and Fall 19$1). Thtt tE-rrtories a..nd ii-ubsiste-nc€< ·:·tcles of t.ht! fir·:t ~, . .~.:, 'iJr•:.tJp·! occur within th• ~r•a of this study ~nd ~rt described belo~~. ~ocal blnds in th9 Su~i tna Rlu~r Ba..~in group w~.-.~ th9 Alixander Crt~K. Susi ~na S~ation Red Shirt La.K~t, Upperr Yent:na, .:~.rtd l<rl)to Cr>Joo;.K ba.nds. The-io..:::o.l band:. of the Knik Arm t0~H·9 Sld•.ltn-il, Hattt.nt.ak~. ii'.rtd hlo;~t.~rn Knik Ar·1T1. Thill Susit.n~ Riu~r 6~.sin O~rd ... irn. oo·:>i•Hl':i!<oj .Ti, t~r·ril:•:r-. •·.thl•:'"' -: •. t.:-r,·::l~·:.1 fi"'•:.m tt'n? mo•Jth ·;:.~ tho& :5•.Hi trtl. Ri11er to ~!'hl' f..:.othi ~ ;i ..; . ..: t:-:.;. '~1'<-a->l'tn:.. ~·'.::.•.Jr.~;,ur 1 :;. ar•d th i A 1 a-sk !1. Rar,.~e. ,..:, t: o.)ne t i rno: ~. IJrTJo?rou! t-,1 I r. t ~r '··'I ~ 1 i\t:,~ 5 .; ,, I ·:s ~ o? d ·::·r· the-lor.·J~t~ (i'ntr•3. :.no l.:v1.;or ~r,d mid•jl:;. ·=·•J:.t t;r,to. r::l'.)-i'r=. -;:.~.~~ t:-.r ... 3~:oti•:•rt \,qq. major •Ji11~g~ in r;:.r~cor,t;.:,c~ tim<ts ·;o t' ;.bcJ•Jt 1·::·35, T~>-,~r-.. .._r~ ,·,.::-C··Ht~·· inti!. 'J i i l .:1. g ~ ·~ n ·::,vJ : n t: r, 1 s -:-n t ' r·-:-a r t il. • - - - - - - - r·J~.t~nu~Sl<i>. Ri·J~rs. 3oth thti? Ch!JQ.i!.Ch ~.nd T~ltU~o?tna t10IJ!"'ta.ir.·:; ;,r;.:j pre~ent day ~nchor~g~ ar•• w~r~ u1ed for ~ubal 5tenc• pyrpoi~W. f)~r~~-'ir.a •dlla•;~e 1 E1<1utna, r·o;:•mains in this -i.lrF.-9 toda· ;.Jt:l"~>;j:.J•;n man~ 4ormer villag~ ~it•s· 3 t h,;. On l. t h\1i'O' •ii> F::.ll (l9:;il:O h~s r~construr:ted thJ? stJb<$i~-t.-..n•:e-cn:loE>~-:;i: tM~ :·;'th O:::rt>rt~• ... r'" Ut::• p t? r-I n l .;. t [)(;> n a·· I n a • H• d& f i n e s t h :•.,. ~ p -?. t t (I' r n "' ~ '' •. 1 ) ~he : <:) iiJ. :11: ~-l p :at 1: If: r n c.f th£? lot.vGor Susi tna River ol:\nd !y)rP:OI< D~n?.·' :r.a~ c:n tho? int~r·ior D~d~~rr, :'.1.,: tht ypriv~r SU$itna o~na'ina~ (3) the KniV ~~m pattern, which comoin•s tl•m•nts of the oth~r two r~g1ons.h Th~ coastal pattern 1S divided 1nto hvo subgroup·i, ~he !..owe!" Susi tn.:a Rioo:-r 8&.sin and the r.Y·or.t:!'k ,:::,r'ti• o·f ,,.\1hlcl"t •::·nl th·~ LCvJ6'r' Su'idna River Basin pathrn is releov~r~t. tc.• thi; s.ttJd>··. The subsistt•nce pattel"n o-f t:Jo:: D>?na·'ina of thq. L•;)vJer Susi~na R1~·~r Bas;r1 is di;r.cu~fi~d b€-low. Fr'om lah fall to M~l"ch Of" Apr-il the 04-r,a'in~ ,,.,~,..tit based in winter uillag•$ which wer~ commonly situated on s&lmon itr~ams or 1ak&s that w~r~ abundant jn r~sourc9s. Oth~r considef"ations for choosing • winter village sit~ were the auailabil ity of a good wood supply for fue1 and good water -for drinKing and cooking as well ~~ the nearb~ prt~tnc• of ~ large f"ivGrs and trails to insure &~sy transportation. Th& Den~'ina also prtf~,..r~d to locat€' their winter villaQes on or near bluffs which w~r• us~d •• lookouts both for 9ame &nd for ~nemy parties. '" ~1'1'? <a.pring~ usu.ally Apri 1, the-l..OliJ&f" Susi tna Riv!l!'r Sa;ir1 O~?flll' in~ l.ct-ft their \.<Jinter nomes and travelltE-d tc.l camps loc:a.ted on Cook lrd.;.t: oftE<n ne~.r th~ rr,r.;.u th·s. of major t. treams suer. -~.s tho:-::S•Js i tn .~ R i •,•o:;.r. Here t!"ti-Y t'ntn t~d liJ-i.t&I"'T-oto\.tl and b~a'J'il" -follOt"..ed bY seals 01.0d b~lug.a in .June. Th'i'Y al!!o fi::.hed for c:and!ol'tis.h and du9 ~!d}'s.:<.r•Jm ?-)Pin•Jm, "lr1di"n po1;atoe-·!," AYter compleotint;) thti<se< a<:ti<Ji t.!&s tho?~·· e-stabl i ::hi.lld t.r • ..-m-:.tl•J>!-~ in .JtJro.., ;..t aalmon fish camp~ on the 1af"9if" sldt stre~ms of the Susi tna Riv~r wh~r• t:hi>Y f'o?m«.ini?d throut;~hout most of thoSo :ummer. Th1.11:.>? c:..mp-;. ,,., .... r·e o::ontJeniently located near the vJint~f" villJt.9es. In the f~ll Lower· S•J»itn.ao River· Sasin Dt?na.~in.a •~<hi'nt: to h•Jntin•;, ar·>iEo.·;;. irt ~h.t!' n.e-.=.rby m•:'lur.::.~lr,;;, :u..;:-. as Mount Susitna, &nd to lake oSonuircnm~nts. TheY obtained -fian. b~&v•~, mu~krats. and moo~~ in the laKe envi~onm•nts and b~~~, ground SGUirrels l!nd m.t\rmcts in the IT•OIJnt-ir.ins. The/' .so.l:::.o h.::~rvest.;od c;u.~ntitie~ of t••;>r·r.-:-::. Hunting ~xpeditions fof" ~he•p also took place during this $tason in tM1 upp+r Yentna River drainage. Aft9r th~ fall f1shing and hunting sea~on, theY ~eturned to theif" winter villages were the; rem~ined b•sed unt1 I the following March or April. Tht food pre~erved during the rest of th• /ear for wint~r was ~uppl9mented by hunting mooie and bear during th~ wint•r and fish1ng thf"OU9h the ice of local lakes for trout and other avai !abl~ ~ .fish ~pecies. Th~ iUb$l•t&nce cyc1& of the KniK Arm O~na' ina althou;h simi:~~ in mos~ ;:~spect·s to that o.f. th.ao L,:~wer ·;usi tn;... 6-i.~i n j)o?nr< · 1 n.?., h;.u1 •':•m'!' ::!i =~ 1 n·: t •::ltffel"&nr.s-s. In H;~ ;pri"l·J u-,. ~:niK Arm p~opl"3' rno•1<1>d frt:om n·, . .;.ir· •·•i".~~r ••il tag~s to th• Anchor~ge •rea or Join~d Su~itn~ o~ople ~t ~he mout~ :f ~!" . .;. S•J'St tr;'Jo to ':)bl:':l!r, o:~n·::lloit+•·:al't ·'H"j ·:•t'",..-r ;.,tJit.l J.o.~tl•'} r-·>?SOI..Jr··=~=· ,..;,..,:~.:·r ·:.bt; ;u n; n•_d •.:. ;..n·:.+l <:?f i ';!', t:il•~::·' (;r ~··~ 1 ':\'•:: to F 1 r~ ! :; 1 ~r":l ~rH:l 1 •.:Jt,J>:r ;: rr· ~:;: ·::-· r·. 1 k ~r·m t r.:• ·:s ~ t •J ;> :.~ i l'!',•:•n ·= ~.mp ·;: : n •::tr· .j~ r ~ .;j h ;..r· '',.. ·:; t 1< i ~~-~ ;; :..1 rr.·-:~r. ? a ~-' ~;; : ~ : .-:-·:·r, ·:1-:'j ,,.:,t rrt•:O•J'!' •Jp mcJ.": st:r .. "~m-:; ~~-lt ..-mpt·. tnt•:. r_:.;.p.:-r ~n1'• '-irm :•.r,.:: ~!'"1·:-~.;o ·:-~~ :.!~ !t,r-~ ·:tf ~~:,•:tr ·~t.f~.t: •~,., -~,jJi ~!""}ti \.~f;ll+" Mr·ITi C~~rat-. tr,,!, ~!'i\•j ~~~ ~r'~4•...tE-1 .::;.r·,;r.i•:1"'r.;,..bl·.· f•.Jrt.h.a-r +·')r > .n~ ::almon thHt tt";":' IJr;:.po&r :;.J:;I ,,..,~ ~·J~t"'• C•.;:. ro ~ ,, II'"• :t • ..:. f t eo r· ~ r...,. •· 1 r, ·ii :; :.<. I m <:~ r, r· '.J r,;;. t h -? ~. r. ; ~ ,.;. r· tTl ::• .;. •:• C• l .;-rn ·=·" ~ <::: : ;. E ,,~ ~ rr. o? r ~i·.lmon ·::HY'IP~ •·-•hi•:r. ''·'*r'"' !•: .. •:3tt.;d uo t<no~. rH'r!"' ~: :·bt.;,,·, ,:.t::·,oi>r .;.c.-:o•:1.:.:: •:J>f ~1·1.1n'u;)f"!, tr. i':h~ ~~.11 t.hi?f tra\J.~lled int•:=t the ChiJ<;..;;.•::I: .:;.n•:i T"\11-;iW'f:·n; .. f"k·•urd:ii<.i:1·s to hunt ;.hflll"IJ, bear.r·q., o;~roun•:l aq•Jirr~l ~ .• ;..nd rnJ!.r-nv·Jt"$. C?.r !l.;.ou w•ro &l~o haruesttd with f~nces. The remaining wtnt•r &nd •pring ;,t,ctivl~ili'S "f th"' !<;nil< Arm O.:on3.'inar. ar·e 'Qimi!:..r· to thos~ •:•t tl"pl? L<:;.•: .. I•Z''' Susitna 8asin Dena'ina. Th•'i' l<l"'oto Ce~ei'l< bar .. j (ro)f~rr·E>d to*''~ IJpp~r Su:;.i tnil 8.~·:oir: O'ii·n;..' irt!J\ 1:'"1 F.a..l1 1~:>81-, ·~oll•;t.•.Jed the b<i.~ic -sub'S! :;t,..nce patterns of i:h€' L\.:J~,·~:r ·:;u;;.1 tn;;. 9;;.'0l.in D~n~.'in.v. b•Jt. I>J>i'rl'? m•::H''i' orioa-nted to ttH: int'i'ri•::lr tl'".ar. t:-• .e-co.;..:t .... Jhtch ••J.it'<> f'\i'lativii>lY distantly loc.::~.hd. In tht ::.pring somli •:>t th+ Upp.;.,~ Suiiiil:na Basin D•na'ina fished for trout at tht outlet~ of lak&s whi 1• othtri tr,w..-l1""d to the mouth of th~ Susitnao. RiV~i" to tr-i.·.::l~ IAJit.h tho!' L·~t•h?r e.Mtin Susi tna D•na'ina for c~ndlefish ~nd other eal t water resour~es. The) did not, hO~\IIt<J~r, o?<i'itabl i·oh subsist>.H\C:! Camps thert. S~c~u;;~ i!i,l t W.\•t~r ~••cure~! w~re not re~dily avallabl• to them, th~ Upptr Su!itna easin Otna'in~ W9r9 •specially dep9nd•nt on th~ ~ar1y king s~1mon runs as w~11 •• other s~lmon runs. They ~stabli5h@d camps for harv~sting salmon on tributar·i·:Jos of th& Susitn.a Ri~Jer In their .;area. In t.hli> fall thty trav•lltd to the Ta1K~•tna Mountains and th~ foothills of tht Ala•kil Ran;• to Munt she~p, caribou, bear, ground squlrr~ls, and marmots. Th~y a' §O hun hd bear, bea•Jer ~ .and moos• in the l o•.Nl.a.nds of th'i' i r ar.;o~ in the f& 1 1 and ~int~r. Durin~ the wint•r th~y wtre b~sed in winter $~ttl~m•nt·• ~s w&re oth•r Upper lnl~t Oen~'ina. During this sea$on theY also trav~ll•~ to T"'•::.neK ~nd ot.h~·r Upper lnlott !•;,cations to trade ma•;nt.aln ro&·~o,JrCUl f!J,' sal~ water resources. According to O$good, 1937:60 th• tradtttonal wint~r houses of the Urp~r Inl~t Oena'ina wert larg~ sem~-subterranean ~tructurQs <n1ch1~) thit som~tim~s m~asur~d iorty +•~t long by ~hirty f~~t wide. Swe~t houats wer~ attach•d to th~se buildi~gs. Mo4•, spruce lo;s, 1nd birchbarK wer~ iome of th~ mat9ri•ls u•ed in the construction of thes9 buildings which n•Jmber'?d f·::.•Jr or -t i ~~o: in ~ 1 '!!.r·•~ vi 1; .~o;;.•, ( Upp'i'r In l ~ t i rdor-mt<.n t a ~mphasi:~ the larg~ size of th~ nichi~ in this 1re~.) Aft•r Puss1~r contact in th& 19th c~n~ury the o~na'ina b~gan to build log ~cus•a that w~r• to~allx abov~ ;round !nd smalltr th•n th~ ~ubterranean houl~s. 5o~h underg~cund and abov~ groun~ c1~hes wer9 s•condary structures that war~ built ir, thl.i' wint~r •;ill~gt!i''l-a.-:. t.'l'l'll a-s S~.t fi-sh c;..mps :Hod oth•r-!~r: •. t,..•;;tr·: locatrons. According to Osgood, 1937:6~ th~ Upptr Inl~t o~na' ina Yitd th~ i r s.mokehou·itf ·i.S their· or i mar·v dwe-l I i ng wh~n a. i t.•J at &d dur i n9 t:he SIJM'Jm•:<r· months o.l: thotir· salmon fish o:amp. Th• smr_,kehous+ ••J.i,s coratr:J•:toa-d ll!Y laying 'Strips of bir~h barK ov9r a polt fram~worK. Townsend tJ99lz,28>, how\i'ver, says that the traditional fish-camp hOIJ$1i'S wer-t!!' imal\ ·!i.urf&.cct al"ld •od and lo9 structures that wer~ $tparatt from th~ smoK~hous~. Fis~ drying rl~.cks J.vero~ also const:ruchd sep,').rahlY. Semisph'itrical l•:•do~Js. built OUi: Of 1otripS Of birt.:h bar!< l~id O•Jfor btrtt pelt$. I<J>!'rE< t.~mp•:•r·.'C\1";.• s.tf"'IJO:tiJ!"I?·:t: u~&d f-:>r ~he!t~r on huntin9 trips <l)sg·~o·::J 1 1'?37:o3>. L.lt~n-t•:··~. ;..nd f.l:in ttpi·:. w~ri!' other t~mpor~ry :.tr·uct•JrEt-·s bu1l t for ~h•s. O'.Jrp,:•toit. In th~ hio;.r• r:•:••Jnt:r-y, t.•.!ho?n huntin9 9I"'Ound ·;:qiJirr"l'l Qr :;h~o?p .:..h•;)~'>? "i·-r•t•o;.rl :n.:;., ;.lr,:.yr· ;.h...,lt.er .. :;., !tno~.<m ;...;. •J'Jro·ih~ q.;on~?h, !l"t!' r-:oport<:d. t·1f..Jo::!,:;o;·,·, .:;:.:;. .• · C·•?rt?..·in.$. hur.tirii;;_J :;o.nd tr~pj;lti9 •:.;,.btn-s t~r"j ~o !':: 1·~9 ;;':r•J•.:t•Jr.:,; 1.1h1 ·• ;.r··~ tc .. :;.ttol!o•:.1 it~ ': • rrt b.:-r n .;. :o r "' '1 •: u r .:;: ~ •:J -i ·~ •::. C• d •:! r 1 r1 ~; 1 n g · · • ~ ~ ? r :-r· •::1 .;. ~ ~ ? :. , ~· r-:. ': .: .. j y •:• t .. ; .. t .: r· ::•;.;:h .~: :. • H'•)? : t:--?.~m •:Jr· 1 ;ke <~. 1-'H i. n:::•t.;o;s;•. - .j .- J ~ ·-.; .. l ! ~ f ~ 1..1 ~ . ...; I : ~ r.· , q C• iJ '>: •,.:. ,;...· . -. -J.;··: -l~.JJ:nL,:. :• :_J l ~ '$ ~ i 1 _1 .;.. 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')fr1r. r:i (.d:t ~ ~ r?' f~1C\.l £ n 9 t:,~ (~VJE' i.!t n p t? r rr,.an-? n t lt s co ~t $-~:•n ~ 1 1 ,T' tJ ·= 8-tj '.: arnp =·. f' J ·?-if~ rt :; ~~.:i ;:j t h ~ T0!: i ,l L R:·h:r, tt,,,z; pl;;..::<&s S€-2>"-0t"o~ll• ~.b,;nd;.n~ •r. ,;-;.lmon, v.;.,.r·e tr.~ h···: c.r:m.::L·· iH "' .?, ~ f I' ·::.I:TI !.A,! h : c h SIJl'J-:. i :;; t ... rl c E-a..: t : " I ~ i ;:. ~-t ·=· 0 ~: ~ i .;., .: l? • I fl i: h E-:: I.J rr.rn;:: f ::· •? ':1 r~ ; ''-" ·ft'$he·:! fo..-· ::s.i'llmon rn th~ silt·-· !a,n~r,.;.. Riv>?r' v.r;t.h f·:~h ,,.~r.~.:•ls .:.nd +•::h -f:;· ~.p<;,. 8e.for>? thi-1 n ~roduc t i or, ·:'rf + i ·;o.h L<Jh.:.?f' l s 1 ;, ,.,_,.,. ~<'.:..r l .,.. ; :.r t ,:,·f l:h<? tv.z~ntieth Citr•t•Jr~,·7 S\Jmm<?r : .. ,.,1mon fishin.;, took pl;..ct? 111 c1·E:>~r•;H-.f:r~r s 1 d f~ s t r· .;; <•.m ::. c• f l: r, .: ·r ;.. n an :. R i •J o? r-• A f t >? r t h .r-s u mrr1 >? r· t : :; h , n ·~l :. iH•. ;; c· n •.-.: ::.. !i o•.Jc>r ~ P•?ople mcPJ·~·j out +r-om tl~n.-..na. to the ,r·e~ b€-hH~•~n UH· tlen:..n;:> .':'.nc! Toklat River3 and th& foothi 11! of the AJ aska Rang• to hunt ~nd trap. Moose~ caribGu, she@p, And t var-19ty of small game ~nd furb~ar1n9 £,j;:&c:rt:>i t>.•~r;:. h::~ru-r~t~·d. In f'lov~mb~r +~mil it?::. cor~gr-=-g.;ti!'d :..t :;., '"'' t~ ,::,r, :he T·:Ji-'i.lt Pi~.'o?t' t~' t·,ook ;_:.r ·::;:;>?s .. r :pl1<Jn1n9 .:hurr. s.aln.-..::•n. Ul·l'-:-n -;prtr•g ;_ ~~ r ~ v e d f ~J.rn ! 6 ~ ~ ·i ~ ~.~ ~ n t to .. t-r ~? •·, 1 ~ ' ~-t o "=-r1 .;..-, r ? q r c. :J n d ;.. q 1.; 1 r r i' 1 ~ $. r •. j t r1 ~ r. n\ ~~ • .' ~~ · ~ to the Minto fl~ts via the T~Klan1~i ~1uer ~o hunt duck! and mus~rats ~nd -!:.~.) di'J H~d:t:.'§-i!l"jJrT'I al~·in•Jr-,. :.Jhiteti~~, ;;.r,i.i-.;.fi:.h, pik.t? 2.nd ;:.IJ<::rs-ri:. •·-Je-r.:o 11 :;o h~.r·"••?J;t"1'd ··~· th s.:-t >~.:t;. r-t t.h1·:: :;"'ason 1n tJ-,;. T~.nan.:-. R1•,•.:,:.r· ,.no - or·oli";;bl,· C•tht-r l::JC;.l.l 1 t;:.:;_ ir. tho? spr1119 ;..nd fc.ll \••lt"l!•.:h n.;?.:;.,j !;.::: t:>~ r+:S•2H·•:r.-·c ! n •: on t & rn p C• r <t. r· >"' t 1 iT •.;. s t h €' '-'J i 1 d r· •: s o tJ r r.: >? •J :. >? ~· r >? ?J. .::. t ~ M -: ! I ;;-r1 ;. r·, :. c .,. <:>e:· ~ '"' h ;. ::: t:1e upp!:!r ~~-jlc--.~~na f;:itJ~r .j;--.;.in;ge ,~; ~-nc,rtr,~rn t··~ur~a~r·;.-~nt::! ::~~;,;. ;r:r·J~..:11~~· ~l.tn~n:?. ~~i•1.::r· ,::;r;._;,~,6\g.a-,.:; ;.., !OIJth.:rn :·oiJr,d~r·:··· Th<? ;,r~;.. bo;.t•<~·?.::-n r;-..;,. -~<:..ntishn;. and tJood Ri••<?r~. is tho? io•::,.:: •::•+ tt·,..: m7..jor·1t.· ot :ub~~::c•·::r:•:.? ':\Ct.it.'iti.,.s. T.:•d.:.:>· the?.\? aCti<Jiti.:>'S t.;.k.;-pl:o,c:E-!:•r~rn~ri~,~ ~'"C•m ::·-:~rrn.;;.r,•:•r•t r· -:-s i d ~ n .;: ~ ~ ; n t h 'f: c •::.mm u n i t y Q f N ~ n ~. n ·'-' .• S •.::Jm e f .;, m i l i ~ :; a. 1 ·~ o m '"'-1 , t. :; 1 <'· -i ' F' c~mps which 1r• located on th~ Tan~na Ptue~, the m~Jori t~ bQtng :St hJi!.toS>d ,,,~, thir• .o-. r.lditJ-5 of fourt>:->:?r. rr.i 1':?·:: .;:.f l'le-r•ana. A n•..1rt1b•?r .:;:.f >.n! 1, ... ::ds.o rnain~:,:~.in htJnting '!nd trz..pp•ng .::ab1n: in •:•ut1~··in9 ~r~?~~ ... ,r··•·:h ··r·::-•.:=·>:; dur i n9 -"-11 ::.:-as.on·::. but th.z. summer. Th,._ c~.b1 ns ::..r>? .:..11 st tu;:.t.:d •.:..r. :. r: ... ~ .. -t.:.: r 1 -~ i< ,,. ~-r 1 d ~ l 1 b u t ~ 1..11 o a r->? 1 .::, •: a t .;o d ,,.I 1 ~ t'l i n ;, 50 -m i 1 .;. r· .!<. d i u ; ..:. f i l ~ r. :-r, ;. . - D•Jring th• summer salmon fish,ng v.Jht•:h occur·: in tr-..,_. T~nan'.l Pi•.Jo:;.r .... ,tr, +1sh ,,.Jheels ,nd ·:.o?t nets.!:. t:-,e-pPt:Tl-~rv s.ub·"-i~t>?no:-:-;.cti•Jtty, l·.lhJt>?-t,:;r .. sh~e-fi·sh, btJr\:Jot:, ctn•::! pikE-~ra ':llso h;.r"-':St€ .. ::! v1i th tt·.~ s:l1mon. (•,.~,;_;r,t,; ""~ :..f r;·e·rr· i .;.:: ":,~r~t ~-...th;.r-~d our i ;-,g th;;-=·.J~:Ii:<?r i'tr'pj .,;o;,..r l feo.ll ;;..l.:·n·;; lljj ~·, :·':~,.,.r· ~ i ;:;_ r~ t ·;:. p e ,: r ~ ·s IJ ·; . .: d + :':J r + ._:,c .. j ;_ r, ,j ~: r -? "' ~ ::: • -:= 1 ;-·:-• "r_: .. , .j : ;:. h .; r $).;: i· t .:-·) p r 1 .1 j ~_, • :--, ~h.;,. f 9.1 l ~.n d '····! i r. ":.;. r . :~ l :·r··~~ · •I j.o.i"~ ~ ~· i r:--l•:.•n t: Eh ~ ~~!-;, ~ .:~j ,. -... -. ,. t •. lt"' 1 .. :1 """"• ,_:, r.) :; ..fo -J t. ~ ~ : ~ ·; ~~ r (~· ~ -: : ;· '!'~ ) : ··~' ·~ ·:~ :::> n ~' r: :.. ::;. 1 ·; : 1 · :: ~:,. '~ .. 1 • • • ~· r· ...: , ..,. ~ ·. · ~~ 1 ~ .:-:. ·Jpr 1 '-'•·?r· ~r-1 ; <· = . ~~~Jnt::.:-•j ~r, ~~ .. ? --..~ ~::r ~ ~-:~;-:·;~ t~ ;-J~r~~.r.~-·:--.~~-··1 ~t: ~r-.+J ~.i.: .. :,d ~~\1 .)-=!J· c.E-~~-:.,J.~ .. ': .~ ... r •=:trt~>.? !·f~t .. ,: ~ ::: ::~-~~·:! •: ~~ €-r: ,,-~ 1 ·~:3.J :. , ·:::·:·~J·~~; : .:.:p. t-t:•lJ :~ ),j b-:?.;-:--t ~~ ~:-·•,._:. f:: ·: :~ j 1 ~ r, 1 n ·· ~ .,:.. " ~" =: :--·. ·? rr · ~ ~.r ~ . '·-"1l·d ... ~ ::"~ ._::: ·:; r :".J ~ & ;-, 'J r·. •. 1 :-, :~ ~:.": i: u r -~-~:u r ~ r1 ·;~ ... ,~. :: :k~n~ Shf~lk\~i~ ~;~~art;~=c~~~.; ~1~d;;~·.J f~·~a\9 ~~~-,: :~iJ.~.r-R~~~~r~; .us~::~~~-r~~ ~yn_1 ~·~~, Alaska. Technical Paper No. ·9r.AK Dept. of Fish & Game. Civision of Sur"istence. -~ ( (~:~ 1 t:;.J...> .. ~~ f 4 1} r .~.n ct hL:,:u:Jd (" l t) ~ r S 4·. ~~. \:J'$-1 ~ a~. C) the r t ,;t¥. ~ 5 ~lfl,j ·~~ i: t' ~~ .0rr: E ~: + t f·."' ~:. ~-~: .: .. T · ~ p p , r1 9 c· c c ;1 r ~ 1:1 !' i m 2! r 1 l )' b ~ t \'J ~ <l' '' t h .;;· l': ,1J. r. t 1 s-h r. >h. il• n cl T a. t 1 :;., ,., 1 t. .:: r 1 • <!:' ;· ~~-.. :'. ~-; -:: b{;;r ...• ,,.,, ,1nd m.iiirtt!n nr;:;-th~W ma11"1 furtH:ar·•?r·-;. t,i'ilk~n. J%!,;,;·,?1,· lvn:·, •.JOL.J?.I';·-·5:- .,, n ·::·! '·' .,, 1 f "'-!"' !? h <~< r· •,' ~ 'i£ t ~ d • < ... ,;.r:r-,;,.n .:19:31:57~) note-s th&.t .. ,~, •:ari€-tY of house •.,tyle~. t·J~Prs.,. Ui!+<.:l~ t~·'" f~rm depending on th• ~•aaon and the duration Qf stay A s~~n-cov~rq~. ·=!~;r,<!i•·:.:i lod~•r wio·:f t..li!€'.:'1 tr, the ~·Jint~r C?.mps. T!H" dC~ubl..:, i;:~.n-to, !"H)t.J'>:ng t": '•·"~' ·f <' f!H l i "' <;:. • '· \) ~-sr u ·! e :j ·f o;) r IT\ 0 r e t r Fd'H:l j t 0 r ,.. c .,:. Ill p s . Bar· k -·: C• ... ""r {' d . r. oJ t~ ;;$ i.-" ;2 r '"' ,;,l~o (:onstrt.Jctf>d, particul&rly .;~t ti'H• ;;ish c:.mps. Cl.:.:.mic4l Sl,.l\!!<tl"•c:.,J:;.e<E hl-2!<? &;;ot,?ll'atc-.;;.r,d l;.l&re much uso?rJ." Or.;;.ne r,J<?\9:88) d>:·<tcr:t:e-J. r..tl:.i?t,;.sr ~·n ·I ; <J, h ..;: ~rt~ p !!. o r1 t l"' t:· 1 Ot.\) e r· T a~. n ~ n a , Y u K or. , an d K o y u K u K r· i v ~t r· s. il' "'· b li' 1 n 9 I •.:. .:.: :< (: c! near g~od fish wheel Sttes. Living qu•rt~rs g•nerallv consisted of te~t~ ;dHH)lJ9FI ..:.om~ f.amilie-;:, u~te-d their '«moKe-house for th1s p1.~r·pc:.s€>. In conclus1on this summary of Upper Inlet Dena'ina, West&rn Ahtna, and Nenana R1v•r Lower Tanana subsistence cycl~$, territorial boundaries, &nd -s<'>itlem~£~nt t:vpes is 1ncomr;>tete due to lacl< of available information. The follC•\>Jino subJ~?ct. area.!. are in need of fieldtAiork in ord<Zr· to hE>ip fill tt"<li: gap~ in the data. To begin wl th the northern boundary of the Western ~Mtn2 ~nd the southern and northern boundaries o+ th& Nenana Rtv~r Low9r Tan~n~ have not bQen complet~ly det~rmined. Stcondlv, more informatton on tn+ aboriginal ~nd 19th through mid tw~ntl9th c•ntury subsistence cycle% of th.z t.J~:tern Ahtna. and of th~ Nenana River· Lo•;.HH' T~.nana \s neecliitd. D;;t;;, i·;, also lacW1ng conc9rntng the hunting and fishing methods u~•d by th• Lc~~r Tanana and the Weatern Ahtna, especially the Cantwell-Denal 1 and f£1kee~nl tand!. Finally, more information regarding settl•ment types .'tnd .::er+:.;.in :;tructtJr>?s IJSE<d by the t,..;~ste-rn Ahtr,a and t-Jenillna RivE-r LC"Jl.ver T.;..nan<:, is ne-e(jed. Fc•r &xC<.rnple, it is urn:-!rtair, whether the tradition~! winter residences of th~ Western Ahtna w~re subt~rranean houses as used bv other A~tna groups and the Upper Inlet Dena'ina or whether they were ltss perman~nt structures as used by th• Lower Tanana. ~ ... ~ 1" ~; - - - - .. - - 1ht Cantwtii-D•nali Ahtna •PP•lr to haue b¥&n u1rr mobile, rnaMing frtqu•nt '''CI'·' rH b~dt>.;(H~n th~ i r hunt i ~9 ~r·d H shin g camp$. At 1 ~ iU ~ in t !'!~ r.u.rnor· Y of p~•stot d~Y &lder• of that b~nd thty did not liv~ 1n largt 1 subt~rran!an, ~in\tr hausti call~d th~t de LagunA and HcCtellan C19S1:645> cHH.;:r! lHI for otiHtf' Abth~, Mt ~r1marr con1ult~nt of th~ Cantwtll-Dena1 i band, an ild~rly man who gr~w vp w a ~ulh tl~adltiona1, ~ami-nomadic l!ft §tyh and who n.u thr-oughout hi1 1ift travelltd widtly withtn h!s band'• territorY, notes th~t ht ntv!r 1lu•d in that styl• of house nor ha$ ht tvtr found anY r~mains of it with!n his cou~try, Al50 ht ntv•r htard hi~ tldtrl r~t~r to 1 !ving In one J·ltnough he i1 hmlhr with it becau!!>t ptopi• of tt•• T>·ontt Biand re~ide1 in a ~1ll~~t constructtd oi iubt~rrlnt•n housts during his youth. In co~t1·a~t wh*n ht Wi~ a y~ur.g p•rson 1 ht livtd during the winter in a 10 X ~2 can~as wail t•nt which, according to him, Peplaced th~ small, circu1ar 1 skln-cover~d lodging that wa$ us•d befor& his tim•. This lodging had a op,~iog on on• tidt in iront of which a flrt was built. Both tht canva~ t1nt and traditional wlnttr lodging wert v&ry portable ~nd weli adapted to ~ p~opit ~ho ~ert frequtotly on th• movt. Ht nott$ that winter camps wer' alw~y~ built In the timb•r &nd usuallY near a source of water although '3.now wu mtlhd ii thttrt> wu no othtr availablt wahr. In contra't to wintor camps, summer c~ps wer• locattd out of th~ timber in ord~r to m&kt bttttr us• o~ tht wind for drying rn•at and fi•n and to 1ind r•ii~1 from lns@cts uuch as mo,quitoes. Hunting c~ps w•re situated abov' tlrnb~rllnt whtr~ thtrt was brush which thtY u~td 4nr firt~ood and nta~ ~ $OU~Ct of water. Th• liulng quarters at fi~hing c~ps wer• located on a rise as th~ grobnd nta' tht laKt or strt~ ihcrt whtre tht~ fished ~as ww~py. WhQn ht was a routh, my con1ult~nt lived during the summ~r in a t~nt ~nlt was mtdt out of a vtrr ll~ht cloth and which was $Maller than the canv&~ t1nt, probab1y atvtn or •lght fttt In length. He said that h~ thought th• sumtr dwtl1 ing ustd btfort his tirllt consl"'ttd of t,l<ins draptd ovtt' polt~ similar to a tarp. Summtr camps aho had rack~ made out of pol~s tor drying m•at or fish. At fl~h c~ps pit! w~rt dug about thrtt f~tt de•p w•r• ustd for ftrm•nting fish in. StruchH'ItS for hking .wtat baths wtrt built at both winhr and summtr r.&mps. Thoy wtrt constructed by b•ndlng the stems oi a +lftxiblt ihrob $UCh a• wtl1~ into a domt sh&pt ovtr which s~ins or in post contlct tim~s blanktts wtrt iaid. Rocks wtr•t htahd up ouhidt thf sweathauu and then plac•d in~idt o~ It whtn p&r~lcipants wtrt rtady to batht. Wattr was pourtd over th• rock1 to product steam. Thtrt wert also stparate shtlters for mtnstruants and plr~~ritnts. Tht Cantw•ll-D&nali Ahtna built several type~ of c~che~ which were tituattd At strattgic location~ such as important hunting and fishing artls. My consu1ttnt noted that th•Y ~lways had one good cache located ntar W•lls Crttk at timberline. Heat was brought over tht mountain and cach•d ntrj in the fali btfore thty continued on to Valdez CreeK. Thtr would r•turn to tht cacht in the winter whtn thtr ntedtd meat as it w&$ 1ccat@d on the way to important hunting grounds. Due to th• band'~ mobil !ty, cachts w~re not loc&ted at tvery camp sitt. Tht caches wtrt shared by all families of tht bands who each had their ~~n ar•a in the CltCht. ~-"' ,,' .. ",. .i 'i• . ' ~ :1··.' l'i'\'Of C{H~twflil-OtHll!lli p•oph 'otutruchd on~ t>·p~ ot c<tchll whit:h vJ<~t$ mor~ Ol" 19~& p~rm•nent on polt~ abou~ ground ahd anoth0r typ~ an the ground. Buth ltptl o1 each•• w1r~ built out of 1ogi ~nd could vary ln 1i2~. Only polt esc~~~ wtrt built at fish c~mps to ~tort fish in b•tause thtt iiford•d tht noc1Dsary air circulat!ann to prev9nt rot which th• ground cach•s did iH~L t~ thir-d trDt of u .. c:ht which \!IU ~or· hrnpor.ary usa~ tosil~ bud t out of .. O{;i(\1\ In thi mounh.int abovet tlmberi ine w(ltrt thUQ had bun .;)\ ,·ot:!< ~~ !dt, Th~ meat w&s plactd on tht Qrcund betwttn layers of brv~h av~r whii:h laq;t rC:u::IU, wert 'aid. Th0 roc1<11o wti"Q a couph of httt hi~t: ~nd l•JfiQhlld 7C to SU poun~•· Mu.t wu. cached in thif> war at fi•uu-u;~ and t•'u r•turntd to when needed. Tht Cantwf:ll-Denali Ahtna built & kind ot g&mt blind out of rocll:1 i.'l th~ mountains. Rock$ wtrt 'i1td about fiut fttt high with hoi~• left in the pih to !!>hoot through. ThtY wtre con5tructtd In stl'&hgic locatiol'l$ near r..tr·iboou tralh. Ont particular rock blind 11 nld to haut bun bui1' our ~ <!!.pring en Buth l.ake where caribou camt to drink. The Canhv•11 ... Dtna11 f.thtna. construchd +tnc~ta with ~maru. attached for harvesting caribou, moou. and t.hup. Th• ftncts which night bi a mih long w•r• mad& out of ~pruce pole~ and the sn•r•s aut of rawhide. An ld~al moo$• ~nart f~nce would be pllct along~ moo5t trail and would tno at a blufi which th~ moost could not asctnd. A caribou snare ~enct rntght bi titu~t•d &lcng a mountain sidt whtr& th•re was a caribou trail. Tht Cantw~l1-Dtn&11 people also made a kind of ftnct to dirtct ca~lbou into~ lake whtrt thty would sptar them. Tht ftnce conslsttd of po~t• placeo about 100 fett apart t~~t ran in the dir~ctlan oi th• lak&. NO$S was placed on top of tht posts to look likt men so that the ca~ibou would be frighbntd towards tht la.kt. McKenn~n <t981t5il> summarize• tht typts o1 houses ustd by tht Tanana Athabaskan. •A varttty of houso atyles wort ustd, the form d•pending on tht soa~on and tht duration of stay. A skin-couered• domtd lodge was US!d in the winter c~p5. Tht double lean-to, housing twa famil i•5, was us&d for mort transitory c~p~. Bark-covertd huts wtrt &l~o constructtd, pArticularly at th• fl$h c~ps. Domtca1 swtathousts were separl~e and w~?rt moc:h und. • iht~ typn. oi lltructur•s tht Ti.nan• Atiubaskan bu I H di Her ~rom thou o-f thl! Cant~Rell-D•na1 i In Ahtna a numb•r of ways. They constructed smoke housts for drying fish and mtat whllt th~ Cantwt11-Dtn&1i Ahtna only ustd ratks for this purpo~t. The T~nana Athabatk•n also built • kind o{ und&rground cache for ~toring fo~d a~ well as~ c&cht built on poles. Tht c~ntwtl1 Dena11 p•oplt do not report building the form~r type but lnsttad built ont on the sur1&ct of tht ground. Tht undtrground cacht which wat .framed with togs and had a birchbarl< roo-f was built about six ot· eight ftet into tht ground. Although thtY would uary In size, an avtragt und~rground each• might mea~ure t~lx hot widt and about the s&rnt in length. My Tanana con~u1tant did not know oi caching mtat undtr rocks tbov~ timberlin• a~ is describtd far the Cantwell-Dena) i Ahtna. Hcwover, he said thty dug pits 1intd with birchbark in dry Qround for ferrntnting fish a~ did tht Cantwt11~Denati Ahtna. TtH, Tanana Attubtskan built hli poh structurn in low, optn tnvironmtnh "'~ ... - - - - - - - - <4h~d1 w•H"~' lHSitd a' gii .. m~ lockouh>, l!i<.11f~~u,;r;~ thq C<H'Itwt!'ll-D~n~i 1 ;';htn.s. ·'·PPU't-"Utt did not CO{'a,tr-tn::L i'hi!>Y aho bi.!it·l long f~?nct1-.fr:lr r,narHHJ J.! i::<li" il:$~ui t~ot:litt~ am:t 'Sl'tii0p A>£ did the Ci!ntw<rll-Oen~i i Ahtfia. i"'y r;ot1'Hd t!.f.,1t ~}·a tonctrnl~g lhttp ffntes that thtY had ta pack th~ poltl up to wh•~i o,~;y tft1J! ~ t. Hvun a.bov~ t imbtr ll nt-. Rocl<'l w~re pi J •Hi around HHt ba'llf.1 rrf ~$t~ pvit tQ hold it in plact. &n t¢:l>H~lt.l'£ion this, sunrllilf'Y of th• ttructur·u U'itd by thtt ·r,&re.tn& ~tha.bastan <H<d Ca.rlh.;wll~·De-ru.dl Ahtna l<J not a!£ c:omphh u it might bt du~ to lack of tift.~?>. Het<i·~Vtiu·, it doe& rtViffW tht prirur;· stru<:turt~ which th•>' buiit. To n:;~t{tt It tnt-'!>UrPar>' mortt c:omp h h, seve~ra l ptr·$ons +rom e&ch group should bt lnt•rvitwfd. Dut to tlmt constraints I wat abl~ to work with only one !HU"Jt;n trf.;l-m ~E"ach gt'"oup. ~~t~stighitun Betnu r SK'anakatnu ·tr~l l goe~ ovar hill -creek'7 f'::¥~~)i: ~0r ~ r~r~ f~ek »: ~aH a su.l mon from Peters Creek that was et ght feet l eng. ~Perhaps the~• name• refer to twa different places. D!<::ef1'f i Betnu 'undargraund cache creek' creek in~o Peters Creek from north Qj s-d:.>ll i 8£-,tnu 'wide ridge creak' L1ttle Peter~ Creek LHntati ·widf-J ,~idga· mountain ~a<;;t o·f Chugiak Tuq·~ygh.i!-'ut 'where water flows through birch' point on beach at Birchwood between Fire Creek and Peters Creek Ch'wnettash Betnu 'we sleep-cre~k' Fire Cre(:<1k Ch · t'.!'ne-1-tash Ben a 'we sleep lake' Fire Lake Ben Ka'a 'big lake' L8ke Clunie Nutl 'eghghulk"et· 'sedge extends down' ·Hsh ~it.e 1 north of "1'1hitney", foF·merly Eklu.tna School fish camo l< 'qi ydul gh.ald: 'where we harvest fish' point "whitney·' north of Eaqle Bay 'For·l1'lewly Eklut:.na p~c.ole used +.:o put \.p +1~:>h :n t.his :;re3. 'l.The~y used to d!g up !·. 'tl"ila (hedy<::co.r .. ,_,,'TI alf.)tn·.•ml her-e. And t.he•.t used up dry fish far w&nter. They •l!o -~~de chuq111n (fer0e~t?d fl9hl. v · e1-te<.ydet;Jht 'where tt lS h1gh yp bluff and po1nt ~wo m1les nart~ ~f ~auth cf Eagle River Nuk'el~httnu - - - - - - -- -to pul: - - ·~,a~o we ~1ll•d Alutiiq~· u~c~cn·: 1t. ~~~ i r>+ (;;c;e-~~... r-~ot te~ ~1--.,r 5&1, l r)C i\ t t c.;n t:r-~t~er t 4-l. t F! -... 'tj.::tr.:k t . ..,J-ciJ.t~r·· ;·d.<Tu::<q<C~tn f.~rm1 <..d5o •JS~?d f•::;r Hop~.:~ tcvln"'i1te Whan thQ Amer1can~ eRma thev <ound a l~t of gold thara. Scm~ Dena'ina w2ro th~re, ~nd Ahtna. Johnny Whitd'S mother and falher lived ther9. And Steve Bismdrk and his wife. They were from the Wa5ila Lake vill~ge B~d they .noved tn Hcf.H:~ and Pcnnt PotSserssion~ Nut t F.ct :i. 1-·~n i 'th"'t. which flows into salt w<:1ter' I c;d t drt Cr er~l< In 1918, •-'h(!fl the r-ail gt."l through~ I seen that house L·Jhere ~ll the DeN"ht'ina _ usmd ta stay (just less than two mile north of the Indian section house!. That we.lt\ Tom Nikolai's mother's house~ fChidashla., she w..,H; from Kn1k. Sh~~ dieQ tn !9:34. In 1918 the cabin could have been 30 years olu. They had ~ gtind e~bi.n and a st~!ambath. In 1919 all the Nat.:.ves ·f-rom Kn1k, Tyone~<, and -K~nai used to hang out there. Good porcupine hunting. And she~p. They say that thert! used to be :fnic:hii-there. There ~re salmon there too. _ In 193L that Meuse was still there. huntim;J, porr.:rw1pi ne. <SP> My mother packed me th8re. We lived ther -i Esbaytnu ·goat t;:r eek ' B t rd Cr ere•,· Eklutna Alex wa~ the first man to kill a goat they say. There were no goats before, the first moose came here about 200 years ago. and the goat c:-::~me about 150 years 1 atet·. L~arn~d notes in 1898 that the trail up Bird Creek to upper Sh1p Cree~ was known by the Indians <1900;648>. .. ;>!u +_ ·.i :'· · ~. y· ·ab;~~t that •tand• in the w•ter· r•re t~land • "T'!·1e-r~e·% •. ,,ater a.ll around. It's just !tl-itt.tng 1n ths:-~tl<:\ter·" SP st•tve that before contact the Kn1k Arm Dena'ina had d tan1k'edi, fishing ~ dock, on the west shore of Fire Island. The Alex and Theodore fam1laes have ma1ntainad fl~h camps here since about 1918. Tt!dZI'fd:t ,n '$w1rltng watS!r' Weat Point on Fire Island fH n Ctu.'t\Jh i tnu 'crying ridge-creek' Ciitnpbt~ll Cre>e-k Nungga 'up1and area' 1'-iunaka Val Ley -"h•obably not a place name, but a Cena'ina directienal ~ord for the upl,;>,nd tHrection. o.n~ay from tf1e Inlet. Gh€-,..1 i s1·11 P. · b! ac~~ b~ar · Ti~ishla, mountain 5150 on north fork of Campb~ll Creek ~Not. an aboriginal place name. Mountaineers in 1967. Qin Cheghi 'crying ridge' T an.!'d na Peak K'uhda'i '!!lOOSe' Dena'ina name sugge~ted by Anchorage Koktaya, mountatn 5300' behind Tanaina Peak ·'·Not an aboriginal place name. t1ountai neers in 1967. Ggr.-!'h Betnu · t-abbi-t creek· Rabbit Cr~ek Hk~di tc~ 1 i · dr· 1-ft 1 umber · F-'otter Mar"Sh !J • 1 sqa Oghe 1 cl'/ 'banjo sno!,.,siv:~e mQt.tnteu;· r'!cHugh Peaf.,- U~chena Tich·qaluq Oena'ina name suggested bv Anchorage - - - - ,.,'li .' .,;, .,.k.-;,~r ''' t I'Hl!r·~ 1..:a,~ good spr-1 ng ,,.,<'!.ter·." Th.~t \>Jd~"-'' D"H12l-i n.a v1 ll age. The!' H~,0rr.l:~"'n'i1 t.Gck it. "They gE-t 1t fQr· r.oth.i.ng .::~.n'<'W.:t'<. Thc:Jt JilubE'~c.>-t r·,.:~:e ••~ hts par~n•r. And Paul Nikolei. They used to hurt all uver for moase And sh~«J>P~ Th<P.·v ll.?d nHJOSe c;~nd sheep •lleat all the t1•r,e. ;md bEH.'l.vE•r one.;..~t too. Th0y d~y that me~t 1n the summer. n,i~ ~0~ up until about 1930 <BP>. rJa.n~'"t"li 'porcup • IHi;! • Vsnchme~ mountain 4310' on; upper Ches~er Creek '"Mot an abor-iginal place name. f·k~unta.r.neers in 19.1:J7. K'nuy'a 'be.':lV-IlH''. Dena'ina namE suggested by Anchorage Knoya, mountain 4600' on upper Chester Creek -,.Not an <-..t1or1ginal p.la.ce name. Den~·ina name suggested by Anchorag~ - Mountaineers in 1967. Ch'etanaltsegh 'ywllaw water comes out' Fi'!::>h Creek -Unqetset Ch · at<!lnal tsegh - "below yellow water comes out· small creek west o~ Fish Creek Nen Ghii-gedi 'rotten land· bank between mouth of Chester Creek and Po1nt Woronzoff Nitkidal 'iy 'lakes joined together· Lake Spenard and Lake Hood N'<.~.ch · i shtLtnt 'place protected from wind' Point Woronzoff A mite here is reported by de L~guna <1934:140). ~0 oint Woronzoff: There was 4 munmer fishing camp about one m1le south of the point, called $Nuti ··.:tunt. In addition two sites are al~o noted here in CRNA 1~75;84,162 both of ~h1ch were repel""' ted by Leo Stephan. "Pt. :...loran:::: off No. 1: F' its an bluff soutr. o·-= Pt. woronzoff ••• Pt. Woronzoff No. 2: Site contBln~ re~atn~ of fish camps. smokehou3e, bath house and gr•ves: stte ~re~ ut1lizRd by Nat1ves from ~n1k, Susi tna, <?.nd "1at anusl-'21 ar~a.z f•:Jr "'t l ee~st ! 0£)4J ~.~ears." SP states that in the early 19th century this was one of the sites at wh1ch ~ t~nik'~di, the log fiBh rlock, ~as set 1n the mudfl~ts fer dipnetttng ~~lmon. "Thi'5 ;..fcl<S Es1'<;; flshc~~p end also Oalt.Ji.s, ~iass!lit Theo,:Jare. n-·erE:' '·"'a!!.'"" stt-::~ambcl>.th and f i. ve or 'ai :: smckehau;:es th<;;;r·e. Bi 11 v es: stayed ther·"? unt l 1 t945 or-1946." Ut~hena C8adal Huch'llvut . ...,..,ere ~"~• Llrouql1t t•p Alutl1t1';:,(' boat.i' ·- ·'<nd ,.1urvivu; on needlr::~fish. ?Ht.er" t.h•? ;"1(-iH~r.ll.«>fi.sh >·hal pt_,t. L\P '.il>almc,n. HHi~ 39 thu ontv nlace like th1B. When there w•r& too m•nv people for Shto Creek · !f S""' ~ ..... ~·nd Pc:int~ Woror>;:of·f, they \'fOuld spr·ead out and go CJ'''''r t.c Su'!!lni Laq \G• .. hl-:it.n.i'l Oei.t:.:a) in .an umiak. P!krt,~ps ;l<".lf o.f th•2!1n. Over there ttw:y •,·JOuld stay beneath the umiaks (used •• shelter). ,_ "!·!ou!:;;e pit~l or ·fort:if!cations· have h'!'~n seen, on th£~ north bank o·f ;':ih1j::J Cn::··~k' t:lppt)<s>l tr:'! Ant:horage" (tie La-guna 19:34: 140). lhshno Pond APossibly an Athabaakan origin p1~ce name. Origin uncartain. t' ~ Dgheyay Tl · u '•3>tic.:!d.~:back headwaters· uppef~ Shtp Crelf!k, Arctic: Valley On upper Ship Creek in that l3rge level area that one called Deafy Dan <Eigcffl lused to walk around. He told me that he used to see caribou horns up there. I He 9aid that they were sticking up there all over. Long ago there were ~caribou there, but I never killed any there. Now there are gonR. He s~w one place with lots of caribou horns. so many that you could not Eit down. So many bones there. Tl'e<;;~h Dink"~t· ~ ·sedge e;< tends· at Standard Oil dock Qatuk'e'usht .. '•;;omething drifts up to it• ,o.nc:horage area 1 -~Thi s name was reported by Peter Kal i fornsky of Kena1 , Ltpon reading to t-> 1m the following passage from de Laguna 1934. This name was r1ot known tc Mtke AleM, John Stump and other speakers from Eklutna and Kn1k. "The native name f.or Anchorage is Xa'tikiuc:t <Theodore Sasha, l<en.ai!. T"hts suggests that there may have beGin an older village here <p. 140>." ~~tt se~ms that this is an Lower Cook Inlet Dend'ina term ~or t~e Anchorage area. The name refers to travel toward here on the 1nc:om1ng t1de. ' ' Angits ~ (lodnword from English: Anchorage> "1 ~~ Anchor age ·•nts is ths original Oena'ina pranounc:dttor .-,f the name .:.;nchorage. : Shem Pete"w wtfe died ln Anch~rage 1n 1924 and as bu:ted in the Slxth Avenue • cemetery. Afterwards, tn 1925, Shem had a potlatch ~0r her tn Eklutna. :;, Ghansh l<aq · ; · gr·ass mouth· mouth of Chester Creek Chanshtnu · gra'"'s creel~· Chester" Cre"Etk "Old M.£ln "'like Peteroff bLnl1: a nu:e -:::<lbin down Chester Creev., aoout '" 11alf a - .. - - - - - - - - t~nik md1. The traditional fishery here la~t b~!ong80 to Stepanltia, ~uf Stephan, td,o ~-~ Altce Theodore's father. At !~~·at th~ water <in the !nletJ ew1rls around. 1 used ~o ~·~~over ~n~rH an ~he t~ail (from the Ship Creak-dc~ntown areal. z~~f),:it t-3t..~flc~nkdQ t'ldd a c.ablt1 upr·iv~r ·f.rOfll wher-e ~;hip Creek fla~,~::_; r)c~t, ~,:-, t~ .. ;'~? An<~)" camp. His vtl.tage was. ther·e in that ~levatec:! cl.o.=drlng. U~pp.arr£n~ly ju.at u-11 .ilnd ff·orn Tak ·at..) They say that. therll'! 1-1ere rn t;hl !-t!H?.re ~ o'Above Government Hill. That Wd$ when the people were not very old. !Referenc~ to wh••t pt!oplno is ambiguous here?}. Some people killed each off h;;;we. Ancl t:~'ti!!' people disappear@d, and there were very few people left 111 the time stnce I was born. They had a cemetary there. Stepankda told me that th~r~ li'll~re big nichi+ ther-·e. They used to use that place a lot. They ·.ss.y ther~ ~ere nichi~ there but I didn't see any. It was already clear when I saw the pi....,ce. But Stepankda told me that he had seen the <occupled) nichii- thare. »He owned that country there. Last man." The soldiers took it. "They don't get no rnoney for it." He was ·asleep' (l.e. politic:atly unaw£•t' 18/ ~. ~sp titates that the Army destroyed this cemetary. In 1929 or 193~ in the summer the last Dena"ina potlatch was held there ~t Tak'nt. Step;:mkda had the potlatcf"'. People were thane from Eklutna~ t'nik, and Susitna. <BP) (SP was not present.) Tak"~t Qenuch'en "across from dipnet platform· quarter of a mile south from Tak'3t Ogh112yay l<aq· ·stickl~back-mouth' mouth of Shtp Creek "The i'e.naina were kn~wn to have fish camps near the mouth of Ship CreeL. In the early days of Anchorage existence, cabins and the remains of cabin~ were noted to exist in the Ship Creek and Sootleqger Cover area" Carberry 1979:. 141. Dgheyaytnuy Dgheyay Leht Ahtna: Dghayitna· 'stickleback creek· or ·where stickl.eback n.m · Ship Creek, original Anchorage townsite "Yo1...1 put your hand in, it is just full of needle fish.·· They talk abo•.\t Ogheyay Leht. Th,at was a good place to s~ve C\..u~sel ves. A I u~: of king salmon st'fim i..n there and they still go upstream there. Needl~?flsh (!Stickleback> run along t<~ith them. No one uses this il.ny more. They •.tsi:'d to surviv~ on needlefish. A~~ salmon spawn there and the used to put up salmon. That Eklutna Al~x and Old M~n Theodore put up salmon th2re. Some of the f<nik Arm Den.:a'ina u:sed to go ovf!r to Sw'::Sni ~~aq' {ma•..tth af Susitna Rive!"/ tn ~n umiak Cbedii. Over there ~nd here Cat Ship CreeW) the hooligan and the needlefish run first. They run m1xed together. No one went to bed ~t this season. they say. They may have been starvLng and have barely surv1ved Cth~ winter>. Whereever they had stopped in the uplands, Yentna, Sus1tn~, ar ' Kichatna, when some oi the people feel sarrv for themswlves. the drag themsei.v~s do.,.,n here and thev become real lv satisfied. At that !J<1hevay L(~ht we save ourselve..::. nicely. Those f<nik Arm Oena'.tna br.tng thr::mselve'iA t.h'?Y·e " ii-i ·.:;b r-·~~n <i.g.::~l n ·E ":lH:J J ~ f~ .i \1 e~ f"' ··LI.J."I':r··e:-· K~1ly, w1t.h t:,;:;_;. Gl~nn pl!wty, r·ecordad th~ tfenn "Yukl<?,-'lltno'' 1n ~fi•cribing this riv•r tn 1898. Glenn abbrev•~t~d ~his to vu•l• Creek. 1.--tll:'i"!r '~hl"'> n.ame !.41i\!l'!l. applied to Mount Yuf.rla on the ,_:pper· Eagle F·.l'.tt.w. li rn H:l9H t'fend~nhc:tll fi'ncounter~c:l a group __ of D~n."t · i.,,a camp'!!> !iH"'vEu·al mt le~,; up ttl ·• from th-,:<? mouth o-f EC~gle River <190'0:27"'). ~. o_!d ~~n Thmud~re used ~a kill lots of moose and sheep in that country up ~ ~-;: the ;-l~>~MtJ ot. Eagle Rtver. They would come down the rtver-· tn d sku-1 bo.:;.L l '!"••~'V s,:;;.y th~t 1 t 1 ~ strong ~urrent. ~-¥ · u1. ch · e~rtnu I 'wi~d b~ows.against 1t-creak' ~ l'feaaow cr~e~c: K · ul ::h · f:~Y 'wind blows against it-creek' Hount l"''agni f i cant: }tiq'a Ta·a BLtC)h 'fish soup shar~· creew from ~·. iukla into Eagle River '"' Nantut~aqh<>:L a · -?-pack' ~ountain on south side of upper Eagle River The'!Se! names on the upper Eagle River were supplied by the late 8.>uley Theodore Crossing from Turnag,;un Arm through Crew Cr·eek Pass in 1898, Mendenhall ~states that on th~ upper Eagle River, HSeveral hunting shacks, built durtng the fall and wtnter seasons by the Indians~ were passed and were usually surrounded by evidence of success in the chase--moose antlers and bo;-1es, and sheep pelts being plentiful" (1900:279). There is no record of Oena'ina having crossed through Crow Cree!. Pass t~ t~e upper end of Turnaga1n Arm~ BNuk'elehitnu bi·a ~'fish run again -creek -glacier· Eagle Glacier ~Ch'ak'din~en'at '!rihere stream flows out· ~"Moonshine Creek'', creek from Green Lake · AThie was an important Knik Arm fishing site. The Alex famtly fished here until 1918. ~"There w&s a village, Tcukti"ntlinat, on tMe north ~an~ of the stream. Theodore of Eklutna found a T-shaped hunting ~dz• or ptck here. <de LAgun~ 1934:140.} l ... k'•"" ~~~ i~ C\ .... 'dipnet platform· ~ aite near Army Dock at .exact location not vet t:<~~ Fort Rtchardson, kno"'" apparently near Ca1rn Poant, ~This site wa·; the no:-tt-lernmo$t place on !-<n 1 k Arm at which & t~n 1 k 'ed l , a 1 oq ·fish dock, was u5ed tn Kn1k Arm. The place name ts a vi!rtation of the ''arne - - - .. - ... ... - - - - I j. it( · ~ri ,~:i.1( .~-1 r~(i'!(t .• ··;· .. ( 2M"ld • .:y-.HIC<· dl Kni~~--Bil) L.~_•e .r<rm.n ···n·,io:z n.-;Hnu~, t<ihich has not b~en defHutely translC~ted by Upper 1p1et ~.p£),'1!e:,.rs nor by Kuri f i ~"> derived from t 1'1e names for Fish Creek z>nc-J t:H q L.oJ.k!l~-. The l<ni k are.1t Dena· in.;' ana known a~ th~~ $1< ·enaht_ · a!1<:"- ~The natives <of Knik Arml are the Knat"a: ·n~u lde Laguna 1934; 140). t +-· d1 <SO '"'eems that the name V.,: ~ k 1 <;,; dewi ved from this Dena' ina flolt+le. !H. ! 11 i Tun eM ·del · u~;ht Beydegt-1 · ~h&\"'e 1~e tr-ansport hool i g.ems Po:.. rit::. McKw~r~z i e point· The Knik Arm and Susitna Dena"ina used to catch hooligan Cor surf sm~t> in th Susitna Delta area and transport thern here. The Kni~<: ~~rm Oena'ina would corn,!! heF·e in boats to relay the fish .. lBT) Frc1m McKenzie act·oss to $Dt,;theyay Leht <Ship Creek mouth) used to be a short diutaw::e, like a river, they used to tell me. They cut fish with an ..tlu knife aut there. They used to speak Lo them and toss t~e ulu back an~ fcu-th they !::old me. "Impossible," I told him. But than it hapr;:enec.; that it got wider. It might have eroded out about a mile. But before thti! btllnks wer·e close together and they used to toss the ulu back and for·th. I heard that from those old people. Q'r.rch 'ni lent 'where curren~ flows back' tide rip off Pt. McKenzie rc tel eh Ben a 'fish run -lake' rwin !sland Lake HnihighH:-' iy ·tooth that is embedded' hill on south side of Goose Bay 1fustl · agh ·back pa5s' Goose Bay Tustl ·aghtnu "back pass creek' scuth fork of Goose Creek '"·nn s namte r'.!!fers to a tra1 t or 9i'!t of tr!li ;,1 s froi'l Goose Bay not-th to Red Shirt Lake9 passing Seven Mlle Lake, Big Lake, P:?oOose T"'~in L>i"ke, <~nd th@ Lit t 1 e Susi t11a River. teyes Betnu creek· I . dwar·f -birch -I Go""e cr .. e> H.l t~k:y.;;;;~ S$'n~ "dw~~f btrch lak~· St?vm; t1i 1 ra L~kro~ tJi. t-ni\ DntH;Jhll!!lg~;ey Sana 'white water lake' St(>Jpt'um Lake !!:t-ni!E'n Ghii-get 'rotten ground' SW<llii'IP on Soo5e Bay side cf Mo5quito Point 1"s · es I · unt • wheor·m ther·e it:. a rock · 2J; lMosquito Point, betwmen Fish Creek and Goose Bay ~ 7.R~cl Jacke (Jack Bartell) and his daughter Minnie had a village at Moc.squito Paint. Th<~y S<iii.Y that there were lots of salmon there. "Where Army takE!! it • over there used to be a village,·· there were $nichi J:-. Red Jack was called ~ Bushuldi (in Dena· ina> • "They were I ast there in 192.7 or so. Then they 11 moved down to Tyonek. " t I. K • enakatnu Ahtna: C 'enacetna · · -'?-river· ~Fish Creak, old Knik village site ·"'This wa!S the major Dena'ina village on we'Stern Knik Arm, and the mo..at well I known place name in this area. The Ahtnas refer to the Knik Station trading nPOSt by this name. ·~This is apparently the location of the Knik chief Dusgeda Tukd~t's camp. Dugeda Tukd.a had eight caches. He used to come over to Susni Kaq' <Susitne 'Delta) in a big umiak in the spring for hooligan and beluga. -~Nick Alaska died there abou.t 1955. He <Nikita of Knik~ showed us a former village site ••• on a low terrace on - - - - - - l th~ north bank of the stream, about a mi 1 e above the •llouth. • • • The o 1 d vi ll age f i~ marked by the frame of a modern smoke house and a modern bath house, the • latter made of branches bent over to form an inverted ba!llket large enoL!gh to i admit a single person. Nikita told me that this village was called Knakha'tnu~ t,i&ru:l was supposed to have been only a aummer camp, though from the hot.u.u~ pibs ..t ahe Imagined it must originally have been a winter village" (de Laguna 1934:1411 One of the first Rus5ianw to live in the Upper Inlet is a storekeeper who I was here around the time of the purch.aea 0867). He "u:ts called Galeq IK·mchishen, 'the one who wrote'. This i5 very likely Vladimir Staffief. - ~Also r1oted on Petroff· s 1880 map <!lS Knakatnuk. ~ ~ -Four sites are li5ted here in CRNA 1975: 85-86. ~ K 'a•yghashtnll ~ 'fish harvest creek· - at mouth of Fish Creek i-Probably a distinct site! ex~ct locat1on not yet determ1ned. I%Fish are really crowded there. The f1sh run 1n there. "They can't go across ... t-#i thout touch the fish. " - - ~:i i:-,:.j · ,J.~dl.il')ltH~n! Bf:!tnu ·~t~·*".~~~~ta;; J~::nn -c..-~~k · 'fhr ~~£> ru 1 ~ cr~l:!!'k ~ '~rH!A§-.;,'.\1 Bf!:na • ~· :~M l ·.a•.re • Big Ldke Ther· ~rould c.atch fall fi5h therfl and .nake :f>:chuqilin, fermented Hsh. The ?!lic:hi.i;-war·e at the outlet. The trail through here wamt to the Littl~ Su'!$.itne~ and th•n to Tanitunt (Rod Shirt Lake). Big Lake wa5 last ueed by tha D~na'ins in ~bout 1915. Tutu~ ·e;.,!-tuni Setnu 'w*t~r ~xtends down -creek' l.ucil~ CreEtk Tunilc:n'ali Bfina ~ch .. a..:M·· w!lt.er 1 ake · Cl ~.:Ar l-ake Hay Ge~Ja Bena ·lowbush cranberry lake' l~ke At mile 70 on railroad, west of Luc1le Lake Be-nkda 'no-good lake' Lucile Leke Potter note'!l that Baker < 1906) states for Lake Luc:il e that "Locally the prospectors and others call it Wasilla's Lake, after the Knik Indians who liv~ there" (1963:13). Senten ·a.ang the lakes·, 'lake country· Wasi 11 a su•·ea Theriit is little information about Oena'ina uge of the Wasilla area. Tha la~t man to regualrly used this lake area was T~'idughu+ Tu, John Stump's father. Note that the name Bentehen was an inherit~d chief's name. The last msU1 with this title ~pparently was Ousgeda Tukda, whose main base was in Knik. Hnits'uk'nilut 'wh~re dishes are embedded' r~ves Lake Creek Tuq • ets 'gtuet 'by spring water' site a mile below Knik %The one called Aru.f had a village there, about one r.nle below l:nlt=. Hi<; house wat! on the b~nk. "All Swaitna :;Jeoole u'!ed t.o be living there." His indian name Tenqa. He wa'.!ll the last ch:.ef. H~ died in atJout 1914. His i.-il-fe was bquq.aghetna. She was a Susitna woman. She was the mother of Jack Hal~y and Oanya. Ch'-ak'nileght Soldiers Creek, 2 mi S of Knik Nuyhd.y Senii'l '·fro9 !&ke' K,·Ji k Litke There a!""e sevewal house ruins at Kni k Lake. Tni s is probabl•t the st te of Ct.ln · ti!l (Ni ki tai. The houses measure 12 feet '!Square (houe I ami I [}, and 25 by 30 f~~t (Hous• l!Il. The doorways are in the longer sides facinQ ~ tht>~ lake. There were hearths in each hou!!ue, and shall ow piles o-f scor·c:had c1,· rod<s outside. I do not think the houses are very old,. (tie Laguna 1934:141 > .. ""Th~2 name $Cunta ''is not rec:ogni zed by contemporary speaker'S. Listed in CRNA 1975:95 as site No. 147. ~ Kidaghl.'i, Ni.kidaghel'uyi · 'w.:atfltr flow5 to the end' or 'that which is connec:tgd on each end by ~·Mter 'overflow marl!h below Knik Lake or two lakes at Knik <location uncertain) Belddaghi t-'uyi Gga 'little one that is connected to it' I lAke_to the east of Knik Lake (?> %That lake come right up to the village. There were $nichi~ there. a few.h The creek that comes out of there is full of fish. Bi~ni Ch'unaghelqeni 'bitt11'1tr water· site three-four·th<a of mile north of Kni k, on Kni k Arm Ch'ak'dinl-ent 'wherw current flows out' O'Gri~n Creek Htidaghitunt 'wherft the trail goes over bank' site neAr Cottonwood Creek, probably on Cro~ker Creek "Clu i. till.' There-were four or five $nichil-at Htidaqhitunt. The chie~ there was Benitn~nilchinen, the one who had a design (birthmark) on his forhead. ~ tajat, Ahtna: caets Caek'e · ' mud p l ac:e · ! ~::: ::s C:: ·:~:0 :: 1 ~:::~' ~:::em:~:: $n 1 ch tr tM~e. •• That · s a II I heard about m i~. I didin't see it. Before my time. I th1nk that was the first village nn thi'$ area) that went down <i.e. was depopulated)." ~»An old Chickaloon Indian ch1ef beartng the name of W~stlla, and remembered by many of the town·s "old timers'', is buried an Cottonwood creek <back of wha now is the valley Christian Home> where there were once a few small Indian ·cabins~ <Potter 1961:12-1~>. i - - - - - - - - - - - - - ''f,.!.l Cottonuor.:ld Crete?~< 1 above i<n1k on thf? west shore of Knx 1-: Arm, thtn ~· w.:.•<:S ~~.n old villag• •it~ an a high hill, called Tladje't. Th~ nam~ 1s der1~ d frc~ t.l,>tf.:., ·<:>~i1d' and thf!' !i\tream i'.!!i called Tladjau·tnu <Nikit~>. i"ho?odor·fi!' '::~i Eklutna told m~ that thi$ was both a summer ~nd a w~nter vill6ge. It ~~• on~ wd le above the mouth of the 5>tr-ea.m" <de Lagun.a 1934; 14!. >. ~Jim TyonQ notes that thi5 wa~ a camping site for the Ahtna on th~ trail to Ynik Station. T'gnau Hnidaghi'ut • wh~~ a cot tom<Jood is embedded • site~ n@ar cottonwood Creek, location uncertain t-::~jatnu ·mud p 1 t-,lCEI ·~ creel< • Cottonwood Creek t:ach Ben<&l 'ntud lak~' Wi.\~i Ua Lake i-4Ui1dadi Sena: 'lal'!lt l<lke' Fingmr Lake Chuqilintnu 'fermented fish creak' w.usi 11 e\ Creek Nik'udatl'ech'a Ahtn.a: Nic:'adatl 'ets't ·aark color extends off from shore· site near Palmer Slough and Rabbit Slough This was an the trail around the shore of Knik Arm, between ~nik end Eklutn~. %From there there go 5traight a.cro'Jls to Ekl utna on the f 1 at. Up th~n~ t.h"'re were four or five big $nic:hi~'l... Spruce! e><tti!nds o•Jt there in a dar~:. st.r-to lt~:r! charcoal.. "Big vi llagt< there for timber." · Oark patch i:3f spruce·. There wf'."rf,' people there for firewood and salmon. ~Jim Tyone note!! that this waf! a camping 5ite fer the Ahtna em the trai 1 to Knik. Station. Sdadintunt 'where a point extends' Duck Flat!! L!T"iLE Stlf.HTN~l RIVER TO BALD MOUNTAIN RIDGE T7E~~: t1H·~."tnu K<'lq' • ... ?~ ri Vfi$if" lf'I01.d:h' m'Outh of Littlm Susitna River· •'·Th~ fLatt~ and l~kli!l! country south Flathorn Lake to th~ mouth of the Li ttl a Su~~i tn.!\ wfi!re not used rm.tch because the country is said to be too f l £t o'ind wet .. Billy P~te ~t~t~e that women uged to snare som8 geese her~ in the ~pri.ng. ·rht'}rQI'l are flO reu::orded nf.lmes for the many small lakes in this ar~a .. T~ai·ttll5t.nu · ~·?-· str~am · l .. i ttle Su§i tna River $0usg~da Tukd~ Ti 'iltant 1. • ~~I"H!lre father of sousgedaY. wa._ carried out' site! twc miles up ·h·om the mouth ocf thm Little Susitna on the east biiink %Ther~ i• a creek that flows into $Tsartastnu% <Little Susitna River> about two mi 1 ess up.. Tne~re on the right hand side going up is a hi 11 • ! 'Saw a village 5i t.e t.heHre. That· s where a village used to be. l'here wsren · t ~ny people there then but I know a story they told me about it. I ~aw t.h~t hi 11. Orl the hill top there was a vi 11 ago. That ts wher·e Oumgeda Tukda <chief of KttikJ ~•as carried out they say. On the Little Susitna they say Jf>Dusgeda Tukda Ti · tl tant'Y. <·where Du.sgeda T4..tkda was c:arri ed out·). ·"0-usgeda Tukd.a dhtd her~ and the nanut refers t.o him being carrie-d out of 1 tha nichi~ at the funeral. Note that SP does not remember the actual : pl.ace n&me of the siht-It !Utem1S that this site was still being used by K~1ik people in about 1910. 1. .. Fr·om there the~y used to go to that Fl a thorn Lake trai 1 and hi l<e over to t:.hu Sumitna ... <no recorded name) 7..Magu.i re Creek i ,...,Thi 9.1 craek was on a trai 1 to Fl a thorn Lake. People waul d paddle up Maguire ! Creek going north to Flathorn Lake. Sc:~nsna ! • saving 1 and ' or :rescue 1 and · r lew ridge axtending from Cow Lake ~outh to the Little Susitna %There is good birch at that $Sesnena'Y. and those Oena'ina would go there in the spring to gather canoe birchbark. »That one part they pick em up that kinda birch." They are long and tall. They pack that birch down to the Susitna. There is good birch on it. They gather canoe birch on it. ~se~snena'Y. ts its name because they go there ·in springtime and falltime to kill bear in that country. That's why is is ·saving land'. On that htll !111* sav\\!1 our5elves. That's its name. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ··Thi-.~ r-idt;;!t1 ts, p.ar·t.:. o·f <1-n intttrsecting trail Sily~tum that nu"l from 3us-itn,:;; :;;t,n;t Jon t.o t<nh: Arm o~And north to Red Shi r·t L.s~ke or Cot-> Lake. 1~\'\fluqi l. tin S1;ma %' U:'~\'' frJtmd ~ place laf<e • W0~t P~poo5~ Twin~ Lake ro~aFdm Knik when you leave $T'!Sat-tastnu1. (Little Susitnai the tr<lil goR!'J by $Nuqilt:i.n Benil\1.., .. 1 guet~m they had t:nic:hi.i-'i'. there long time ago." The one on th~ oth~r '.lllii.de o-f $Nuqiltin Bttna'X.i!! $l::eye!ll Benaf.. <Stephan Lake). "That hill IQICHHl r1ght. through.•• :fNuqiltin Benar.. is r·ight next to the l.ittle Sugit;n<'l. Th~re wa~ a trai 1 th&re.>u 1·h~ trai 1 went on $t:;:eyestnur.. < • dwar·f bi. rc:h cr~ek ·, St.WJ,1t'1an Lake outlet stream} .. Nuqiltin Betnu "they found a place creek" uut lcrrt stro~un o-f West Papoose Lake %In 1945 we had a tent pitched there, and we hunted for beaver. A~any gmall lakes in the Nancy Lake area were used by the Susitna and Knik people 1 but t.he place names have been lo!lt.. Delindin Bana • Deren·t y • ~& lake · Oylindia Lake x•Tnat·s my Russian name, $0elindin~ CDerenty). That's my ndme on it. They put. my name on it. No $nichii-7. t.here." "That lake is 11amed after you. I trapped all over that country <BPl." ~The name Dylindi& Lake was established by white people based upon Shem Pete's Russian name. SP cannot remember the original. name. Tudli Betnu 'cold water creek' Lakm Creek "'Some house pits are reported on Lake Creek <R.aget-, 1993>. Shem Pete has no gpecific information about them. Setnu Hghirgeditnu 'rotten area creek' outlet stream from lake northeast of Houston, into Lak".! Creek Bet1'1U Hgh i i-ged i Bema 'rotten area creek lake' lake northeast of Houston %That lake upland from Houston has a name. :$'9etnu Hghil-geditnu,% "a little lake from Houston toward the mountain, above the Little Susitna." T~o.;dl i B~na 7:·c:clld wlf.ter lake' N&nc.y L.:'&ke ~ t< • i tuda.ghi 'ut ·a~y ta?xt:mnd!ii ;.nto land' "Indian Say", large bay on the !!Southeast shore o-f Ndncy Lake '1.,Ther~tJ wan a vi 11 age at :JTudl i Bena7.. We used to sstay where they had the fi11h ft'l'lt1ee. At Indian Bay there used to be snichH· and they had fish traps thfM'~.. "That was the most important plac:e for tht'i Indians up there. They c.atc:h lots of fish over there." Al"d they remove that fish fence. "They pull out thoee stakes that they had driven in there. They would spoil motor~ They put th~m fish trap poles in about one hundred years ago. They Just pull it out about twenty years ago." rJRNA 1975:94, No. 171. "A reported winter village at Nancy Lake. According to Mr. (Mike) Ardo, the natives of this village vacated during the uummer I, fl'lOnths for fish ca..~p at Pt.. Possession. The population at its height was egtimated at 50 persons in 1~32. Mr. Ardo also described a large flat rock which wa• the focal point for much of the social and economic activitiy 1 in the village. Women would go there to clean and cook the fieh which was jl brought home. " Also mentioned in Fall 1981:384-385. I Tudli Ben& Dunich 'di I %'the one upr·iver from cold water lake' Frying Pan Lake ~ 'Y..ThGtrtt is another one that flows in <to Nancy Lake) on thP upriver· side. $Dunich'di% that's the name. I Betnu K · etelehi tnu ·fish run creek · I creek into south end of Nancy Lake Qughun or Qughun Dohelaya 'ttump · 'hump mountain· ~ Bald Mountain Ridge ~~,t AQughuna, 'humpback salmon·. is probably a related word. - - - - - - - - - - - - I. 'X.They go up on that mounta.in and the kill bEUlr on it. They ca.ll it :SQughun.X - . They go up there when th• bear ~re fat. •Qughun Dghelaya. That was Chijuk'g country. ' i."My step-dad said $Qughuni. was shortened from .:JBeqenuch'k'esdghani ('w& pack something back up"). You talk about it and it gets bad weather they say. My step-dad got caribou in back of SQuQhuni. in his day. All gone in ~ my time <KN)." I I Qughun Ta+ 'hump flat place' large flat on west slope of Bald Mountain Ridge Ggisgaht'in K'ilant "where there is pyrite' - - - - - - - - - - - :~W$.\f up $1~ughun% above the' Little Susi tna there is a pl &t:e when! thar~ i ~~ Pt¥"i,t:~~ ·"(Literally, •;.t looks likt» fi$h sc:al~es'>. 7.So thE!•?' cmll it $-i:~i~i.,;s~·f.tht.'in K'ilant. 'X."From $Ts'ihei:-'l.. <ridge 'Bullion' we~t o·f Baldi l"'lount.&ir) fHt!q'i'i t,her~ up t.o $Qughun% at $Ggisgaht'in K'tldnt% i~ a. g;even or eight -foot long py,~ite on the sid~ toward Little Susitna. If we find it we rt'laka money~ 'fh~y dig down ;sevfltn or eight feet, no bottom to it. Thfilly tai<e axe i:ind tak>1!'1 ~~ed!:l out of it .. I don't think any good, t go through from Willow and uo acrosts over the mountain. I come out at Wa~n 11 a." K ·~a Beq ·a Nay ··uni 'the one that has a horn on it' Govll!rmnen t, Peak %On $Qughun% they say they is a horn. Those hills are caribou horns. '~They found caribou horns on it all over." They seem to be rcu:::ks., I t'· '-;; they turn~d to rock. Baq'endnad&lyut ·~•her~~!' men are standing on it' ? Government Peak or other point on Bald Mountain Ridge x:•There is a story about two rocks standing there that look like humans. :«>Seq • enctnadal yut X back in there over $QughunX. They hunt ground hog 4 fllh~m folkB come back th~ kids turned to rock. They don't go close to ~m on account of bad weather." <KN) Tsartcuatnu Tl • u '-7-river headwaters' upper LittlE: Susttna River above canyon, in Independence Mine area Tsa~ta$tnu Dgh•laya '-?-rivGr mountain 21ontana Peak r ~~;.<isg~ht. intnu • t ~··ot·~ pyr 1 ttl:! cree?k • :ftc<t.~:'?t· Fiilh Creek, southernmost outl.,t. of Flathorn LaktV, "Chet:c:hako Gold Creek'l ~it flow~ into the Su•itna about two mil~s up. b\iNlV~I""~ ~k'dilyashi Betnu "t.hi ngm a.r~ c•.rr i ed to it creek · They used that for hunting ~t F'c1rk of lower Fish Creek, outlet of Flathorn Lake ' . ! l ~ 'dt 1 ya~hi Ben a "t.hing.-& are carriG!Kf Fl.a~tho~·T1 Lake to it lake' AThe naro~ reier$ tu p~ople carrying canoes between Flathorn Lake and the & •. nsi tn.a Rivet'". Del Oll;f Susi tna at $Bek • di 1 yashi Ben&7. there were many $ni chi i:. 7. "Lots& fish in ther~ ~nd lots big Indian house use to be around there. That's about 200 years ago. There ~ere no $nichi~% there when I was born. Shq'ach'egh Kena . ·shortcut f 1 at · I large flat between Flathorn Lake and Susitna Station I ~I! Sena Betnu "berry lake creek' '•tream into north end of Flathorn Lake "&ega Bena ~ ·berry 1 ake · ~lake two mile5 ea~t of Susitnc Station "'The ti. mbered. area one the east side of SGega Bena7. to $K · t . .i • atnu7.. was a popular moose hunting area. ·foot path extends' 1 \l Nqadink 'et · i low ridge from Flathorn Lake to Cow Lake and to Susitna Station :XAbcut four miles from Susitna <Station> is a ridge. Its name is " SNqadi nk • et · i 7.. We had a portage there. ~~It's a little hill about three or four feet high and about 100.yards wide all the way across that flat to $K'ta'atnu." <BP> K • ta · atnu 'soup creek' ~creek into northeast end oi Flathorn Lake f '?.."There was no fish in that ground for beaver and stuff K'ta'atnu Tl'u ~ ~· creek. They never use it except as hunting 1 ike that." <BP> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '!ct:•t.tp cr ·'T:·~ff. I'H:ii'•:ildYs<:rt ft·?· ~ · 'r.J:f~p~r ''l!:tt:lU~ c:r~k · 'll""'fh<\:!\'' u·s~d to go up to Shem Pete Creek <on Susi tna R) • They go ac::rol1!S> thclt .ti!t:{~b:' flci}.t and they get to Ret! Shir·t L.ake, J;Tani-tuntX. nu,..y had a r·l:l!·gula.r· it4"~il C)V~ thera. n· .. ~ trail it show yet... The •z;.ummer trail !S rj¢il!~p. (flF'l l~dt: • t'i.:.d yut: ·~~ar~ a bridge extends across' ~~idg~ ~crass upper ·soup creek' 'jf. ... ·rh&!y had their own bridge. Spruce trees a bunch of them they thro~r~ in. "!Tll'l.1iliy tn!llke bridQe to go across $K'ta'atn•..~. "'This is the southern trail between Susitna Station and Red Shirt Lake. SP mentions they used to sled canoes across here in spring before breakup. 'Tani-t:un Betnu "~lf\Clo!!&d object <bag) is set in water -creek· upper Fi~h Creek -%'"lL.CJtsa salmon in that creek the one that come up to Red Sh1 rt L.ake." There ~~<Sed to be ~nic:hii-'l. all .along 'it." -f< • enuq ' Q • euatsi. q • PR!inera.l l ic:k outlet· creek intc Fish Cr~ek from $K'enuq· Bena K'enuq' f361na •aineral like lake' ~NO lake three miles wEst of Red Shirt Lake outlet M('emuq' Qiy'unt ·~ere there l$ a mineral lick' ~amp site by lakes "'The name indicates that this place was a hunting c.:amp. Moose .and Ci!iribol.l ~end to gather at such mineral licks. Tl'eghes Bena Q'estsiq' 'leech lake outlet' Co~ Lake outlet stream '.tThere were :fnic:hH.j'. from $Tani-tun'l. <Red Shirt Lake) to :fTl 'e?ghes BemaY. and they also extended to Tudli Ben~ (Nancy Lake>. I saw thttt house pits. They are overgrown with grass. Th& grass is four or five feet talL "We seen ~." "'The houses were on the east side of this stream. Tl · eghes Bema ·! eec:h 1 ake · Cow Lake -Tl'eghesh Bena Bidirtuni 'that which is connected to leech lake' small lake southeast of Cow L~ke J I 1 T,;Hi~·tunt. ·~,e,.M:ent ~n.-:lLc~~d obj{';'ct (bag) i"S set in \,Jat~r··' Phvd Shi!-t. Lake outlet village sitm %The trail went from $u~itn~ Station to $Tan•tunt. NThat Red Shirt was next to the chief. They made him $yagast~ik%, ''M~cond chief. He ~~as a smart man~ That chief was a Stt'lart man too. W.~ nam~."t was ;t>Baytnidahet1'1.m Ha <Red Shirt) married that man ·s d.t>tughter .. H;;.;> st.ayt!!!d with that man for l don· t. know how many year'lil, and then th3t man died. So he <Red Shirt> took over that place. He did Just lik~ that man~ H~· took care of mverything th..t\t went by that pl a~e, $Tani-tunt%. tie "!ltayli:E!d tharz"i until he died, <YEAR?> and they buried him over there. This was Red Shit·~t. Now tha.t vi l.lage has gone to waste. } ~~ ~: ~ ~~f I ~ ) 1 {- ~ i I ~j I I !_ ! i I ~- "I used to catl him brother-in-law because everbody liked him~ He ""<!is ""' l good nuui& He stayed .at $Tani-tuntr. for a long time. He usf?d to put fish trap i _ acrosllfo Uul5t below the outlet on Fish Creek). He built a bj.gger· smokehouse . than the one they had. Her put up lots of fish for the people tl·uere, just 1 i kaJ $Baytnidahen%. Sometimes in October month or so when the silver ~almon are ell gone, he ccsught trout next. When all the 'i!Salmon were gone, he made a different trap for trout. He used to have a trout trap over th•rm (WHERE?). They u':Se trout unti 1 the sal man came back again d And then they 5tart put. tin~~ ;- up fish for winter. Red Shirt built a big smokehouse... In sprino they l'lt.llldi! _ dry H~h for winter.. All summer long. He buj lt a big '511'1okehou!UP. and he filled H: right up with smoked salmon. Ha stayed at Red Shirt Lake and he took ovew hife~ .father-in-law's place. Just becautJe he was on th'lit main trail, ever·ybody came to hi~tt and made good use of that place. They stayed thare two or three nightQ. People came there from Susitna, Kroto, Knik and Alexander Creek. Tl'uty all 'Stayed thewe two or three days. They help him cutting wood. Thf!ly usi!id to take th~t~ir· winter catch of furs to Knlk to George Palmer. H~ US$Etd to pay the higt,Gtst price for furs. That's the only one they used to 'l5ell furs to. Red Shirt was the l•st one to atay at Red Shirt Lake. Red 3hirt had lot~ of people stay1n9 with him. There was lots of fish and they ate it year round. It takes lots of work to get lots of fish. Forty or fifty p@ople ~ ~tayed there. It we• an easy plac~. Be~r, moo$e, spruce h~n, beaver; ~ they could get all those things. It wa~ a main highway. It was Just lik~ a n:;,adhouse there .. See Fall: 1981:382-384. T ani-tun Bema 'enclosed obJect is met in water' Red Shirt. Lake Beq'eatsiq' Tuyu'u~i 'object floating at the outlet' island at Red Shirt Lake outlet ·r .anrtun Tesha ·enclosed obJect is set in water-hill· ridge on west shore of Red Shirt Lake AThis is described as a look-out and hunting area. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \'h ,,::;,·. · ~h 1. 1 ~'Jntnu '-f l t:.v~fi ~ 1 ot•11 y cr~e~t ' L•yrn~ Cr'l!!lf,t:t< 5 I ·'On(;: <:Jf the thretl! bands nn ned Shirt Lake lived at tht'!' mouth o·f Lym1 Cn!f!!•k .. Me.ny :lli=nir:hH.·"' were locall.'td further up this cr~ek. SP ree:>orts ti'Hit th!!l''fHe h<:.R.na.f!ol~' li'J~V"Iift fl.\bandon:::!d 1 ong ago. T~nt-t:unt Oinren'l: ·~lu~~ into T~nrtun' t::r~ek <l<!"ld <site :<at north end of Red Shirt Lake <.J li~uy:!. tnu, Su11i tnu • ~•lnd r·i. Vl2!t" • Su?t~it.r~<:l River '·') J '· ''SomiZ~t:illft~ ah;o re-ferred to «S!I $Ts'iti%, 'major river·. The lJena'in•• of the Su~i t.ntA are called $Susi tnuht ·ana.% This term is usual! y app 11. ad to the p1.':lr-~plw of the villages on the lower Susitna betlow the Yentna Rivt?r, but ~o~etimeg tho term is sl~o 3pplied to the Kroto Creek Dena'ina or $D~snq·~nt'ana% or the Ventna River Oena'ina or $Yentnuht'ana. Sh~l Pete state$ tha~ about 100 years $QO the population of the lower Su~itna River wus 600~ $Buk · gh i rJagg i% or $"fuy · i ngga.i. 'th~t which is eroding' or 'little object in the water' Delt~ l~land Su.sni Ka.q· '$and i~land mouth' Su5itna Delta area, including Big Islan~ and the west channel of the lower Su~:itna 7.They say that all the ducks 1 ay their EH~gs at $Susni Kaq · 7. a'.IJ f l!lr up C\$ $Qarnigi Denuch'dnel 'usht~. They got lots of beluga and hooligan there. They put up lotsa fish too. There were many smoke houses. There Here many dry 11pruc:et with limbs <us~td for drying -fish). "They didn't hav~ :tnictlit% they Just dry fish ther~. Hundred of them. Smoke houses right along her~ to toward t.hm moutlt of AlExander Creak, over a four mile area Con the. t4et1St ehamnel >. AJn his mpic biogr~phy of Chief $Diqelas Tukda7. of Alexander Creek Sh~m Peta d~~crib~5 ho~ he died at $Sueni Kaq·Y. in June of 1906, just as the b~luga were running (Pete, 1977). Sm~ also Fall 1981:183-185. Nuk'i'lstt~'ey Bena possibly •spit extends across lake' Stump Lake $Nuk'ests•ey Sena7. flows into the mouth af the Susitna. Out on the islands swe.ns ~are nesting. I think it is named for a spit of spruce tret~s. Nuk'ests'ey Betnu pos$ibly 'spit extends across creek' Stump Lake outlet. Yar.:h'ditnu 'that side river' @ast channel of lower Susitna River ·~'This channel was not used as .frequent! y ae the west ch.annel. The ser 1 es of fish camps t"'ers on the west !Side of Big Island. %"This used to be the main channel long ago." - - - - - - '·.) %"On thiB side of tha Susitna there wa5 no place for bu1ld1ngs.~ <KNJ 9;:~rrH~.}'i. D~nt.u::h'dnel'ushtnu '~t<&h~r~ F'ocks are transported cret!k' s!ou~7• on th~ l!:'ta!t!t side of Bell Isl.:1nd .:<nrJ Big Island ~Eldridge noted in 1898 that the westernmost channel of the lower Sus1tnd was -~he one mo5t frequently used by Indians and traders (Eldridge 1900:9>. t~.1t-n i g i Oanuch · dnel ·usht _ 'wherG> rocks are transported· is~~ncl a~ the northwest end of Big Island a AThe name refere to the gathering of rocks for cooking 1n this area. -Smokmhou!aCH~ extended in a 1 i ne on this island and en the sl O\.tgtt and were ussd axtftnsively in spring and summer. _Ch'bala Ch'ani~'ut ·111nere sprucrl! emtend out· ridge $OUth of Alexander Creek -%"Just spruce tree come into the river there. Lotsa spruce on II'Hi:tst chr:mnel." -K'tl'ila T'el'.iht 'whera hedysar•..1.m i!!i gathered· i$land gouth of AleMander Creek mouth -AThe important vegetable, Indian potato or hedysarum alpinum, w~s qatharad in in spring and fall hPre. SeeP. Kari 1977:103 on the Dena'in• uses of $k 'tl'ila~ 7.From here a series of hi ll !I e:< tends on upriver. Tuqen l<aq' -'c:lw~U"'Water mouth' Alexander Creek village site -""The funeral of :JOiqelas Tukdai., chief of Alexander Creek, at :J:Tuqen Kaq·~. Hl 1906 is described in Pete 1977. Tuqen Kaq· is frequently referred to as a very rich location. -'X"In 1906 they seen a big sternwheeler. They were hunting at :i'Dghelishlai: <Mount Susitna>. My daddy is up there. Th~y seen that big sternwheeler coming up the river. They saw it out in the Inlet. Come into tha mouth of _Alexander Creek." Those American women got scared. ''They <SP's f.?lth!:!:rl c&<me bac:k. The sternwheeler was still there yet. 19@6". S? adds that thia boat had the first livestock that the Susitna people had 5een. A large party left to c.ross to the !nitarod gold fields. Dt:~f1gega Inejaht 'where silverberrtes are pic~ed' 1 sl and e.ast 1..1·f Ale>: ander Creek 'li 11 age, h lil f a oln 1 ._, 110r i ·1er ... This fH\101£! refers to the berry Elaeaq.,u-:: c:ommutat.a. See P. r.art 1977; 68 en the uses cf $dehgegA. Sdig•l Qak"1qha•nikt ·~·'Jh>iiJl'".;~ "gl ;;~s" pi tc:hed a tt:!nt.' t..<P}.HcH'" li1lnci of !iilou.'(;.!h v~ct'%t of Susit.na Riv'E!r, f!ow.tng 5outhV·H'1l;t to~"F.iYd 4U~~ua.nd<itr ;~~"Thi2 i!J1 four or .rive miles below Susitna on a little spit. Sdt.gf31 wo·u:; the ·F i r-~t whit~ man to go by there. He set a tent. there. He p 1 eked up ll>. t.ent ther~ <?J.t that fi$h camp. •• /··Tn~ •Vlan f'lit::knamed Sdigel is said to have been a•l Arneric<9-n. Sham Pll1ttt tl!>~3ti,1'1at<?.'l'l> th.-at hr:t c:amped her@ in perhaps the 1860s or 1870s, ~>•hen l1i Sill mother 'tfi!U.5 e girl.. It has bll!Em sa.ir that in 1834 a Russian named Ma~lakoff was the first white man to ascend the Susitna River. Spurr comment~ th•t th@ f~u!li\ai.an maps af this area were very primitive and that Malak(lff pro!rably did r-.ot pi!netrate very f.ar upriver <1900: 93>. However, the Suai tna peor: le do no r·ecogni ze any Russi an exploratian of the Susi tna River at all. "Th~y never let the Russians up there. They were too d1eap"" Q'ebengga 9atnu 'littl~ lake on flat-creek' SW<'llrtp and small stream into the Susi tn.a Q • t~bengga 'littl~ lak& on <flat}· lake one mile south of Susitna Station Q.!'itsusi pos~ibly 'tiring' 1 olilrq•~ island north of Ball !sl and Slough %«sQa'it~u~i% i$ a little abov~ SSdigel Qak'igha~nikt%. Pretty goo<! size used to be. All go away now. JuiJiSt a Little island." "SQaqitg~r;, there is a long stretch and they get tired there. I thjnk that what :1. t. mean." <BP> Tus Nuch"k'@lyast 'por·tage whefre we carry things acros-s' portage b~tw~an Susltna River and Alexander Creek opposite Pierce c~eek ~This portage is about a half mile long. Sleds and canoes were take, acrass here~ O'ey.;ses Kaq· 'birch ridge mouth' site at mouth OT Anderson Creek Q ·· eysestnu 'birch ridge creek' Anderson Creek %Tha last Dena'ina Snichit~ was at sQ·~ysestnu%. 120 to 130 years a~o it here. They had a trail through here from STuoentnu% tc Susit"~ Station. The hou~e was across the cr~ek from the trsil from STuqentnu. %7he wast side of SQ'eyw~~% le•ds to the mountains and here there were no lnicht~. On the east side $nichi~X extended downstream from the la~e outlet. That's the ~nformaticn that I heard. They say there were tots of houses there. - - - Q ·· €:~'/1!\~W$, Q • ey~es Tt?sha, Yan ,Ses 'birch ridge·, 'birch ridgu htll', 'backbone ridge' Trel:i.l RidQEl J5 ·''Thi$ w·tdge w~<s a hunting are -for moose and porcupine. Thlif tr.:u 1 la-d 1"'~~t t.('J ;1->Sd.ak ·· dal • i y" on the Yentna River. K~l~ Gh'aq·a Betnu • rbel.U'Tt!W -fish ta i 1 creek ' Viinlm.'is.l Lake outl~t ~Thi~ ~a~ a major hunting area. Kat a Ch • a.q ·a Bema 'narrow fish tail lake' Vensn.t'U Lake -%"Thof!e three 1 i ttle 1 al<:e all got name ($Q 'eyses Bena, l<al a Ch 'aq ·a Bena ~ Ha Bena). _ Q • eyses Ban a 'birch ridge lake' - lake at the head o+ Anerson Creek .t Dehi Beq·e Oe'uhi 'a cache is upon it'· island one mile south of Susitna Station t %"The Aleut come up th~re lota times, just for fight. There nobody expect the· got a cache on the middle of that island. They put in dry fisn and evorythirH~Jn They hide tt, you know." Q'eghtsigga 'little slough' spring quarter mile south of Susit~a Station. "This location used to be on a slough on the east bani~ which washed e.w.ay in th, early years of this century. :.i ;,,, __ ~~~ ~- ·r~~i:\t · r.t~t?gh 'b~;:~n~;u:~t.:h the big bouldii'r' Su~itn~ Station villagti and hill 1-~t ~~: ~-%Utwiv~r from STqs«~.t'ukeghi. the $nichir'Y. extended to cf:Qai·nigl T'el'ihti'~. !t r.J. ~·-MH~ completely full of housem. At :iT"Sat'ukegh% when the fires st.artV!!d ir~ tho morning the smoke was like a big cloud of fog. I did nat se~ that. A t_r·ail wer1t to $Ken Bmttdit.untX <ttXX north~ast of Sustina Station). On thEf Uf.H'"'iv~r <east> side there was the trai 1 on SNqadink 'e:t 'i <#XlO and that tr~il m~t the (Susitn~) river. i t~- ~ Ale·Mandr·a Allo~..,e.n talls the following :ft.sukdu'Y. about the two points on apposttR Gid~9 of the Susitna, STsat'ukeghX and $Tani'i%. ~· i"·;-I fh~s~ rock~, $Tgat'ukegh'Y. and STani'i'Y. used to move back and forth along side one another. They killed people if they fell in near them. :!};Yubugh ~' -~~ Tayqan %(the one who paddled around the world> kicked one of them upriver. Then he turned around and kicked the other one dctwnriver. Then they came to be on oppo<site sides of the river. They are r·ocks on the water. They u'i!'ied to !d 11 people. He kicked them apart. ~~ ~ ~!- 1'-' ~- In June of 1896 the priest John Bortnovsky of Kertai wrote this &bout his -~·~ visit to the 'second Su~itna village·. ·- "The second Susitna village is smaller than Toyonok. It consists of about - 1· hou11es.... Contrary to the common opnion that the Susi tna Indians arc ! more savage and stern than the tndi ans of other vi 11 aqes, they are more .i' _ ifidustrious, more thrifty and foresighted than others. this is demonstrated~ ~y the gardens near their houses; they raise potatoes, radishes, ~nd ~ turnips. This year they did not plant much becasue of illnes5 which forced r most of them to stay in bed. this also was the reason for the poor hunttng ~- and consequent shortage of food supplies~·· ~ "Hunting is the chief occupation of the Su~itn~ Indian•. Consequently i t they lead a nomadic life. Often they go far away into the mountain$ and ~- spend several years there. They trade with the Nushagak tribes. In their ~ intertriabl trade, instead of money deer skins are u5ed. which are valued l at $1 each... ~ "They hunt moose, moose skin is used for footwear and clothing. From ):- birc:hbark they make small boats, baskets, and other utensils... ~ "the total population of the three vilages on the Susitna River is f 199 ! 102 male and 97 female>. There are 38 children of school agm." 1 :-<Townsend lq74~19). Se• Fall 1981a375-378. Yusdishlaq· 'on the little point' island and village site in midriver opposite Susitna Station (now washed ~way) J;vudishlaq' 7.11.1.!.\':! too smalL for all the people there. %When the ice jam broke up at XTuhtay'unt Ca tributary of Vroto CreekJ, the water got r~~lly deep. The water even went of $Tsat'ukegh% Chill>. J:Vusdishlaq' was swamped by ice when the 1ce went out. "Biggest ice breakup in history. Everything washed away. Must have been 95 to 97 years ago. Cca. 1895l. My mother was abot.tt 15 or-20 year-s old. She rt.m to the I:Hr,nk -:tnd seen that ica coming down. She start hollering and everybody woke up and saved their life. Yu~dlshlaq' was washed away. House dnd everything. There u•ed to ~e big village there. Three stores. Three different comp~ny. r - - - - - /w:~t··n on t~~at isl.ando After th:lt people moved to :f.:T!llat. 'ukeght7:, mon!!' Jqqi'l('"r pla~N· SYuadishlaq' no high no place.~ ASP notes that th• first Orthodox church on the Susitna was bu1lt hare on the I !i$!.ar;d. H~~ i~ not aur~ of the date. My guess it was not until the i860<ei L"'l~ lllSt0~i>. ~~t!:l}<.m D<:el. ggGtyat ·~t tha white b~nk' _ riveri::H:.nk acrc'!U:l -from Susitna Station x~That's ~graveyard right acro5s from Taat'ukegh." ~sP notes that he found a coffin washing out there when he wa$ six or ~even -~ ym~n1 old. Tani'i "point th~t extends into the water -~~tnt ~nd «ite opposite. and north. a~ Susitna Station %The~~ ua~d to be $nich1~ on $Tan1'1X. My -father's brother who wa5 a -msdicine man !!J.tayed thet"e... uRiQht across Susitna Station they got & big t~ai 1 towards Alexander Creek." There were :fnict"li t-7.. there. _ AThe m~dicine man who told the Susitna prophecy story <Pete, 1975> lived at $T~ni 'i~ in the 1880s. I ~ Betnu, Hatnu -·grease lake·. Leech Lake outlet -I %Thera were $nichir on $Ha Betnu. f-ta Ben.a 'grease lal<a' f~fM!t:h Lake Qal-nigi T'el'iht 'where rocks are gathered' -island on east bank above Su$itna Station 7~abins extended one after the other, all the way from $Qatniqi T'el 'iht% to ~T9at'ukeght7. ••• Up at $Qa~nigi T'el 'iht7. there was a big village on th~ trail near SKen Tiditunt. Gatnigi T'el'ihtnu 'rock5 are gathered creek' slougn.on east bank above Susitna Stat1on I -1 !<en Tidi tunt - 'wh~re trail comes to the flat' swamp northeast o~ Susitna Station ~This trail led from SQatnigi T'el 'ihtA east to Red Shtrt Lake. ::lU~H1·~~A ~lVf.m, FROM YI::!NTNA RIVER TO TALKEETNA RIVER. INCLUDING Kf{QTO CRt$K DRAINAGE: ftwq '~ Tad'\· i tqfilyi 'Qn it w0 sink into the water· t ~1 .~nd <Mt the conf 1 uence of the Ventna River Ch'at.~noalts~gh ·y~llow w•t.er flow~ out' cre~k into Susitna on east side tr~ miles above mouth of V0ntna, loc~lly Ci.ll h~d "Sh~m Pete Slcn.Jgh" %On th~ Red Shirt (L&.ke) side at $Ch'atenaltseghX I built a cabin in 1926~ KeAt.hmril1~ Nicol ie usttd that. ""<KN used this c&bit1 last in 1934 when she waSJ~ t·.r-apping aut o-f Kroto Creek village.) They used to leave canoe'S and boats there and here was the wall-warn upper trail to $Tan~tunt7. <Red Shirt Lake.>. Xt crossed $'K 'ta • at.nu. There hi a. swamp there. ..Then to :t:Tan~tuntu% lFimh Craekl. They carry everything across that bridge~" .... <See 40XX)~ Ch'bat•ashghet ' • spruce charcoal p 1 ace • on~ mile §Outh of upper end of Kroto Slough -~ %Seven mile5 up from Susitna Station, above Shem Pete Creek, i$ $Ch'bat'amhghct %There im spruce there, and "they make lunch there. They build a fire going up ..,; to Kroto. That•m all they use em for-No Snichir%.'' It's on the trail to $0ashq'e. ~ Bec.fe Tach'itqayi Q'eghtsi 'on it we sink into the water -slough' l<roto Sl ou9h ~, %nwe had a ·little camp over there and we used to trap on Kroto Slough. h~ is full of be~ver on that creek. We used to go about ten miles down. In spring f about half a dozen guys used to go there to catch brown bear and black bear·. The bears used to look for fish back bone and stuff like that. I b~lieve that wall a pretty important slough for them." <BP> ~ Tutikaq• . ·· parha.p15 • desc:endi ng wAter mouth · mouth of Rolly Creek ~ Tut.ikaq'tnu • dEPscandi ng water mouth creek · .! Rolly Creek tf.! ~~ %"Tutikaq't.nu goes below Kroto about three miles. I used to trap beaver all ~·along there. There are lots of little lakes all along there." <BP) ~ Tutikaq' Butna 'descendin9 water mouth lake' ~;lake at the head of Rolly Creek r·'Y."Northweet from Nancy Lake is a little lake on top of a hill. Right ·fr·om ~!th~re creek begin~, $Tutikaq'tnuX. That's about a half mile long lake? that i< - - - - - - - - - - - !~,gfc ~i.~~-;~.. I U'$tl!id t.o tr~p behraver and lyn><. Tha ·s <nbout. ,dl it; 'lll goo<:l ·for·,. l: t.<,li!lad to r.::.ate.:h my l icni t in about four or five days in that .ii!.r6!~l .. ·• O:.IP) ~~k·t~lc:hret "wh~rm fi~h ~wiM over ripples' ~oint un!:9 milm 9outh of Kroto village ?:"'This w.as t.h~ main boat landing for Krot.o. ·• <KN) nashq • 6' l<ol!lq • ·a.~ th~ b~r -mouth' ~1.ou t.h af Kroto Creek Tuqentnu, Da~hq'e Batnu 'clearw£ter creek' or 'on the bar -creek' l<t~ot.a Cre@k, Deshke River The nama Kroto comg~ from the personal name of $K'ghudu~, Anderson Stephan. This stream was intensively used by the Kroto Creek band. T\"et' Qelchsntnu •fart Bmells creek' creek from west just below Kroto village Dafihq'e "an the bar' -Krot.o village This villa9e site is reported in de Laguna 19342139, CRNA 1975:96, end Fall 1991=379-382. x•Pmte Alex's father's cousin had a house on top over here,.on that ridge l~t o~ Kroto village>. That's where Pete Stephan's father lived. They _ toerl:l born right here, be-fore they moved to Montana Creek." <KN> ~"On this island (between Kroto Creek and Susitna) there was another house. The old house. John Stephan's father's father used to have smokehouse over -~hare. When we were small we saw that smokehouse. It was standing up yet. - - On this island. He just come right across here where he had a net. Not doarm at our place. •• (KN> K'ghu Ch'da Dai-kitst 'where there is a fur blanket' creek and flat three-quarters of a mile above Kroto village % .. From the mouth you can see up to $K'ghu Ch'da. Oa.rkitst." K't~er Uq'e T'el'ihi 'on it fish spreader 5ticks are gathered" igland in Kroto Creek near first fishing site %'.There's nothing but little alders and cottonwoods. They're skinny and talL We usad to haul that in a little boat. They dry it and Mom peel it and the old man make a fish rack. We hang em up. They had a big smokehouse. It wa~ nice." <KN> ih' •fi!t:a.!l~h • ff.ll ya<.eht 'butc:!h~f"if'l;g pl SCSI' lpl&c~ ~bov~ fishing site whwre game was butchered ~V'T"hi'ZJ i'5 wh6re old mean uaed to land bear. We usud to call it 1 ""· ghuch • .. 1 yuhtY.. We never land th..,..,. aft..,.. .,., grow up. " <KNl Sgiti B~q·m T·el'ihi I "~~i~h~ret e~hw-y h1 gathered· i~l&nd in Kroto Creek K·chan Beq·~ Tel'ihi ·~ar® gr&ss is gathered' islllllnd in Kr·oto Creek Tukq;m•dghulnent r ·mh~re roots washed aut• ~plac~ about three miles up Kroto Creek ~ ' ~ AThis and the neMt seven places are located within about two miles on Kroto Cr~ek in an area of high aboriginal population. J Sd&k 'dal 'i ·point that extends' ~ point on !<rota Creek ~ Ta;y'in Beq'e Tiytalyashi 'fish trap is floated upon it' ~ ~all i •land in Kroto Creek, four miles up K • i ygh«1'-yghakt m··~ere fish is harvested' f?ishtrap site on Kroto Creek "' Nunuts.ahdnulc:het ~ ·where ~ish fence was put across· f' 5ite. five to six miles up Kroto Creek ~·. XA r~ally big spring flows in here. They used that spring water. There wer'! ', Mtany $nic:hU:X here.. They harvested fish here.. There were mar\y people herm, a little WilY'S from the fish trap. ..Thousands of people used that ; fiuh trap." ~· AThis is the ~ite of a major story $~iq'a Dink'udlegheni., about a man who ~: turned into a salmon. ;'; '' Olaqenq • akda l 'old smokehouse' (place in area of this village site '. ;..••we saw some old sticks, just worn out onclu!5, sticking out here and thare. : There'5 another place here where a beuver dammed a pond. tt came to a lake 'now .. Hem '!!laid it wasn't there. Beavll!r made it:. Now there swans and duc:ks -have lotsa fun .. Last time I was there is 1940." <I<N) ... - - ... - - - - - - - - ~~ J. r·!t..~!i,ltl i1: NuQhi k ··at.· · "t 1 $h f!3.tnt::!$ QIIX t(l~nd-s down · Jf i 11;h i n.g 'l!lli ti!f! on t<roto Creek , f 1 ve m! 1 es up 'f5.t.tf::· :Ouf.H daht ·~~<lh~re eoff i.n-s fall. down· .._ x:~~t:;~f!'t:~~ry '!Site an Krata Creek, about et x miles up on west b&nk ~.••1·~·Hat ift~.artu chtacl man·~ box W4Uiih out. It 51 ides there, gr.avmyards ~u!lsth out Olll J. th~a~ ti mGt. •• There were $ni c:hU·% there too. u~·~ T~its·e~datl'i Betnu ·on it $Omeane hides in fear creek' .... cra:frk in·t.o •<rota Creek from west from hi 11 <below) Uq'e T~Sits'ei:'datl'i 'on it ~omeone hides in faar' · ridg~ betwa.n Kroto Creek and Kahiltna River AThe name refers to a war story in which people retreated to this ridge during --a war 'Ni t:h the Al uti i q. 1.Joe Nicolle had a hou::ae there, on that hill. Nuch 'ulghei-atm.t ·turns back around -cre11k · Trapper Creek %This cr~ek flows out of $Bentaydlent. ""The name re·htr·s to the meanders in this creek. Ban Taydlent. 'lake where current is' Trapper Lake XThis is where they would come up in bidarkas and start out walking on the trail up into the mountains. They could paddle that far in a canoe it seem~. "Pretty swift water*. They got waterfall too. They pack that bidarka up." At SBen Taydlena% they catch trout year round. There wa• a $nichirZ at the l>i>lke outlet they say. 11 At a big island on the lowtw end." Nirq'aghedlent ·where streams join' confluence of Nail Lake outlet and Kroto Creek aenteh 'among the lakes· Nedl Lake %That's where Anderson Stephan used to trap. %"Anderson never did use that place a·fter his two brothers drowned <there>. ihat'g Mrs. Allowan·s uncles." <KN) x~That's his name K'ghudu. They change it to Kroto. That SBenteh%, that's his trapline." <KNJ Untuhtay'untnu • tlftl'i\:lit'l~dl-eut li<~Q;:,:os~ Cr~flUh; '''•a:\n i!.~£ll j;JI.m 'l.ln thi<B:> creek in about 1895 c&u'Sed rttajor ?!coding down'!i~t:n~&m at, $f,.ud. tr'.a Sti!i.t:i on .. t<U q<flcyh~l t~~i't 'ii'>'h®re t::urrent i 5 swirl i nQ · Ji t\:il'h.sv ~ tAf"lcl ~ddy on the Susd tna River, on• mile above :f:Oa~tu:; 'CD%1 an th4F.t m.n~t ·i( b.ftrt k · .. 't -I ~-fhi!Z is vi.sible upriver-from $0ashq'e,. They named it :.fNif~aghelert%.. There 1.:·.·.· · ~.;;:s 1\ big e~mp thare. '"They used to haul supplies up ther'e for thff rai lro.md .. " ; "- Nfh1 z i ~ whW""@ the 1 arga steam boats had to stop on the way up the St..~·.d tna. , J Railroad timl!S ..,.,. .. hauled to this point during the constr·uc:tion of t.hllll Al<Amkill. '·' Railroad., In the old days the D•na'ina had to h.aul their canoes around thi~ point. Nubetl'dal t:.untnu •lakes mKtend aeras~-creak' Willow Crll!!ek A site north of the mouth of Willow Creek is noted in Reger 1993. Httc::h • Nuycnentnu !·flows b&ck and forth <maanderinQ) creek· Decepti ora Cr·ectk Tm' itud·ken Betnu •pttch ~ark ridge creek' creek into Deception Creek from $Ts'iherkan Ts • iheHtan 'pitch-dark ridga• ridge "Bullion" at. base of Bald Mountain Ridge AThi• place name r•fers to the contrast between the timbered zone hera and open country of Bald Mountain Ridge. Thi9 ridg• is in the center of the proposed statw capital site. &nts4l!ch'ctlashitnu ·~omuone lent rocks to him -creek Little Willow Creek AThe name refers to the practice of warming food by dropping hot rocks into containers .. Nudayk'et•t •timberlines extend down· peak 3186' .. Willow'" south of Little Willow Creek %"We go through $Nudayk'et'i7. from $QughunY. <Bald MountaiH Ridge) .. Wlili! go up tf' $Qughun'r. and they don't kill anything. Then from there we go acros• - :t:Bantsach'elashitnu'% <l.ittle Willow Creek). Then we keep on go follow the mountain. And there is .a nice J.ookinc; place there. Thii1Y stop there.. They hunt for awhile4 ~ot'5a blueberries. Before ~• go down to canyon on Kashwitna. That nice looking mountain, that's the one they call SNudayk•et·i% - - - T ·tlh~~i TutF1atbut Tayen• 'c:tJt:et:i.fi~~~d bleii.u:::hilld in Wfilt.ar -lat.raight stretch· 'l!l;b~,g;t.~h of the Sued tna. Ri var bsl o~»~ the Kashwi tna Ri vat~ ·"'.fhh'< E3liikC:ff h> m~nt.iansd .as where the woman S:Ch·anqet'""' wa~ stranded in thti} '!31'lt Q>n hCt" n£~~Zt. tt"'ip down the Susitma River in about 1903 <Pet.& 1980). ~(f. ~bi b'ua •bQy -?-r~t ver · t•Ca:mhwi tna River X"Nu ~nieh:U· in that c::ountry. Too rou9h a place for people I think .. " );'"A.l~o i1r .. dunder related to us his knowledge of a villaqe site an the North Fe~r~ of Ka'.llhwi tnc Rivero • .. Dryer also related the ex hstanc:e of an old lndi4n trail which linked this village and Chickaloon" <CRNA !975=~6). kiHlitnu Tl'u •bey -?-riv~r headwaters• upper Ka~hwitna River %The one they called :fKirkda'h found gold there. Every summer he u'5ed to br-:.i.nt; _ Ame~ican~ up there. They paid him $50 in gold far the trip. He found gold in the raountairus-He went. there every summer. I saw him.. He diad in my fJif"IJ!Sfi!MCat. Hut.sigh•lqet.'i "bald-headed one· ~ntain "Whitna••, between Little Willow Creek and Kashwitna River %'"From $Nudayk'et'i we stop at another mountain over that way. Nothing on ~op. ~'d there·s a big lake by it. That what they call $Hutsighelqet'i%. And they ain't supposed to call it all the time neither. They say it comes to be bad weather .. They used to tell us not to call it." <KN> Hutsighelqet'i Bena •bald headed lake' --. small lakes an mountain ••whitna•• - - Ki H:ti tnu l:i • a ~boy -?-river glacier• Kashwitn.a Glac::ier Kii-bitnu Dghelay;a 'boy-?-river mountain' mountain 6730 • at head o-f Kash11•i tna River Saqay Nilyashtnu ·canoes are left Sh~ep Creek creek' AThe name re-fers to the practice of leaving canoes here while groups went hunting in the mountains to the east. Sheep Creek i~ to shallow for h~uling loads o~ meat <Pete Stepan, fieldnotes>. Bak ·en in· iy • 'ht.iillr i bel\J f <NflC~ • ~.t:tf:"'~bnu f(;lttu:::r~ in o~P b~tW@I!lln mounta.irua "Sunshine .. .and "hlalv~rin4'2' .. n.c,,.·t;h cJ·f Sh~~~P Cr1tak %-:tluk 'n:ii.n·iy i'lll upl&lnd -from Montana Creek.. ''Two mountains clc')Sf:l to(, hetr"~'" They m.atdet a f eru:EW th!llra f Qr" c: ar i bou. ""it. ~'-'lla'Sll ! amt u~t'ltd in the 1 at«:~ 19th cantury. K·~~ Tuqi~hlatnu •thing$ wa~h up on it• B!l!O?&E'i t':rE"ak ·-- li: l ~-~ i i tllllli i ,_ r 1-l J t l-1 ! - - - - - - - - - - - - ·- - - - - QidtYJ~ • g~at ·~vl!ii"rflow~.U a11d .fra&~%til~· f'1ot;"a%klii~4 Cr!M!k "'~1t·u"'!i~au-;;~t Creek became a gmall Dena· ina vi 11 age in about 1915 wh12n the1:< r$1 l reed c~n~~~uction was underway~ Trails go west from here to 'Trapper L~k@ and ~~~t to~·$&u-·d Li!i.r§!en L~ke •nd the western Talkeetna Mountains~ 'JC'!'1ont.ana Creek didn't have nothing tc stop ther• for unleso we go up to the !'Mlunt . .min. Th.at·a a new plac::l!f .. That start when the railroau::f! start. Not en cld place." CKN> l::inghasdlf'Jnt 'wh&r~ ~tr~ams Join' canflu~nce o~ the North, Middle and South forke of Montana Creek AP®ta Stephan reports that there are house pits in this area. 1·'iSi t · untal i Betnu "thin ~ide head creek' South Fork of Montana Creek Tsit'untali Dghelaya ~thin wide head mountain' mount~in~ 4559' and 5354' south of South Fork of Montana Creek $Tsit'untali% is below $Nultani • ..... This i!lt locally known as "Table Top". t'Jul tani 'animal that is lying down' saries of mountains east of Montana Creek $"Nultani'X. looks to them like an animal laying tnere.11 ""John Stephan reports that the nama "Montana,. <Creek) is a mispronounciation o.f the Oena'ina name $Nultani. Sdaghuyq'et. 'an tha end of the point' point on Susitna River betwee" Montana and Sunshine creeks T$uk Qayeh 'old village' site opposite mouth of Sunshine Creek %~1 think it's close to the mouth of Sunshine Creek. They call it ·old village'. "'The exact location is uncertain. This is another loca·t.ion used by the Mountain People. I<' t 'ut~&q' a Kaq' 'fish cutting hole -mouth' mouth of Sunshine Creek ' K. • t · u-mq · ~tnu 'fish cutting hole -creek' S:Lm$h in~ Creek %"Lot~e fish in that creek~" "Th~y put up silvers there." CKN) Sen t<arJ • & 'big lakm' S~n~r.a L<!n.k€! Ch'Ci.ten l<aq' 'fr~0zes out mouth' IJ7t0Uth of Birch Creek on Susitna River $*'Ch.&mqet'% would bring that dry meat down (from the Talkeetno1, Mountain'!.~) tt') :fCh • at\!l!rl Kaq • .. 'X"Th~y put up lots fish there." X .. Thety were catching some king salmon at the mouth .. " <KN) 1 C:h • atem Bena 'freezes out lake' Fish L.iikE1 ~ 'X. '¢t1y f athCIW' and h t s brothers used to stay there. They had a f i s;h trap tharfa « Old timers. Annie Ronning's father, all my uncles. Everybody used to have ~their own place. Build some kinda house. Before white people. They say my 1 1 fAther had a house there. After he died Cin 1918> Mom never did go back. They had all kinds a trout.. They use it in sr.;ring and fall. In fall when . trout goe• back to th• lake and then when they coming down in the spring. · They had a bridge. I remember when Mom took me there one time. We l'Uls ~ watc:hinQ to tul!e if trout go in trap .. They had a place box-like. They pull. it (fish,rap) aut and they dump it. They say everbody used to travel ~ through and !ltop there Just far the trcut." <t<N> ~ Ch • atentnu : ·freezes aut creek • ' BirtCh Creek and Fish Lake outlet stream f, Hnibes Ka ·a '' 'big eunbedded bank· hill ona mile south of Talkeetna ~%"That's part of $Chuti Yits'aX <*XX). ! t:i nghasdl ent 1 · wher93 Sitreamti join· ~open area at confluence of Chulitna and T4lkeetna rivers with the Susitna ~%One open place above Talkeetna. All creeks come into one open area. - - - - - - - - - - t~~~::te th.!:lt thEt l oc:at ions on the Chul i tna FH ver a.re lbet ter known to Sh~m P.r!te th.:ttn thtJ parallel lU'"e.au on the Sumitn.a Riv(l!r. SP sta.te!i that thi'!S i~ because• the Chulitna River is mare navigible in a skin boat than i!l.i the adjc.u:ll!'nt pcw·tion of the Susi t.na. T~! · i l ut·.nu • -·?-r·i ver' Chu!it:n.a Riv.ar %Uprivar from $=inghasdlentY. and upriver from where they call $Tuqa~itnu% <Tckasitna River) there is a stream that flows out from a glacier. I rem~mher that fHUI'Ut. :fTs '11 utnu~ xnMy littl@ brother was born in 1922. We go way back up towards McKinl~y Mountain ~here STs'ilutnu~ comes. They c:ome dow" in skin boat down to TaJ.keetna.. Then from Talk•etna back to Kroto. That's the last time I r~member-And they had all kinds af names to the places up there. I wish I could rememb~r all. After they cross $Ts'ilutnuY. they camp there and old man trap ~nd hunt beaver from there. My brother Alex was there. Mom used to put u• in ·led and haul us around... They say all the Susitna people used to go up that. way for hunting." <KN> Nii'·ati9<Sh'it'ut ·adjoining hills' c4nyon on Chulitna River near Denali State Park boundary Qichi Qinghi~neqt •the old lady made it that far• pos5ibly creek from Blair Lake :3Qic:hi lUnghU·neqtY. is an the right. hand side going up. 11 Kinda canyon th•r·e. Rock cut inside there." It is lika a den there, there is a cave. That is where that old lady reached. She camped there and those things as big as swallows, bats, wera flying around. They grab somathing above and hang down. "S~~ wasn't scared cause she all done in. $Qichi Qinghi~neqtY.~ Old lady, I thi nl< that was Ch • anqet' • " Tuch'etl'ghi'ut 'where brush extends into the water' on west bank of Chulitna River, fifteen miles up %"You c:an·t go through those alders. J\.tst like curly nair. On left hand side going up. I been up and down that creek a good many times, 1913, 1914, 1q15." '%11 Another place on $T~'ilutnu% just alder sticking in the river, all tangled up oruf~ Al dar just look like my hair tang 1 ed up. They name to it :SJTuch 'etl 'ghi 'uti. .. " <t<N> K 'etchan Vel a ·gra~Sm mountain' hill without treem above $Tuch'etl 'ghi 'utf., location uncertain 'li:.'"Ant:tHHlt!l'' ridge way up thet"e we used to watch it. Mom heui um it, $\l11i!ti. Om;> l h .. iU. with no tFe!letS .. All 9r"t1'!U'l .. Ju<5t big hili. Nic:E!la ·rney r:::~U H. ~K 'll!t:hill:lf~ V'iiil a... U<N> I ~{ ·~mug.i pos~ibly ·~nc:i~nt one· tang ridge betweetn th~ Sumitna and Chulitna, from Blair Lake to Chulitn.m I Pa,~§ '}(tt:r·oto !PilliOPl«~' u-aed ;iitf<'esugiX to ::JQughun %<B•ld Mountain RidgllE'). They I U'!ltit,; that area. "T'hey catch caribou in that mountain. Every !Sumttuer they nt~y W4iting for caribou. They catch caribou, they ntake a skin boat and go dawn to Krot:.o." $K'~'!St.tgi wa~ Little Bobby <Stephan)'s father's mountain. He would go there:! for car·ibou~ They us•d it in the fall. When ha was young, he went to Wcr.""k <hunting) at that mo.Jntain, Little Bobby'o;; little father. -;.;~ WC!nt up :SK 'esugi~.. Up thera we came to some caribou. We killed caribou. We E'<!icked them down tc the people staying at :$Quht'~nagga K'etnu K'i.l<1lnt'X \Gold Ct·mrek) <in 1CH4) .. K'ewuQi K~n I • baSfl o-f the ane: i ent one • r~i on.al name for Chuli tna-·Mi ddl e Susi tna area ... There at $K'esugi Ken% we kill fcurtef!tn bear "before we quit. 1914 I kill sevo~~n," and Little Bobby'!~ older brother also killed seven. N~lnUuJa Ey'unt 'shabby ~teambath is there' Troublesome Creek %"On east side is $Nelnikda Ey'unt?.. 1 saw it, Must be old camp there. Thay hunt bear• up there all time, Susitna and Kroto Indian. Lot a bear." Tuqashi t<aq· 'things fall in water-mouth' mouth.of Tokositna River %There is a pass to $Tuqashi Kaq' by ~K'enuqak'itnetani <*XX Peterg Hill$}. Tuqe!shitnu 'things fall in water -river· Tokositna River .... Shem Pete travelled to the Tokasitna River in the spr!rH; of 1903, from St..U:1itna Station, to the Yentna River, the ~.,p the Kaheltna River and c•ehe Creek~ then over the divids pagt SK'enuqak'itnetant, to th9 Tokositna .. Ch'etl'uch'ghelyasht 'where we hold boats in water· rapid9 on Tokositna River ..... - - - - - - ~~~"~ <C:4fitf~ ~;h~P·~ <vi a i"'etm-s Hi 11 !S) • W6!' don't 1 ike Ch · et.l · udt · ghi i y.r.o5h t ~~~ ···~.:;, ~<OvG dt"JWft tu:daw. t'lk& •p~nt the winter. In sprint;~ we m.:;ke a $kin i:..loat ~nrJ I ~ ~l>::l down to Tall<etl!!tna and way down to Kroto. " . We 'lip~nt. the ~P" i ng _!}1~1!~e.. If~ ~,~t"Fi~Y d',!Jitl 't want th&t W&tf!H""fall. "1 was about etght yean& old •.!. n lt 90 . .:-.) * !K !1"'C$,g.st®~ pt.armi gan. u t h&d bow .and .atrrow 7 no gun y~~tt. " I F.J'-·-"<', • -"' Jr,;f."f!:i:·lft ~ ?..,. (;$l ~ ~t,ig l.a.dtl!+J' i\1\tsnc:o Lffll<tlj l\uq4,a~hi ·r,llyf.itHl Rt.nin~'S f-all in water -str.ra.ight stretch' -~JK::t ~ tlrl of Tokae.i tna. R1. ver l luq¥!sh:i •tning5 <rcck9) fall in water' TokAmh4 Mountaing 1 1'uqiashit:nu t:i'a -•t.hings -lall in water Tokosatna Glaci•r r i ver -g 1 -ac: i er · _ fXThat. glacier extends upriver from $TuqashiY. ... Tha-.·s a big one. Big glacier. 1 ... ,.A tru:m name!d $Batninch'ey'Y., ('wind blows against. him', Mrs. Allowan'&l f~tl·u.•r· brathfil!r) fell into a glacier. He had a stone axe in his shirt.. He chupped I DUt: steos and he climbed bac:k out. That :$Bat.ninch'ey7.. came back out f•·o.n -'thta' glacifllr'ti mouth <crevasse>. '"Thi 11 i ~ the !!i te o-f a maJor story about a Dena'. ina woman who was capt•.&red by the $ci DnayY., glacier people. -1 ~1ni Qul a t:i 'a 'unafraid glacier' Kanikula Glacier ~ .. Left hand -side a little one <glacier). sHn.i Qular., no danger. They weren't: ~&red, but dangerous on the right hand side <Tokositna Glacier>. ATha name was reported in 1906 by Belmore Brown who was with the CooV. -expedition. Thie indicates that Dena'inc~. with knowledge of this ar~ta uere pri'l'l9tmt .. -ITs'ilu Dghelaya ' -?-mountain' aountain .. Alder" west of Chulitna River -ITm'ilu l:d'a · -?-glacier' j Ruth Gl a.c:ier -~%There is a big glacier that goes across there. They took one day to 9l · across it. When they pass by a glacier they bundled up grass. They l tied it <grass) into packs to prevent the one$ following behind from -·ftalling into the glacier. It is a long way across that canyon, .:md when someone ran out of gr•s~, another one pacf~ing it would take over. They -~~uld drop it across the glaci~r <to walk on>. Ts.ilu "rayena · -7-straight stretch' 50 %"'-'l't~~t • n .mi:u:.v~ $Tuq«'lUihi tnu%. " !t~lf~~~J.M~y:e?:. i!l $Tt~. · i lu Tayena'%v Strai qht ttc:r·o11ni from tht.11 ~nd of $T13 • i 1 u ueig open pl dC:e. You c:an t~i:e fof" Ali ht•'i!i .• " ~tnu O~tniy!tnu ~ r Ci''E'I~:k that r"O.Qf"'S • 1 ~Co..-: f ti~ Cr&$k %ifi'urt.her upri. Vfltr is the mouth of a streuun. Th.at c::reek they c:~ll $Betrn.11 ~tniyitnu~-That's another name that I rammmb•r· i~etniyt •th~ ~n~ th•t ro4rs· ~unta!n, location uncertain, possibly between Coffes Creek and Spink l..i.ike ~..Antu.ghlitt 'ut ·~~re w&t~ cameti up from below· 9yea··s Crt~cdt I Quntu9hftt•ut Sen& · ·wher~ wat~r com•s up from below -lake' ~ Dyers Lake ~ c:amiJIIJ to •Quntughet'ut7. on the way ;.tp $K'esugi .... "You ~ttte t.hat lakm has dBteP water ... I Ogh~lmy Saq'e Nuhdagheltunt I 'canyon c:rotusing the •nauntain • m pass aCr"O!&S $K'aaugiX toward Gold Creek =1 Tay~na · I 'glacier mtraight stretch' ~Eldridge Glacier and Fountain River l l:ch • ibay Ka· a r •btg whirlwind· P1oot1e • s Tooth I Ai-tnu .v· 'df.lladfall trap creek' Little Coal Creak ii I Qununahch•duhashjuy Betnu 'that which we go up to watch for game-creek' 1 Hurricane Gulch l'W Qununahch'dghashjuy ~ 'th&t which we ga up to watch for game' ~mountain 4665' north of Chulitna Pass r~ Benent~iltledi Betnu I 'that which one 9lides down-creek' I Honoluh.& Creek - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ·- •tht!l.t '"''hieh one slides down' •~>tlU<'l~<z-t.R n ncr-th of Honolulu. Cr·eek ~'ff'<i.fiht ·e.Jl •t~?nt:l~'l!!lwd c<'!llnyan· ~f'O!liid P111~s area '51. %ll$here that $1( ·asuQi;. ridge extends en upriver, the <upper Chulitna> f"i vmr flowm through & staight stretch. Upriver from there the water flows ~mong th~ ~Gh~ltsana <Tanana River Athabaskans) ••• ~Wherever that ~Ts'ilutnu flows from'!! thei> $Sheltsiln4%, had a trail. They had a trail through $0en·yih T'u% wh~~W~ the t:r~in go&us in that low country. 11 Vou go to Cantwell. Th~n you 9et to to that. <N~nana) river." The follotdng st.at~BHMtnt by Mo-ffit, who had extensivet experience in this •'lll'"'"=: provi~em significant independent corrabaratton of the territory that has btrmn defined by Sham Pete through the place na.mes inventory.. 11 F'ormarly the lo~r Susitn& natives also hunted in the Broad Pass region, coming into it by way of the Chulitna River or the valley leading northeast from .Indian Creek~ Broad Pafis itself seems to be the northern limit of their territory" <Moffit, 1"115r20) • EBUfHTNA fHVER FROM TALKEETNA TO OEVIL CANYON AND ABOVE PE.wi 1 C&nycn wat! the boundary betw•en the Ahtna e.nd Dena· ina on thm ~..t$1tnll Rivaw 9 although tho Dena'ina rE~gularly hunted in th~ O!<ihetrta ,··tver" f.<:~untry. Inc:ludsd in this ••ctian are a.ll of the Dmr&<E~'ina ndiune~ in tM~ : uppor Su~itna area reme.mberad by Shem P•te. Sham has not travelmd an tMfi Susitn~ above $Ch'a~'ul'ishi7., but he ha• been on thti Osh~tn~ tr~il to Tyonfi Lak~u Som~ af th•s• names are repeated in Ahtna in the following ~i!X:t i Qrt B • l::d"'l • i bc&y Keght ·~t th~ big whirlwind' bl off on su~J.i tna River nttar Chasct Tt~ • emt&·l-k i ! ·flat rat~k point· r atcL.tntain "t.arut" east of Chase AAnnie Ronning's father used to hunt hare. Shti!it'dttsh 'rescued" saved' · mountain north a4 Cu~ry ! Dnalbu'i •tne grey one' mountain east of Susitna River, east o:f $K'esugi Quht'anag~a K'etnu K'ilani 'creak that belongs to the little people' Bald Creek %We came onto a lot of caribou <in the $K'esugiY. area). We killed them all •nd packed them dawn to the paapla staying at $Quht'anagga K'etnu K'ilan% and gchuqitnuX. That's Alex and $Wasidi TukdaX. I saw Katherine "Nicolie's motha~ thare in 1914. And $Ch'k'idetnisen7. <Katherine Nicolie·~ father). "I h•d a big gun already ... 1 AThis place name is derived from rocks there which have concretions which · look like little peple, dogs, animals and other things. Oghelishla 'little mountain· mount~in at the head of Gold Creek, location uncertain Chuqikaq' 'beaver lodge mouth' mouth o4 Indian River %John Stump's :feather :JTs'uduyur Tu%, stayed at $Chuqikaq·. "He stayed year roundv He got married to a woman from Sustina and went back up there. They moved duwn to t<nik and John Stump wa\1 born in K11ik (in about 1998) ... Chuqitnu - - - - - - - - - - - - ·~x*.-twmr l QU9~ t:rmiik • l1i<WJ !i. <!in R i V'.Bi"' f.Ci!~><.aq;l, tnu ·ru!:St&>s ''@l: •. i!:J.V~ l odgfD Cf'tifllk -pA<$S ' [~l::ul i ·tnaii b,ass !tl;'h!2Jy bo~t down the $Ts • i lutnuY... They portage to the Su'<!it tnt'l. They go ova~r· ·~ p•~~ ~t the upper end of $K'esugiY.. Thera's a pas~. We went over ~~ p~~~~ We came to soma caribou toward $Chuqitnu7.. We pecked the meat ~¥t; to $Suht • enegga K 'etnu K • i lantY. <Gold Creek). ~n the ~ummer of 1898 Eldridge and Muldrow ascended the Susitna River to ~litn~ Paum, the upper Chulitna and on to the Nenana River. He note~ a ·!ri~ible> Indian tr.eil through these areas <Eldridge 1900). lib ~:nl'lil to Broad P~se via Indian Creek is also noted in Moffit 1915:20. ~-~k'ul'ishitnu "la$cl caribou moves out -creek' crtHtk into SuBi tna from ,.Clear· .. , at Devi 1 Canyon c·ak'ul'ishi ·1~ad ca~ibou moves out· ll!!!lDl.mtain "Clear .. between Devil C&nyon and upper Chunilna Creek ""'Shern Petm ut.ates that this name im metaphoric. The western Talkeetna ~tai nss do~n th• Susi tr~a valley are thought to 1 oak 1 ike a herd o~ caribou, with this mountain as their leader. ~ughi!-'ut ~~.current flows down· hvil Canyon Tu-1-Juntnu ·~rk water river· mack River a»·ueatnu '@SUivsr river· ill!!lmetna River XCComing from Matanuska River) we ~ent over the mountains to $Q'usatnu% ~d to $8enq'etQge CTyone village). -o·usa Dghal&y~ Y.or $Q'u~a~tqest 'quiver mountain' MOuntain 7055. at head of Oshetna River ?.;.'"That mountain, every time they walk that way they drag <?) ~IP and down on their-back. Nice clear place. No brush. Lots of caribou. !l'u!la!lhlatnu '!ittlm quiver river Little Oshetna River Yu'.ldi 'laut one' or 'point' t~dn4t S;..;tt~ .n .. • H-t\'Ml~'y' i-H·i • ~'!l ' <:.i~Mlc1'"1; t i m~:u»r· c oun try · l."~t'iltl'.W'n Ahtru;r, p late•u, Capper River 1 owl ands in upper Gt.J 1 kana, Suiifi tna, Nenan ~!! 'i'"t,v~r ar~~ '~1·yrn'll!!l:' country, $Ht.st'iy Nenq ·til%, l \itayed there one month w Thet '!lit Jim Tyonll!l: '5 ~$t.l'~~·w • 'iZi country.. "Tnay 1nake caches there, Just 1 ike beaver· hOU!iH!. It fre&::e tAP~ FQ •• u~'~' five~~, sin pilGP up.. They· put in fish egg!J. They ka~p it for t.wo~ t:.hr~a Yillt~f"$5 11 It dries and they use it. "No trees around there.'" See c:i t.~tian in Tyone River section. Sru.u .. t.a'li "'<Ahtna> • brushy orto • hill on Snnona Cre•k ~~~ bemn all over that country, trapping beaver. ! know that arwa. Benq'et.gge 'b~tween the lakes' 1,yone Vi 11 age 'X.""fyone Village was below that mountain <:SSartigi). Tyone had a big houaiiQ I $t~y in there. 1945. John Shaginoff and I we go up. We stay one month. right next to Susitna Lake." That's where Mrs .. Esai was raised. Johnny and ! sledded house logs there from $SnuuniX. "Haul it a long ways to Tyone houee .. " Susni Bena 'sand island lake' a.aktJ Louise Afhis lak~ is.tha designated source of the Su~itna River. Compare the name for the Suaitna Delta, $Susni Kaq·~, 'sand island mouth'. Qunk'eltl'ast 'wtutre the caribou migrate up' Ahtna si t.e on the upper Susi tna Ri var, near Lake Crt.••ek - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ·- - - ~(·dO$! ki tnu ··~oocl i m $tored river· Tal ;~.;;i~tn& River 11 Talkeetna tot..,nsi te ·rhs-1839 Wrangell map shows a vi 11 age near the prel!ent town of Tal keflhtna ntm~th of the mouth of the £.tre.am f 1 owing from "T .ati kni l tun ben a" <Stephan L4ik~} e ATh~ modarn town of Talk~etn~ was the home of many of the remaining ~~~ers OT th~ Mountain People band. The first publi5hed source on the Mount~in People is Kari 1977. ~My investigation~ with Tanaina originally from the Talkeetna area and with W.ster·n · Ahtnas have shown that thsre was an Ahtnta band with considerable T41!nainll\ membership in the vicinity o.f Talkeetna at the turn of the century .... This band is raferred to by both the Ahtna and the Tanaina as SDgtmlay T~ht'ana%, or the Mountain People. There arena Ahtna members of thim 9raup alive today. but there are about six Upper Inlet Tanaina speakers who ~r~ descended from thin band. The Mountain People are said to be an Ahtna band that had no permanent village who migrated into the Talk8etna River drainage from the Upper Sustina River perhaps 150 years ago.a. The Tanaina descended from this group say that thei~ ancestors used to fish on the Talkeatna River at ChW1ilna Creek, as far up the Talkeetna Rive,. •ts Stephan Lake, and on the Susitna River in the vicinity of Sunshine and Montana creeks, and they hunted caribou in the mountain country along the lower Talkeetna River and on the Chulitna River at least. as far north as Indian Creek. This information repres•nts an extension of the reported Ahtna tarritoryo Alsa the account of the Mountain People band provides concrete evidence of intermarriage and bilingualism between the Ahtna and the Tana.ina" <Kari 1977a27S). Consequently, The Ahtn4D buumJ.mry is drawn further west on the 1992 revised veruion a~ the map of Alaska Native languages <Krauss 1974) • ..... The best source of in-formation on the Mountain People is Sham Petm's epic biography of the woman $Ch'anqat•. $'*1 Ch • anqet • ~had siK sons. I dan 't remember what her husband • s name was. Th0se ware t.he last of the Mountain People. They all died in the 1918 flu. They died in Talkeetna. Their names were $K'uk·enesh7. or $ltagheyu~ Tu 7-(John Stump's father>, $Ch'k'idetnishen %(Chief Nickolai, Katherine Nicolie's f~ther>, $Shik'u, Shinidegga, Nich·useren, Kila Tlaq·a. And STes Gun% was thmir only si star" <Pete 1980> • ..... .,~atherine Nicolie recalls these women of the same gef'u!ration ~m her mother who were fronl the Mountain People and who had lived in Talkeetna: :t>Du'inai-na"'· marr·ied Bill Larson's father b~fore 1910, died in 1926. She was KN's father's niece. :t>Hna'estcd~·"'' died in Kenai and is thE! Standifer's grandmother. :fOu tnai-na'", Elmer Hedberg · s moth«tr, died in 1939. $Nuhnai-chek·aA, Pete Alex's mother, died in 1942. The tatter three were ststers, of the $Nulchina% clan. All of the above memb't!'rs of the Mountain People spoke Ahtna as thlli.!H" first language. .! ill~ g_,.,,~unaJ .rmd McCl~illart hav!lJ noted that: thG Oghelaay Tahwt · cU!na> ar·m treated i1rf:y· thi!! Ai"l:ti1-'A <llS a 1fifi'hl11 clan within the Ravfl!n moiety (1991:654). There .!i.'!;$'~~~ \'!l®V~tr&l vl!:!!r~ions o<f! a Mountain Peopllil origin story which i.nvo!veg; t!he2 mi9rati.an of ;a group o.f T<d tsi ine people frena Cook Inlet to the 7,dkll4'etna Mountains. "Most of the Ttilltsi ine came straight to the Cctpp!ltl"' ~iv~;rr Viilllhty, but momt~t want north, up the Chickaloon &i"'d over the ·r~lk~llttnAA Mount.i&n .. Those are the one!S we call Dghela.ay T."tt.hwt'aan1m" «M~nt~~ta Pate via de Laguna, p. c:.)o Chut:! Y~ t ~ · 4\ ·o~av~r ~treaM ridg~· hill ~~~t of Talkeetna Lakes ~huti VJ.t!il'a% i~ below Talkeetna vUlac;,e about a mile and extend-s off from ~Dghelishla;. <Bald Mountain). ~~ ' ~~~ri~ ~~:; ' ~"" ~1.--~-... ;~r lft t If: f ' ~ ~.-~· r.:: ~ ~ Ch'~nilkaq· ~ ··Haws out moutn · t .auth of Chunilna Creek ~ -;~~~~.is the main bas• camp of $Ch'anqet·~ of the Hountain People IPate i ~ %Th~t $Ch'anqet•% and her sons they made a fish fence at SCh'aniltnui.. ~ JJTney put up dog fi!l!;h for winter with all her six kids." They c:att:h -fish I and they built a big smokehouse. They stayed there in the summer. She had ~ lotm of dogs. And from here the mother would pack up into the mountaima;. Sevef • or eight dogs would pack grub up into the mountains. They waul d ki 1.1 c::aribott. *~ They would bring the meat bac.:k down to $Ch 'aten Kaq' %<Fish Lake ou\'.let>. U .. That c:rwfik they put a fish trap across. That's the was they used i!o c:atc:h ~- fish. They got no nat, nothing them days. That old lady was there. There ~ ~-siK of them in her family. •Ch'anqet'. &, The earliest source with detailed information on the Talkeetna River as ~ Le•rned 1900. When he reached Chunilna Creak with his guide Stephan ~ • in 1899 he noted , "This stream mar ked the bag inning of the old I nd i &11 trail ~: ac::ro~'il tha mountains to the upper waters of the Talkeetna" <p. 656)~ ~ ~:~\ Ch'aniltnu 'flows out -creek' Chunilna Creek In Learned 1900 this creek is called Chinaldna. g·®ygi!iht"u 'willow creek' creek into Chunilna Creek from west %That creek comes out from that $Ch'ak'ul'ishi% (#XX). %"Old lady. Pete Alex's mom, used to talk abo~t it. uncles wif~." CKN> Ch · anil Dzel a ·~lowm out -mountain' mountain east oi upper Chun1lnd.\ Creek Batnagha~nigi Betnu 'that which has a body in it -creek' That's my mother's l f<: '-1. r,, - - - - - - _, "-'"'-";;,.....,,~~ .. "·"'-"41.~:.-,;.;,-._~z~-.,., .. ,.,,.,..::~·~ ..... ~f,:'."-:>o"*"''tt>"'''"~"""'.-.'~~ ,....,,., ........ -.--~=,..., ..... .,. ,._ __ .,.,.~.-.-....... "'~ -· · ---.. L$r·>~;'¢,g.,'f1 L""'k~ out l @t E!;;7ttruu;thad:·n i gi • tt;at ~<;Jti i e:h has a body in it · urs·l'!lrt LdkU '$1 ?t,'•·rat~t1Jlurch~ the mauntainsa there i!!i a big lake. !t's on the map .. " There is dlt 1:~~um~tt~r in it. Billy· s grandmother saw it. Two mi 1 es down on th~ 1 ower 11Znd it. '!l>i::icks its head out. On the uppf.lr end it stic::ktS its h~ad out. "That·s >ffi ~tg •:Jnim~l." l:90 $:&tr•.a9harnigi~ a guy went out hunting. He kill caribou. Then he kill ptarmigan. They was starving. They cook that ptarmigan, might be half raw. 'if, -H~ ~wallow the bone and it kill him. Sa they find his body along uide the big caribou. Hi93 foot sticking out. They find him on end of that lakD! then?. So th.ay call ~m $B.atnaQh&rnigi." '%"Hem and t.hat. old m.an used to cry -for that lake. $'l9atnagha!-nigi %. Sonte ouy starved to death there. l.o~t... They found him. Htt was eatin9 half a fish. ~te!p-·fat:her relation." <KN> D..:-Jhe li sh 1 a •little mountain' e..atd Mountain %On the upriver end <of $Nt.tltanii.> i5 ~:Oghelishla. Dghelishlatnu ·little mountain creek' Sheep River Tati !< 'ni 1-tuntnu The ana they call !n the springtima he got He must have been my ·game tr·i al qoes into water -creek· !!! Prairie Creek ,.C~Dmp mite of the 'Midnooskies' was noted by Learned in 1999 <Learned 1900: 6:59-660) at what I believe to be Prairie Creek, near Daneka or Steph•n Lake. At: this settlement were 3 man, 7 women, and 20 children, hunting caribou. w~si 1 i • s homa, which Learned failed to realch, was 20 mi 1 es above this village> on the Talkeetna. About 1 mile away from the the caribou hunter5' village wa$ .a wint.el'" villag•, but the Indians had Qane to the middle fork of the Su-aitna" (elf!! Laguna n.d.:411 Learned nates that this village was about 50 miles above th~ camp at Chunilna Creek. The location of Wasili's cabin has not y&t been tr datermi ned. r. <e Tatik'ni~tunt Ahtna: Titi'ni~taande 'where game trail goes in th~ water' Stephan Lake village ~···rnat was :iCh'anqet'i.'s village." %This wau $Sghay Tu%'$ village. "He got t:t big cache. They club him there. They kill him. They bury him there." uyou know Frank Secondchief at Cantwell? That's his granpa's brother used to b~ chie+ at $Titi'ni~taande, Ts'ec'uditniisen%. His nick name $ltaghayaa~ Ta'%. In 1909 Henry Peters grandpa and grandma tell story about that chief. HQ had a box full a gold, :520, $5, nobody had that much money. A thousand dollars, maybe over. He pack it around. He can't. leave 1.t home. Somebody would steal em. Th•·t 'ss Stephan Lake." <Jack Tyone) ~Jack Tyone note~ furthur that this man, STs'@c'uditnii5~nA, wa$ the last nat1v r,~ "':';. "~~ , -,{~·.\-':":;._t':-: ·;~.-¢;:¥·~);.:,:,:~~-,,;·~-3.:~·.!:·:~~;';:~: :;~·:. '-c;~_-·1;;~;·-;.•rt:;.r,~ • ~-'' o~: ·• oft<"~N l 58 L t 4~ ~~ ~-~-. j)', '"~sli,~~tlSt"iit c:tf St~tuan Laks.. Whiil!n JT '!:l&W hie!\ lal!$t in 1~15 !"tit' W<ii\5 about:. 6101 y·Gutr·'!l'l ~ old~ H~ i'!\ ~.aid to have been from a lo'ltlt tribl!l! $C'ei-tliU;ii ... , ot'" shB.rp~t.iai.led ~- ~rc.JU'\;W~ H• had one brothi.W'. They would 901 to Knik to trade. H~ i!i 'lliaid tcJ he.~·~ n~,o ~:ilt:~~r" bfilCiiU.t5e h«' had no r&l at. :A. ves. They hc:ld previ oe .. ud y fought aver th~ i t:f:~unt.~·yt but thety were too small a group t.o continu• the fight. "They ju$t, j ll!'.y down their &rms. •• They could catch salmon at Stepha-n Lake. ,, -~ '•Johnny StH!tgir.of.f of Sutton, who•• mother was SDghel aa.y Tahwt · amne%, u~ad Stmphan Lake for trapping through the 1930s. He would travel from Chicka-loon through the pas5 to the upper Talkeetna River .;rend north to St:{Jtpn.an :..ake ~ Tat.ik 'nii-t~om Ben& ·game tr·ai l goes into water -1 ake · Steph.stn loake ..... Not~ that StephAn lake is t~hown as "Tatikniltubena" on the 1839 map by Wrl'!!l.nge.i.l. Thit~ is a Oena'ina pronounicaticn. AQn thm 19~4 ~ap bf Mo~~itt a trail is marked from Stephan Lake north tc1 the Sua\i t.n& River. This is 1 abell ed "Portage <good)". K'~ntl'u Bena 'ch(IGtk lAke' location uncertain, perhaps general lake area in Prairie Creek area or perhaps Oaneka Lake AShem Pete <1980> describes how SCh'anqat•A and the Mountain People used to hunt caribou here. % .. She used to be champion runner in Alaska. That woman. She run em down thG~ c'-lribou .. She run em into the lake. The six boys they kill em with spear." K'dalkitnu Tl'u 'food is stored -headwaters' upper Talkeetna River ACertainly much detail of the ethnOQeography a~ the Talkeetna River and M~~ntai ns has been lost. Lear·ned noted the trai 1 system in the area "'Jas well used in 18199. On Talkeetna River travel he not.es, "They said that in winter time they tr•veled up and down the river ••• From the Indian village to Wamitt•s cabin the Indians sometimes use c•noes in going up the river, but Qan0rally they make a portage because o~ swift current•• <Learned 1900:662>. AThe pass called $D~et Ggeyi X<or $Dzer GgeziY. in Ahtna> leads from the upper Chickaloon River to the upper Talkeetna RiverA Mathys <1'900) .f'ollowed the visible old trail this way in 1898. Johnny Shaginoff travelled this way wh~n he went from Chickaloon to Stephan Lake to trap. K'dalkit.nu i::i'a 'faod i$ stored -river -glacier· Talkeetna Glacier K'dalkitnu Dghelaya ·~ood is stored-river-mc1untain' Sovereign Mountain ~ i ~ ~- t t I- I· I· i i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - y~ Su~ilrn•'!l Rivew·" DEVIL CANYON TO TVONE RIVER n~,,~ upper Su.gi tn~ and upper Nena.no~. river names are in th(e Ahtna l araguage .. Ahtna pl acf!l n•mes that have beten added to thi u list si ru:e1 Kar i 1983 clu-e rn~~k~d with *• While there is imp~rtant information annotating the up~Qr Susitna •nd upper N•nana Ahtna territory 1 most of thi9 r~maitlti on 4.llntr&n5cribed tapas. If pl•c:es arm m2nti oned on tap~, refa"trenc:e i !l made to tht>'i i.'\htn.:& tape i nde>e numbur <AT)~ ~~t~ that some data an the south side of the middle Susitna has b~en supplie< ~Y Johnny Shagincff of Sutton. His mother was of the Mountain Ptiople &nd he trapped at Stephan L&ke in the l~30s. He has not travelled much on the Susitna however. Jake Tansy of Cantwell is the foremost ~xpert an t.n& middle and upp...-Susi tna au wall as the upp.er Ner~ana River. He know'll> the streams coming into the middle Susitna from the north, as ·far down as ·rsu~an..,. Creek, but net below thertr. Most of the annotationa. for thCl! upp~r· Su~itn& and upper Nenana are from Jake Tansy. The Tyone River, Tyone Lake drainagem have been described by Jim Tyone of Gulkana and Jack Tyone of Anchorage. T~ey have also described the Oshetna area. The untranscribed tapes on thesa are•• are also an important source of data. Sa!Yutnil' ·sand river•., Sumitna River Also called Ts'itu' 'major river' just as the Copper River is called Ts 'itu · .. N~i.taghiJr',aaden 'where the water fa:l~' Devil Canyon Devil Canyon forms a clear bQundary between the Athna and Oena'ina language are••· This canyon •••ms to have been avoided by both th@ Ahtna and the Dena•tna. Nate that the mountain Ch'ak'ul'ishi is the upper limit af Shem Pate's knowledge of the Susitna anu that probably no Ahtnas have used areas near the canyon in this century. On the? 1904 Moffit nt.ap thi• is marked as "rapids, canon, falls". Scedae· Na' · ? ck' Fog Creek ? This ncune was raporte~~d only by Johnrty Shagl.noff. Perhaps more information about this area could be obtained. Sct~dae' Bene' ? lake Fog Lakes ? Nt~'ezi Na' '? c:k' Tsusena Ck: --1 Ntf!.l'wzi ? Tswlntna Butte :)1' •:•,.;_f>'VIi'_•;(··, <O',~ r~\;l~f,i~4fJ~lTh~~l(~j;'ff~ifli.~~i!~~~pij~;&~~~~t:lii1'~>-~~~~.,;:u~""'J~ik~MI!l>~'<iC{<!~";',t.;;'>~<";'ii:.xi'ii!ilm;.~,,JliiN.t~~;,.,.ii;;rifJc.~:',"i<!t;:,,, ~~~ ' I. [~ ' 60 ~- ll' ~2 l ~~t.•'Z t.hoi!lot t.hi t5 il'h"llme is not trant~l ata.bl e in At,tn_, but. that it recurs r. n ~ - ~ s~~v·M·&~~l. pl\!l;.C:f!S in the ~storn Ahtna place namel'HS corpus. In Inl~nd Den~· in~ ~ €"it ,,~ 'flt;!l: li i 'fflt tuw~rb~rry . Jl I ~~~1itf.l '~'~i ~enel' ~ - 1 • '? l f,iMe • ~; 1 T~u'lllerHl Butte l.&k~ ~· li · A l~n<~:athy wtary about this lake by JSJke Tansy h» on AT40-' - ~ K.~t€: ll<ii~h Na • I 'l<~u'"ge-are~ ck · D»1it>(tff:ftn Creel< -*tm~· Ts'et•axi Na' • -'?-ek' ~~ into DGadman Ck W oi Deadman lake L~Hwdaandi KacaaQh Bena • I "dawnriv•r -large area -lake' O~~dman Lake t ·K&ca&gh ~ '1 arQet areft • D~&dman Mt *Ban Tiio'avk'e Na' ' ·narro•4 lake -ck · ck into D•admaA Ck NE of Deadman Lake •~Pass Lake" NE of Oe.edman Lake I *Bsln Ts'aak'e ·narrow lake' I Jake Tansy note• that there is AT24. an elaborate trail system through this ar~~, Debetae· Na' Watana River ~ ·~naep head river· ~ ~ Batidi taani Delusion Creek 1 ·on• that trail goes to' ~Cut:akolyaa• N•' outlet to BiQ Lake 'where things <meat> are brought dawn-ck' The name refer• to the transport of caribou meat. ~ implie5 transport downstream toward the Susitna. f iHiwni indi Kacaagh Bene· · upri var ..... 1 arge area -1 ake' Big L.akv Incorrectly called Cmtakolyaes Bene' in Kari 1993. ' tN4c:il.'z'aani ' 'htUU"'t • mt 4120 E of Watan& River In thi9 casm, the name r; ~~ ~ -~ I . . . . , .. -I ~ ~~ I ~- f ,- 1-I I I-t h - - - - - - - - 61 'f~~~i~<ill"Yi:. N~' ~~ fro~ E into Wat&na R v~tmr drop$ -~k' T&~ tf'i>'thnohydrolo9y of thi'll iitream should be r~searc.:h~d, <!19> \15ug<g~".sted by Um - pt.at:o name .. ~·~:m~· ~t 5~08 'Watana· "!llh0mp !-'!~ad • H:mrttr·y P~terll notes that the name watana is derived from thi !5 namE! and tha~: it u~~d to be ~aid Watsana by non-natives, which ts so~~what clomer to t~ sour·c:e .. ~ Vi zdl aayi hi U 2608 on N bank uf Susi tna gpenini~ulas that are in position' Travml in this araa by Jake Tansy is summarized in AT24. Ts·anit'ahi Na' ck into Susitna from N -·on~ that is bad -ck' - T~·&ntt'ehi ~ 3046 N of Susitna ·one that is bad' ~s • ituaay Na • ~tQna Lak~ outlet "'~irhdn·d ck • IC'ts • 1 baay Bane • Hatana L.ake "trehirlwind lake' ~s'ib.aay iMt Wato~.,a •f~~Shirlwind' -eets'i Na' •spearing ck' Kc:HSina Craak -Cets · i Sletna • •tittle spearing ck' Silbert Creek Cets · i Sla Bene· "little spearing lake' Clarence Lake NUu Zdlaade •wnare island~ are in position' i$l~nds in Susitna, location uncertain DiSCU$Sed in AT40 by Jake Tansy. ~·elcuut N~lyaa 'food is stored-ridge extends' ridge 430q W of Jay Ck "1 1Nif¥-~'~:J~:;lf~ttt~~~l'>~~-4~~~~-'S~~~~~~~':il~J~~~"ll""'im'""''*'~~"';iili"r~~'~ir£·J>~.t,,~,,;·:,j)j);!;l~~l,l•<;;~;\;f•~~~~ a ' 62 ~-~~ {'!.~a~;· .?,'~l,t::uut N~' · ·fo~ is t§tormd oiiUt)<ai n -c:k • ;;~"tf Crttl1l!!li: -f~k. ii:i~~uu~ l<uG. ~•n Na ' • t;t$l ~ry eM i. fit!& SCIOI!litt Creek Thm En~UtJh AT33., name ba•ed upon the Ahtna name. t< '€11Y ' C 'l'fld'-" • Nee ' ·willow lifi!ahing $usu::h Cr~k Ttlli'}"t!!m~'it. 'h~ad ridV:I!I' mt. 5603 'Gioome' c:l< • K'aa'at Na' ~ · c:li ff ri v•r' or 'qui var river· " O'She'tna. River Oiscu~sed by Jack Tyone in Jac:k Tyon~ utate9 th•t this i• a Dana'ina plac:e namea Th$ 09hGtna River country is said, by Jim and Jack Tyone, to have been Dastn~ey <Dena·ina) territory prior to white contact. "Th«~ anciamt. trail over Chick4loon Pas<a ta the 0Bhetna River, and on to 6 lakQ en the Susitna <Tyone Lake or Lake Louise) is noted an the 1939 Wrangell map. "The Keruf&i U., e. Dena • ina) 1i vi ng to the north, along the Knyk and the ~ Sushitna, on the other h~nd, undertake a much longer Journey. They ~ ~o northeastwa~d• from the northern angle of the straits and travel . . · 7 days• fast march, or 10 days at the usual speed, throuoh the mounta1n c:a.nyons as far a• a very high ridge; the womert ilrtd children and the r~ poorar· hunters stay at ita foot while the rest travel 7 days farther to l mmall lake Chtuben which lies on a plateau not far from the sourca of the Sushi t., ... <Wranoell 183911 5EU. ihis trail is also marked on the 1904 map drawn for Moffit by a local Ahtn& or Dena'ina. Te.rclzaan Na' • ~ • murky water c:k • f Black Hi ver ~ T .d·dz aan Bene· ~ ·murky-water lake' Black Lake I~ Nts 'ez i ? ~' Twin Hills i Note that this is the same name as Tsusene Butte. Nts'ez::i. Sene' "? 1 akftf • Crater Lake Jack Tyone describeils caribou hunting in this are& on AT33e the 5 1,. ' I'! ~ t'-~ ,. ~1. ' ~;-~ ~ ~ ' I!~ . .I ~-~ r.t ... 1 . 1- ! ' 1- I l ! ,_ I I l-! ! i ' ... ... - - - - - - - -I ~< '.&4\l';:fi. 1:H ~t.na • 'iittlm cliff river· or 'little quiver river· L.i ~ t.Jl.!Jl! 0'1Shet.n.a Ri v•r !Ei.&l.rt.:r'1!:t1.H<m"li Na' 'gne th&t current flow• around-ck· ck inta Bumitna at bend ~an~:un <r1'l! ·on~ ~hat current flows around' ~~t 45fit:S ·o.he~tn.a • ~.} Tharlill W<D\\1 very little travel on the Susitna below aanazdlC!IIni in t~&ditional boat~~ This area is d•scribed by Jack Tyon• in AT33 £rnd by Jake Tansy in AT40. H: [-~4'N~-~·df.J.:;~lc1~.;~1V{f!):!~<,..1"4:~1S--.¥$rL~~;}~~~-a::.i::;:~~~~i-1.~'";_'1:tJ:';',';"~~'!Gi:~il!"!'.i'M.~~-=-·~."f.~[".J ... ~ ..... ,.,.. ... ._.,._.,.,"'"_"" ......,. ~-"-'·"''""''~ .,.. . ...._.., .,_, '"~-~--··-~ .. , . ., . ., -~~<--~~~ . ~~--·----~· .. ~-. . ~ .... , ... ~ .• ., .. _.,, .. , '" _ ~ ··-~ ... 61~ "fyll:m\~ ~i!. \W.i>"'w Tv·onim Lak@ Ortili rultge Hw"t.'il!.:r~ay N0nc· 't~tl<•d l timber eountr')f • rfl.r~j.\tt'lli!"Hll dettiignatian far the upper Su9itnm. RivtJr, th\9 uppi!!r GuH:t;ana l'l:ivl!llr (Wtrt'l5t Fork t~ perh-&lp'lf Paxon Lake on the east) and the upper· N~nana FH 'fi!W' ~ Yh:i. '1)1 tt'!rm is al "-t1 used to designata the Hwts4iuay Hwt · aene, thlf:) t.-iestewu AhtJ,a bt£nd .. The area is desc:ribfDd by the We•t•rn Ahtna as lacking in birch a11d !oi1llri'J® spruce, a5 lacking t~almon 1 and as having v.;uat 'Stretches of t~.1ndra with flbund.'lnt c:a.;·ibou. Through th¢1f prato-hlhJtaric and historic: periods this band has prot::ably moved we$t"&rd into the Talkeetna Mountains and northwestward into tMa ~n~na River drainage~ as is mugg•sted in Kari 1977. Clearly the Tyone River ~ystem t• the focal area prior to this later eKpansion. The Ahtna rec:OQnize that the Central Talkeetna Mtn.&nt.ains~ including the Oshetna drainage, used to be Dena·ina country and that they have al~o been incurmiva into the upper Nenana River. Based upon an a.naly<s:i.lill o-f t.hl£! Athabaak~n origin place name• in the 1839 accounts and map by Wrangull ~bout tho Dena'in.ea, the Antna, .-nd the G.altsan <the Tanana and Nenana Rivur AthC\baskans) it as:n:let\rs that the upper Nenana River wa11, as of 1830, mainly Tanana t~rritorya In summarizing the geography o? the Ahtna bands, Reckord notes, "Cu· knowledge of ninetenth-century ~ett,.ements indicates that a major variation existed in the western Ahtna subregion. In sever•i cases main ~i~hing sites, p~rmanent winter villages, and hunting camps wa~e all located in close proximity ~long lakeshore•" <1983: 76>. Irvim;: notes, "Vanatige• of an elabot-ate system of trails may stU l be seen, and evcm now foot travel for distances of forty or fifty mile'S is routiru•" <1~57t 39-40>. The trails •nd territory O'f the area is no,. wel! dccum•nt~td Cl<ari 19S::Sl. The W~tern Ahtna dialect is not as distinct from the Cantr&l and L~wer Ahtna ~ialects as is the Upper dialect of the Mentasta area <Buck 6td Kari 1~73>. Reckard nates, ''The Western Ahtna, the Hwtsaasy hwt'aene or "little t~ree pmop la,.. inhabited an area not domi neted by the Copper River.. Our i r 19 the 19th century, their location near the upp•r Susitna and Matanuska rivers encouraged trading at Russian posts on Cook Inlet. As a refiult. a fl•w western d~n•~· became middlemen in the trading network" <1983: 30) Most of the Ruseian ~rade items and loan words noted in Buck and Ka~i 1975 and Kari 1977 can be traced as entering Copper River via Upper Inlet Dena"ina or W~stern Ahtna travelling the Matanuska trail. !Nilben Na' ·water surges -river· Tyone River The ethnohydrology of this river should be researched, a~ ~ugge~ted hy this plac~ name. Wttst notee, "M trail ran from Susitna Lake down the Tyone River, to thfi he&dwaters of the Chickaloon River, and over Chickaloon Pass to tho -~, ~~ J',j ~' i ;,:It- t~~ ~Jl· ;]I'· i!f) I I~!- · .. - - - I-~ ~-1 , .. I-I .. ~ ! ;; fi- 1 ~ - - - - - - ·"'''; ''''"""1 ''1!''C'~.:""'!i!'i:"'~'~~l'l!'l! - - ~-~,"¥'~~'X1i-ttt::;~~.;.~~~1.;J;:;:*-Jt:~,;i;:;1J:~:t<1ttt~·,~~·:t!~~<ft..II·~~~.-:~·;,..:.~.;;~8:.>gJ;,:9!"~¥r.m~UiC:j:;~~'!JI,..•~>t-~'>+'~·:;¥'~""~""......,,.._~~···-'"' -· (}5 Met~nuti\~~ Riv~r •md Knik ... 0.973 9 p. 38 and ~H:sh ort tnoE~~;. Thim wa£ ~'""~~c.rta'ld fc:P{ Jitntny Satcondchief, Ni it b\N'\ C&lWk ' e '~.,~,t~::ir-~a..\rge~ mouth • ~ ll, 't<i!3 'Bt mouth cf Tyonet River ,.~~ 'Qlt~ &t the confluance of the Tyone and Susitna Rivers is reportl£!}d to be :0na1 of. the largest inland Athapascan villages prior to 150G A.D.•• O·U. ckock, 1968:: 260} • ''ln 1.'i>0-9 I s&e that place, Jimmy Secondch.imf 's daddy and 0! y Nic:kolai ·s dii.ddy, two fataili~es thel"'e ... <Jack Tyone) Oe~~rib~d tn detail by Jake Tansy, AT40. The '-9¥)4 Hoff f. t map has .a hou.se marked on the Susi tna betwe~Pn thlll' Tyon01 and Ht:L4'1tr~n rivers as "2nd c:hiefs house". "The !nd i a,-,~ who hunt. on the Jaek River and Vanert Fork also hi!VG!' thai r· cabins on Vald&O'! Creek. Formerly they lived in the vicinity of Tyon River and the big bend of the Susi tna" ( Mof fi t i 915: 21> • "fhi~ eH:.e is described in Reckard, 1983: 179. K '~ey T -ra&ur.y N111 • 'dwarf birch ck' 'f,;tream into 1·yone River K'ey Tsa.aygna 'by the dwarf birch' gap on Wend of Tay•dighi'aa -1 Thi!fl is the site o·f a moose fence. Described by Jack Tyone, A'f:33. This i!::. said to be Tom Neelmy·s grandfather's location. An important reference to this site is Peters 1Q77. "The Tyane Lake chief brought guns to them, and foM !Skins too. Tha c:hief of the peoplei, who stayed at K'ey Tsaay, at th• mouth of the Tyone River, wag re~lly rich, and h® brought things for them. He was my mother"s grandff!il.ther" Cp4 17>. "Finally they returned downriver to their home at l<'e·t T:.~a.ay. Then thety thought, 'They will invade us.· They built a <atone) house up on top of the mountain. They cut a oun hale through the wall~ They stayed there.. How long did this last?•• (p. 19>. Tay'dighi'aa Na' 'long object that is in the water-ck· gtream into Tyone River Tay'dighi'aa Bene' 'long obJect that is in the water -lake' lakeS of Tay'dighi·aa Tay'di9ni'a.& 'long object that is in the water' lllt 'l.aren · This area is deacrib~d by Jim Tyone AT29 and 33. T'ileQt!!l i Na. 'trout cJ~ • Tyone Creek In d&$Cr"ibing the route of the Monahan par·ty in 1903 prn::1r to theur !!trike at Valdez Creek, f'loffit notes, "Their -first base camp wen> nt!f~r r;·te 'stick houses' at th• mouth of Tyone Cre@k" <1912:54). ·"' ··x·· ·'= ~ :.: T~·r::i _: .. :; · .)~~·"': .. ,:··.~~! ·:k~:..,"';-: ~::;.~0-;~·~·-·:-~~ · _ ''."5?:: ~--'~·:<:_,:: ~ ·:· >.·~ .,_.,, ... , ~ " .... ., .... F 14·"' ·" •· •·•~'"' • '· •;•·,,~ ... •. ·•. l. ""-l' ~~'~ lt l ~ ~ ;lt>·f'fil.i'~dz.m®y Oglhi lt\\tl:'IY~ • Ne' ~ ' § !!d .rand maunt..mi n c:rEtek • .~~ into Tyone Creek from mt )105 · T ii>S''h.~ ~ eMu•y D9h .t laeye • 'i 2.11 aJf'lld mt · ~ 7' ~<rt 3105 S af Tyone ~i ver T~gh.mtg!l:j~ Na' 'b€!i11tw.~en th~ "'atti'W' ~ c:k • ck into Tyone Ck from E ~ ' "f<~~~~.gh""t.goa Bene· ·b~tw~~n tha water -lake' lak• ~n Tagh&tgga Na' . ~ • Umai i Na • I •tn~ one ahead -ck' ~ creek from 'Usdi i in Tyone Craek 'U'!K!U. , 'Utu::U. t:dll 'th'l! one !llhaad' Lontil Butte 66 The trail to the Oshatna area pasued north of her~, AT33. Jim and Jack Tyane note that this is a Oena'ina name and that this ridge formerly w~~ a bound&ry between Athna and Dena'ina. Snuu Caek'e 'bru'l!J\hy mouth' site at mouth of Sanona Ck Described by Jack Tycne on AT33. Thi$ is *121 on West's map8 ~ Snuu Na' 'brushy e:k' Sanona Creel< Una• Kca~c::aaxi N•' 'its c:k is laro•-ck' ~ Yackc Creek . . *Nkaaf:o Caek'e ·~almonberry mouth' ~ outlet Dtroam of Nkaat Bene' Jj ~ Nkaa!-Bane· 'salmonberry l~ke· . lake E of Tyone Riv~r Sattioi li . .., . ~ hi i 1 3537' "Tyone" This ig the major spiritual location for the Tsaay Hwt'aene and an important !Jitm .and game lookout. Note that the Tyone village c::hieftaina:'1ip, now held by Jim Tyone, is referred to a Sai-tigi Ghaxen, 'parson of Sartigi '. This ie the westernmost af the inherited Athna chieftainships. i:i ~-1 ., ·~· t~ ~- 1 ', ·-~ I ~ E j .. ~ I 1- l i I• - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6"1 irl"li ~ i ~ Irving· s ~i te 9 about which he comments" uNear-by on t.h~ii' ly•A"H!!r Ri vF"'s· &'.ii'"~ 9&lt lickti e.nd ia .-:aribou c:ra!Ssing. That locdity \i~m~~ to 1::~1!!? ·il t:c~f'll::tiint1""&t.ian point. for· game of all sorts. The hi 11 top ~ffonJ!i an rJ-:M~0l !imt outlook over the nearly f la.t surrounding country... MoiSt o·f the m.J~rte>ri .r.al WO!k'l'!l .found on the southern side of the kncb., .-thi ch sugge2lt.<a usuJ~ ~? thB> 'l:iitfll during the wintcar mont.hi& when this section would bl:t' favor8ld by t!h~tt low mun" \1957~ 43>. ~tw' Be~n{!il' • fi'J.ath~l''to 1 ake • Hr~t lake on Tyoneo River below outlet HwtSt.iUOhtill Sl!ltn ce·m ·1o~r big 1 ak~ • Tyone Lct.k!il '0 Tlut settlerMmt wlls at the oultst.. The c:hief was old Tyone, for whom the lake i§ named; he was the son of the chief of Tazlina Lake village, ~o ~l~o Uvea at Tyone Lake.... There was a cllribou fence at Tyon'E' Lakm" <dillS LaQuna n. d .. ) Add!ti~nal detail in this area on Irving·~ sites 4, 3, and 7 is p~esently lacking. We~t mar·k!l these as Nos. 115 and 116. ~ K'atQQI!.' ·o~twaen the lakes' TyanQ Village •eChief~ house" is noted her@ on the 19EI4 Moffit map. Mentioned in de Laguni:.> n.dv p. 38 7 West 1973, as No. 118 and Reckard 1983: 161w Th~ tl!arly 20·th centur: village as wall as Irving's 9ites 6A 1 68, and 6C are located in this area. "This was a foc:al point of the new widely diapersed group•• C Irving 1957s 40) Q Thi~ village and the general territory is described by Jim Tyone in AT33 .and AT36 and AT 39~ Of interest are the varied fishing resources, e.g. the u~e of meveral locations in the upper reaches of the Gulkana River for uall11cn, plus fall and wintmr whitefish location!~. Trails throughout thi5 region are described by Jim Tyone on tape and on hand-drawn map~. •• tn a pocket notebook~ L. S. Wickersham noted <c: ire: a, :1916-1917> fish tr~llps on the West Fork (of the Gulkana) between Keg Creek and the next downstream tributa~y from the w~st" CDessauer and Harvey 1990; 27). Hac: • i 1 temden 'where animal trail crosses' 2 miles S of Tyone Village Jack Tyone describes this gaMe trail and hunting area? AT33. Ben Ca'ee 'big lake' St..ufii tna Lake T!sa • Kaen • Oeyi i 'bk~ver lodge canyon· ~tream into N end of Susitna Lake Described by Jack Tyone as a beaver and muskrat hunting area, AT33. Tua· Kaen· 'beaver lodge' lake N of Susitna Lake .! tl ..... -., .. ,•· ,,~ ...... -••. "'; .,. • ,.~'f~!" ''·~ ~ ~ ·' ~o· ' ~·):'I;"" ~"'];!, J;j.ai$~!J~:t 7 6f1 ~ 1 ,f:~~~-g~ i ml i'JU"'td on Sugi tna L.akm ~ N!i,rl:: t.Suugh i Dame • 'by~-the-w&tf.ttr lake· E ~tcl~ of Susitn• Lake Hfn;j! llS~ Nil a~tni ·on~ th~t ha~ a clearing' p•:::~i nt N oi C • ~dz i i Hwt • aeni C'~dzii Hwt·a~ni 'ene that has ho&rin9'7 ~cint NE of Xansdii iCfl1'fU\~di i 'th$ n~xt one ahead' mt ~350 W of Susitna Lake This is noted on the 1904 Moffit map as "KuntJdt~te country•• with a circle circum~cribing this general area. Thi9 is dascribed as a major hunting area for the Tyane Lake band~ ~ Ben Dttdd:~~:t idi ~ ill II 'lake that-is-round' Bttll Lake N•kay'dghinic'et'den 'where a line stretches across' i"'thmut~ between Lakt~t L.ouise and Susitna L The sites 3A, 38 9 and 3C in Irving 1957: 41 are located here. This area is described by Jim Tycme in AT33 and AT36. Thi m site is also noted i ,, de Laguna n.d. p. 39. Sasnuu Bene' ·s~nd-island lake' Lake L.ouisa This ifi termed the head of the Susitna River, i.eo the name Sasutn~· i~ based upon this place name. The important lake Chtuben or Chluben is very likely one o-f the Tyone Riv~r drainage lakes. However, no correspondinQ Ahtna or Oena'ina place name ha• been fo~nd, da~pite several inquiries by de LaQuna and Kari on this point. Wrangell, whc gathered his information between 1831 ~nd !936, describes this area as a major caribou hunting lake for both the Ahtna and the Oena'ina and a trading center for the Dena'ina, Ahtna, and tha. Gal t!lan c)f tha Nenana River. "The <Dena'ina) women and children and the poorer hunters stay at its foot. while the rest travel 7 days farther to th~e small lake Chtuben which lies on a plateau not far from the source of the Sushitna. Here there are lar9e herd of reindeQr which also come to ~pend the winter in this locality. The hunters drive them in b~nds out of th~ woods into the lake, where they stab them from their canoe~. The Ahtna$ come here too, from Lake Mantylbana 14 day~· Journey away, as do the Galts4ns from the Copper River, 10 day~· di~tance by the fastest march ovar the mounta1ns. The Kenai travel for 6 days farther to a gmall lake, in order to meet and trade with the western Galtsans. All the~e tribe5 depend on one another in trading their products 9 t ~ ~:! r·~ •' ~~If r·r f ~: ~ ~-~ ~ f f !'-~ ' ' r- i ~ I- I t - - - - - - - - - - ... - .,~0\o~ ·. •e~ -.. ;,:·" · :-·' ·-~s·. -. .a-~!'-\il. '-f~·F:"t:. ~· <• ·.-... ~.y•.y·•r·~-r:~ · :-.,, ·/'" ,·"'•''- ~- - - - h9 •<ind di;~:t~::oA.my ~xpert knowlc,dge in their choice and r.:n.arc:ha<i5es" <p. :SE:L ~ 'Y"i''H!l r~htn<J~'£\ ll<t~ra c:on-.tnq ht~We frc;m Bendi lbet'\e · , Ta~ 1 in& Ltllkeft This !:>tat~l'lll'!~nt i::';tp;li~S~ th&t the Aht.na were nat then residents at the lakes .at. the head a-f u~(lj 8W'Ai t.n~.. The Gal tsans from the Copper Rt ver ar·e probably the Upper~ Ahtn<'ll. (who ~re so labeilled on the map at the terminus of the tr·•At 1 !w.'i1d1.nQ towar·d Mentasta Pasm). The smal 1 lake where tha Dena· ina meat the "w~1iiit$n1 Galts.£lr-" iw. identified below as Hwniidi Ben, Butte Laket~ 0~ L2lgun~ notfts for this general Cllreai "One Chistochina man said that the !an h4d b~tl'n Tsiswu but now belong to th@ Taltsiins because they marrir:d so m~ny T5imyu, a statement that I believe reflects movefflent into thi~ country from Cook Inlet, th~ home of the Taltsiine" Cn.d. p. 39J s~~nuu 'sand isl4nd' i~lend ~t head of Lake Louise ThiG §~~~to be West's Sus-nol 9 No. 111. Skosi' Na' 'w@-g~ther-birch-sap ck' outlet af Little Lake Louise Skosi'den 't-iher~ we gather birch sap· sit~~ an outlet of Little Lake Louise Jim Tyone deecribes this as a village site. T@~ K'atgge Bene· 'between the hi 11 s 1 ake · Little Lake Louise West speculates that Irving's site 2 is on Little Lake Louise. Noted in West as No. 112. Note that Thera is no recorded name for Grayling Lake mentioned by Irving. Hare research on this area is necessary. T0s K'atgge Na' • bt!!twe~n t.he hi 11 s ck · ck from W into Little Lake Louise From hM"e a tr~il went ~outh to Old Man Lake and to Tazlina Lake or to the head of the Matanuska ·U ver. AT36. "·' -{····.'!<:-•• ~,., ~~~',~"~ '"1-r"-,;'"fo'' .':'t'f.tl::.t.-!. ,:.:·~ 70 ~~~P·,.It?' 9u!Joi tn.a fli v~r, abc1v~ Tyan~ River" x,oi':' ·r®ili i\!1.1 • "s:;1 ~d t.rAi l ck • ·~·~': into Su5i t.na S o-f McLaren R Hat~ Ttnl''li 'sled trail' ridQ~ S of Tay~dlghi'aa C"Udz~· Na' .., .,.,.,..,..(-. Ne.::Lara!n fU ver This rivtllr hi written as "karc:h4na" on the 1904 Mof-fit map.. Thet McLaren dr~:ln4ge .and trails -are described by Jim Tyone on I\T33, 34, and 36 .. de L.-gune stattts that the trai 1 toward PaKon went along McLaren River· (ri"d. 34) .. ;n the aftermath of the fight a Nay'naderi, a ralation of the Nen~na Riv~r paaple is mentioned as staying a little ways down from th• Hd.ar~n River <Peters, 1977: 10). This is interesting as it documents i;~termarriage between Ahtna and Tanan& Athabaskana. Sas Cm'e "big brown bear' mt ?, location uncertain Sruav. t · &an 1 N,g • "? c:k into McLaren R from N Sna~t·aani 7 mt 'Round: N cf McLaren R Bakaey Tl'aagha Na' 'by the bottom of th~ canoe ck' ck into McLaren from S Bakaey Tl'aagha 'by the bottom of the canoe' ~r~;t 'Horn • Natazghot• Bene' 'bent water lake' lake E o~ McLaren Hwt~uugh Naknelyaayi 'lower ridge that extends across· mt 4716 S of Denali Highway .Henggu Naknelyaayi 'upper ridge that extends across' mt, location uncertain .Na"sdiltsaan Na" 'we $ae again -river' 1 ~- ~ i .-i i f. i~ t ' r ! ~ i i, l- 1 f ' i I- I-I I .. i ! I .. I I I I- I I 1- ; ·- ,_ - - - - - - r-;:o,[f,~, .... ,, "''·"""",""" "'""'"""'"'"'"'""''"'c'"'"''"'"""""•"'-"·"'~ ........ ""'=-·--~-----··~-·-·' . tr.i~~t F'Qf''!o: of M~L~r·erl Ri var "fh® tr~~-J. herQ l~ north to th~ head of 'C.hl!P Susi tna. C'-~S:>ti'i W<lli' ·~ru~9h~?ootstr&p ck' a~ul. tJ:er· Creek c. <;j;Jiii~:i •\lllnows.h!:le footstrap' Amphitheater Mountains C 'aai-i a~rHl! • ·~ncwshoo-footstrap lake' Sevf!'nm:tle Lakta c. Hd:U!' 1-UU. ? '<tcLar fii'n G l ac i er C'iidr.e· Dghilaaya' ? mt at h!l'fad oi McLaren FU ver ~ Ghe.ay Na' po~§ibly 'end ridge-ck' Coal Creek Sell Gha.ey Bene' ••nd ridg~ -lake' Coal Cret~.Jk Lake Se,_ Gha.ay ·end ridge' ridge at head of Coal Ck Sm..tu Na • 'brushy ck ·• Clm.arwater Ck Name refer5 to lower Clearwater Ck Nuuni Ce' 'porcupine tail' hill 3432 E of Clearwater Ck Hwnitae~ Na' ·wid&-p!.ac:e ck' Little Clearwater Ck Hwdedaes Na" ? O!aar Creel< Hwdedaes Bene · ? 1 ong 1 ake on Osar C~' Hwn·~ tae+ 71 ~!· ,,·,..;·~~~,.·,' ~1''-:.:· .. 'l_'l·;''''":· 'Nidw pl&c•' ridQ~ Gt h~•d af Littl• Cle~r•at~r K~!Jhii&,,[ii Ci i. • pol nt on thst end • ~~~~:: S790 W of Cl e<'!:lrwater Cl< ~ .. ~r~~ · T!;!,aa!B C • i 1 ·~rl!n Na • 'it!'i ck n.as Indian potatoeu-c.:},· Pa~» Ckq upper Clearw&ter Ck Thi ~} n"""'~~ r"e-fer to the important vagetable, du~iJ in wpring and fall in river bottom•. Th~ trail cr~o~si f19 tha Mc:Laren River 1 ed up , N·ut.ee Na::r:dleni Na • 't:h~ on\\\i that -flaws upland -c:k' ~lou9h on Su•itna S of Butte Ck K'ay' La~ghm Na' 'end of the willows -ck' ck into slough from W K 'ay ' U;~.aghe 'end of the willows' mt at h~.e.d o-f K • ay • L.a.aghe Na • liz Qan Oi 1 aen i ~ • tn(!;t one that is murky· r lake on island in Susitna r r C ' a 1 t s ' ii !Ill Na ' . ? Ra-ft Creek ~~ Nay· tsen · !&taen Tese · ~r: ·meat is in position -hi 11 • · hills at mouth of Raft Ck . r.Jac:H. en ii '$ Elene • : 'Howi! irregularly -lake' lake W of Raft Ck )Nadidliis Tayane· 'flows irregularly-straight stretch' plain near Raft Ck il ~ Nad i d 1i i s Na • 'floN5 irregularly-ck' stream into Raft Ck from W N~did!iis Dghilaaye' ,; ·flows i rregul arl y ·-mt · ~ mt 5927 f T ir. ' ao i t ' eh i Na ' 'the one that iG bad -ck' Nowater Creek ' 1 ~ 1'') ·- {t0 ii; ~!i 1111 ~1; N, t.- ~!' ~ ~ ~·~·~ ~; hedy\'larum alpinum, which wa.s ll• !c' Pa!n> Creek to upper Val d>az Cnlllek. f ~~ f; - ~· ~:-~·-[: ~- 1 t- ~ ~ 1-, ~ ~ ~:1 ~ ( j- ~ ... - - - - - - ~~~~~~t~;~,~~>11t:,9;!·?:'}!~·'t:·~·~:::;:~~,\' .. :.;?k;;~ ... :::.::l~~;:.¥~i";-:.~,·AJ'·. ~ f~~"-'"· "··~~~~-,.· ~, ·' ~·ri'-:;o;,.-.~1~·.!~ ._,,. ~-;i'~,·-.: ,;--.·v~.""-;¥~.:;,•:-::'·~:;~~~~"· -·~ ::,~ ··"!·]·~ '}·_ .• :~~ J·-,~, '\· ··.-•. .: -·'··¢.;>~~ ,_ •. -.,, -, ~·: . ., · · ·.,. ......... ,." · -::i ~~' I - - - - l$.~' ·ilif'>i t. ·~hi 'th~ <nri\!1!' that i ~ b~f"l • ;Ht up Now~t.l'!r Ck 't<2i.libt<.~y To.' t-4& • 'trout w~ter iak•' L<r:~k~ Crerek -r~.ab.-z~y 'fu • Bflne • · tl .. ~lut. water 1 ake • lake at Susitna Lodge Ci. i ~H K • i!G> Na ' 'diprH»t hole ck · ck into Lake Ck from W CU.si K' .;a~ 'dt~met hole· !aka W o·f Lake Ck Fh~hing 5ite mentioned in Peters 1977. i.!-Tl ·agh Oilaeni 'gr~~11!5 exi!its' lake below Xanc·eltl'aesde Xanc'eltl'.aesde 'where ceribou migrate through' *site on lake that formerly was on Lake Creek 73 This important c:ari bou hunting site was incorrectly 1 ocated at. Swampbuggy L:u in Kari 1983 and Reckord 1983. Apparently this lake along LakR Creek has recedt~d. uThe upp&r Susitna Indii\ns report that this site h~s probably been used by tha?it· anc:Gtstors for generations." <Reckord 1983: 177> Peter~ dfuic:ribes this as being the caribou huntin9 site mo,;t va!u~d by the Ahtna. The Nenana River per>;:.•;,.. were approaching here when the battle took place at Nay·naderi .~P~~:rs 1977>. This ie described by Jake Tansy as ;d.s older uncl&~ Peter's camp. It is both a white~ish camp and as a major caribou harvesting area (Tan~y, 1982>. Xanc:'•ltl'aes Sene· 'caribou-migrate-through lake' lake~ formerly on Lake Creek, which has drained away I<'"' K'ae ',arrow place' mt 'Gate' Nuul<'e 'on the island' island opposite Kuyxi C'ilaen Na' Ku-,.•}: 1 C · t 1 aen f'·1a · · whistl era e:: i st ck · c.k 5 of Butte! Ck .... 1~ I "#~u ',~:;:~il (il)f'' C:<!·~~~ • ~ I , ·f 1 c:;t~t.~ p~ll~$~ w• fllOUth • l'i'l~~rut.h of Butt!!!? Cr~ek rh:i.~ ~lf4lil!i!i inccrrfltc:tly reported&$ Hwniid::l. Ca~&k'e in Kari 1983. · l :{u "u;?:dlldl/n t..!.a • . H t::W'S pa,91t -c:k. ~Qt'>~f<~f'· Eh.Atte Ck, b41dow conflL1~nce of Butte LaJ-~e outlet. f'H.:s!4pGJBI!d aG Cu'ul!dlen Na' in Kart 1983. f!? l '(•!i£l'U • uu~ OQhil.nayfi · ·~n~r~ i~ ti•d -mt' mt S ~i lower Butte Ck J.illl(~ To.msy not.as that this is the place where the upper Su•itn.s people ?ir~t ~~w whit& people. This is probably the Jack party who e~c:end~d thG Suillitrall to it!S hea.dw11t.ers in 1997 <De!lf.U!Iuer and Harv.,y: 18). H'wtru~ldll!ll N& • 'ri1'd area -c:k' I ~-.Ji cker~sham Cl< Hwt:neldel ·red ar~a · I mt at head of Wickersham Ck t.l&hwchil c · ~t · Bene • ? I two lak~fi 6 of band in Butte Ck Hwniidi C.aek'e ·upriver mouth' I ~coniluence of Butte take outlet with Ku'uzdlen Na' Hwniidi Na' ·upriver c:k • upper Sutte Creek Una' Dahwtnelguugi Na' 'its ck -steep enclosed area-ck' Gold Ck I ••c ·en a· Ca • e 'big c:reek' creek into Butte Creek below Naggets'i Kaen' Na' I *NaQgetg'i Kaen· Na' 'fo)( den creek· creek from mt W of Butte Lake I *N~QQ&t.u'i Kaen' • -r ox den · mountain W of Butte Lake I ~nsezen Na • 'black rock creek' ck into Butte C~ from T§e:en ':<t"· . ,~- ..,; ... - - - ... - - ... .. - ~. -L ~> \ .. ' ~ - - ~ ., ' -~ ~. ~- [ ~;i·' _. ~ I 1.' ;~ r: ~· f' !: , .. I ~lf;(;l!t~·it!·~'l- - - - ..... - - ·Jenni lff Pe.>t!.t~·e %tatew that $he was borr'i here~ ~';})~~~m~!~.Hl "b l.:td< Ft1C h: . !1'4t S 197 Nc.d i we H't.>.'~Tl ~ i d i a(iln ·w.priver lak~' ~uttiP Lake~ formerly Ci&lled Nadiwen Lake 7~~ ~Jnt.nge!l makes two references to the lake Knitiben which is on the map north of the upper Susitna River. "1'ha G.albsan village north o-F the Kenai is called Titlog.at; for-tht.: r~indfi!ie;!r hunt they travel ten days over the mountains to f_eke Knitiben. in~ K~nai also travel to this lake to trade with tne people oi Titlogat. ThEy th~ms~lves hunt reindeer at Lake Chtuben, six miles south of L&ke Knitibwn. The distance between lake Chtuben and the north~rn corner of Coc1k ·!!'i Inlet is 14 days" (1839: 52>. ••The Kenai travel -for 6 d.tlys farther· t.:o tl!l. sm.a,ll lake 9 in order to meat and trade with the western Gal tsans" (op. cit. p~ 58>. Titlogat is Titl'u Kaq', the Dena'ina pronounciation of Toklat, the major Tan~na village in the Toklat-Kantishna area. The lake Knitiben geums to be Hwniidi Sen, Butte Lake. The following additional information on Hwniidi Ben was obtained from Jak8 T~n•y in 1983. A rack at the ~ite at the head of the lake was still visible when Jake first came to this lake in about 1910. Jake's mother remarked that the lake used to be a Ghaltsaane (or Nenana River Tanana Athab~skanJ camp. Jake heard that the Ghalt$aane carri«ci the poles here on their shoulders from the timber on the upper Nenana River. Jake thinks that thet nearest Ghel tsaane village in the trees in this area i u the .-thi t:ef ish camp known as Ghal tsaane Ci i!si K • ae <see X X> • The ~ccount in Wrangell from the early 1830s, combined with Jake's information suggestm that in the early 19th century the entire Nenana River was Tanana territory and that they were even on this lake in the Susitna R~ver drain~ge. The Ahtna who were based in the Tyone Lake area were pnass~d to increase their hunting territories to compensa.te ior the absence of salmon in the upper Susitna River. This created ten~ion over places $UCM &9 Butte Lake, and the caribou fence down the Nenana River at Hwditsicghi'aaden. The battle at Nay'nade+i, described in Peters 1977, ~creed the Nenana River people to retreat downriver. The later tensions over the us-a of Yanert For·k (see comment on Deni i gi Bene· near Yanert Fork> re~ulted from continued Ahtna expan£ion. ihe Yanert valley was reached v1a trails from u~per Wells Creek. Prior to these territorial ~hifts, which were instigated by the onset of trade for Russian goods in Cook Inlet, it seems that the boundaries in the middle and upper Susitna area were as follow'!5: th@. Dena'ina controlled most oi the Talkeetna Mountains, including Stephan Lake and the Oshetna River. The We5tern Ahtna were center~d in the Tyone Lakes area and further east, at Charley Lake in the Gulkana drainage, and used the streams and lakes east of the Susitna such ag the McLarl!!n Rivt!r and the hunting site at Xanc'eltl 'aesde on a seasonal basis. Th~ Ghaltsaan• ar Tanana Athabaskans were using adaJacent lands to the west en the upper Nenana River, plus Butte Lake and perhaps other streacns flo~nng intc-J tht~ upper Susitna from the west and north. Ben'sde~ts1ini Na' outlet of Snodgrass Lake ~<:;' '·.~-~·.-"::; :.t·i;·;;::·c.' ;_J.·."\~-~·~, ·. '•'1 . ::A•, ·• ., ~·~· ~~ '' .;.. ?. ·.· {" . ,~-..... -·· l · l i"4kti! t~hiiii!'t w~ m.ade -ck • fJ~ • ~th!?2'b:i>i ini Snodgr<~.$$ L.akill '1. JdU!!~ th<Jtt !lift mad"·. ~ltl'tffi·1li' nJff.l.'f"~ to declaration of place aSJ cariba1.t hunting l<t'lk~E~. ](j f~~ckor~ d~sc:ribam the c<1ribou fence and hunti n9 IJ!li tes that were locat.ti!!>d <it t.hi~ lake, 1993~ 178. J411nnie Petmr~s talls haw her grandfathew, who had bet'1n iM th~a' bat'i:l~ ~it.h the Netw::ana Rivl!tr peoplfll', died he!re in about 1900. Ha ~s b~ri~d here CPetera, 1977). s.~f<;u;.t ' .&Er~'l Na ' ~~ Windy Creek MQntioned in Peters 1977 as another caribou hunting stream. B0nhwdi~'aadfil!n 'lake nmxt to ~iver -place' lake ·aurn~d Grease Camp' A fishing and hunting camp were located here <Tansy 1982). G&t.\n · Tame 'hor'i!ie trail' trail along S slope of Alaska Range C'U.aan Na' 'abundant game-ck' Valdez Creek, Valdez Creek village "Before the discovmry of gold on Valdez Creek the upper Susitna native~ d~pended on the country for most of their food and clothing. Valdez Creek was a favorite hunting ground; in fact, the native name for Valdez Creek <Gellena ••• ) signifitt5 a river where game abounds" <f1offit 1'?15:20>- The modern town at Valdez Creek began in 1903. Prior to this time C'ilaan Na' was an lmportant area for caribou and whitefish. Reckard 1983:171- 177 summari~es Valdez Creek history. Dessauer and Harvey 1980 contatns & detailed account of Ahtna involvment in the mining history here. *C'ena' Sgaay 'li tt 1 e t:reel< • ck into mouth of Valdez Creek from N *Te~ Tuu Yiknighilaade 'where hill extends into water· bank N of mouth of Valdez Creek t<>Bas Nen 'river bank land' ~b4nk opposite Tansy homesite wT®~ Ce'e 'big hill. hill at Denali airfield C'enaa Dzele' '•.ldc;Jn mt • Rusty Hill Bedlaex Na' :."-·~-.J:rt,-~"''''· ~... ·· .~::::·~:·; ·:.:~ ~,~~~: .... ,..,_ ·"'i:'d· \~.~~~'1!-o~:f.~~~ ·;>:-;~..;:.~ .. :;in', .. ""'?"'~ :~~·,w ... ,....~.,. <>::·,\ "·- {- .. ... ... ... ~ ... - - ... ... .. - - - .., ;. 1.~ ~-:· ~ -I· .: \'' !; t ~· ~ - - '1.· ' ' ~ I - - ·~ 1 \~~fL,~f~ ·~:.-~·~t~\!t t·un ~ ck II il~tJ~'i'JrillVtl'~ t Ck ~~niindi Dedla~~i B~ne' ·1 Clt,;,;;w~ l <11kfll trout run -1 ak!!i'!' 1 o.-.:~«· ftOt.1~1Eivtd t. Lake ft~il~~i ~nGID' '.l ~k.t!l trout a'"un -lake· P.ao~evni. t Lake Tht• w~e a major fishing site in the past. ~Te~ Sgaay Tane~dlaade ·~,~r~ little hills are by the water' hill on Su~d tna w of Ru11ty Hi 11 C • a'd4itnaa • imnEt • ·mineral lick lake' lak~ S of Sen Dato9• Na' A caribou ~en~e and hunting camp were here <Tan~y 1982}. c·~aay rase· 'sitting for game-hill' hill W oi C'edenaa· Bene' This hill i$ a game look-out over C'edenaa· Bene· <T•nsy 1982> mtm Oatgge Na' ·upper lake -creek' •:k ir-d:.o Susitna below Wegt Fork May· nadeid Noll • 'duck~ fly back -ck' ck from S into Ben Dstgge Na' OO.Sy 'nadtli·i 'duel<:~ f1 y back· / :r riclge 4726 E of Butte Lake This is thft site of the battle 1865 described in Peters 1977. <Tansy 1982). with the Nenana River Athaba9kans in about A caribou fence was also located here Ben Datgge Bene' 'upper lske -lake' lake on Ben Datgge Na' ~iindi Ben Datgge Bene· 'upriver -upper lake -lake' lake N cf Ben Datgge Bene· SP.condchief's hunting camp was located at conftu~nce of two streams from the two lakes on the upper portion of this creek <Tansy 1982>. Tabenr'aa Na' 'lake flows into water-ck' West Fork of Su9itna River Yabenr'aa Bene' 'lak& flews into water -lake' ·~~ . :;i:·t;~_1,:;~:r.l:,~,.:,;;?;;,i~·-~:.r-·:,~.S.;i.i-·~'lJJ.~lt''f;~it?:1*.?~:'t ~~·J:r.1,i~:;'~..).attt'-.!#'',<J-.V..m;;:i}t"~~~~'<~~·:s~"'·.w;.~-p·~·,.,,,~,,.,.._,..,..,.,.,-...,.,.."""-·"'--·· .. -~, . ..,.---· ...... -···~ ., ····~·-. -~----~ 78 ,~. ~kt~mt i~tl"/:11 W'ilil?;;t For~ I* lh:\il f'·~:U'I:fll&i ~ t.Hy T$tUl~V·!l.3 f&ther, had a camp nell!l.r thm oultat o-f thi$ liiii~;!'.lf <Yilnev., ~~ ' ·., L":\:r. ~:lj;' l\~Et~> * T.~b'iitf~i· ';f4·?· T .'a'j{S\"U!!'. 'l>t~~~-' flow~ into watar -straight strcetch· boar or; lfda~t Fork i(~gh 1 t \':lrt Na • '?l~w~ up and out -ck' t~>trw~'~' inta Sm;t tna N of W~tst Fork 1' ab•tiH'I·I{' • a~' l.uu · 'la~e flowm into water -glacier' M~~t F'ewk Glacier ~(U\n: i Ogh i 1 .a a y Na • ·~r.lhi~tler mt c:k · st.reaem from west into Wa~t. Fork Glacier moraine Kuyui Dghila&y Cene 'whistler mountain base· mtf.i b113tween West Fork Glacier a.nd Nenana River Tset • egh il eM Na • 'flow~-bf!naath-rock river' East Fork of Suwitna River Ts'E!fbeni-'aa Na.' 'lake flows out. -ck · ~tr~am into East Fork Ts'mb~tn*''aa • 1 &ke of l OW!Il out. • lake S of East Fork Tsiis Tl'iic'i Na' •ochre ck'. ~tream into upper East Fork Name rQfers to a high grade ochre that looks lik& lead. T§iiS Tl 'iic:'i 'ochre• 'Secondchiaf Mt' S of East Fork Tset·aghtlen Luu· 'flowfi beneath rock -glacier' East Fork Glacier na' en Nay' detl<.ayi Caek 'e Bene' · r·oc;::ks fall down -mouth ·-1 ake · 1 <!;ka N of Soul der Ck mouth Ts'a$ Nay'detkayi Na" 'rocks fall-down ck" Boulder Creek !•~" ... ;:1'{~ ~· f'lf' ~~~\~:, ~i% ~~- ~~ ld'i\ IIIII I ~$ IIIII ~-rt; ~:; ~:t·' ~~-~.,,.1 I ~!'-~1 g\' 1~::·- , .. ' 1-, ~~ ~, .. t~· .. ~~~ -gf ~i· (- ~! ~· ' ~· F- t ~ [IIIII \ '• - -~ r r,~ .. ~ I. ~ f- ¥ ~ '-l ;; •4t""''''''~""'•·t~;: ...... ,. ·.. ... . .... ],·: ... ·. '"·,': :;·' '- - - - ~j!$~;;{~i(*f1U~ti~)~~:t1fl~~&,j!~~~A1~1~~~~~~J~$ .. ~~v.~~~··i~.thiilw.i~~.J:.tf~~-tr~1~~:;,qr·_i..~<r,...~~~:t~~~: ~ ··~:J-~l~~·.~~;'~·""'l.'::&r~.!il>='::"i~JJ-~1 (-:..Ju~~:M---'llo~~::J,.~.-n~~~~:t'"". N·1. ~~Jl ~a ~li::. ~ ' ·• .. ?··· ek' '!i'lt<r·G~m in~o Su.sitna between Sut~itna Glacier and E.,5t F~~~._~ Ni ~u t ~~~.l Bl!l5ne ' ' -?-l•kii' lQ~@ ~t head o~ Nicul~4 Na' ·r:t • ~~ i i Na.. • ' -'?, .. ri v\!Jtr · Middl~ F'ork o-F Sueitna f'Hver n · oll:i'! u Lu'.A • '? tJ lac :i. ®r · 19 Sus.!iitna 5l<£tc:ilfr Auqu~t and September h~~d of thfi SuBitna. was the time ?or caribou hunting at the glaeiern at th~ This is dicu~eed by Jake Tansy on AT40. ·n · ~zi:i. ? Mt. ~ Htl!ly~~ or Au;· ora Peak ~~(~i'';'t'-·~~ ... ~:"-···~·---=--·-~·., .. \> ·~ '~ "'' • •<!-. • ~; J~~n ., -;~ l.',, N'<:~P~n.a HiveF 'fihtna;. por"t.iun> :>.: .;:.~ ~~ 'fn ·:·:.;l,,tr·;:ttd: ta t.h{r:t mutu""lly knOll-tn Ahtna-Dfina':i.na n.::~m-t~s i.n the Ne,L,mu>Eki%1 Rivwr dl"'<'<ing;;\ge, tt1e Ahtn,a ancf the! Tan<'il.na dtJ fH-:lt s~fM' to sl"'I<'I;"'E? ,;; ~ m:;..d: ...• ,nl '1£15!·t u{ n~mes on the ~~nan a FH ver". T'h is torn c t'.t 1 J l n<?ed~ f,p-th(!i'f' ~! r·· tt~'t&~,dr'" ~::.f-'} .. ,, N 1 n~rH't · t Ni nal!'l'b Na · "•tap whil~ mov1ng nomsdically -river ., ~:~ N•!!·n;,tn.>rt~ Hivr;Jr, l<:Jcwer Nenana Riv~r, form1>1>rly called Cantwell Ri.ve1r- ~ ~f -t !h ~ '>:: r'll,a.rne i l1.i not commonly used by the t-lester-n Abtna. S~e t.htz n<'lt'!H!~ bel en">~ fc'Jr HE? uppe~ Nenana RiVt'"!r as it $tarts at Nenan<:\ f:Hacier .. ~uyinanawt·aani Luu' ~ 'one t!t-at G>d:.end5 into glacier -glU\c:ier · :i N"m~na OL'ic: i.tar c:; ,. l.:::uy{n.1l.n~~~t · :.tami i · c>ne Uu'lt ex tends into gl ac::i er~ · ~ ridge S of N.aruma Glacier § ~uyinanast'aani Na' 1 'one that extends into glac:ier -ck" upper NMnana River ~ j *S••• Nez Na' ·sand -?-ck' ,. ~JI Kl~n1atana Ck 'l'l'Saas Nez · ? sand· mt 4 1?59 Thief OQ!!!> c,~ . n-Na ' 'big bank c:k · Brushkana River Jake Tansy's hunting cabin is located off the Brushkana River. K'es Na' ck through Monahan Flat ·crooked ck' rhis area is described in some detail by Jake Tansy on AT24. •Ghaltsaane Ciisi K'ae 'the Tanana people'5 dipnet place· fishing !;ite on K'e!i Na.' near mouth of Cetseni T'm: Na' Thi5 is of significance, because the Ahtna recognize th1s as be1ng the former whitefish site of the Tanana people of the Nenar.a F:iver. Front this 1 oc&.t ion the Tanana people had a tr<u l up to Butte Lake l n the Susitna drainage. See Jake Tansy's comments on Butte Lake. •Cetseni T'ax Na' 'haw~ ne~t creek" ck into V'as Na' from Celseni T'oH r:et st?n i T • o:: 'hat-Jk nest.· _, ., ·;,. ' ,•:~ ,· ·r···:· ·. • "v • .,·~ .• ;•: - - - - - - - ,-: - - :- - - - - - - - m-(f. ~s- ~ - ~---e..: ::, --~~~ ' :~} .... f;j !; --I I ~ { -.. r~ -r: - - - - - 1"n 1 l ~:0 of Ci.tnycw. Ck Cetakolyaes Cene· -,~_hirtq<i» ~m~<:~.t} u:r~ brcn.u;~ht. down-·flHt.· i'h:>fl ~h iln F 1 P-< t:. CntakulyBeq N•" ·thing• Cmaat> are brought do~n -ck' Cdnyon Creek C'.:oa.a Dz~le' ~ ~\ !~f1 nrt" tt}t 4 2u!Z• ·Long · *Un.a· Tayentaani Na' 'ite ck -straight ~tretch extends-ck' third ck from E into Brushkana R *Una· Gabiin Z'aan1 Na' 'its ck -5tova is there -ck' four·th ck from E into Brushl<ana R !;.C • adanaa · · m i n ~r-a 1 1 i c k · 1 ak~ at upper· fork of Bn.tshk.ana R near upper Deadman Ck -11'.8~5 Ce'e Bene' "big bank lake' 5mall lake at head of Brushkana R B~!S Ce'el! 'big bank· ·M-ridge at head of Brushkana R, 5170 ? Tabats · ii gi Na • ? Stickwan Ck Tabat.s · i igi 7 Stickwan Lake C'eyaas Na' ·cub bear ck' Seattle Creek C'ey&as Dghilaaye' "cub bear mt' mt 5464 'Seattle' r:es Ggez i Na ' 'forked bank c:k · lower Wells Creak Bes Ggezi 'for~~ed bank- Pyramid Peak ... ,,., •. ,.,.,"'';;·\,·.··:•;'{ l l ''/' ·''':' •"c.·i!'J, ·'"> • 1; !~ .1. ~-:_~ :~:"'.:-.:. l1~:::,. · -:~ · • ·::: .~>~:.y~·~ -:;;."~~\i;·;;;.:t~~;-!J~~,r-.l~~~.-:;~)t~:~:~:t:~;.:~-!,~::t:~/:>~1;,;:;:~~~-:{ .. t>-~>{:~-~~:·-·:k·~~; ~" .J{.w:;; . .t~:~:;.~-~::J~~-:;;· .... ;<-J6(./,.~ ~j._~\~:~.~i::~;;.~~.~~·-~ ,/;.:;;:r "f:i:::;t-i-~:1· .. ~~~ ..... ~.,.:""; ... ~l:~~·t~ _:~."~··, ;~,, ·· :·_ ;·.:r< ;~~ :;;· ·.: ~ ~1 :.: ~ ~1 ~4't ~;l r~~e~ J t1 t1 e '" f'.Jt:~ · 1 . " · (il"PY ~h'1nd ck · upp>iif" t'J,t,~l J ,:;,; Ck ll r; So!!,_;,~; N~i baay . rjc·t"Y ':ill<li.fld mi 4357 N of Well~ Ck n .• ,gd~nt,;.>. Nll'lZdlaayi · r"i dQ('~ th2d: :st<!tnd'!! by itself ' low r·idgfe at he:ad 01 Wells Ck Dgh~!<t~~:ni N;! • ·stumbling trail -ck' c:k f~"om Ni.4 into Well !5 Ck The trei l s from the upper Nenana over to the Yanew·t Fork started fn::>m ttn<fl cr·ee•k. Thi~ area wa<S used at least until the 1930s by Valdez Cr,.eek people fclr mhQtep and car·ibou hunting. ,Jim "fyone and Jake T.ansv discuss this in A1.34 end AT24. Dgnat~ni 'stumbling trail· W trail to Yanert ~6rk •angguxu Dghateni 'upland stumbling trail' E tr·.ai 1 to Yanert Fork Oghateni Dghilaay 'stumbling tre11.il -mt' Nenana Mounted n Hwditsicghi'aaden 'when .. \1\' caribou fence extends down· d( into Nenana W of Well~ Ck -ttand also ck on opposite side from S Thi$ caribou hunting area is identified by Henry Peters (1977) and others as the boundary that was in dispute in the battl~ with the Tanana people over 100 year~ ago. "People traveled from there <Nenana). Then they would meet across hwditsicghi'aaden Creek. H they had turned back there the war would not have happened. The war t·uts there across from Xanc"eltl"ae~de" Cp. 13}. T"at•'inilen Na' 'flows out from enclosure-ck' Bruskasna Ck C · e-z ~~ 'a an Na · ·burned c 1< • Schist Crl'!ek wHwniindi Yaadi T'ox 'upriver golden eagle nest' east Reindeer Hill 1 T'ox Na' 'golden eagle nest-ck' .,r,..,, '•"' .,,. ~ ... _,.,., .. , -~ - "--""'--·-. - - - - - - - -f; t. ~- ' t f., ... r. ~-~: :~ - - - - - - - - - tl, ~ - - ~ c~ frum c:ictd!R H~ind~er Hill ·~V ~~-J.~.ii "f . CL·~ ·qo!dan eagle nest· vn dd l >!1 j::(Q i r.dr,~~r f·H l l v i. r> £ ba~<Ti "that which iB frozen inside' "'t%'S'!'.st f-.~~i ndeer Hi 1 .t Yict£1tt':'rd 1\la' "that which i$ frozen tn~ide-ck· J""-ck l~i ver? Cantwell village u '.~ Eldr'idg~ reached the Jac.k River in August of 1898 and m.<;r··Y.ed a housr;!' he•·t::' on IH~ Nap Nt:)* 3. He notes, "On bath the Sushitna and Canb••ell {Non~rh~) rlve>"'<S~ ho~>~fi'Ner, in the heart of· the mountains, cabins wen» se~:n'l·--th:;:r homE:.>-c; of the Indian hunters in winter·. On the Cantwe1 1 River ths"::>f~ wef"&!' f,JI.'l.r·tic:ularly numerous and were said to be oc:c:up;~.ed by thP. Tanands---- n~puted gn:~<J~t hunters--who came up from their valley when travel ovfi:lr the snow and frozen stream~ is rendered easy» <1900227). This is the l&te5t r!l·ferenc:e to r anana Athabaskans using this port ton of the Nenan;,t Ri. ver. Of C.s.ntw~ll vi 11 age de 1 aguna states, "The settlement was start~~d en 1 y about 1916, by Indians <mostly half-blood) from Valdez Creek l.o~hen the nane there closed. They were originally from Copp~r River·, and stlll maintain connections with relatives thareu Cn.d. p. 40>. Vi daten i Dyi i 'that whit::h is fr·ozen inside·-canyon' canyon at Windy Ka>ntistaan Na' 'trails ascend ck' L<Jindy Creek On-.a or morft trails here go to upper Riley Ck. This used to be u9ed for sheep and caribou hunting. De Laguna notes for this creek9 "This is wh£tr-e Copper River p lOple, TaJt.siine and Naltsiine clans, started a war w1th the Nenana people. McKinley Park boundary was the dividing 1 i ne betwee-11 th~ir territories" (n.d. p. 40). This statement <informant not notedi 5hould be compared with that of Peters, 1977. Hwnic'ilaexde 'end of fish run' Summit~ Broad Pass Note the lack of Ahtna place names in the Summit-Broad Pass area. in sharp contrast to the detailed system east and north of Cantwell. The Cantwell people have used the middle Nenana R much more than the Summit-Broad Pass area. Nanikaen Oyii ·rocks fall across -canyon' on Nenana R at Slime Ck St.l 'uuli Na' 'tied. tangled ck' Carlo Creek ~, ~!':~;: ~-_:,/ ', ·~.:~ ~!( ::' '"".:,'· • ~-· J..•~ ~,,_~.,_,,-,._.,-~~ ...... ·o :-"•~~ '."""· ~ ... ·.-';'CP.W i)Lf $:~:r~r·L~ ~ g ·1 fJ~f-~fl!~ · , n:~ -t:t~:~ ~; (f~ R e:. k w~ · Z4h~ S cf McKinley Lodge ~hl;;';'r J,d<t'il! Tmn!iiy '!ti moth~1-w~s !."i to 10 year~ old a NarHu1a River· ;4,.·;•1;tlLL;Hsk.::u' ·~·~~" k ~ ·~ l ud by "' be!.lr ht~rt!r. This was t.hought by t:.he c!ownr A. vtn-peop l ili to b~ "''not nut(:::r·~~k of host.ilit.y triggered by ~"~n Ahtna medicine man. The nH:d: ~r.i":!l c"r.';ll~'~ N:at"l·an.tt. m~ tr i ~d to ,ambush Ahtna wtn l e t.hey wc->r-e <ahem~ rH.mt 1 ng on O:.:ho~iJ upper Yt~.nart Fol'"k. Ahtfla men "5>aw the Nenana trt8n, narnf.J>(1 S<sn !<.' .~€!1, .. 'ltHJf<ild c~f tim€:1 and <J.YOldiii>d t.he fight. Thus t~nsions ovii"r terTI \:or·y r"fc::li>ilinli\i'r.l ye.au··-:s <lfter thti!l betttle further-upt~iver at. Nay·:~adE>:ti. Tl ahwaicaaxa Na" ·valu~ble headwaters-ck· '·f an&r t For·k \i',c)!;rtt!:'rt df!1!'M:6tnded the Ne:nana River to this point in 1898 and th6'n t.urned h~-tck sotd:h, having btien dtJ~ert~d by his guide n;1med Bate who wa!£ .;t "Ski~ig• Indian CpO$Sibly from Shk'ituk' village at Kenai). Yansrt natem, ~A~ concerns the Indian·s refusal to ramain in service as a guide, I fe'IIJl certain that his unwillingness to do so was prompted by f~"ecH"' of the T<Anan<"A Indi~ns who he freque-ntly assured me were numerou~> and bad" \ln00~ 679) ~ "Thn Indians of the upper Susi.tna <.apend a lar·g~ part of thl!!' ')'fhlr hunting on the J~ck Riv~r and on the-Yanert Fork of the Nenana River. These two loc.aliti(~S are con~idered the choice hunting grounds of the regions, .. .-md the Vanert Fork is the better o+ the two" (Moffit lq15:2EH. Sguu$ Kulaen N~· 'eel ery e>: i sts ck · Revine Ck Nt$•azi Na' ? Hoo!!e Creek f~ts • er:z i ? Pyramid Mountain bina'udghidlende 'where streams join' This $tream was on the two trails over the range from upper Wells Creek. ~ Louise Creek st:u-.eedghaas N;a • 'n:Jugh-roc:k ck · Riley Creek Ts 'e?ntado!UlS Na' ·water-raises ck' H~aly River :antwell people do not seem to recognize the names in thls area used by Nenana R people. aghat.iili ? Nenana village .-~rc;'"" ;• ·<'. ~ ' '.;·'.'#.,._·, ,"' '. I ~f·_"'f-~}'<.<',!',~;·~·-·"" ~ ·_q-;« ,oc,• ~- ~a<~JIP - ... - - - ;, .. ~· t t· r:.:- ~ . :,<; l t.~ t·, ;;~ r f;, ... ... \ t~ .. e t: ~- ~~ ~· j.' ~: l ~ - - - - - - - - - - i .lt'.•~.:-:--~:~'"~' - 1- 1- I - I - ~~ r, ''·""''~Er f.:-ll't~,;.na Dialer.t,;,, ;:~;r>d Bo-and 'fr:;~rr:i tortes infe~m~~jon on thm dialmcts of the Tanan• or Lower Tanan~ AthsbclSkdns 1.'1<,;;.-;:; cl:lll·~c.ted by Kr-auss in 1961. The main sour .. ce or' t:tu·:s•: l.3.r.qu.o:~.g,~s. i. .._. Kr·~; .. Ht"'i-£973. The d • dill er:t and b,and ter·r·1 tOr'' i ee ar~ not eel u1 f1c:Kennr.Hl 1981~564. Krauss not~• (perGan•l communicatic~J that thera i~ no d~tnctsd phonological difference between the language recorded at Mt nt.CJ 'I .and tha> 5UFVt!Y rna tel-i ai from v~ood River and frnm N~nt)n:;-·Tok l. t:tt .. Tt'ds kind of homogeneity n~Hlects fluid travel l!lnd i.ntermi.ar·ri<.v;;e "'ithin th~~'3K! three bum:! tewrU:'lries in former .. times. Thfl!' ext~nct Chend dialr.:c:t to the east was wliqhtly differ~nt, distinguished mainly by a merger of the !;.r.: series with the !;.~ ~eri es. While the data on tha t'h nto di,~lect and ethnogengraphy is good, thtt corresponding data. on Wood River .ilnd N~r;.ana-Told.i?it, as well iUi Chen.a., is very fragmentary at pre,..e·1t.~ Tlll!';'l"e 1s no detatled infcwm.nt:.ion on thr~ Wood River or Nenana-Toklat tet~rttori~s. !n n~vimwing th"S sources 011 the<Se two bands <Gudgel-Helmes 1979, McVI.'?!nnan l9El1, .amf Std. nkwi n and Case 19841 a 1 ack of i nfon11ati on on tt1.,~ southern boundaries of th@Se band has been noted. In particular, tha 1ssue of th~ usa of the upper Nenana River and even the upper Susatna River by Tanana i~thaba~JSk:an~ is not documented. Ho~o>•ever, in preparing this rl!!'pcwt, w~ havf:~' ·foun,-:-1 evidence frt:~m the ta:-59 Wrangell report and map ant1 ft-om ethno~li".itoric ,;;c::counts by upper Susi tna Ahtnas that the entire Nt!!nana drainage was. in for·mer tim~s. thought of as Tanana territory. Thus an important re5etQlrcf; goal for this region is to document the use of the upper N~nara Riv~r by Lower Tanan~ speakers. There •r• several significant ttistorical changes in territory in the Tanan~ Vall~y as well as in Ahtna territory. Note that while the Koyukon .an~ incur!!!live to the Minchumina-Bearpaw area in ttH'!! early 19th century, the Ahtna south of the Range are expanding tn a northwewtar!y tnt:o the upper Nenana River. Their claim to this area resulted 1n a. '5kirmish in .about 1865 which se~ms to have driven the Tanana bac:k north of th<-:• Alaska Rang&. Further east, in the Isabel Pass-Oelt& River area, relatxans between the Athna and the Salcha-Goodpaster people were good. Intert:;.>stlnqly, there is more documentation of Ahtna use of the upper Delta River than th•re is of Salcha-Goodpaster band use of this area. Thus it seems the Ahtna wer@ expanding northward into the Delta drainage too. We believe that both ~f these movements reflect a mid-19th century Ahtna strategy to control the only acces<:?lible passes into southcentral Alaska. 16, TANANA RIVER, CHENA RIVER TO NENANA (exclusive of the Chena River drainage) .... - - - - - ... - - - - - - t1any of the name'3 between Chena and Nenana have be!en supp 1 i ad by HCl~"ard - Luke, Matthew Titu5 and Robert Titus. Note espectally tapes TN18 and TN20. Ten:Et Dona· 'upriver trail· Tanana Valley This name refers to the anctent trail to central North Amer1ca. name Tanana may be derived from this name. rth'eetoo" 'stralght water·~ 'maJor r1ver Tanana Raver /' "''•;;. .-~. ·. <;~-.... ~. .~·-,·~·:·.'~.'·;~·t·'<.•>;< ~-..... _ .. ..,.. ,....,. -· The place - - - - ~ ~ ~ -!~ - t • ,. ~---'-~··';• ,· .. ~,,,;; .. ,:J~•.-"'5 ~"-~·:. · ,>;._;• • • '>i-.0\.•\:,'.,.;,.,-.-.,,:;:,:tt;, ",;.>t. •• ~ .. ·!~.!':~··M--·:; J.. v~·,..:·.~·~ ,.. _... ... "-' '' · · "'•" • •·" '{;!'l . \':0'1) Cl wiv~~ cF ~ammthing· f:i'!<;;, 1'1 A!. v;;n· ~J i . .; .. n~~ prefix ch"e-proablably rafare to game such aa car1bou. 'illh~·J< i"''i :';:h~ lcil:!t olace up the Tanana listed in ,J~tte''".> stwvey i 19HJJ. ""~ih~'1t 1 itt.le data ther~~ ar~ for the Chen~ It. iuan~"' tndu.::ate that t:I'H~<r-ca<bot• t~l~~>tinq W<JA'i3 largely confined to th~ ~rain.-~qe of th;'! Chen<l River" H1cl":~:frH~<:m 'il %1 i!: ~)69) • S:~\lili .,1.l~'U' ChE:1na Rivar pl.ac:e n&mes in ~:a;~i 1<JH5. D"• · -ono ·· Khudochaget ·r~ver of something river mouth' ~;~u~t. Cre-sk, old mouth of the Chena River F;b ·~<no· Khud1;.•d1aget Khodot 'dn•.l'!ln fn:Jm river cf something river mouth· site C.:o~~mri ver From the mouth o-f the Chena Ch'it'no· t<hudochaget Ddhela' "rive-r river mouth moLmtlli n · t.'l'u~na Ridge !:'l.t::·~~rch 'eel a~<h No • ·w~lmon run terminates-river' S.alch,;d-c~.:-!>t Slough This slough was a major canoe trai 1 between Salcha and 01 d Chen a. Tt·H:~ ne:mE? Salchaket Slough is derived from the name for the mouth of the S~lcha Raver, W~hic;h wa~ mistakenly applied to this slough on the south sidti." of th11: T.:m,;r,n.'<. TobcJ Bena · • SN&n 1 ~~ke · small 1 ,Jke 2 mi 1 es up Sal chaket Slough south of Howard Luke · s l::ffll!i--tan No' 'dead dog cr~ek' creek flowing from Clear Ck Buttes toward Howard Lul<e's Nodh'oye No' 'bucket creek· next creek south o~ cae~tan No' Btim Yooza' 'brushy lake' lake 4 miles south of Salchaket Slough west of Clear Creek Butte at head of "Lost Creek" Ch'etthe@' Denalnadhee 'Mead that is tall' point of land by lake 7 m1les south of Howard Luk~·s camp Thfi! preceding four placecs <ilre on the Bonnif1eld Trail, an aboru;p.nal tr,ul that extends from the mouth of the Chana south past the Wood R1ver to the Alaska Range. This tra1l there met the east-west tratl on the north slope of the Alaska Range. Informants state that this was an aborig1nal tra1l tu upland hunting areas. Too Nerkun· No' "clear water cre~k· t ~>;;<;\\:/!i-"'i"il>~.;l":w~;':~'?>~'i''<;<~::"'':";·''"'."'''.''','"" ;' -~_,,,..;.~-?'":·~·,l·.·v, q .-,~:·--.-:· •• ~,·-' ,c.·:~--~'. t;! fi~: j .. 1'1' '-"' ,y. ·.;--. '' [: l ~-~:tr [:;~· f.J~~·!·i!: ~-~h· ~ ~1!.' ·~-~ f'"H' i:t ~ T "i.!IJ;h 'qcldii!t'i ,;!~91a ne>St · Cl~ar Cravk Buttes ~c: . <,Jtt·1 TSIOOl il' ·nrck tongue or 'cloud tongue· ~ m1 t:'(uff on rH3r··th bank of the Tan<ina opposit.~ Hot-1.21.n:l Luke's, Ol.d Ch•~r~<~ na"' is t:n~ of the be:st known of the n<:\me·~• on thi '!:!. 1 i st be.:,lu•!ie the hl.t;t~lr·tc Chena village site on the south bank 1<~as .also called by tht~s n.3lme. Jhg name iB said to refer to a type of willow that grow• at the base of this bh>-ff~ M®rd::.ionad in Jette 1910 as being 2 miles below Chema. Ch~rH~ \JU.laq~ iS& rtoted in Andrews 1977:402 as s.ite NNA 3. Nets 'el-'~>~mlll:le Dhadlghanden 'wh0r-e th~ "~oods man was ki! led· point tm Tan.ana River at the south end of Chc;:na Ridge A 'Jl'tory r~efers to a 'wild man· or ·~·oods man· being killed here long befon? hbator1c contact. Matthew Titus on TN18. Sa~ Vona • r·<Am ~ l'fii:'ll t:'l' sheep ' first bluff upriver from the mouth of Rosie Creek Too N~l:-kun' No' 'clear watar creek' Ro~ie Creek 9uqh Ts'etset,Jhe..t, Beghu Ts'etsekhden 'one th~t we cry for at· bluff just downstream of the mouth of Rosie Creek Jette said this was the sit~ of an abaPdoned village and wrott!, "Alluslf...m to so!Wl!! great mourning fe~st celebrated here in olden times" < .. 1etta 1910) .. Sa!> Yeddha' (name r-efers to old sheep) y•;~ ; .. ;;~;· - - ~' ... ~ . -'. ~. - ' .... !· .. f ~ ' ~f ~ ~ t-~ f t ~ t -f ... - hill where Old Norman used to stay on south bank of Tanana 5 to b miles beloc •• : Bugh Ts'atseghee ... Vutlt$etl 'a Dazra· · ? shallows· Sam Charley Slough Too Tthukh No' ·yellow water river Hot Slough t'loqa-ddh.!!. Oodet th · eede 'where fa>: ? · fox farm at the mouth of Hot Slough B~chots'eedhee+ ? 01 d Si 1 <!\5 • camp on north bank of T .:mana above ltJood Rt ver ·--~· ... ~.-.:~"···· ' "1"''• · .'·' 1eil!":. '" ;.~·•··fM" f:'l\•""•; ,.,·-:'>\· - - - - - I - - ':_~.:; ' ·:, "k:-· ·."-: .. :.~· ::: .. :.... ·:~~~ 1!jt;~·. >· -:~l\ ~-r.·; ~ !;i: .'~·k?(:i:~.~·?J.-f-.1 ~';::··;:. (F'i "rh i .,.; '"·i. t~ ;Mas on~ of t:H!!' mei n camps of the Wood Hi vtS?r b~nd o+ Athr.;p<H~k;:;n <:nu;~ni~" P:. is known to l"hilVl¥t be>~m occupiecl dLwing the late 19th .lind i":Hr·~y 20th centur tt!'ls'' (Andrev--ts l9T7:401~. Dc"<J1 Ted~ ~-,th ·· .t u.;;d pr.::wt61gv • \",:i. tG-' .:tt ,,,cn.,d:h of Wood R1 ver '' T!'H.:.;• vt ll <>V:;)l<1 i 5 of teo associated with the we.ll ~·known chi. e-f illnd mf<:'d 1 e 1 ne: <t~ .. ~n o·f. r~his area, Chief Thoma5" <Andrews 1977:400, "The Wood R1.ver .·•.-!md ••v:>Htte..inad ~· pcFmanent camp near the mouth of the Wood R;i ver· tn th"" 1>?'2~J·:; nnd lct30s. It was made up of four households'' <Shink11an e,nd C.:1se l~)l84:2ED. A whitefish location on a slough o·f the T.an .... ng. ts not.~:~d t'.op, cit. p. 34L Th~ Wood River-Nenanll trail is s,;ud to be qu1te old { 0}1 • c i t • p • 64 ) DtJt1i'-Totetf·, No· 'fuel portage river' ~'lf.ltJd R i ver· ThlfJ! rHtrtleJ recor-ded by Jette Korodza.ihdotno, ".,. tributary of the Tanuna r1 vel' -from the south, 174 or 203 miles above its mouth. Locally known to wl11te.~'£; <fo.S Bonanza Creek or Wood River" has not yst been reelicited. Jette alst_., ~~tat:as hti!'re the.t ".>l tE'legraph station termed 'New Nenana.· h~s been erected 9 mile'!:> below this place during the summer of 1907" f1910). Perhaps tt-n".; stream is beiow Wood River. Tl"at Neek'a 'fire drill river' location tmcertain, a4f Wood River _ Ts'at'aneek'iddhe? - ? location unc~rtain, off of Wood River <no t·ecorded name) Wood fH ver Bu. t tes Noted in Andrews 1977:404. Use of Wood River is noted in Gudgel-Holmes.1979:85-87. six cabins in this area used by Nenana people. The map notes -'rH~v~ born river · r (hedegaye Neega llJcation uncertain Onc:f:! mentioned by ~essie Barnabu.s to be near upper Wood River -Bosotl · odee, Khosot 1 · odee "the one with the sun in back of it" r.-.ount.ain in the Alaska Range in the vicinity of Mt. Hayes This mountain was used as a weather indicator. Also, this place is said to bm the mountain in the Central Tanana Valley that has special relig1ous significance for both the Wood River and Salcha bands <Tltus 1 TN18J. 11iotoozr· af~h 'water ·forks' mounta1n in the Alaska Range, possibly Mts Deborah and HPss -' See also names in Dry Creek area at the base of the Range in Kart 1985. These are hunttng areas used by the Salcha band. -""' o,~ •;~ • ... ~·-... -; ,· -~ .-;:.,.. ~....,.,,. . 1 > ,7·-.;..::,"'·:t·;~,::,;.~r.>i;:,;,_·;,::,;!.;·,\ll,.~'l!lo~'';~;:.: ··::: _;:.,.~:t-r.<-.5'•-::.;wi.,-(t .i;;-,.:h'.,.,("~:·, .... :.l(.:,.c·.;;r,.,.·.:-N:.{.'<'~·'·'·'· ;~·:,.~:r:t:-1 ~-~'/· ;;:~':~""· ' ~~·r;:..<;,;.;.:..~t·Jr,.:..!'•:·,<t-::;> """: '·" : .. :;r '"'.>A .. :;._.,.;n,< • .v.;:;..,., -.. :o.,~ ~ ,..,~,·~ ~~;,,-;.'!" .:-.<.; "':._.,:); . ..:.::..:. • · .• ~ .-~>-1:-f•i,~->S~ !!.~:'·~-·)Sr. :. , ; :;. ·F < ~.\':·~-~~~r::i1f·. •. U~·!iJ;;<!i-:l nv Dc.it'<;·t!l &~ • rrtt'un {. ;:':!, i n r .1H'HJ fi!~ moun t at n ~ · rn. £j;:;ka R<angm Se~'atl Ta· Dazra· 'f,;;tM!!.tr <::rf Sek'otl ~personal namei -b.;ar' \J,£,~" nn 1\.l bank~ bel. ow Wood River inouth Tot t:h · t.:'!1<~c~k • ~ '"(' ~tr· i Vf.:!F 90 Tatl•nike Riv•r Cited in Jette l910. Andr•ws 1977:403. A nativ~ cabin s1Le at Tatlanik~ Canyon ts nct~d '" Toot .ad 1 ew11£t~k ·a 'wat:~r ? ri v~r · Totatl&nlka River 'fhn;~~ na.U.ve tr·appinc;t cabins in this are are noted in Andrews t977:402- 40.tL U~~ o+ the area is noted in Gudgell-Holmes 1979:83. Of nate here ts Jette's Tarkelanika ''CTotatlanika of the whit•s>: tar, in the water; kela, medicine, i.e. amulets, i.e. flint pebhles--·rnka, creek--because pebales of translucent ~Jartz ara found in it <Paul Williams)" (1910J. Jette's spelling correponds more closely to a i<<:"Jyukon pronounciation of the Teklanika River. Enci· Noto~htadh'on ·upr-iver sl o•...:gh · Lost Slough, N of !_loyd· s Nobe?thdenadh'a No' "river bank extends -river· on N bank above Chartsedza Khoolande Chtd·tsedza Khool and'.! · whar-e: there are swallows· 'Jlite on N biink Mentioned in Jette 1910 as beir>g 22 miles below Chena, locally called "Monument Rock", but placed farther downriver by Matthew and Robert Titus. ~eth Tr'edeltlede~ 'river bank -that which we slide' Six Mile Slough Se;u·aya · Tot:.eth 'otter portage' 1 &l<e on N bank Ll tl'td. s ~~velakh Beto' Dazra· 'father of Doyelakh (personal end of Poker Slough ~ee~tot·e~ No· ? ~ ....... ol " name) -bar' location uncerta1n, 2nd ck past Nadh'oya' . ·,~:_,.-~~.;:_;. '"'"'ty·· -<'-'"--'"-~·''<"~"~·-· ,,,_ •. ..,, ••. )<,,.: f- .. ~.~.-·. "t' ~,'' ,:'~~'. - - :.1:;·. ''·- ···:: ... - ... -- - - - .. - - - i- l - - I - -j - - F'Ck~tlf'' Si ''L.tt;t~ Yl 'on~nocMtn-·etl-·ode ol"1 S b<HYk ,;at:n::Jvs Ncdh · oy~~ Nodh'oy~e Tr"aneet'ode 'where • bucket sticks out' ck from S into Tanana '11 "That is where the> dr·y ground hits the r1ver. That is wher·f:! thi.'J tr·,:.ut t~. ~·lh<:t>rl" petJp 1 a u'!Sed to go out to the hi 11 <a on dry ground" !Georqe, 19El3) Thf;'t r1orth~south trail on the d!vide between th>? Nenan~ and Totatlanikt:; ;.s a m1~jor trail of some anti.quity. This trail ts mark~d as "lndtan Tr·ail" on Prandla'a map <Br .~ks 1911:170>. t..:h 'etcmtthukh No· 'yellow water ck' f1erTi 11 Slough Tr'atoodenadetsukhde 'o'fht:~r·e? y~ll ow water comes out· Lk from S into Tanana, east of Nenana tonwstte Cf. prec~dinq, possibly ~ame place Tsogho Bema· -1 '? lax~· - - - - - lake 6 mi from Nenana, Jimmy Sizemore Lake ·roghoteel ee ? Nenana Ridge, old Nenana River mouth villal)e, Nenana townsite Jette, ~w·iting in 1907, states here, "Torodiliten, locality .::1nd v1ll.:<ge, on the l!'tft or south bank of the Tanana River... TtH! pl ac;:e is kna .... n to the "'hitaos as. Nenana, it is thet 'Old Nenana· telegraph station of the Signal CorpS}... The natives disagree in the explanation of this "'ord: some maint.ain that it implies no allusion to a mountain, but only to the current, other insist that it does refer to a mountain" <1910>. The history of the community of Nenana is summarized Ln Shin~wtn sn~ Case 1984. Toghoteelee is a pre-contact village and fishing site. Since the formation of the Nenana mission (1907> and the construction of the Alaska Railroad, there hQ5 been a consolidation of three former bands, at Nenana. The~e are called the Wood River, Nenana-ToLlat, and Mouth of Toklat bands in Shinkwin and Case 1984:22-24. The latter ts the Minchumina-Bear-paw band of Koyukon which were tncurstve into these areas during the early 19th century, expandtng south from the Tanana village area. Contemoorary subsistence at the v1llage of Nenana is discussed in Shinkw1n and Case 1984. Of tnterest LS the fact that the introd1..1<:tion of the fishwheel tn the earl·..t 20th ::e"ltur'( moved <;;;,;dmon fishing from the cte3rwater sidestreams dovm to the T~nil.ni'!. R i ver ( op. c 1 t. p. 92} • )dhc:.w t ayP. .., Nenena Rid~e, locat1on yn=ertatn 10-·~nay No· , Neena :·!o · '9topp1ng place -r1var '•'.:.;,l"!''''",-c:: .. ''· < l j j ·-· '!K>' ................. ._ '!)'1 ,; ~·~ NiF.'''"''I'h~ fh Vl;.~t' .T,;r:+:'f: <"tOtt·J~ ''Th~ n.!'jtivl<'l'~ const'""ntly re+u!:!:€' i:c adnn t th\i? fcnn Nen<1'ii<:~;l:,;,t 'J.'lJ. i1 d~S~>lQn;il\t.ion far 1t$ mtluth" <1910>. . "•"'""''·;o'~~-:~.·~ .o::~"":~-.-~:::.'::": ·:-~ <:·:·,> ...... ···t' "'~·t-<C · "'~ii!o=sl·· ··,t-, .,('-..-. · .. ·.'!!·~·. ·i . . ·,:· ·, _:.J~--~ ... - - - - - - - - - - ... - - - - - - .. - '$~·-~-:.;:,•·-·h\!·)fiw~~J;:~~,:~./~_-_:,~'~~---:;..~ ~t:..::<. t"·-~7:;:~:1' ~_,;-:::,--,;· <· ry:_~~: ~" ·-:-·:~,"::~l~t"-'_;~~ -: .. ::"';-:·; i)j ~ 7-h:s;£Nf1NP, P. .( vr::H ,, FRO!~ MDtHH SOUTH TO HEAL'( ·C.l\.0 THE .C,LAm:A F.:ANGE. ~,;t;n~y 1\k.:>' 1 N~~ena No· -"~~:oppinQ pl.;~!t:no-rivEn··· Nen,;~n,a Ri ve.w • formerly Cant wall Ri. ver-- ~;{'j;J(""'t!-; .~;1d lfJE'St t:Jf tha Tanana R:i ver fr·om Nemana nUffH!H"'"OUS nat i Vff-3 p 1 c1.C& n<.'bTiC!l!'> r!rtd oUtG.!s have ba~n noted~ etipecially in the Nunavak Slough <W4;!St Mtddle !/!! 'vi!fr I .£~nd Totchaket areas. North cmd ea.st of the Tanan;a use o·f Lit t.l e1 t;nld':t-tl"'li.U'im ie. reported. See Gudgel.-Holmes 1979:80-86. ilt'I.Ott.:? that going i.n this direction, N~nana place! names overlap "4ith thos4ii! !7<?port.ed by Petrer ,John of f-1i nto i ~ Andrews, Thompsc:m and J-:;hn 1980. T~M'edha Neek'a · ? r·iv!!!tr · Tekla.nika River, locally "Middle River" Thf<So Nanana-Kant.i ~shna trai 1 1 eads up the Tekl ani Y..a River. southwest fr·om Nf.:nt~rh .mnd inters~ttcta the trai 1 leadt ng west ·from Rex. Ten place names have b~n r<!'corded on or near the Teklanika, before the trails join <Ganrge~ tt?n:;,, .also map in Gudgel-Helmes 1979:84). -~Tateth Teagheetonde '"11hare trai 1 goes over a portage' r:m trai 1 just S of Nenena -'Toteth Tr'anotee'eedetonde ..... -I 'where trail come~ back from portage· on trail, before Julius Creek Toch'otande . .., ' Julius Creak Contemprary use for whitefish and grayling cited in Gudgel-Holmes -1979: 79-80. <no recorded name> Fish Cr·eek 4no recorded name> Clear Creek Salman and grayling reported in Gudgel-Holmes 1979:77. · Ghenaartenaayee No' 'its ck -moving nomadicaly -ck' Windy Creek Trail going east from Rex cresses upper Windy Creek. on this trail listed after Re~. fegheelende ··where current flows .., · Seventeen Mile Slough and campsite See sever~l places "lhat is a regular Ct'lmp. All the guys from we:'l.y back when th;,:>y qo h•.mt1ng they had a camp there. .f you go there you will find initials carved in the trees. Today the car~ings are still there ln the trees Nith their names and dates" <George, 1983). .,.,.,, ..• ,,. ::c· ·:'.ol -~-,,_ ':~··,-;•J --~~ .. • "" 1 l.}~~~~j ~~~ t -.;~P.1 ~.1 ~--~. · 'J'r'1'~~n ~rij:'"t.tt:~ ~ n-:·., c:c>' Nru>n•il:fHl fd Vlil'f-~ 21 rni fr·om N\l!nema Nr .. m,·-c;al'o · ee;::let-:.nd~ 't;~J~·l®:r"af ~:he \:rr.::il c:ro"S$~·s" Rrin; 1 lor.:atly c.&.lled Kobi ) /: The trai1 ~otng we5t from here crosses the Teklanika R1var •nd goes on to Tcklat anti Bearp~w. Over twenty places on or ne~r this trail have been nat<,.dt ll",cationtS un<:ertein for some (Titus, 19821. This io:;, thiS' north~:tr":l txac. l t:o Told a.t ~ ro.otl · nt No· Ye.:~!d .ott. Rbtet- 'tu.,:.: k :.J.-::.tl.'::!'r river · Tootl'ct Khudochaget 'b.r..ck Wc'l!tar mouth· Toklat villaQ~ site The 1839 Wrangell map ~hows this vill&ge ss Titlokat, .. 4hich is trt th;: Tanair.l% <Dena'in.:a> language, Titl'u l<aq·. Wrangell r~fers to tbt">se .:u:;ople -l~ the W~stel'"'n 8altsa.n. Both the Ahtna and thE" Dena'ina r~fer to i:he Athabaskans of the Tanana River~ the Kuskokwim Rtver, (and lhe \'ukon River' a'a Gh~l tsaane or 8hel tsana. The trai 1 on the Wrangell m,;;~p 1 f>! ads from Titlokat to the lake Knitiben, which we recently id~ntified as Hwntidi Ben, Butte Lake. The important passage in t>kdnlJell is "The Galt~an village north of th~ Kenai is called Titlogat; for the reindeer the' travel ten days over the mountains to 1 aka Kni tiben. The Kena2. al stt traval to this lake to trade with the people of Titlogat'' <1839:52). Thi~ demonstrates that the Athabaskans north of the Range had terr1t:ory .st the head of the Nenana River south of the Range, and evan used some aztrE'!'I.,ms in the upper Susitna drainage. Jette notes, "Formerly the Ko9kal<at Irdians, who 'lltill have their hunting gr·ounds on this river, 1.1sed to liver there for a great part of the year and were known a5 the To-t 1 o-·rotana" ( 19 UD • A us~Jful source on the recent hi story of Tokl at and areas farther tc: t,_,e west is Schneider~ Gudgel-Holmes and Daile-Molle, to appear. The following five places are on the tr.:lil east from Re;{, which goes on to the upper Wood River~ Totth~ghee'ode, Totthaneghee~'ode 'where rock eMtends into water' l''>iW end of ReM Dome, 7 mi from railr·oad, <ex<lt:t location Llnc:ert<un) Tl 'uk:h Datlton 'sedg~ -lake ts in pos1t1on lake, location r.Jncert.ain, "below IA!indy Ci<" upper Windy Creek (s•e abovM) Ch'etsan· N~elan Bena· 'grass exsists -lake' lake •t base of hills, E of Wtndy Ck Meno' Tr'atr'endugee No' ~ ~ '4"''""'''~' -.·' {·,<'.\..1 f; > ~ ... ~·"·l • ~· ~~-~~ ,,, __ ,,_ .~, .~ ... ,~ ..... , •• ,.: o, :•'ii'"~.>.~ ''• ,. . .,_-- .~,~~ f( m .. ~ ~:.: .,, f~(: .. 1~};, (t '~ { :.:: .. ~{:' ,, r -.·:t- ; .~ I 1 I ; ..1 I • - ! ..... r; I ;~-~{ ~ I! ·' ;;,_. I ~~ ... ~;1 :~~ *: }: \. ,._ ... IIIII .. - '..I ... .. 1·. ' ·;Ill ' ..... -I • ~ b~ Jr.;:k -~iil ctr~g it -c::k • ~k ?}~t)J}irt~ N from Rem. Dom&, patlt Windy Ck ~-·.l..:\ft1~ r€tlft.~rrs to dr;agging out moose meat. S~tlh Chu!tlh No. 'big ridQI!'t c:l<' o.;;f,:: o,·f f Rex Domflt s~~th Chukh Bena ' ·big ridge 14\ke' 1 JtKf.,;O n!ll?a~r· Rex Dome ~~h Cht.~kh Ddhel a· "bll.g ridgw mountain' R-~x Dcune " ,I ·~" &'~thd l &ghe«t Nee 1 ekh No ' -~ ·en<;; of !ill."~ ver salmon run -c:k • 1 8\t:to?.lr CreeeS.: <possibly this i11 a sidcestream of the Teklanika, location o·f ~"B~JtUtr Creek" is ambiguous) -I Thiu i~ 5aid to be an important Jall fishing site. ~n·~~n~nuae'ode ·wner~ bridge •xtends aeross· Ferr·y .. Helem Simkin's family moved to Ferry from Knight'ti Roildhouse on the Tokl.at River in about 1930 .. H3udQ~Jl-Holmes 1979a81). The Simkin'~ trapped weut oi P~""r-y ~nd hun tiKI car"i bau at Slate Creek and Walker Dome. Sal mcm w11re Ca\U9ht o~~t. Panquinquw; Creek. I Thu ~aouthi!rn trai 1 .... st to Toklat and Elearpaw -i~y CreQk. Suveral places between the Nenana havlff b111en noted CTitus, 1982). This trail is _ I hi! 61 .. 1t.iQS' 1 -Hot mes <197~ a 90) • ~nutaQh.Wetdhon No' hits the Nenana River Just below and the Tekl.ani ka Ri vew·'Jl also described by Helen Simkin I -I I ·w~ter dries -river' Dry Creek ~ DegudS?e '!itabbing Ottt.t laktt lake' Sm1' Tron· No' ·star excrement river· -~ Suntr-ana, po'!lsibly also Healy '«no recorded name) River -I I H~aly Village and Cmmetary N.oted in Andrews 1977:406 as site NNA 13. The site of a moose fence near Healy is mentioned in Shinkwin and Case 1984:35- \<no recorded name> ' Nenana Gorge Tha site here discussed in Plaskett 1977 sugge~ts that there is good potc;.:ntial for ethnohistoric material on the middle Nenana. River·. :c'·.~ •·,;,! ·~·;~'i" r:~~")'<~::--~• ......... ·' ·~~~~ 9 ~:;. f"'l·:~1>Jket.~: '£~t<•'b\1!'5 th.lt 3rocJk5 provide'S the first. rtK:or·d tlf t.ravel tht"f ugl1 1'-lliltninrh:\ Gor·g~ in 1902o Brook'.!!! not:e'l.!i at a deep canyon on th~ Cantha~l l O'<£,;'fr<'I.Ilr\l'!l.) RiVim'i""1 "The r.umf!rou~ old camps .:And cac;:ru!t!!l showmd U!!S th.f<t tt1is:• rout~ h<i!d long been used by the Ind'i ans, bt.Jt we Wfl!re ttle fir?.> t to ll!:t:i'i~''";lY it wH:h honutt5" (1903: 465> • Eldridg~ reached the Jack River in August of 1898 and marked a house here on l"li 5 Map No. 3. He noteS~, "On both the Sushi tna and Ca11t~.,ell <Nenana) rivera, howevery in the heart of the mountains, cabins wer~ Ewen--tha i;o;l!E~ cf the Indian hunters in winter. On the Cantwell River these were p.articu' <arly nume-rous and were said to be occupied by the T.;:manas-- r·eputmd gre~<Bt hunters--who c:ame up from their valley when travel over the s:m1"1 and frozen stt~eams i'!:l rendered e.h!'ISY" 0900s27>. T~:r>ll;lntad<uu~ Na · <Ahtna, no recorded Tanana name> • vHJd::er drops -river · Van~rt Fork Also tr~avel i ng in the summer o-f 1899, Yanert de$cended the Nmnan.a tH ver to Y4nert Fork. His guide deserted htm here and he turned back ~outh. Vanert notes on trai 1 s here, "A well "''orn path l e.ads over the rH vi d~ whi c:h the guide .:t.5sured fM!! was tY.ade and u<sed by Ind i an'li going to and from the T~nan&. H~ also pointed out the frames of two Indian houses north of tha divide, ~tating that these were used by the Tanana Indians in hunting s~ason" t1900i679>. These two preceding references ~eem.be the late9t account~ of Tanana Athabaskans using this portion of the Nenana Riv~r. ln 1902 Brooks ascended the Yanert 'Fork for several day5 then turned north along a ~ida$tream and entered the Healy River valley. Hare he noted, "Our route through these mountains was one tnuc:h used by natives, a!l indicated by thmir many camps''· (1911t19). Brooks made th~ following remarks about travel to Cook Inlet by the Tanana Indi0.ns 1 "They also hav• more or less intercourse with the Indian!> of the 1Gu$Shitna, the tr,tveling between the two basins being done chiefly in tlllinter. In f~mer years the visits to Cook Inlet must have been infrequent, for lv~n Petro-ff make~ special note o-f the arrival of two Tanana Indians on Cook Inlet in 1Sb5. Petroff states that the oldest man of the coast Indians !remembered only two previous visits by the interior Indiant~ to the Inlet" f 1900a49U. !ihfl Tanana knowledge of the upper Nenana River has not been re'!!earched. atthew Titus discus!les travel through Broad Pass on TtH9. .,, .... , ·~··•'" '''f ~-.. ~. ·' •<r,"'"-'~ ·'<-'~,;;o,-._: .;:;r. •Y•.l '~~- ~~? .. - - ~ .,; .. ·; ... \.~-·~· .. ,, - ~ .. .. - - - - - - I - 18. BIBLIOGRAPHY Andr'i.i~t'>4;li''~' e::U.:!!ab~th F~ 1977. Report on the Cultural Re~ow::t'li~ o-c ,,,,,ton ft?i:~~ton 1 C~ntnd. Aliamka. Fairbanks: Cooperati v~ Par"k Studi w·t:i Un .\ t. !'kt::.a'>'>:~on4!?,l Piaper No. 5. A:"'ldr(f:l~t#~t Eliz:41berth, Chad Thompson and Peter John~ 1980. N<fttive Placa ~m~~ o-f Minto Flats and Vicinity. Fairbanks: Tanfil!na Chi ~f'!a Confenence <and Minta Vill&Q~ Council. l !tlro.ok!!l 11 Alfr€t'd H. 1'900. A Reconnaissance in theTanana and l<Jhitao Rivt'!r BB!!Hn AL:t'!\J.k,;:::~t in 1999. UBGS Annual Report No. 20. Pp. 441-469. l& .. tc.~~ Mildn!i'd and Jamtus Kari. 1975. Ahtna Noun Dictionary. F'airbank•.u ~U E!!r.ka M:nt i vm lwanguage Center. l lcarberr.y, r>iic:hael E. 1979. Patterns oof the Past: an Inventory of Anchorage'~> Vieritage Rrisourc:es.. Anchorageu The Municipality of Anchoragf!., _ Cook Inl~t Hi$toric Sites Project. 1975. Cook Inlet Region Inventory of Native Historic Sites and Cem.steries. Anchorage& C('lOk lnl~t Rmgi on, Inc:e -'de L~guna, Frederica. 1934. The Archaeology o~ Cook Inlet, Alaska. PhiladG!phia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ~ 1 de Lsguna, Frederica. n.d. Notes on Ahtna sites. Typescript. d~ LaQuna, FrQd&rica and Catherine McClellan. 1981. Ahtna. In Handbook of North American Indians, v~l. 6 1 the Subarctic, edited by June Helmw ~shingtan: the Smithsonian Institution. Pp. 641-664. ~suau•r• Peter F. and David W. Harvey. 1980. An Histor1~al Resourc~ Study of the Vald~z Creek Mining District, Alaska--1977. Anchoragec Bureau of ~I , Land Man4gernent. Eldridg~, George Homans. 1~00. A Reeonnais~a.nce in the Sushitna Basin ~nd ~ AdJacent T~rritory in 1898. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. ~argOJ, Paul. 1993. IntJsrview with Oia11e Gudgtel-Holmes. Ms. Fall 9 James A. 1981. Patterns of Upper Inlet Tanaina Leadership, r J741-1991. Ph.D. disa•rtatton, University o-f Wi•consin, Madison. _Hickok, David M. 1968. "Land and ethnic relationships." In Ala5ka Natives and the Land. Anchorage: Federal Field Committee for Development Plann1ng in Alaska. Pp. 95-285. Jette, JulQs. 1910. On the Geographical Names of the Ten·a. Ms. Gonzaga file 14, drawer 13. i<ari, James~ lf1175. "A classification of Tanaina dialects." Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 17<2>:49-53. t<ari, Jame'G. 1977a. "Linguistic diffusion between Ahtna and Tanaina." International Journal of An'IE~rican Li ngui sti cs 43:274-289. -. 'f~ ...... ··~~~.''. ,.,., -:.."~'f'•;t i-f l 'I "i!i • t, ~"'·~ ( c,•·)o~.,-,~ ':' '•'• <:~;;•.--~".'•""•,"' (5 I *'~ K£H"j_ w J<!!u~~~-19'77. D>.ln~ 'irl.m Noun Dictl.on~ry. F&irb.:sn~-:~: i.Uae;ka N.))t i vi® Li:ingua~g~ C~iter. l<<e1r·.: .• ,J~~fi~ t~7S. Th~ Heritage of Eklutna: Mike~ Alt:ex, 1909·-1977. ~!dtd:n<:u S:klutn<1l-A1S?.x Associates .. "} ~~ K~r·t~ JS~mes. 1982. DC!!'na·tna Placet Names in the T.alkaet.na Study Ar~a. In Cu!tw~·~l Resource As5eu~ment: Part One: Talkeetna-Lower Su~itn~ Riv~r Bagin; f.:H~n S,mccn, editor. Report to the u.s.D.A. Soil Con;servation S~ntic:m .. Fairb•nks: Alaskarctic. Pp. 16-65. Kl!lrli. "} ,)a.fnl!ia. 1993~ Ahtna PI ac:e Namets Lists. Fai rbanks• Copper River Nt!ti vt~ As~oci~tion and Ala~ka Native Language Center. K~ri9 J~~~~ 1995. Athabaskan place names in the Fairbanks area. New Riv~r Tim~wv February .. K~ri, James and Pri6cilla Russell Kari. 1982. Dena'ina E~nena, Tanaina Countrya Fairbanks: Alaska Native Langu•ge Center. Kari, Priscilla Russell. 1977. Oena'tn.a K'et'una, Tanaina Plantlore. Anchorage: Adult Literacy Laboratory. K1~.rtu'lSS, Michael E.. 1974a. Nativa Peoples ancf Languages of Alaska, <map>. F~irbank'i!: Alaska Native Language Center. Revised in 1982. - - .,.j ·~-'} :~ '> ~ ""< ·~> :.t 1 ·-~ ~ i'io.,. ~.>i , ' ~ ii" V' t .. · IIIIi ~· t t~ t I ~;' Kraus5t Michael E. 1974b. Minto-Nenana Athabaskan Noun Dictionar·y. Al&ska Native Language Center. Fairbanks:l- Learnard, HbG. 1900. A trip ~~om Portage Bay to Turnagain Arm and up the Sushitna. In Compilations of Narratives of the Exploration of Alaska. Wa~hington: u.s. Government Printing Office. Pp. 64S-o77. Mathys 9 Frederick. 1900. Up the Chickaloon and Down the Talkeetna. In Compilations of Narratives of the Exploration of Alaska. Washington& U.S. Govorment Printing O~~ice. Pp. 679-61. HcKennan, Robert A. Tanana. In Handbook of North American Indian•, Vol 6, th• Subarctic, edited by June Helm. Washington D.C.; The Smithsongian tn~tituion. Pp. S62-577. Moffit, Frad H. 1904. Map, drawn by local Ahtna-Denaina, inside front cov~r o~ fi&ld notebook *89. UGSS archives, Menlo Park. Moffit, Fred H. 1912, Headwater Regions of Gulkana and Su~tina River~ Ala3ka. Washinotont USGS Bulletin 498. Moffit, Fred H. 1915. The Broad P~~5 Region, Alaska. Wa$hingtan: USGS Bulletin 608. Ot="th, Donald J. 1971. Dictionary o.f Alaska Place Names. Wa.shin~;Jton, O.C.: Gt~ol ogical Surv&y Professoi nal Paper 567. 1 Qsqood, Cornelius. 1937. The Ethnography of th~ TClncuna. New Haven: V&le University Publications in Anthropologyt No. 16. ,, .... ,~ 'l ··.:...-, ·-,-~..,,.~~"~"! "'.~_ . .., .. ..., ... o •• .,,,. !"~·lr"'')" • I -·· f' i ~ k f- - - - - - - - - - ~.:;:·~!~e\:"f~~-~n;;~·;t.,;;P;pr.A.?i:t~~·.· .• ~~-~·}'::;,;':::~ :<--.~~ ::.t.:::<" •r:.,_"'--<if-,!.,'!~c<" -...... • . ..;.:%. :-·./~·;-"} • .-~, .. : ~-· . ..,·:'0..•'~~ ... ~-~~~,,..;,~,,·~·;·~·. , .. ~·; ~~ ..... _.. · : . ..: . -~.··· -~... ·•·"~:·._-· ·.;~·;t'·· ,~·:-_,,.,.:~ ~· ,.,, J. 99 p,~t.('J'~' Sh4"Wh '-975. Sugitnu Htsukdu'a <Susitn.:~ Story>. Ft.d.Fb.-ink?q A!a~ka N~1t: i v<i'l' L<ilfliJUC.~E!.' Cmnt.f!lr. Puce~ Bhem. 1977. Diqelam Tukda: Th~ Story of a Tanaina Chief. Fo'H r-ho.nksu Ala~ktl!l Nati "" l.anguag«!l Center. P\e'tCJt~ 1960~ Cn·anq!l!t•1 A Woma From the Talkeatnll Mount.:u.ns. M~. f4l.st~ka i·1~C\~i··~ L.anguagea Cfiti'1ter. f"ti."tiil'r"1i;;, Het1ry -and Jennie. 1977. Nay'nadei:-i I'ghaan Dghat'att~n'den, The Wear· '"t Nay'n.;adel-i~ F~irban!<~u Alaska Nativs Lc:mguage Center. P~trof~~ Ivan. 1900. The Popul ... don and Resc:n . .trt..eHs o-f Alaska, 1860. In Compilation of Narratives of Explor·ations of Alaska. Washinc;~tor1: U.S. Governme,t Printing Offic&. Pp. 55-285. Plaskett, D. C.. 1977. The Nenana Gorge Site: a Late Prehi !St·.oric: Athapa~kan C~mpsite in Central Alaska. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, University of Ala~ka, Fairbanks .. R~ger, Douglas R. 1978. Willow-Wasilla -Lower Susitna River Basin. In Cultural Resource Assessment: Part One2 Talkeetna-Lower Susitna Riv~r Basin; -~ Glenn Bacon, editor. Report to the U.S.O.A. Soil Con~ervation Service. .... - Fairbanks' Alaskarctic. Pp. 1-22. Sc.:hneider-1 William., Dianne Gudel-Holmes, and John Oalle-Molle. to .:appe.;u··. Land use in the North Additions of Denali National Park and Prem~rve; an Htstoric~l Perspective. M.S. draft. TantJy, JJ!lke. 1982. Upper Susitna map. Ms. Alaska Nativ~ Language Center. Titus~ r-tatthew. 1991. Notes on Tanana places with Jim KarL Ms. Ala ... ka Native Language Center. Townsendt JoAn. 1991. Tanaina. In Handbook of American Indians, Volume 6• Subarctic, edited by June Helm. Pp. 623-641 • Reckard, Holly. 1993. Where Raven Stood, Cultural Resources of the Ahtna Region. Fairbanksz Cooperative Parks Studie~ Unit. W~st, Constance F. the Ahtna region. 1973. An inventory of trails and habitation site~ in Typescript. Wrangell, Ferdinand Petrovich. 1839. Russian America, Statistical and Ethnographic Information. Translated from the German eddition of 1839 by M~ry Sadouski. Edited by Richard Pierce. Kingston: the Limestone Pre$s. Yanert, W. 1900. A Trip to the Tanana River. In Ccmpil~tton of Narratives of Explorations of Alaska. Washinqton: U.S. Government Printing Office. Pp. 677-679. ·A' t