HomeMy WebLinkAboutAvailability of Biomass Fuels on AHTNA Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages Nov 2011AVAILABILITY OF BIOMASS FUELS ON
AHTNA LANDS
GAKONA, GULKANA AND TAZLINA
VILLAGES
By
Douglas Hanson, Inventory Forester
State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources
Division of Forestry Northern Region
3700 Airport Way
Fairbanks, Alaska 99709
November, 2011
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Executive Summary................................................................................................................. 1
II. Objectives................................................................................................................................ 3
III. Methods................................................................................................................................... 3
IV. Results ..................................................................................................................................... 5
A. Forest Volume Definitions................................................................................................... 5
B. Inventory Volume by Species.............................................................................................. 7
C. Defect Estimates by Species................................................................................................ 9
D. Inventory Volume by Strata................................................................................................. 9
E. Inventory Volume of Sapling Size Trees........................................................................... 12
F. Sustained Yield Analysis................................................................................................... 13
V. Economic Availability of Sustainable Biomass Fuels........................................................... 15
A. Current Delivered Costs..................................................................................................... 15
B. Biomass Volume for Five Working Circles....................................................................... 15
C. Annual Biomass Yield for Five Working Circles.............................................................. 16
VI. Literature Cited...................................................................................................................... 23
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Inventory volume and acreage summary......................................................................... 1
Table 2. Land cover key................................................................................................................. 4
Table 3. Volume strata and acreage................................................................................................ 5
Table 4. Volume formulas by species for poletimber and sawtimber size classes......................... 6
Table 5. Inventory species and weight for poletimber and sawtimber........................................... 7
Table 6. Total net volume across all strata. .................................................................................... 7
Table 7. Volume summary by size class and species across strata................................................. 8
Table 8. Cubic foot defect estimates by species............................................................................. 9
Table 9. Volume by stratum and species...................................................................................... 10
Table 10. Inventory sapling species and weight regression equations. ........................................ 12
Table 11. Volume summary by stratum and sapling species 2” - 4.9” dbh.................................. 13
Table 12. Sustained yield estimate, total timberland area. ........................................................... 14
Table 13. Delivered costs and mileage for firewood sources....................................................... 15
Table 14. Growth and mortality estimates, total timberland area................................................. 18
Table 15. Gulkana area working circle operable acreage and volume......................................... 19
Table 16. Gulkana area working circle annual volume availability. ............................................ 20
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Project area map.............................................................................................................. 2
Figure 2. Percent of total net cubic foot volume by strata.............................................................. 9
Figure 3. Timberland area by strata.............................................................................................. 11
Figure 4. Sustained yield comparison between strata, total timberland area................................ 14
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
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Figure 5. Ten mile circles and operable forestland around Gulkana............................................ 17
Figure 6. Delivered price per cord by working circle radius........................................................ 19
Figure 7. Delivered price per green ton by working circle radius................................................ 20
Figure 8. Cumulative volume availability by radii to Gulkana. ................................................... 21
Figure 9. Supply curve for fuelwood in cords to Gulkana............................................................ 21
Figure 10. Supply curve for fuelwood in green tons to Gulkana.................................................. 22
APPENDICES
Appendix A Acres by Vegetation Type and Strata.....................................................................A-1
Appendix B Volume Per Acre and Total Volume by Stratum, Species and Size Class............. B-1
Appendix C Stand Tables Per Acre by Stratum and Species...................................................... C-1
Appendix D Diameter/Height Relationships..............................................................................D-1
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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The inventory of timber and biomass resources on Ahtna lands for the villages of Gakona,
Gulkana and Tazlina has been initiated to support potential development of biomass energy
systems in this rural area of Alaska. Through funding provided by the Alaska Energy Authority
and State Division of Forestry, an updated timber and biomass inventory has been conducted
using vegetation cover data from previous forest inventories conducted for the villages by the
Tanana Chiefs Conference Forestry Program (TCC). The area of individual timber types has
been combined with recent volume per acre estimates produced from a State of Alaska forest
inventory conducted on state forest classified lands near Glennallen. The inventory provides
digital detailed stand type maps and volume data that are available within a Geographic
Information System. The volume data primarily has been generated from timber stand data
collected in September, 2009.
Inventory Area Land Classification
Acres
Timberland 92,163
Dwarf Forests 92,289
Non-Forest
Total Inventory Area: 234,662
50,210
Timberland Area by Timber Type Size Class
Sawtimber 739
Mixed Sawtimber/Poletimber 1,258
Poletimber 58,480
Reproduction
Total Timberland Area: 92,163
31,686
Timberland Area by Timber Type Species Class
White Spruce 35,417
Black Spruce/White Spruce 31,686
Aspen 13,486
White Spruce/Aspen 10,316
White Spruce/Balsam Poplar
Total Timberland Area: 92,163
1,258
Total Net Volume
Cubic Feet (>5”dbh) Tons (>5”dbh) Board Feet (>9”dbh)
71,819,616 1,303,756 112,202,361
Table 1. Inventory volume and acreage summary.
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Figure 1. Project area map.
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II. OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to provide reliable forest inventory data to assist in determining
the feasibility of proposed biomass development projects in the central Ahtna region. The
village of Gulkana is currently operating a central wood-fired biomass system and small pellet
producing machine and is proposing to increase the size and scope of its biomass operation.
Tazlina is in the pre-feasibility stage of determining an appropriately scaled biomass system for
its health building. There are also biomass proposals in this area for the Glennallen school
system as well as Kenny Lake. Determination of an operable land base, sustainable harvest rate
and harvest scheduling all require accurate volume data and geographically referenced spatial
locations of individual stands. This data, both in spatial and tabular form can be used to assess
the availability of timber and biomass resources and determine economic viability of proposed
harvest development activities. It is likely that the proposed biomass development projects will
source biomass from state lands as well as Ahtna owned lands. The forest inventory on Ahtna
lands has been stratified in the same manner as the State of Alaska forest inventory conducted
near Glennallen (Hanson, 2010). Thus the two inventories can provide compatible data on a
large forested land base in the Copper River Basin.
The inventory on Ahtna lands for the villages of Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina provide the
following items useful for development and planning:
Geographically referenced stand polygons.
Acreage determination of forest cover.
Identification of potentially operable areas.
Biomass sustainability data to evaluate potential project development.
Biomass resource information to supplement statewide energy atlas data.
III. METHODS
Forest inventory projects were conducted by the Tanana Chiefs Conference Forestry Program on
Ahtna lands for Gakona in 1989, Tazlina in 1990 and Gulkana in 1991. The original forest
inventory reports are available on the Tanana Chiefs Conference website (http://www.tanana
chiefs.org/forestry.shtm). Vegetation type maps were created for these projects based on photo
interpretation of 1980-1984 high altitude color infrared aerial photography. Vegetation type
boundaries were transferred onto topographic base maps and digitized but utilized a very early
version of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) software. This data
unfortunately was not able to be viewed in the current version of ESRI’s ArcGIS suite of
software products. To create an updated GIS coverage, the original mylar timber type maps
were scanned into raster images and converted into vector-based GIS layers using the ArcScan
extension. Vegetation types for the three villages were merged into a seamless coverage and
ownership boundaries adjusted for current status of Ahtna owned lands. The acreage of the
individual vegetation types was recalculated and forms the basis of area measurements for this
report.
In an effort to update the volume figures used in the old inventories, forest inventory field data
information collected in 2009 as part of the state’s Copper River Basin forest inventory was used
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
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for the new volume per acre figures. This update was deemed necessary due to significant
changes in forest types due to spruce bark beetle damage that occurred in the mid 90s. This
damage occurred after field sampling took place in the earlier inventories. The updated
inventory numbers also include seedling/sapling sized trees (less than five inches diameter breast
height) that were sampled with a fixed plot in addition to the variable plot sampling system used
for trees greater than five inches. This additional sampling of the smaller trees provides a more
accurate estimate of seedling/sapling size class which could potentially be used for biomass.
The individual vegetation types were assigned to the most closely matched volume strata as
defined in the Copper River Basin inventory (Appendix A). The inventory contains eight
separate sample strata for which estimates of gross and net volume per acre have been calculated
(Appendix B). Total inventory volume was calculated by multiplying the average per acre
volume figures for each stratum by the number of acres each sample stratum represents. These
calculations were performed in a Microsoft Access database and utilize the GIS acreage figures.
Output reports written in Access display stand attributes from the associated database tables and
queries.
LAND COVER KEY
SPECIES CALLS
Forestland Shrubland
S White Spruce TS Tall Shrub/Willow/Alder/Other
BS Black Spruce DS Low Shrub/Bog Birch/Other
CW Cottonwood (bottomland sites) Tu Tundra (Herb/Sedge/Grass)
H Hardwood (Aspen/Birch/Cottonwood)
Wetland Special Cover Types
W Lakes/Ponds Ba Bare Ground/Gravel Bar
B Bog/Herbaceous Species Cu(95) Cultural/Village
DSw Low Shrub Wet/Bog Birch/Other Cu(98) Cultural/Road/Airstrips
in seasonably wet area Br Recently Burned Area
TSw Tall Shrub Wet/Willow/Alder/Other
in seasonably wet area
STAND DESCRIPTOR CALLS
S Sawtimber >9.0 inches DBH
P Poletimber 5.0 inches to 8.9 inches DBH
R Reproduction < 5.0 inches DBH
D Dwarf < 25 feet at maturity
STAND DENSITY CALLS
1 10-24% Calls are based
2 25-59% on crown closure
3 60-100% percent.
Table 2. Land cover key.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
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Strata
Number Strata Description Acres
1 White Spruce Sawtimber 739
2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed 19,365
3 White Spruce Poletimber Open 15,313
4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed 1,691
5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open 29,995
6 Aspen Poletimber Closed 13,486
7 White Spruce-Aspen Poletimber 10,316
8 White Spruce-Balsam Poplar 1,258
Total 92,163
Table 3. Volume strata and acreage.
IV. RESULTS
Inventory volume is reported in the tables below and uses the volume strata of the state’s Copper
River Basin inventory. Thus the per acre values for each stratum reported for the Ahtna lands
are the same as for the state’s inventory. Only the overall volume estimates have changed
because individual strata acreages are different.
The inventory land classification acreage shown in Table 1 indicates similar areas of timberland
forests and dwarf forest (92,163 acres and 92,289 acres respectively). Dwarf forests generally
comprise black spruce stands that are less than 25 feet tall at maturity. These stands are
considered non-commercial even for the use of biomass and do not have a volume estimate.
This ratio of timberland to dwarf forest however is significantly less than in the Copper River
Basin inventory even though the geographic land form and forested areas are relatively similar.
This discrepancy is mainly a factor of the timber typing process of the earlier TCC inventories
where a stereoscope was used to interpret 1:63,360 scale aerial photos. In this manner of
interpreting, it was difficult to differentiate between dwarf trees and the somewhat better timber
contained within the reproduction types of strata 4 and 5. These strata are considered to contain
useable biomass. The Copper River Basin inventory utilized automated object based image
classification software as well as Summit Evolution stereo viewing software and was able to
differentiate between dwarf forests and the better reproduction types. If a similar ratio of
timberland forests to dwarf forests in the Copper River Basin inventory (69% timberland, 31%
dwarf) was applied to the Ahtna inventory then there potentially could be an additional 35,108
acres of timberland in the inventory that likely will fall within strata 4 and 5.
A. Forest Volume Definitions
Estimates of timber volume on forested lands have been calculated with three different
measurements; cubic foot volume, board foot volume and green tons. The cubic foot
measurement includes all timber greater than or equal to five inches dbh and is divided among
the live and dead poletimber and sawtimber components of the forest. The board foot
measurement is commonly used to determine the amount of lumber that can be sawn from a log.
Because the measurement is based on actual boards that can be sawn from a log, it disregards all
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material wasted in the process such as slabs and sawdust. The board foot measurement only
includes timber equal to or greater than 9 inches dbh.
Volume calculations for both cubic and board foot measurements are based on volume equations
produced for Interior Alaska; U.S. Forest Service research notes NOR-5, NOR-6 and PNW-59.
Board foot volume is reported in Scribner Decimal C scale and is based on 16-foot log segments
(short log scale). For spruce it is reported to a 6-inch top (PNW-59) and for hardwoods to an 8-
inch top (NOR-5). Cubic volume is reported in Smalian’s rule and for spruce and hardwoods
includes volume to a 4-inch top (NOR-6). Both live and dead volume is reported. Dead volume
includes recently dead trees estimated to have died within the last 16 years. This time period
coincides with the spruce bark beetle outbreak.
Volume
Formula
Name
Volume Unit Species Formula
NOR-6 Cubic Foot 4-
inch Top
White and
Black Spruce
(-2.055)+0.2982*(dbh)+0.00181*(dbh)^2*ht
NOR-6 Cubic 4-inch
Top
Birch (-2.5767)+0.9524*(dbh)-0.10446*(dbh)^2-
0.03303*(ht)+0.00282*(dbh)^2*(ht)
NOR-6 Cubic 4-inch
Top
Aspen (-0.5553)-0.02216*dbh^2+0.00246*dbh^2*ht
NOR-6 Cubic 4-inch
Top
Balsam Poplar (-3.2187)+0.8281*(dbh)-0.05908*(dbh)^2-
0.01985*(ht)+0.00199*(dbh)^2*(ht)
PNW-59 Board Foot
Scribner 6-inch
Top
White and
Black Spruce
39.71+4.2659*dbh-0.55865*dbh^2-
1.1184*ht+0.016113*dbh^2*ht-437.92/dbh^2
NOR-5 Board Foot
Scribner 8-inch
Top
Birch and
Aspen
(-27.263)+0.00995*dbh^2*ht
NOR-5 Board Foot
Scribner 8-inch
Top
Balsam Poplar (-46.7415)+0.00956*dbh^2*ht
Table 4. Volume formulas by species for poletimber and sawtimber size classes.
Computation of green tons was derived from weight ratios produced for Alaska wood species
(Sturgeon 1979.Wood As A Fuel.). Wood As A Fuel lists the weight of green cord wood which
can be converted into pounds per cubic foot. The inventory cubic foot values are converted to
green tons using these ratios (table 5). A cord of wood is assumed to contain 90 cubic feet of
solid wood.
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Species Pounds per Cubic Foot
White Spruce 34
Black Spruce 34
Birch 50
Aspen 43
Balsam Poplar 43
Table 5. Inventory species and weight for poletimber and sawtimber.
B. Inventory Volume by Species
Table 6 lists volume by tree species across all timber types. When the entire volume by species
is summed, a grand total of 718,196 net cunits (1 cunit=100 cubic feet=1 CCF) is present. If this
total is divided by the timberland area of 92,163 acres, then overall there is 779 net cubic feet per
acre. Similarly, overall there are 14.15 net tons per acre and 1,217 net board feet per acre. The
values for cubic feet and tons are reported for trees equal to or greater than five inches dbh.
Board foot values are reported for trees equal to or greater than nine inches dbh (MBF=1,000
board feet).Table 7 reports inventory volume by species and size class across all timber types.
The sawtimber size class comprises 39% of the total net cubic volume or about 280,000 cunits.
The poletimber size class comprises 61% of the total net cubic volume or about 438,000 cunits.
Dead sawtimber trees mostly killed from bark beetles comprise 18% of the total sawtimber net
cubic volume.
Species
Net CUFT
Per Acre
Total Net
CUNITS
Net Tons
Per Acre
Total Net
Tons
Net BDFT
Per Acre
Total Net
MBF
Aspen 182 167,390 3.90 359,889 67 6,155
Balsam Poplar 15 13,648 0.32 29,343 40 3,702
Birch 2 1,694 0.05 4,234 1 134
Black Spruce 41 38,154 0.70 64,861 2 211
White Spruce 540 497,311 9.17 845,428 1,107 102,000
Total 779 718,196 14.15 1,303,756 1,217 112,202
Table 6. Total net volume across all strata.
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Gross
Cunits Net Cunits
Gross
Tons Net Tons
Gross
MBF
Net
MBF
Saw
Live
Aspen 31,368 29,843 67,441 64,162 6,430 6,155
Balsam
Poplar 11,938 10,805 25,666 23,230 4,126 3,702
Birch 1,063 850 2,657 2,126 168 134
Black Spruce 543 391 924 666 264 211
White Spruce 199,061 188,278 338,404 320,073 85,925 81,095
Total 243,973 230,167 435,092 410,257 96,913 91,297
Saw
Dead
White Spruce 58,823 49,717 99,999 84,519 24,878 20,905
Total 58,823 49,717 99,999 84,519 24,878 20,905
Pole
Live
Aspen 140,565 137,548 302,214 295,728
Balsam
Poplar 4,442 2,843 9,550 6,112
Birch 1,054 843 2,636 2,108
Black Spruce 35,185 32,937 59,814 55,993
White Spruce 241,637 237,786 410,783 404,236
Total 422,883 411,957 784,997 764,177
Pole
Dead
Black Spruce 5,232 4,825 8,894 8,202
White Spruce 22,872 21,530 38,882 36,601
Total 28,104 26,355 47,776 44,803
Grand Total
753,783 718,196 1,367,864 1,303,756 121,791 112,202
Table 7. Volume summary by size class and species across strata.
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C. Defect Estimates by Species
Defect renders portions of individual trees unusable or of very limited use as forest products due
to insect damage, rot and physical damage such as broken stems, sweep and crook. The net
volumes shown however do not take into account all defects because hidden defect has not been
estimated. Visible defect is the difference between gross and net volume. Visible defect
percentage by species is shown in table 8.
Species
Gross Cubic
Feet/Acre
Net Cubic
Feet/Acre
Percent
Defect
Aspen 187 182 2.6
Balsam Poplar 18 15 16.7
Birch 2 2 20.0
Black Spruce 44 41 6.9
White Spruce 567 540 4.8
Totals 818 779 4.7
Table 8. Cubic foot defect estimates by species.
D. Inventory Volume by Strata
Timber inventory results by stratum and species are shown in figure 2 and table 9. Detailed
results by stratum are contained in appendices B and C.
Figure 2. Percent of total net cubic foot volume by strata.
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Net
CUFT
Per Acre
Total Net
CUNITS
Net Tons
Per Ac.
Total Net
Tons
Net
BDFT Per
Acre
Total
Net
MBF
Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber = 739 Acres
Aspen 0 0 0 0 2 1
Balsam Poplar 10 75 0 161 21 15
Black Spruce 9 65 0 110
White Spruce 1,661 12,273 28 20,864 4,856 3,588
Totals 1,680 12,413 28 21,135 4,879 3,604
Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed = 19,365 Acres
Balsam Poplar 29 5,626 1 12,097 116 2,253
Black Spruce 94 18,156 2 30,865 11 211
White Spruce 1,120 216,923 19 368,770 2,334 45,187
Totals 1,243 240,705 22 411,732 2,461 47,651
Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open = 15,313 Acres
Black Spruce 51 7,797 1 13,255
White Spruce 904 138,385 15 235,255 2,197 33,639
Totals 955 146,182 16 248,510 2,197 33,639
Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed = 1,691 Acres
Black Spruce 224 3,790 4 6,443
White Spruce 106 1,794 2 3,049 78 132
Totals 330 5,584 6 9,492 78 132
Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open = 29,995 Acres
Black Spruce 12 3,578 0 6,082
White Spruce 86 25,713 1 43,711 119 3,575
Totals 98 29,291 1 49,793 119 3,575
Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber = 13,486 Acres
Aspen 976 131,651 21 283,051 383 5,171
Balsam Poplar 0 11 0 23
White Spruce 260 35,066 4 59,612 463 6,240
Totals 1,236 166,728 25 342,686 846 11,411
Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber = 10,316 Acres
Aspen 344 35,451 7 76,220 95 983
Birch 16 1,694 0 4,234 13 134
Black Spruce 46 4,768 1 8,106
White Spruce 614 63,349 10 107,693 899 9,276
Totals 1,020 105,262 18 196,253 1,007 10,393
Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar = 1,258 Acres
Aspen 23 288 0 618
Balsam Poplar 631 7,936 14 17,061 1,140 1,434
White Spruce 303 3,808 5 6,473 288 362
Totals 957 12,032 19 24,152 1,428 1,796
Grand Total 718,196 1,303,756 112,202
Table 9. Volume by stratum and species.
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Figure 3. Timberland area by strata.
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E. Inventory Volume of Sapling Size Trees
Inventory volume results have been calculated for the sapling component to determine the
tonnage of this material that may be available as a biomass resource. These values represent the
total above ground portion of the tree including branches and needles and use equations
published for Interior Alaska tree species (Yarie 2007. Aboveground Biomass Equations for the
Trees of Interior Alaska.) White spruce and black spruce equations (table 10) were applied to
regeneration diameter and height data to get an estimate of available tons. These equations were
compared to wood chip weight recovery data conducted in Tok by the Division of Forestry, Tok
Area Office for similar species and size classes. Work continues in Tok to increase the size of
the weight recovery dataset and improve accuracy. Due to inaccuracies in projecting weight of
very small trees, the equations were only applied to trees with diameters between two and 4.9
inches dbh.
Species Sapling Aboveground Weight in Pounds
White
Spruce,
Birch,
Aspen
Balsam
Poplar
((8628.215*(dbh*2.54))+525.26667*(dbh*2.54)2
Black
Spruce
+6320.94097*(Ht*0.3048))/453.59237)
((2454.230*(Ht*0.3048))/453.59237)
Table 10. Inventory sapling species and weight regression equations.
As can be expected, the highest tons per acre values are in the reproduction strata where a greater
number of trees less than 5 inches are present. Both strata 4 and 5 contain a significantly higher
amount of tonnage in trees less than 5 inches dbh than in trees greater than 5 inches. Depending
on accessibility, these stands could be a source of biomass material. If tonnage of sapling,
poletimber and sawtimber tree sizes is combined stratum 4 contains 17 tons per acre and stratum
5 contains 7 tons per acre.
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Trees/Acre Tons/Acre
Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber
Black Spruce 18 0
White Spruce 95 1
Total Trees Per Acre 114 1
Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed
Black Spruce 78 1
White Spruce 189 3
Total Trees Per Acre 267 4
Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open
Balsam Poplar 5 0
Black Spruce 40 0
White Spruce 155 1
Total Trees Per Acre 200 1
Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed
Black Spruce 617 10
White Spruce 50 1
Total Trees Per Acre 667 11
Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open
Black Spruce 267 4
White Spruce 167 2
Total Trees Per Acre 433 6
Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber
Aspen 130 3
White Spruce 50 1
Total Trees Per Acre 180 4
Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber
Aspen 38 0
Black Spruce 75 2
White Spruce 138 2
Total Trees Per Acre 250 4
Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar
Aspen 20 0
Balsam Poplar 100 1
White Spruce 180 2
Total Trees Per Acre 300 2
Table 11. Volume summary by stratum and sapling species 2” - 4.9” dbh.
F. Sustained Yield Analysis
Estimates of sustained yield for the entire Ahtna inventory project area have been made to guide
future management decisions. The estimates in this analysis only include the timberland acreage
and have been calculated using area control, which divides the acreage of each stratum by the
rotation age. White spruce and mixed white spruce types use a rotation age of 120 years, which
includes 10 years for establishment. The aspen timber type uses a rotation of 80 years, which
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
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includes 10 years for establishment. An annual allowable harvest of 824 acres per year has been
calculated for this area. There has been no acreage reductions made for operability concerns.
Volume estimates use the current strata volume per acre and do not account for growth in the
stands over the rotation period. Estimates of economic sustainable yield based on growth rates
and accessible acreage are shown in Section V.
Strata Description Acres
Rota
-tion
Acres
/Yr.
Net
CF/
Ac.
Net
CF/Yr.
Net
Tons
/Ac.
Net
Tons/
Yr.
Net
BF/
Ac.
Net
BF/Yr.
1 Ws Saw 739 120 6 1,680 10,346 28 172 4,879 30,047
2 Ws Pole Closed 19,365 120 161 1,243 200,589 22 3,550 2,461 397,144
3 Ws Pole Open 15,313 120 128 955 121,866 16 2,042 2,197 280,356
4
Bs-Ws Repro
Closed 1,691 120 14 330 4,650 6 85 78 1,099
5
Bs-Ws Repro
Open 29,995 120 250 98 24,496 1 250 119 29,745
6 Aspen Pole 13,486 80 169 1,236 208,359 25 4,214 846 142,614
7 Ws-As Pole 10,316 120 86 1,020 87,686 18 1,547 1,007 86,568
8 Ws-Bp 1,258 120 10 957 10,033 19 199 1,428 14,970
Totals 92,163 824 668,025 12,060 982,543
Species Totals
Aspen 194,343 4,142 72,743
Balsam Poplar 11,356 308 30,800
Birch 1,375 0 1,118
Black Spruce 31,843 593 1,775
White Spruce 429,107 7,017 876,107
Totals 668,025 12,060 982,543
Table 12. Sustained yield estimate, total timberland area.
Figure 4. Sustained yield comparison between strata, total timberland area.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
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V. ECONOMIC AVAILABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE BIOMASS
FUELS
The economic availability of biomass was examined in context to the village of Gulkana where
the expansion of biomass use is proposed with additional small sized pellet and hammer mills.
There are also biomass projects in consideration for Tazlina, Kenny Lake and Glennallen. By
conducting an analysis of economic availability the supply of biomass can be further evaluated to
help ensure that individual biomass project proposals are sustainable over the long term. This is
especially important in Alaska because there is little urban, logging residue or wood
manufacturing wood waste available as a supplemental biomass resource. For the most part, the
biomass supply for these projects will consist of harvested firewood, commercial grade timber
and some wood made available from hazard fuel reduction clearings. When biomass is used in
this form it is referred to as “fuelwood”. This is the most expensive of biomass sources (Ashton
et al. 2008. Woody Biomass Desk Guide and Toolkit). This supply scenario is quite different
than the Lower 48 where biomass projects generally rely on a combination of urban wood waste,
mill waste and logging residues.
A. Current Delivered Costs
Delivered firewood costs and distance to current supply sources were researched for the
Glennallen and Kenny Lake areas for the Copper River Basin inventory. Currently the wood
harvests are mostly from State of Alaska timber sales. Delivered prices and distances shown in
Table 13 are from timber sales located at mile 166 of the Glenn Highway. Firewood is hauled
and delivered from the harvest site in 8-foot lengths. The timber sale area is in the vicinity of
Tolsona Creek which is located on some of the closest state forest lands to Glennallen.
Delivery
Location
Delivered
Price Per
Cord
Cord
Configuration
Haul Distance In
Road Miles
Working Circle
Radius In Miles
Glennallen $180 8 Foot
Lengths
23 21
Kenny Lake $200 8 Foot
Lengths
64 47
Table 13. Delivered costs and mileage for firewood sources.
B. Biomass Volume for Five Working Circles
Delivered firewood costs are highly correlated to haul distances. Generally to accurately
ascertain the feasibility of a particular biomass project, harvest operation areas defined in
working circles can be analyzed for volume quantity, geographic availability and cost of wood.
Although the delivered cost and current working circle radius from the two communities to the
mile 166 harvest site has been determined, calculating the economic availability of biomass fuels
in an entire working circle is difficult because of lack of established infrastructure and barriers to
adding new infrastructure. Major barriers to access include the Trans Alaska Pipeline and the
numerous incised river systems. To provide a more realistic calculation of the economic
availability of biomass, timberland area within the working circles has been reduced to show the
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
16
potential operable areas. Figure 5 illustrates five 5-mile working circles with operable
timberland areas identified surrounding Gulkana. The operable area was reduced from the total
project area by eliminating areas east of the Copper River and south of the Tazlina River where
ice bridge requirements and steep bluffs limit access. The northwest area near Ewan Lake was
also eliminated due to extensive winter road access. These areas can be refined through GIS
analysis. Operable acreage and volume by stratum for the five 5-mile working circles are shown
in table 15. Established delivered costs to Gulkana were interpolated to calculate delivered cost
per cord by working circle radius mileage (figure 6). These values were converted to a green ton
basis in figure 7 by applying the pounds per cubic foot spruce conversion factor (34
pounds/cubic foot).
C. Annual Biomass Yield for Five Working Circles
Volume availability on an annual basis was determined by utilizing the percent growth rates
listed by strata in the Copper River Basin inventory (table 14). In its simplest form, if timber
harvest is equivalent to projected growth, then the harvest would be considered sustainable over
the long term. The annual volume availability then is determined by multiplying the live volume
within the individual operable working circles by net growth percentage rates by strata.
The delivered cost information was then applied to the operable available volume to develop
supply curves in cords and tons for Gulkana. For this analysis it is assumed that delivered cost
per cord is equivalent to a cunit basis (i.e. $/cord=$/cunit).
Utilizing the maximum radius of 25 miles, a sustainable volume of approximately 7,500 cords
would be available for Gulkana on an annual basis. This volume could be available at a cost of
about $200.00 per cord. It should be noted that delivered fuelwood costs are based on current
retail rates for the Glennallen area. If suppliers were contracted to deliver to a single location at
a fixed price and volume guarantee, it is likely that the delivered cost would be lower than stated
here.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
17
Figure 5. Ten mile circles and operable forestland around Gulkana.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
18
%
Annual
Growth
%
Annual
Mortality
%
Annual
Net
Growth
CF Per
Acre
Per
Year
Growth
Total
Annual
Net
Growth
Cunits
Tons
Per
Acre
Per
Year
Growth
Annual
Net
Growth
Tons
Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber
2.57% 1.64% 0.93% 12 91 0.20 156
Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed
2.23% 1.26% 0.97% 10 1,938 0.17 3,318
Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open
1.91% 1.63% 0.28% 2 324 0.03 551
Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed
0.98% 0.00% 0.98% 3 55 0.05 93
Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open
1.79% 0.00% 1.79% 2 524 0.02 891
Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber
3.94% 0.00% 3.94% 49 6569 1.02 13502
Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber
2.85% 0.13% 2.72% 27 2806 0.52 5240
Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar
3.21% 0.04% 3.17% 30 379 0.6 762
Total Live Volume
2.66% 0.85% 1.81% 13 11622 0.23 21,257
Table 14. Growth and mortality estimates, total timberland area.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
19
0-5 Miles 5-10 Miles 10-15 Miles
Stratum Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons
1 126 2,112 3,519 53 889 1,482 128 2,150 3,583
2 3,692 45,896 81,233 4,127 51,297 90,791 3,286 40,845 72,292
3 3,272 31,251 52,357 2,795 26,689 44,715 2,422 23,129 38,751
4 105 346 629 477 1,573 2,859 848 2,799 5,090
5 1,492 1,462 1,492 2,116 2,073 2,116 4,993 4,893 4,993
6 2,720 33,613 67,988 2,350 29,044 58,747 1,951 24,114 48,775
7 2,108 21,500 37,940 2,176 22,193 39,163 1,681 17,147 30,259
8 409 3,917 7,777 82 781 1,550 124 1,189 2,361
13,924 140,096 252,935 14,174 134,539 241,423 15,434 116,268 206,105
15-20 Miles 20-25 Miles Totals
Stratum Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons Acres Cunits Tons
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 307 5,151 8,585
2 2,045 25,416 5,592 33 410 725 13,183 163,864 250,632
3 2,342 22,369 3,579 0 0 0 10,831 103,438 139,402
4 53 176 11 0 0 0 1,483 4,893 8,588
5 3,180 3,116 31 177 174 177 11,958 11,719 8,809
6 480 5,928 1,482 35 427 864 7,535 93,127 177,855
7 472 4,812 866 0 0 0 6,436 65,651 108,229
8 0 0 0 7 70 140 622 5,957 11,827
8,572 61,817 11,560 252 1,081 1,906 52,355 453,801 713,929
Table 15. Gulkana area working circle operable acreage and volume.
Figure 6. Delivered price per cord by working circle radius.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
20
Figure 7. Delivered price per green ton by working circle radius.
0-5 Miles 5-10 Miles 10-15 Miles 15-20 Miles 20-25 Miles Totals
Stratum Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons Cunits Tons
1 16 26 7 11 16 26 0 0 0 0 38 63
2 370 645 413 721 329 574 205 357 3 6 1,320 2,302
3 69 110 59 94 51 81 50 79 0 0 230 364
4 3 5 15 23 27 42 2 3 0 0 48 73
5 26 27 37 38 88 89 56 57 3 3 210 214
6 1,324 2,786 1,144 2,407 950 1,999 234 491 17 35 3,669 7,718
7 573 1,089 592 1,124 457 869 128 244 0 0 1,751 3,326
8 123 247 25 49 37 75 0 0 2 4 188 375
2,505 4,934 2,292 4,467 1,956 3,754 674 1,230 25 49 7,452 14,435
Table 16. Gulkana area working circle annual volume availability.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
21
Figure 8. Cumulative volume availability by radii to Gulkana.
Figure 9. Supply curve for fuelwood in cords to Gulkana.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
22
Figure 10. Supply curve for fuelwood in green tons to Gulkana.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
23
VI. LITERATURE CITED
Ashton, S., L. McDonell, and K. Barnes. 2008. Woody biomass desk guide and toolkit. National
Association of Conservation Districts. U.S. Department of Interior and the USDA Forest Service.
118p.
Sturgeon, J. 1979.Wood as a fuel. Series No. R10-40. USDA Forest Service Alaska Region.
Yarie, J., E. Kane, M. Mack. 2007.Aboveground biomass equations for the trees of interior
Alaska. University of Alaska Fairbanks. AFES Bulletin 115.
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
A-1
Appendix A
Acres by Vegetation Type and Strata
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
A-2
Stratum Veg. Type Acres
Non-Forest B 444.97
BA 1,032.20
CU(95) 520.71
CU(98) 741.61
DS 2,709.83
DSw 10,773.66
DSw_BSD 34.32
R 9,530.05
TS 17,898.82
TS_B 26.53
TS_BSD 875.99
TS_HR 36.26
TS_SR 87.80
TSw 401.43
W 5,096.46
Sum Of Acres: 50,210.64
Dwarf
Forest
BSD 75,016.64
BSD_DS 3,365.08
BSD_DSw 5,710.80
BSDbr 8,195.99
Sum Of Acres: 92,288.51
1 SS1_TS 41.05
SS2 678.83
SS3 19.04
Sum Of Acres: 738.92
2 BSP2 844.18
SP_SP3 106.34
SP2 9,249.35
SP3 9,141.29
SP3_TS 23.41
Sum Of Acres: 19,364.57
3 BSP1 1,904.54
SP1 2,710.40
SP1_BSD 9,581.60
SP1_TS 608.21
SPbr 508.50
Sum Of Acres: 15,313.25
4 SR 1,328.42
SR_BSR 362.26
Sum Of Acres: 1,690.68
5 BSD_HR 56.76
BSD_TS 21,769.59
SD_HD 51.93
SR_B 35.39
SR_BSD 107.68
SR_HR 6,196.85
SR_TS 1,777.24
Sum Of Acres: 29,995.44
Stratum Veg. Type Acres
6 HP_HP1 108.24
HP_HP3 202.04
HP1 1,620.65
HP1_BSD 28.11
HP1_SR 25.21
HP1_TS 106.13
HP2 3,690.42
HP3 6,327.93
HP3_DSw 36.41
HR 1,340.93
Sum Of Acres: 13,486.07
7 HD 371.86
HD_B 42.68
HD_BSD 53.40
HD_TS 554.57
HP_SP1 334.35
HP_SP2 509.69
HP_SP3 1,803.73
HR_DSw 129.96
HR_SR 297.24
HR_TS 451.77
SP_HP1 918.18
SP_HP2 2,368.30
SP_HP3 2,213.31
SP_HR3 26.63
SR_HP3 166.93
SS_HP1 15.53
SS_HP2 58.04
Sum Of Acres: 10,316.17
8 CWP1 21.90
CWP1_TS 75.12
CWP2 317.93
CWP3 186.13
CWR 33.26
CWR_SR 68.67
CWR_TS 27.00
CWS2 148.96
CWS3 41.89
SP_CWP2 150.48
SR_CWR 56.60
SS_CWP2 43.55
SS_CWP3 86.35
Sum Of Acres: 1,257.84
Grand Total
Sum: 234,662.09
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
B-1
Appendix B
Volume Per Acre and Total Volume by Stratum, Species and Size Class
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
B-2
Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber Acreage = 739
Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total
Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/Tons/BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF
Aspen
Saw Live 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 2,997 1,499
Species Totals 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 2,997 1,499
Balsam Poplar
Saw Live 1 1 13 10 0 0 25 21 9,637 7,509 207 161 18,536 15,279
Species Totals 1 1 13 10 0 0 25 21 9,637 7,509 207 161 18,536 15,279
Black Spruce
Pole Live 6 1 9 9 0 0 6,809 6,492 116 110
Species Totals 6 1 9 9 0 0 6,809 6,492 116 110
White Spruce
Saw Dead 19 14 315 253 5 4 1,376 1,084 232,571 187,085 3,954 3,180 1,016,674 801,064
Pole Live 97 26 431 420 7 7 318,522 310,355 5,415 5,276
Pole Dead 28 8 124 97 2 2 91,384 71,404 1,554 1,214
Saw Live 66 42 929 891 16 15 3,935 3,772 686,809 658,478 11,676 11,194 2,907,472 2,787,311
Species Totals 210 91 1,799 1,661 31 28 5,311 4,856 1,329,287 1,227,322 22,598 20,864 3,924,146 3,588,375
Strata Totals 218 93 1,821 1,680 31 29 5,340 4,879 1,345,733 1,241,323 22,921 21,136 3,945,679 3,605,152
Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed Acreage = 19,365
Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total
Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/Tons/BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF
Balsam Poplar
Pole Live 0 0 4 1 0 0 68,703 17,176 1,477 369
Saw Live 2 2 31 28 1 1 129 116 606,074 545,466 13,031 11,728 2,503,113 2,252,802
Species Totals 2 2 35 29 1 1 129 116 674,776 562,642 14,508 12,097 2,503,113 2,252,802
Black Spruce
Saw Live 0 0 3 2 0 0 14 11 54,345 39,149 924 666 263,814 211,051
Pole Dead 6 1 15 14 0 0 288,044 270,865 4,897 4,605
Pole Live 39 8 81 78 1 1 1,570,949 1,505,565 26,706 25,595
Species Totals 45 9 99 94 2 2 14 11 1,913,338 1,815,579 32,527 30,865 263,814 211,051
White Spruce
Pole Live 153 37 514 509 9 9 9,958,734 9,860,365 169,298 167,626
Saw Dead 12 8 157 149 3 3 631 604 3,039,801 2,878,761 51,677 48,939 12,218,857 11,704,130
Saw Live 33 19 422 414 7 7 1,766 1,729 8,170,603 8,007,517 138,900 136,128 34,205,373 33,483,106
Pole Dead 14 4 50 49 1 1 971,983 945,690 16,524 16,077
Species Totals 212 68 1,143 1,120 19 19 2,397 2,334 22,141,121 21,692,333 376,399 368,770 46,424,230 45,187,236
Strata Totals 259 79 1,277 1,243 22 21 2,540 2,461 24,729,235 24,070,554 423,433 411,731 49,191,158 47,651,089
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
B-3
Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open Acreage = 15,313
Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total
Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/Tons/BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF
Black Spruce
Pole Live 19 4 55 51 1 1 844,791 779,695 14,361 13,255
Species Totals 19 4 55 51 1 1 844,791 779,695 14,361 13,255
White Spruce
Saw Live 23 18 393 376 7 6 1,725 1,650 6,017,607 5,750,251 102,299 97,754 26,415,308 25,269,763
Saw Dead 8 8 170 124 3 2 758 547 2,601,051 1,898,793 44,218 32,279 11,604,478 8,369,128
Pole Live 97 26 341 330 6 6 5,225,353 5,053,610 88,831 85,911
Pole Dead 13 5 80 74 1 1 1,223,816 1,135,878 20,805 19,310
Species Totals 142 57 984 904 17 15 2,483 2,197 15,067,827 13,838,533 256,153 235,255 38,019,786 33,638,890
Strata Totals 162 61 1,039 955 18 16 2,483 2,197 15,912,618 14,618,227 270,515 248,510 38,019,786 33,638,890
Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction ClosedAcreage = 1,691
Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total
Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/Tons/BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF
Black Spruce
Pole Live 158 27 233 224 4 4 393,339 379,002 6,687 6,443
Species Totals 158 27 233 224 4 4 393,339 379,002 6,687 6,443
White Spruce
Pole Live 34 8 92 88 2 1 155,363 148,930 2,641 2,532
Saw Live 0 1 18 18 0 0 78 78 30,440 30,440 517 517 132,052 132,052
Species Totals 34 9 110 106 2 2 78 78 185,803 179,370 3,159 3,049 132,052 132,052
Strata Totals 192 36 343 330 6 6 78 78 579,142 558,372 9,845 9,492 132,052 132,052
Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open Acreage = 29,995
Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total
Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/Tons/BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF
Black Spruce
Pole Live 14 2 12 12 0 0 357,752 357,752 6,082 6,082
Species Totals 14 2 12 12 0 0 357,752 357,752 6,082 6,082
White Spruce
Pole Live 23 5 60 60 1 1 1,796,094 1,796,094 30,534 30,534
Saw Live 5 3 43 26 1 0 199 119 1,291,943 775,166 21,963 13,178 5,958,361 3,575,017
Species Totals 28 8 103 86 2 1 199 119 3,088,036 2,571,259 52,497 43,711 5,958,361 3,575,017
Strata Totals 41 10 115 98 2 2 199 119 3,445,789 2,929,012 58,578 49,793 5,958,361 3,575,017
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
B-4
Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber Acreage = 13,486
Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total
Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/Tons/BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF
Aspen
Saw Live 27 13 188 180 4 4 395 383 2,532,700 2,430,354 54,453 52,253 5,322,936 5,170,911
Pole Live 258 56 818 796 18 17 11,026,820 10,734,794 237,077 230,798
Species Totals 285 69 1,005 976 22 21 395 383 13,559,520 13,165,148 291,530 283,051 5,322,936 5,170,911
Balsam Poplar
Pole Live 3 1 8 0 0 0 107,661 1,077 2,315 23
Species Totals 3 1 8 0 0 0 107,661 1,077 2,315 23
White Spruce
Saw Live 10 6 105 105 2 2 463 463 1,418,115 1,418,115 24,108 24,108 6,240,282 6,240,282
Pole Live 36 11 159 155 3 3 2,150,223 2,088,501 36,554 35,505
Species Totals 46 17 265 260 4 4 463 463 3,568,338 3,506,617 60,662 59,612 6,240,282 6,240,282
Strata Totals 334 87 1,278 1,236 26 25 857 846 17,235,519 16,672,842 354,506 342,686 11,563,218 11,411,193
Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber Acreage = 10,316
Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total
Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/Tons/BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF
Aspen
Pole Live 55 16 291 290 6 6 2,997,710 2,991,221 64,451 64,311
Saw Live 9 4 59 54 1 1 107 95 604,097 553,909 12,988 11,909 1,103,574 982,542
Species Totals 64 20 349 344 8 7 107 95 3,601,807 3,545,129 77,439 76,220 1,103,574 982,542
Birch
Pole Live 3 1 10 8 0 0 105,424 84,339 2,636 2,108
Saw Live 1 1 10 8 0 0 16 13 106,289 85,031 2,657 2,126 168,103 134,482
Species Totals 4 2 21 16 1 0 16 13 211,713 169,370 5,293 4,234 168,103 134,482
Black Spruce
Pole Live 18 3 33 26 1 0 344,855 265,204 5,863 4,508
Pole Dead 7 2 23 21 0 0 235,144 211,629 3,997 3,598
Species Totals 25 5 56 46 1 1 579,999 476,833 9,860 8,106
White Spruce
Saw Live 23 13 214 205 4 3 942 899 2,209,932 2,111,916 37,569 35,903 9,715,248 9,276,204
Pole Live 119 29 412 409 7 7 4,253,607 4,222,970 72,311 71,790
Species Totals 142 42 627 614 11 10 942 899 6,463,538 6,334,886 109,880 107,693 9,715,248 9,276,204
Strata Totals 235 68 1,052 1,020 20 19 1,065 1,007 10,857,058 10,526,219 202,472 196,254 10,986,925 10,393,228
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
B-5
Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar Acreage = 1,258
Trees/ BA/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net Total Total Total Total Total Total
Ac Ac CF/ CF/ Tons/Tons/BF/ BF/ Gross Net Gross Net Gross Net
Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac CF CF Tons Tons BF BF
Aspen
Pole Live 13 3 25 23 1 0 31,954 28,758 687 618
Species Totals 13 3 25 23 1 0 31,954 28,758 687 618
Balsam Poplar
Saw Live 39 29 460 419 10 9 1,276 1,140 578,047 527,505 12,428 11,341 1,604,555 1,434,060
Pole Live 44 13 213 212 5 5 267,844 266,046 5,759 5,720
Species Totals 83 42 672 631 14 14 1,276 1,140 845,890 793,551 18,187 17,061 1,604,555 1,434,060
White Spruce
Saw Live 3 3 64 60 1 1 279 263 80,684 75,940 1,372 1,291 351,309 331,025
Saw Dead 0 0 7 6 0 0 30 24 8,843 7,074 150 120 38,319 30,655
Pole Live 87 19 243 237 4 4 305,791 297,743 5,198 5,062
Species Totals 90 23 314 303 5 5 310 288 395,318 380,757 6,720 6,473 389,628 361,680
Strata Totals 185 68 1,012 956 20 19 1,585 1,428 1,273,162 1,203,067 25,594 24,153 1,994,183 1,795,740
75,378,257 Gross Cubic Feet 71,819,616 Net Cubic Feet
Grand Totals = 92,163 Acres
121,791,362 Gross Board Feet 112,202,361 Net Board Feet
1,367,865 Gross Tons 1,303,756 Net Tons
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
C-1
Appendix C
Stand Tables Per Acre by Stratum and Species
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
C-2
DBH Trees/Ac. BA Gross CF Net CF Gross BF Net BF
Stratum 1 White Spruce Sawtimber Acreage = 738.92
Aspen
9 1 0 0 0 4 2
Totals 1 0 0 0 4 2
Balsam Poplar
10 0 0 3 2 3 2
11 1 1 6 4 6 4
13 0 0 4 3 16 14
Totals 1 1 13 10 25 21
Black Spruce
5 1 0 1 1
6 5 1 8 8
Totals 6 1 9 9
White Spruce
5 16 2 22 22
6 29 6 73 71
7 40 11 177 166
8 28 10 181 167
9 34 16 321 301 841 801
10 30 16 350 325 1,441 1,337
11 13 9 197 181 843 769
12 10 8 186 176 819 781
13 5 5 125 97 572 440
14 2 3 80 79 378 376
15 2 3 48 43 223 194
16 2 2 38 32 194 157
Totals 210 91 1,799 1,661 5,311 4,856
Totals for stratum White Spruce Sawtimber
218 93 1,821 1,680 5,340 4,879
Stratum 2 White Spruce Poletimber Closed Acreage = 19,364.57
Balsam Poplar
13 1 1 14 10 40 36
15 0 1 10 9 43 39
16 0 1 10 9 46 41
Totals 2 2 35 29 129 116
Black Spruce
5 21 3 24 24
6 16 3 34 33
7 5 1 19 18
8 3 1 18 17
10 0 0 3 2 14 11
Totals 45 9 99 94 14 11
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
C-3
DBH Trees/Ac. BA Gross CF Net CF Gross BF Net BF
White Spruce
5 33 4 35 35
6 62 13 158 156
7 40 11 173 171
8 19 7 104 102
9 23 11 196 193 395 381
10 16 9 188 185 772 758
11 8 4 84 79 344 325
12 5 4 102 102 445 445
13 3 2 54 54 242 237
15 2 1 33 32 151 147
17 0 0 9 8 49 40
19 0 0 6 3
Totals 212 68 1,143 1,120 2,397 2,334
Totals for stratum White Spruce Poletimber Closed
259 79 1,277 1,243 2,540 2,461
Stratum 3 White Spruce Poletimber Open Acreage = 15,313.25
Black Spruce
5 8 1 9 8
6 4 1 12 11
7 6 2 21 20
8 2 1 14 12
Totals 19 4 55 51
White Spruce
5 22 4 28 27
6 24 5 54 52
7 25 7 96 92
8 29 10 160 155
9 16 7 133 128 200 199
10 6 3 61 52 262 223
11 3 2 49 47 209 199
12 7 5 115 109 502 476
13 4 4 74 64 315 269
14 2 2 43 40 192 180
15 2 2 52 49 237 224
16 1 1 18 9 86 41
17 1 1 26 18 121 86
18 1 1 21 10 98 46
19 0 1 16 15 75 69
23 0 1 19 18 92 91
24 0 1 19 19 93 92
Totals 142 57 984 904 2,483 2,197
Totals for stratum White Spruce Poletimber Open
162 61 1,039 955 2,483 2,197
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
C-4
DBH Trees/Ac. BA Gross CF Net CF Gross BF Net BF
Stratum 4 Black & White Spruce Reproduction ClosedAcreage = 1,690.68
Black Spruce
5 108 16 105 101
6 33 6 64 61
7 12 3 41 40
8 5 2 23 22
Totals 158 27 233 224
White Spruce
6 21 4 40 38
7 13 4 48 46
8 0 0 4 4
10 0 1 18 18 78 78
Totals 34 9 110 106 78 78
Totals for stratum Black & White Spruce Reproduction Closed
192 36 343 330 78 78
Stratum 5 Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open Acreage = 29,995.45
Black Spruce
5 14 2 12 12
Totals 14 2 12 12
White Spruce
6 12 2 18 18
7 7 2 25 25
8 4 1 17 17
10 5 3 43 26 199 119
Totals 28 8 103 86 199 119
Totals for stratum Black & White Spruce Reproduction Open
41 10 115 98 199 119
Stratum 6 Aspen Poletimber Acreage = 13,486.07
Aspen
5 91 13 162 160
6 83 16 211 206
7 51 14 228 221
8 27 10 176 167
9 17 7 116 110 95 88
10 12 4 47 45 74 72
11 5 3 58 58 188 186
12 0 0 8 8 38 37
Totals 285 69 1,005 976 395 383
Balsam Poplar
8 3 1 8 0
Totals 3 1 8 0
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
C-5
DBH Trees/Ac. BA Gross CF Net CF Gross BF Net BF
White Spruce
5 3 0 0 0
6 7 1 14 14
7 5 1 26 25
8 14 5 73 71
9 9 4 60 58 53 53
10 2 1 17 17 74 74
11 5 2 24 24 107 107
13 2 2 31 31 137 137
15 1 1 20 20 92 92
Totals 46 17 265 260 463 463
Totals for stratum Aspen Poletimber
334 87 1,278 1,236 857 846
Stratum 7 White Spruce Aspen Poletimber Acreage = 10,316.16
Aspen
6 24 5 83 83
7 12 3 64 64
8 15 5 109 109
9 8 4 66 65 39 39
10 4 2 28 23 68 56
Totals 64 20 349 344 107 95
Birch
7 3 1 10 8
9 1 1 10 8 16 13
Totals 4 2 21 16 16 13
Black Spruce
5 7 1 4 4
6 3 1 4 4
7 15 4 48 39
Totals 25 5 56 46
White Spruce
5 12 2 17 17
6 59 12 143 141
7 34 9 139 138
8 11 4 75 75
9 10 5 83 75 277 239
10 5 2 40 40 178 178
11 5 3 48 48 209 209
12 6 4 60 60 179 179
13 1 1 22 21 99 94
Totals 142 42 627 614 942 899
Totals for stratum White Spruce Aspen Poletimber
235 68 1,052 1,020 1,065 1,007
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
C-6
DBH Trees/Ac. BA Gross CF Net CF Gross BF Net BF
Stratum 8 White Spruce Balsam Poplar Acreage = 1,257.85
Aspen
6 7 2 13 12
7 6 2 12 11
Totals 13 3 25 23
Balsam Poplar
6 17 3 29 29
7 4 1 24 23
8 15 5 85 84
9 19 9 139 136 21 20
10 15 8 138 134 185 183
11 7 5 98 92 244 235
12 2 2 41 34 157 146
13 2 3 55 52 220 212
14 2 4 48 32 253 178
17 1 2 15 13 195 167
Totals 83 42 672 631 1,276 1,140
White Spruce
5 29 4 35 35
6 36 7 86 86
7 8 2 28 27
8 11 4 74 70
9 3 1 20 18
11 1 1 22 19 98 84
12 2 1 28 27 120 118
13 0 0 7 6 30 24
14 0 1 14 14 61 61
Totals 90 23 314 303 310 288
Totals for stratum White Spruce Balsam Poplar
185 68 1,012 956 1,585 1,428
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
D-1
Appendix D
Diameter/Height Relationships
Availability of Biomass Fuels on Ahtna Lands Gakona, Gulkana and Tazlina Villages
D-2
"e" is a numerical constant that is equal to 2.71828
The corresponding Excel equation appears as follows:
Height = A Coefficient*POWER (e, B Coefficient/dbh)
Species A Coefficient B Coefficient C Coefficient
White Spruce 89.28 -4.9598 1
Black Spruce 67.86 -4.0686 1
Aspen 56.78 -1.4744 1
Balsam Poplar 85.23 -4.7001 1