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HomeMy WebLinkAboutNative Village of Quinhagak Community Energy Information Databook - 2013COMMUNITY ENERGY INFORMATION DATABOOK KWINHAGAK., ALASKA 2012-2013 Funded through a grant from the Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Lab Strategic Technical Assistance Response Team (START) For questions relating to these documents contact: Connie Fredenberg c/o Marsh Creek LLC 2000 E. 88t' Ave. Anchorage, AK 99507 (907)444-6220 connie.fredenberg@marshcreekllc.com l MARSHCREE ENERGY SYSTEMS DOE START ~Community Databook Quinhagak/Kwminhagak Alaska COMMUNITY INFORMATION Quinhoomk........................................................................................................................................ Spages Community Information Summary --_.—_--_--_'—.---'.---'--.3pages CommunityMap ............................................................................................................................... 1page STUDIES, REPORTS AND PLANS LandUse Plan Map ........................................................................................................................... 1page Carter Road Subdivision USite Plan Map ....................................................................................... 1page Residential Building Inspection ExecutiveRepmrt----'-_--_---'—'—'--..''--37pages Resolution Declaring Major D|sasterEmer0ency .---._---_---_---------,4pagex Housing Analysis inQuinhaga k,AKbx[CHRC............................................................................ 39pages Perspectives mnthe KxvnhagakHousing Crisis (ppt) ..-----..~...^---_---_-31pages Building a Sustainable Housing Model in Quinhagak through Effective Partnership.5(ppt) 28 pages CCHRCFinal Report toNREL._—._—_----.---.--__--.-___—___-_.-14pages Fuel Usage for VVayhetehaand Big Blue Building (Utility Bldg) -'_---'—'--'—''''''''1page Diesel Generator Information ......................................................................................................... 1page QuinhagekWater and Sewer System Flyer —_--___--__—__—''---'''---'''.Ipages Scope qfWork and Schedule for System ......................................................................... 1page Letter ofSupport for Heat Recovery System tothe Utility Building .......................................... 1page SITE VISIT AGENDAS AND TRIP REPORTS TripReport May 7-8,2D12..................................................................................................... ....... 5pa0e START Alaska: Energy Networking Tour — Schedule and Trip Report .......................................6 pages COMMUNITY INFORMATION Quinhagak Current Population: 669 (per AEA 2012 Stats) General Information Quinhagak is on the Kanektok River on the east shore of Kuskokwim Bay, less than a mile from the Bering Sea coast. It lies 71 miles southwest of Bethel. Quinhagak is located in a marine climate. Precipitation averages 22 inches a year, with 43 inches of snowfall. Summer temperatures average 41 to 57 OF, and winter temperatures average 6 to 24 OF. Extremes have been measured from 82 to -34 OF. Visitors can stay in a 3 BR apartment above the Washeteria. There is a full kitchen, running water and flush toilet. There are beds in the bedrooms, but visitors are advised to bring a sleeping bag and personal towel. Food is available at the local store, but is costly. History The Yup'ik name is Kuinerraq, meaning "new river channel." Quinhagak is a long-established village whose origin has been dated to 1000 AD. It was the first village on the lower Kuskokwim to have sustained contact with Europeans. Gavril Sarichev reported the village on a map in 1826. After the purchase of Alaska in 1867, the Alaska Commercial Company sent annual supply ships to Quinhagak with goods for Kuskokwim River trading posts. Supplies were lightered to shore from the ship and stored in a building on Warehouse Creek. A Moravian mission was built in 1893. There were many non -Natives in the village at that time; most were waiting for boats to go upriver. In 1904, a mission store opened, followed by a post office in 1905 and a school in 1909. Between 1906 and 1909, over 2,000 reindeer were brought in to the Quinhagak area. They were managed for a time by the Native -owned Kuskokwim Reindeer Company, but the herd had scattered by the 1950s. In 1915, the Kuskokwim River was charted, so goods were barged directly upriver to Bethel. In 1928, the first electric plant opened; the first mail plane arrived in 1934. The city was incorporated in 1975. Facilities, Utilities, Schools and Health Care All services are provided by the Native Village of Kwinhagak, under agreement with the city. Water is derived from a well near the Kenektok River. Forty homes are served by a flush/haul system. An old BIA building has been renovated as a new washeteria and health clinic. The school and washeteria are connected directly to the water plant. Eighty-nine (89) households still haul water and use honeybuckets. There is one school located in the community, attended by 225 students. Local hospitals or health clinics include Quinhagak (Kwinhagak) Clinic. Emergency Services have coastal air and floatplane access. Emergency service is provided by a health aide. Auxiliary health care is provided by Quinhagak EMS Quick Response Team (907-556-8448). In June of 2006, Duane Miller and Associates completed an assessment of the Washeteria/Clinic building and determined the building was settling and would likely completely structurally fail in the next few years. "The increase in depth of thaw over the values used for design is suspected to be due to three factors. The most severe factor is a warmer climate. Two other issues also aggravate the problem: the mechanical room is warmer than the design assumption, and the efficiency of the thermoprobes outside the mechanical room is decreased by the discharge of warm air." I can find no information that this nroblem has been reAaired. In 2006 the Denali Commission PrWect Database shows a conceptual desing project starting, but no fundincar nor Pro -cress follows. Economy Most of the employment is with the school, government services, or commercial fishing. Trapping, basket weaving, skin sewing, and ivory carving also provide income. Subsistence remains an important part of residents' livelihoods; seal and salmon are staples of the diet. In 2010, 83 residents held commercial fishing permits for salmon net and herring roe fisheries. Coastal Villages Seafood LLC processes halibut and salmon in Quinhagak. Information above from ADCRA Community Information Sheet, telephone conversations with Henry Mark and John O. Mark and from the Native Village of Kwinhagak's Community Development Website httoJ/kwinhaaak.ora Electric Utility Information Management Alaska Village Electric Cooperative Power Generation According to the latest review of their COPA filing, Quinhagak has no issues with being above the acceptable levels for fuel efficiency or line loss. Rate Schedule: GS-1, 0-700 KWH CUROW FUMft Lwme 100.09E Bast: 0.1342 Max PCE: 0.8225 RCC: 0.0000 GS-1 N rWW Role Avg. Claaa Rate AM COPA Quh apak 0.250 0.5014 0,3W 0.3000 0.4221 Information above from RCA website Housing 100% Cunent 0.3168 0.3468 According to Census 2010, there were 187 housing units in the community and 165 were occupied. The Native Village of Kwinhagak operates its own housing department and administers a range of funding, including NAHASDA Indian Housing Block Grants, Indian Community Development Block Grants, HUD Imminent Threat funding, and other funds. In October of 2009, the united City of Quinhagak and Native Village of Kwinhagak passed a resolution declaring a housing emergency in their community following a housing survey conducted by CCHRC. hl[iW, THEREFORE RE M RESOLVED the Native Village of Kwinhagak and the City of Quinhagak agree with the findings of the COIRC's detelcmi nalticm, "...that the widespread use of the%e hnmeN hiss cn-ated a problem of riris s pmportio»n for the village: they are for all prac 6call purposes unsalvageable, yet to condem them all would leave rougWy one third of the village without shelter." The expense of remediation. repair, and renovation may well approach or exceed the cost of new construction. Economic considerations should be looked at seriously before any major work is done. However, as our report points out. there are some safety issues that should be addressed immediately, regardless of long term strategies. In particular, the entry porches and stairs must be brought to a minimal level of soundness to protect occupants from possible serious injury or death. The period of time that any of these homes can continue to be occupied is very short and in some cases has arrived. It is imperative that the community work closely and immediately with other concerned individuals and organizations to address this real crisis. The cost of new construction and energy in Rural Alaska has escalated well beyond what is affordable or even possible to meet an escalating need. Real innovation will have to be explored if a brighter future is to be realized. This must involve a collaborative effort with the community. designers, researchers. potential funders, state and federal agencies, and construction professionals. Please contact us if we can clarify our findings further or assist in any way. Sincerely. Jack Hibert Presidem/CEO Information above from Resolution 9-10-37 and Housing Analysis in Quinhagak, AK by CCHRC. The Native Village of Kwinhagak, in conjunction with HUD ONAP, created Work Groups around the following 6 goals: 1. Replace all 55 homes included in Kwinhagak's disaster declaration 2. Plan and implement affordable mortgage program with down payment assistance for families currently living in the homes included in Kwinhagak's disaster declaration to contribute to the financing for housing development 3. Improve the livability of the occupied homes included in the Kwinhagak's housing declaration until the homes are replaced. 4. Develop an emergency plan and emergency facilities 5. Plan and develop facilities to demolish and dispose of the 55 homes included in Kwinhagak's disaster declaration 6. Plan and develop infrastructure to support the above goals Work Groups were formed for each goal. Membership was based on the goal and expertise needed. For the past several months the focus has been primarily on goals 1 — 3 with much progress being made. Information above from the Slide Show Building a Sustainable Housing Model in Quinhagak, AK Through Effective Partnerships" Transportation Quinhagak relies on air transportation for passenger mail and cargo service. A state-owned 4,000' long by 75' wide gravel airstrip is available. Float planes land on the Kanektok River. A harbor and dock serves barges deliveries of heavy goods at least twice a year. Boats, ATVs, snowmachines, and some vehicles are used for local transportation. Winter trails are marked to Eek (39 mi) and Goodnews (39 mi). Served by Grant, Yute, and ERA. Yute flights best match for early and late Bethel Alaska Airlines flights. Yute Contact. 543-3003 Contacts City - City of Quinhagak P.O. Box 90 Quinhagak, AK 99655 Phone 907-556-8202 Fax 907-556-8166 Electric Utility - Alaska Village Electric Cooperative 4831 Eagle St. Anchorage, AK 99503 Phone 907-561-1818 Contact: Brent Petrie E-mail: bgetrie(a7avec.org Tribe - federally recognized - Native Village of Kwinhagak P.O. Box 149 Quinhagak, AK 99655 Phone 907-556-8165 Fax 907-556-8166 Contact: Henry Mark, Tribal Administrator E-mail: hfmark.nvk(cD_gmail.com Contact: John O. Mark Cell: 907-556-2017 E-mail: !mark. nvk(a)gmail.com Web http://kwinhaciak.org Village Corporation - Qanirtuuq, Incorporated P.O. Box 69 Quinhagak, AK 99655 Phone 907-556-8289 Fax 907-556-8814 Regional Organizations School District - Lower Kuskokwim School District P.O. Box 305 Bethel, AK 99559-0305 Phone 907-543-4810 Fax 907-543-4904 E-mail gar)t_baldwin(c_lksd.org Web http://www.lksd.org Regional Native Corporation - Calista Corporation 301 Calista Court # A Anchorage, AK 99518-3000 Phone 907-279-5516 Fax 907-272-5060 E-mail: calista(cDcalistacorp.com Web http://www.calistacorl2.com Native Housing Authority - Native Village of Kwinhagak P.O. Box 149 Quinhagak, AK 99655 Phone 907-556-8165 Fax 907-556-8166 Contact: Patrick Cleveland E-mail: patrickc.nvk(&_gmail.com Economic Development - CDQ Group - Coastal Villages Region Fund 711 H Street, Suite 200 Anchorage, AK 99501-3461 Phone 907-278-5151 Fax 907-278-5150 E-mail mor, eq n c@coastalvillages.orq Web http://www.coastaivillages.or_q Alaska Division ofCommunity and Regional affairs S.e :roea S.4 Guet;:'r CAinlnerGe Aaska Community Database Community Information Summaries (CIS) Stete e'Alaska > Lomrnarce �OCRA Home Page A - .. • :U ..'0 rGow '—.:,t It.1 ... - , 04 > Results Quinhagak (QUINN-uh-hawk); var. Kwinhagak For Photos of Quinhagak click here For a Map of Quinhagak click here Current Population: 675 (2011 Alaska Department of Labor Estimate) Incorporation Type; 2nd Class City Located In: Bethel Census Area Taxes: Sales: 3%, Property: None, Special- None Location and Climate Quinhagak is on the Kenektok River on the east shore of Kuskokwim Bay, less than a mile from the Bering Sea coast. It lies 71 miles southwest of Bethel. The community lies at approximately 59.748890° North Latitude and-161.915830° West Longitude. (Sec. 17, T0058, R074W, Seward'trlc Meridian.) Qulnhagak is located in the Bethel Recording District. The area encompasses 4.7 sq. Map 0 miles of land and D.6 sq. miles of water. Quinhagak is located in a marine climate. Precipitation averages 22 inches a year, with 43 inches ig of snowfall. Summer temperatures average 41 to 57 °F, and winter temperatures average 6 to 24 *F. Extremes have been measured from 82 to -34 *F. History, Culture and Demographics The Yup'ik name is Kulnerraq, meaning "new river channel." Quinhagak is a long-established village whose origin has been dated to 1000 AD. It was the first village on the lower Kuskokwim to have sustained contact with Europeans. Gavril Sarichev reported the village on a map in 1826. After the purchase of Alaska in 1867, the Alaska Commercial Company sent annual supply ships to Quinhagak with goods for Kuskokwim River trading posts. Supplies were lightered to shore from the ship and stored in a building on Warehouse Creek. A Moravian mission was built in 1893. There were many non -Natives in the village at that time; most were waiting for boats to go upriver. In 1904, a mission store opened, followed by a post office in 1905 and a school in 1909. Between 1906 and 1909, over 2,000 reindeer were brought in to the Quinhagak area. They were managed for a time by the Native -owned Kuskokwim Reindeer Company, but the herd had scattered by the 1950s. In 1915, the Kuskokwim River was charted, so goods were barged directly upriver to Bethel. In 1928, the first electric plant opened; the first mail plane arrived in 1934. The city was incorporated in 1975. A federally -recognized tribe is located in the community -- the Native Village of Kwinhagak (aka Quinhagak). The community is primarily Yup'ik Eskimos who fish commercially and are active in subsistence food gathering. The sale, importation, and possession of alcohol is banned in the village. According to Census 2010, there were 187 housing units in the community and 165 were occupied. Its population was 93.4 percent American Indian or Alaska Native; 2.2 percent white; 0.5 percent Pacific Islander; 3.7 percent of the local residents had multi -racial backgrounds. Additionally, 0.5 percent of the population was of Hispanic decent. http:/.www.commerce.state.ak.us/dcacommdb/CIS.cfm?Comm Boro_Name—Quinhagak[3!20/20121:59:36PM] Alaska Division of Community and Regional Affairs Facilities, Utilities, Schools and Health Care All services are provided by the Native Village of Kwinhagak, under agreement with the city. Water is derived from a well near the Kenektok River. Forty homes are served by a flush/haul system. An old BIA building has been renovated as a new washeteria and health clinic. The school and washeteria are connected directly to the water plant. Eighty- nine (89) households still haul water and use honeybuckets. Electricity is provided by AVEC. There is one school located in the community, attended by 225 students. Local hospitals or health clinics include Quinhagak (Kwinhagak) Clinic. Emergency Services have coastal air and floatplane access. Emergency service is provided by a health aide. Auxiliary health care is provided by Quinhagak EMS Quick Response Team (907-556-8448). Economy Most of the employment is with the school, government services, or commercial fishing. Trapping, basket weaving, skin sewing, and ivory carving also provide income. Subsistence remains an important part of residents' livelihoods; seal and salmon are staples of the diet. In 2010, 83 residents held commercial fishing permits for salmon net and herring roe fisheries. Coastal Villages Seafood LLC processes halibut and salmon in Quinhagak. The 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) estimated 1811 residents as employed. The public sector employed 9.9%1 of all workers. The local unemployment rate was 25.8%1. The percentage of workers not in labor force was 41.1 %1. The ACS surveys established that average median household income (in 2010 inflation -adjusted dollars) was $30,833 (MOE +/-$9,013)1 . The per capita income (in 2010 inflation -adjusted dollars) was $10,422 (MOE +/-$2,217)1. About 38.9%1 of all residents had incomes below the poverty level. 1 Al ACS statistics are published with their repective margin of error (MOE). Some of the statistics here are calculated from the original ACS data. The MOE was unable to be carried through the calculations. For additional ACS Information please click here For current Local Labor Market Information please click hff_a Transportation Quinhagak relies on air transportation for passenger mail and cargo service. A state-owned 4,000' long by 75' wide gravel airstrip is available. Float planes land on the Kanektok River. A harbor and dock serves barges deliveries of heavy goods at least twice a year. Boats, ATVs, snowmachines, and some vehicles are used for local transportation. Winter trails are marked to Eek (39 mi) and Goodnews (39 mi). Organizations with Local Offices City - City of Quinhagak P.O. Box 90 Quinhagak, AK 99655 Phone 907-556-8202 Fax 907-556-8166 E-mail fmoore.nvk@gmail.com Web http://kwinhagak.org Electric Utility - Alaska Village Electric Cooperative 4831 Eagle St. Anchorage, AK 99503 Phone 907-561-1818 Fax 907-562-4086 E-mail 907-562-4086 Tribe - federally recognized - Native Village of Kwinhagak P.O. Box 149 Quinhagak, AK 99655 Phone 907-556-8165 Fax 907-556-8166 E-mail Ijohnson@kwinhagak.org Village Corporation - Qanirtuuq, Incorporated P.O. Box 69 Quinhagak, AK 99655 Phone 907-556-8289 Fax 907-556-8814 http:lli.ww.commerce.state.ak.us/dca'commdb.CIS.cfm?Comm Boro Name=Quinhagak[3;20120121:59:36PM] Alaska Division of Community and Regional Affairs Regional Organizations School District - Lower Kuskokwim School District P.O. Box 305 Bethel, AK 99559-0305 Phone 907-543-4810 Fax 907-543-4904 E-mail gary_baidwin@lksd.org Web http://www.lksd.org Regional Native Corporation - Calista Corporation 301 Calista Court # A Anchorage, AK 99518-3000 Phone 907-279-5516 Fax 907-272-5060 E-mail calista@calistacorp.com Web http://www.calistacorp.00m Native Housing Authority - Native Village of Kwinhagak P.O. Box 149 Quinhagak, AK 99655 Phone 907-556-8165 Fax 907-556-8166 E-mail Ijohnson@kwinhagak.org Economic Development - CDQ Group - Coastal Villages Region Fund 711 H Street, Suite 200 Anchorage, AK 99501-3461 Phone 907-278-5151 Fax 907-278-5150 E-mail morgen_c@coastalvillages.org Web http://www.coastalvillages.org/ Services Webmaster http:;lwvi-r,r.commerce.state.ak.us'dca commdblCIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_Name-=Quinhagak[312012012 1:59:36 PNQ ,'s Fi f flsx I HIM., � GlO A O K l` 0 oil STUDIES, REPORTS AND PLANS G:V SQ>Me9lrWMtke{a'p91m7 QMKAW(LAND USE iL N.Ary, 1412'M9 I:1J:26 PH•AW Auob 10F r'TJamflrfw[FddWM%QLWmpogWl MAr r4 SUb, l,2 RMd Supd✓alM naa�g, 1111VAGN 0:42r41Ny%lh.A +SrpO P0.6 "U p `1 1 m e'er • Ir --,�::, tI � D T o f fog • ,�� ` �I m,a -N o m T'• �� `m o 4 � m�' zmal1�' cn t z GI mD� {i c, c- ° a ZCD A - \. v_. .... 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Butler Lane Ashland, OR 97520 541-552-1510 www.indoordiagnostics.com All Data Reviewed By: Michael Buettner, Respirnet Executive Review Coordinator Council Certified Indoor Air Quality Manager (CIAQM) #0710047 Exp. 10/30/2009 Total Pages: 63 I. Background and Introduction The Native Village of Quinhagak contracted Advance Look to perform inspections of twenty houses in the village as part of a HUD package that has allocated funds for environmental remediation of mold and water intrusion issues within the structures. A budget has been allocated to each house for this purpose. To this end, Patrick Hartshorn of Advance Look performed a mold and water intrusion inspection in each of the twenty houses in August of 2008. Photo documentation of each suspect area of mold growth or water intrusion was recorded and is available upon request. Sampling was performed in order to assess the levels of indoor airborne spores in each dwelling, and a thorough visual inspection was performed. The results of these sample analyses and the documentation provided by Advance Look were used to create these mold remediation protocols. The following report details the remediation strategies for the second ten houses of the project. The first ten houses were covered in a previous report. Each house will have its own section detailing the findings and recommendations for that particular house before moving onto the next. This format was chosen in order to facilitate the use of the documentation by remediation workers. In other words, the specific information for each house will be in a format where it can be pulled as a unit from this report, copied and handed out to workers beginning work on that particular structure. This may make some of the information appear excessively repetitive, but will allow each home's protocol to stand on its own without having to refer back to previous sections of the report. At the end of this report will be addenda clarifying some remediation procedures and strategies, as well as references and calculations pertaining to the remediation process. II. Scope of Work Indoor Diagnostics was sub -contracted by Advance Look in order to provide a mold remediation protocol for each of the twenty affected dwellings. These protocols are based solely on the information provided by Advance Look. These protocols describe the affected areas of each structure, containment strategies for mold contamination where applicable, methods to remove and replace water damaged building materials and some strategies designed to help avoid continued water intrusion and/or mold growth in the future. It is not within the scope of work of these protocols to describe in detail the specific practices and techniques of professional mold remediation. Normally it is assumed that a certified mold remediation contractor who is familiar with these practices and techniques will be performing the cleaning and remediation of the structures. In this unique case, it is understood that a mold remediation training class will take place in the spring to train native workers to perform the remediation themselves. Therefore, the specialized information regarding techniques and strategies will be transmitted during that training. Some general guidelines with regard to proper practices will be included as a primer. The scope of work for the inspections completed by Advance Look included gathering information and documentation so that an accurate mold remediation protocol could then be generated by Indoor Diagnostics. Advance Look's scope of work included the following: 1. A visual inspection of the affected areas of the structure to look for evidence of fungal growth, source of moisture intrusion, compromised areas of the building envelope, mechanical deficiencies, areas of visible water damage, deterioration of materials due to water damage or other indicators of water intrusion. We also took into account a limited building history, timeline of the current issue, observed the general maintenance of the structure and general construction practices. 2. A preliminary hypothesis was formulated based on visual inspection and/or instrumentation findings and the client's reported history of the event(s). The hypothesis was that due to moisture intrusion into building materials, mold growth may have occurred. 3. The hypothesis was tested by designing a sampling plan, collecting one or more types of environmental samples and using instrumentation to determine moisture content of materials at the time of the investigation. Samples were analyzed and reported by EMLab P&K laboratories, an American Industrial Hygiene Association accredited laboratory. All sample results are secondarily reviewed by Michael Buettner, CIE, CMR, CIAQM, for confirmation of interpretation. 4. The sample results and inspection findings were then used to validate/invalidate the preliminary hypothesis. It should be noted that environmental samples indicate only a snapshot in time and are not static. Air samples in particular can show a wide fluctuation of spore levels depending on the environmental conditions at the time of sampling. III. Methods A detailed visual inspection of the affected area(s) was performed by Advance Look. Moisture, temperature and relative humidity readings were taken. Environmental samples were collected. All sampling procedures follow the IESO'Standards of Practice for the Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality, Volume 1: Mold Sampling; Assessment of Mold Contamination, 2002. The application of this Standard applies only to the limited affected areas as indicated by the client. The inspection procedures in order to obtain information to generate the remediation protocol followed the IICRC S500 and 5520 Standards in addition to the IESO Standard (see reference section for more information). Regarding air samples, the IESO Standard calls for all windows and doors of the structure to be closed for at least 30 minutes prior to sampling. If an HVAC system or ceiling fan is present and/or available, it should be turned on prior to sampling to mix the air. The outdoor sample should be taken no less than ten feet away from the exterior of the structure. A minimum of one indoor and one outdoor sample must be collected when no suspect conditions are present, with the addition of one sample for each additional floor or each additional air -handling unit where applicable. IV. Inspection Limitations (see IESO standard for further details) • Inspection is limited to visible areas that do not pose a danger or physical hazard to the inspector • Inspection is limited to readily observable areas that do not require destructive sampling, unless specifically requested by the client (waiver form signed). • Recommendations are based on sample results that apply only to the exact time and day that samples were taken. Sample results may fluctuate based on weather conditions, air flow characteristics of building, HVAC system issues, etc. • Based on the opinion, judgment and experience of the sample collector, it is their discretion to determine the location and quanitity of samples taken, including but not limited to the collection of non - suspect samples as controls. • Any results or recommendations made by the inspector are not a warranty, surety or guarantee of any kind. • Identification of suspect areas is not intended to be a health risk assessment for the occupants. • Inspections and recommendations performed pursuant to the IESO standard rely upon the judgment and experience of the inspector and are not meant to be technically exhaustive. • Remediation recommendations are made based on the data collected during the investigation, including the background taken from the client, and current industry standards and practices. V. Overview of Remediation Recommendations These second set of ten houses are very similar to the first ten in scope of mold growth, water damage issues, etc. included here are two 4-bedroom homes, five 3-bedroom homes and two 2-bedroom homes. Most of the windows were compromised and needed replacement throughout the ten homes. Substantial mold growth was present in most homes. Exterior siding was severely compromised in all ten homes as well. Again, due to the dry weather at the time of year that the inspections took place, there were not many elevated moisture readings, but there was significant evidence of widespread moisture issues in the form of water staining and fungal growth. XVI. Mold Remediation General Procedures Remediation Overview This remediation protocol is based upon the IICRC S520 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation and to a lesser degree the EPA and NY City Guidelines for mold remediation. For proper containment, negative air, removal and cleaning procedures, please see the IICRC guide. It is assumed that the mold remediation professional is familiar with these standards and that they will be used to guide the remediation process. It is outside the scope of this report to describe in detail proper remediation practices. Technical classes that instruct remediation workers on proper techniques are the responsibility of the remediation contractor. For more information or to order a copy of the standards, please visit www.iicrc.ora. There may be circumstances in which it is necessary to deviate from the standard due to financial or logistical constraints. The occupants' health and wellbeing is always a guide to proper protocol. Proper Protective Equipment (PPE) Remediation workers or anyone entering contaminated areas during remediation should wear PPE at all times. This includes disposable protective clothing such as Tyvek suits, shoe covers, hoods, gloves, full -face respirators with N95 filtration cartridges, or half -face respirators with N95 cartridges and goggles. Respirators should be properly cleaned after each use and filters replaced regularly. Proper protective equipment and the use and maintenance of such is the responsibility of the remediation contractor. Containment (Please note that none of the houses so far will require containment during destruct. This section is included, however, for informational purposes.) Containment of airborne particulates from unaffected spaces during remediation should be a central focus. Two layers of at least 6-mil poly sheeting should be used to create the containment barriers, including any HVAC supplies and returns within the contained area. For containment walls, each layer should be individually secured to the ceiling and walls with zip poles to ensure that barriers remain intact throughout the remediation process. Negative air will be set up by appropriately ducting a HEPA air scrubber in order to create a vacuum inside the affected area. This ensures that air is flowing from unaffected areas into the contained area and not the other way around. This helps to minimize the potential for spore transference to clean areas during remediation. Please keep in mind that if attic or crawlspaces are exposed to the contained area, air will be pulled from these locations via negative air pressure. It is important to contain any pollutant pathways before negative air pressure is used. Please see the resources listed at the end of this report for further details on how to set up proper containment and for air exchange calculations. Removal of Materials As per IICRC S520 guidelines, contaminated or water damaged porous materials, such as drywall, should be removed to 24" beyond any visible sign of contamination or damage. Removal should begin from areas of highest contamination and/or moisture and work toward less contaminated/wet areas. HEPA air scrubbers should be set up so that work proceeds toward them. All removed materials will be bagged into 6 mil contractor bags, sealed and carried to a dumpster outside. If passage through the uncontained area is necessary to reach the outside, all bags and worker clothing will be HEPA vacuumed and/or wiped down before exiting the contained area. Structural materials that have not lost structural integrity can be cleaned in place. Cleaning/Drying Dehumidification is of extreme importance in order to ensure that drying time is decreased. Once removal of the bulk of the contaminated materials is complete, structural drying should be verified before the final detailed cleaning procedures commence. It is highly recommended that cleaning procedures inside the contained area begin from clean areas and work towards dirty areas. Cleaning should be approached from top to bottom and from source of make-up air towards the air -filtering device. The minimization of airborne spore levels should be a central focus throughout this process. The IICRC S520 reference guide states that: "Thorough cleaning consists of combining HEPA vacuuming with damp wiping so that minimum moisture remains on surfaces. Provide the necessary time for dust and spore settling between cleaning rounds." pp. 82 All surfaces within the containment field will be treated with at least two rounds of HEPA vacuuming with at least one round of damp -wiping with water and detergent (NOT BLEACH) in between HEPA vacuuming rounds, until a "white glove test" confirms that sufficient cleaning has been performed. Rags should be only damp, not wet, in order to minimize moisture transference to materials. Special attention should be paid to affected areas where water staining and/or mold growth are visible on structural materials. Stained areas may be roughened with scouring pads for deeper cleaning. Contaminated structural materials such as wall studs or subflooring may be stained from mold contamination even after the surface spores have been removed. Deeply rooted mold growth in structural materials should be scrubbed with scouring pads between HEPA vacuuming rounds, but should not be sanded due to the increase in airborne particulate matter that this creates. The reference guide goes on to state that: "Physically removing mold growth and spores is the guiding principle for mold remediation. Biocide application is discouraged and is not considered effective for mold remediation." pp. 82 In other words, using an EPA registered fungicide is fine, but should not be considered an "alternative" to the actual removal of spores. Structural drying should again be verified before cleaning is complete. In certain areas it may be necessary to use an encapsulation product. This applies to areas that for a variety of reasons cannot be reached either logistically or due to extreme financial prohibition, for proper cleaning. If an encapsulation product is used, it should be a product registered by the EPA for specific use as a mold encapsulation product and should be registered to kill the organisms relevant to this project. An MSDS for any products used during remediation should be given to the client upon request and it is recommended that the remediation company seek written approval by the client for any chemical products used. XVII. Post-Remediation Evaluation After cleaning is complete and the foreman on the remediation project feels that "white glove" status has been achieved in all areas, a post- remediation inspection should be performed by Advance Look in order to assess the efficacy of remediation. The HCRC S520 standard recommends that The Indoor Environmental Professional (IEP) conducting this evaluation be the same that performed the initial inspections. A thorough visual inspection should be performed during which detailed moisture readings should be taken in order to verify proper structural drying. Air samples should also be taken in order to verify that spore levels are within normal ranges. Samples will be sent to EMLab P&K for analysis and a post- remediation report will be provided. Appendix A. Table of Indicator Organisms (IESO Standard) Organism Aureobasidium As er illus* Chaetomium Fusarium Penicillium* Trichoderma Stachybotrys Ulocladium *Penicillium/Aspergillus species are often reported together as the structural similarity of these species makes it impossible to distinguish between them on direct exam slides. In addition, PenicilliumlAspergillus type species should not be considered water damage indicators unless elevated indoors when compared to outdoors. This is because they are also commonly found in low numbers outdoors. Appendix B.B. CFM Calculation (cubic feet/minute in order to maintain proper number of air exchanges within contained areas) Volume of work area = length x height x width Example: A room that has 8' ceilings and is 12 x 15 = 8 x 12 x 15 = 1440 fr; The air volume in cubic feet per minute (CFM) required, taking into account air changes per hour (ACH) is calculated as follows: (Recommended ACH is 6-12) Total work area volume x desired ACH = CFM required 60 minutes/hr. Example: 1440 W x 10 = 240 CFM required to maintain 10 ACH within work area 60 Appendix C. Design for retrofit overhang N T- r% IT, A 9 v i C. ' C � � m 7r c ^ l r �p e T, References 1. Institute for Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification, IICRC 5520 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation, First Edition, Dec. 2003 2. Bailey, Hollace S., Building Environment Consultants Inc., Fungal Contamination: A Manual for Investigation, Remediation and Control, First Edition, Aug. 2005 3. Indoor Environmental Standards Organization (IESO), Standards of Practice for the Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality, Second Edition, June 2003 4. Institute for Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification, IICRC S500 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Remediation 5. ACGIH, Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control, Janet Macher, Ed., American Confernece of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH, 1999 ;0�t#Af Eldvanee Laalc 3uilcins lnspectiona & Environmental Testing .tee Certified Environmental Noma Inspector _Residential Building Inspection Executive Report Client: Native Village of Kwinhagak Date: June 19, 2009 Email: jmark.nvk@gmail.com RE: Inspection of: AVCP Houses in the village of Quinhagak. Dear: John Mark Inspectors from our office personally visited the above cited properties during the week of June 15th. Synopsis: Advance Look Alaska visited the village for one week to train the housing department in proper remediation procedures and personal protection equipment use. Training conducted on one residence led to the discovery of deteriorated materials for the main structure of the building. Inspection of about 50 separate residences let to the same discovery on each. Elements: During the training session of the housing department staff, we used the residence owned by Nick Mark as a "training ground" for the remediation procedures and PPE deployment. One room was chosen as a remediation site and was properly sectioned off with containment barriers and then was taken apart with detail for the training. During the removal of drywall that had known mold growth on it, it was discovered that there was much more growth on the back side of the drywall than earlier testing or visual anticipation had revealed. Further, the growth had transitioned under the subflooring to a distance greater than 3 feet. Further, the growth had traveled up the interior wall to the top plate. We were not able to determine the condition of the structure leading up into the attic space as it was blocked by further materials. During this discovery, it was also noted that the lower section of the wall called the sill plate or sometimes the bottom plate, was deteriorated to the point of the woods able to be removed in small pieces with a bare hand. We transitioned to the exterior of the residence and began to open up a section of the exterior siding directly outside of the interior findings. The area was slowly removed one layer at a time. The outside layer is referred to as OSB type TI-11 style siding, this siding was visibly deteriorated and was tested for moisture content on the lower 3 feet of which it was90%+ saturated. After a saw cut designated the area to be removed the majority of the siding was removed by hand and fell into small pieces. Patrick Hartshorn 907-357-3967 Office 3715 N. Coronado St. 907-357-3907 Fax Wasilla Alaska, 99654 patrick(aaalaska.com Alaska Inspectors License #114 www.advancelookak.com The first layer under the siding was "Celotex" black foam insulation. This insulation was also saturated between the two outer "cellophane" layers. The insulation was removed to expose an inner layer of siding. The inner layer appeared to be cedar T 1-11 siding that covered down to the top of the support girder for the outer wall of the structure. This layer of siding was deteriorated beyond the outer layer and literally "fell" off the building in little pieces when attempted to be removed. The support girder was tested for moisture content and at 1" depth was 90% saturated. The condition of the girder was determined to be a complete loss as the structural strength is removed from the moisture intrusion and from weight being applied from the building having "sagged" the girder to the point of destruction. The determination made by the Advance Look Personnel on site was that the removal of any further materials needs to stop, the building is basically acting as a water balloon at this time and any further removal may "pop" the balloon and the entire structure will catastrophically start failing and would most likely completely fall apart. Even though the support girders, both layers of siding, the sill plates, the top plates, the drywall and most of the lower sections of wall studs are deteriorated to the point of having lost most or all of their designed strength, the building as a whole is most likely holding the roof up thru the combination of the amount of materials left that have some strength, removal of a small amount of these materials will most likely allow the building to self destruct. As for a remediation protocol or a scope of work for the proper remediation of these structures, it would be near impossible to properly remove the sections that need replacement without first supporting the entire roof structure with a third party system. Before any protocol could be written, the roof of one structure would need to be supported, sections of the interior and exterior would need to be removed and an inspection would need to be completed to document the condition of each and every area of the building. At this point, the only part of the structure thought to be in good condition is the center area of flooring and the visible area of the roof from the attic scuttle. Advance Look accompanied housing personnel and visually inspected the exterior of about 50 other AVCP houses in the village, the exterior views of the support girders and siding matched that of Nick Marks residence on all of the structures, with some appearing to be even more deteriorated. I wish you the best of fuck with this project. Sincerely, Patp6cki}fa rahotw Certified Residential Inspector Certified Environmental Home Inspector Certified Mold & Indoor Air Quality Inspector Alaska Inspectors License #114 907-357-3967 • patrick@alaska.com 2 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY August 3, 2009 Project: NVK Mold Remediation Kwinhagak, AK To Whom It May Concern: 541.301,2175 13i 4 Cov;a .Strife9•125 Vhdfod, OR 91501 I am the owner, lead investigator and instructor at Advanced Indoor Diagnostics. Working in partnership with Advance Look Building Inspections, our company was contracted to teach a mold remediation training class to the nine members of the building department at NVK. The class was held at NVK during the week of June 15th, 2009. On June 18th, 2009, the curriculum of the class consisted of equipment set up and materials removal on site at the home of Nick Mark, one of the residents of NVK. While teaching this portion of the class, a section of contaminated drywall was removed from the inside of an exterior wall in a bedroom, with the permission of the owner. This removal revealed not only mold contamination, but also severe water damage to the exterior wall framing. A decision was made to also remove some of the exterior siding to inspect for further damage and contamination. This decision was based on the visibly deteriorated and rotted exterior siding. The following is my analysis of my findings based on my inspection of the structure and the background information provided regarding the structure's history. The Nick Mark residence is one of 56 homes at NVK that received a weatherization "upgrade" in 1994/1995. The "upgrade" consisted of the addition of a Tyvek vapor barrier and a layer of cell-o-tex black core rigid foam insulation over the existing T-111 cedar exterior siding. This was followed by a layer of new exterior "OSB Smart Siding." Unfortunately, the agency or contractor responsible for designing and implementing this weatherization "upgrade" seems to not have understood the ramifications of utilizing these types of materials in this particular climate. Because there is a 3 mil poly vapor barrier on the interior side of the 2 x 6 exterior wall framing, the use of Tyvek and rigid foam insulation (which also has an aluminum foil vapor barrier on both sides of the foam) trapped moisture inside the exterior wall cavities. This was responsible for what I would characterize as catastrophic water damage to both the 2 x 6 exterior wall framing and the 14" wood beams that support the structure. The photo documentation sent electronically prior to this letter shows the extent of the damage that is described above. On June 19th, I made a random inspection of 18 of the remaining 55 houses that were included in the aforementioned "upgrade" and discovered the same conditions in all 18 inspected houses. It is thus highly likely that the damage to the exterior Copyright 2009 — Advanced Indoor Diagnostics ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INDOOR 541.301.2125 x;�su �t�dcxula�i„�tics.cr�7 Ha-s'31: d-n,-6C91T3 itf Wn !?14 Leader Jr. SAe F-12b +4 e, 0,1, OF 97501 wall framing and support beams of all the homes with the retrofitted insulation will be consistent with the structural damage to the Nick Mark residence. The structural integrity of the framing and support beams at the Nick Mark house would, in my opinion, be so compromised as to render this house unsafe for occupancy. This should be verified by a licensed structural engineer. It is possible that many if not all of the other homes included in the insulation "upgrade" may have the same level of compromised structural integrity caused by catastrophic water damage. In conclusion, the mold remediation training was completed on June 19, 2009. While mold contamination is definitely a serious issue in the homes that were originally inspected by Patrick Hartshorn of Advance Look and were included in the mold remediation protocol contract, the more serious issue from the standpoint of imminent safety is the compromised structural integrity of the homes due to severe water damage. It is our recommendation that the state of Alaska hire a structural engineer to make a thorough analysis of all of the affected homes in order to properly address the compromised structural integrity of the homes. Based on the visual evidence and the reported history of the issues affecting the aforementioned structures, it is clear that the damage to the homes was not caused by the residents of NVK, neither by neglect or improper use of the structures. It is very apparent that the damage was caused by the improper retrofitting of exterior insulation to the homes in 1994/1995. Please let me know if you have any additional questions regarding my inspection findings. I can be reached on my cell phone at 541-301-2231, Sincerely, Anton Abben, CIE Certified Indoor Environmentalists (Board -Awarded by the American Indoor Air Quality Council) (Accredited by the Council of Engineering and Scientific specialty Boards) ADVANCED INDOOR DIAGNOSTICS 1314 Center Dr. Suite B-125 Medford, OR 97501 541-301-2125 www.indoordiagnostics.com Copyright 2009 — Advanced Indoor Diagnostics N D.,00 . r,,,,. r I A G N 0 ST I C S 1L I-C L ) environmental %teshing investigation Indoor Diagnostics - Limited Mold/Water Damage Remediation Protocol The following pages contain excerpts from the complete report from Indoor Diagnostics detailing the remediation strategies for the 20 houses that were inspected. The report is presented in two sections. The first section covers the first 10 houses. The final ten houses are covered in an addendum. While each house has its own section detailing the findings and recommendations for that particular house, these detailed have been extracted due to the volume. The excerpts provide the details on the scope of work, approach, overall findings and recommendations. INDOOR DIAGNOSTICS enviro. erner.tal testing investigation Limited Mold/Water Damage Remediation Protocol November 30, 2008 Prepared For: Advance Look Building Inspections RE: Native Village of Quinhagak Prepared By: Marla Craddick, CIE Anton Abben, CIE Certified Indoor Environmentalists (Board -Awarded by the American Indoor Air Quality Council) (Accredited by the Council of Engineering and Scientific specially Boards) INDOOR DIAGNOSTICS INC. A division of Partners For Health Inc. 187 E. Butler Lane Ashland, OR 97520 541-552-1510 www.indoordiagnostics.com All Data Reviewed By: Michael Buettner, Respirnet Executive Review Coordinator Council Certified Indoor Air Quality Manager (CIAQM) #0710047 Exp. 10/30/2009 Total Pages: 63 I. Background and Introduction The Native Village of Quinhagak contracted Advance Look to perform inspections of twenty houses in the village, which are being transferred from HUD to the ownership of the village. Part of this transfer of ownership includes the necessity for the houses to be free of mold and water intrusion issues. A budget has been allocated to each house for this purpose. To this end, Patrick Hartshorn of Advance Look performed a mold and water intrusion inspection in each of the twenty houses in August of 2008. Photo documentation of each suspect area of mold growth or water intrusion was recorded and is available upon request. Sampling was performed in order to assess the levels of indoor airborne spores in each dwelling, and a thorough visual inspection was performed. The results of these sample analyses and the documentation provided by Advance Look were used to create these mold remediation protocols. The following report details the remediation strategies for the first ten houses of the project. The final ten houses will be covered in an addendum to this report upon authorization. Each house will have its own section detailing the findings and recommendations for that particular house before moving onto the next. This format was chosen in order to facilitate the use of the documentation by remediation workers. In other words, the specific information for each house will be in a format where it can be pulled as a unit from this report, copied and handed out to workers beginning work on that particular structure. This may make some of the information appear excessively repetitive, but will allow each home's protocol to stand on its own without having to refer back to previous sections of the report. At the end of this report will be addenda clarifying some remediation procedures and strategies, as well as references and calculations pertaining to the remediation process. OA II. Scope of Work Indoor Diagnostics was sub -contracted by Advance Look in order to provide a mold remediation protocol for each of the twenty affected dwellings. These protocols are based solely on the information provided by Advance Look. These protocols describe the affected areas of each structure, containment strategies for mold contamination where applicable, methods to remove and replace water damaged building materials and some strategies designed to help avoid continued water intrusion and/or mold growth in the future. It is not within the scope of work of these protocols to describe in detail the specific practices and techniques of professional mold remediation. Normally it is assumed that a certified mold remediation contractor who is familiar with these practices and techniques will be performing the cleaning and remediation of the structures. In this unique case, it is understood that a mold remediation training class will take place in the spring to train native workers to perform the remediation themselves. Therefore, the specialized information regarding techniques and strategies will be transmitted during that training. Some general guidelines with regard to proper practices will be included as a primer. The scope of work for the inspections completed by Advance Look included gathering information and documentation so that an accurate mold remediation protocol could then be generated by Indoor Diagnostics. Advance Look's scope of work included the following: 1. A visual inspection of the affected areas of the structure to look for evidence of fungal growth, source of moisture intrusion, compromised areas of the building envelope, mechanical deficiencies, areas of visible water damage, deterioration of materials due to water damage or other indicators of water intrusion. We also took into account a limited building history, timeline of the current issue, observed the general maintenance of the structure and general construction practices. 2. A preliminary hypothesis was formulated based on visual inspection and/or instrumentation findings and the client's reported history of the event(s). The hypothesis was that due to moisture intrusion into building materials, mold growth may have occurred. 3. The hypothesis was tested by designing a sampling plan, collecting one or more types of environmental samples and using 3 instrumentation to determine moisture content of materials at the time of the investigation. Samples were analyzed and reported by EMLab P&K laboratories, an American Industrial Hygiene Association accredited laboratory. All sample results are secondarily reviewed by Michael Buettner, CIE, CMR, CIAQM, for confirmation of interpretation. 4. The sample results and inspection findings were then used to validate/invalidate the preliminary hypothesis. It should be noted that environmental samples indicate only a snapshot in time and are not static. Air samples in particular can show a wide fluctuation of spore levels depending on the environmental conditions at the time of sampling. An 111. Methods A detailed visual inspection of the affected area(s) was performed by Advance Look. Moisture, temperature and relative humidity readings were taken. Environmental samples were collected. All sampling procedures follow the IESO Standards of Practice for the Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality, Volume I: Mold Sampling; Assessment of Mold Contamination, 2002. The application of this Standard applies only to the limited affected areas as indicated by the client. The inspection procedures in order to obtain information to generate the remediation protocol followed the IICRC 5500 and S520 Standards in addition to the IESO Standard (see reference section for more information). Regarding air samples, the IESO Standard calls for all windows and doors of the structure to be closed for at least 30 minutes prior to sampling. If an HVAC system or ceiling fan is present and/or available, it should be turned on prior to sampling to mix the air. The outdoor sample should be taken no less than ten feet away from the exterior of the structure. A minimum of one indoor and one outdoor sample must be collected when no suspect conditions are present, with the addition of one sample for each additional floor or each additional air -handling unit where applicable. 5 IV. Inspection Limitations (see IESO standard for further details) • Inspection is limited to visible areas that do not pose a danger or physical hazard to the inspector Ok Inspection is limited to readily observable areas that do not require destructive sampling, unless specifically requested by the client (waiver form signed). • Recommendations are based on sample results that apply only to the exact time and day that samples were taken. Sample results may fluctuate based on weather conditions, air flow characteristics of building, HVAC system issues, etc. • Based on the opinion, judgment and experience of the sample collector, it is their discretion to determine the location and quantity of samples taken, including but not limited to the collection of non - suspect samples as controls. • Any results or recommendations made by the inspector are not a warranty, surety or guarantee of any kind. • Identification of suspect areas is not intended to be a health risk assessment for the occupants. • Inspections and recommendations performed pursuant to the IESO standard rely upon the judgment and experience of the inspector and are not meant to be technically exhaustive. • Remediation recommendations are made based on the data collected during the investigation, including the background taken from the client, and current industry standards and practices. roll V. Overview of Remediation Recommendations Houses 1-4, 6 and 10 Houses 1-4, 6 and 10 (see reports for further details on assigned numbers) are grouped together because the structures are similar. All have similar issues and are oriented in the same direction in the same area. All have a layer of foil -backed rigid foam insulation installed over the exterior siding, with a second layer of T-111 OSB siding added on top of the foam insulation. There are two problems with this. First, a layer of visqueen on the inside of the studs was used as a vapor barrier. This combined with the foil backed foam on the outside means that the walls cannot breathe and moisture is being trapped inside the exterior wall cavities. This has caused serious deterioration of the exterior siding, and may have caused mold growth inside the wall cavities in some locations (will know more as materials are removed). All of the outer layer of exterior siding as well as the rigid foam insulation underneath will have to be removed from each of these homes. Second, the trim and flashing detail around the windows and doors of these homes appear to be compromised due to the addition of the layer of foam insulation and additional layer of exterior siding, which is also likely causing water intrusion into the exterior wall cavities. It is possible that the original layer of siding under the foam insulation has further deteriorated and it may also need to be partially or completely removed and replaced. This original siding will have to be carefully inspected for water damage, mold growth and structural integrity in order to determine how much will need to be replaced on each of these six houses. If an additional insulation factor is needed, a strategy will need to be formulated in which the wall remains breathable and does not trap moisture. Finally, because none of the houses in this group have overhangs to protect the siding and window trim, it is highly recommended that an overhang be added to the homes to prevent water intrusion and siding damage in the future. A design for an overhang which could be retrofitted to the houses is included in Appendix C. Houses 1-10 (all of first ten houses) All wood or faux wood wall paneling should be removed from all walls in all houses. Paneling is nearly impossible to properly remediate or to inspect behind without destruction, so drywall should replace all paneled 7 walls. For exterior walls that are already drywalled, four feet of drywall will need to be removed from the bottom of all of the exterior walls in order to inspect for mold growth, water damage and the possible loss of structural integrity due to severe wood rot around the bottom plate and the bottom of the exterior wall studs. Some areas of rot were observed during the inspections. If any wood paneling exists on the interior side of the exterior walls, it will need to be removed as all wood paneling was installed over drywall. All OSB sheathing on the bottom (exterior) of the floor framing of the houses should be inspected for damage/contamination. After remediation is complete, all OSB sheathing should be encapsulated on the exterior side so that it creates a more moisture -resistant surface. Due to potential water intrusion and extreme weather conditions, some of the 4x10 perimeter beams supporting the houses appear to have sagged or warped substantially. These perimeter beams should be inspected for any possible loss of structural integrity. It may be necessary to install additional piers or support posts mid -span in order to prevent additional sagging. The photos show degraded/compromised exterior trim detail around some of the windows and doors. Also, some exterior siding (especially on north facing walls) appears to be compromised from water damage and or mold contamination. All compromised trim and siding needs to be replaced. All remaining or replaced trim detail needs to be properly flashed and sealed (caulked) to prevent future water intrusion. Some homes demonstrate sinking subflooring in some areas where swales have developed due to water damage. The damaged subfloor in these areas will need to be cut out and replaced. There are also some damaged windows that are either broken or have compromised thermal seals where moisture has caused fogging between the two layers of glass. These windows will need to be replaced. There are multiple locations in many of the homes where mold growth is observed in the corners of ceiling junctions. This is likely due to wall cavity insulation not being properly tucked into corners during construction. The lack of insulation in these corners makes the surface temperature of the drywall there much colder and condensation forms on the surface of the drywall. During remediation it is recommended, if possible, to assure that these corners are adequately insulated to avoide this problem recurring. Finally, as will be shown in the psychrometric tables of each individual house protocol, the relative humidity readings were extremely high in all of the homes. Some type of maintainable dehumidification system may be necessary in order to avoid moisture intrusion from condensation. ***It should also be noted that there may be additional areas of visible contamination or water damage inside any of the homes. Due to personal items and furniture in the homes, it was not possible to assess all surfaces. Once items are removed it will be possible to better assess other damaged locations. New Bathrooms Many of the houses were having new bathrooms installed at the time of the inspections. It was apparent that the studs and plumbing of some of these new bathrooms were going up over the top of moldy and water - damaged drywall. Wherever this was the case, the new walls will have to be removed in order to remove the moldy drywall and remediate the wall cavities properly. Also, during this same construction process, the contractor cut off the ventilation pipe to the air exchangers and buried them inside the wall cavities in some locations. If new HRV (Heat Recovery Ventilators) are installed, the pipe connections will need to be reestablished. 9 XVI. Mold Remediation General Procedures Remediation Overview This remediation protocol is based upon the IICRC S520 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation and to a lesser degree the EPA and NY City Guidelines for mold remediation. For proper containment, negative air, removal and cleaning procedures, please see the IICRC guide. It is assumed that the mold remediation professional is familiar with these standards and that they will be used to guide the remediation process. It is outside the scope of this report to describe in detail proper remediation practices. Technical classes that instruct remediation workers on proper techniques are the responsibility of the remediation contractor. For more information or to order a copy of the standards, please visit www.iicrc.org. There may be circumstances in which it is necessary to deviate from the standard due to financial or logistical constraints. The occupants' health and wellbeing is always a guide to proper protocol. Proper Protective Equipment (PPE) Remediation workers or anyone entering contaminated areas during remediation should wear PPE at all times. This includes disposable protective clothing such as Tyvek suits, shoe covers, hoods, gloves, full -face respirators with N95 filtration cartridges, or half -face respirators with N95 cartridges and goggles. Respirators should be properly cleaned after each use and filters replaced regularly. Proper protective equipment and the use and maintenance of such is the responsibility of the remediation contractor. Containment (Please note that none of the houses so far will require containment during destruct. This section is included, however, for informational purposes.) Containment of airborne particulates from unaffected spaces during remediation should be a central focus. Two layers of at least 6-mil poly sheeting should be used to create the containment barriers, including any HVAC supplies and returns within the contained area. For containment walls, each layer should be individually secured to the ceiling and walls with zip poles to ensure that barriers remain intact throughout the remediation 56 process. Negative air will be set up by appropriately ducting a HEPA air scrubber in order to create a vacuum inside the affected area. This ensures that air is flowing from unaffected areas into the contained area and not the other way around. This helps to minimize the potential for spore transference to clean areas during remediation. Please keep in mind that if attic or crawlspaces are exposed to the contained area, air will be pulled from these locations via negative air pressure. It is important to contain any pollutant pathways before negative air pressure is used. Please see the resources listed at the end of this report for further details on how to set up proper containment and for air exchange calculations. Removal of Materials As per IICRC 5520 guidelines, contaminated or water damaged porous materials, such as drywall, should be removed to 24" beyond any visible sign of contamination or damage. Removal should begin from areas of highest contamination and/or moisture and work toward less contaminated/wet areas. HEPA air scrubbers should be set up so that work proceeds toward them. All removed materials will be bagged into 6 mil contractor bags, sealed and carried to a dumpster outside. If passage through the uncontained area is necessary to reach the outside, all bags and worker clothing will be HEPA vacuumed and/or wiped down before exiting the contained area. Structural materials that have not lost structural integrity can be cleaned in place. Cleaning/Drying Dehumidification is of extreme importance in order to ensure that drying time is decreased. Once removal of the bulk of the contaminated materials is complete, structural drying should be verified before the final detailed cleaning procedures commence. It is highly recommended that cleaning procedures inside the contained area begin from clean areas and work towards dirty areas. Cleaning should be approached from top to bottom and from source of make-up air towards the air -filtering device. The minimization of airborne spore levels should be a central focus throughout this process. The IICRC S520 reference guide states that: 57 "Thorough cleaning consists of combining HEPA vacuuming with damp wiping so that minimum moisture remains on surfaces. Provide the necessary time for dust and spore settling between cleaning rounds. " pp. 82 All surfaces within the containment field will be treated with at least two rounds of HEPA vacuuming with at least one round of damp -wiping with water and detergent (NOT BLEACH) in between HEPA vacuuming rounds, until a "white glove test" confirms that sufficient cleaning has been performed. Rags should be only damp, not wet, in order to minimize moisture transference to materials. Special attention should be paid to affected areas where water staining and/or mold growth are visible on structural materials. Stained areas may be roughened with scouring pads for deeper cleaning. Contaminated structural materials such as wall studs or subflooring may be stained from mold contamination even after the surface spores have been removed. Deeply rooted mold growth in structural materials should be scrubbed with scouring pads between HEPA vacuuming rounds, but should not be sanded due to the increase in airborne particulate matter that this creates. The reference guide goes on to state that: "Physically removing mold growth and spores is the guiding principle for mold remediation. Biocide application is discouraged and is not considered effective for mold remediation. " pp. 82 In other words, using an EPA registered fungicide is fine, but should not be considered an "alternative" to the actual removal of spores. Structural drying should again be verified before cleaning is complete. In certain areas it may be necessary to use an encapsulation product. This applies to areas that for a variety of reasons cannot be reached either logistically or due to extreme financial prohibition, for proper cleaning. If an encapsulation product is used, it should be a product registered by the EPA for specific use as a mold encapsulation product and should be registered to kill the organisms relevant to this project. An MSDS for any products used during remediation should be given to the client upon request and it is recommended that the remediation company seek written approval by the client for any chemical products used. 58 XVII. Post-Remediation Evaluation After cleaning is complete and the foreman on the remediation project feels that "white glove" status has been achieved in all areas, a post- remediation inspection should be performed by Advance Look in order to assess the efficacy of remediation. The IICRC S520 standard recommends that The Indoor Environmental Professional (IEP) conducting this evaluation be the same that performed the initial inspections. A thorough visual inspection should be performed during which detailed moisture readings should be taken in order to verify proper structural drying. Air samples should also be taken in order to verify that spore levels are within normal ranges. Samples will be sent to EMLab P&K for analysis and a post- remediation report will be provided. 59 Appendix A.A. Table of Indicator Organisms (IESO Standard) Organism Aureobasidium As er illus* Chaetomium Fusarium Penicillium* Trichoderma Stachybotrys Ulocladium *Penicillium/Aspergillus species are often reported together as the structural similarity of these species makes it impossible to distinguish between them on direct exam slides. In addition, Penicillium/Aspergillus type species should not be considered water damage indicators unless elevated indoors when compared to outdoors. This is because they are also commonly found in low numbers outdoors. .E Appendix B. CFM Calculation (cubic feet/minute in order to maintain proper number of air exchanges within contained areas) Volume of work area = length x height x width Example: A room that has 8' ceilings and is 12 x 15 = 8 x 12 x 15 = 1440 ft3 The air volume in cubic feet per minute (CFM) required, taking into account air changes per hour (ACH) is calculated as follows: (Recommended ACH is 6-12) Total work area volume x desired ACH = CFM required 60 minutes/hr. Example: 1440 fe x 10 = 240 CFM required to maintain 10 ACH within work area 60 031 Appendix C. Design for retrofit overhang 3 T- Tr1 rn Il wi �z rn r C 62 References 1. Institute for Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification, IICRC S520 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Mold Remediation, First Edition, Dec. 2003 2. Bailey, Hollace S., Building Environment Consultants Inc., Fungal Contamination: A Manual for Investigation, Remediation and Control, First Edition, Aug. 2005 3. Indoor Environmental Standards Organization (IESO), Standards of Practice for the Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality, Second Edition, June 2003 4. Institute for Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification, IICRC S500 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Remediation 5. ACGIH, Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control, Janet Macher, Ed., American Confernece of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH, 1999 63 n 90M rnbr"ll.I" riff 36"1" RNOWtim No. MM T otgu AMA A Rewlutim whra4n the Dative Village of Kwhiheigak Cuinhagak I.R.A. Coil and Ow City of QuWwpk City Coundl declare a Major Viseeter SvwTgency In Qtittthagalt, Alaska. WHERUS; The Native Village of Kvhnhagak is a federally rawpdwd Tribe organized pt mtmt to the Irulie XeurpnLzed Act of June 18,19K as amended by the am of June 15,1933 and May 1, 19; auW WHEREAS: TNe City of QuLrihapk is a 2nd Class City lomted at app"Y)d Mately 59-7468900 North Latitude and-161.915&MO West L notude. (Sec.17, IMS, R074 , &word Maidisn ), in the Betlaet Recording Dastri&, and WHEREAS: The g+averni xg body of the Native Vftge of ICwWukpk is a sevew member I X A. Cm mdl which is hilly auffiodwd to act for and on W%a f of its h*P1 mernbears Ouvagh tt SelfDetemlrukdon Act V 197!, Fublf c T,aw q349A as amended, 25 U ".C, 6 450 et. wrl w ;r„d WMREAS; The governing body of the City of Q ukdwgak +Gib►' is a a ven-snw*er City Council which is authorized to act for and an bduW of the City, and i USAS The City of QoW"ak and the Native Villager of XwWwVk admirtish-adm are consolidated under the Oty/MA Memorandum of Agent to maximize effide+rKy and cpmMv"fh, ber rOf wSiolo working tether can 3sus that am,, of CMWM to the communihr, and V EAS: The nwdularr housing stole pwvlded by AVCP Reg arW Ho u►sir* Authority, assembled in Qud ak in ttu lea and re wvated in the 19M, hu bey dam, by three sepamte studies to be inmf6aent to handle tht diamw heating, and cceul onq loe4o %A f uj WHEREU: A team fmm Cold Climate Hov aing Rewarch Center (CCHRC) co sting of Jack iAeM Primder*JCW, acHn8 an for Bof1din,g Scientiia h Aarm Cooke, A tchitacWa UeslgwrMrOed .Manager, and �1.� 11�� 86bai�6 Cftv Con" MM emy of Elliot Wilmi, End with PDC Erqftw=a& caetducted ar in-depth analysis of a wimhme sample f" st ructura vftriky, bumft en e "indihom and intedor enwwrLmertt. CCMC detemurwd that the fluor aal arad sbuchual inte" of each sample was gmMy compmmumd. and that Owe muctvres may be unsak for occupancy in terms of both phYmI aftnty and Mks to human health. CCHRC wumu nbed trt ttrdr wudyds canAticted an September 9, 2MR, "it shsa Z be no cerise " after thirty yeah these buildiag are vd*iting erasinent catasftophic failure, and 'i+ HOE iS: Mle te*Utigue used Coc Se weadwdzation "upgracde" in the 1990r. compounded dais p ublem by trapping motet re in the asrck1br wall Cavities nsuldng in ext+erinve water and mold ufiitrabM veduced air gL"fy► and bucilding dwam, stn:ctur& and eCrarxa k fidlu e. And created wit Advance Indoor Diagr oetics referred to as 'icaboh phic water damp to both the r x r exterim wraU fc*nn % Asti ;-4m" * ?•e* that support the atuucturW1 and WHERU& Ceddhed Ind= &WftWn%entsh8% of Advanced Indoor Diagwabm conducted a saaadom #respecter of 18 of the 55 houses pro Wed through AVCP that wwe mcluded in a'weathl ntatiort upgrrde" in 1990995, and raporbod thakt aIl 1$ inspected hmLws Ste stTtiCttirally owpu"uwu raking the hones urmh for ompancy while pewit% n m witi ilucdib W'I3'l±Rl M: In the Rwiderntial Buildbfxg Lnspecbm Executive Report by a C abed Ea vitom vmtd Mane hLVeLtor from Advance Look it was deterndried. that h,►rtdter mate<tal removal NW to stop to peevent the entire struchm trarm acataser+oplucWly faaihing and moat Mudy completely fatting apaW; and WHEREAS. The Tribal CouncWs 8,ug is to ensure all safe, amid, send, aM affordable living ccmWd* s: and WHEREAS: Th a Naative Village of Kw 1wgak How" Dgmrtur mfs misfit mdud+es pruvidmg new affordable, aak, and decent housing to ehote Cfty of . am 90 ;WT) M-ftit ftm S664MG apphr a nts with the greatest wed m reladanhip to ftwome, family o rrrowding< safety, c ondsltim of home, ap, and hwAap and rehabilitating and repsidM vdsgng homes of eNgible indfviduaft and WHMtEAS; The Native Vrila3e of Kwinhagak and dw City of Chtkftgek age the fr4ings h oom dwe reports aard evidaw in the coat►nutnity ax&m "homing poses a direct and imminent threat of suffidmt vwgadtude and severity to just the declaration, of a n*m dipster emergency which is h7tely to dearly exmed local capabilities and regtaire a broad - ram of state " wew Anistam; WHEREAS: Native Arts and Alaska Nadva mrnztdy eVaiwce sedan* of dw arose subv hw datd hosing cmditic r of any ,group in the Utdted States. Chrwdc problems include ov s ubat darrd oxuiW n% lark of iakrastiructnr+o~ and a sho" of fimndng optimm. NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED the Na dve Village of Kwinhagak grid the City of Quin aga k agree with the & diop of the CC +C s determitxa&c6 '...that the widespread use of them harnaes has cteated a probk-rn of crisis proportions for the village: du? are for all pmci ml lain tmsalvageable, yet to condemn thee► all would leave r+ouAly one third of the v0AP wid=t shelter." NOW, THEMO RE BE IT PURTEMR RESOLVED the owdiiaon of titeae tomes w far beyond cost-eftective rrhab talon and could exc ed the cwt of new awmmetion and the Native Village of Kwin aagak is seekMg capital ftv%ding and assistance from local, state, and federal scaurcea to, address Ode )or Disaater F.m ergcncy and mrnriff • a mar i,mnms kar "te it cxrau> Welty vwmb ; WOW, I"HEKEFORK BE IT FLMTKU REWL V ? the Nabim Village of Kwtdugak and the City of Qukd ag* atirisr careful review of the of6[cW dmvmtstion ldentlAed in this resolution, arA after exmb the actual hmft condida m fixnW, is decl;Wng a Major Visaater Smergetty for aveir o mmunity. 31dk vubpw o Praia- 144,91, , 'Quh0hawtv- Womba6 tan Tw ses-st" 1 �+ 40ilei- ' eP.O. P Paced awl appmed by a duly mubbiW quonun of tM Nathm vUbV of Kwmlwgak IRA T: i Council on thm _ 2*" day of b c3 sNef — ,_ 9, by m vote of Pawd =4 approved by a duly madhxed cluarunt of the City of QkuinkmSaLk City CounCrim dds , day of e� --2W9,byavoteof AL-Yes..�jL.., � Y. `� r TrUW Couned Pmadent Ci mayor HOUSING ANALYSIS IN QUINHAGAK, ALASKA Prepared for: The Native Village of Kwinhagak (NVK) in cooperation with: Rural Community Development Consultants 1120 Huffman Road, Ste. 24 #612 Anchorage, AK, 99515 (907)345-7232 Prepared by: the Cold Climate Housing Research Center P.O. Box 82489 Fairbanks, AK, 99708-2489 (907) 457-3454 and PDC Engineering, Inc. 1028 Aurora Dr. Fairbanks, AK, 99709 (907) 452-1414 C.o[ri 0 f.-r .F Houstric; RF�,F 1,RO1 CFNTFr CCHRC Pr.0 INC. FNG1NEhRS CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS ENGINEERING ANALYSIS APPENDIX: HOUSE -BY -HOUSE DOCUMENTATION Cc,[.,) CG.Tr,xr, illoosrra FF ;r f.CA {-'FNTFI, CCHRC T'DC INC. ENGiNFEF3 Cold GmGte ! IoLsing Reseo-rch Center CCHRC September 9, 2009 Wassillie Bavilla, President The Native Village of Kwinhagak Site Inspections and Recommendations Report Executive Summary On request of the Native Village of Kwinhagak a team from the Cold Climate Housing Research Center visited the village on September 2 — 4, 2009. The team consisted of myself, President/CEO acting as Senior Building Scientist; Aaron Cooke, Architectural Designer/Project Manager; and Elliot Wilson, Engineer with PDC Engineering. Prior to the visit our team reviewed the Residential Building Inspection Report and photographs provided by Advance Look Building Inspections. My initial interpretation was that this was a very serious situation that would require a visit to the village to see the damage first hand. It was our hope that the reports reflected the worst case scenario. We were asked to survey and analyze 55 homes that were delivered in the 1970's and retrofitted in the 1990's. A ten home sample was selected by the housing director for an in-depth analysis of the structural integrity, building envelope condition, and interior environment typical to this housing stock. It was the intent of the housing director that this house sample represented the full spectrum of physical conditions to include "worst off' and "better off' examples. Unfortunately, upon field examination, we determined that the thermal and structural integrity is severely compromised in all sample homes. Our visit revealed a real concern that these structures may be unsafe for occupancy. These concerns involve inhabitant's physical safety due to the soundness of the structure and health safety due to the presence of mold. Mold is prolific throughout all structures. In addition to the safety of the houses, is the concern that the cost to heat these homes to a livable and safe level is a huge burden on the occupant. A tight interior building envelope coupled with a lack of ventilation has created conditions where mold growth and serious decay of the structures is endemic. The building wall cavities and insulation are continually being exposed to high humidity and condensation. The wall construction will not allow drying to occur at any time of the year. In addition to high levels of humidity and seasonal condensing events in the wall cavity generated from the interior of the buildings, from the exterior, water intrusion due to poor flashing detail, absence of eaves and gutters, and poorly maintained surface finishes allows soaking of sheeting and structural lumber whenever there is any rainfall. These homes literally never have an opportunity to dry. The structure's organic components are saturated or near saturated in some areas continuously. It should be no surprise that after thirty years these building are exhibiting eminent catastrophic failure. CCHRC Internet Web Site: hqp://www.echrc.org P.O. Box 82489, Fairbanks, AK 99708 Phone: (907)457-3454 Fax: (907)457-3456 The expense of remediation, repair, and renovation may well approach or exceed the cost of new construction. Economic considerations should be looked at seriously before any major work is done. However, as our report points out, there are some safety issues that should be addressed immediately, regardless of long term strategies. In particular, the entry porches and stairs must be brought to a minimal level of soundness to protect occupants from possible serious injury or death. The period of time that any of these homes can continue to be occupied is very short and in some cases has arrived. It is imperative that the community work closely and immediately with other concerned individuals and organizations to address this real crisis. The cost of new construction and energy in Rural Alaska has escalated well beyond what is affordable or even possible to meet an escalating need. Real innovation will have to be explored if a brighter future is to be realized. This must involve a collaborative effort with the community, designers, researchers, potential funders, state and federal agencies, and construction professionals. Please contact us if we can clarify our findings further or assist in any way. Sincerely, Xa -) Jack Hdbert President/CEO Cold Climate Housing Research Center CCH RC Architectural Analysis of 70s Era Homes in Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Page 1 Architectural Analysis Summary: The initial 70s era construction assembly of the housing stock analyzed in Quinhagak was insufficient to handle the climatic, heating, and occupancy loads of rural Western Alaska. As a result, the exterior envelopes of the buildings have been completely compromised, the sites are experiencing significant subsidence, mold and rot have infiltrated the homes, and they are too difficult to heat effectively. The retrofit of the 1990s that was meant to rectify this situation instead compounded the problem. Water infiltration and mold are extensive, air quality is poor, and the buildings are failing their inhabitants thermally, structurally, and economically. We con- clude that the widespread use of these homes has created a problem of crisis proportions for the village: they are for all practical purposes unsalvageable, yet to condemn them all would leave roughly one third of the village without shelter. Construction Type The homes analyzed in Quinhagak are ranch -style, stud frame -construction that were delivered pre -con- structed in two halves and then assembled on site. The homes are approximately 1000 square feet, rectangular, and oriented along a roughly East-West axis so as to expose one of the long sides of the home to the South. The buildings rest on cylindrical wood piles that were initially 36-48 inches above grade but the ground has since subsided to create heights up to 72-84 inches. Girders carry the weight of the structure to the piles, with joists hanging from the girders in the perpendicular direction. The original design was 2x6 stud framing with a vapor barrier and sheathing, truss roofs and corrugated metal roofing material. The roofs do not have eaves or gutters. The original walls were filled with faced Fiberglass batting insulation with an approximate thermal resistance of R-19. The ceiling was initially laid with faced Fiberglass batting insulation for an approximate thermal resis- tance of R-19 During the weatherization retrofit that took place in the 1990's, 1" of foil faced polyurethane board "Blackcore Celotex" insulation and T 111 type strand board sheathing were added to the outside of the studs. Another layer of R-13 insulation was also added to the ceiling. l2" Oriented -Strand -Board (OSB) was placed under the floor joists in all homes except one, which was sprayed with polyurethane foam. Figures 1 and 2: Typical elevations of the homes analyzed in Quinhagak. Cold Climate Housing Research Center --- - —.- - Architectural Analysis of 70s Era Homes in Quinhagak CCHRC September 3, 2009 Page 2 Exterior Envelope Damage In all the homes analyzed, the exterior envelope has been severely compromised by water infiltration. Moisture content readings were performed on each of the homes. Moisture content was measured at 1)The structural girder under the wall, 2)The lower edge of the exterior sheathing of the wall, 3)The exterior sheath- ing 2' up on the wall, and 4)the interior sheathing of the wall at 2' above the bottom edge. Acceptable levels of moisture content in construction -grade lumber generally fall below 15%. Anything above 20% is considered susceptible to mold and rot. The girders in the homes analyzed consistently were at or surpassed 40% moisture content (The Moisture Content Sensor does not read moisture content levels above 40%). In Many cases we ob- served total saturation. The lower edge of the exterior sheathing on the wall also consistently rated at or above 40% moisture content. The exterior sheathing at 2' above the bottom edge averaged 29.9% moisture content. On the south side of the house, the exterior sheathing held less moisture content than the north side of the house due to drying from solar exposure. However, The interior sheathing on both sides was equally saturated, show- ing that the interior of the wall was not able to dry even in warm conditions. The contributing factors to this extremely high rate of water infiltration include the complete lack of eaves and gutters on the homes, the double vapor barrier that was a product of the retrofit, and the building's complete inability to dry itself through heating or solar exposure. Figure 3: Extensive mold growth on the north facade. Cold Climate Housing Research Center CCH RC architectural Analysis of 70s Era Homes in Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Page 3 The lack of eaves or gutter has created water damage to the home, and the problem was exacerbated with the retrofit of the 1990's. With more than 1 %" added to the wall section and no eaves extension, water is allowed to run freely not only down the outside of the envelope, but also within it. Water drains down the out- side of the wall and saturates the bottom of the exterior sheathing and structure. It is then wicked back up the wall, filling the cavity with moisture. The addition of the foil face celotex to the home during the energy retrofit had similarly catastrophic consequences. The double vapor barrier created by the rigid foam board does not allow drying to the exterior even when conditions are favorable. This creates a situation in which the wall very efficiently traps water, holds condensation, and creates an ideal home for mold. The combination of the double vapor barrier, lack of eaves, high occupancy load, high Delta-T (differ- ence between outdoor and indoor temperatures), and wet climate prohibit the building from ever drying. In the winter, there is too much humidity and not enough heat to allow the building to dry from the inside. The wet climate and double vapor barrier prohibit drying from the outside. This explains why, even on sunny days when the exterior sheathing on the southern face of the building held less moisture than the northern side, the interior sheathing was still just as saturated. Figure 4: girder/sheathing saturation, exterior. rigure o: giraer saWratioi i, interior. rF Figure 6: window rot and mold growth. Cold Climate Housing Research Center Architectural Analysis of 70s Era Homes in Quinhagak CCHRC September 3, 2009 Page 4 Mold The community described anecdotally presence of mold before the initial visit by CCHRC and PDC Engineering. Arnold remediation crew had been sent to Quinhagak, and separate reports on mold growth were submitted by Advance Look Building Inspections & Environmental Testing and Advanced Indoor Diagnostics in June and August 2009, respectively. This report documents the extensive presence of mold in the exterior, interior, and wall cavity of the typical home. We agree with the findings of this report. On the exterior envelope, mold is found to be most prominent on the northern facade of the homes, as that side receives the least light and has the least ability to dry. Visible mold has formed on the top of windows and stains the entirety of North -facing sheathing on the facade. In the interior of the home, mold is common around window frames, in the corners of the home farthest from the heating appliance and closest to the joint of roof and wall. This is likely because these areas of the home are most susceptible to cold and damp due to distance from the heating source and lack of an energy heel on the roof. Without an energy heel on the truss, insulation cannot be easily laid at the corner above the wall to an adequate depth. Figure 7: Extensive mold growth on north facade. Figure 7: typical mold growth on window. f'ut.0 CLr-.-:re Nous­, C.FniT[i: ti CCHRC Figure 7: Existing holes in mold and rot in floor joists Subsidence Cold Climate Housing Research Center Architectural Analysis of 70s Era Homes in Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Page 5 Ih r + Figure 8: holes cut into flooring reveal mold and rot in floor joists In the typical homes analyzed in Quinhagak, the soil surrounding the home had subsided from under the building, creating standing water around the base of the building, typically at the south side. Subsidence occurs when heat begins to melt the frozen ground around the pilings, causing the level of grade to fall away from the building. The homes analyzed in Quinhagak have subsidence issues on the south face of the property. Of the ten homes analyzed, six were experiencing significant subsidence issues. In the buildings experiencing subsid- ence, the difference in grade height between the north pilings and south pilings averaged 19.5". Although such subsidence can create problems with standing water and eventually expose enough of the pilings to create a structural problem, this issue is not nearly as pressing as the water infiltration, mold, and heating problems pres- ent in the homes. One specific area that is significantly pressing is subsidence under the arctic -entryway, which has left the typical entryway unsupported and dangerous. For a detailed account of this problem area, please see the engi- neering report. Figure 9: subsidence of the earth has led to more than six feet of exposed pilings. Cold Climate Housing Research Center - -- -.- -. - . ------ -. - -. . - . Architectural Analysis of 70s Era Homes in Quinhagak CCHRC September 3, 2009 Page 6 Implications for Heating Load/Ventilation The interior spaces of the homes analyzed in Quinhagak are below a standard that would be considered acceptable in terms of keeping out the cold and damp. Although not tested specifically by CCHRC or PDC Engineering, it seems very likely that mold growth leads to an unacceptable level of air quality in the home as well. Residents primarily use heating oil to heat their homes. Additionally, residents are pressed to search out wood to supplement their heating load. Each home analyzed in Quinhagak had both a Toyo-style heater and a traditional wood stove. There are no trees in Quinhagak, and residents must travel three hours to the mountains on snowmachine to collect wood for supplemental energy. The water -saturated nature of the wall section makes the home nearly impossible to heat properly in the winter. Typical homes in this sample use 110 gallons of heat- ing oil per month, and some surveyed needed to use that amount nearly every two weeks during the coldest part of winter. This can lead to heating bills of up to $900 a month in the winter. The median family income level in Quinhagak is $25,313, and roughly 26% of the community is below poverty line. There is little conceivable way for the current inhabitants of the buildings to be able to properly heat them with the resources present and the nature of the construction. Figure 11: Typical wood stove found in most residences visited. Figure 10: Visible mold growth at the under - insulated truss -wall connection point CCHRC 1000 Fairbanks St PO Box 82489 Fairbanks, AK, 99708-2489 www.cchrc.org (907) 457-3454 Fax: (907) 457 3456 lbo FOG INC:. III+llCMEFIRS Summary: Transforming Challenges into Solutions Anchorage Fairbanks TRIP REPORT Due to the extensive water damage from external and internal water infiltration, massive deterioration of structural elements has occurred in each of the ten structures selected for review. In all cases, the structural components integral in the vertical and lateral force resistant systems have substantially deteriorated not only to the point where the serviceability of the structure has been compromised. but now must be considered first and foremost a safety concern for the occupants. It is the conclusion of this report that the structures are unfit for human occupancy and are most likely beyond the state of repair. Sincerely, Jim Loft , PE 94411-1;� Z r Elliot Wilson, EIT Vertical Farce Resistant System: Structural Glue -Lam Beam r fit. !t � 1llie..l..�tlJ �� aMst. r.�s•a k'��w.•o.•:. �t 7^Jt� Jf'� All the 1970's era homes were built in the same style with a 5 1/8" x 13.51' Glulam for the rim joist and load dispersing mechanism from the structure to the pilings. To todav's code assuming International Building Code 2006 (IBC 06), loading conditions would have sized structural beams as 5 1/8 x 15" making the existing size inadequate. The visual inspection of these gluelams showed behavior consistent with being undersized with deflections ranging from %Z" to as much as 2.5". Deflections in excess of 1/4" in this case cannot be accomplished by loading alone under normal conditions. Upon further investigation, it was determined that extensive rot was increasing the curvature of the beam at the locations of higher internal moment namely around the center of the 3 pilings supporting the gluelam beam, On Site inspection 01' 74 Era Homes of Quinhagak 1028 Aurora Drive Fairbanks, AK 99709 T: 907.452.1414 F. 907.456.2707 PDC Inc Engineers On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Page 2 Figute 1: Extensive rot of structural gluhm. 11 � Figure l- 6" Flat head screw driver placed by hand. Floor Joists Floor joist were W nominal members spaced at 16" on center. The glulam to floor joist connection consisted of a typical face mounted steel hanger commonly sold by Simpson Strong Tie. In a few locations, excessive deflections were seen in the floor joists, but for the most part, from visual inspection the members themselves seem to have had limited deterioration. Calculating the needed depth of floor joist in a similar manner to the sizing of the structural gluelam shows again that the existing members are a little undersized for strength requirements based on IBC 06, but it is more likely that failure will be first seen in the structural interface between the hanger and the glulam beam. PDC'. Inc Engineers On Site Irspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak Septcnrber 3, 2009 Page 3 Because the hangers only face -mount and do not have a horizontal ledger to bear on top of the glulam, the entirety of the force transfer is in the shearing of the nails that are imbedded in the deteriorated wood of the glulam. Entryway and Access The entryways, generally 4'x4' structures adjacent to the building, are by far the most troubling and immediate concern in regards to deficiencies in the vertical force resistant system. Caused from the settling of ground around the entirety of the structure, posts that once connected the entryway to the ground are now either suspended or missing. As a result, the entryways are mostly or entirely supported as a cantilevered element off the main building. Because the entryways were once supported by the posts only minimal fasteners attach the entryway to the house framing. This deficiency in structural integrity is seen in noticeable disconnecting and deflection of the entryway. In addition, the stairs attached to the entryways which often rise more then 6 feet are only attached with a single nail on each side into rotten wood. It is my recommendation that immediate action is taken to address these severely inadequate methods of construction because sudden failure in the limited existing structural components may lead to injur`! and/or death. Figure 3 ; Poorly attached stair to entry way. PDC Inc Engineers 4n Site inspection of 70 Era Domes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Page 4 Figure 4: No support posts under entryway. Fuel Storage Tanks All the houses visited had `Toyo' heating units which rely on a gravity feed for fuel delivery from the storage tank. The top of floor joists was typically over 5-7 feet above grade, making the needed height of the fuel tank at the bare minimum 7.5-8.5 feet for adequate head pressure. This height mares fuel deliveries dangerous and difficult. Most tanks are supported by rather makeshift fastening systems connecting the tank to the wall of the dwelling. Two typical systems seem to be used: a plywood gusset assembly or a steel frame attached to the building with large lag screws. Both systems are severely inadequate, and need to be addressed. If not addressed, there is real concern that accidental spillage and possible environmental contamination, as well as serious human injury while climbing on the assembly to fill the tanks might occur. PDC Inc Engineers On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes cif Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Page 5 Figure 5: Typical fuel stand for 300 gallon tank. Later Force Resistant Systems It is quite obvious from the design of the 55 1970's era homes little thought was put into the lateral resistant system. The pilings have not been cross -braced, making even walking on the structure create notable vibration and side sway. The lateral resisting sa stem that was designed is no longer capable of providing the needed shear and uplift capacity for design wind events. Because of the severe drooping in the gluelam beam, the bottom plate has completely disconnected from the glulam beam making the shear transfer via nails no longer in effect. Due to the installation of additional insulation and vapor barrier during the retrofit in 1994, extensive rotting on the interior shear panels has occurred. This rot has deteriorated the shear transfer between the panels and the wall elements by reducing the effectiveness of the staple to transfer shear. In most locations the original shear transfer between the building and the pilings is intact, but where settling or drifting of piling has occurred, adequate shear transfer is missing. This is seen on entryways and center support pilings. Due to the nature of lateral force failures occurring during extreme wind or seismic events, it is very likely that simultaneous failure of many homes of this style could occur. PDC Inc Engineers On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Page 6 Figure 6: Example of deterioration of shear interface (photo taken of bottom plate from exterior with sheathing removed). APPENDIX: HOUSE -BY -HOUSE DOCUMENTATION Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 F Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House # 67 Resident: Moses Fox Contact: Site Conditions: Standing Water: On North and South Subsidence: S" on South Arctic Entry: Visible fatigue, no support Floor Diaphragm: Condition: Intact Underside: Moderate water damage Visible Mold: Exterior: Extensive mold on north facade Interior: Extensive mold visible Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 34% Base of Exterior Sheathing: 32% Exterior Sheathing Z' up: 32% (South) Interior Sheathing 2' up: 40% (South) Gutters: No Window Damage: Extensive ld joints PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Houj Resident: Moses Fox South Side: Pilings: Type: 10" Diameter 16' oc <=Considered Typical Section Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections:1h" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 51/8" x 13 Y2" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 2" in 1.5' from center support Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth North Side: Pilings: Type: Typical Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: 1 of three has drifted but still in plane Connections: sh" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 3/4" in 7" from center support Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2x6 Condition: Extensive Rot Secondary Elements: Fuel Tank: Satisfactory Entry Way: No support legs Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House# 70 Resident: John Jones Contact: x8004 Site Conditions: Standing Water: No Subsidence: 38" on South Arctic Entry: No structural support, ground has subsided. Floor Diaphragm: Condition: Intact Underside: Dry Visible Mold: Exterior: Extensive mold on north facade Interior: Extensive mold visible Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 40% Base of Exterior Sheathing: 40% Exterior Sheathing 2' up: 30% (South) Interior Sheathing 2' up: 38% (South) Gutters: No Window Damage: Extensive al support Figure 5: Rot and mold visible in window Figure G (;ompi PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House #70 Resident: John Jones Contact: x8004 South Side: Pilings: Type: Typical Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: sh" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 1" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth North Side: Pilings: Type: Typical Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Satisfactory Connections:1h" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 51/8" x 13 lh" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 1/4" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2x6 Condition: Extensive Rot Secondary Elements: Fuel Tank: lh" plywood gusset plate in compression for 500 gallon tank. Entry Way: No support legs Stairs: Mounted by single nail through hinge, rotten and no handrail. Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House # 71 Resident: Ella Mathew Contact: x8427 Site Conditions: Standing Water: Yes Subsidence: 18" on South Arctic Entry: Posts put on spacers, old stair failed from subsidence, new stair installed FIoor Diaphragm: Condition: Intact Underside: Slightly damaged from water Visible Mold: Exterior: Extensive mold visible on North facade Interior: Moderate amounts of mold visible Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 40% Base of Exterior Sheathing: 40% Exterior Sheathing 2' up: 20% (South) Interior Sheathing 2' up: 25% (South) Gutters: No Window Damage: Moderate lil� r � . P. i Figure 12: Pile-giulam connection deteriorated growtn on norm racaae -art PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House #71 Resident: Ella Mathews Contact: x8427 South Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: sh" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: S 1/8" x 13'h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 1h" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth North Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: 1h" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: S 1/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection:1/4" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2xb Condition: Extensive Rot Secondary Elements: Fuel Tank: 1h" plywood gusset plate in compression. Entry Way: No support legs Stairs: Mounted by single nail through hinge and rotten. Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House # 82 Resident: Taron Jones Contact: Site Conditions: Standing Water: No Subsidence: 22" on South Arctic Entry: No supports, less visible fatigue than most Floor Diaphragm: Condition: Intact Underside: Sprayed Polyurethane (unique) Visible Mold: Exterior: Extensive mold on north side Interior: Moderate Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 40% Base of Exterior Sheathing: 40% Exterior Sheathing 2' up: 25% (South) Interior Sheathing 2' up: 25% (South) Gutters: Ad -hoc gutter on north side Window Damage: Moderate Figure 14: Arctic entry without stjppui Ls Figure 16: Interior of home maintained by occupant PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Douse #82 Resident: Teron Jones South Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: Y2" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: S 1/8" x 13 W Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection:'h" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth North Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: V2" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: S 1/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: Y4" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2x6 Condition: Extensive Rot Secondary Elements: Entry Way: No supportlegs Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House # 85 Resident Edith Evans Contact: x8125 Site Conditions: Standing Water: Yes Subsidence: 9" on west side Arctic Entry: Multiple, home-made supports Floor Diaphragm: Condition: visible holes in the floor, satu- rated joists Underside: Dry Visible Mold: Exterior: Extensive mold Interior: Extensive mold Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 40% Base of Exterior Sheathing: 39% Exterior Sheathing 2' up: 36% Interior Sheathing 2' up: 40% Gutters: No Window Damage: Extensive -� rc- 18: Visible holes in floor, saturated joists PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House #85 Resident: Edith Evans Contact: A 12 5 South Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: 1h" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13'h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated w/ 2" diameter holes cut at center support Deflection: 2 'h" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth North Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: ih" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 sh" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 1/2" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2x6 Condition: Extensive Rot Secondary Elements: Entry Way: Minimal or missing support legs Inside Floor: Deflects 2" when walking on. Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House * 92 Resident: Henry Jones Sr. Contact: x8579 Site Conditions: Standing Water: No Subsidence: No Arctic Entry: Some fatigue, resident has installed a support but it has subsided. Floor Diaphragm: Condition: Large visible holes in floor, vis- ible rotting joists Underside: Dry Visible Mold: Exterior: Moderate Interior: Extensive Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 40% Base of Exterior Sheathing: 40% Exterior Sheathing 2' up: 26% (West) Interior Sheathing 2' up: 40% (West) Building is oriented North -South, unlike the typical building Gutters: No Window Damage: Extensive PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House #92 Resident: Henry Jones Contact: x8579 West Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: sh" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 51/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated can pull off pieces by hand Deflection:) 1h" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth East Side: Pilings: Type: 4 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: ih" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 ih" Condition: Moderately Deteriorated Deflection: 1/2" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2xf Condition: Extensive Rot Secondary Elements: Fuel Tank: Steel Frame which is most likely only lagged into rotten sheathing. Entry Way: Failed Stairs: Sloped, rotten and with out handrail. Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House # 100 Resident: Nick Mark Contact: x8249 Site Conditions: Standing Water: Yes Subsidence: Approximately 20" to south Arctic Entry: Solid Floor Diaphragm: Condition: Visible holes Underside: Some wet spots Visible Mold: Exterior: Extensive Interior: Extensive Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 40% Base of Exterior Sheathing: 40% Exterior Sheathing 2' up: 38% Interior Sheathing 2' up: 40% Gutters: No Window Damage: Extensive PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House #100 Resident: Nick Mark Contact: x8249 South Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: 1 off w/ shoring placed Connections: 'h" Lag bolts GIulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 3/4" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth North Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: Y2" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 Y2" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 5/8" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2x6 Condition: Extensive Rot Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 H,�102 Resident: Carl Friendly Contact: x8213 Site Conditions: Standing Water: Surrounded by standing water Subsidence: No Arctic Entry: No visible support Floor Diaphragm: Condition: Did not enter the interior of home Underside: Dry Visible Mold: Exterior: Moderate Interior: Did not enter the interior of home Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 27% Base of Exterior Sheathing: 20% Exterior Sheathing 2' up: 18% Interior Sheathing 2' up: 18% Gutters: Yes Window Damage: Moderate r igure R exterior rot rigure ju: Lompieteiy deteriorated giulam PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 Resident: Carl Friendly Contact: x8213 South Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: Y2" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 3" 1' from center support Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth North Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait, except one have shifted vertically Connections: 1h" Lag bolts,1 of 3 not connected Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 Y2" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 1" with a simple span because center piling has is not bearing Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2x6 Condition: Extensive Rot Secondary Elements: Fuel Tank: 1h" plywood gusset plate in compression. Entry Way: No support legs Stairs: Rotten. Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House # 105 Resident: Alice Mark Contact:. I Site Conditions: Standing Water: Standing water on south I' and west' Subsidence: 16" on south Arctic Entry: subsidence caused damage Floor Diaphragm: Condition: Intact Underside: Dry Nigure �: Visible Mold: Exterior: Extensive mold on the north side Interior: Moderate Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 40% i Base of Exterior Sheathing: 27% Exterior Sheathing 2' up: 20% (South) Interior Sheathing 2' up: 32% _ Gutters: Partial Window Damage: Extensive L ° 'IgkiC'C . 4; Figure 36: Extensive rut on nut"ut side Figure 35: lence-caused damage to arcuc entryway new beam r! 4 PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House #105 Resident: Alice Mark South Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Middle moved out Connections: 1h" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated and replaced with undersized new beam to side Deflection: Old beam failed in shear. Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth North Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: 1h" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 51/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated w/ 2" dia holes cut within 1 inch of top Deflection: 3/4" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2x6 Condition: Extensive Rot and not connected to south wall Secondary Elements: Fuel Tank: Steel frame, suspect lag attachment inadequate Cold Climate Housing Research Center On Site Inspection of 70 Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House # 133 Resident: John Pleasant Contact: x8915 Site Conditions: Standing Water: No Subsidence: No Arctic Entry: ADA-accessible ramp and new stairs Floor Diaphragm: Condition: Did not go into interior of home Underside: Dry Visible Mold: Exterior: Extensive mold on north facade Interior: Did not go into interior of home Wall Moisture Content: Girder: 40% Base of Exterior Sheathing: 40% Exterior Sheathing 2' up: 24% (South) Interior Sheathing 2' up: 26% (South) Gutters: No Window Damage: Moderate window condition P. Figure s7: Extensive mold on north facade Figure 38: ADA-accessible ramp and new stairs PDC Inc. Engineers On Site Inspection of 70s Era Homes of Quinhagak September 3, 2009 House #133 Resident: John Pleasant Contact: x8913 South Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: Y2" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13'h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 3/4" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth North Side: Pilings: Type: 3 typical pilings Condition: Satisfactory Orientation: Strait Connections: Ya" Lag bolts Glulam: Type: 5 1/8" x 13 1h" Condition: Completely Deteriorated Deflection: 3/4" Sheathing: Saturated and visible organic growth Common Elements: Studs: Type: 2x6 Condition: Extensive Rot k� -..._ Ajmm� r o rD rD � � n u k rD o rD ;Mwrwvlw�. ^^CL C CL C 0 CL 6-q 0 C G) 0 n 0 0 CL r+ 0 MMI C CL of +1 0 mn 3 i� 41 0 w ' IV ip Is 40 ILO • ILO 0 0 °D D vz vi C rn c r+- C z= -� T 0 cD aq 77 •� r+ *< aq o o -- o aq aq (D CD CD cDLn 0 �• o ° o T aq Ln CL • • • • • • • • • Ln D — n D � o 0 0 rD c (D CL oCU rt a 3 o' r- C O 0 D ..-1 ro D 0 M o 3 3 3 n c 3 M _. r.+ _ c o • o = _0 o o rD o q 0 ro M � D D ro C V) CL �j n 0 3 3 V 1 • ro 0 (A Ln 0 rD 0 o o 0 0 =r 0. rD —5 mo cu n rD o � 3 o� 3� 2. � � FD 0 Ln— l^J� • Cl. 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U) CD o :3 0 o 3-5 tD � =� o CL CD o CD cl, {D CD I �y x ouor*kmAk Now" E ��y-Nrr„.ws,a�nw�la•.:• farGs«i..�lba .rw�k-�rsieGYr.� ' ?' I i. CCHRC m Z c i 33� =" *`noo�o=ainn�� �. {D N �--� C 0 -+, 0 '� Q= �' cr � Q�� �. r-1- o�� r..h c� �, �� � CD -0 �, -0 � CD cn cD 0 0 = *. 0 0 CD CD W �,�C)— � � -0 CD n QM Z c CD CD 0 0 ,--� . (a• 0 cQ 0 --h CD D 0� CD CD CD 0 o=r = n���o�CD ca h cD CD CD 0- Ll fA p 0 0 0 i G�N 1. Er CCHRC J�WIT T�Idq ml "M ISubcontract no. AGG-0-40287-01 �01 *,*NREL NA-:"',;AL,iErir-WABL 'FNFIIGY. Cold Climate Housing Research Center Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance Quinhagak Prototype House Final Report Cold Climate Housing Research Center written by Robbin Garber-Slaght NI R E LIWI NA710F: REINW.,HLFENFERff LAPOZAT,:,..W Disclaimer: The research conducted or products tested used the methodologies described in this report. CCHRC cautions that different results might be obtained using different test methodologies. CCHRC suggests caution in drawing inferences regarding the research or products beyond the circumstances described in this report. Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Rnal Report Cold Climate Housing Research Center Figure 1. Quinhagak prototype house after a wind driven snow storm. The shape of the house sheds the wind and does not create large drifts in areas that would block the doors or windows. CCHRC created the Sustainable Northern Shelter program in 2008 to help develop sustainable rural housing in northern climates. CCHRC designers work with local residents and housing authorities to develop homes that reflect the culture, environment, and local resources of individual communities. The designs emphasize energy efficiency, affordability, and durability. CCHRC has developed several prototype homes that can be easily and affordably reproduced throughout communities to provide much -needed housing. The first two prototype homes were built in Anaktuvuk Pass and Quinhagak. Quinhagak Quinhagak is a Yup'ik Eskimo village on the east shore of the Kuskokwim Bay, less than a mile from the Bering Sea coast. The temperature ranges from an average of 41e to 57*F (5 to 14eC) in the summer to 6e to 24eF (44 to -4eC) in the winter. Figure 2 shows the exterior temperatures in Quinhagak for the past year. Quinhagak has a wet climate; it averages 22 inches of rain and 43 inches of snow a year (State of Alaska, 2011). Quinhagak experiences approximately 11,700eF.day heating degree days per year (compared to about 14,000 for Fairbanks and 6,500 for Chicago). 1 30 U e 20 ' 10 ------- �' m 0 u CL d -10 1� -20 -30 9/29 L. - Figure 2. Exterior temperature in Quinhagak. Temperature ranges from -20 to 60°F (-28 to 15'Q, but average about 32'F (0°C). The lapse in data in September 2011 is due to a network outage. v A ate•-�=��.-��.��� �... �.,�� .��, Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Anal Report Cold Climate Housing Research Center 3� ���.,_��--ems :�z.,t,,...■. •_,�.. � �W Quinhagak's housing stock is aging, and many homes have been compromised by extensive water infiltration, rot, and mold. Of particular concern are 55 homes from the 1970s that exhibit advanced structural damage and must be replaced. Prototype House The CCHRC design team met with Quinhagak residents in November 2009 to discuss problems with their current housing and goals for the prototype house. The home, which was built in 2010, answers four major housing challenges: material shipping cost, operating cost, moisture mitigation and wind mitigation. From the initial meetings between village residents and the CCHRC design team, the following primary design goals were established: 1. Develop a building envelope that would lead to lower annual fuel usage and that could resist water -infiltration from wind -driven rain. The strategy for addressing this is now known as the "Quinhagak Wall", a continuous monolithic thermal envelope that includes a 3-inch thermal break in the walls and a 4-inch thermal break in the foundation. The walls of the prototype are comprised of 4-inch metal studs on the inside, a 3.5-inch plastic spacer in the middle, and a light -gauge angle -iron that holds the cladding (siding) 7.5 inches out from the inside of the stud. Spray foam is applied continuously to the foundations, walls, and roof, creating a monolithic envelope with no gaps. This wall assembly is simple and well insulated (R-401). The prototype has a 1.5- inch vented airspace between the trusses and the roof sheathing that serves as both a drainage plane and a drying path if any wind -driven rain works its way into the roof. The roof is approximately R-50. 2. Address moisture and mold problems associated with rot that commonly cause upper respiratory infections in children and elders. In addition to reducing the amount of materials prone to mold growth (AC plywood sheathing in lieu of sheetrock, metal studs and joists in lieu of wood), the prototype also incorporates a heat -recovery ventilation system and a passive make-up airsystem in the home, which lowers interior moisture build up and brings in fresh air on a regular basis. 3. Develop a structural system that addresses the cultural preference for an open plan, while lessening the expense of shipping large structural members. The prototype has a raft -like foundation consisting of 10 inches of spray foam and embedded metal joists in an octagonal form. The prototype rests directly on an overbuilt gravel pad, unlike most homes in the village which are elevated on pile foundations. The floor joists are elevated off the ground with EPS foam board spacers, and polyurethane foam is sprayed through the joists directly on a geo-textile mat. This foundation provides an insulation value of R-60. Half -trusses spanning radially from a central hub allows for the roof bottom chords to remain in tension and the top chords in compression without the use of columns or point loads. Ordering half -trusses allowed the assembly to be shipped more economically. 4. Create a construction assembly that precludes the need for heavy equipment and reduces shipping costs for remote villages. Wall sections are created on a jig and then hand -carried and placed on the foundation. Trusses are also able to be set without a crane. This ability to assemble the building using only manpower is important in remote villages with limited access to heavy equipment. 5. Create a home that reflects the culture and daily activities of rural indigenous occupants. 1 All R-values in this document are in imperial units of ft'.'f•h/Btu. Monitoring and verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org al Quinhagak Prototype House Rnal Report Cold Climate Housing Research Center Members of the community were integrated into the design process, giving input from the first design meeting through construction. The resulting floor plan reflects the daily needs of community members. The Quinhagak prototype house (Figure 1) was completed in November 2010, and the completion of the home demonstrates the achievement of the many of these short term goals (three through five). In order to determine if the house is meeting the goals about better efficiency and indoor air quality CCHRC has been monitoring the on -going performance of the house. Since it was completed the house has been occupied for seven months. A family of five moved into the house on April 12, 2011. Due the financial difficulties, this first family moved out on June 10, 2011. A larger family of six moved in around July 13, 2011. The house is octagonal, which has a lower surface area -to -volume ratio than a rectangular model, significantly reducing the amount of surface area exposed to the cold. The heated portion of the house is 946 square feet. An unconditioned elaturaq, or arctic entry, is wrapped around two of the eight walls, further improving heating efficiency and protecting the home from wet winds. With the elaturaq the square footage of the house is 1080. In Quinhagak, wind direction changes seasonally and wind -driven moisture is one of the primary causes of failure in the existing housing stock. Space Heating The primary heat source in the home is a Toyotomi OM-22 Oil Miser Direct Vent Oil Heating System. The Oil Miser is AFUE rated to be 85% efficient, is thermostatically controlled, and has programmable temperature settings and a "shut- off" safety mode. The Toyotomi is rated to provide 8,000 to 22,000 BTU/hr. The secondary heat source is a Vermont Castings Dutchwest Wood Stove. The wood stove is intended to provide supplemental heat in the event that power is out or the Toyotomi is not operational. Electrical Demand The electrical appliances and fixtures were designed to be as energy efficient as target construction costs would allow. Of the regularly used electrical appliances the refrigerator, range, and the water heater have the highest power draw ratings. The combined lighting for the house only uses 536 W when all lights are on. The electrical appliances, fixtures, and lighting installed in the house are identified in Tables 1 and 2. This list does not take into account the additional electrical appliances that the occupants may have added. Table 1. Quinhagak electrical appliances. Appliance ��- Rated power specification Toyotomi OM-22 — oil -fired heater preheat = 275 W, burning = 46 W Gould's BF03s - water pump 990W Bradford White 20 gallon - water heater 1500 W Sanibest 013 - grinder pump 990 W Hotpoint - electric range 10,100 W (@ 240V) General Electric — refrigerator 16-18 CM 1650 W (maximum) Venmar EKO 1.5 — HRV 98 W (maximum) Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Erna! Report cold Climate Housing Research Center ��.M Table 2. Quinhagak light fixtures locations, types, and power consumption. Location No. of Number/Type Bulbs Total Rated Fixtures per Fixture Power Kitchen 1 2/48" LE D Entry 2 2/48"LED Bedroom 9 3/CFL Bathroom 3 3/LED Living room - can lights 13 1/LED Outside 2 2/LED Ventilation Ventilation needs to meet several goals in a home: bringing in fresh air to maintain healthy interior living conditions, maintaining healthy interior moisture, and reducing the energy costs of maintaining comfortable living conditions in homes. The Quinhagak prototype house was designed to be very air tight with minimal air infiltration. This creates a warm house that requires less heating fuel than a conventionally constructed home. However, it also creates a house with very little fresh air entering. The lack of air movement though the building envelope creates the need for a mechanical ventilation system (Figure3) to maintain healthy air inside the house. The Quinhagak prototype house has a heat recovery ventilator (HRV), which uses blowers to pull cold outside air into the house, warm it with exiting heated inside air through an air-to-air heat exchanger, and distribute the fresh air around the house. 30 W 60 W 117 W 108 W 169 W 52 W Figure I Quinhagak prototype house Monitoring ventilation system. This high efficiency HRV is located in the mechanical room and Cold Climate Housing Research Center (CCHRC) is monitoring the prototype circulatesfresh air throughout the house. home in Quinhagak. The data collection systems are intended to help demonstrate operations of the prototype designs, evaluate the integration of various building systems, and recommend design improvements. Collecting data to help this process is critical to meeting the long-term objective: improve the quality of rural housing while reducing the costs for construction, maintenance, and energy. Equipment and Methods The Quinhagak prototype home monitoring system consists of a computer and two Labjack data loggers; a UE9 and a U6 (Figure 4). The UE9 is being used to watch for changes in the moisture content of the foam in the roof, walls and foundation of the house. The U6 is monitoring the house energy use and indoor air quality though an array of sensors embedded when the house was constructed (Table 3). The systems logs data from the sensors at five minute, hourly, and daily intervals, depending on the sensor type and location. The computer sends data back to CCHRC via a GCI WISP (wireless internet service provider) antenna network. Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Final Report Table 3. Energy and ventilation sensors. w6il'o'n Ptirpose Relative humidity Living room and Indoor air bedroom quality Carbon dioxide (CO2) Living room and Indoor air bedroom quality Temperature Living room, bedroom, Occupant and outside comfort Fuel level On fuel tank Energy use Stove pipe temp On stove pipe Energy use Current Transducer HRV and bathroom fan Ventilation use Cold Climate Housing Research Center Figure 4. Quinhagau Datalogging System. i ne ciataiogging system fits in a small box in the mechanical room. Fluctuating power and outages in the WISP network have caused problems with the data system at times leading to gaps in the data. Extended power outages have run down the battery system twice, requiring hard reboots of the system. The WISP antenna requires a hard reboot every time the village power fluctuates. Due to the remote location of the system getting the system rebooted involves some delays. The lower Kuskokwim area is in line to get high speed internet access over the next year, which will greatly enhance the data monitoring system and the response time. All of the sensors provide an analog signal which is converted via an open -source Python program to useable data. The humidity, temperature and CO2 are all self-explanatory, providing average conditions in the house at regular intervals. The current readings from the HRV and fans are used to estimate the total power use of the ventilation system. By using a voltage of 11OV, this system overestimates the total power consumption slightly by ignoring the power factor and fluctuations in the incoming voltage. The fuel level and stovepipe temperature readings are used to determine the heating demand of the house. A thermocouple on the stovepipe records when the woodstove is fired. Monitoring for sharp temperature increases in the pipe provides a simple on/off signal for the woodstove. That on/off signal can be used to estimate how much fuel the woodstove is offsetting. The fuel level sensor is actually a pressure transducer placed at the outlet of the fuel storage tank. As the level of fuel in the tank changes the sensor records the changes in the pressure at the bottom. The pressure reading is divided by the specific weight of heating fuel ( 0.379 lb/in') to get the height of the fuel in the tank. The volume is then determined using the height of fuel and the dimensions of the tank. The hourly estimate of the fuel volume allows for the calculation of the fuel taken from and added to the tank. In addition to the sensor data, CCHRC is working with the local electric company Alaska Village Electric Cooperative (AVEC) to study the whole -house electrical usage. AVEC has been providing CCHRC with the monthly meter readings. Ventilation Analysis The air quality in a home is complicated to monitor and involves several parameters that need to be carefully balanced. The optimum humidity zone for human health is between 40% and 60% relative humidity (Sterling, 1985). This optimum band minimizes bacteria growth and virus spread that will occur at both very low and very high humidity; it also minimizes fungi and dust mites that thrive in high humidity. The optimum zone also reduces respiratory infections that come from low humidity and asthma that can be caused by very low and very high humidity. However, the optimum humidity zone for human health is not optimum for building health and the high humidity levels are detrimental to building durability. Relative humidity of 40% in the interior space can mean 80% or higher relative humidity inside the ras-w�ae+•r�"'�l',�����-rrra+s.s.��.�E.-"■.�-.-e,��:-�tia�i•.�:��.aw■aau Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Erna! Report �11 Cold Climate Housing Research Center wall cavity depending on outside air temperature and wall construction. in an effort to balance healthy people and healthy buildings the recommended interior relative humidity is 30% to 50% for Alaska (Seifert, 2007). In addition to having healthy humidity levels, changing the air in the house for fresh air is also important. A tight home does not have the air exchange with the outside that the older leaky homes do. This allows for the build-up of stale air in the house. The stale air can have a noticeable odor from cooking and human activities and can harbor higher concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may off gas from furniture, carpet, tile, and other items in the home. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is a marker that is simple to monitor and gives a good indication of air exchange. ASHRAE (2007) specifies that maintaining a steady state CO2 level less than 700 parts per million (ppm) above ambient should ensure that sufficient fresh air is supplied to the space. G 3 2 S I�0 d Or 100 �---- - — - 80 Unoccupied 60 40 20 0 +_ _------�--- 9/29/2010 11/18/2010 1st family moved in -- 80 AL fy 60 i� y LL .r40 y 20 -,� D E U H -20 -4D 1/7/2011 2/26/2011 4/17/2011 6/6/2011 7/26/2011 9/14/2011 11/3/2011 ■ 1st family moved out A New family moved in --Bedroom Relative Humidity Living Room Relative Humidity Exterior Temperature Figure 5. Interior Humidity and Exterior Temperature. As the exterior temperatures drop so does the interior humidity because the colder air in the winter maintains less moisture. Another consideration when introducing fresh air in the winter is to need to keep the house warm. Using mechanical ventilation by an HRV allows for fresh air entering to be heated by the warm air exiting. This lowers heating demand and makes the house more comfortable. However, the HRV heat exchanger does not recover the moisture from the exiting air. Keeping CO2 levels low while maintaining humidity in a healthy range can be conflicting goals, especially in the winter when fresh air introduced into the house will contain very little moisture. On particularly cold days the interior humidity can drop drastically (Figure 5). Thus far in the Quinhagak prototype house the humidity during occupation has been between 20% and 50% and variable with the seasons. Figures 5 and 6 demonstrate the difficulty of balancing air exchange with healthy humidity. The CO2 levels in the house should remain below 1050 ppm (350 ppm ambient from unoccupied house data plus 700 ppm), yet they are exceeding 1500 ppm on several occasions, indicating that more air exchange would be beneficial. However, the humidity is in the healthy range and more air exchange would lower the humidity possibly out of the healthy range. A full winter of occupancy will provide a better understanding of the humidity and CO2 levels and allow for fine tuning the HRV controls to approach the optimum balance for healthy indoor air quality. Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Rhai Report 2500 2000 E O. fl. 41 1500 X O tc 1000 Cold Climate Housing Research Center Unoccupied � jconstruction activity • i auu 0 9/29/2010 11/18/2010 1/7/2011 living room New Family Moved in u , u cJ2/26/2011 4/17/2011 6/6/2011 7/26/2011 9/14/2011 bedroom 1st Family moved out 1st Family Moved In 100 pt moving average CO2 Figure 6. Interior carbon dioxide levels for the Quinhagak prototype house. The CO2 levels fluctuated quite a bit in the first ten months as construction wrapped up and people moved in and out. The HRV and a booster fan in the bathroom are the main electrical components of the ventilation system. The HRV has its own controller which offers a variety of options (control based on interior humidity and outside temperature or on/off cycles for fractions of an hour). The controller is in the living space and can be adjusted by the occupants at any time. In ten months of operation the HRV and bathroom fan used 195 kWh of electrical energy. For comparison, a television on 3 hours a day will use about 264 kWh a year (California Energy Commission, 2011) Heating Demand Typical home heating usage in rural Alaska is not well known. Estimates from 43 survey of 10 homes in Quinhagak, built in the 1970's and retrofitted with more insulation in the 1990's put fuel usage at 110 gallons per month (Housing Analysis, 2009). It is assumed that this estimate is for winter months, putting the 6 months of winter use at 660 gallons; Quinhagak has year-round heating requirements (A. Cooke, personal communication, December 15, 2011). The 2009 Alaska Housing Assessment puts Quinhagak in its rural 2 category which is defined as a median house size of 1056 square feet that consumes an average of 880 gallons of heating fuel a year (Alaska Housing Finance Corporation, 2009). These estimates compare well to each other when summer usage is taken into account. The tight envelope of R-40 insulation should make the heating load for the house around 35 MMBtu for the year (AkWarm 2.1.2.12). The model estimates that the house will use 88 gallons of #2 diesel oil. When the model is compared to the actual use for the first thirteen months (see table 4, next page) it slightly underestimates the fuel use. However, the model was done in the design phase of the project and it not accurate for the prototype home as it is built and the home has not been occupied for a full year. 2 AkWarm 2.1.2.1 is the energy modeling program for Alaska Housing Finance Corporation's BEES and energy retrofit programs. •m 4 Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Frnal Report Cold Climate Housing Research Center a - �s-�ret��t ■ .air �-, � - cable 4. Estimated fuel usage by date Occupancy Dates Gallons Unoccupied November 7, 2010 to March 7, 2011 303 First family moved in April 12, 2011 March 7, 2011 to May 2, 2011 423 Second family moved in July 13, 2011 May 2, 2011 to October 3, 2011 45 Second family August 3, 2011 to October 13, 2011 25 Second family October 13, 2011 to December 21, 2011 Total since construction November 7, 2010 to October 3, 2011 HWI Figure 7 shows the temperature inside the prototype and the house occupancy for the first year. The most consistent interior temperature has been from July 13 until early October when the new family has been consistently in the house and kept the heater on. During construction and before occupancy the temperatures in the house fluctuated quite a bit and do not allow for an accurate estimate of fuel use for the house. Further monitoring of the occupied house will provide a better understanding of the house fuel use. 90 — - - — _ - - -- — --- -- 80 LL m 70 10 60 `w E 50 ~ 40 a c 30 1 .._ , 9/29/2010 11/18/2010 1/7/2011 2/26/2011 4/17/2011 6/6/2011 7/26/2011 9/14/2011 11/3/2011 1st family moved in ■ ist family moved out New family moved in Interior Temperature Figure 7. Interior temperature and occupancy patterns. This graph shows the interior temperatures and the house occupancy. Another year of data will give provide a better understanding of the house's energy performance. i Unoccupied Electrical Demand Home electrical usage is strongly a function of occupant behavior. Quinhagak was designed with the most efficient appliances that were affordable within the construction budget. So far two different families have lived in the house and their electrical use has been very different (Figure 8). The initial family was in the house from early April to early June, the electrical demand for the two months they were in the house averaged 475 kWh per month. The new family moved in during late July, their monthly use has averaged 225 kWh, less than half of the previous family. However, both families used less monthly electricity than the average Alaskan household of 661 kWh/month (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2009). 3 Fuel data is estimated prior to May 2, 2011 due to a broken fuel level sensor. ptra&%-..a.i Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance Quinhagak Prototype House Frnal Report www.cchrc.org Cold Climate Housing Research Center 800 700 600 Soo 400 300 200 100 0 Nov-10 Dec-10 Jar Monthly Electricla Usage Figure 8. Feb-11 Mar-11 1st family moved in May-11 Jun-11 15t family moved out Aug-11 Sep-11 New family moved in the Quinhagak prototype house. The house was occupied for most of April, May, July, August and September. General House Performance House construction took a six person crew about seven weeks to complete. The crew was able to raise the house supports without the use of heavy machinery (Figure 9). The two main post construction callbacks on the house were completed in September 2011. A direct make-up air vent was added to the woodstove to prevent back drafting caused by the very tight envelope. In addition, horizontal ground insulation added around the base of the house to protect the foundation from frost jacking and to divert run off away from the house. The house has weathered a few strong coastal storms handily. A blowing snow storm in December 2010 allowed the house to demonstrate its ability to handle blowing snow. Figure 1 shows the exterior of the house after the blowing snow, notice the complete lack of drifts around the house; compare that to t truck sitting in the front yard (Figure 10). Both families that have lived in the house have been pleased with the warmth and clean air inside the house. The village of Quinhagak plans to build more homes based on many of the techniques tested in this project. Figure 9. The roof system. The trusses were small enougn that the six person crew was able to raise them without heavy machinery. Figure 10. Quinhagak truck after a coastal storm. This vehicle was sitting in front of the prototype house during the December 2010 storm. �-r-�-a�ia�+���m a�s-��*ate-���a��•. Monitoring and verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Final Report Cold Climate Housing Research Center Conclusions So far there is only a partial picture of how the house performs, with such a short occupancy period. However, this limited information shows promise, in terms of meeting the original design goals. The preliminary data puts the house's annual heating fuel consumption of 171 gallons a year at 19% of a typical rural home of 880 gallons per year (Alaska Housing Finance Corporation, 2009). A full year of data with consistent occupancy is needed to get a more accurate assessment of how the house actually performs, but the actual number is not expected to change by much. The ventilation system is doing an adequate job of maintaining healthy indoor air, but that system is much more difficult to assess without a full year of occupancy. 5o far, the relative humidity has been in the healthy range of 30 to 50%with the house occupied. The CO2 levels have fluctuated drastically, but are better than the 1994 study that recorded CO2 levels in Quinhagak from1100 to 3500ppm (Brooks, 1994). A winter's worth of occupancy will allow for a better assessment of the indoor air quality. Though HRVs have been slow to be adopted in rural Alaska, its use in this prototype home with its better air quality and low heating and electrical costs could prove to be a good demonstration of an effective way to ventilate rural homes. In order to determine how the house is meeting the long term goals of energy efficiency and indoor air quality, CCHRC plans to continue to monitor the home though June 2012. Early results with half a year of occupancy indicate that the home is achieving the goals of energy efficiency and healthy indoor air, a full year of data will help inform decisions on the next generation of homes for Quinhagak. •��W,-wlMwftim&-N� Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www,cchrc.org QuinhWk Prototype House Final Report Cold Climate Housing Research Center Partners The following organizations collaborated to help design, build, and study the prototype house in Quinhagak: • Native Village of Kwinhagak, Housing Alaska Housing Finance Corporation • US Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREQ • Rural Community Development Consultants • ThotPro Engineering • Ventilation Solutions • Star Electric • U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) • The house residents "ir'r�—SIP •!k#I i�i-'Jf4i.f�i�.. i•ii�7LE�'eF S+7ri�i$ i�L.b_��� Monitoring and verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Final Report Cold climate Housing Research Center References AKWarm (version 2.1.2.1). Alaska Housing Finance Corporation. http://www.analysisnorth.com/AkWarm/AkWarm2downloadPublic.htmi Alaska Housing Finance Corporation. (2009). 2009 Alaska Housing. Anchorage: Information Insights. Retrieved from http://www.cchrc.orddocs/reports/TR 2009 02 2009 AK Housing Assessment Final. df ASHRAE. (2007). ASHRAE Standard: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. 62.1.1-2007. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Brooks, S. (1994). Ventilation in Rural Housing, Quinhagak, Alaska. Eagle River: Energy Design Associates, Inc. California Energy Commission. (2011). Consumer energy center, small appliances. Retrieved from http://www.consumerenergyicenter.org/home/appliances/small appl.html' Housing Analysis in Quinhagak, Alaska. (2009). Fairbanks: Cold Climate Housing Research Center and PDC Engineering, Inc. retrieved from http://www.cchrc.org/docslreports/CCHRC Housing Analysis Report.pdf Seifert, Rich, ed. (2007). Alaska Residential Building Manual Btn edition. Fairbanks: Cooperative Extension Service, University of Alaska Fairbanks. State of Alaska. (2011). Alaska Community Database Community Information Summaries (CIS). "Quinhagak." Retrieved from http://www.dced.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/`CIS.cfm?Comm Boro Name=Quinhagak Sterling, E. Arundel, A. Sterling, T. (1985). Criteria for human exposure to humidity in occupied buildings. ASHRAE Transactions. 91. Retrieved from http:lZwww.sterlingiag.com/photos/1044922973.pdf. U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2009). Table 5. Residential Average Monthly Bill by Census Division, and State. Retrieved from http://www.eia.doe.goy/cneaf/electricity/esr/table5.html. Monitoring and Verification of Sustainable Northern Shelter Building Performance www.cchrc.org Quinhagak Prototype House Final Report Fuel Usage Washeteria Big Blue Building New Metering Previous Metering Total Gallons New New PreVIo;s Total Previous Gallons Oate 7/29/2011 46684 30718 9/2/2011 47864 46684 1180 30859 30718 141 9/16/2012 48312 47864 448 30919 30859 60 9/23/2011 48556 48312 244 30949 30919 30 9/30/2011 48798 48556 242 30979 30949 30 2114 261 10/7/2011 48992 48798 194 31140 30979 161 10/14/2011 49236 48992 244 31386 31140 246 10/21/2011 49535 49236 299 31634 31386 248 10/28/2011 49834 49535 299 31955 31634 321 1036 976 11/4/2011 50224 49834 390 32375 31955 420 11/18/2011 50992 50224 768 33238 32375 863 1158 1283 12/2/2011 51665 50992 673 34305 33238 1067 12/8/2011 51925 51665 260 34642 34305 337, 12/16/2011 52280 51925 355 3SO80 34642 438 12/30/2011 52882 52280 602 36028 35080 948 1/27/2012 54331 52882 1449 38478 36028 2450 2/21/2012 55679 54331 1348 0 3/7/2012 56345 55679 666 41196 38478 2718 4/17/2012 57694 56345 1349 43560 41196 2364 4/20/2012 57792 57694 98 43730 43560 170 4/25/2012 57934 57792 142 43929 43730 199 1589 2733 5/1/2012 58120 57934 186 44190 43929 261 ix IOF g j I ;f 41: L4j OB 81 d R� ,WE 71 0 � $*a k2 -�z Z�z2 2E &§2 k2� � § & g � Q = $ . 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O d4 0 [ Q 04 au r+ 0 3 N + *� t �, p n CL O' C_ aQ 'C m O 6i O N m S } 7 -p 7 m 7 O 'C Q (A } O u O Cr N tO rF C m •0 m Q. m T' 7 (D C i � i i rA' - Oil 1-i I r F, Pei lei 0 LL | / . *NE:RGY SYSTEMS September 21, 2012 John Mark, President Native Village of Kwinhagak P.O. Box 145 Quinhagak, AK 99655 Dear President Mark; It is indeed a pleasure to write this letter of support for your heat recovery project grant application to the Alaska Renewable Energy Fund Round VI. Heat Recovery is an excellent and proven method for reducing the amount of diesel needed to provide heat to critical community infrastructure. The Strategic Technical Assistance Response Team (START) identified this as a "low hanging fruit" item during our initial site visit to Quinhagak. We are very pleased that the community has come together with their electric company, Alaska Village Electric Cooperative (AVEQ, and with the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC) to put this plan into a meaningful proposal. We are confident that this project is worthy of Renewable energy Fund support and will result in the substantial fuel savings predicted in the preliminary feasibility study. Feel free to contact me for any questions or assistance you might need. Sincerely, 91 y f John Lyons Manager of Alternative Energy Division, Marsh Creek LLC 2000 E. BE Ave.. 5ume 200 • ANCMORAZE, AK 99507 • TEL - 4907) 25B-0050 - Fax - (907) 279.571 O MARONCREEK, LLC, A CERTIFIED ANO OW COMPANY SITE VISIT AGENDAS AND TRIP REPORTS Quinhagak, AK May 7-8, 2012 Brian Hirsch-NREL, Connie Fredenberg and John Lyons -Marsh Creek, arrived in Kwinhagak at about 9:45 a.m. from Bethel on Yute Air. Note that the Yute plane left an hour and a half earlier than the scheduled time. • We met the Tribal Council President, John Mark, at the airport. He was leaving for D.C., but assured us that Henry Mark, Council Administrator, was waiting for us at the office. • We attended a joint meeting of the Quinhagak City Council and Tribal Council (Native Village of Kwinhagak— NVK), where we explained the START program and received valuable input from the community leaders on their energy issues. o Present at the meeting: Pauline Small, Henry Mark, Walter Hill, Annie Cleveland, John Sharp, Henry Small, Lucille Cleveland, Henry Small. o We met Mayor Willard Church and City Clerk Fannie Moore. o Several community members said they had numerous brownouts and blackouts this winter that endured for up to 6 hours. o Electrician training for locals was identified as a high priority, both for upcoming new construction in the community and for ongoing maintenance and safety of existing housing stock. • We toured the Community and Washeteria with Henry Mark and were given a detailed tour of the waste water plant by George Johnson, Public Works Director. • We toured the AVEC power plant, grocery store, hardware store, and community center under renovation on our own. Tribal Administrator Henry Mark was our primary host and very informed and commanded respect from the entire community. Henry said the City's fuel tank farm cannot hold enough fuel for the community. They ran out of heating fuel this year in February. We later discovered this is due in part to the unusually cold winter and the fact that the Fall fuel barge didn't make it to Quinhagak, so they didn't go into winter with full tanks. The community recognized that their new water/waste water piping system was responsible for much higher fuel usage in the community. It takes a lot of fuel to pump and keep the waste water building ("big blue building," also called the "utility building") and pipes warm. The other large consumer of heating fuel in the community is the Washeteria, built in the '90's by a firm from British Columbia. The foundation of the building was not properly attached to the walls and now the walls are moving away from the foundation. This is both an energy efficiency and ultimately a serious safety issue. There is a gap nearly 3 inches wide at one point between the foundation and the vertical building walls. The two story building has a washeteria on the first floor and a meeting room and tribal /city offices on the second floor. (Fuel usage for the waste water and washeteria buildings from July of 2011 through May 1, 2012 was provided and put into a separate spread sheet, attached here.) During the month of December, the "Big Blue Building" housing the waste water equipment used as much as 70 gallons of fuel/day. This building is quite near the power plant and has numerous arctic 1 pipes emerging from the building out onto the yard. The entire town has arctic pipe above ground and entering houses, except for road crossings, where it is buried. Locals said there is unstable and variable permafrost throughout the community. The City and Tribe have had an MCA to work together for the past two years. This MCA is due to be reviewed and renewed this June. The MOA essentially subordinates the City to the Tribe but leaves the City intact so the community is still eligible to receive state funds such as Capital Improvement monies, that they do not disperse to Tribes (MOA attached). Housing is a serious problem in Quinhagak. Their Association of Village Council Presidents (AVCP —the regional Native non-profit corporation) housing was originally poorly designed and not built appropriately for the climate. There were no eaves on the houses. This caused water to run off the roof right into the walls. In the 1990's the houses were weatherized. Some of the materials (glue -lams and OSB) were not intended for outdoor use. Two vapor barriers were added, creating a trap for the moisture collecting in the walls — which then caused a bumper crop of black mold to grow on the outside and inside of the walls. Fully one third of the housing in Quinhagak should be condemned now due to unstable structure (the foundation wood is literally rotting away) and dangerous levels of black mold. These houses are now using a lot more electricity, too. The waste water system has added a pump and heat tape to their electric load. Also, with the piped water and sewer, now some people have washers and dryers — which have added to their electric usage as well. Henry's mother now pays about $300/month in the summer and $500/mo. in the winter for electricity and about $1000/month for heating fuel in the winter. The Tribe no longer works with AVCP Regional Housing Authority, but rather, has developed their own Tribal Housing Authority and program that is quite active and seemingly effective. NVK has obtained funding from ICDBG to do one "rehab" on this AVCP housing stock this summer. By rehab, they intend to tear the house down to the foundation, fix the foundation, and start over. None of these homes (there are 55 of them) can be rehabbed in any other way as they are too structurally fragile to repair. These homes use as much as 2 barrels (110 gallons1) of fuel per month in the winter. CCHRC designed and built an 8-sided house for Quinhagak last summer and a family has since moved in. The 8-sided shape was chosen because it "would shed wind" better than a rectangular shape. The house looks good from the outside, but the foundation, which was an innovative design, is being moved by frost heaves. The floor appears to be de -laminating, according to Henry Mark. NVK will use NAHASDA funding this summer to build (4) more of the CCHRC 8-sided Quinhagak houses (CCHRC is designing an improved foundation) and (1) rectangular "Crooked Creek" house. There will be an assessment done on the two styles of housing to determine which one will be replicated en masse to replace/rehabilitate the 55 AVCP houses. (Note: the "Crooked Creek" house is named afterthe design that CCHRC came up with as a low cost emergency response to massive flooding in Crooked Creek last spring, which resulted in total loss of several houses. CCHRC was able to design, procure, ship, and build new housing in a single construction season to replace essentially all of the flooded homes in Crooked 2 Creek. NVK is looking at this type of house because it is relatively inexpensive, quick and easy to build, and easily replicable.) The cost of building and rehabilitating houses could be reduced with a better trained local workforce. There are two certified electricians in the community (although their certificates may have lapsed). They are often hired to work in other communities on jobs, though. Many of the meter bases in town are in bad shape. AVEC won't have anything to do with this work as it is not their responsibility and could create undue liability if they were to get involved. There is a Kwinhagak Working Group that meets telephonically every week to address the housing crisis in Kwinhagak. There are numerous federal and state agencies, as well as contractors, non-profit organizations, and others on the teleconferences. The call in number is 1-888-675-2535 and Pin# is 102076. Henry officially invited NREL to participate in the Working Group calls, and Brian Hirsch participated in the first one on Thursday, May 10, 2012. The Denali Commission is also a participant. The community has completed several building energy audits as part of their Tribal EECBG grant award. The audits were conducted by Ameresco. Final reports should be issued within the next month or so. There were numerous energy conservation opportunities identified in these reports that are likely worthy of implementation. Village Safe Water is Kwinhagak's sewer and water provider. There are four tank farms in Kwinhagak. One is owned by the school, one by AVEC, one by the City, and one by Qanirtuuq Corporation, The City tank farm has (2) 12,000 gallon tanks for diesel and (1) 5,000 gallon diesel dispensing tank along with (1) 5,000 gallon gasoline dispensing tank. AVEC has a 177,063 gallon tank farm. • Qanirtuuq Corporation has a 497,000 gallon tank farm. • The Lower Kuskokwim School District has another tank farm of indeterminate size. (We can call LKSD to get this info) The City/Tribe borrowed 12,000 gallons of fuel from AVEC and bought 5,000 gallons from the school this winter. Since February the Corporation has had to fly gasoline and diesel in at a cost of $600/drum (55 gallons). (They sell the fuel for $10/gallon and limit customers to 6 gallons per day, losing $50 on each drum.) The diesel power plant is quite old but in decent condition, with a new control module to integrate the three new Northwind 100 wind turbines and switchgear for the diesel gensets. When we were there, the entire village load was approximately 225 kW, and the diesel gensets were 350 kW, thus easily meeting the village's demand. Without long term load profile data, it is unclear how often the community load is less than the diesel capacity, but under these circumstances, the wind turbines are of limited value, basically generating electricity that is turned into heat and currently dissipated out the window of the power house. There is no heat recovery on the diesel generators. Using the rejected heat from the diesels and the generated heat from the wind turbines if the load is already met by the diesel genset would provide substantial amounts of heat that could be used to reduce boiler use in nearby buildings. The Coastal Villages Resource Fund (CVRF) has closed down the fish plant in Kwinhagak because the fish plant's water demand was too high for the supply in the community. The closed down facility now belongs to the Tribe/City. There is talk about fixing up the building (which from the outside looks like several large freezer vans hooked together) to use as a plant to manufacture trusses for the rectangular "Crooked Creek" house designed by Cold Climate Housing Research Center (CCHRC) — IF that is the design chosen to replace their 55 units in dire need of demolition. There will be significant construction going on in the community this summer, including 5 new houses, additional sewer and water work, and other buildings. A crew from CRW Engineering is expected to return to Kwinhagak by the end of May to start back up on the water/sewer project. The Tribe has applied for a COPS grant and plans to build a public safety building this summer. They want to hire 3 Tribal Police Oficers and 2 River Rangers. By not using VPSO funding, their officers will be paid by the Tribe and will answer to them, not the State Troopers as in the case of VPSO funding. The Coast Guard will require commercial fishermen to have safety gear and these River Rangers can check on and enforce this ruling. The River Rangers are needed as more and more "floaters" and sports fishermen from out of the area are showing up along the river. They are camping longer than allowed at sites and fishing more than allowed. Recommendations/ Ideas: Get a load profile of the wind turbine generators. Suggest a heat recovery project to capture the heat from the diesel gensets and the wind turbines to offset heat at the Big Blue Building (Waste Water Building), about 1,000 feet away from the power plant. John Lyons will talk to Mark Brian at AVEC about doing a heat run from the power plant to the Waste Water Building. It is possible that some materials for this project can be included in the barge shipment for the water/sewer project. Henry Mark connected us via email with CRW, the engineers doing the water/sewer project, to coordinate this effort. It is expected that a heat recovery project will require heat capture equipment at the power house, pumps, piping, heat exchangers at the Waste Water Building, and glycol. This project would also require some engineering design, which Marsh Creek and AVEC could easily do from the power house side, and CRW could easily do from the sewer/water side. Study/white paper on wind to heat that could look at both Teller and Kwinhagak Ameresco audit reports — perform work for some of the tasks. Train local people for residential electrical work on the new housing. Get one or both of the electricians in town to work with a Marsh Creek electrician on the meter base problem. 4 Relay switch with battery and clock that turns heat tapes off and on at households. Homeowner Energy Conservation/Weatherization Workshop Muvista — might they assist with a small renewable project to heat water? Kwinhagak, Alaska October 1, 2012 Tribal Council/City Council/Qanirtuuq BOD Meeting Qanirtuuq "Red Building" 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. Kwinhagak Community Members Present: Emma White, Emma Guest, Grace Mark, Lucille Mark, Walter Hill, Pauline Mathew, William Sharp, John Sharp, John Mark, Grace Hill, Darren Cleveland, Henry Mark START Team: Brian Hirsch, Pilar Thomas, John Lyons, Connie Fredenberg Stakeholder: Elaine "Chicky" Brown from Nuvista Housing People want to see AVCP Housing attend the stakeholder meeting tomorrow — Connie invited both Sam White and Shayla Brannon (the only two workers in the housing department — according to Shayla), but did not get confirmation either would attend. Advanced Look Diagnostics and CCHRC found AVCP constructed housing to be beyond repair. A HUD "Imminent Threat" grant paid to "stabilize" AVCP built houses until they can be replaced. There are 4 octagonal "Kwinhagak" houses and 1 "Crooked Creek" rectangular house scheduled to be framed in by the end of this summer/fall. There will be post and pad foundations for the octagonal houses. The first octagonal house used 18 gallons/mo. heating oil last winter compared to an average of 90 gallons/mo. for the newest AVCP built house. The foundation on this home was renovated to the post and pad this summer - as the previous style was faulty. (I know this can be said The financial model they are using is to have homebuyers get a Title 6 Mortgage Loan through the Alaska USDA Title 184. They go through First National Bank of Alaska. A $400,000 home sells for $200,000. The Kwinhagak housing department (correct title?) uses 90% local labor. Homeowners participate in the construction of their home in lieu of a cash down -payment. The Housing Department (?) is applying to the Denali Commission in mid -November for $30K to hire an A&E firm to determine what it will take to transform the fish plant into a truss plant. Fuel Fuel barges have already come and gone for this year. The tanks were topped off. Last year is the first time they ever ran out of diesel before the next barges could make it up the river. They believe it was due to the unexpectedly large fuel usage of the "Big Blue Utility Building". To prevent running out of fuel again this winter the corporation store stopped selling fuel to sports fishermen and lodges in the area after the last barge. Those folks now have to fly fuel in to power generators and boats. Wind Farm Occasionally folks will see all 3 turning, but today there is only 1 turbine running. No one is sure why. John Lyons suspects it's because the village load can only take the power from 1 turbine right now. There is nowhere for excess power to go under the current configuration of the controls, so it makes the most sense to only make as much power as can be directly used. Residents feel the cost of power has gone down since the wind turbines were installed. Heat Recovery There is a new Public Safety Building going in near enough to the power plant to be another load for heat recovery. The application submitted to the RE Fund Round 6 by ANTHC only accounts for diesel plant heat recovery. A lot more fuel could be displaced if AVEC would integrate the wind turbines for heat, too. The community's representative to the AVEC board should lobby for this at the next annual meeting. Nuvista Nuvista has a $1.5M grant to survey Kwinhagak, Good News Bay and Platinum for possible interties and roads to reduce the need for infrastructure. Nuvista believes Chikuminak Lake could provide hydra power for this area and are doing a feasibility study now. Platinum has a deep water port, Kwinhagak has a 4,000' runway and there is a good source of gravel in the mountains by Good News Bay. Connecting the 3 communities would give everyone access to each other's facilities and resources. One drawback is that Good News Bay and Platinum are in the Lake and Peninsula Borough and School District while Kwinhagak is in the Lower Kuskokwim School District. There is talk of a thermal vein between Kwinhagak and Dillingham — but there is no proof of this yet. Training Opportunities Yuut Ilitnarviat teaches electric trade. It takes 8 months. Dorms are available. Room and board cost $400/month plus the training fee. Kwinhagak will need a Class 2 licensed operator if the water/sewer system gets bigger. ARUC now runs the w/s system for the City. Demographics — there are more youth (up to 20's) than elders. Erosion - at the old airport. Old power lines with asbestos are sticking out of the water, the road is disappearing. if not addressed, this erosion will encroach on the new airport. October 2, 2012 Stakeholder Meeting Qanirtuuq "Red Building" Introduction by John Mark Review of Projects by Henry Mark Intro of Visitors/START Team by Brian Hirsch Brian — START is all about looking at ALL energy issues in the community. The goal is to prevent emergency fuel shortages this spring. CCHRC is helping Kwinhagak document fuel savings from appropriately designed housing. Elaine "Chicky" Brown — Nuvista has partnered with RurALCAP and is looking to do large hydro and "cluster community" project (interties). Nuvista is a Native -owned non-profit that's been around for a long time but has become most active in the last couple of years. Brian — RurALCAP will be coming to Kwinhagak soon. What is the best time for the community? They will do Energy Efficiency Education, an Energy Fair and Demonstration Projects in homes. Freeze up or mid -January is the best time for RurALCAP to come to town. Native American Management Systems/NAMS — In Kwinhagak to help the Housing Department to develop financial assistance packages for potential homebuyers. Kermit Mankiller (HUD funded TA) — how many houses and how to finance? In town to gather info now. They will provide a plan for replacing bad houses and building new ones. Affordability is an issue. Need to build an appropriate design the fit the climate and income rather than fit the person to the house. Enekaga Program — Build to Own Program (En nek kaga means "my house) Bill Stamm — AVEC The wind farm was funded through the Denali Commission/Renewable Energy Fund. The income is reinvested in AVEC. Bill is trying to determine why only one wind turbine is spinning. Not enough load? WTG Fault? Too much wind? The communication link keeps failing. AVEC is working with ANTHC to connect the WTGs energy to the water line. New Store - building is spending $8,200/mo. for electricity. There is energy efficient lighting, but could put heat recovery on freezers. If the store installs a wind turbine, AVEC would limit how much. The avoided cost they would pay is about $.30/kWh. The size limit for Kwinhagak is 10 kW of installed RE power. AVEC suggestion for saving on electric bill — watch peak load. Power Issues - How far down does the ground wire for a residential service have to go? 8 feet deep is best. Who is at fault if the meter base is the problem? The ground wire was sparking and some appliances burned out. The owner is responsible. Pilar Thomas — Energy Planning (see ppt) Set goals and then work towards them (prevents ADHD). Develop local capacity Prepare for applying for funding ID sources other than AEA — USDA/Tribal Energy/? CVRF covers 20 villages and distributed $18M in 2011 for heating and community projects. Sustainability and Support Mechanisms Energy Committee Energy Champion Energy Planning 1. ID Stakeholders 2. Select Leaders — City, Corp, CVRF, AVEC, LKSD, Moravian Church, KVC, Community members 3. Develop common objective and vision Brian pointed out that more $ goes to heat than power, so THINK HEAT. Comment— AVEC doesn't address community recommendations from annual meeting. Brian suggests that this is where the Energy Committee could help. 4. Determine Community Baseline Energy use by sector/by type and Future Load Comment — Use I -GAP Coordinator to gather data. 5. Establish SPECIFIC goals i.e. Reduce electricity use by _% by ` , or increase energy efficiency by % by , or obtain �% of energy from Renewables (RPS) 6. ID and evaluate policy, programs and project options 7. ID and secure planning and project funding Tribal, Federal — DOE, DEC, ANA, DOI, State/NGOs 8. Complete Plan 9. Measure, evaluate, fine tune John Mark — Objectives and Goals — words should be reversed as it seems confusing. My thoughts — replace such words with phrases. Where are we now? Where do we want to be? How do we get there? Are we there yet? If not, why? John Mark stated that there is no community Vision Statement for Energy — just some ideas, no vision. Is there biomass that can use willow/alders? There are lots of young men that could work to collect such woods. EPA stoves can't use green wood, though. Pilar — we need R&D on small heat/power technology. Heat recovery from the power plant could be expanded to other buildings OR do a biomass system. There is a trash burner by Swansons in Bethel where they burn trash to heat the store. The corporation wanted to do that in Kwinhagak, but the cost was $100K and they couldn't get a loan for it. It costs more than $50K/yr. to heat the store... We actually went to Swanson's to check out this trash burner while in Bethel waiting for our jet. It was not operating at the time and the maintenance man who knows the most about it was not working until the next day, so we didn't get a lot of details. It appears to not burn very clean, as there was a lot of soot around the stack. October 3 Kuinerrarmiut Elitnaurviat (Kwinhagak School) Principal: Eric Pederson eric Pederson Q1 ksd.o rci l_KSD Project Mgr: Bill Murdock bill murdock &..lksd.org Maintenance Men: Bob Cleveland and Joshua Brown The school changed over to more efficient lighting "a couple years ago". They haven't seen much savings, though, as they go through a bulb a day and have the change ballasts "often" Now using T-8, used to be T-12. Is there a problem with the wiring at the school? Power quality? Poor quality bulbs and ballasts? Heat exchangers are failing (dangerous levels of CO2 can get into the school!) The maintenance guys have to keep welding cracks in the pipes. The new addition in progress now will have a boiler room that will heat the whole school. Suggestions: Rooftop VAWT to make heat. Or a VAWT nearby, if not on roof. October 3 Joint Council and Q Inc. Meeting Qanirtuuq "Red Building" Henry Mark (KVC), John Mark (KVC), Emma White (City), Grace Hill (City), Lucille Mark (City, Pauline Mark (City), Grace Mark (City), George Pleasant (Q Inc.), John Sharp (KVC), Joe Pleasant (1-GAP), Warren Jones (KVC?), Annie Cleveland (KVC) and Darren Cleveland (KVC) at the AVCP Annual Meeting in Bethel. How many wood stoves in town? Most folks have them, but they are often rusted out. Someone here makes homemade woodstoves, but there is no firebrick in them. In Dillingham some folks have woodstoves that heat water, too. Nice! Kwinhagak needs funding to get wood stoves for everyone. Folks mostly burn willow and alder, some cottonwood comes in as driftwood. Some folks go as far as Kwethluk to get wood. Folks who can't travel to get wood often buy 2x4's from the store to burn (cheaper than stove oil!). Report on the School by John Lyons. The existing furnace is old and in bad condition. The addition being added to the school will double it in size. it will use more electricity and heating fuel. Suggests a VAWT on the roof for wind to heat. START will meet with BIII Murdock in Bethel. START ended up having a teleconference with Bill instead. He is all on board with projects that actually materialize and help save fuel. He seemed a bit burned out from his experience in Kwigillingok and Kongiganek with their high aiming wind projects that never delivered for the schools there... The current school is overpopulated by 200%. John Mark is worried about the water tank for wind to heat taking up classroom space. This will not be a problem as the tank will go in a building for utilities. IF the new school uses more fuel, the community won't be able to buy from them in the spring. No sense of if the school might need even more storage for itself with the addition. Water/Sewer service was hooked up to 3 teacher houses without consulting with NVK. So, there is no guarantee that the equipment matches up with NVK. These homes need to pay like everyone else, not just by their water meter. John Mark — Collaboration is a new concept in Kwinhagak. They need a visionary leader to pull it all together. They need Energy Conservation Education so folks think about energy use first when designing a building. Pilar — AEA did estimates on every community in 2009. For Kwinhagak it listed the peak load as 466 kW and 1.8M kWh/yr. John Mark thinks this is when the Fish Plant was still in operation. BUT with the new w/s load and some new houses added it could still be the same load. In 2009 it was said that the community spent $970K for heating oil (196K gallons). Incorrect— { think it should be 196K gallons at $4.651gallon. This needs to be updated for decision on how to best save fuel for the least amount of investment. The school is working on an energy profile that includes their addition, need AVEC stats from website, "Willard" has data for large buildings in town, the City and Tribe had Energy Audits and can forward those reports when completed. There will also be a new Public Safety Building and new residential housing. The "Crooked Creek" house has a load profile (get from CCHRC). There is new teacher housing. The Fish Plant Renovation can be profiled when the A&E firm comes to assess. Energy Champion — full time job or part time job? Is there funding? At this time START does not have funding for an Energy Champion. Maybe the position could be combined with existing EPA or BlAjob? Brian thinks RurALCAP has funding to hire someone for 6 wks. to train for Energy Efficiency work and to help with the local efforts. Kwinhagak didn't apply for a ViSTA position during the last opportunity, but they plan to this year. John Mark wants to ID stakeholders and let them pick their own representative. LKSD — School Board; AVEC — delegate; Church, NVK, Q Inc., City, Community at Large. Warren Jones believes that without funding, this committee will just fade away. Which organization would cover the Energy Champion position? o Pilar suggested that the $$ saved by Energy Efficiency work could go into a fund that could be reinvested in like projects, used to leverage more $$, or used to fund a job. o Warren suggested that existing gaming permits could put 10% towards this Energy Committee. o Henry Mark — NVK could decide to invest in Efficiency projects, then put savings into more such projects o Pilar — NVK is a non-taxable entity o HM — So why do they pay gaming taxes to the City? o Pilar — State law for gaming may allow for this o Brian — AK doesn't recognize Federal Tribal Status o John Mark — NVK produces about $1 M in gaming revenue. After making payments to winners there is $40K leftover. City taxes take $30K, leaving NVK with only $1 OK. (Hmm... 1 bet this was discussed after we left) o Pilar — the City could levy a tax dedicated to Renewable Energy. Then the City could loan homeowners the $$ for weatherization and then collect after the homeowner gets their rebate through the AHFC Homeowner Rebate Program. AVCP does weatherization on their existing units (6?). A committee would provide guidance to the Energy Champion(s) and then the Committee would report to the Joint Council. Last year is the first time Kwinhagak ran out of fuel before the summer fuel barge. They believe it was the excessive cold spell and the new wls system. A new tank is expensive and will take time to get funded. The best bet is conservation and adding a renewable resource to defer the need for more fuel storage. John Mark believes that folks need educating to realize that new appliances actually save $$. Henry Mark — his vision is that there would be district heating for a new subdivision. They could send young people to training to learn the technical skills for all levels of the work required. Weatherization creates jobs, too. AVEC pays NVK to hire an operator. The pay is based on the size of the power plant. High school dropouts can't get work. Maybe offer them a job to do weatherization as an incentive to get their GED. Wind projects of any size can be funding through a USDA grant/loan combination — OR you can just borrow $$ from a bank. Pilar — One goal for the energy plan could be to reduce the 196K gallons of fuel for heating by 10%. Henry Mark -- Reduce water costs by reducing the heating needs for the water pipeline. Reduce the diesel for heating the water line by 10% by 2017 through W HRS at power plant or a VAWT. John Lyons — OR put a V-15 behind the store and provide heat and power to the store. There would be no avian issues as they could use the AVEC avian study. Could also use a wind turbine to provide heat to the High School gym. The WHRS was estimated to save 14,200 gallons of diesel for the Water Building. (taken from the grant ANTHC wrote for RE Round 6) The grant request was for $688K. The plan COULD include energy from the wind farm with cooperation from AVEC. John Mark — If there was a wind turbine dedicated to the Water Treatment Plant it could heat the water line and excess heat could go to heat nearby homes. Compare the cost of a wind farm for heat compared to individual small turbines to heat buildings. Two options: 1. Wind to Heat (with Joint Councils, Nuvista) 2. More Wind w/AVEC START Alaska: Energy Networking Tour Fairbanks, Alaska: August 26, 27, 28 Schedule of Events Saturday, August 25 6:00pm Meet and greet (Dinner) Brief summaries of each village's START projects Energy Planning Session Sunday, August 26 10:00-6:00 Chena Hot Springs Renewable Energy Fair http://www.chenahotsprings.com/renewable-energy-fair/ Monday, August 27 8:00-10:00 Drive to Delta Junction 10:00-12:00 Delta Wind Farm http://deltawindfarrn.com/ 12:00-1:00 Lunch 1:00-3:00 Drive to Tok 3:00-5:00 Tok school biomass project http://www.agsd.us/biomass/index.htmi 5:00-9:00 Return to Fairbanks Tuesday, August 28 8:00-8:50 Biomass combined heat and power http://www.chenapower.com/biomass-power-plant/ 9:00-9:50 Superior Pellet Fuels http://www.sug)eriorpelletfuels.com/ 10:00-11:00 ABS Alaskan (energy supplies retailer) http://absak.com/ 11:00-12:30 Cold Climate Housing Research Center http://www.cchrc.org/ 12:30-2:00 Lunch 2:00-3:00 Tour UAF ACEP facilities httv://www.uaf.edu/acep/ - Wind -diesel testbed — Organic Rankin Cycle green machine 3:00-5:00 Energy champion roundtable discussion — Ideas exchange with UAF faculty 8 Chena Hot Springs Renewable Energy Fair and Tour August 25 to August 28, 2012 Sheelene Fields Simple — Venetie Brandon Garnett — Arctic Village Henry Mark — Quinhagak Jerry Okbaok — Teller Gary Williams — Kake Connie Fredenberg — Marsh Creek LLC Levi Kilcher - NREL August 25 All gather at the airport in Fairbanks. Levi Kilcher drives the crew to Chena Hot Springs. We meet for dinner with Pilar Thomas and discuss plans for the next few days and schedule an Energy Planning session for after breakfast in the morning. August 26 Chena Hot Springs Resort Bernie and Connie Karl, owners 907-451-8104 56.5 Mile Chena Hot Springs Rd. Meet for breakfast. Pilar runs through the draft Energy Planning Curricula, asking for input to "Alaskanize" the material. Pilar wants feedback within the next couple of weeks. The RE Fair began at 10 a.m. and lasted until 5 p.m. In addition to vendors there were special presentations, tours and speakers. Speakers included Senators Lisa Murkowski and Mark Begich and Ron Wyden from Oregon (D) who will be the next chairman of the Energy Committee, if it's not Senator Murkowski. Dr. Roy McAlister, President of the American Hydrogen Association and Douglas Hollett, Program Manager for the DOE's Geothermal Technologies Program, Brian Hirsch and Pilar Thomas spoke. Several Fairbanks area political leaders also spoke. There were interesting presentations all day long in two large tents and many vendors to visit and learn from, i.e. Shearwater Systems, LLC. They are a subsidiary of Old Harbor Native Corp. and have partnered with Waste to Energy Canada/WTEC to deploy environmentally safe, sustainable modular waste -to -energy solutions. We also learned about LEDs for greenhouse gardening, got a tour of the hydroponic greenhouse, saw the low -temperature geothermal generator that made CHS famous, and could chat with Michael Golab about his electric powered snow machine. The START crew was treated like YIPS by Bernie Karl, owner of CHS Lodge. He did his best to make folks feel welcome and special. August 27 Tok School Scott McManus smcmanus a sd.us 1313.5 Alaska Highway Tok, AK 99780 We left CHS at a little past 7 a.m., Levi drove us to FBKS and we were able to do an early check in for one room at our hotel. We left Sheelene's husband and year old baby at the hotel while Levi drove the rest of us on the 4 hour ride to Tok. There we had a fascinating tour of the Tok school's biomass combined heat and power chip boiler. Assistant Superintendent McManus explained the history of the project, the difficulties and the successes. The boiler was not operating when we were there, but plans are to fire it up as soon as the weather cools off. The school district is working on a heat sales agreement with DOT, located next to the school. With the additional heat loop in place the school will be able to run their boiler at a higher temperature and get the steam powered electric generator operating. They expect to run the 125 kW generator at 66 kWs of production. They expect to offset all the diesel they now use to heat the school and a good portion of the electric load. If they produce extra power the local utility, Alaska Power and Telephone, will buy the power at the avoided cost of fuel. All their wood is from nearby. The forest service provides a lot of free wood and other wood is purchased from local vendors. The school has its own chipper and plenty of land available to store the wood. There was initially concern amongst nearby residents about emissions from the plant. A study showed that a regular household using a wood stove emits 1000 ppm of CO while this boiler emits only 14 ppm of CO. Delta Wind Farm Mike Craft mikecraftO-akwind.net On the way back to Fairbanks we stopped at the Delta Wind Farm, owned and operated by Mike Craft. Mike was supposed to meet us but his truck broke down in Valdez and he couldn't make it back in time. We got Mike's permission to drive to the site and walk around, but not to climb up in any of the wind turbines. It was a windy day and all turbines were operating. (7) Skystreams, (1) Northwind 100 and (1) 900 kW EWT machine. The Skystreams made the most noise. August 28 K&K Jesse Warwick and Max Frey max,chenapower(&gmail.com We left the hotel at 7:30 a.m. to drive to Bernie Karl's K&K waste to power facility. After visiting two of Bernie's other scrap metal yards we finally found the correct site. The boiler operation was the crown jewel amongst a large yard of neatly arranged cool stuff that Bernie had collected 10 (traffic lights, metal shelving and building beams, other unidentifiable metal scraps). Bernie is a true scavenger and a master at re -using such things in artful ways. The large building at CHS where all the speeches were made was a combination of an old greenhouse from the university and various scrap metal he had scrounged. showed us around and explained the operation. The boiler uses pellets made from scrap cardboard by shredding, wetting, and then pressing the sludge into pellets about 3 inches long by 1 inch thick. The pellets are then burned at high heat to make steam to run (3) 125 kW steam generators. Plans are to install 2 more 125 kW generators outside of the plant. These will run extremely hot and the excess heat will help operate the 3 inside that operate at a lower temperature. (Did 1 get that right?) This is the only such plant in the world. They estimate it will burn 5,000 tons of garbage per year. The plant was designed by United Technologies (same company that built the geothermal generator at CHS) and was funded by a $2 million grant from AEA with some matching funding and in -kind from Bernie. Superior Pellet Fuels www.superiorpolletfuels.com Chad Schumacher 907-488-6055 PO Box 82876 Fairbanks, AK 99708 After K&K we drove to this plant, also located in North Pole. Chad Schumacher operates the plant and gave us our tour. The plant equipment is very similar to a feed mill — grinding, drying, then pressing the material into the small pellet shapes. They use a mixture of spruce, aspen, birch and cottonwood — but the bulk of their material is spruce (75%). They de -bark the logs to keep ash down — which also keeps the maintenance costs down for the plant (doesn't gum up machinery). There are no emissions requirements on the plant as it is well designed and doesn't operate more than 5,000 hours/year. They double burn particulates. The plant produces 100 tons/day. $2.42/gallon diesel is the break-even point for using pellets. At this time the only village they ship to is Galena. At $.18/# shipping the pellets are cheaper than fuel oil. The freight costs are not economic for other communities. Pellets are typically burned in a pellet stove, designed for maximum efficiency. But 15 # of pellets will burn for 12 hours in a burn basket placed inside a regular wood stove. 1 ton of pellets is equal to 1 cord of wood. The pellet stoves require electric power, but not much, to run the auger, pilot light and fan. (3 amps @ 110 V = .3kW) Wood Stove Pellet Burn Basket www.tlbproductions.ora Thomas Bruner tlbproductions(a)gci.net 907-347-7578 ABS Alaska 11 Eddie Davidson Eddieaa)-absAK.com General Manager/System Design and Installations/Certified Installer for Solar/Wind/Hydro 2130 Van Horn Road Fairbanks, AK 99701 Eddie showed us around this store which specializes in residential renewable energy and energy efficient equipment and supplies. Interesting info: Pure sine wave inverters are the best. They cost a little more, but it's worth the extra cost up front. For solar panels in Alaska, Latitude + or —15 degrees is a good tilt. + in the winter and — in the summer. They had a 25 kW hydro plant for $50K. Cold Climate Housing Research Center Jack Hebert iack(a7cchrc.arQ President/CEO 1000 Fairbanks, St. /PO Box 82849 Fairbanks, AK 99708 Jack gave us the tour. The highlight for us was the "Sustainable Village" they built using student labor. There are 4 housing units that were designed and built by students under the leadership of CCHRC staff. The units are nearly complete and will be used as student housing. The plan is to then improve upon this design and build 4 more next year. Each unit cost only $200,000 to build. The materials must be able to fit in one plane load for transport to a community. The goal is to get the cost down to $200K — including delivery to the community. These units have self contained above ground septic systems designed and marketed by Life Water out of Fairbanks. These units are so successful a unit sized for a building with 38 users was recently sold to a company in New Hampshire. The solids are collected in the unit and the water that is drained out is clean enough to let flow into a stream. Water must be delivered to the houses and tanks can either be in the house or buried in the ground. The toilets have a grinder built in, but use very little energy. The "modern sod house" designed and built in Anaktuvak Pass used only 180 gallons of diesel in one year — this is the same amount other houses there can use in just over one winter month. The houses take advantage of south facing passive solar and super insulation with a heated air exchanger. The houses are heated with a tiny heater — the same as is used in the cab of semi trucks. The exterior of the houses were tin roofing sheets and cut pipe that students found. The cut pipe looked almost like logs from a distance. There were solar arrays to set up for powering the housing units and for studying their effectiveness and efficiency in the high latitudes. One had "fins" to increase the surface/reflective area — a design that looked promising, but did not perform as expected, according to Jack. 12 Alaska Center for Energy and Power/ACEP Brent Sheets and Julie Estey met us at the door. We were treated to a tour of the facility and the Wind -Diesel Test Bed. We were then joined by several more staff/faculty members and seated at a large rectangular table for the "Roundtable" Discussion. Nick Jansen, Art Nash, Rorik Peterson, Rich Weis, Ross Coen, Daisy Juang, Chen:?, Dave Light., and Amy Rath. "How can the UAF help rural communities and how can rural communities help UAF?" Julie Estey stated that one of the services provided by ACEP is to answer technical questions for communities. Contact either Julie or Brent Sheets with questions. julie.estey(a-alaska.edu 907-444-1144 or bisheets2(a)-alaska.edu 907-444-1194. Henry Mark wants to alleviate the growing need for energy in Quinhagak. The water/sewer system being installed has added significantly to their energy burden. How can ACEP help with that? Can the wind -diesel system in Quinhagak be used to help heat this system? They were using 2,000 gailons/month at $10 gallon last winter to keep the glycol line heated. They have a burn box at their dump that burns for hours. Can they use that some way? No — it's 2.5 miles away — too far to be economical. Last winter folks were using so much electricity to keep their heat trace operating so some folks turned theirs off — it froze a whole line. Replacing 55 houses with CCHRC units — these houses will have the mascerating toilet and can have life water septic systems, flush and haul systems OR they can hook up to the w/s line. A congressional staff visit was recently made to Quinhagak to look at their w/s system in progress. Henry did not talk with them so does not know the purpose or outcome of their visit. Brandon Garnett, Environmental Coordinator in Arctic Village, is working on a solid waste program for his community. He wishes they had geothermal energy to develop. They are getting a Smart Ash burn barrel for their dump, but are not looking at heat recovery. Jerry Okbaok from Teller has experience with the water plant and building maintenance. The sewage lagoon in Teller was designed in 1969 for the whole community, but now it can't even handle the load from the school. The 3 year old clinic was badly designed. The water and sewer system designed by ANTHC doesn't work — the clinic has a honey bucket and has to haul water. This isn't sanitary or safe. Gary Williams is concerned about pellets vs. chips vs. cordwood systems. Which makes the most sense for Kake? How do the economics on spending more to buy local vs. spending less to buy an imported project work out? Discussion by ACEP staff; The City of Tanana buys cords of wood for $250 to heat their washeteria. Residents can get a chainsaw through the city and pay for it a little bit each time they bring in a load of wood. Chipping can use lower quality wood. 13