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Angoon Low-income Housing Pellet District Heat Project - Energy Efficiency Audit, Assessment, and Alternative Energy Study - Mar 2016 - REF Grant 7081113
DE 0005179 Energy E ciency Audit, Assessment, and Alterna ve Energy Study March 22, 2016 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Supplemental Reports Mul family Residen al Buildings in Southeast Alaska Communi es Principal Inves gator: Craig Moore Consor um/Teaming Members : THRHA Weatheriza on Sta , Alaska Energy Engineering, WES Energy & Environment, Marquam George, Lime Solar, BacGen Solar, Michael Reid Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Table of Contents THRHA – AkWarm Energy Model Analysis THRHA – Monitoring System Value and Example Outputs Angoon – Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Angoon – District Heating System Technical Requirements Angoon – District Heat System Concept Drawings Angoon – DIstrict Heating System Conceptual Design Calculations Angoon – District Heating System Monitoring Plan Angoon – Request for Proposals: Biomass District Heating System Project Haines – Low Rent Housing Heating Conversion Analysis Haines – Low Rent Housing Monitoring Plan Haines – Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Hoonah – Low Rent Apartments Monitoring Plan Klawock – Senior Center Wood Briquette / Wood Pellet Option Comparison Saxman – Multifamily Low Rent Housing Heating Conversion Analysis Saxman – Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska THRHA – AKWARM ENERGY MODEL ANALYSIS Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska THRHA – MONITORING SYSTEM VALUE AND EXAMPLE OUTPUTS Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 Monitoring System Value and Example Outputs THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Monitoring System Value and Example Outputs – Summary Report for DOE Grant A key part of the work performed in the supplemental effort for the DOE project was to develop and implement remote monitoring plans for THRHA facilities and projects. This effort is seen by THRHA as extremely valuable. Now that these plans have been investigated further, THRHA is in a position to incorporate this technology and approach into its buildings and projects as the energy efficiency efforts identified as part of the DOE grant are implemented. This monitoring allows THRHA to track energy usage to identify when there are issues that need to be addressed, and to verify performance of equipment and energy saving measures. Importantly, this monitoring also allows THRHA to remotely see when equipment is down or not performing correctly, and this allows THRHA to dispatch its maintenance team in a cost effective manner to provide residents with the best service possible. The following images are examples of screen shots from the recently implemented monitoring system at the Kake project where efficiency upgrades and a biomass renewable energy system were implemented. Figure 1 shows a summary screen that lists current key values. Figure 2 shows some of the trending options that are available from the system to view performance over time. Figure 1 – Summary Screen with Key System Values Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 Monitoring System Value and Example Outputs THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Figure 2 – Example of Trending of Key System Parameters Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska ANGOON BIOMASS DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM PROJECT INVESTIGATION REPORT DE 0005179 Energy E ciency Audit, Assessment, and Alterna ve Energy Study December 21, 2015 Angoon Biomass District Hea ng System Project Inves ga on Report Angoon, AK Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority PO Box 32237 Juneau, AK 99803 (907) 780 6868 Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final TOC Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Existing Energy Systems and Usage..................................................................................................1 3.0 Wood Pellet District Heating System Option Considerations...........................................................3 3.1 Wood Pellet Boiler Type ...............................................................................................................3 3.2 Central Plant Location...................................................................................................................4 3.3 Heating Capacity Backup and Interconnections...........................................................................4 3.4 District Heating Piping System......................................................................................................5 3.5 Approach to Controls and Metering.............................................................................................7 3.6 Wood Pellet Supply Considerations and Storage Selection..........................................................7 3.6.1 Water Access.........................................................................................................................7 3.6.2 Delivery Types and Storage Configurations..........................................................................8 4.0 District Heating System Preliminary Design....................................................................................13 5.0 District Heating System Life Cycle Cost Analysis ............................................................................13 5.2 Annual Energy Cost Savings........................................................................................................13 5.3 Annual O&M Costs......................................................................................................................14 5.4 Life Cycle Cost Analysis ...............................................................................................................14 Attachment A – System Sizing and Energy Analysis Attachment B – Pellet Storage and Delivery Vehicle Cut Sheets Attachment C – Preliminary Design Attachment D – Preliminary Cost Estimates Attachment E – Life Cycle Cash Flow Analysis Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 1 of 16 1.0 INTRODUCTION THRHA has been awarded a grant from the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) to install a new biomass district heating system connecting 9 buildings in Angoon, AK. These buildings include 8 multifamily housing buildings with 22 individual units, and a community center building. A preliminary feasibility study was completed for this project, and was the basis for the AEA grant application submittal. THRHA has since performed additional project investigations to focus the scope of the project, develop a preliminary system design, investigate fuel supply, establish a project budget, and analyze the life cycle costs associated with the project. This document summarizes the additional project investigations. 2.0 EXISTING ENERGY SYSTEMS AND USAGE Table 2 1 lists the buildings, units, heating equipment in each, and the fuel usage for the 2013 2014 heating season. This heating season was the first full heating season after weatherization projects had been completed, and previous year fuel usages were higher due to less efficient buildings. For example, the fuel usage for 2012 2013 was 16,371 gallons. The 2013 2014 value is used in this document as the typical annual usage value. At current fuel oil pricing of approximately $4.65/gallon, this is an annual expenditure of $56,423. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 2 of 16 Table 2 1 – Boiler Capacity & 2013 2014 Fuel Oil Usage for Each Building Building Unit Installed Boiler Capacity, mmBtu/hr 2013 2014 Fuel Use, gal 2013 2014 Fuel Use, gal 1 A 0.089 771 1,373B 0.089 602 2 A 0.089 664 1,377B 0.089 713 3 A 0.089 507 962B 0.089 455 4 A 0.089 577 1,228B 0.089 651 5 A 0.175 284 1,723B 718 C 406 D 315 6 A 0.089 407 1,607B 0.089 709 C 0.089 224 D 0.089 267 7 A 0.089 420 1,548B 0.089 739 C 0.089 389 8 0.124 1,149 1,149 9 A 0.089 343 1,167B 0.089 428 C 0.089 396 Totals 1.901 12,134 12,134 Notes: Since 2013 2014, Building 5 has been converted to one single boiler serving all 4 units. The usage shown is for when there were individual boilers for each unit, and the installed capacity shown is for the single boiler that now serves these units. The fuel oil pricing has ranged widely in the past several years. Table 2 2 lists the fuel oil costs for 2013, 2014, and 2015. Table 2 2 – Oil Pricing in Past Years Year Oil Price Range, $/gallon 2013 5.15 5.33 2014 5.10 5.15 2015 4.65 Attachment A provides a district heating system sizing and energy analysis performed by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC. This document provides an estimated annual electric usage by the existing boiler systems of 2,497 kWh. The current electric rate is $0.628/kWh for the first 500 kWh in the month, and $0.568/kWh after the first 500 kWh in the month. The boilers are assumed to have their own meters, and it is assumed they are not on the Power Cost Equalization (PCE) rate. The PCE rate is available to Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 3 of 16 provide economic assistance to customers in rural areas of Alaska where the kilowatt hour charge for electricity can be three to five times higher than the charge in more urban areas of the state. The PCE rate is available to the residents of the multi family units, but is not directly available to THRHA for operation of the boilers or central boiler plant. 3.0 WOOD PELLET DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM OPTION CONSIDERATIONS Using the preliminary feasibility study as a starting point, THRHA evaluated several options for the central plant, building interconnections, and wood pellet storage. This section discusses the various key factors considered for each of these, and identifies the direction selected. 3.1 Wood Pellet Boiler Type THRHA considered two wood pellet boiler system approaches. These were to use multiple small commercial pellet boilers and thermal storage to meet the range of loads across the year, or to use one larger wood boiler and large thermal storage to meet the range of loads. The following is a list of key factors (pros and cons) considered for each system. As representative options, THRHA considered the Maine Energy Systems (MES) boiler line and the Viessmann boiler line. Both of these equipment vendors have successful installation examples in SE Alaska. After careful consideration of the options, two MES 191,000 Btu/hr output boilers were selected as the basis for the preliminary design of the project. Small Commercial Pellet Boilers 0.2 mmBtu and under (MES boiler line) Provides a wide band of boiler plant operation through modulation of the boilers firing rate as opposed to cycling (i.e. two boilers provide a modulating range of 0.057 – 0.383 Btu/hr). Smaller thermal storage requirement due to wider range of modulation, and lower firing rate. Single phase power is able to be used. THRHA already has several MES boilers, and has trained staff with experience running these boilers, as well as the ability to maintain a consistent stock of wear and replacement parts. The overall cost of the boilers needed to cover the vast majority of the heating demand is lower than the single Viessmann boiler. Medium Sized Commercial Pellet Boilers 0.5 mmBtu and up (Viessmann ASME rated boiler line) Provides a robust combustion system able to handle a wider range of fuel qualities o Potential for future switch to refined chip fuel (under 30% MC wb and 1.25” minus). Requires 3 phase power o Initial estimate from utility of $50,000 to bring in 3 phase power. Lowest ASME rated option (0.512 mmBtu/hr) is larger than would be ideal for the range of loads seen as boiler plant would spend more time in cycling mode. This unit would modulate between approximately 0.128 mmBtu/hr and 0.512 mmBtu/hr. Larger thermal storage required to allow efficient coverage of summer loads and minimize cycling. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 4 of 16 3.2 Central Plant Location THRHA considered several central plant locations. These were the location identified in the preliminary feasibility study, at the end of Xoatz Road, and on a corner of the adjacent Angoon Assembly of God Church property. The first two locations were eliminated due to the impact to parking space and the location of future planned development tracks. The Church has been approached, and is looking favorably towards providing a lease of the land to THRHA for use for the central plant. Sheet M 1 in Attachment C shows the selected location for the central plant. 3.3 Heating Capacity Backup and Interconnections THRHA considered several options for district heating system backup and interconnection to the individual buildings. The options for backup included keeping some or all of the existing boilers for backup of the wood pellet boiler, or locating the backup in the central plant and decommissioning the existing oil boilers. THRHA selected locating the backup in the central plant. The key reasons for this are to reduce long term maintenance costs, and to remove the liability of the aging oil storage tanks. One of the key benefits of a district heating system is that the number of boilers and tanks to be maintained is drastically reduced, and using backup from the central plant allows THRHA to realize this benefit. Both direct connection to building hydronic systems and indirect connection through a heat exchanger were considered by THRHA. Some key benefits of each are provided in the following list. In the end, indirect connection through a heat exchanger was selected due to the simplicity of the system’s operation and ability to protect the expensive underground piping and central plant infrastructure. Benefits of Direct Connection Direct connection allows a slightly lower district loop temperature (3 5oF) since there isn’t a heat exchanger between the district water and building water. Direction connection does not have the cost of a heat exchanger, however, there are potentially some offsetting valve and controls costs required depending on the exact method of direct connection. Benefits of Indirect Connection Indirect connection results in a less complicated hydraulic system that is easier to commission and to troubleshoot. Changes in buildings will not impact district hydraulics. Indirect connection separates the district system water from that in the 9 buildings and 23 individual heating loops. This eliminates the potential for poor building water quality or contaminates from individual loops to impact the underground piping and central plant infrastructure. Upon selecting the indirect connection method, THRHA considered the number of heat exchangers to use for each building. In the cases of the buildings with multiple boilers in the mechanical rooms or with adjacent mechanical rooms, a single heat exchanger was selected. For Buildings 1 and 2, where the mechanical rooms are relatively far apart, THRHA elected to use a heat exchanger in each mechanical Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 5 of 16 room. This avoided the electric cost associated with running a DHW circulation loop to reduce the time required for the hot water to reach the faucet. 3.4 District Heating Piping System THRHA considered several types of piping systems for the district heating project. These included pre insulated pex pipe, pre insulated copper pipe, and pre insulated steel pipe. The original feasibility study identified pre insulated pex piping as the preferred material for this project. However, after consideration of the piping options, THRHA has selected copper pre insulated piping with a minimum of 4” of insulation. The key factor in this decision is the need to reduce annual costs associated with the district energy system’s operation. The heating loads of the buildings supported by the piping system are relatively small compared to the delivery capacity of the piping system, and thus district piping heat losses can comprise a large percentage of annual heating demand if high levels of insulation are not used. The final piping route for the project would be determined by a design build contractor. However, there are two likely routes as shown in the attached preliminary design. This document uses the completely buried district piping route. There is another potential route that would use crawlspaces under the buildings where possible. This route could potentially provide cost savings for the project, depending on the difficulty envisioned by the contractors in transitioning between the buried pipe and crawlspaces. Table 3.4 1 shows how the average heat loss per foot of the district heating system over the course of the year impacts the annual operating costs of the system. The annual heating demand in the buildings themselves is approximately 1,176 mmBtu, and the cost for providing this heat using the existing fuel oil boilers is $56,423 (fuel oil at $4.65/gallon). Table 3.4 1 – Impact of Varying Pipe Heat Loss Rates on Annual Energy Costs Annual Average System Loss Per Foot of Trench, Btu/hr/ft Approximate Annual Heat Loss (1,100 ft trench), mmBtu/yr % of Annual Demand in Buildings (1,176 mmBtu/yr) Cost of Heat Loss (Pellets at $465/ton) % of Current Annual Heating Fuel Cost ($56,423) 8 77 7% $2,705 5% 10 96 8% $3,381 6% 15 145 12% $5,072 9% 20 193 16% $6,762 12% 25 241 20% $8,453 15% 30 289 25% $10,144 18% There are many factors that impact the heat loss in the piping of the district system over the course of a year. The principle of these are, the ambient temperature, temperature of the supply and return water, insulation thickness and condition, soil conditions, and velocity of water in the pipe. Table 3.4 2 provides a comparison of a single run of nominal three inch pipe with three different piping materials Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 6 of 16 and insulation thicknesses with 180 oF water. Note that this is only comparing a single pipe to illustrate the impact of added insulation, and losses for supply and return configurations of either dual line or two single line pipes are higher than shown here. Table 3.4 2 – Comparison of Heat Loss in Single Nominal 3”Pipe Carrier Pipe Type, 3" Nominal Outer Jacket Diameter, in Insulation Thickness, in Approximate Heat Loss per Foot, Btu/hr/ft Pex 6.4 1.44 17.0 Steel A53B ERW 12 4.25 8.5 Copper "k" 12 4.44 7.8 Notes: Losses calculated using heat loss and Louden equations, 50oF ambient temperature, 180 oF water temperature, 0.16 k factor for insulation, and 12 k factor for soil. Given the low heating loads connected to the proposed central plant, and the high cost of wood pellets and oil (heat), the ability of the project to show annual savings requires that heat loss be minimized. Thus, THRHA has selected a minimum insulation thickness of 4” for the pre insulated pipe. This does have a substantial impact on up front project costs. Table 3.4 3 provides a summary of straight pipe material costs for each of the piping types across the ~1,100 ft of trench for the project. Note that the pex piping as a significantly lower materials cost than the highly insulated steel or copper products. The pex piping also has significantly lower installation costs than either steel or copper. The copper product would be expected to have a lower installation cost than steel product. 3.4 3 – Comparison of Piping System Materials Costs for Project Piping Material Approximate Pipe Materials Cost Pre insulated pex $29,000 Pre insulated steel (min 4” insulation) $50,000 Pre insulated copper (min 4” insulation) $65,000 Notes: The cost here is only intended to be the approximate straight pipe materials cost for the project. This does not include fittings or installation. The pex pipe would have the lowest installation costs, and steel would have the highest installation costs. Linear foot pricing based on piping quotes from Rovanco Piping Systems, Inc., (www.rovanco.com) which offers each of the piping systems discussed here. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 7 of 16 3.5 Approach to Controls and Metering The goal with the control of the central plant, district system, and building interconnections is to ensure simplicity of operations. The central plant boilers are controlled by a local boiler controller based on temperatures seen within the central plant. The district system distribution pumps are controlled by variable speed ECM motors that provide variable pressure differential control based on pressures seen at the central plant. The district system flows to the buildings are controlled by control valves that modulate district flow to meet building supply temperature set points. This is controlled by a local building level controller. This control scheme eliminates the need for a complex and expensive DDC system connecting all the buildings and the central plant, while providing efficient operation of the system. Further eliminating the need for a complex DDC system with remote adjustment of system operating parameters is THRHA’s onsite staff. THRHA has highly trained field staff located in Angoon able to respond quickly to any alarms and to routinely adjust system parameters and set points. A monitoring plan for the district heating system developed by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC is included in Attachment C. The monitoring will provide heating equipment status, system temperatures, and pump status for the central plant. This will allow remote viewing of system energy flows, and notification of alarms to personnel not immediately at the plant. The system will also provide energy metering that is remotely monitored and logged. The energy metering will include electric use of the central plant, and heat delivered by the central plant to the district heating system. The system will not provide BTU metering at each individual building. Energy metering at each individual building would add extensive cost and complexity to the system, without providing THRHA with major benefits. 3.6 Wood Pellet Supply Considerations and Storage Selection THRHA sees reliable wood pellet supply as a major item to clearly understand for the Angoon project. This is in large part due to the logistics associated with transporting pellets to the site during the winter when the demand is the largest. 3.6.1 Water Access Alaska Marine Highway System (AMHS)Water access to the town is mainly provided by the AMHS. The ferry that serves the Angoon route is the LeConte, which has the following vehicle restrictions: 13.5 ft high, 9 ft wide (12 ft with 50% fee increase), 40 ft long (single unit) or 60 ft long (combined), and 25 tons. The AMHS charges by the length of the vehicle, and has charges to cover drivers and passengers. The size and type of vehicles that could be used to deliver pellets varies. For a bulk truck, this would be one vehicle. For a tractor and trailer with a container, this would be a combined vehicle. To provide an idea of the total cost for a trip, the cost for the longest vehicle is listed here. A one way cost for a 60 ft long, 9ft wide combined unit is approximately $400 after accounting for a driver. Considering vehicle tare weight, the deliveries are likely limited to approximately 10 15 tons of wood pellets at a time in a bulk delivery. This limitation on delivery size is an issue that increases the cost of the delivered pellet fuel. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 8 of 16 Other factors that drive up the cost of pellets when delivering by way of the AMHS are the logistics associated with delivery once the load is in the community, and the return trip.A delivery not only requires one arrival, but the delivery vehicle will not be able to make it back to the ferry before it leaves on that day. Thus, the delivery vehicle is in the community until the next time the ferry arrives. For much of the year, current schedules show a Thursday arrival and a Saturday arrival each week. Thus, the truck and a driver would need to remain in Angoon for approximately 2 3 days as part of the delivery, which drastically drives up costs. This can be partially mitigated by sending the vehicle with no driver, and having a licensed and insured driver from the community operate the vehicle while it is in Angoon. Another major issue is that the schedule during the peak winter months is increasingly becoming limited. There are only three scheduled stops for the LeConte in Angoon in January 2016, and 4 in February 2016. There is over a month gap between the scheduled January 9 th arrival, and the February 18th arrival. This drastically impacts the deliveries that can be made by a bulk vehicle during this time. A bulk provider will clearly not be able to tie their delivery vehicle up for over a month. Pellets may also be brought in through supersacks in smaller vehicles which are more routinely delivering to the community on the AMHS ferry. The cost of this is approximately $100 per pallet for shipping alone, and a pallet will hold approximately 1 ton. This cost does not include unloading or handling of the super sack. Barge Beach landings are also possible in Angoon. This carries a charge of approximately $7,500 per barge run, and the capacity of a barge is typically approximately 130,000 lbs. This would allow for a larger bulk delivery (~up to 30 tons), but would typically be a more expensive option than use of the ferry, even with the ferry restrictions limiting the delivery size. 3.6.2 Delivery Types and Storage Configurations The wood pellet central plant will require approximately 97 tons of wood pellets annually to offset 90% of the annual heating demand and cover losses in the district piping system. Efficient and flexible receiving of bulk deliveries is thus clearly important. Delivery Types Bulk deliveries are available from auger trucks, pneumatic systems, and in the form of super sacks. The mechanics of each of these delivery methods is identified in the following list. Auger truck o This option is able to provide approximately 10 30 tons per delivery depending on the vehicle size and water transport method limitations. SeaAlaska Corporation and Tongass Forest Enterprises stated that the approximate maximum reach of their augers would be 20 ft in elevation above where the truck sits. Tongass indicated that a 4 ft extension was being added to their delivery auger to increase this reach. The current least cost option is delivery using the AMHS ferry. In this case, the delivery vehicle carrying approximately 10 tons would be transported to the community via the LeConte, load the storage, and then wait until the next arrival of the LeConte to leave the Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 9 of 16 community. The use of a licensed and insured driver that is located in the Angoon community would keep costs down and avoid tie up of an offsite driver. Pneumatic delivery o The pellets would come in a container and be unloaded with a separate blower, or come in a bulk truck with a pneumatic unloading system. Currently no known bulk trucks with pneumatic unloading systems are being used in SE Alaska, and the container transport would be expected. This method would be able to provide 10 25 tons per delivery depending on how the container is transported. The current least cost option is for delivery using the AMHS ferry, and containers with 10 15 tons could be shipped on the LeConte depending on the vehicle used. This delivery method is currently offered by Alaska Pellet Supply, LLC. A blower would also be shipped to Angoon and used to pneumatically load the pellets into the storage. The use of a licensed and insured driver that is trained to use the blower and located in the Angoon community would keep costs down and avoid tie up of an offsite driver/operator. Super sack delivery o Super sacks can be delivered on pallets. Angoon Trading Company makes this type of delivery to the community using the ferry system. The pallets would need to be unloaded and handled by a forklift, and stored in a dry area onsite.Then they would need to be handled with a forklift, and the bottom would need to be untied or cut to allow placement in a storage bin. The design of a storage bin would need to provide safe access for a fork lift with a super sack suspended from the tines, while also allowing for an operator to safely untie the bottom of the bag for emptying into the storage. Angoon Trading Company also has a forklift that is able to be rented. The rental is approximately $50/hr, which includes the operator. Storage Configurations THRHA investigated several options for flexible bulk storage. One key consideration is the total storage volume required. An estimated distribution of the annual demand is provided in Attachment A – Sizing and Energy Analysis on Page3. During the highest three month demand (December through February), THRHA could use approximately 35 tons of wood pellets. During the highest four month demand (December through March) THRHA could use approximately 45 tons of wood pellets. The January and February time frame coincide with increasingly limited ferry access. A storage size of 40 50 tons was established for the storage volume to help span potential gaps in community access. This would also provide sufficient capacity for a 30 ton delivery while still having pellets in storage, which may be useful if a barge delivery is ever required and can accommodate a 30 ton bulk delivery vehicle. The following list identifies each and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the main storage options considered. The bulk hopper tank option (grain silo) was selected due to upfront costs, safety, and ease of access to moving components of the handling system. Shed with Below Grade Pellet Storage This configuration would include construction of an onsite building with below grade pellet storage. The bin would have a sloped bottom and extraction auger or suction ports for removal of pellets from the storage. The structure would Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 10 of 16 have a set of fill/vent ports to allow pneumatic delivery, and large access doors and adequate clearance to allow use of a forklift to empty super sacks into the bin. This same access door would allow auger truck deliveries. o This option allows use of any of the three delivery types. However, it has the following downsides: Access to an extraction auger for jams and maintenance would be under the stored wood pellets. Confined space entry considerations would be needed for access to certain portions of the handling equipment. Costly construction in the remote Angoon community. Bulk Hopper Tank This configuration would be a single bulk storage hopper tank (metal grain silo). This would accommodate the larger bulk deliveries, but would require a separate system to be configured if super sacks were to be blown or fed via auger into the hopper tank. Major benefits of this option are that all moving components are completely outside the storage, and can be isolated from the stored pellets using a slide gate. This allows for ease of service, and eliminates safety concerns regarding confined space entry. Additionally, this is a less costly option for storage volumes on the order of 40 50 tons. Figure 1 shows a picture of an example bulk hopper tank. A general cut sheet on the type of hopper tank envisioned is provided in Attachment B. o The system would include the following features: o Bin lid no higher than 20 ft from the elevation at which the delivery vehicle would sit, and a hopper bottom with an angle of 45 o or steeper. o A 4” line with a 4” camlock male end and vent line to allow pneumatic delivery. 4” camlock would be within 5 ft of grade where delivery person will stand to allow ease of connection. o Viewing ports to allow observation of the level of pellets in the storage bin. o Ladder with security door. o Spring lock lid type that allows lid to move out of way of delivery auger. o Boot with slide gate to accommodate fuel handling method for wood pellet system, and allow for isolation of the boot from the pellet storage for servicing of handling equipment. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 11 of 16 Figure 1 – Example Bulk Hopper Bin Installation Image from Froling Energy www.frolingenergy.com Delivery Truck Purchase Due to the difficult logistics of supplying the Angoon project, and given the installation of several other pellet boilers across the THRHA building fleet, THRHA also considered the purchase of its own delivery vehicle. This could potentially allow for more flexibility and surety of supply. Two truck options were identified in order to develop an order of magnitude cost for delivery vehicle purchase. The first is purchase of an existing, used bulk delivery vehicle. Figure 2 shows a representative used vehicle option that was identified. This vehicle has a self unloading, loose bulk commodity storage area, and a compartment for transport of other goods. The bulk commodity section has a volume of 792 ft 3, or approximately 16 tons of wood pellets. The vehicle fits inside the dimensions of the LeConte’s requirements, with a width of 8.5 ft, total height of 12.5 ft, and a length of approximately 30 ft. The bulk area has a sloped floor at 45 o that feeds a 9” auger. This runs to a 12” vertical auger and then to a 20 ft long, 9” discharge auger that also has a 4 ft extension. With just the 20 ft discharge auger, the truck could deliver to a bin with an opening 20 ft above the elevation at which the truck would sit. The listed cost of this vehicle is ~$65,000. A cut sheet on this vehicle is provided in Attachment B. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 12 of 16 Figure 2 – Example Used Delivery Vehicle Option Vehicle for sale by CEI Equipment (www.CEIEquipment.net) Another option that may be considered and would be cost effective is to purchase a new bulk commodity delivery trailer that could be matched to a tandem or tri axle depending on the model selected. Figure 3 shows a picture of the finished product. The bulk trailer comes in a shipping container for assembly at its destination, and then would need to be set on a matching truck chassis. A new Model 12T20HOH version of this bulk trailer with a hard top would be approximately $45,000 in a container at the factory in Iowa. This model with the hard top can hold approximately 800 ft 3 of wood pellets, or ~16 tons, would meet the LeConte’s vehicle dimensions, and would require a tandem axel truck. The discharge auger length can be selected to match the desired discharge height. With shipping, assembly, and purchase of a used truck, a complete package would be expected to be on the order of $90,000. A cut sheet on the bulk trailer is provided in attachment B. Figure 3 – Image of Shippable Bulk Commodity Trailer Option Image obtained from www.sudenga.com. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 13 of 16 4.0 DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM PRELIMINARY DESIGN A preliminary design of the district heating system has been completed by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC. This design along with performance specifications for the system is provided as Attachment C. This design was completed at the preliminary level to inform the decision making process for THRHA, and to inform development of a rough budget estimate of the project. 5.0 DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS The economic goal of implementing the district heating system is to reduce annual operation and maintenance cost for THRHA associated with the 9 multifamily / community buildings located in Angoon. The district system provides the opportunity for annual energy savings, and savings on annual staffing and boiler maintenance costs. The existing heating systems include 20 boilers in 13 mechanical rooms. The oil tanks are at the end of their useful life, and are a liability. THRHA has seen other similar tanks recently fail, resulting in costly cleanup. Further, most of the key equipment in the boiler rooms is approximately 20 years old, and reaching the point at which plans for replacement are being made. THRHA is discussing plans to begin wholesale replacement of equipment in the next five years. The scope of this project not only includes connection of the existing mechanical rooms to one central plant, it also includes a complete overhaul of the pumps, piping, and domestic hot water equipment in each of the buildings. Table 5 1 provides a summary of the project capital cost estimate. Attachment D provides a breakdown of the line items summarized in Table 5 1. Table 5 1 – Summary of Project Costs Line Item Cost % of Total Central Plant Boiler Systems, Structures, and Storage $241,221 28% Central Plant Site Work $164,406 19% Piping Distribution System (1,100 lf buried pre insulated copper pipe) $221,249 25% District System Connection to 11 Mechanical Rooms (through HX only) $56,425 6% Boiler Room Demolition and Building Equipment Replacement in Mechanical Rooms $187,296 22% Total $870,596 100% By implementing the project, THRHA will avoid the future cost of demolition and removal of the aging oil boilers and storage tanks, and the cost of replacing the boilers / hydronic system equipment in the boiler rooms. This avoided cost is estimated at $372,644, and would be expected to occur within the next 5 years. Attachment D provides a breakdown of the avoided costs by building. 5.2 Annual Energy Cost Savings Table 5 2 presents the annual energy costs associated with the existing heating system, and compares these to the projected energy costs with a wood pellet fueled district heating system. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 14 of 16 Table 5 2 – Annual Energy Savings with Wood Pellet District Heating System Existing System Potential Wood Pellet District System Annual Energy Cost Savings Fuel Oil Use, gal Fuel Oil Cost Electric Use, kWh Electric Cost Fuel Oil Use, gal Fuel Oil Cost Electric Use, kWh Electric Cost Wood Pellet Use, ton Wood Pellet Cost 12,134 $56,423 2,497 $1,568 1,213 $5,642 8,270 $5,045 97 $45,200 $2,104 Notes: Attachment A includes a summary of the heating system analysis. Table 5 6 list the assumptions made in calculating energy savings. It is important to note that fuel oil and wood pellet pricing are the major drivers of annual energy savings for the project, and these prices can vary. Table 5 5 demonstrates the sensitivity of the annual operational cost savings to fuel oil and wood pellet pricing. 5.3 Annual O&M Costs One of the key advantages of a district heating system is reduction of annual operational costs through the reduction of the number of boilers that need to be maintained. Table 5 3 provides an estimate of the difference in annual operation and maintenance costs when comparing the district system to the existing operations. The table also provides an estimate of current and projected labor hours spent. Attachment A includes a breakdown of the O&M cost estimates. The table only focuses on the differences in annual maintenance between the two scenarios, and does not identify all of the existing or future maintenance costs associated with the remainder of the heating systems in the buildings. Table 5 3 – Annual Operation and Maintenance Cost Savings Item Existing Boiler Systems Potential District System Difference (savings) Annual O&M Cost $12,800 $8,787 $4,013 Annual Labor Hours 220 148 72 Notes: The table only focuses on the differences in annual maintenance between the two scenarios, and does not identify all of the existing or future maintenance costs associated with the heating systems in the buildings. Attachment A provides a breakdown of existing and projected annual O&M costs identified. 5.4 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Attachment E provides a 35 year cash flow analysis showing the life cycle cash flows of the wood pellet district heating system when compared to existing operations. The cash flow analysis considers the energy savings at today’s energy prices, annual operation and maintenance savings, and avoided cost of replacing the existing boiler systems and mechanical rooms. Also considered is the replacement of the wood pellet boilers at year 20 of the system’s life. Table 5 4 summarizes the cash flow analysis. The project reaches the breakeven point at year 34, and provides a positive net present value of ~$25,000 over 35 years. It is critical to note that energy pricing and how it varies over time dramatically impacts the cash flow analysis. The cash flow analysis inflates fuel oil at 3.3% and wood pellets at 2.7%, while Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 15 of 16 using a discount rate of 3.0%. If the inflation rate of fuel oil were 4.0% and all other values were kept the same, the net present value would be approximately $240,000, and if the inflation rate of fuel oil were equal to pellets, the net present value would be negative. Similarly, if the cash flow analysis were run with a starting fuel oil price of $5.33/gallon (as seen in 2013), the net present value would be ~$290,000. Table 5 4 – Summary of 35 year Cash Flow Analysis (Oil Price of $4.65/gallon) Item Value A Project Cost $870,596 B Present Value of Wood Boiler Replacement $69,575 C Present Value of Avoided Boiler Room Replacement Cost ($372,644) D Grants Received ($240,592) E Present Value of Investment (A+B+C+D) $326,935 F First Year Operating Savings $6,117 Simple Payback (E/F), years 53 35 yr Net Present Value $27,257 Given the first year operating savings, and the investment cost after accounting for future and avoided costs, the project provides a simple payback in the range of 53 years. Table 5 5 shows the sensitivity of annual operating savings to fuel oil and wood pellet prices. Fuel oil prices especially can be quite volatile. They are currently expected to drop over the next year or so, and, conversely were approximately $5.33/gallon two years ago. At $5.33/gallon, and keeping the other factors the same, the project would show a simple payback in the range of 24 years ($326,935/$13,543). Table 5 5 – Sensitivity of Annual Operating Savings to Wood Pellet and Fuel Oil Prices Fuel Oil Price, $/gal $ 6,117 $4.00 $4.65 $5.33 $5.50 $6.00 Wood PelletPrice, $/ton $350 $10,197 $17,296 $24,722 $26,578 $32,038 $400 $5,337 $12,435 $19,861 $21,718 $27,178 $465 ($981)$6,117 $13,543 $15,400 $20,860 $500 ($4,383) $2,715 $10,141 $11,997 $17,458 $550 ($9,244) ($2,145) $5,281 $7,137 $12,598 Notes: Table varies fuel prices as shown and keeps all other variables constant. The shaded value identifies current pricing that is used in this document. The price of fuel oil was $5.33/gallon, and this value is specifically shown to illustrate the impact of the fuel oil price change on annual operating savings. Table 5 6 provides a list of key assumptions used in calculating the annual energy savings, and performing the life cycle cost analysis. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Page 16 of 16 Table 5 6 – List of Key Assumptions Item Value Unit Source Annual fuel oil usage 12,134 gallons 2013 2014 Records Fuel oil heating value 0.1385 mmBtu/gal Assumption Current fuel oil cost 4.65 $/gal THRHA Existing fuel oil boiler seasonal efficiency 0.7 Assumption New oil boiler efficiency (accounts for district losses) 0.7 Assumption Wood pellet cost 465 $/ton Budgetary quote Wood pellet energy content (HHV) 15.56 mmBtu/ton Assumption Wood pellet boiler efficiency (accounts for district losses) 0.7 Estimate Electric cost (first 500 kWh) 0.628 $/kWh IPEC Electric cost (over 500 kWh) 0.568 $/kWh IPEC Wood pellet coverage of annual demand 0.9 Estimate Portion of existing electric use for boilers at first 500 kWh rate 1.0 Assumption Portion of central plant electric use at first 500 kWh rate 0.7 Assumption Fossil fuel / electric inflation rate (apr) 3.3% Percent Assumption Wood pellet inflation rate (apr) 2.7% Percent Assumption General inflation rate (apr) 2.7% Percent Assumption Discount rate 3.0% Percent Assumption Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Attachment A Sizing and Energy Analysis Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Attachment B Pellet Storage and Delivery Vehicle Cut Sheets ® BROCK® 45° HOPPER BINS FOR RELIABLE STORAGE HOPPER BINS FOR RELIABLE STORAGE 18 FT. 5.5 M 45º 45-01832 45 2092 70 21' - 7" 6.58 45-01833 45 2662 89 24' - 3" 7.39 45-01834 45 3233 107 26' - 11" 8.20 45-01835 45 3803 126 29' - 7" 9.02 45-01836 45 4373 145 32' - 3" 9.83 45-01837 45 4944 164 34' - 11" 10.64 45-01838 45 5514 183 37' - 7" 11.46 45-01839 45 6085 202 40' - 3" 12.27 21 FT. 6.4 M 45º 45-02132 45 3072 102 24' - 0" 7.32 45-02133 45 3849 128 26' - 8" 8.13 45-02134 45 4625 154 29' - 4" 8.94 45-02135 45 5402 180 32' - 0" 9.75 45-02136 45 6179 205 34' - 8" 10.57 45-02137 45 6955 231 37' - 4" 11.38 45-02138 45 7732 257 40' - 0" 12.19 UNMATCHED CHOICES *Maximum Capacity for a bin allows for grain to be at the normal (28-degree) angle of repose, starting one inch (25 mm) below the eave. The grain capacities listed are based on ASAE Standard: ASAE S413, with a compaction factor of 6%. Standard and optional holding bin roof styles are available as follows: DIAMETER FEET METERS MODEL NUMBER HOPPER ANGLE MAXIMUM CAPACITY* FILL HEIGHT BUSHELS M 3 FT. / IN. METERS 9 FT. 2.7 M 45º 45-00931 45 259 9 11' - 10" 3.61 45-00932 45 401 13 14' - 6" 4.42 45-00933 45 543 18 17' - 2" 5.23 45-00934 45 685 23 19' - 10" 6.05 45-00935 45 828 28 22' - 6" 6.86 45-00936 45 970 32 25' - 2" 7.67 45-00937 45 1112 37 27' - 10" 8.48 45-00938 45 1254 42 30' - 6" 9.30 45-00939 45 1396 46 33' - 2" 10.11 45-009310 45 1539 51 35' - 10" 10.92 45-009311 45 1681 56 38' - 6" 11.74 12 FT. 3.7 M 45º 45-01231 45 532 18 14' - 2" 4.32 45-01232 45 785 26 16' - 10" 5.13 45-01233 45 1038 35 19' - 6" 5.94 45-01234 45 1291 43 22' - 2" 6.76 45-01235 45 1544 51 24' - 10" 7.57 45-01236 45 1798 60 27' - 6" 8.38 45-01237 45 2051 68 30' - 2" 9.19 45-01238 45 2304 77 32' - 10" 10.01 45-01239 45 2557 85 35' - 6" 10.82 45-012310 45 2810 93 38' - 2" 11.63 45-012311 45 3063 102 40' - 10" 12.45 12 FT. 3.7 M 60º 45-01201 60 674 22 19' - 5" 5.92 45-01202 60 927 31 22' - 1" 6.73 45-01203 60 1180 39 24' - 9" 7.54 45-01204 60 1433 48 27' - 5" 8.36 45-01205 60 1686 56 30' - 1" 9.17 45-01206 60 1939 64 32' - 9" 9.98 45-01207 60 2193 73 35' - 5" 10.80 45-01208 60 2446 81 38' - 1" 11.61 45-01209 60 2699 90 40' - 9" 12.42 45-012010 60 2952 98 43' - 5" 13.23 45-012011 60 3205 107 46' - 1" 14.05 15 FT. 4.6 M 45º 45-01532 45 1341 45 19' - 2" 5.84 45-01533 45 1737 58 21' - 10" 6.65 45-01534 45 2133 71 24' - 6" 7.47 45-01535 45 2529 84 27' - 2" 8.28 45-01536 45 2925 97 29' - 10" 9.09 45-01537 45 3321 110 32' - 6" 9.91 45-01538 45 3716 124 35' - 2" 10.72 45-01539 45 4112 137 37' - 10" 11.53 15 FT. 4.6 M 60º 45-01502 60 1609 53 25' - 10" 7.87 45-01503 60 2005 67 28' - 6" 8.69 45-01504 60 2400 80 31' - 2" 9.50 45-01505 60 2796 93 33' - 10" 10.31 45-01506 60 3192 106 36' - 6" 11.13 45-01507 60 3588 119 39' - 2" 11.94 45-01508 60 3984 132 41' - 10" 12.75 DIAMETER FEET METERS MODEL NUMBER HOPPER ANGLE MAXIMUM CAPACITY* FILL HEIGHT BUSHELS M 3 FT. / IN. METERS On-Farm Holding Bin Roof Style Roof Peak Capacity Rating Standard Roof Style for Bin Diameters Optional Roof Style for Bin Diameters Feed Bin Roof 500 to 1,000 lbs (225-450 kg) 9 to 15 feet (2.7-4.6 m) 3-Panel Ribbed Roof 1,000 lbs (450 kg) 18 to 21 feet (5.5-6.4 m) 12 to 15 feet (3.7-4.6 m) 4-Panel Ribbed Roof 4,000 lbs (1,800 kg) 15 to 21 feet (4.6-6.4 m) Roof peak capacity ratings are based on ground snow loads of 40 pounds per square foot (195 kg per square meter). Bins are designed to meet code requirements for 90 mph (145 km/h) wind zones and seismic zone 1. In the pursuit of LEADERSHIP THROUGH INNOVATION®, we reserve the right to change specifications without prior notice. NOTE:Hopper-bottom bins and silos are designed for the storage of free-flowing materials only. Soybean meal, meat scraps, and many other materials are NOT considered free-flowing and must use approved unloading equipment. Call Brock Grain Systems for approved unloading equipment. Any questions regarding the flowability of different materials should be directed to the material manufacturer. Because you will customize your grain storage system to your unique needs, not all potentially dangerous or harmful situations can be identified by Brock Grain Systems at the time the bin components and accessories are manufactured. Therefore, it is essential that you think safety first and pay close attention to all possible hazards within your storage systems. Our new narrow-width “Big Boy” Feed Bodies are designed to ship in sea containers - drasti- cally reducing shipping costs, and giving you Sudenga quality Sudenga feed body rolled out the gate 55 years ago in 1957. Time Unloads 2000 lbs./min. Easy Assembly Competitive Price 8T12HOH 9T14HOH 10T16HOH 11T18HOH 12T20HOH 14T22HOH 15T24HOH 17T26HOH A - Body Length 12’ 14’ 16’ 18’ 20’ 22’ 24’ 26’ B - Overall Length 14’-5” 16’-5” 18’-5” 20’-8” 22’-8” 24’-8” 26’-8” 28’-8” Body Weight1 4678 5068 5518 5821 6324 6691 7137 7853 Cab-to-Axle 108” 138” 138” (120”)* 144”* 172”* 180”** 180”*** 198”*** No. of Compartments 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 Capacity - cu. ft. 358 451 515 580 644 708 773 850 Capacity - ton 6.8 8.5 9.8 11 12.2 13.4 14.7 16.1 Auger Length Discharge Height 14’ 19’ 16’ 20’-6” 18’ 22’ 20’ 23’-6” 22’ 25’ 24’ 26’-6” 26’ 28’ 28’ 29’-6” Body Features discharge auger. Options ¹Body weights are approximates and will vary with optional equipment. *Cab-to-center of tandem. **Cab-to-center of triple axles. ***Cab-to-center of quad axles. 1/12 101” A B 45°86” 87” 96” recommended for Bodies with 15 ton capacity or larger. Air ride suspension is recommended for all tandem, triple, and quad axle chassis. Bodies mounted on tractors Auger and Hydraulic System - trols located at driver’s door. Shipment the customer receives a complete feed transport. Labeling is also done in a way that visually assists assembly by indicating how components are installed on the body. Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Attachment C Preliminary Design SSSS S WWWWWW W W W WSWSWSAlaska Energy Engineering LLC25200 Amalga Harbor RoadJuneau, Alaska 99801Phone and Fax: (907) 789-1226E-mail: jim@alaskaenergy.us Alaska Energy Engineering LLC25200 Amalga Harbor RoadJuneau, Alaska 99801Phone and Fax: (907) 789-1226E-mail: jim@alaskaenergy.us Alaska Energy Engineering LLC25200 Amalga Harbor RoadJuneau, Alaska 99801Phone and Fax: (907) 789-1226E-mail: jim@alaskaenergy.us Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Attachment D Preliminary Cost Estimates Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Central Plant and Distribution System Costs Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 191,000 Btu/hr MES Pellet Boilers with vacuum kit, ash removal, trim, circulators, and controls, freight 2 ls 25,000$ 50,000$ Shipping containers modified to provide mechanical room openings, finishings, and stacks, freight 2 ls 8,500$ 17,000$ 250 gallon thermal storage tank with 4" insulation, freight 1 ls 4,500$ 4,500$ Weil Mclain 680 boiler, burner, trim, freight 1 ls 12,000$ 12,000$ Stainless double wall insulated stacks for the three boilers with connections 1 ls 6,375$ 6,375$ Expansion tank 1 ls 3,000$ 3,000$ District pumps and VFDs 2 ls 4,500$ 9,000$ Build out of containerized central plant by mechanical contractor offsite (electric service entrance, panels, wiring, piping, valves, etc.) 1 ls 20,000$ 20,000$ 50 ton pellet silo with 4" drop tube/vent/connections, ladder/cover, view ports, access, erection, freight 1 ls 28,000$ 28,000$ Monitoring package 1 ls 17,478$ 17,478$ Drop boot for silo with slide gate 1 ls 1,500$ 1,500$ New oil tanks and above ground piping 1 ls 4,500$ 4,500$ Sub Total 173,353$ Contractor Profit 10% 17,335$ Sub Total 190,688$ Contingency 10% 19,069$ Sub Total 209,757$ Professional Services 15% 31,464$ Total 241,221$ Central Plant, Fuel Storage, and Boiler Systems Conceptual Cost Estimate Central Plant, Site Work, and Distribution System Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Central Plant and Distribution System Costs Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost Unsuitable overburden removal 325 cy 25$ 8,125$ Shot rock or other suitable material for gravel pads, in place 590 cy 85$ 50,150$ Base course (gravel), in place 25 cy 115$ 2,875$ Electric, water, sewer connections 1 ls 15,000$ 15,000$ Concrete mat foundations, in place 24 cy 500$ 12,000$ Three foot high retaining walls (2 courses (25 each) 6'x2'x2' ECOblocks, suitable backfill, and drainage) 150 lf 200$ 30,000$ Sub Total 118,150$ Contractor Profit 10% 11,815$ Sub Total 129,965$ Contingency 15% 19,495$ Sub Total 149,460$ Professional Services 10% 14,946$ Total 164,406$ Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost Copper preinsulated piping material costs (1,100 lf trench) 1 ls 69,051$ 69,051$ Sand bedding material cost 200 cy 125$ 25,000$ Equipment and labor package with consumables (mob and demob time included)30 days 3,800$ 114,000$ Existing conditions repairs, equipment transport 1 ls 20,000$ 20,000$ Sub Total 159,000$ Contractor Profit 10% 15,900$ Sub Total 174,900$ Contingency 15% 26,235$ Sub Total 201,135$ Professional Services 10% 20,114$ Total 221,249$ Central Plant Site Work Piping Distribution System Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment DAngoon Biomass District Heating SystemBuilding Connection and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement CostsDistrict Side Costs(through HX)Building Side Demoand Heating SystemWorkTotal CostA 79 $4,035 $13,567 $17,602 $24,282B 79 $3,340 $13,567 $16,907 $24,282A 79 $3,340 $13,567 $16,907 $24,282B 79 $3,340 $13,567 $16,907 $24,282ABABABCDABCDABC8 121 $5,079 $16,559 $21,638 $29,361ABC1,749 $56,425 $187,296 $243,721 $372,644$26,995 $45,015Summary of District System Building Connection and Mechanical RoomDemo/Replacement Costs and Avoided Costs for Future Boiler/Mechanical RoomReplacement9 212 $6,192 $20,8037 212 $6,192 $20,803 $26,995 $45,015$45,0856 287 $6,888 $22,264 $29,152 $47,868$21,916 $31,5875 287 $7,305 $19,481 $26,786$21,916 $31,5874 157 $5,357 $16,55923 157 $5,357 $16,559Building UnitDesign Load,mmBtu/hrDistrict Heating System Mechanical Room CostsAvoided CostDirectReplacement ofExisting1TlingitHaida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Building Connection and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Costs Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 80,000 Btu/hr brazed plate HX 1 ls 300$ 300$ District side control valve three way 1 ls 600$ 600$ Remaining district side connection (circuit setter, shutoffs, bypass, piping, etc.) and install of district side equipment 1 ls 2,000$ 2,000$ Circulator pump 1 ls 750$ 750$ 70,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 1 ls 1,500$ 1,500$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 5,000$ 5,000$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 2,500$ 2,500$ Sub Total 12,650$ Contractor Profit 10% 1,265$ Sub Total 13,915$ Contingency 10% 1,392$ Sub Total 15,307$ Professional Services 15% 2,296$ Total 17,602$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Building 1a District System and Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Building Connection and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Costs Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 80,000 Btu/hr brazed plate HX 1 ls 300$ 300$ District side control valve two way 1 ls 400$ 400$ Remaining district side connection (circuit setter, shutoffs, piping, etc.) and install of district side equipment 1 ls 1,700$ 1,700$ Circulator pump 1 ls 750$ 750$ 70,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 1 ls 1,500$ 1,500$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 5,000$ 5,000$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 2,500$ 2,500$ Sub Total 12,150$ Contractor Profit 10% 1,215$ Sub Total 13,365$ Contingency 10% 1,337$ Sub Total 14,702$ Professional Services 15% 2,205$ Total 16,907$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Building 1b, 2a, 2b District System and Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Building Connection and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Costs Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 160,000 Btu/hr brazed plate HX 1 ls 1,500$ 1,500$ District side control valve two way 1 ls 450$ 450$ Remaining district side connection (circuit setter, shutoffs, piping, etc.) and install of district side equipment 1 ls 1,900$ 1,900$ Circulator pump 1 ls 900$ 900$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 1 ls 2,500$ 2,500$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 5,500$ 5,500$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 3,000$ 3,000$ Sub Total 15,750$ Contractor Profit 10% 1,575$ Sub Total 17,325$ Contingency 10% 1,733$ Sub Total 19,058$ Professional Services 15% 2,859$ Total 21,916$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Buildings 3&4 District System and Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Building Connection and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Costs Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 300,000 Btu/hr brazed plate HX 1 ls 2,250$ 2,250$ District side control valve three way 1 ls 750$ 750$ Remaining district side connection (circuit setter, by pass, shutoffs, piping, etc.) and install of district side equipment 1 ls 2,250$ 2,250$ Circulator pump 1 ls 1,000$ 1,000$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 2 ls 2,500$ 5,000$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 6,000$ 6,000$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 2,000$ 2,000$ Sub Total 19,250$ Contractor Profit 10% 1,925$ Sub Total 21,175$ Contingency 10% 2,118$ Sub Total 23,293$ Professional Services 15% 3,494$ Total 26,786$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Building 5 District System and Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Building Connection and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Costs Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 300,000 Btu/hr brazed plate HX 1 ls 2,250$ 2,250$ District side control valve two way 1 ls 600$ 600$ Remaining district side connection (circuit setter, shutoffs, piping, etc.) and install of district side equipment 1 ls 2,100$ 2,100$ Circulator pump 1 ls 1,000$ 1,000$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 2 ls 2,500$ 5,000$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 6,000$ 6,000$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 4,000$ 4,000$ Sub Total 20,950$ Contractor Profit 10% 2,095$ Sub Total 23,045$ Contingency 10% 2,305$ Sub Total 25,350$ Professional Services 15% 3,802$ Total 29,152$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Building 6 District System and Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Building Connection and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Costs Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 225,000 Btu/hr brazed plate HX 1 ls 1,800$ 1,800$ District side control valve three way 1 ls 550$ 550$ Remaining district side connection (circuit setter, by pass, shutoffs, piping, etc.) and install of district side equipment 1 ls 2,100$ 2,100$ Circulator pump 1 ls 950$ 950$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 2 ls 2,500$ 5,000$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 5,500$ 5,500$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 3,500$ 3,500$ Sub Total 19,400$ Contractor Profit 10% 1,940$ Sub Total 21,340$ Contingency 10% 2,134$ Sub Total 23,474$ Professional Services 15% 3,521$ Total 26,995$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Buildings 7&9 District System and Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Building Connection and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Costs Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 125,000 Btu/hr brazed plate HX 1 ls 1,250$ 1,250$ District side control valve two way 1 ls 500$ 500$ Remaining district side connection (circuit setter, shutoffs, piping, etc.) and install of district side equipment 1 ls 1,900$ 1,900$ Circulator pump 1 ls 900$ 900$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 1 ls 2,500$ 2,500$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 5,500$ 5,500$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 3,000$ 3,000$ Sub Total 15,550$ Contractor Profit 10% 1,555$ Sub Total 17,105$ Contingency 10% 1,711$ Sub Total 18,816$ Professional Services 15% 2,822$ Total 21,638$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Building 8 District System and Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Avoided Costs Fuel Oil Boiler and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 86,000 Btu/hr fuel oil boiler, burner, trim 1 ls 5,000$ 5,000$ Boiler stack and connections 12 ls 125$ 1,500$ 275 gallon oil tank and new connection 1 ls 1,200$ 1,200$ Circulator pump 1 ls 750$ 750$ 70,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 1 ls 1,500$ 1,500$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 5,000$ 5,000$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 2,500$ 2,500$ Sub Total 17,450$ Contractor Profit 10% 1,745$ Sub Total 19,195$ Contingency 10% 1,920$ Sub Total 21,115$ Professional Services 15% 3,167$ Total 24,282$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Buildings 1a b & 2a b Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement of Boilers In kind Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Avoided Costs Fuel Oil Boiler and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 175,000 Btu/hr fuel oil boiler, burner, trim 1 ls 7,500$ 7,500$ Boiler stack and connections 12 ls 125$ 1,500$ Two 275 gallon oil tanks and new connection 1 ls 1,800$ 1,800$ Circulator pump 1 ls 900$ 900$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 1 ls 2,500$ 2,500$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 5,500$ 5,500$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 3,000$ 3,000$ Sub Total 22,700$ Contractor Profit 10% 2,270$ Sub Total 24,970$ Contingency 10% 2,497$ Sub Total 27,467$ Professional Services 15% 4,120$ Total 31,587$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Buildings 3 & 4 Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement of Boilers In kind Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Avoided Costs Fuel Oil Boiler and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 125,000 Btu/hr fuel oil boiler, burner, trim 2 ls 6,500$ 13,000$ Boiler stack and connections 24 ls 125$ 3,000$ 275 gallon oil tank and new connection 2 ls 1,200$ 2,400$ Circulator pump 1 ls 1,000$ 1,000$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 2 ls 2,500$ 5,000$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 6,000$ 6,000$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 2,000$ 2,000$ Sub Total 32,400$ Contractor Profit 10% 3,240$ Sub Total 35,640$ Contingency 10% 3,564$ Sub Total 39,204$ Professional Services 15% 5,881$ Total 45,085$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Building 5 Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement of Boilers In kind Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Avoided Costs Fuel Oil Boiler and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 125,000 Btu/hr fuel oil boiler, burner, trim 2 ls 6,500$ 13,000$ Boiler stack and connections 24 ls 125$ 3,000$ 275 gallon oil tank and new connection 2 ls 1,200$ 2,400$ Circulator pump 1 ls 1,000$ 1,000$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 2 ls 2,500$ 5,000$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 6,000$ 6,000$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 4,000$ 4,000$ Sub Total 34,400$ Contractor Profit 10% 3,440$ Sub Total 37,840$ Contingency 10% 3,784$ Sub Total 41,624$ Professional Services 15% 6,244$ Total 47,868$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Building 6 Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement of Boilers In kind Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Avoided Costs Fuel Oil Boiler and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 105,000 Btu/hr fuel oil boiler, burner, trim 2 ls 6,000$ 12,000$ Boiler stack and connections 24 ls 125$ 3,000$ 275 gallon oil tank and new connection 2 ls 1,200$ 2,400$ Circulator pump 1 ls 950$ 950$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 2 ls 2,500$ 5,000$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 5,500$ 5,500$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 3,500$ 3,500$ Sub Total 32,350$ Contractor Profit 10% 3,235$ Sub Total 35,585$ Contingency 10% 3,559$ Sub Total 39,144$ Professional Services 15% 5,872$ Total 45,015$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Buildings 7&9 Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement of Boilers In kind Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Attachment D Angoon Biomass District Heating System Avoided Costs Fuel Oil Boiler and Mechanical Room Demo/Replacement Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost 125,000 Btu/hr fuel oil boiler, burner, trim 1 ls 6,500$ 6,500$ Boiler stack and connections 12 ls 125$ 1,500$ 275 gallon oil tank and new connection 1 ls 1,200$ 1,200$ Circulator pump 1 ls 900$ 900$ 120,000 Btu/hr indirect hot water heater 1 ls 2,500$ 2,500$ Piping, domestic water connection, expansion, valves, controls, installation of all building side equipment 1 ls 5,500$ 5,500$ Demolition, disposal, and weatherization 1 ls 3,000$ 3,000$ Sub Total 21,100$ Contractor Profit 10% 2,110$ Sub Total 23,210$ Contingency 10% 2,321$ Sub Total 25,531$ Professional Services 15% 3,830$ Total 29,361$ Notes: Conceptual Cost Estimate Building 8 District System and Mechanical Room Demolition and Replacement Professional services are meant to include design, project management, balancing, and commissioning. Work intended to be completed as a package bid together with modifications for all 9 buildings at once. Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Investigation Report Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Attachment E Life Cycle Cash Flow Analysis Attachment ELifeCycle Cost AnalysisCash FlowAngoon Biomass District Heating SystemInput Variables Value Units YearFossil FuelCost, CurrentSystemWood PelletCostFossil FuelCost, w/ WoodSystemIncreasedElectric CostO&M CostReductionCompared toDistributedBoilersNet OperatingSavings / CashFlowPresent Value ofAvoided Costs orDistrict SystemEquipmentReplacement*Present Valueof Cash FlowProject Cost 870,596 $0$ (630,004)Grants Received (240,592) $ 1 56,423$ (45,200)$ (5,642)$ (3,477)$ 4,013$ 6,117$ 5,939$Project Investment 630,004 $ 2 58,285$ (46,421)$ (5,829)$ (3,591)$ 4,121$ 6,566$ 6,189$Current #2 Fuel Oil Usage12,134 gal 3 60,208$ (47,674)$ (6,021)$ (3,710)$ 4,233$ 7,037$ 372,644$ 379,083$Year 1 #2 Fuel Oil Average Price $4.65 $/gal 4 62,195$ (48,961)$ (6,220)$ (3,832)$ 4,347$ 7,529$ 6,690$Wood Pellet Usage 97 tons/yr 5 64,248$ (50,283)$ (6,425)$ (3,959)$ 4,464$ 8,046$ 6,940$Year 1 Wood Chip Purchase Price $465 $/ton 6 66,368$ (51,641)$ (6,637)$ (4,089)$ 4,585$ 8,586$ 7,191$Annual #1 Fuel Oil Usage w/ Wood System 1,213 gal/yr 7 68,558$ (53,035)$ (6,856)$ (4,224)$ 4,709$ 9,152$ 7,441$Current Electric Usage for Boilers 2,497 kWh/yr 8 70,821$ (54,467)$ (7,082)$ (4,364)$ 4,836$ 9,744$ 7,692$Electric Unit Price (under 500 kWh/mo) $0.628 $/kWh 9 73,158$ (55,938)$ (7,316)$ (4,508)$ 4,966$ 10,363$ 7,942$Projected Electric Usage w/ District System 8,270 kWh/yr 10 75,572$ (57,448)$ (7,557)$ (4,656)$ 5,100$ 11,011$ (1,500)$ 6,693$Electric Unit Price (over 500 kWh/mo) $0.568 $/kWh 11 78,066$ (58,999)$ (7,807)$ (4,810)$ 5,238$ 11,688$ 8,444$Portion of Projected Electric over 1st 500 kWh/mo 30% Percent 12 80,642$ (60,592)$ (8,064)$ (4,969)$ 5,380$ 12,396$ 8,695$Fossil Fuel / Electric Inflation Rate (apr) 3.3% Percent 13 83,303$ (62,228)$ (8,330)$ (5,133)$ 5,525$ 13,137$ 8,946$Wood Pellet Inflation Rate (apr) 2.7% Percent 14 86,052$ (63,908)$ (8,605)$ (5,302)$ 5,674$ 13,911$ 9,197$General Inflation Rate (apr) 2.7% Percent 15 88,892$ (65,634)$ (8,889)$ (5,477)$ 5,827$ 14,719$ 9,448$Discount Rate 3.0% Percent 16 91,825$ (67,406)$ (9,183)$ (5,658)$ 5,984$ 15,564$ 9,699$O&M Cost Savings with Central Plant 4,013$ $/yr 17 94,855$ (69,226)$ (9,486)$ (5,845)$ 6,146$ 16,446$ 9,950$18 97,986$ (71,095)$ (9,799)$ (6,038)$ 6,312$ 17,367$ 10,201$19 101,219$ (73,014)$ (10,122)$ (6,237)$ 6,482$ 18,329$ 10,453$20 104,559$ (74,986)$ (10,456)$ (6,443)$ 6,657$ 19,333$ (69,575)$ (58,871)$21 108,010$ (77,010)$ (10,801)$ (6,655)$ 6,837$ 20,381$ 10,956$22 111,574$ (79,090)$ (11,157)$ (6,875)$ 7,022$ 21,474$ 11,207$23 115,256$ (81,225)$ (11,526)$ (7,102)$ 7,211$ 22,615$ 11,459$24 119,060$ (83,418)$ (11,906)$ (7,336)$ 7,406$ 23,806$ 11,711$25 122,989$ (85,670)$ (12,299)$ (7,578)$ 7,606$ 25,047$ 11,963$26 127,047$ (87,983)$ (12,705)$ (7,828)$ 7,811$ 26,342$ 12,215$27 131,240$ (90,359)$ (13,124)$ (8,087)$ 8,022$ 27,693$ 12,467$28 135,571$ (92,799)$ (13,557)$ (8,353)$ 8,239$ 29,101$ 12,719$29 140,044$ (95,304)$ (14,004)$ (8,629)$ 8,461$ 30,568$ 12,971$30 144,666$ (97,877)$ (14,467)$ (8,914)$ 8,690$ 32,098$ (1,500)$ 11,724$31 149,440$ (100,520)$ (14,944)$ (9,208)$ 8,924$ 33,692$ 13,477$32 154,371$ (103,234)$ (15,437)$ (9,512)$ 9,165$ 35,354$ 13,729$33 159,466$ (106,021)$ (15,947)$ (9,826)$ 9,413$ 37,085$ 13,982$34 164,728$ (108,884)$ (16,473)$ (10,150)$ 9,667$ 38,888$ 14,235$35 170,164$ (111,824)$ (17,016)$ (10,485)$ 9,928$ 40,767$ 14,488$Net Present Value 27,257$Year Replacement of...10 and 30* Description of Avoided Costs or District System Equipment Replacement5Boiler room equipment (boilers, circulation pumps, indirect DHW heaters, expansion tanks, piping,valves, fuel oil tanks, etc.) for each buildingAvoided cost due to installation of all new mechanicalroom equipment with district system installation.20 Wood pellet boilersassumed cost with district system for replacing pellet boilers after 20 yearsPellet handing equipment replacement.TlingitHaida Regional Housing Authority Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska ANGOON DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska ANGOON DISTRICT HEAT SYSTEM CONCEPT DRAWINGS SSSS S WWWWWW W W W WSWSWSAlaska Energy Engineering LLC25200 Amalga Harbor RoadJuneau, Alaska 99801Phone and Fax: (907) 789-1226E-mail: jim@alaskaenergy.us Alaska Energy Engineering LLC25200 Amalga Harbor RoadJuneau, Alaska 99801Phone and Fax: (907) 789-1226E-mail: jim@alaskaenergy.us Alaska Energy Engineering LLC25200 Amalga Harbor RoadJuneau, Alaska 99801Phone and Fax: (907) 789-1226E-mail: jim@alaskaenergy.us Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska ANGOON DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM CONCEPTUAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska ANGOON DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM MONITORING PLAN Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska ANGOON REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS: BIOMASS DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM PROJECT DRAFT XXXXXXXXX DATE REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS For a Design Build Contractor For the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority’s Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Notice to Bidders: Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA) seeks proposals from qualified entities to provide Design/Build services for a biomass district heating project serving 10 buildings in Angoon, AK. In this document the terms, “bidder” or “contractor” will refer to the design build contractor and the term, “Owner” will refer to THRHA. Project Description: The project scope includes complete design, permitting, construction, installation, commissioning, and warranty of a new central plant and hot water district heating system to serve 10 buildings in Angoon, AK. The central plant will include a biomass boiler system with fuel oil backup. See Attachment B Scope of Work for details of project. Instructions:Submit two (2) paper copies and one (1) electronic copy of the Proposal in a sealed envelope marked “Angoon Biomass District Heating” to Mr. Craig Moore (PO Box 32237, Juneau, AK 99803). Along with the proposal include Attachment A – Bid Form.Proposals should be received no later than 5:00 PM AKST,XXXXXXX date. Submissions that are incomplete or in any other form or received after the deadline may be rejected at the discretion of THRHA. Requests for Information (RFIs):All questions concerning bidding procedures, clarifications of information provided, or project scope and specifications should be submitted in writing and delivered by email to Mr. Craig Moore (cmoore@THRHA.org). RFIs and responses to RFIs will be placed on the THRHA website at the following location for all bidders to view:Include web address, or other method for delivering responses.Bidders are responsible for checking the website for any new information.Deadline for submitting RFI’s is 5:00 PM AKST,Date. All responses will be posted by 5:00 PM AKST,Date. Addenda:Any addenda issued concerning the project specifications or bidding procedures will be posted on the previously listed website. Mandatory Site Visit and Walk Through (do you want to require this?):A mandatory site visit will be held on Date. THRHA may choose to disqualify any bidder who does not attend. The meeting place for the site visit will be Address. The visit will include a project overview and then a follow on walk through of each of the mechanical rooms for buildings to be connected to the new district system.(discuss duration estimate and logistics) THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Design Build RFP THRHA Page 2 Proposal Content, Evaluation of Proposals, and Award:The exact format of the proposal is up to the bidder, and brevity and clarity are encouraged and appreciated. During evaluation of the proposals, weight will be placed on the bidder’s response regarding the following key items, which must be discussed in the proposal: Past experience with design and installation of biomass and hot water district heating systems Bidder’s approach to design of the hot water district heating distribution and interconnection system to balance initial costs with overall system efficiency and annual operating costs while meeting THRHA goals THRHA retains the right to reject any and all bids. THRHA will review the proposals to determine best overall value. In addition to overall project cost, THRHA places high value on relevant experience, a sound approach to system design, and demonstrated ability of the bidder’s team to work as a partner with the owner to ensure the job is completed in a timely and cost effective manner. THRHA requires that the resumes of the project manager and construction manager for the job be provided, and that the individuals presented will be the individuals working on the job on a day to day basis. THRHA reserves the right to request additional information from multiple firms as needed to ensure fair comparison and identify best value. THRHA will then negotiate with the vendor it deems to offer the best value. Should an acceptable contract agreement not be reached with this vendor, THRHA reserves the right to negotiate with another vendor of its choosing. Expected date of award is within 4 weeks after proposals are due. Time of Completion:Bidders shall begin the Work on receipt of the Notice to Proceed and shall complete the Work within 180 (this may be pushing what is achievable, but would probably need to meet this to be complete this summer)calendar days of Notice to Proceed.Mention any time of work restrictions (required connection during summer, others).Liquidated damages or other suitable measures for ensuring timely project completion will be negotiated with the contractor. Permits and Fees:The contractor shall secure and pay for building and other permits and governmental fees, licenses and inspections necessary for the proper execution and completion of the Work which are customarily secured after execution of the Design Build Contract, and which were legally required on the date THRHA accepted the contractor's proposal. Proposal Prices:Proposal prices are to remain firm and in effect for a period of sixty (60) days from the opening of the bids and may not be withdrawn after the submittal due date. All bids are to be submitted on Attachment A – Bid Form, with base price, breakdown of major components breakdown, and prices for all listed alternates. Performance Clause:If the bidder is awarded the project, a performance bond and payment of obligations bond for the full amount of the award must be secured within 10 days of notification of award and must be in effect before the contract is signed. Insurance:The Design Build Contractor and any subcontractor employed on the project must provide proof of the insurances listed below, that are to remain in effect at all times during the life of the contract. The insurance documents must name THRHA as co insured and proof of insurance must be provided prior to signing of contract.THRHA will maintain a Builder’s Risk policy for the duration of the project.The following insurances are required: THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Design Build RFP THRHA Page 3 (insert THRHA requirements) Workers Compensation Insurance:Contractor shall carry Worker’s Compensation Insurance as required by the State of Alaska. Commercial General Liability Insurance:Contractor shall maintain a broad form comprehensive insurance general liability insurance policy in an amount of not less than $1,000,000 combined single limit per occurrence, $2,000,000 aggregate. Motor Vehicle Insurance:The Contractor shall carry motor vehicle insurance to include bodily injury, property damage, uninsured motorist, and employer’s non ownership coverage in an amount of no less than $1,000,000 combined single limit per occurrence. Employer’s liability:$1,000,000 per accident, injury or disease. Professional liability:$1,000,000 per occurrence, $2,000,000 aggregate. Contract:The contractor will be expected to enter into a Design Build Contract. The contract is to be AIA Document A141 2004 or another document acceptable to both parties. Bidder Qualifications:Bidders must be properly licensed under the laws of Alaska governing their respective trades and be able to obtain insurance and bonds required for the Work. Warranties:Design Build Contractor is to provide a 1 year parts and labor warranty in the base bid for all equipment, material, workmanship, controls, and programming to begin upon project final completion and Owner acceptance. Any warranties provided by manufacturers over and above 1 year will transfer to the Owner upon Owner acceptance. Included with this RFP are the following Attachments: Attachment A – Bid Form Attachment B – Scope of Work Appendix 1: THRHA Angoon Housing District Heat System – Preliminary Drawings Appendix 2: THRHA Angoon District Heating System – Technical Requirements Appendix 3: Preliminary Sizing Calculations Appendix 4: Angoon Low Rent Housing Contract Drawing Set 1996 Appendix 5: Geotechnical Report DRAFT ATTACHMENT A BID FORM REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS For a Design Build Contractor For the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Date Design Build RFP Attachment A – Bid Form THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 1 1. BIDDER AND PROJECT INFORMATION Owner:Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Project:Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Location:Angoon, AK Bidder:____________________________________________________________________ 2. CERTIFICATIONS AND BASE BID(Assumes fixed price design build. Could also go with a Construction Management (cost plus) contract with a Guaranteed Maximum Price) Base Bid for Single Prime (All Trades) Contract: Having carefully examined the Request for Proposal documents, Scope of Work, and all Addenda, and being familiar with all conditions and requirements of the work, bidder hereby agrees to furnish all material, labor, equipment and services, including all scheduled allowances, necessary to complete the construction of the above named project, according to the requirements of the Request for Proposal documents, for the stipulated sum of: ___________________________________________________ Dollars ($__________________) Please provide a breakdown of the base bid pricing into the following categories: Central plant site work, utilities, structures, and fuel storage $__________________ Boiler systems and balance of plant $__________________ Distribution piping $__________________ Building interconnections $__________________ Building mechanical room demo and replacement $__________________ 3. ALTERNATES AND UNIT PRICING Having carefully examined the Request for Proposal documents, Scope of Work, and all Addenda, and being familiar with all conditions and requirements of the work, bidder hereby offers the following alternates and unit pricing: Alternate #1 – Gravel Pad ADD___ DEDUCT___ NO CHANGE___ NOT APPLICABLE___ ___________________________________________________ Dollars ($__________________) Design Build RFP Attachment A – Bid Form THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 2 Unit Pricing #1 – Piping & Trenching 3” pre insulated pipe __________________($/LF) Unit Pricing #2 – Piping & Trenching 1.25” pre insulated pipe __________________($/LF) Unit Pricing #3 – Trench Rock Removal __________________($/CY) 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ADDENDA The undersigned bidder acknowledges receipt of and use of the following Addenda in preparation of this Bid: Addendum #1, dated _________________________ Addendum #2, dated _________________________ Addendum #3, dated _________________________ 5. CONTRACTOR’S LICENSE The undersigned further states that it is a duly licensed contractor, for the type of work proposed, and that all fees, permits, etc. pursuant to submitting this proposal have been paid in full. Design Build RFP Attachment A – Bid Form THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 3 6. SUBMISSION OF BID Respectfully submitted this ______ day of ___________________, 2016 Submitted by: ___________________________________ (name of bidding firm or corporation) Authorized by: ___________________________________ (handwritten signature) Signed by: ___________________________________ (type or print name) Title: ___________________________________ Address: ___________________________________________________________ Phone: ___________________________________________________________ Email: ___________________________________________________________ DRAFT ATTACHMENT B SCOPE OF WORK REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS For a Design Build Contractor For the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Angoon Biomass District Heating System Project Date Design Build RFP Attachment B Scope of Work THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 1 1. PROJECT / SCOPE OF WORK OVERVIEW AND GOALS The intent of the project is to install a new hot water district heating system interconnecting 9 buildings in Angoon, AK. The new system will be fueled by a new central plant that includes a biomass system providing the vast majority of the heating with oil as the backup. In this document the terms, “bidder” or “contractor” will be synonymous with the design build contractor and the term “Owner” will be synonymous with THRHA. The scope of work for this project includes the following key items: Base Bid –Provide all materials, equipment, transportation, and labor to design and construct a District Heating System for the Angoon Low Rent Housing complex in Angoon, Alaska. The housing complex is owned by the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority and consists of 8 apartment buildings and a Senior Center. The work includes, but is not limited to: 1. Demolition of existing heating systems including: a. Heating systems consisting of fuel oil boilers, chimneys (to ceiling connector within mechanical room), combustion air openings, heating piping, pumps, controls, electrical circuits and appurtenances b. Fuel oil systems consisting of aboveground fuel oil tanks, buried fuel oil piping, and fuel appurtenances c. Plumbing systems consisting of heating and domestic hot water piping, domestic hot water tanks, and appurtenances. 2. Construction of a district heating plant consisting: a. Pellet boilers, pellet storage, and pellet conveying system b. Fuel oil boiler, fuel oil storage and fuel piping. c. Primary/secondary piping system consisting of i. Primary boiler pumps supplying heating water to a heating tank. ii. Distribution pumps supplying heating water to the buildings iii. Buried distribution piping connecting the plant to 8 apartment buildings and a Senior Center. d. Building heating and domestic hot water systems consisting of heat exchangers, pumps, zone valves, appurtenances and connection to the existing heating and domestic hot water piping system in each building. e. Automatic controls Alternates –The following lists alternates for which pricing is requested. These are described in the Alternates and Unit Pricing section of this document. 1. Gravel Pad 2. Unit Pricing a. Piping & Trenching 3” pre insulated pipe ($/LF) b. Piping & Trenching 1.25” pre insulated pipe ($/LF) c. Trench Rock Removal ($/cy) Design Build RFP Attachment B Scope of Work THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 2 2. CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITY AND REFERENCE MATERIALS The contractor is required to determine the required work and provide a complete and functional system. Bidders are encouraged to visit the site prior to issuing a bid. The RFP provides site visit details, and THRHA contact information. Preliminary layouts, piping schematics, and equipment sizes are provided for the contractor’s use in identifying the scope of the project. The contractor is responsible for the complete design and construction of the system. The Designer of Record shall determine the system loads, an operational heating system concept and layout, equipment selections and sizing, and installation details for a complete and operational system. The following documents are provided for the contractors use. Contractor shall verify the accuracy of any existing conditions prior to bidding: Appendix 1: THRHA Angoon Housing District Heat System – Preliminary Drawings Appendix 2: THRHA Angoon District Heating System – Technical Requirements Appendix 3: Preliminary Sizing Calculations Appendix 4: Angoon Low Rent Housing Contract Drawing Set 1996 Appendix 5: Geotechnical Report 2. PROJECT TIMELINE Time is of the essence, and the project is to be completed within 180 days from an executed contract. THRHA seeks to partner with the selected design build contractor in balancing the need to complete the project on time/budget (180 days from an executed contract), and the need to minimize disruptions to local residents. THRHA recognizes that there will be significant and invasive work that will occur as part of this project. The selected contractor, in turn, must recognize that the facilities are used year round by residents, and impact to their daily lives must be minimized. It is also important to note that all of the buildings will require domestic hot water continuously. Any potential interruption in service should be communicated in advance to determine if and what arrangements are necessary to cover any potential downtime. The contractor is responsible for any temporary heating or domestic hot water equipment and fuel that may be required. 3. COMMISSIONING, PROJECT CLOSEOUT, AND FINAL PAYMENT THRHA sees the commissioning phase of the project as critical to the overall success of the new system. THRHA will employ an Owner’s Commissioning Authority (CxA) to provide a commissioning plan and verify system performance against contract requirements. Final payment of retainage will not be made until satisfactory completion of all owner punch list items and signoff by the CxA that the system is functioning as contractually required. 4. BASE BID SCOPE OF WORK The responsibility of the design build contractor is to design, permit, construct, install, commission, and close out the project, which will provide a new central heating plant and hot water district system serving 9 buildings in Angoon. This section provides requirements for key portions of the project. Design Build RFP Attachment B Scope of Work THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 3 Preliminary layouts, piping schematics, and equipment sizes are provided in the Appendix to show THRHA’s concept for the central plant, site layout, and building connections. This information is provided for reference only, and it is the design build contractor’s responsibility to develop the project design. 3.1 CENTRAL PLANT The purpose of the central plant is to move the heating equipment for the buildings to one central location. The central plant design is to be centered around the installation of a wood pellet boiler system with thermal storage and fuel oil backup. Fuel Storage, Structures, Function, and Access –THRHA would like to ensure the central plant is cost efficient in design, and encourages the bidders to explore containerized systems. The following are requirements for the central plant. Structure housing biomass boiler equipment, oil boiler equipment, thermal storage, distribution pumps and controls, and balance of plant o A containerized system is acceptable. o The exact site layout and configuration will be designed in cooperation with THRHA, and must be approved by THRHA prior to the start of construction. o Doors are to be placed and sized as needed to allow ease of future servicing of biomass and oil boiler equipment. o Adequate space for system maintenance and ash removal must be provided. Wood pellet storage and fuel handling must designed in cooperation with the owner. A minimum of 40 tons of storage is to be provided. The owner’s preferred storage method is a hopper bin. The bin(s) must have the following features. o The top height of the storage hopper bin opening must be no taller than 20 ft from the grade where the delivery truck will sit to allow delivery by auger trucks with a max reach of 20 ft in height. o A 4” line with a 4” camlock male end and vent line must be included to allow pneumatic delivery. 4” camlock is to be within 5 ft of grade where delivery person will stand to allow ease of connection. o Minimum of 3 viewing ports to allow observation of the level of pellets in the storage bin. o Proper grounding of the bin and components. o Hopper access door & appropriate labeling for confined space. o Ladder with security door. o Spring lock lid type that allows lid to move out of way of delivery auger. o Lockable valve kit in a convenient location to allow removal of small amounts of pellets from bin. o Boot with slide gate to accommodate fuel handling method for wood pellet system, and allow for isolation of the boot from the pellet storage for servicing of handling equipment. o A minimum 45 o slope to the hopper bin bottom (steeper acceptable). Design Build RFP Attachment B Scope of Work THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 4 Fuel oil storage is to be a double walled above ground tank providing a minimum of 550 gallons of useful storage. Piping feeding the plant is to be above ground, fully supported, above the tank level between the tank and the central plant, and designed for local codes and conditions. Access to be designed to allow delivery to the wood pellet and fuel oil storage while not blocking the roadway. Central Plant Equipment –See the attached drawings and technical requirements. The contractor is also requited to provide 2” capped connections with shutoffs from the main distribution header to allow for future connection(s) from the central plant. Demolition and repair of openings for the existing boiler chimneys in each building is to stop at the ceiling connector within the mechanical space. These are to be temporarily capped, and THRHA will separately handle demolition and roof repair associated with these beyond the mechanical room. Controls and Metering –See the attached drawings and technical requirements. A monitoring plan will be implemented by THRHA using a third party contractor. The design builder will be required to cooperate with the third party contractor during system design and installation. Utilities for Central Plant –THRHA will work with the local utility to provide single phase 120/240v service to the pole adjacent to the central plant location. The contractor will be responsible for providing underground service to the central plant from the Utility’s transformer. THRHA will be responsible for all costs from the Utility for feeding this new service, and the contractor will be responsible for coordinating installation and connection with the Utility and all interconnection requirements. All water, sewer and electric services and interconnections are the responsibility of the Bidder. The existing site drawings show approximate locations for existing water and sewer infrastructure. 3.2 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND INTERCONNECTION The purpose of the project is to centralize the heat generating equipment and operation of heat distribution for the connected buildings. The contractor is responsible for ensuring that all operational capabilities provided by existing heating and domestic hot water equipment are maintained throughout the project. An acceptable plan for ensuring this, and allowable service outages are identified by building in the attached Technical Requirements. The following are key aspects of the distribution system and interconnection: Serve all of the heating and hot water demands in the buildings identified in this RFP. The contractor is responsible for developing an understanding of the interconnection requirements based on the information provided and onsite inspection of existing heating systems. Determining the exact method for interconnection for each building is the responsibility of the contractor. Example schematics developed by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC are provided for contractor reference, and to illustrate THRHA’s concept for the system. THRHA encourages the contractor to utilize approaches that will reliably deliver heat, maximize efficiency, minimize peak loads on the entire system, and provide the ability to optimize the temperature delta for Design Build RFP Attachment B Scope of Work THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 5 the district system. Interconnection shall ensure that heat does not migrate to the buildings when there is no call for heat. Curb stops outside each building, shutoffs and drains in the building prior to interconnection, and shutoffs allowing isolation of major sections of the district system are required. Preliminary district system piping layout options have been developed based on knowledge of the site and the loads to be served. This has been provided in the Appendix for contractor reference. The information provided is for reference only, and the contractor is responsible for determining the piping routes. THRHA makes no warranties as to the accuracy of the information provided in the RFP, and verifying the locations and elevations of any buildings, utilities, or other features on the drawings/reports is the responsibility of the contractor. THRHA recognizes the potential risks associated pipeline routing, and wishes to partner with the winning bidder to minimize impact in overall project cost. In an effort to help identify the potential risk, THRHA is requesting unit pricing as part of the bid. Final risk sharing will be negotiated as part of the contract with the winning bidder. 4. ADDITIONAL CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES: The Contractor is to provide a fully functioning biomass district heating system as described in the RFP documents and attachments. The Contractor’s responsibilities include the following items, as well as any other work items required to provide a fully functioning system. Preliminary project design for THRHA approval. The Design Build Contractor shall furnish the services of geotechnical engineers or other consultants for subsoil, air and water conditions when such services are deemed reasonably necessary by the contractor to properly carry out the design services provided by the contractor. Such services may include, but are not limited to, test borings, test pits, determinations of soil bearing values, percolation tests, evaluations of hazardous materials, ground corrosion and resistivity tests, and necessary operations for anticipating subsoil conditions. The services of geotechnical engineer(s) or other consultants shall include preparation and submission of all appropriate reports and professional recommendations. The Design Build Contractor shall be responsible to provide surveys of the actual building site describing physical characteristics, and utility locations for the actual building and interconnecting distribution lines. The surveys and legal information shall include, as applicable, grades and lines of access driveways, pavements, drainage, and necessary data pertaining to existing buildings. All the information on the survey shall be referenced to a Project benchmark. THRHA will provide available existing survey and site information. Final project design (Construction Documents) to comply with local, state, and federal laws, regulations, and codes. Contractor is required to coordinate THRHA review of final design to ensure project meets THRHA’s expectations prior to finalizing Construction Documents, and no construction is to occur prior to final approval of the Construction Documents by THRHA. Coordination of any required inspections with the appropriate Building Code Enforcement Officer. Acquiring all necessary permits and permissions including but not limited to: o Temporary Boiler Operating Permit o Boiler Operating Permit Design Build RFP Attachment B Scope of Work THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 6 o National Environmental Policy Act Compliance, including State Historical Preservation Office approval o Storm Water Management Plan o NPDES Determination E & S Control Plan o Building and Construction Permits o All necessary operating and occupancy permits o Road crossings and coordination with locality and appropriate agencies Construction of central plant and fuel storage, installation of equipment, piping and interconnection of the biomass system to the distribution system. o Notify THRHA of the timing of all Special Observations and Inspections as required, including but not limited to: Inspection of Fabricators Inspection of steel construction Inspection of concrete construction Inspection of soil conditions Inspection of cast in place concrete foundations Structural observations o So a THRHA representative may observe, the contractor will notify THRHA of the timing of and coordinate, facilitate and document the following additional critical tasks: Installation of all insulated buried district heating piping Flushing and cleaning of all piping Cleaning and flushing of the boilers and piping Pressure testing of all installed lines Covering and backfill of all buried piping Installation and cover and backfill of all water and sewer lines Installation and cover and backfill of all conduit for communication and electrical lines Pouring of foundations o Coordinate, facilitate, and document all required factory representative inspections to maintain warranties of all piping, mechanical, electrical and building systems. Proper disposal of all construction or demolition waste, final grading and seeding of central plant site and restoration of all disturbed grounds and pavement affected by the project to their original condition. A final set of as built plans and specifications and manuals for all components of the project. This is to include as built piping and instrumentation diagram(s) with corresponding sequence of operations. o To include a detailed map showing piping dimensions and locations, shutoff and curb stop locations, and reference points Commissioning, testing, and balancing of all installed equipment. Final commissioning addressing any performance issues identified by performance verification efforts by the owner. Training of THRHA personnel on the operation and maintenance of all installed equipment and systems. Weekly construction progress meetings to provide project updates to THRHA, and shall include, but not be limited to: o Meeting minutes documenting items discussed during progress meetings. o Updated project schedule showing completed and remaining work tasks. Design Build RFP Attachment B Scope of Work THRHA Angoon Biomass District Heating Project THRHA Page 7 The contractor shall secure and pay for building and other permits and governmental fees, licenses and inspections necessary for the proper execution and completion of the Work which are customarily secured after execution of the Design Build Contract and which were legally required on the date the Owner accepted the Design Builder Contractor's proposal. Design Build Contractor is to provide a 1 year parts and labor warranty in the base bid for all equipment, material, workmanship, controls, and programming to begin upon project final completion and Owner acceptance. Any warranties provided by manufacturers over and above 1 year will transfer to the Owner upon Owner acceptance. 5. ALTERNATES AND UNIT PRICING: The following describes the alternates listed on the Bid Form. Alternate 1: (Gravel Pad) –This alternate is to include the construction of an extension of the gravel drive and a 40 ft by 40 ft gravel pad to the west of the area required for the central plant. This is shown on the attached drawings, and is not part of the base bid. This pad would be used at a later date to support containers, upon which a roof structure would be erected to create a covered shop area. The pad would need to be cleared with unsuitable foundations removed and replaced with suitable fill (shot rock with a 10” final layer of D 1 gravel). Unit Pricing –The following pricing is being requested by THRHA to help assess risk associated with encountering rock and/or other obstacles in the field that have the potential to increase piping lengths or excavation costs. THRHA plans to partner with the winning bidder to ensure that the overall project cost is minimized by identifying and sharing risks. This will ultimately be accomplished through negotiation to develop the final contract. o Piping & Trenching 3” pre insulated pipe ($/LF) – to include all costs for procuring and installing supply and return piping of this diameter to include excavation and backfill o Piping & Trenching 1.25” pre insulated pipe ($/LF) – to include all costs for procuring and installing supply and return piping of this diameter to include excavation and backfill o Trench Rock Removal ($/cy) – to include removal and disposal costs for rock within the trench cross section SSSS S WWWWWW W W W WSWSWSAlaska Energy Engineering LLC25200 Amalga Harbor RoadJuneau, Alaska 99801Phone and Fax: (907) 789-1226E-mail: jim@alaskaenergy.us Alaska Energy Engineering LLC25200 Amalga Harbor RoadJuneau, Alaska 99801Phone and Fax: (907) 789-1226E-mail: jim@alaskaenergy.us Alaska Energy Engineering LLC25200 Amalga Harbor RoadJuneau, Alaska 99801Phone and Fax: (907) 789-1226E-mail: jim@alaskaenergy.us Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska HAINES – LOW RENT HOUSING HEATING CONVERSION ANALYSIS Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska HAINES – LOW RENT HOUSING MONITORING PLAN Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska HAINES – LOW RENT MULTIFAMILY DEEP ENERGY RETROFIT PROJECT Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (A Tribally Designated Housing Authority) December 15, 2015 Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Location: 52 Deishu Drive, Haines, AK 99827 Technical Contact: Business Contact: Craig Moore Irene Tupou VP Development & Construction Management Finance Manager PO Box 32237 PO Box 32237 Juneau, AK 99803 Juneau, AK 99803 Phone: 907 780 6868 Phone: 907 780 6868 Fax: 907 780 6895 Fax: 907 780 6895 Email: cmoore@thrha.org Email: itupou@thrha.org Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project TOC Table of Contents 1.0 EXUCTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................3 1.1 Project Overview...........................................................................................................................3 1.2 Applicant Description....................................................................................................................4 1.3 Project Goals.................................................................................................................................5 1.4 Project Benefits.............................................................................................................................5 1.5 Impact of Funding.........................................................................................................................6 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND OUTCOMES .........................................................................................6 2.1 Detailed Project Description.........................................................................................................6 2.2 Technical Viability .........................................................................................................................7 2.3 Economic Viability.......................................................................................................................12 2.4 Outcomes....................................................................................................................................17 3.0 ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, CAPABILITIES, AND COMMITMENT......................................................18 3.1 Business and Technical Contact..................................................................................................18 3.2 Project Management Approach..................................................................................................18 3.3 Level of Commitment to Project.................................................................................................20 4.0 ATTACHMENTS LIST ........................................................................................................................21 Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 3 1.0 EXUCTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Project Overview Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA) owns and manages the Haines Multifamily Low Rent Building in Haines, Alaska. The building is a ~7,000 ft 2 facility containing 12 apartments, a laundry room, storage room, day room, and mechanical room. Energy audits of this facility have generated a list of energy efficiency measures (EEM’s) to reduce long term energy costs. THRHA is seeking grant funding to allow a deep energy retrofit of the facility. The energy efficiency measures included in this deep energy retrofit would include: air sealing to 4 ACH, upgrading ceiling insulation, insulating the floor cavity, upgrading windows and outside doors, installing Energy Star refrigerators, a new heat recovery ventilation unit for planned makeup air for the corridor and common spaces, and installation of a low temperature hydronic heating system and an air source heat pump system (ASHP). These proposed steps would provide deep energy retrofit of the facility while improving indoor air quality and resident comfort. Much of the annual energy savings from this effort will come from the installation of the low temperature hydronic heating system and the air to water heat pump system. Currently, two fuel oil boilers provide space heating and hot water. The boilers are relatively new, but the hydronic system is in need of replacement. While replacing the existing high temperature system in kind is an option, THRHA is interested in replacing the system with an air source heat pump system to supply a new low temperature water distribution that feeds a central domestic hot water system and low temperature heat emitters. Converting to such a system would reduce long term energy costs, increase the use of local energy sources, and decrease the carbon footprint of the building. Conversion to an air source heat pump would allow the building to using a local, sustainable energy source, as Haines is a special hydro community in Alaska. Table 1.1 1 shows a summary of the energy usage projections for the building with both the current heating system and with the deep energy retrofit completed. Converting the heating system for the building from fuel oil to a hydroelectricity fed air to water heat pump along with the other EEM’s will reduce the energy used onsite by over 58% by using the heat available from the temperate climate of Southeast Alaska. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation has developed a Site Source factor for use in Southeast Alaska’s special hydro communities of 1.5. This is an appropriate factor for this community’s renewable source of electricity, and using this factor shows that the total source energy is reduced by approximately 46%. DOE has prescribed a national Site Source factor for electricity of 3.14. This factor is not appropriate for the Haines community, and results in showing that source energy use is only reduced by 18% with this deep energy retrofit. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 4 Table 1.1 1 – Annual Energy Use Reduction Onsite and Converted to Source Energy Heating System A Fuel Oil Usage, gallons B Electricity Usage (heating), kWh C Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh D Total Energy Use (Site), kBtu E Total Energy Use (1.5 Site Source), kBtu F Total Energy Use (3.14 Site Source), kBtu Projected Energy Usage, Fuel Oil Boiler 4,314 2,313 49,687 774,913 869,600 1,160,575 Projected Energy Usage, EEMs 140 39,028 48,134 316,776 465,670 953,405 Annual Savings 59% 46% 18% Note: Table presents the modeled annual heating demand after inclusion of the HRV unit to show the dramatic difference in the energy use onsite and when considering site to source factors. A site to source energy factor of 1.5 was used for electricity supplied by hydroelectric power. This factor is provided by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC). DOE conversion factors are used for all other energy sources, and the proposed DOE site source factor is used in Column F for reference purposes. This factor is not appropriate for use in the Haines community. 1.2 Applicant Description Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA) is a tribally designated housing authority aimed at providing affordable housing opportunities for Southeast Alaskans. Since 1973, the THRHA has been working to meet the affordable housing needs of native and non native individuals and families in Southeast Alaska. THRHA offers a variety of services, such as temporary emergency housing, senior independent living, down payment assistance, home repair, and project and home construction. The authority also provides home ownership and rent to own opportunities. In addition, THRHA owns and operates Fireweed Place, which is a 67 unit apartment building for senior citizens who can live independently. The authority administers the Rural Owner Occupied Loan Program, which provides financing to construct, purchase or renovate owner occupied single family residences and duplexes. It has several departments, including administration, fiscal, housing management, mortgage loans, tribal services, and development, construction and maintenance. The Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority is headquartered in Juneau, Alaska but services communities all over Southeast Alaska. THRHA’s Low Rent Program is a home and apartment rental program. Homes and apartments in this program consist of 1 to 4 bedroom units of various sizes and layouts. At a minimum, to be eligible for this program at least one household member must be able to provide proof that they belong to a federally recognized tribe. The Low Rent Program is currently offered in the following communities: Angoon, Craig, Haines, Hoonah, Juneau, Kasaan, Klukwan, Saxman, and Wrangell. To support its mission of providing affordable housing, the THRHA has implemented its Energy Cents Program. This program has completed 400 home energy assessments in order to gather household data and identify potential solutions to energy costs for residents. The THRHA is working to reduce its energy costs and carbon footprint through the use of clean renewable energy as well as improved home weatherization. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 5 1.3 Project Goals With the Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project, THRHA plans to drastically reduce the energy usage at the facility, and to convert the heating system from non renewable fuel oil to locally sourced renewable hydroelectricity. By implementing the deep energy retrofit, and extracting heat from the environment as opposed to burning fuel oil, this project will meet the following of THRHA’s energy goals: Increasing the overall energy efficiency of the facility Reducing long term operating costs Protecting the facility against the volatility of the fossil fuel market Increasing the use of local sustainable energy sources Decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the facility 1.4 Project Benefits THRHA’s Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project will provide the following economic benefits: Reduce annual operating costs by $6,273 (~21%) even when assuming today’s low fuel oil prices. Utilize local renewable energy source that has a history of stable pricing, which helps THRHA diversify away from volatile fuel oil. This provides annual heating budget certainty for THRHA. Switch from purchase of non renewable fuel oil to locally sourced hydroelectricity for heating needs, keeping ~$9,600 dollars spent annually on heating within the local economy. Along with the economic benefits of this project, replacing the fuel oil boilers would also provide the following environmental and social benefits: Reduce onsite emissions of greenhouse gases by 42 metric tonnes (GHGe) annually. Reduce onsite emissions of criteria pollutants including PM, NOx, and SOx by over 150 lbs annually. Eliminate the use of nearly 4,150 gallons of fuel oil annually,reducing the potential for spills in this fishing community. With electricity being supplied by local hydroelectric power generation in Haines, this facility would be heated by renewable, sustainable, and clean energy. Provide an example for future THRHA buildings, and other building owners within the SE Alaska region. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 6 1.5 Impact of Funding This $697,040 deep energy retrofit would provide THRHA with a simple payback of approximately 83 years without any grant assistance given the fuel oil pricing used in the analysis. This is beyond the investment horizon of what THRHA would be willing to accept. However, with a 50% grant the cash flow for the project looks promising for THRHA. Attachment G includes a 25 year cash flow analysis showing the impact a 50% grant for the total Deep Energy Retrofit. Table 1.5 1 provides a summary of the cash flow analysis. Table 1.5 1 – Summary of Project Cash Flow Assuming 50% Grant Award Project Cost with All EEMs 50% Grant Amount 25 year Net Present Value (4.5% Discount Rate) $697,040 $348,520 $37,406 Notes: See Attachment G for detailed cash flow analysis. 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND OUTCOMES 2.1 Detailed Project Description THRHA plans to renovate and modernize the Haines Multifamily Low Rent Building on 52 Deishu Drive in Haines, Alaska. THRHA’s mission is to provide affordable housing to Southeast Alaskans. In keeping with this mission, THRHA is actively seeking to reduce the high energy costs experienced in many of its Southeast communities through implementation of deep energy retrofits and renewable energy projects. In the special hydro communities like Haines, this effort includes converting heating systems from expensive fuel oil to affordable, locally sourced, renewable hydroelectricity. The Multifamily Building in Haines is a ~7,000 ft 2 facility containing 12 one bedroom, one bathroom apartments, a laundry room, a common room, a storage room, and a mechanical room. This building was built in 1982. THRHA owns the property, and the building. Table 2.1 1 lists the current insulation levels and areas for the building. Table 2.1 1: Haines Building Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Living Area Floors Walls Door 1 Door 2 Door 3 South Windows Remaining Windows Ceiling 52 Deishu Dr. R Value 24.1 16.2 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.1 29.3 Area, ft 2 6,930 3,188 22 22 22 305 343 6,930 The building is currently heated by two Weil McLain WGO 6 boilers firing #2 fuel oil. The boilers are each rated at 212,000 Btu/hr. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating and to an indirectly heated Amtrol domestic hot water tank. Baseboard heaters are located in each unit and common areas. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 7 THRHA has had blower door tests and walkthrough assessments conducted for this facility by professional energy auditing companies. Based on the energy efficiency recommendations from these energy audits, THRHA would like to complete a deep energy retrofit for the building. The deep energy retrofit would capture the following opportunities for improved energy efficiency and resident comfort: Windows have double glazing, but many have broken seals or no longer close completely. They all need replacing with energy efficient windows with a minimum U value of .28. The outside doors need to be replaced with doors that have better insulation. The building has a lot of air leakage. THRHA would like to tighten the building to no more than 4 ACH50. Thermal values of the building shell are low.THRHA would like to increase the R values of the ceiling to R 60, the floor to R 38, and the walls to R 30. Outside insulation and new siding would be required to achieve R 30 walls. Refrigerators need to be replaced for aesthetic and efficiency reasons. THRHA would like to install energy star rated appliances during scheduled replacements. Conversion of heating for space heating and DHW to air water heat pump using locally source, renewable hydroelectricity The following previous efforts have been conducted to evaluate the potential of this deep energy retrofit project, and these are provided in Attachment E. DE 0005179 – Energy Efficiency Audit, Assessment, and Alternative Energy Study o Energy audit and assessment using AKWarm by Marquam George, LLC o Heating Conversion Analysis for Haines Low Rent Housing by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC o Monitoring Plan for Haines Low Rent Housing by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC 2.2 Technical Viability The energy audit and subsequent system evaluations were funded by DOE under the DE 0005179 funding opportunity. These efforts identified the opportunity for the proposed project, and the report sections summarizing these efforts are provided in Attachment E. Table 2.2 1 provides a summary of the energy efficiency measures evaluated as part of this effort, and savings were updated from the report using the latest fuel oil and electric pricing. This table does not include the conversion of the heating system to low temperature hydronics and an air source heat pump. Each of the options listed in Table 2.2 1 are routine energy retrofit EEMs that are technically viable, and there are local contractors capable of completing this work. The materials and equipment for the EEMs are insulation as identified, weatherizing materials for air sealing, and energy efficient appliances. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 8 Table 2.2 1 Energy Efficiency Measures Energy Efficiency Measure Estimate d Total Savings Onsite Energy Use Offset, mmBtu Estimate d Total Cost Simple Payback , Years SIR 1 Replace 3 outside doors with U 0.16 insulation $179 6.2 $1,467 8.2 2.9 2 Air sealing to 4 ACH $1,207 42.1 $5,000 4.1 2.8 3 Insulate floors with R 30 dense pack insulation $627 21.9 $10,380 16.6 1.4 4 Replace windows with U 0.26 $2,185 76.2 $34,650 15.9 1.1 5 Increase ceiling insulation to R 60 $572 20.0 $16,945 29.6 0.8 6 Energy Star refrigerators 2 $382 5.3 $12,000 31.4 0.5 7 Outside wall insulation technique, rain screen, and concrete fiberboard siding $345 12.0 $20,888 60.5 0.1 Totals $5,497 184 $101,330 18.4 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. The savings have been updated to match the current energy costs for the facility, using $3.97/gallon and $0.246/kWh. 2 Energy Star rated refrigerator savings generated from www.energystar.com savings calculator. The full conversion of the heating system to a low temperature hydronic system served by an air to water heat pump was identified as an opportunity and further analyzed through the DE 0005179 program. The attached Heating Conversion Analysis (in Attachment E) evaluates this option in detail. This option would allow for the provision the majority of space heating and DHW needs, by the air water heat pump with backup by one of the existing fuel oil boilers. As shown in the Heating Conversion Analysis, the facility is modeled to have a current annual heating fuel demand of approximately 4,314 gallons of fuel oil, or 597 mmBtu of input energy. EEMs 1 7 will reduce this annual heating energy demand by 178 mmBtu. An efficiency of 68% is estimated for the current fuel oil boilers, and thus the annual energy demand after EEMs 1 7 are implemented is 285 mmBtu. The Table 2.2 2 summarizes the estimated monthly average heating demands for the building after EEMs 1 7 are implemented, and Figure 2.2 1 shows the modeled daily average heating demand following EEM 1 7 implementation. Figure 2.2 2 shows the modeled annual coverage by the air source heat pump. Table 2.3 1 in the next section summarizes the annual energy use reduction, both onsite and at the source associated with EEMs 1 7 and the air to water heat pump and low temperature hydronic system. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 9 Table 2.2 2 – Monthly Heating Demand for Facility after EEMs 1 7 Implemented Month Monthly Heating Demand, mmBtu Average Heating Demand, Btu/hr January 42.5 57,072 February 37.9 56,335 March 32.7 44,007 April 23.5 32,685 May 15.3 20,628 June 9.2 12,790 July 6.1 8,251 August 8.2 11,002 September 14.3 19,895 October 22.5 30,255 November 34.8 48,316 December 37.9 50,883 Air source heat pump technology has improved in the last five years to the point that they are an excellent match for the relatively temperate climate of Southeast Alaska where renewable hydroelectricity is available. Table 2.2 3 shows the coefficient of performance (COP) range for air source heat pumps at the monthly average temperatures for Haines, AK. The air source heat pump for this project will work in conjunction with water kit that includes two indoor heat exchangers. For the purpose of this effort, the Multi V IV Heat Pump, model no. ARUN072BTE4, and the Multi V Hydro Kit, model no. ARNH963K2A2, manufactured by LG have been selected. Attachment F includes the manuals for this equipment. Standard parts warranties for these products are 1 year from the installation or 24 months from the date of manufacture. An additional 5 year warranty applies to the compressor. The design contractor may choose a different manufacturer for the air source heat pump system. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 10 Table 2.2 3: COP Range at Average Monthly Temperatures Month Average Temperature, °F Air Source Heat Pump COP Jan 24 1.7 Feb 28 1.7 Mar 33 1.9 Apr 42 2.4 May 50 3.0 Jun 56 3.4 Jul 59 3.5 Aug 57 3.4 Sep 51 3.1 Oct 43 2.4 Nov 31 1.8 Dec 28 1.7 Note: Average monthly temperatures and Air to Water Heat Pump performance data summarized from the attached Heating Conversion Analysis (Attachment E). This low temperature hydronic system and air to water heat pump system is a very technically viable option, and local designers and installers are available to complete the work. THRHA has installed a similar system for DHW heating for the Saxman Senior Center. The difference between these two systems is that this one would be coupled with a low temperature hydronic system to capture the building’s space heating demand as well. The design demand for peak loads is modeled at 134,000 Btu per hour for space heating and 60,000 Btu per hour for domestic hot water. The air source heat pump is sized at 65% of the design demand and is expected to supply 92% of the total annual heating demand. One fuel oil boiler will be kept as backup, to boost DHW temperatures, and to meet the total peak demand of 194,000 Btu per hour, however, it should be noted that these peak loads rarely occur simultaneously. The project would be procured as a design bid build project, and this process would be managed and overseen by THRHA staff. There are several barriers/challenges to this deep energy retrofit that surround the largest energy savings option, which is the low temperature hydronic system and the air to water heat pump. The following lists each, and how THRHA is addressing these. The heat pump needs access to three phase power. THRHA has addressed this by obtaining a cost estimate from the local utility for bringing this into the site, and including planning for this utility change. There are few, local low temperature hydronic systems installed by designers and mechanical contractors. These are not particularly difficult to design or install compared to conventional systems, but take a shift in focus from the routine practices in the industry. THRHA will ensure the designer is familiar with low temperature hydronic systems, that heat emitters are properly Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 11 sized, and that the operating temperatures allow for the system match the outputs of the heat pump. There are several locally installed air to water heat pumps for providing DHW needs, but no known local systems using air to water heat pumps for building heating. This is not particularly challenging, but THRHA will need to ensure the designer and installer have the experience needed to properly design and install the system. THRHA onsite staff will maintain the equipment. THRHA onsite staff have experience with operating and maintaining the EEM’s identified, including an air to water heat pump. The staff are also familiar with operating and maintaining hydronic heating systems. THRHA does not envision an outside service contract other than occasional servicing of the outdoor heat pump unit. Figure2.2 1: Daily Average Heating Demand after EEMs 1 7 Implemented Note: Values shown are daily average demand. During the course of 24 hours, actual demand will fluctuate above and below values shown in this figure. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 12 Figure 2.2 2: Daily Average Load Demand Curve (after Implementation of EEMs 1 7) and Potential for Coverage by ASHP Note: Values shown are daily average demand. During the course of 24 hours, actual demand will fluctuate above and below values shown in this figure. 2.3 Economic Viability 2.3.1 Current Energy Costs Table 2.3 1 provides a summary of the annual heating fuel and electric demands for 2014 (November 2013 October 2014). The full year of bills for oil and electricity for the facility are provided in Attachment D. The modeled annual average demand for oil is 4,314 gallons prior to implementation of any EEMs, and this is from the Heating Conversion Analysis (Attachment E). This is the annual heating demand for the existing building that is used a basis for energy use before the EEM’s are implemented, and the 2014 (November 2013 October 2014) electric usage value of 52,000 kWh is assumed to be the baseline annual electric use. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 13 Table 2.3 1 – Existing Building Energy Usage and Cost for 2014 (November 2013 October 2014) Source Consumption Unit Unit Cost Annual Cost Energy Use Onsite, mmBtu Electricity 52,000 kWh $0.214 $11,107 177 Fuel Oil 4,066 Gallons $4.06 $16,506 563 Total $27,613 723 Note: These usage and cost values are taken from THRHA records from a period of Nov 2013 to Oct 2014. Energy use values for onsite usage calculated using 0.003412 mmBtu/kWh and 0.1385 mmBtu/gallon. Table 2.3 2 shows the modeled energy demand of the building with the current heating system versus the air source heat pump system and EEM’s. The current fuel oil boilers are oversized and have an estimated seasonal efficiency of 68%. The current fuel oil and electric unit prices are used since they have changed significantly from 2014. These values are $3.97/gallon for fuel oil and $0.246/kWh for electricity. Table 2.3 2 – Building Energy and Cost Savings with and without the ASHP & EEM’s Heating System Fuel Oil Usage, gallons Electricity Usage (heating), kWh Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh Annual Cost Annual Energy Use, mmBtu Projected Energy Usage, Fuel Oil Boiler 4,314 2,313 49,687 $29,919 775 Projected Energy Usage, EEMs 140 39,028 48,134 $21,997 317 Annual Savings $7,921 458 Note: The fuel oil and electric costs are based on the latest values as presented in Attachment E (Heating Conversion Analysis), and are $3.97/gallon fuel oil and $0.264/kWh. Energy use values for onsite usage calculated using 0.003412 mmBtu/kWh and 0.1385 mmBtu/gallon. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 14 2.3.2 Total Installed Cost The total installed cost of the EEM’s is provided in Table 2.3 3. Table 2.3 3 – Estimate Cost of Energy Efficiency Measures and ASHP # Item Cost Source 1 Replace 3 outside doors with U 0.16 insulation $1,467 DE 0005179 report 2 Air sealing to 4 ACH $5,000 DE 0005179 report 3 Insulate floors with R 30 dense pack insulation $10,380 DE 0005179 report 4 Replace windows with U 0.26 $34,650 DE 0005179 report 5 Increase ceiling insulation to R 60 $16,945 DE 0005179 report 6 Energy Star refrigerators $12,000 DE 0005179 report 7 Outside wall insulation technique, rain screen, and concrete fiberboard siding $20,888 DE 0005179 report 8 Low temp hydronic system and ASHP $515,000 AEE Haines Low Rent Housing memo 9 Heating System Monitoring $30,710 AEE Haines Monitoring Plan memo 10 Ventilation System $50,000 DE 0005179 report Total $697,040 2.3.3 Installed Cost Per Unit Energy Saved Table 2.3 4 shows the energy savings using the DOE provided conversion factors with one exception. A value of 1.5 is used for electricity instead of the 3.14 value provided by DOE. The reason for this is that Haines is a special hydro community in Alaska. Thus, the energy is from renewable and local hydroelectricity, and the 3.14 factor does not make sense for this project. Using the Total Energy Use savings from Column E, the Installed Cost per kBtu saved is $1.73. For comparison purposes, the total source energy use change is identified in Column F when the DOE national site source value of 3.14 is used for electricity for this project. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 15 Table 2.3 4 – Annual Energy Savings Converted to Source Energy Savings Heating System A Fuel Oil Usage, gallons B Electricity Usage (heating), kWh C Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh D Total Energy Use (Site), kBtu E Total Energy Use (1.5 Site Source), kBtu F Total Energy Use (3.14 Site Source), kBtu Projected Energy Usage, Fuel Oil Boiler 4,314 2,313 49,687 774,913 869,600 1,160,575 Projected Energy Usage, EEMs 140 39,028 48,134 316,776 465,670 953,405 Annual Savings 59% 46% 18% Notes: Energy use values in this table are calculated using the DOE default energy values and site to source conversion factors with one exception. Column E uses a site to source conversion factor of 1.5, which is a value developed by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation for the Special Hydro Communities in Alaska. This is an appropriate value for this project. The impact of using the DOE site to source conversion factor of 3.14 is shown in Column F. 2.3.4 Life of EEMs The life of the EEM’s identified in this report is 25 years with the exception of the air source heat pump which is expected to be replaced by year 15 of operation or once within the first 25 years. 2.3.5 Payback Period and Cash Flow Analysis The payback of the system is calculated using energy savings and avoided costs associated with the investments, and is presented in Table 2.3 5. With no grant funding, the total payback on the EEM’s is approximately 83 years with the fuel oil pricing used for the analysis. This is beyond the investment horizon of what THRHA would be willing to accept. However, with a 50% grant the cash flow for the project looks promising for THRHA. Attachment G includes a 25 year cash flow analysis showing the impact a 50% grant for the total Deep Energy Retrofit Table 2.3 6 provides a summary of the cash flow analysis. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 16 Table 2.3 5 – Simple Payback of project with NO GRANT ASSISTANCE # Item Cost Present Value of Avoided Cost Avoided Cost Year Annual Energy Savings Increased O&M Simple Payback 1 Replace 3 outside doors with U 0.16 insulation $1,467 $0 $179 $0 8 2 Air sealing to 4 ACH $5,000 $0 $1,207 $0 4 3 Insulate floors with R 30 dense pack insulation $10,380 $0 $627 $0 17 4 Replace windows with U 0.26 $34,650 $0 $2,185 $0 16 5 Increase ceiling insulation to R 60 $16,945 $0 $572 $0 30 6 Energy Star refrigerators $12,000 $0 $382 $0 31 7 Outside wall insulation technique, rain screen, and concrete fiberboard siding $20,888 $0 $345 $0 60 8 Low temp hydronic system and ASHP $515,000 $131,000 2 $2,424 $1,648 495 9 Heating System Monitoring $30,710 $0 $0 $0 10 Ventilation System $50,000 $45,000 2 $0 $0 Total $697,040 $176,000 $7,921 $1,648 83 Notes: Simple payback assuming no grant funding is calculated by taking the total estimated project costs, subtracting out the present value of the avoided costs, and dividing this by the annual energy savings with increased annual O&M subtracted. Table 2.3 6 – Summary of Project Cash Flow Assuming 50% Grant Award Project Cost with All EEMs 50% Grant Amount 25 year Net Present Value (4.5% Discount Rate) $697,040 $348,520 $37,406 With a 50% grant, the project has a net present value for THRHA of $37,406 using the assumptions as identified in the attached cash flow sheet (see Attachment G). This project would allow THRHA to reduce annual operating costs for the Multifamily Low Rent building at Haines, which helps secure THRHA’s ability to provide continued services to Southeast Alaska’s low income residents. This also helps diversify THRHA away from the volatile fuel oil market. The fuel oil price used for this analysis is $3.97/gallon. THRHA is dependent on fuel oil heating in many of its facilities, and swings in its annual budget from the volatility of fuel oil prices are difficult to absorb from year to year. Locally sourced hydroelectricity has much more stable annual pricing than the fuel oil market. Further, diversifying the heating energy sources across THRHA’s building fleet helps to ensure a more stable overall annual budget for heating. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 17 2.3.6 Sources of Financing The majority of THRHA’s matching funds for this project would come from THRHA’s IHBG NAHASDA funding allocation, and the remaining amount will come from THRHA’s capital budget. THRHA has adequate funding available to complete this project with a grant award of 50% of the total project costs. 2.4 Outcomes 2.4.1 Amount of energy saved as a result of the proposed project The direct onsite energy reduction would be approximately 59%, and the Total Source Energy Savings would be approximately 46% or 403,930 kBtu. Note that this value is calculated using the Site to Source factor of 1.5 as discussed in this section and in the notes for Table 2.4.1. Table 2.4 1 shows the energy savings using the DOE provided conversion factors with one exception. A value of 1.5 is used for electricity instead of the 3.14 value provided by DOE. The reason for this is that Haines is a special hydro community in Alaska. Thus, the energy is from renewable and local hydroelectricity, and the 3.14 factor does not make sense for this project. Table 2.4 1 – Annual Energy Savings Converted to Source Energy Savings Heating System A Fuel Oil Usage, gallons B Electricity Usage (heating), kWh C Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh D Total Energy Use (Site), kBtu E Total Energy Use (1.5 Site Source), kBtu F Total Energy Use (3.14 Site Source), kBtu Projected Energy Usage, Fuel Oil Boiler 4,314 2,313 49,687 774,913 869,600 1,160,575 Projected Energy Usage, EEMs 140 39,028 48,134 316,776 465,670 953,405 Annual Savings 59% 46% 18% Notes: Energy use values in this table are calculated using the DOE default energy values and site to source conversion factors with one exception. Column E uses a site to source conversion factor of 1.5, which is a value developed by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation for the Special Hydro Communities in Alaska. This is an appropriate value for this project. The impact of using the DOE site to source conversion factor of 3.14 is shown in Column F. 2.4.2 Economic Benefits Implementation of the EEM’s at the Haines Low Rent Multifamily facility would provide first year operational savings of $6,273. Factoring in a 50% grant for upfront costs and avoided costs, the project will provide a projected 25 yr Net Present Value of $37,406. These values are calculated based on a current price of $3.97/gallon for fuel oil. The annual savings would allow THRHA to reduce annual operating costs for the Multifamily Low Rent building at Haines, which helps secure THRHA’s ability to provide continued services to Southeast Alaska’s low income residents. The project would also provide the following additional economic benefits: Decrease THRHA’s building fleet’s dependence on the volatile fuel oil market by nearly 4,150 gallons per year, providing diversity of heating energy sources and reducing budget fluctuations Provide temporary creation of ~7.6 FTEs during project construction ($92,000/FTE assumed) Support of the local economy and local jobs through the purchase of over $9,600 in locally produced hydroelectric power. 2.4.3 Environmental Benefits Along with the economic benefits of this project, replacing the fuel oil boilers would also provide the following environmental benefits: Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 18 Reduce onsite emissions of greenhouse gases by 42 metric tons (GHGe) annually. Reduce onsite emissions of criteria pollutants including PM, NOx, and SOx by over 150 lbs annually. Eliminate the use of nearly 4,150 gallons of fuel oil annually, reducing the potential for spills in this fishing community. With electricity being supplied by local hydroelectric power generation in Haines, this facility would be heated by renewable, sustainable, and clean energy. 2.4.4 Other Outcomes The project could serve as a model for future THRHA building projects, as well as other building owners in Southeast Alaska. The project furthers THRHA’s goal of investing in energy efficiency and renewable and sustainable energy technologies that will also reduce annual operating costs. This allows THRHA to be a good environmental steward while focusing annual budget dollars on its mission of providing affordable housing for Southeast Alaska residents. The largest savings from this project come from use of an air to water heat pump and low temperature hydronic heating system. The climate of coastal Alaska is very favorable to the use of air source heat pumps, and a successful installation and operation of an air to water heat pump at this facility would help promote this use of air source heat pump technology as a clean alternative to expensive fossil fuels in the region for building retrofits and new construction. 3.0 ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, CAPABILITIES, AND COMMITMENT 3.1 Business and Technical Contact The Haines Low Rent Multifamily Project will have a business contact and a technical contact. The business contact will be Joanne Wiita, Planning and Grants Administration. The technical contact will be Craig Moore, VP of Development and Construction Management. Technical Contact: Business Contact: Craig Moore Irene Tupou VP Development & Construction Management Finance Manager PO Box 32237 PO Box 32237 Juneau, AK 99803 Juneau, AK 99803 Phone: 907 780 6868 Phone: 907 780 6868 Fax: 907 780 6895 Fax: 907 780 6895 Email: cmoore@thrha.org Email: itupou@thrha.org 3.2 Project Management Approach THRHA staff would be in charge of completing the project, and Craig Moore, VP of THRHA would be the manager of the project. Mr. Moore and his team have extensive experience in selecting and managing engineering and construction contractors for weatherization, energy efficiency, and energy system design and installation at a wide variety of housing facilities. This experience includes the similar Kake Low Rent building, which recently underwent a similar renovation and deep energy retrofit while using a biomass renewable energy system to provide heating needs. THRHA also has experience managing the design, installation, and operation of air source heat pumps, including an installation at the Saxman Senior Center where an air to water heat pump is used for providing domestic hot water. This project would be procured as a design bid build project. Mr. Moore’s team has extensive experience in managing building system and energy projects in this manner. Mr. Moore’s team would Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 19 scope out the project, and procure the design and construction team using THRHA’s well established procurement procedures. Mr. Moore’s team has the hands on experience to provide their own oversight/review of the design and construction oversight. Mr. Moore and his team are also proficient in project communications, community outreach, and recording of project activities and progress. During the course of the project, regular update meetings or teleconferences will be held with contractors. Meeting notes will be recorded for the project file. THRHA will track and monitor the established budget versus actual expenditures by line item. The Team has a wealth of experience in working with contractors and the community. Before work begins Mr. Moore will conduct a coordination meeting to include all key partners and community. Forecasted meetings and reports will include; project coordination meeting, design review, notice of Intent to construct, teleconferences and reporting by the contractor, project commissioning and close out. Mr. Moore has demonstrated experience in meeting the reporting and communications requirements for a wide variety of grant funding agencies, including DOE. The project roles, background, and expertise of the individuals who would be involved in managing and then operating and maintaining the project are discussed in the following paragraphs. Mr. Moore is responsible for THRHA Development and Construction Management (resume attached), and will be the Project Manager for the design and construction. He works closely with Robert Reimer, THRHA’s Maintenance Manager. Robert is responsible for operations and maintenance of 600 THRHA housing units including multi family buildings throughout the southeast region of Alaska. Robert has been with THRHA for five years and prior he was with the Days Inn for six years as property manager where he was responsible for $24M of property assets. Robert manages THRHA’s 20 onsite field representatives. THRHA field representatives are responsible for repairing and maintaining all THRHA properties which include: inspections, reports, estimating, purchasing, record keeping, scheduling, computer data entry and all aspects of maintenance including plumbing, heating/ventilation, electrical, and carpentry. Field reps have received formal HVAC training and have advanced certifications. THRHA manages an annual budget of $12 million and employs over 40 technical and administrative personnel. The VP of Administration, Joyce Niven, will lead fiscal management on this project. (resume attached) Ms. Niven has worked in the accounting field for over 20 years and for the past 12 years, she has been employed by THRHA. She has a Bachelor’s of Science degree in business and finance from Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington. Under the leadership of Ms. Niven, THRHA has successfully closed over five new construction project accounts and during the past three years. Two of these projects were closed with multiple funding sources. Ms. Niven, will provide oversight to the project and grant accounting. She will supervise Finance Manager Irene Tupou who is responsible for all accounting functions including grant accounting that is performed by her staff. Ms. Tupou is a member of THRHA management, and she coordinates all aspects of project implementation with her senior colleagues at THRHA to ensure that THRHA complies, and maintains reporting on time and within budget. (resume attached) Bookkeeping functions are performed in house using Emphasys Systems Elite, to manage fund accounting that meets Federal requirements. Ms. Tupou is responsible for all accounting functions including grant accounting that is performed by her staff. Ms. Tupou has experience managing grant Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 20 funds from a variety of sources, including DOE, and ensures that no expenses that are unallowable will be requested for reimbursement. THRHA financial management and internal controls provide assurance that project goals and objectives will be met and funds will be used efficiently. To provide checks and fiscal oversight, THRHA’s internal financial controls and policy separate duties into three financial functions (authorizing transactions, keeping records, and handling funds). Program funds are tracked in separate grant accounts with a project code allocated to each. Upon award of funding THRHA conducts a grant implementation meeting and review newly established codes for associated expenses. Only allowable expenses are coded and paid out of grant funds, the expenses are approved by the Project Manager and monthly grant meetings are held among the finance staff, project manager, and grant administrator to ensure all expenses are allowable and coded properly according to the approved budget. THRHA also tracks grant in kind and match including labor and expenses that are not allowable as grant reimbursement. In addition, THRHA conducts an annual external financial audit. 3.3 Level of Commitment to Project The THRHA manages a suite of facilities in Southeastern Alaska that provide affordable housing opportunities for native and non native residents and their families. Additionally, THRHA is involved in providing a wide variety of funding, construction, and technical services to low income residents and properties. This project provides the opportunity to demonstrate how buildings in Southeastern Alaska can utilize deep energy retrofits including air to water heat pumps for space heating as well as domestic hot water to offset the use of oil. This project utilizes the Southeastern Alaskan climate and new proven, but not widely adopted, technologies to reduce annual heating energy demands and costs by 1.5 3 times over typical fuel oil and electric resistance systems. These projects have the potential to dramatically reduce energy demand over time as building owners and local installers become familiar with them. This project and THRHA’s footprint in the building community in Southeastern Alaska provide the opportunity to showcase the real costs, energy performance, and benefits of this technology and application. This project also provides the opportunity to identify the challenges associated with implementing this type of project, such as needing/evaluating low temperature hydronic heating systems, ensuring appropriate electrical service, and identifying the appropriate equipment and sizing of that equipment. THRHA hopes to show the benefits and challenges, and how the challenges can be addressed and overcome. THRHA would hope to replicate this type of project at other buildings it owns in Southeastern Alaska, and would hope that others can use this same information to determine whether they are able to make the same move away from oil and to low temperature hydronic systems combined with air to water heat pumps for new construction or building renovations. The recent drop in oil prices may lead to complacency in addressing future energy issues. By promoting deep energy retrofits and heat pump technology and demonstrating success now, the THRHA can make positive steps toward improving energy efficiency and lowering long term energy costs. The THRHA is fully committed to its mission of providing sustainable housing options for Southeastern Alaskans. This project would reduce the annual cost to operate the facility at Haines, and would provide a demonstration that this type of deep energy retrofit project is viable in SE Alaska’s hydro communities. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 21 THRHA is fully committed to providing the matching funding required for this project to proceed, as is described in the letter of commitment provided. The full amount of $348,520 would come from THRHA’s IHBG funding allocation and THRHA’s capital budget. 4.0 ATTACHMENTS LIST Attachment A – Work Plan Attachment B – Site and Resource Maps and Graphics File o Location Map o Building Floor Plan Attachment C – Energy Savings Calculations Attachment D – Energy Use Data o 2014 Oil Deliveries (November 2013 – October 2014) o 2014 Electric Bills (November 2013 – October 2014) Attachment E – Energy Audits or Assessments for Deep Energy Retrofits o DE 0005179 – Energy Efficiency Audit, Assessment, and Alternative Energy Study Excerpt from overall report summarizing Energy audit and assessment using AKWarm by Marquam George, LLC Heating Conversion Analysis for Haines Multifamily Low Rent Housing by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC Monitoring Plan for Haines Multifamily Low Rent Housing by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC Attachment F – Design and Engineering o Heat pump equipment and water kit cut sheets o Heat pump system warranty Attachment G – Economics o 25 yr cash flow analysis with key assumptions Attachment H – Statement of Commitment and Cost Sharing o Authorization for Application Attachment I – Subcontract Plan Attachment J – Resumes o Craig Moore – VP Development and Construction Management o Joyce Niven – VP Administration o Irene Tupou – Finance Manager Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment A Work Plan Work Plan Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 1.0 Project Objectives With the Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project, THRHA plans to drastically reduce the energy usage at the facility through implementing multiple EEMs, the largest of which is a conversion of the heating system from non renewable fuel oil and high temperature heat emitters to a low temperature hydronic system heated by an air to water heat pump fueled by locally sourced renewable hydroelectricity. The following are THRHA’s objectives for the project: Increasing the overall energy efficiency of the facility Reducing long term operating costs Protecting the facility against the volatility of the fossil fuel market Increasing the use of local sustainable energy sources Decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the facility 2.0 Project Summary Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA) owns and manages the Haines Multifamily Low Rent Building in Haines, Alaska. The building is a ~7,000 ft 2 facility containing 12 apartments, a laundry room, storage room, day room, and mechanical room. Energy audits of this facility have generated a list of energy efficiency measures (EEM’s) to reduce long term energy costs. THRHA is seeking grant funding to allow a deep energy retrofit of the facility. The energy efficiency measures included in this deep energy retrofit would include: air sealing to 4 ACH, upgrading ceiling insulation, insulating the floor cavity, upgrading windows and outside doors, installing Energy Star refrigerators, a new heat recovery ventilation unit for planned makeup air for the corridor and common spaces, and installation of a low temperature hydronic heating system and an air source heat pump system (ASHP). These proposed steps would provide deep energy retrofit of the facility while improving indoor air quality and resident comfort. 3.0 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and Task Descriptions The project is to be procured as a design build project. THRHA is responsible for implementing the project, and will procure the services of a contractor to design and install the EEMs. The following table identifies the key milestones and tasks for the project. Attachment A – Work Plan THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 2 Design and Permitting Phase Milestone Tasks Start Date (Months from Project Start) Responsible Party / Verification 1 Project Scoping / Contractor Solicitation Issue design RFP and select contractor 0.0 THRHA 2 Final System Design / Permitting Final design / construction documents and submit application / obtain building permit 1.0 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 3 Final Cost Estimate / Updated Financials Finalize construction cost estimate and financial analysis 2.0 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 4 Overall Review / Proceed to Construction Review documents, approve, and move to Construction Phase 2.5 THRHA Construction Phase Milestone Tasks Start Date (Months from Project Start) Responsible Party / Verification 5 Develop Bid Documents Use design documents, put together solicitation 3.0 THRHA 6 Vendor Selection and Award Run bid process, select contractor(s), negotiate / sign contract 3.5 THRHA 7 Construction Construction and construction management and oversight by THRHA 4.5 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 8 Integration and Testing Testing and balancing, prepare for change over 9.5 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 9 Change Over / Decommissioning of Old System Change over and remove extraneous equipment 10.0 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 10 Commissioning and Final Acceptance Commissioning, final punch list, and acceptance of project as complete 10.5 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 11 Operations Monitoring and Reporting Ongoing monitoring and reporting 11.0 THRHA 4.0 Project Management THRHA staff would be in charge of completing the project, and Craig Moore, VP of THRHA would the manager of the project. Mr. Moore and his team have extensive experience in selecting and managing engineering and construction contractors for weatherization, energy efficiency, and energy system design and installation at a wide variety of housing facilities. This experience includes the similar Kake Low Rent building, which recently underwent a similar renovation and deep energy retrofit while using a biomass renewable energy system to provide heating needs. The THRHA also has experience managing the design, installation, and operation of air source heat pumps, including an installation at the Saxman Senior Center where an air to water heat pump is used for providing domestic hot water. Attachment A – Work Plan THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 3 This project would be procured as a design bid build project. Mr. Moore’s team has extensive experience in managing building system and energy projects in this manner. Mr. Moore’s team would scope out the project, and procure the design and construction team using THRHA’s well established procurement procedures. Mr. Moore’s team has the hands on experience to provide their own oversight/review of the design and construction oversight. Project risk will be managed through THRHA’s oversight of the project contractors, deliverables, budget, construction and commissioning. Any necessary project changes will be managed through the design consultant’s approval and the construction contract document requirements. It is anticipated that an AIA construction contract would be used. Mr. Moore and his team are also proficient in project communications, community outreach, and recording of project activities and progress. During the course of the project, regular update meetings or teleconferences will be held with contractors. Meeting notes will be recorded for the project file. THRHA will track and monitor the established budget versus actual expenditures by line item. The Team has a wealth of experience in working with contractors and the community. Before work begins Mr. Moore will conduct a coordination meeting to include all key partners and community. Forecasted meetings and reports will include; project coordination meeting, design review, notice of Intent to construct, teleconferences and reporting by the contractor, project commissioning and close out. Mr. Moore has demonstrated experience in meeting the reporting and communications requirements for a wide variety of grant funding agencies, including DOE. The project roles, background, and expertise of the individuals who would be involved in managing and then operating and maintaining the project are discussed in the following paragraphs. Mr. Moore is responsible for THRHA Development and Construction Management, and will be the Project Manager for the design and construction. He works closely with Robert Reimer, THRHA’s Maintenance Manager. Robert is responsible for operations and maintenance of 600 THRHA housing units including multi family buildings throughout the southeast region of Alaska. Robert has been with THRHA for five years and prior he was with the Days Inn for six years as property manager where he was responsible for $24M of property assets. Robert manages THRHA’s 20 onsite field representatives. THRHA field representatives are responsible for repairing and maintaining all THRHA properties which include: inspections, reports, estimating, purchasing, record keeping, scheduling, computer data entry and all aspects of maintenance including plumbing, heating/ventilation, electrical, and carpentry. Field reps have received formal HVAC training and have advanced certifications. THRHA manages an annual budget of $12 million and employs over 40 technical and administrative personnel. The VP of Administration, Joyce Niven, will lead fiscal management on this project. Ms. Niven has worked in the accounting field for over 20 years and for the past 12 years, she has been employed by THRHA. She has a Bachelor’s of Science degree in business and finance from Western Washington University, Bellingham Washington. Under the leadership of Ms. Niven, THRHA has successfully closed over five new construction project accounts and during the past three years, two of these projects were closed with multiple funding sources Ms. Niven, will provide oversight to the project and grant accounting. She will supervise Finance Manager Irene Tupou who is responsible for all accounting functions including grant accounting that is performed by her staff. Ms. Tupou is a member of THRHA management, and she coordinates all aspects Attachment A – Work Plan THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 4 of project implementation with her senior colleagues at THRHA to ensure that THRHA complies, and maintains reporting on time and within budget. Bookkeeping functions are performed in house using Emphasys Systems Elite, to manage fund accounting that meets Federal requirements. Ms. Tupou is responsible for all accounting functions including grant accounting that is performed by her staff. Ms. Tupou has experience managing grant funds from a variety of sources, including DOE, and ensures that no expenses that are unallowable will be requested for reimbursement. THRHA financial management and internal controls provide assurance that project goals and objectives will be met and funds will be used efficiently. To provide checks and fiscal oversight, THRHA’s internal financial controls and policy separate duties into three financial functions (authorizing transactions; keeping records; and handling funds). Program funds are tracked in separate grant accounts with a project code allocated to each. Upon award of funding THRHA conducts a grant implementation meeting and review newly established codes for associated expenses. Only allowable expenses are coded and paid out of grant funds, the expenses are approved by the Project Manager and monthly grant meetings are held among the finance staff, project manager, and grant administrator to ensure all expenses are allowable and coded properly according to the approved budget. THRHA also tracks grant in kind and match including labor and expenses that are not allowable as grant reimbursement. In addition, THRHA conducts an annual external financial audit. 5.0 Project Schedule The following project schedule matches the table from the WBS section assuming a project start date of July 1, 2016. Figure 1 – Project Schedule Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment B Site and Resource Maps and Graphics File o Location Map o Building Floor Plan SCALE75'0'25' 75'50'Haines Low-Rent Multifamily BuildingWESEEHaines Low-Rent Multifamily RetrofitHaines, AKAerial ViewTHRHATlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment C Energy Savings Calculations Attachment C Energy Savings Calculations THRHA Deep Energy Retrofit Cash Flow Analysis Haines Low Rent Multifamily Housing Building Heating System A Fuel Oil Usage, gallons B Electricity Usage (heating), kWh C Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh D Total Energy Use (Site), kBtu E Total Energy Use (1.5 Site Source), kBtu F Total Energy Use (3.14 Site Source), kBtu Projected Energy Usage, Fuel Oil Boiler 4,314 2,313 49,687 774,913 869,600 1,160,575 Projected Energy Usage, EEMs 140 39,028 48,134 316,776 465,670 953,405 59% 46% 18% Item Value Units Source #1 Fuel Oil HHV 0.138 mmBtu/gallon DOE App C Electricity 0.003412 mmBtu/kWh DOE App C #1 Fuel Oil Conversion to Source Energy 1.01 DOE App C Electricity Conversion to Source Energy for Alaska Special Hydro Community 1.5 AHFC Hydro Electricity Conversion to Source Energy National Factor 3.14 DOE App C Annual Savings Dicussion of Calcluation:There are only two types of energy currently used at the facility. These are fuel oil for heating, and electricity for a wide variety of uses. Should all EEMs be implemented, including the low temperature hydronic heating system and air to water heat pump installation, the only form of energy used onsite will be electricity, with the heat pump using renewable heat from the surrounding air/climate. The source of electricity for this community is hydroelectricity, and Saxman is in one of Alaska's special hydro communities. The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation has developed a site to source factor of 1.5 for Alaska's special hydro communities. This factor is used when calculating the realistic source energy use for before and after all the EEMs are implemented. Column E totals the energy use onsite based on the energy usages listed here for the entire facility and the DOE conversion factors to kBtu. Column F shows the annual Source energy use for each scenario, and source values are calculated using the DOE conversion factors, with the exception of the one for electricty. In this case, the factor of 1.5 is used as it is more appropriate for this project than the blanket national value. Column G shows the source energy calculation if the national value were to be used in order to show the impact to the source savings calculation, but again, this is not an appropriate value for this project and is only shown for demonstration purposes. Inputs to Calculations Energy Savings Calculations Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment D Energy Use Data o 2014 Oil Deliveries (November 2013 – October 2014) o 2014 Electric Bills (November 2013 – October 2014) ALASKA POWER COMPANY Page 1 of 2 COMMUNITY:HN ACCOUNT ACTIVITY DETAIL 6/25/2015 ACCOUNT: HN0806 Power (arPWR) Billing 7:48:07AM ACCT NAME CONNECT DISCONNECT CURBAL DEPOSIT LVL METER HN0806 Tlingil &Haida Housing 08/01/1996 867.60 0.00 35686024 52 Deishu Dr. Haines L R Bldg P.O. Box 32237 Juneau AK 99803-2237 Period: 06-2015 Date Code Description Amount Deposit LvI.Wire/Une Note MTREAD 06/18/2015 02 Energy Charge 3,600 KWH 328.32 MTREAD 06/1812015 13 Regulatory Cost Charge 2.71 MTREAD 06/18/2015 14 A 1 Customer Charge 13.85 MTREAD 06/18/2015 20 A 1 Electric Rate - Government 522.72 HN209G 06/03/2015 90 Cash Payment Clearing -810.68 Totals:3,600 KWH Last Read:6200 Payments:-810.68 56.92 IOn Acet:867.60 Period: 05-2015 Date Code Description Amount Deposit ILvi.Wire/Line Note MTREAD 05/1912015 02 Energy Charge 3,380 KWH 306.43 MTREAD 05/19/2015 13 Regulatory Cost Charge 2.53 MTREAD 05/1912015 14 A 1 Customer Charge 13.85 MTREAD 05/1912015 20 A 1 Electric Rate ~Government 487.87 HN189G 05/0612015 90 Cash Payment Clearing -962.93 Totals:3,360 KWH Last Read:6155 Payments:-962.93 -152.25 On Acet:810.68 Period: 04-2015 Date Code Description Amount Deposit Lvi.Wirelline Note MTREAD 04/2012015 02 Energy Charge 3,840 KWH 388.61 MTREAD 04/2012015 13 Regulatory Cost Charge 2.90 MTREAD 04/20/2015 14 A 1 Customer Charg-e 13.85 MTREAD 0412012015 20 A 1 Electric Rate - Governnient 557.57 HN166G 04/03/2015 90 Cash Payment Clearing -903.60 Totals:3,840 KWH Last Read:6113 Payments:-903.60 59.33 On Acct:962.93 Period: 03-2015 Date Code Description Amount Deposit LvI.Wire/line Note MTREAD 03/1912015 02 E:nergy Charge ~3,600 KWH - 364.32 MTREAD 03/19/2015 13 Regulatory Cost Charge .. 2.71 MTREAD 03/19/2018 14 A 1 Clistomer Charge - -13.85 MTREAD 03/19/2015 20 A 1 Electric Rate - Government 522.72 HN146G 03/0612015 90 Cash Payment Clearing -941.93 Tolal.: 3,600 KWH Last Read:6065 Payments:-941.93 -38.33 On Acct:903.60 Period: 02-2015 Date Code Description Amount Deposit Lv\.WirelLine Note MTREAD 02118/2015 02 Energy Charge 3.920 KWH 355.94 MTREAD 02118~015 13 Regulatory Cost Charge 2.96 MTREAD 02/18/2015 14 A1 Customer Charge 13.85 MTREAD 02/18/2015 20 At EleCtricRate: Government 569.18 HN124G 02/0412015 90 Ca-shPayment Clearing ~-998.75 Totals:3,920 KWH Last Read:6020 Payments:-998.75 .56.82 On Acct:941.93 Period: 01-2015 Date Code Description Amount Deposit L .Wire/Line Note MTREAD 01120/2015 02 Energy Charge 4,160 KWH 371.73 MTREAD 01120/2015 13 Regulatory Cost Charge 3.14 MTREAD 0112012015 14 A1 Customer Charge 13.85 1-. MTREAD 01120/2015 20 A 1 Electric Rate - Government 604.03 HN101G 01/0212015 90 Cash Payment Clearing -933.03 Totals:4,160 KWH Last Read:5971 Payments:-933.03 65.72 OnAcct 998.75 ALASKA POWER COMPANY Page 2 012 COMMUNITY:HN ACCOUNT ACTIVITY DETAIL 6/25/2015 ACCOUNT: HN0806 Power (arPWR) Billing 7:48:12AM ACCT NAME CONNECT DISCONNECT CURBAL DEPOSIT LVL METER Period:12-2014 Date Code Description Amount Deposit LVI. Wire/Une Note MTREAD 12/1812014 02 Energy Charge 4.000 KWH 363.20 MTREAD 1211812014 13 Regulatory Cost Charge 3.02 MTREAD 12/18/2014 14 A 1 Customer Charge 13.21 MTREAD 1211812014 20 A 1 Electric Rate -Government 553.60 HN640G 12103/2014 gO Cash Payment Clearing -859.43 Totals:4.000 KWH Last Read: 5919 Payments:.859.43 73.60 On Acet:933.03 Period:11-2014 Date Code Description Amount Deposit LvI.Wirelline Note MTREAD 11/1812014 02 -Energy Charge 3.680 KWH 334.14 MTREAD 11/18/2014 13 Regulatory Cost Charge 2.77 MTREAD 11/1812014 14 A 1 Custome! Charge 13.21 MTREAD 11/18/2014 20 A 1 Electric Rate. Government 509.31 HN620G 11/05/2014 90 Cash Payment ~I_~aring .871.05 Totals:3.680 KWH Last Read:5869 Payments:-871.05 .11.62 IOn Acet:859.43 Period:10-2014 Date Code Description Amount Deposit L~1.Wire/Line Note MTREAD 10/20/2014 02 Energy Charge 4,080 KWH 290.09 IMTREAD10120/2014 13 RegulatoiY Cost Charg~ ...3.08 MTREAD 10/20/2014 14 A1 Customer Charge 13.21 MTREAD 1012012014 20 A 1 Electric Rate - Government 564.67 HN597G 10/0312014 gO Cash PaymentClearing ~ ~.770.12 Totals:4,080 KWH Last Read:5823 Payments:.770.12 100.93 On Acet:871.05 Period:09-2014 Date Code Description Amount Deposit LvI. Wire/Line Note MTREAD 09/1812014 02 Em'rgy Charge --3.600 KWH 255.96 1 MTREAD 09/1812014 13 Regulatory Cost Charge 2.71 MTREAD 09/1812014 14 A 1 Customer Charge 13.21 MTREAD 09/18/2014 20 A 1 Electdc Rate - Government 498.24 HN575G 09/03/2014 90'Cash Payriient Clearing • -837.41 Totals: 3,600 KWH Last Read:5772 Payments:.837.41 -67.29 On Acct:770.12 Period:08-2014 Date Code Description Amount Deposit Lv!.WlrelLine Note MTREAD 08/1912014 02 Energy Charge 3.920 KWH 278.71 ~MTREAD 08/19/2014 13 Regulatory Cost Charge 2.96 MTREAD 08/19/2014 14 A 1 Customer Charge 13.21 MTREAD 08/1912014 20 A 1 Etectric Rate - Government 542.53 HN553G 08/04/2014 gO Cash Payment Clearing :786.94 -.--- Totals:3,920 KWH Last Read:5727 Payments:.786.94 50.47 On Acct:837.41 Period:07-2014 Date Code Description Amount Deposit Lvi.Wire/Line Note MTREAD 07/1812014 02 Energy Charge 3,680 KWH 261.65 MTREAD 07/18/2014 13 Regulatory Cost Charge -2.77 MTREAD 07/1812014 14 A 1 Customer Charge '13.21-- MTREAD 07/18/2014 20 A 1 Electric Rate ~Government 509.31 HN533G 07/07/2014 90 Cash Payment Clearing -887.13 Totals:3,680 KWH Last Read:5678 Payments:-887.13 -100.19 On Acct:786.94 Period: PRIOR BAL Date Code Description Amount Deposit Lvi.WirelLine Note SUMM 00 Summary Record 887.13 IAccount HN0806 Report Totals:867.60 0.00 I 0.00 0.00 Bill Date 06/1912014 Customer Account # HN0806 Current Charges Due Date 07/14/2014 Past Due Current Charges Due TOTAL DUE =======0.=0=0=====1 887.13 1 88_7_.1_3__ 52 Deishu Dr. Haines L R BldgIAMOUNT PAIDI**AUTOPAY** • TLINGIT &HAIDA HOUSING PO BOX 32237 JUNEAU AK 99803-2237 Please send payment 10: Alaska Power' ompany Attn: Billing Dbpartment POBox 3222 Port Townsend WA 98368 80 4,160 Current ActivityPast Due -979.84 Applied to Prior 979.84 Route Nbr: 0000(}'00806 Meter Nbr: 35686024 Previous Balance AutoPsy Customers: Total due will be automatically withdrawn from the arranged source no sooner than 1'5days after bill date. TLINGIT &HAIDA HOUSING Account # HN0806 52 D~ishu Dr. Haines L R Bldg I TOTAL DUE AMOUNT PAID **AUTOPAY"I0.00 . 887.13 887.13 ~ . Payments Applied Through 06/1812014 Bill Date 06/19/~014 Present Reading: 5,632 06/16/2014 Multiblier: Previous Reading: 5,580 05/15/2014 KWH Used: 52 SUMMARY OF CHARGES ACCOUNT METER REtJDTNG HISTORY READ DATE READnJG USAGE 06/16/2014 563~ 4,160 05/15/2014 558e 4,240 04/15/2014 552V 4,800 03/1512014 546~g 4,640 02/1412014 540 4,880 01/1512014 534, 4,880 12/1612013 52817 4,720 11/1512013 5228 4,400 10/15/2013 5173 3,680 09/1612013 5127 4,000 08/16/2013 50717 4,160 07/15/2013 5025 3,920 06/14/2013 4976 3,760 I Accounts with past due balances are conkidered delinquent and are subject to disconnection 55 days after initial rendering. Thank YouFor LettingUStScrveYou Our LocalNumber is7 6-6500 RCACONSUMER HOTLINE I 1-80(}.39(}.2782 PAYMENTSRECEIVEDAFTER 2:00 pJ WILLBEPOSTEDTHE FOLLOWINGBUSINESSDAY I Electric Rate@J 13.84 ccnts per KWH EnergyChrg@7.11 cents per KWH Balance Forward CashPaymentClearing 6/412014 AI Eleclric Rate - Go\'ernment Energy Charge Regulatory Cost Charge AI Customer Charge Current Balance Due TUNOIT &HAIDA HOUSIN' 979.84 -979.84 575.74 295.78 2.40 13.21 887.13 AP&T /244 Page ION-LINE COPY Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment E Energy Audits or Assessments for Deep Energy Retrofits o DE 0005179 – Energy Efficiency Audit, Assessment, and Alternative Energy Study Excerpt from overall report summarizing Energy audit and assessment using AKWarm by Marquam George, LLC Heating Conversion Analysis for Haines Multifamily Low Rent Housing by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC Monitoring Plan for Haines Multifamily Low Rent Housing by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 22 of 117 2.3 HAINES Haines, Alaska is a Census Designated Place (CDP) located on the western shore of Lynn Canal, between the Chilkoot and Chilkat Rivers. It is about 80 air miles northwest of Juneau, Alaska. The average annual high temperature is 46.8°F and the average annual low temperature is 35.3°F Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 8,453 HDD. Haines is accessible by road via the Haines Highway which is maintained year round and connects Haines to northern Alaskan communities. Air transportation is available with 2 regional carriers, Alaska Seaplane Service and Wings of Alaska. Both provide daily passenger service and some freight and cargo service. Haines is a part of the Alaska Marine Highway which provides the only water transportation of vehicles and passengers. Barge service is available for cargo and is offloaded at the 950 foot Lutak Dock. The community has a population of 2,664 with the median age being 46.2 years old. There are 1,784 housing units in Haines. Owner occupied units number 882, while there are 348 renter occupied units. Haines’ economy is classified as subsistence and relies heavily on tourism with 70% of the population employed in the private sector. Table 2.3 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.3 1 : Haines Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #2 Fuel Oil, Gallon 138,800 $4.22 80% 111,040 $38.00 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $4.00 80% 73,040 $54.76 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.23 100% 3,412 $67.41 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.23 300% 10,236 $22.47 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $350.00 80% 12,160,000 $28.78 Note: Fuel prices provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library. Biomass & propane prices obtained from local providers. 2.3.1 Haines 12 Unit Multifamily Building THRHA operates a 7,000 ft 2 low rent multifamily building in the city of Haines that was constructed in 1982. The building is of modular construction and contains 12 one bedroom, one bath rental units and is 1 story, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and has a steel roof. The foundation is creosote piles that support a raised floor with a skirted crawlspace. A typical unit is 24' x 20' with all units exiting to a central corridor. The central corridor is 5' wide and has a utility chase above a drop ceiling for piping (heat and domestic hot and cold water) and electrical distribution to apartments. There are small common areas, including a small laundry room, storage locker room, day room, and the mechanical room. Figures 2.3 1 through 2.3 4 show the pictures of the Haines 12 Unit Multifamily Building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 23 of 117 Figure 2.3 1 : Haines Low Rent Apartment Outside Shell Figure 2.3 2 : Haines Low Rent Apartments Under Floor Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 24 of 117 Figure 2.3 3 : Haines Low Rent Apartments Attic Crawlspace Figure 2.3 4 : Haines Low Rent Apartments Boiler Room Table 2.3 2 provides the building address, square footage, and insulation values of building components. Table 2.3 2 : Haines 12 Unit Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Living Area Floors Walls Door 1 Door 2 Door 3 South Windows Remaining Windows Ceiling 52 Deishu Dr. R Value 24.1 16.2 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.1 29.3 Area, ft 2 6,930 3,188 22 22 22 305 343 6,930 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 25 of 117 Two Weil McLain WGO 6 hot water boilers firing on #2 fuel oil are used to heat the building and domestic hot water. The boilers are each rated at 212,000 Btu/hr. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating and to an indirect heated domestic hot water tank. Baseboard heat is located in each unit. Table 2.3 3 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for the 12 unit building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.3 3 : Haines Annual Energy Cost Breakdown Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances / Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances / Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1,619 $6,832 658 $2,777 66,629 $15,965 $25,574 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.3.2 Improvement Option Recommendations The energy audits of the facilities generated a list of energy efficiency recommendations. Blower door tests and walkthrough assessments were conducted by professional energy auditing companies. Energy efficiency measures considered for the Haines Low Rent Housing Building are as follows: Windows Windows have double glazing, but many have broken seals or no longer close completely. They all need replacing with energy efficient new windows with a minimum U value of .28. Air Sealing The building has lots of air leakage. THRHA would like to tighten the building up to no more than 4 ACH50. Insulation Thermal values of the building shell are low. THRHA would like to increase the R values of the ceiling to R 60, the floor to R 38, and the walls to R 30. Outside insulation and new siding would be required to achieve R 30 walls. Refrigerators – Refrigerators need to be replaced for aesthetic and efficiency reasons. THRHA would like to install energy star rated appliances during scheduled replacements. A summary of estimated costs and savings for recommended measures are provided in Table 2.3 4. Cost and savings values are a result of AkWarm calculations. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 26 of 117 Table 2.3 4 : Haines Energy Conservation Measure Estimated Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Estimated Total Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Ratio Replace 3 outside doors with U 0.16 insulation $190 $1,467 7.7 3.0 Air sealing to 4 ACH $1,283 $5,000 3.9 3.0 Insulate floors with R 30 dense pack insulation $666 $10,380 15.6 1.5 Replace windows with U 0.26 $2,323 $34,650 14.9 1.2 Increase ceiling Insulation to R 60 $608 $16,945 27.9 0.9 Energy Star Refrigerators $372 $12,000 32.3 0.5 Outside wall insulation technique, rain screen, and concrete fiberboard siding $367 $95,640 260.6 0.1 Totals $5,809 $101,330 17.4 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing, windows, and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. 2 Energy Star rated refrigerator savings are generated from www.energystar.gov savings calculator. 3 A detailed breakdown of lighting assumptions is provided in Section 4 Attachments. THRHA also is considering upgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not driven by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Install a new heat recovery ventilator system in the central corridor and common spaces. Replace room exhaust fans with high efficiency low sone exhaust fans with motion sensors and a programmable time delay. Install a wood pellet heating system. Ventilation – The building does not currently have a central ventilation system. The central corridor is not ventilated and carries odors and apartment units have exhaust only ventilation using a bath fan and a range hood. THRHA would like to install a heat recovery ventilator system for corridors and public spaces, and improve the exhaust only ventilation system in each apartment with low sone continuous duty rated exhaust fans on motion sensors with programmable time delays to meet ASHRAE 62.2 2012. A heat recovery ventilator system is estimated to cost $50,000. This system will use additional energy but will improve indoor air quality and occupant comfort. Installing updated exhaust fans on motion sensors with programmable time delays are each estimated to cost $600 installed. Wood Pellet Heating System THRHA considered the feasibility of heating the building with a wood pellet fired hot water boiler located in a separate outbuilding. A propane on demand hot water heater will be installed for the non heating season. The recommended system consists of a 70,000 Btu/hr wood pellet fired hot water boiler and 60 gallons of hot water thermal Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 27 of 117 storage. The financial summary of the wood pellet system is provided in Table 2.3 5. A cost breakdown is provided in Section 4.0 Attachments. Section Table 2.3 5 : Haines Wood Pellet Heating System Financial Summary Current Oil Use, Gallons Current Oil Cost Estimated Wood Pellet Use, Tons Estimated Wood Pellet Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated Propane Cost with Wood Pellet System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback 2,277 $9,609 16.6 $5,822 $1,500 $2,769 ($482) 110,865 N/A Note: Assumes 80% offset with wood pellet system. Remaining 20% is offset with an on demand propane fired system. Capital costs include the estimated cost for the propane fired system. Fuel prices used to generate economics are $4.22/gallon for #2 fuel oil, $4.00/gallon for propane, and $350/ton of wood pellets. The savings for the wood pellet system are negative. This is mostly due to the low volume of oil currently used and the high price of propane. If the wood pellet system were operated throughout the summer using efficient loading of the thermal storage tank, coverage could approach 95% and savings could become positive due to increased propane offset. It is estimated that the savings would in the $500 a year range. Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment F Design and Engineering o Heat pump equipment and water kit cut sheets o Heat pump system warranty LIMITED WARRANTY PERIODHOW DOES THIS LIMITED WARRANTY APPLY?EXTENDED WARRANTYLIMITED WARRANTY EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONSLIMITATION OF WARRANTY SCOPEASSERTION OF CLAIMSOBTAINING WARRANTY PARTS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONDISPUTEARBITRATIONSEVERABILITYVALIDITY Date: Job Name/Location: PO No.: Architect: Engr: GC: Rep: For:File Approval Mech: Resubmit Other Tag #: (Company)(Project Manager) Ton Outdoor Unit ARUN072BTE4 MultiV™IV Heat Pump 6.0 Page 1 of 2 LG Electronics USA, Inc. 1000 Sylvan Ave, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632/www.lg vrf.com SB MultiV_IV_HeatPump ARUN072BTE4 01 15 Performance: Cooling Mode: Heating Mode: Nominal Capacity (Btu/h)81,000 Electrical: Piping: Standard Features: Notes: Operating Range: 1.For AHRI ra ngs, refer to the AHRI website h p://www.ahridirectory.org. 2.The combina on ra o must be between 50 – 130%. 3.Sound Pressure levels are tested in an anechoic chamber under ISO Standard 3745. 4.All communica on cable to be minimum 18 AWG, 2 conductor, stranded, shielded and must comply with applicable local and national code. 5.Nominal data is rated 0 above sea level, with 25 of refrigerant line per indoor unit and a 0 ft level difference between outdoor and indoor units. All capacities are net with a combination ratio between 95 105%. 6.Power wiring cable size must comply with the applicable local and na onal MOP (A)40 MCA (A)25.3 Compressor A (A)17.0 Compressor B (A) Refrigerant Charge (lbs)16.9 Liquid Line (in, OD)3/8 Power Supply (V/Hz/Ø)208 230/60/3 Nominal Capacity (Btu/h)72,000 Rated Amps (A)21.0 Fan (A)4.0 Vapor Line (in, OD)3/4 Unit Data: Refrigerant Type R410A Refrigerant Control EEV Shipping Weight (lbs)452 Net Unit Weight (lbs)430 Cooling (ûF WB)**14 122 Heating (ûF DB)13 61 © LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. All rights reserved. “LG Life’s Good” is a registered trademark of LG Corp. /www.lghvac.com Power Input¹ (kW)4.37 Power Input¹ (kW)5.02 Nominal Capacity is outside the scope of AHRI Standard 1230 and based on the following conditions: Indoor:80°F DB / 67°F WB Outdoor : 95°F DB Indoor:70°F DB Outdoor : 47°F DB / 43°F WB Optional Accessories: Air Guide PRAGX2S0 Communication Cable (No x AWG)2 x 18 Heat Exchanger Coating GoldFin™ Compressor: Fan: Type Propeller Motor/Drive Brushless Digitally Controlled/Direct Air Flow Rate (CFM)7,400 Quantity 1 Oil/Type PVE/FVC68D Max Number of Indoor Units²13 Sound Pressure³ dB(A)58.5 Type HSS SC Scroll Quantity 1 •HiPOR (high pressure oil return) •Smart Oil Control •Split Coil Defrost •Night Quiet Opera on •Fault Detec on and Diagnosis **(9.9°F achieved only when all IDU's are operating in cooling mode.) Low Ambient Baffle Kit ZLABKA01A (1), Control Kit PRVC2 (1 per system) 7.The voltage tolerance is ± 10%. Ton Outdoor Unit ARUN072BTE4 Multi V™ IV Heat Pump 6.0 Tag #: Date: PO No.: Job Name/Location: Page 2 of 2 LG Electronics USA, Inc. 1000 Sylvan Ave, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632/www.lg vrf.com SB MultiV_IV_HeatPump ARUN072BTE4 01 15© LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. All rights reserved. “LG Life’s Good” is a registered trademark of LG Corp. /www.lghvac.com •Water cooling and medium temperature hea ng •Domes c water hea ng¹² •Cold surface insula on •Factory mounted inlet/outlet water temperature sensors •Factory mounted internal ßow switch •Third party thermostat interface •Group control¹ •Remote on/o site monitoring capability via the internet¹ •Water Pump On/O Interlock •208V 3-Way Diver ng Valve •208V 2-Way Hea ng Circuit Isola on Valve Date: Job Name/Location: PO No.: Architect: Engr: GC: Rep: For:File Approval Mech: Resubmit Other Tag #: (Company)(Project Manager) Performance: ARNH963K2A2 Hydro Kit Medium Temperature 96 Electrical: Piping: MBh Indoor Unit Cooling Mode: Heating Mode: Rated Amps (A)0.05 Page 1 of 2SB-HydroKitMedHeat-ARNH963K2A2-05-14 For continual product development, LG reserves the right to change specifications without notice. LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. All rights reserved. “LG Life’s Good” is a registered trademark of LG Corp. /www.lg-vrf.com Cooling Rated Test Conditions: Heating Rated Test Conditions: Bldg Water:95°F DB/75°F WB Water Temp. Inlet/Outlet:73.4°F/65.5°F Bldg Water:47°F DB/43°F WB Water Inlet/Outlet:86°F/94.8°F Power Input (kW) Cooling/Heating 0.01 MCA (A)0.06 Liquid Line (in, OD)3/8 Braze Vapor Line (in, OD)7/8 Braze Water Inlet/Outlet (in, OD)1-MPT Condensate Outlet (in, OD)1-MPT Unit Data: Refrigerant Type R410A Refrigerant Control EEV Sound Pressure dB(A) Heating/Cooling 26/26 Net Weight (lbs)77 Shipping Weight (lbs)89 Heat Exchanger: Heat Exchanger Type 316 Stainless Brazed Plate Notes: 1.Voltage ßuctua on tolerance is ±10%. 2.Field mounted. 3.Cannot Þeld splice. 3A. To extend cable length, use Group Control Extension Cable (PZCWRC1), sold separately. 4.On power outage, closes EEV valve(s) to prevent heat exchanger freezing. 5.Requires the installa on of the Hydro Kit controller. Does not apply when used in conjunc on with 3rd party thermostat. 6.Sound pressure levels tested in an anechoic chamber in accordance with ISO Standard 3475. 7.Water only (no an freeze). 8.Not required on dedicated domes c water hea ng applica ons. 9.Alternates ßow between comfort cooling/hea ng equipment and water hea ng tank. 10.Field provided and mounted. 11.Shut-o ßow to in-ßoor hea ng circuit while opera ng in cooling mode. 12.Requires the use of an indirect water storage tank. 13.Field provided thermostat must be a 208V, 24V or mechanical type. Must be Þeld adjustable heating only or cooling/heating with a manual changeover. Cooling and heating setpoint, deadband, and manual restart functions provided by Hydro Kit Controller are not available with use of a 3rd party thermostat. Cannot be used in conjunction with remote temperature sensor. 14.Wired Remote Group Control Cable Assembly (PZWRCG3) required and sold separately. 15.Monitoring capability available using LG’s AC Smart Premium or a BMS system integra on gateway (sold separately). Requires a field provided LAN/internet connection or BMS system provided by others. Power Supply¹ (V/Hz/Ø)208-230/60/1 MCA - Minimum Circuit Ampacity MPT - Male Pipe Thread Rated Capacity (Btu/h)95,900 Entering Water Temperature Range (°F)50-86 Leaving Water Temperature Range (°F)42-77 Rated Capacity (Btu/h)107,500 Entering Water Temperature Range (°F)59-113 Leaving Water Temperature Range (°F)68-122 Air Source Outdoor Unit Interconnected refrigerant pipe length is 25 ft at 0 elevation change. Water Source Unit: Bldg Water:95°F Water Temp. Inlet/Outlet:73.4°F/65.5°F Cooling RatedTest Conditions: Heating Rated Test Conditions: Bldg Water:47°F Water Temp. Inlet/Outlet:86°F/94.8°F Interconnected refrigerant pipe length is 25 ft at 0 elevation change. MOP (A)15 MOP – Maximum Overcurrent Protection Water Flow Control Options: Included Accessories •Hot Water Tank Temp Sensor with 32 communica on cable •1/2" MPT Hot Water Tank Sensor Well² •Remote Wall Mounted Hydro Kit Controller with 32 communica on cable •Standby Power Module •1” Female Pipe Thread (FPT) #50 mesh inlet strainer² Heat Rejected to Equipment Room (Btu/h)Negligible Factory Charge Dry Nitrogen Heat Exchanger Refrigerant to Water Rated Water Flow (GPM)24.3 Nominal Pressure Drop (ft-wg)23.1 Range of Flow (GPM)8-24.3 Water Side Volume (US Gallons)0.58 Water Side Design Pressure (psig)464 Optional Accessories (sold seperately) Dry Contact – PQDSB1 Remote Temperature Sensor – PQRSTA0 Wired Remote Group Control Cable Assembly – PZWRCG3 Solar Heating System Interface Kit - PHLLA Standard Features: 2,4 2,5 8,9,10 8,10,11 10,13 2,3 2, 3A ARNH963K2A2 Hydro Kit Medium Temperature Tag #: Date: PO No.: Job Name/Location: 96 Page 2 of 2SB-HydroKitMedHeat-ARNH963K2A2-05-14 For continual product development, LG reserves the right to change specifications without notice. LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. All rights reserved. “LG Life’s Good” is a registered trademark of LG Corp. /www.lg-vrf.com MBh Combination Water Heater and Cooler Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment G Economics o 25 yr cash flow analysis with key assumptions Attachment GTHRHA Deep Energy Retrofit Cash Flow AnalysisAnalysis Assumes a 50% Grant Funding LevelHaines Low Rent Multifamily Housing BuildingInput Variables Value Units YearEnergyCosts withFuel OilSystemEnergy Costswith ASHP &EEM'sAddedO&M CostNetOperatingSavingsNet CashFlowPresent Valueof Cash FlowProject Cost after 50% Grant 348,520 $0$$$$(348,520)$$ (348,520)Yr 2 Cost Planned Air Exchange for Common Space 45,000 1 29,919$ (21,997)$ (1,648)$ 6,273$ 6,273$ 6,273$Yr 2 Cost Hydronic System Replacement 131,000 $ 2 30,966$ (22,437)$ (1,689)$ 6,839$ 182,839$ 174,966$Projected Energy Costs with Fuel Oil System 29,919 $ 3 32,050$ (22,886)$ (1,731)$ 7,432$ 7,432$ 6,806$Projected Energy Costs with ASHP & EEM's21,997 $ 4 33,171$ (23,344)$ (1,775)$ 8,053$ 8,053$ 7,057$Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr) 3.5% Percent 5 34,332$ (23,811)$ (1,819)$ 8,702$ 8,702$ 7,298$Electricity Inflation Rate (apr) 2.0% Percent 6 35,534$ (24,287)$ (1,865)$ 9,382$ 9,382$ 7,529$General Inflation Rate (apr) 2.5% Percent 7 36,778$ (24,773)$ (1,911)$ 10,094$ 10,094$ 7,751$Discount Rate (apr) 4.5% Percent 8 38,065$ (25,268)$ (1,959)$ 10,838$ 10,838$ 7,964$Year 1 Increased O&M Cost 1,648 $/yr 9 39,397$ (25,774)$ (2,008)$ 11,616$ 11,616$ 8,168$10 40,776$ (26,289)$ (2,058)$ 12,429$ 12,429$ 8,363$11 42,203$ (26,815)$ (2,110)$ 13,279$ 13,279$ 8,551$12 43,680$ (27,351)$ (2,162)$ 14,167$ 14,167$ 8,730$13 45,209$ (27,898)$ (2,216)$ 15,095$ 15,095$ 8,901$14 46,791$ (28,456)$ (2,272)$ 16,063$ 16,063$ 9,064$15 48,429$ (29,025)$ (2,329)$ 17,075$ 17,075$ 9,220$16 50,124$ (29,606)$ (2,387)$ 18,132$ 18,132$ 9,369$17 51,878$ (30,198)$ (2,446)$ 19,234$ 19,234$ 9,511$18 53,694$ (30,802)$ (2,508)$ 20,385$ 20,385$ 9,646$19 55,573$ (31,418)$ (2,570)$ 21,585$ 21,585$ 9,774$20 57,519$ (32,046)$ (2,635)$ 22,838$ 22,838$ 9,896$21 59,532$ (32,687)$ (2,700)$ 24,144$ 24,144$ 10,011$22 61,615$ (33,341)$ (2,768)$ 25,506$ 25,506$ 10,121$23 63,772$ (34,008)$ (2,837)$ 26,927$ 26,927$ 10,224$24 66,004$ (34,688)$ (2,908)$ 28,408$ 28,408$ 10,322$25 68,314$ (35,382)$ (2,981)$ 29,952$ 29,952$ 10,414$Net Present Value37,406$ Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment H Statement of Commitment and Cost Sharing o Authorization for Application Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment I Subcontract Plan Subcontracting Plan Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project THRHA will be responsible for the implementation and administration of this project, and it is anticipated that this project would be procured as a design build project, or possibly a design bid build project. THRHA has selected the contractors for this project at this point, and is thus submitting this subcontracting plan. Mr. Moore’s team has extensive experience in managing building system and energy projects in this manner. Mr. Moore’s team would scope out the project, and procure the design and construction team using THRHA’s well established procurement procedures. Mr. Moore’s team has the hands on experience to provide their own oversight/review of the design and construction oversight. THRHA has a Procurement Policy in place which will be applied to the procurement of all contract labor and materials secured for this project. The THRHA Board of Commissioners, by resolution has adopted this Policy for implementation of all THRHA projects. THRHA Policy outlines the process for both procurement of identified goods and services required by established thresholds of the purchases (small purchase $0 $100,000); Sealed Bids/invitation for Bids (IFB), when applicable over $100,000; Competitive Proposals/Request for Proposals (RFP), when applicable over $100,000; and Non Competitive (Sole Source) Proposals, as well as the methods used for purchase (request for price quotes, request for proposals, and invitation for bids) that controls the method of procurement. Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Haines Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment J Resumes o Craig Moore – VP Development and Construction Management o Joyce Niven – VP Administration o Irene Tupou – Finance Manager Staff Background Craig Moore, VP Planning and Development Academic Construction Technology Portland Community College Business Administration Portland State College Building Construction Technology University of Alaska Southeast Training in Advanced Cold Climate Homebuilding techniques; Lead-Based Paint Risk Assessments; OSHA regulations; HUD HQS inspections; Mold and Mildew assessments, Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality. Professional Licenses and Affiliations ICBO Combination Dwelling Inspector #1060428-55 Professional Member #0393365 International Conference of Building Officials Certified AkWarm Energy Rater #65 - Alaska Housing Finance Corporation HUD 203(K) fee consultant #S0134 – rehab loans Charter Member Ketchikan Home Builders Association Board of Directors - Alaska Building Science Network Member, Alaska State Homebuilders Association Advisory Board Member, SE Region, Cold Climate Housing Research Center Professional DCM Manager Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority December 2003 to Present Construction Coordinator Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority 1997 – 2003 Project Inspector Ketchikan Gateway Borough General Contractor Owner First City Builders Ketchikan ICBO Home Inspector 1986 - 1997 Energy Rater Irene D Tupou Professional Experience Tlingit & Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA), May 2009 - Present Finance Manager Responsible for oversight of all accounting and reporting activities lead all day-to-day finance operations of a budget of $20 million and supervise a team of 8 staff members including functional responsibility over accounting, accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and grants administration. Oversee cash flow planning and ensure availability of funds as needed. Ensure THRHA has the systems and procedures in place to support effective program implementation and comply with audit standards. Work closely with program managers and their staffs, not only to educate them regarding finance and accounting procedures but also to explore how the finance function can support program operations. Accounting Supervisor Responsible for the day to day operations of fiscal department. Supervise staff engaged in payroll, accounts payable, travel, and accounts receivable. Also reconcile general ledger accounts, post adjusting journals to general ledger, and review daily cash receipts. Assist Controller in annual audit and special projects as assigned. Supervise 4 staff. Central Council Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska (CCTHITA), March 2000 – May 2009 Deputy Manager, Tribal Child Support Assist in planning, directing, coordinating all program activities. Develop and implement department policies, procedures, and protocols conform to Tribal codes, policies and the Code of Federal Regulations. Ensure program components were developed with a focus on organizational mission, and goals identified in the Child Support Program’s strategic plan. Develop, implement, and provide continuous training on data system to assist users in processing and/or accessing information needed. Responsible for case management which includes, assigning and reviewing cases and ensuring cases are in compliance with program requirements. Assist caseworkers in resolving issues with their assigned cases. Visit communities to promote program and answer questions regarding their cases. Generate financial and statistical reports, and file federal quarterly and annual reports for program. Perform Paternity tests for families. Act on behalf of the Manager during his/her absence. Assist in developing the department budget. In the absence of attorney presented cases in tribal court. Supervise 3 Child Support Specialists. Supervisory Accountant Responsible for the day to day operations of the CCTHITA’s finance department. Supervise staff engaged in payroll, accounts payable, travel, cash deposits, benefits programs, budgets, and grants. Assist CFO with annual audit, indirect cost proposal, insurance, and special projects. Supervise 5 accounting support staff. Accounting Technician Process transactions for retirement plan. Post general ledger entries for investment transactions. Install upgrades or fixes for accounting system. Implement cash receipts and electronic timesheet modules. Develop procedures and training materials for employees. Assist department with accounting and computer software problems. Process payroll when Payroll Technician was not available. LABYRINTH TECHNOLOGY, January 1999 – March 2000 Bookkeeper Responsible for processing payrolls for affiliated companies. Complete federal and state reports. Ensure sufficient funds are in company bank accounts for all affiliated companies and process cash transfers when necessary. Responsible for accounts payable and accounts receivable. Reconcile bank statements and post entries in general ledger. KLUKWAN, INC. May 1993 – January 1999 Pension/Insurance\Shareholder Specialist Pension Plan - Verify eligibility and process of transactions involving cash transfers in or out of the trust. Reconcile trust statements. Communicate with participants to facilitate transactions for pension plan. Resolve participant questions and problems regarding benefits. Ensure corporate compliance with ERISA Act and Department Labor. Review and process retirement forms (i.e. beneficiary designations, salary deferrals, loans, hardships, and distributions) for 401k plan. Audit payroll reports to ensure accuracy regarding eligible wages and contributions. Enroll new participants and inform payroll offices of new or changed information. Maintain participants’ files. Cash Management – Daily processing of cash data and funding of subsidiary accounts as needed. Download daily cash transactions that affect all company checking accounts, estimate check clearing and cash needs for each subsidiary company and consolidate the Line of Credit from Bank. Prepare daily cash reports for management. Data entry of monthly transactions and reconcile cash accounts. Insurance – Reporting, monitoring and administering the corporate property, casualty and liability insurance programs. Allocating and coding insurance invoices to proper subsidiary. Data entry of monthly insurance expenses and reconciles prepaid insurance accounts. Assist in the annual insurance renewal process. Shareholder Services – Process monthly shareholder distribution checks and annual 1099’s for shareholders. This included auditing reports and verifying calculations were accurate based on the dollar per share authorized. Process payments to shareholders for emergency loan program. Track repayments before issuing distributions and new loans. Ensure policies set by Board of Directors were followed. Resolve shareholders’ questions. Reconcile shareholder expense accounts and post journals to general ledger. Assist shareholders in completing beneficiary forms. Maintain strict confidentiality of records and corporate information. UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SOUTHEAST, September 1987 – September 1992 Personnel Technician II Resolve employee concerns on benefits and wages. Provide technical information and training to cost center clerks and outlying locations on personnel, payroll, benefits and the Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) procedures. This position required extensive knowledge of policies, payroll practices, state and federal requirements, and benefits plans. Conduct orientations and exit interviews individually or in-group settings. Assist employees and departments in completing personnel and payroll forms. Reviewed payroll reports for discrepancies and made corrective actions when necessary. Calculate adjustments on pay, taxes, deductions, benefits and leave. Back up for Recruitment Technician which involved reviewing applications and screening documents to ensure compliance to EEO requirements; prepare job descriptions and advertisements. Personnel Technician (Benefits) Coordinate Annual Benefits Fair for employees. Compile HR statistics for reports from personnel records, verifying and determining placement of data. Re-design personnel and payroll forms for the University of Alaska statewide. Enroll employees in PERS, TRS, and Tax Shelter Annuities. Research records for years of service and report to State of Alaska retirement plans the number of years vested for employees. During the statewide implementation of HRIS (integrated data system) participated on payroll and forms committees. During this time developed forms for payroll and human resource which were used by all the University of Alaska’s campuses. Personnel Technician (Payroll) Review payroll reports for discrepancies and made corrective action when necessary. Calculate payroll adjustments on leave, labor accounts, voids, retros, and overpayments. Process employee initiated actions such as taxes, benefits and deductions. Perform special projects that required researching personnel and payroll records and producing reports. EDUCATION B.S., Travel Management, Brigham Young University – Hawaii Campus, 1986 A.A., Business Information, Brigham Young University – Hawaii Campus, 1986 Staff Background Joyce M. Niven, Vice President of Administration Academic Bachelor of Arts 1987 Business, Finance Concentration, Western Washington University, Bellingham Washington Professional VP of Administration Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority January 2014 to present Fiscal Officer Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority December 2004 to January 2014 Senior Accountant Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority November 2000 to December 2004 General Manager Capital Office Supply 1995 – November 2000 Finance Manager Capital Office Supply February 1990 to 1995 Accounting Supervisor Fluor Daniel Inc. 1988 – December 1989 Community Involvement Event Co-Chair American Cancer Society Relay for Life of Juneau Volunteer Juneau Women of the Moose Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska HOONAH – LOW RENT APARTMENTS MONITORING PLAN Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska KLAWOCK SENIOR CENTER WOOD BRIQUETTE / WOOD PELLET OPTION COMPARISON DE 0005179 Energy E ciency Audit, Assessment, and Alterna ve Energy Study December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Wood Brique e / Wood Pellet Op on Comparison Klawock, AK Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority PO Box 32237 Juneau, AK 99803 (907) 780 6868 Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Existing Fuel Usage & Heating System................................................................................. 3 3.0 Biomass Fuel Availability and Cost....................................................................................... 5 4.0 Proposed Biomass System Options ..................................................................................... 7 4.1.1 Option 1: 190,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System........................................................ 7 4.1.2 Option 2: 170,000 Btu/hr Wood Briquette System.................................................. 9 5.0 Benefit/Cost Analysis......................................................................................................... 13 6.0 Summary............................................................................................................................ 18 Appendix A – Conceptual Drawings Appendix B – Conceptual Capital Cost Estimates Appendix C – 20 Year Financing at 4% APR Cash Flow Analysis Appendix D – Wood Fuel Specifications Appendix E – Advanced Wood Boiler Cut Sheets Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 1 of 18 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document compares options for the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority to utilize high efficiency, low emission wood fired technologies the Klawock Senior Center located on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Installation of a wood fired heating system would present the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority with the opportunity to utilize a renewable fuel for heating, and keep fuel expenditures within the regional economy. Figure 1 shows an aerial picture of the Klawock Senior Center located in Klawock, Alaska. Figure 1 – Aerial View of the Klawock Senior Center Image source: Bing Maps The building uses #1 fuel oil fired boilers for space heating and domestic hot water heating. Two biomass boiler technologies are considered for integration into the facility. These are a wood pellet boiler system and a wood briquette boiler system. A summary of the costs and economic impacts for each option are listed in Table ES1. Note that the current low cost of fuel oil, $3.00/gallon, results in project options that either do not provide annual savings, or show low savings compared to investment costs. It is important to note that annual savings are Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 2 of 18 directly dependent on volatile fuel oil pricing. If 2014 fuel oil pricing of $4.13/gallon were used, this would drastically change the financial performance of the options. The wood pellet option would show positive savings of approximately $1,200, but still a very long payback period. The wood briquette option would show substantive annual savings of approximately $5,500 and provide a payback of ~20 years assuming no grant incentives. Table ES1 – Cost and Benefit Summary Option Estimated Capital Cost 1st Year Net Annual Operating Savings Simple Payback, Years Present Value of Annual Cash Flows, 20 yrs 20 Year B/C Ratio 1 – Wood Pellet System $116,380 $4,140 NA ($205,999) (0.62) 2 – Wood Briquette System $113,471 $992 114.3 ($101,339) 0.23 Notes: 1 Net Annual Operating Savings include costs for wood fuel, supplemental fossil fuel, and operation & maintenance (O&M) costs. 2 20 Year Benefit/Cost (B/C) Ratio is calculated by dividing the present value of net annual operating savings over a 20 year period with a discount rate of 3.0%by the Estimated Capital Cost. A value greater than 1 means the benefits exceed the costs over a 20 year period. The clean and efficient use of wood fuel at the facility would provide the following environmental and social benefits: Purchase of wood briquettes would immediately impact the local economy since the fuel is produced by a local mill Purchase of wood pellets would impact the regional economy, with wood pellet production from one provider currently operational in Ketchikan, AK Decreased dependence on fuel oil by replacing up to 4,750 gallons of oil with renewable biomass fuel Net reduction of up to 48 metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions annually Reduction of up to 65 lbs of sulfur dioxide annually A hedge against the volatility of the fossil fuel market Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 3 of 18 2.0 EXISTING FUEL USAGE & HEATING SYSTEM The Klawock Senior Center is a 24,980 ft 2 facility housing approximately 30 residents and staff. THRHA provided an annual facility usage number of 5,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil annually for space heating and domestic hot water heating. Annual expenditures are approximately $15,000 at the current fuel price of $3.00 per gallon. An above ground 1,100 gallon fuel oil tank is used for onsite storage. The boiler room contains two model WTGO 7 Weil McLain hot water boilers firing on #1 fuel oil and rated at 210,000 Btu/hr output and 50 psig. The boilers were installed in 2008 and are in excellent condition. The hot water heating distribution system is a primary secondary piping system with individual zone pumps distributing water throughout the building. Baseboard fin tube radiant heaters provide space heating for rooms. A makeup air handling unit with a hot water coil is used for the kitchen and common area. A digital control system is installed by Delta Controls, however there is no way to interface with the control system without bringing in a service technician with a laptop and appropriate software. Domestic hot water is heated indirectly using the heating boilers and stored in two 120 gallon HTP Superstor tanks. There is potential room in the existing boiler room to locate a hot water thermal storage tank and one wood fired boiler. THRHA reported usage for calendar year (CY) 2013 as 5,000 gallons. The heating degree days for CY 2013 were fairly close to the 30 year average for the region. Thus, CY 2013 weather data from Klawock, Alaska is used with the 5,000 gallon annual fuel oil use for the purposes of load modeling in this report. Figure 2 shows how the daily average heating demand for the Klawock Senior Center would be expected to vary over the course of a year. During a 24 hr period, the actual load will vary above and below this average value. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the average heating demand values shown over a 24 hr period. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 4 of 18 Figure 2 – Klawock Senior Center Estimated Average Daily Heating Demand for CY 2013 Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided by the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. The model assumes that each person uses 20 gallons of domestic hot water per day for bathing, cooking, laundry, and hand washing. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the average heating demand values shown over a 24 hr period. A load duration curve was developed using the daily average heating demand curves. Load duration curves sort the daily average heating demand over the course of a year from highest to lowest and plot it over the number of days to show the annual range of facility heating demand. Figure 3 shows the estimated load duration curve for CY 2013. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 5 of 18 Figure 3 – Klawock Senior Center Estimated Load Duration Curve for CY 2013 Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided by the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. The model assumes that each person uses 20 gallons per day of domestic hot water. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating demand values shown over a 24 hr period. 3.0 BIOMASS FUEL AVAILABILITY AND COST The biomass fuels considered for evaluation in this report are wood pellets and wood briquettes. The following is a discussion of the fuels and logistics for the delivery of the fuels. Wood Pellets There are several wood pellet fuel vendors providing bulk fuel delivery for the SE Alaska region. These providers either produce their own pellets or import them from mills in the lower 48 or Canada. The fuel is then delivered via the ferry system. Klawock is accessed from the Inter Island Ferry Authority (IFA) dock at Hollis. This ferry has significant capacity and operates daily between Hollis and Ketchikan. The general standard for pellet fuel in the US is published by the Pellet Fuels Institute (PFI). Not all pellet manufacturers are certified to provide PFI standard pellets, and exact product specifications can vary. Regardless, PFI standards are generally accepted as targeted in the US, and the PFI standards for wood pellet Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 6 of 18 fuel are provided in Appendix D. For the purposes of this report, the higher heating value of the wood pellet fuel is assumed to be 15.2 mmBtu/ton. Providers are able to deliver fuels into the onsite storage in one of two ways. These are pneumatically or through an auger. The IFA ferry allows vehicle dimensions of up to 14.5’ high, 9’ wide (or potentially 12’ with call ahead), and 55’ long for a double unit. The total weight allowed is 60,000 lbs. The available capacity for a delivery is on the order of 15 tons, but will vary based on the tare weight of the vehicle used. Alaska Pellet Supply, LLC provided a budgetary quote of approximately $375/ton delivered into a storage bin that can accept a full 15 ton delivery. Once pellets are delivered into the onsite storage bin, they are automatically delivered to the pellet boiler through either an auger system or pneumatically. Wood Briquettes Viking Lumber Company, Inc. is located approximately 3 miles from the Center, and manufactures wood briquettes at its facility in Klawock. The briquettes have the following characteristics, and an advertisement sheet is provided in Appendix D. ~8% moisture content For the purposes of this report it is assumed that the higher heating value of the briquettes is 15.2 mmBtu/ton, but this value will vary some depending on moisture and species (the cut sheet lists a range of 15 18 mmBtu/ton) ~3 lbs/brick, and each brick is approximately 2”x 3” x 9” o This is approximately 23,000 Btu/brick based on the assumed heating value of 15.2 mmBtu/ton Palletized dimensions are 40”H x 40”W x 48”D for unboxed pallet (~1 ton) – ~672 briquettes Viking Lumber maintains an inventory of the briquettes, and can potentially provide storage of capacity onsite for purchasers if requested. The stated cost per ton of pellets is $200. Delivery could be made through truck and forklift rental. It is assumed that two 10 pallet flat deliveries could be completed in a day, and an assumed day rental rate of a truck and towed forklift is $720. The total delivered cost per ton would be approximately $236. It is recommended that onsite storage be sized to allow just over 20 tons (20 pallets) to be stored to allow for delivery costs to be minimized. Once the pallets were onsite, they would be handled by a hand pallet truck from the storage through the two double doors and into the boiler room. It is envisioned a whole or partial pallet load could be handled over the door threshold(s) with fabrication of a small shallow sloped ramp. A pallet truck can be purchased for approximately $400. Table 1 summarizes the cost per mmBtu of output for wood fuels evaluated and for fuel oil. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 7 of 18 Table 1 – Fuel Pricing and Cost per mmBtu Fuel, Unit Cost per Unit Input Heating Value, mmBtu per Unit Estimated Boiler Efficiency Boiler Output Heating Cost, $/mmBtu Wood Briquettes $236.00 15.2 75% $20.70 Wood Pellets, Ton $375.00 15.2 80% $30.84 #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon $3.00 0.138 80% $27.17 Note: 1 Input heating value assumes 8% moisture content wet basis for wood pellets with an average High Heating Value of 8,255 Btu/lb of bone dry wood based on a mixture of Sitka Spruce (8,100 Btu/lb) and Western Hemlock (8,410 Btu/lb) 1. 4.0 PROPOSED BIOMASS SYSTEM OPTIONS Two options for using high efficiency, low emission biomass systems are evaluated for heating the Klawock Senior Center. The Center has space to fit one boiler firing on wood pellets or wood briquettes and hot water thermal storage in the existing boiler room. Option 1 considers a boiler system that would fire on wood pellets. Option 2 considers a boiler system that would fire on wood briquettes. 4.1.1 Option 1: 190,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System One advanced wood pellet boiler sized at approximately 0.19 mmBtu/hr of heat output would be combined with approximately 200 gallons of thermal storage to efficiently meet the range of heating needs. The wood pellet system’s most efficient range of operation would be from ~0.04 to ~0.19 mmBtu/hr. In this range the boiler would be modulating to meet the heating demand. Below this range, the boiler would be expected to cycle to meet the demand. The hot water thermal storage would be heated to a preset temperature (typically 195°F) that is higher than the temperature distributed for building heat. A 3 way mixing valve would be used to blend hot water in the tank with cooler return water from the Center to maintain a range of supply water temperatures (160°F – 190°F) determined by an outside air temperature or seasonal reset schedule. The storage would also allow the boiler to operate efficiently to provide summer domestic hot water heating. The storage could hold up to approximately 88,000 Btu for domestic water heating. This allows the pellet boiler to fire for a period of approximately 30 minutes within its efficient firing range to charge the storage during the periods where there is no other demand. The heat in the storage is then used to provide domestic hot water needs, until the temperature drops to ~140 oF and the system has to fire to charge it once more. 1 Avery, Robert B., Funck, James W., & Wilson, Pamela L. (2010).Fuelwood Characteristics of Northwestern Conifers and Hardwoods (updated). Portland, Or.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 8 of 18 The wood pellet boiler, metering bin, thermal storage tank, valves, fittings, and boiler pump would be installed in the existing boiler room. A fuel storage bin capable of holding ~30 tons of wood pellets would be located next to the building to accept bulk deliveries of wood pellets pneumatically or with an auger truck. It is envision that a specially constructed bin would be constructed for this application instead of using a silo. This would be needed to keep from obstructing the views from the windows of the Senior Center. Wood pellets would be automatically transferred using a flexible auger or pneumatic hose from the storage bin to a metering bin that feeds the wood pellet boiler. The wood pellet boiler will heat the hot water thermal storage system located in the existing boiler room. The hot water thermal storage will tie in with the existing heating distribution pipes. The existing fuel oil fired heating boilers would remain to supplement the biomass system during periods of maintenance and if the heating demand is outside the operating range of the biomass system. Biomass system heat output metering would be accomplished through a BTU meter package that includes a calculating unit, temperature sensor pair, and flow meter. The calculating unit would provide display of total energy and flow as well as instantaneous values. The unit would also be capable of providing analog or serial output to the monitoring system as discussed in the June 2015 Klawock Senior Center Energy Assessment Technical Memorandum by Alaska Energy Engineers. Appendix A contains a conceptual plan and schematic for the biomass system. Figure 4 shows the estimated wood pellet system coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve. THRHA has experience installing the type of wood pellet boiler discussed in this report. The vendor THRHA is experienced with is Maine Energy Systems, and a cut sheet on their boiler is attached. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 9 of 18 Figure 4 – Estimated Wood Pellet System Coverage of Load Duration Curve Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. Potential coverage of ~99% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of loads, down time for maintenance, and the use of thermal storage. Figure 4 shows potential for ~99% biomass coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are shut down for maintenance. This report assumes 95% coverage of fuel oil usage for estimating the potential fuel use and savings for this document. 4.1.2 Option 2: 170,000 Btu/hr Wood Briquette System An advanced combustion unit and hot water boiler capable of firing on wood briquettes sized at approximately 170,000 Btu/hr of heat output is evaluated. The exact size would depend on the manufacturer/equipment line selected. The boiler would be combined with approximately 800 gallons of thermal storage to efficiently meet the Center’s range of heating needs. Note that this system would have the flexibility to use seasoned cord wood if that were a more cost effective fuel. The existing oil boilers would remain in place as backup, and to provide coverage of demands outside the operating range of the wood system. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 10 of 18 Note that there are several manufactures of manually fed solid wood boilers that will accommodate wood briquettes or bio bricks in their equipment. Some key options for the equipment to optimize efficiency and the range of loads that can be met are lambda control of the combustion process, and the ability to modulate the firing rate down to 50% of the boiler’s rated output. Options that provide for automated feeding of wood briquettes that are widely commercially available were not able to be identified, and the boilers identified would need to be loaded manually. The wood boiler, thermal storage tank, valves, fittings, and boiler pump would be installed in the existing boiler room. A fuel storage building bin capable of holding ~20 tons (20 pallets) of wood briquettes would be constructed. This is anticipated to be a simple stick framed building of about 500 ft 2. Once the pallets were onsite, they would be handled by a hand pallet truck from the storage through the two sets of double doors and into the boiler room. It is envisioned a whole or partial pallet load could be handled over the door threshold(s) with fabrication of a small shallow sloped ramp. Wood briquettes would staged in or adjacent to the boiler room to allow ease of daily loading. The wood boiler will heat the hot water thermal storage system located in the existing boiler room. The hot water thermal storage will tie in with the existing heating distribution pipes. The existing fuel oil fired heating boilers would remain to supplement the biomass system during periods of maintenance and if the heating demand is outside the operating range of the biomass system. Biomass system heat output metering would be accomplished through a BTU meter package that includes a calculating unit, temperature sensor pair, and flow meter. The calculating unit would provide display of total energy and flow as well as instantaneous values. The unit would also be capable of providing analog or serial output to the monitoring system as discussed in the June 2015 Klawock Senior Center Energy Assessment Technical Memorandum by Alaska Energy Engineers. Appendix A contains a conceptual plan and schematic for the biomass system. Discussion of Boiler Loading and Operations Manually loaded systems operate efficiently when they convert all of the energy stored in the wood loaded into the firebox in one continuous firing at over 50% of the boilers rated capacity. Some systems have the ability to modulate the firing rate, which is beneficial for matching lower loads, but it is not recommended that firing be modulated to below 50% of the boiler’s rated capacity. The hot water thermal storage will provide a place to store the heat from the rapid and efficient firing cycle when the building’s demand does not match the boiler’s output. The heat stored in the tank will then be used on demand for building needs. It is important for the operator to gauge how much wood fuel to charge the fire box with based on expected heat load and available capacity in the storage tank. As an example, summer usage when there is no space heating demand is estimated to require approximately 0.45 mmBtu/day. The 800 gallon thermal storage tank(s) could hold approximately 0.35 mmBtu, and the Superstore tanks can hold up to 0.125 mmBtu. Thus, between the two tank sets, there is approximately enough storage for one day’s worth of domestic hot water demand. The full day’s demand would require an input of approximately 0.6 mmBtu of wood assuming a conversion efficiency of 0.75. The firebox of the boiler models in the size range evaluated are on the order of 7 8 ft 3. One wood briquette is approximately Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 11 of 18 0.03 ft 3, weighs 3 lbs, and provides 23,000 Btu (HHV) of input energy. With a loading pattern that provides adequate air space, it would be possible to load almost 3.0 mmBtu of energy into the firebox. Comparing the firebox capacity to the daily summer demand and the heat storage capacity shows that fully loading the firebox would result in a situation where demand would be fully satisfied, while there was still the equivalent of 4 more days of energy in the firebox. This would result in smoldering, and inefficient combustion. The recommended approach would be for the operator to check the temperature of the thermal storage, and input the number of bricks needed to match the thermal storage capacity plus some recharge of the superstore tanks matching ongoing demand. A total of ~25 bricks would match the estimated total DHW demand for an average day. It is anticipated that 1 to 2 small loadings matching the storage availability during the day would be required during the summer. During the higher demand periods of the year, a fully loaded fire box would provide on the order of 50 80% of the daily heating demand. This means that 2 3 loadings per day would be required. Depending on staff availability for loadings, it may be difficult to cover the day’s full demand, and the existing oil boilers would kick in to provide heating as necessary. Figure 5 shows the potential coverage of the daily average demand as nearly all of the annual demand. However, given the requirements for loading, it is assumed that 80% of the annual demand will be met by the wood briquettes. The existing fuel oil system will supplement the wood boiler during peak loads, low loads, and during periods of maintenance. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are shut down for maintenance. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 12 of 18 Figure 5 – Estimated Wood Briquette System Coverage of Load Duration Curve Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. Potential coverage of the vast majority of the demand is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of loads and the use of thermal storage, and 80% coverage is assumed given the manual loading requirements of the boiler. There are currently a limited number of manufacturers who offer an ASME rated manually fed boiler with the ability to modulate based on lambda control or stack temperature. Further, new EPA rules for emissions of hydronic heaters in this size range have resulted in manufactures discontinuing certain lines/sizes of equipment due to added testing costs required to certify the equipment. For some manufacturers, this has resulted in discontinuing smaller (~0.1 mmBtu/hr) ASME rated options than shown here, which used to be available. An open non pressurized system could be utilized with a non ASME rated boiler to heat the system with piping and control modifications, and this approach would increase the number of vendors available. The non ASME rated boiler transfers heat to the existing pressurized system via a heat exchanger, and there are some key considerations on the hydronics and building permit side when using the non ASME rated options. These include: Cost effective heat exchanger design will reduce the temperature that can be delivered on the pressure side of the system by about 5 °F, and there are upfront and Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 13 of 18 maintenance cost considerations for adding the heat exchanger and an additional circulation pump. An open vent tank is required, and water levels and water quality needs to be monitored closely with an open system. Some imported boilers also do not have a UL listing, and local code officials would need to be comfortable accepting European certifications on the electronics. o Note that some imported models require 50 hz, and care should be taken to understand the electrical requirements for the boilers. Appendix D provides cut sheets on an ASME rated option (Econoburn) and a non ASME rated option (Froiling) for this boiler system. The vendors of each system identified have experience with utilizing wood briquettes with similar specifications in their equipment. These vendors offered to run a test burn of the specific product if it is shipped to their facilities. This is not a complete list of potential vendors, and those identified here are selected to provide examples of both ASME and non ASME options. 5.0 BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS Capital Costs Capital costs are estimated for each option based on recent quotations and bids provided by boiler manufacturers and recent bids for similar projects. These costs include the fuel storage and handling system, biomass combustion unit, boiler, accessory equipment, installation, integration with the existing heating and domestic hot water systems, professional fees, and contingency. The estimated capital costs for each Option are listed in Table 2. Tables showing the cost breakdowns are found in Appendix B. Table 2 – Estimated Project Capital Costs Option Estimated Capital Cost 1 – Wood Pellet System $116,380 2 – Wood Briquette System $113,471 O&M Costs Since it is assumed the existing fuel oil boilers would be retained and continue to be maintained, most of the costs for O&M of the wood boilers would be additional. One cost that would not be directly additional is electric use since the oil boilers would not fire as often. For the purposes of this report, this is ignored given that it is a small cost and this results in a measure of conservatism when comparing the wood options to the existing fuel oil system . It is assumed that existing staff would coordinate fuel deliveries, empty ash bins, check on the system, and in the case of the briquette option, load the boiler. Ash removal costs have been estimated at $70 per ton of ash and $220 per container delivery. Wood ash can be used as a direct replacement for lime and costs for removal could be reduced if it is used as a soil amendment on facility grounds or other locations. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 14 of 18 An increase in electricity use would occur from the circulation pumps, combustion fans, and fuel handling system (wood pellet only). Electricity costs using a price of $0.22/ kWh have been estimated considering motors for pumps, augers, and fans for the wood pellet system and motors for pumps and fans for the wood briquette system. Annual operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are estimated for each option and are listed in Table 3. Table 3 – Estimated Annual O&M Costs Task/Item Option 1 Option 2 Electricity $650 $570 Ash Removal $240 $234 Annual Service $1,000 $1,000 Additional Labor Hours (no staff increase/cost assumed) 109 531 Totals $1,890 $1,804 Note: 1 Electricity costs are estimated at $0.22/kW. 2 Ash removal costs are estimated at $70/ton and $220 per container delivery. Ash generation is estimated at 0.5% by weight for wood pellets and briquettes. Ash is a valuable product that can be used a soil amendment and costs for removal could be mitigated if used as such. 3 Annual service is assumed to include burner plate and combustion area cleanings, boiler tunings, and wear part replacement. This service may be performed by THRHA staff or by outside service technicians as appropriate. Even though it is not anticipated that additional staff would not be hired, there would be significant additional staff time for system operation, particularly in the case of the wood briquette option, and there is a cost associated with this. Table 4 provides an estimate of the weekly and annual man hours for operation of each system. If a value of $20/hr is used for additional staff time, the added staff time would cost $2,260 for the wood pellet option and $10,620 for the wood briquette option. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 15 of 18 Table 4 – Estimated Weekly and Annual Labor Hours for Each Option Task Wood Pellets Wood Briquettes Weekly Man Hours Annual Man Hours Weekly Man Hours Annual Man Hours Heating Season (assume 40 weeks) Ash removal 1 40 1 40 Periodic observation 1 40 1 40 Delivery coordination NA 10 NA 15 Fuel handling/loading 8.75 350 Total 90 445 Summer Season (assume 12 weeks) Ash removal 0.5 6 0.5 6 Periodic observation 1 12 1 12 Delivery coordination NA 5 NA 5 Fuel handling/loading 5.25 63 Total 23 86 Totals 113 531 Notes: The assumed time per week over and above current fuel oil boiler plant tasks is listed along with the annual value. For delivery coordination, it is assumed there would be 3 deliveries of wood pellets annually (~15 tons each), and 4 deliveries of wood briquettes annually (~10 tons each).The wood pellet option has automated fuel handling and loading once the pellets are onsite. The largest share of hours for either option is associated with onsite handling and loading of the wood briquette boiler. The assumed duration is 0.5 hrs per loading, and it is assumed there would be 2.5 loadings per day 7 days per week in the heating season, and 1.5 loadings per day 7 days per week in the summer season. It is anticipated that pallets would be staged adjacent to the wood boilers using a hand pallet truck to move them from the outside storage to the staging area. Annual operating savings are estimated considering fuel costs and O&M costs. Table 5 shows the estimated annual operating savings for each option. Note that these annual savings are driven by volatile oil prices. As recently as 2014, the fuel oil price was $4.13/gallon. This is ~38% higher than the current price of $3.00/gallon. Tables 6 and 7 present a sensitivity analysis of the annual operating savings for each option to fuel prices. Table 5 – Estimated Annual Operating Savings Option Current Annual Fuel Oil Cost Estimated Annual Biomass Cost Estimated Annual Fuel Oil Cost with Biomass System Estimated Additional Annual O&M Costs Estimated Annual Savings 1 – Wood Pellet System $15,000 $16,500 $750 $1,890 $4,140 2 – Wood Briquette System $15,000 $9,204 $3,000 $1,804 $992 Notes: Estimated additional O&M costs do not include increased labor hours for existing THRHA staff since it is assumed that no new staff would be hired with the addition of the above options. Table 4 presents the estimated annual increase in labor hours for each system, and the labor hours are particularly substantial for the wood briquette option. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 16 of 18 Table 5 – Sensitivity of Option 1 to Wood Pellet and Fuel Oil Pricing Price of Fuel Oil per Gallon $ (4,140)$2.50 $3.00 $3.50 $4.00 $4.13 $5.00 $5.50 $6.00 Price of Wood Pellets perTon$300 ($3,215) ($840) $1,535 $3,910 $4,528 $8,660 $11,035 $13,410 $325 ($4,315) ($1,940) $435 $2,810 $3,428 $7,560 $9,935 $12,310 $350 ($5,415) ($3,040) ($665) $1,710 $2,328 $6,460 $8,835 $11,210 $375 ($6,515)($4,140) ($1,765) $610 $1,228 $5,360 $7,735 $10,110 $400 ($7,615) ($5,240) ($2,865) ($490) $128 $4,260 $6,635 $9,010 $425 ($8,715) ($6,340) ($3,965) ($1,590) ($973) $3,160 $5,535 $7,910 $450 ($9,815) ($7,440) ($5,065) ($2,690) ($2,073) $2,060 $4,435 $6,810 Notes: The shaded value shows the result from the values assumed in this document. All other variables are kept static as these fuel prices are varied when developing the table. The 2014 cost of fuel oil was $4.13/gallon, and this value is specifically shown to allow comparison to current (December 2015)pricing. Table 6 – Sensitivity of Option 2 to Wood Briquette and Fuel Oil Pricing Price of Fuel Oil per Gallon $ 992 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 $4.13 $4.50 $5.00 $5.50 $6.00 Price of Wood Briquettesper Ton $150 $2,346 $4,346 $6,346 $8,866 $10,346 $12,346 $14,346 $16,346 $175 $1,371 $3,371 $5,371 $7,891 $9,371 $11,371 $13,371 $15,371 $200 $396 $2,396 $4,396 $6,916 $8,396 $10,396 $12,396 $14,396 $236 ($1,008)$992 $2,992 $5,512 $6,992 $8,992 $10,992 $12,992 $250 ($1,554) $446 $2,446 $4,966 $6,446 $8,446 $10,446 $12,446 $275 ($2,529) ($529) $1,471 $3,991 $5,471 $7,471 $9,471 $11,471 $300 ($3,504) ($1,504) $496 $3,016 $4,496 $6,496 $8,496 $10,496 Notes: The shaded value shows the result from the values assumed in this document. All other variables are kept static as these fuel prices are varied when developing the table. The 2014 cost of fuel oil was $4.13/gallon, and this value is specifically shown to allow comparison to current (December 2015) pricing. A benefits summary is listed in Table 6 showing the estimated capital cost, 1 st year net operating savings, simple payback, 20 year sum of annual cash flow present values, and 20 Year Benefits to Cost (B/C) ratio. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 17 of 18 Table 6 – Cost and Benefit Summary Option Estimated Capital Cost 1st Year Net Annual Operating Savings Simple Payback, Years Present Value of Annual Cash Flows, 20 yrs 20 Year B/C Ratio 1 – Wood Pellet System $116,380 $4,140 NA ($205,999) (0.62) 2 – Wood Briquette System $113,471 $992 114.3 ($101,339) 0.23 Notes: 1 Net Annual Operating Savings include costs for wood fuel, supplemental fossil fuel, and operation & maintenance (O&M) costs. 2 20 Year Benefit/Cost (B/C) Ratio is calculated by dividing the present value of net annual operating savings over a 20 year period with a discount rate of 3.0% by the Estimated Capital Cost. A value greater than 1 means the benefits exceed the costs over a 20 year period. A cash flow analysis was completed for financing the projects assuming a 20 year financing term at a 4.0% interest rate. Neither of the Options had a positive first year cash flow after annual payments. The detailed analyses are shown in Appendix C. Table 7 lists the assumptions and values used to develop costs and savings in this report. Table 7 – Assumptions and Values Used in the Report Item Value Unit Source Klawock Senior Center annual #1 fuel oil use 5,000 gallons THRHA Option 1 portion of fuel oil replaced 95% Estimated Option 2 portion of fuel oil replaced 80% Estimated #1 Fuel oil heat content 0.138 mmBtu/gal Assumption Wood pellet energy content (HHV) 15.2 mmBtu/ton Assumption Wood briquette energy content (HHV) 15.2 mmBtu/ton Assumption #1 Fuel oil boiler efficiency (HHV) 80% Assumption Wood pellet boiler efficiency (HHV) 80% Assumption Wood briquette boiler efficiency (HHV) 75% Assumption #1 Fuel oil price $3.00 $/gallon THRHA Dec 2015 Electricity price $0.22 $/kWh THRHA Wood pellet price $375.00 $/ton Budget quote Wood briquette price $236.00 $/ton Budget quote handling added Discount rate 3.0% NISTIR 85 3273 28 #1 Fuel oil inflation rate 3.3% Assumption Wood pellet inflation rate 3.0% Assumption O&M inflation rate 3.0% Assumption Wood briquette inflation rate 3.0% Assumption Financing term 20 yrs Assumption Financing rate 4.0% Assumption Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Page 18 of 18 6.0 SUMMARY This report compares two high efficiency, low emission wood energy options for replacing fuel oil use for space heating and domestic hot water heating at the Klawock Senior Center. The first option would use wood pellets provided through bulk deliveries from mills either located in Southeast Alaska, the lower 48, or Canada. The second option would use wood briquettes produced at Viking Lumber Company which is approximately 3 miles away and also in Klawock. Note that the second option could also use locally sourced seasoned cord wood if wood briquettes become unavailable at some point in the life of the project. The wood pellet option does not provide annual energy or operating savings based on the current low price of oil at $3.00 per gallon. Wood pellet prices would need to be below $300/ton before annual operating savings would be seen at this fuel oil price. The wood briquette option does provide annual energy savings of approximately $1,000 at the current oil pricing. However, with a project cost of approximately $115,000, the payback of a system is very long at current energy pricing. Using 2014 oil pricing, the payback of the system assuming no grant funding would drop to approximately 20 years and provide a slightly positive cash flow with 20 yr financing. The clean and efficient use of wood fuel at the facility would provide the following environmental and social benefits: Purchase of wood briquettes would immediately impact the local economy since the fuel is produced by a local mill Purchase of wood pellets would impact the regional economy, with wood pellet production from one provider currently operational in Ketchikan, AK Decreased dependence on fuel oil by replacing up to 4,750 gallons of oil with renewable biomass fuel Net reduction of up to 48 metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions annually Reduction of up to 65 lbs of sulfur dioxide annually A hedge against the volatility of the fossil fuel market Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Appendix A Conceptual Drawings SCALE0'5'ThermalStorageBiomass BoilerExistingBoilersExistingExisitng BuildingCenter Trough with AugerWESEE To ExistingHeating SystemBoilerThermalTo LoadTTLegendHeating SystemTTTTTTTTSerial or AnalogSystemWESEE SCALE0' 5'ThermalStorageBiomass BoilerExistingBoilersStorage 25'x20'ExistingExisitng BuildingWESEE To ExistingHeating SystemTo LoadTTLegendHeating SystemTTTTBoilerThermalTTTTSerial or AnalogSystemWESEE Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Appendix B Preliminary Capital Cost Estimates Option 1 – Wood Pellet Boiler Option 2 – Wood Briquette Boiler Appendix B Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Line Item Cost One (1)190,000 Btu/hr wood pellet hot water boiler package, freight 27,500$ ~30 ton storage bin with bottom extraction 25,500$ Thermal storage 200 gal with insulation, freight 4,000$ Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 7,500$ BTU metering 6,500$ Electrical 4,500$ Mechanical 4,500$ Sub Total 80,000$ Contractor Profit 10% 8,000$ Sub Total 88,000$ Contingency 15% 13,200$ Sub Total 101,200$ Professional Services 15% 15,180$ Total 116,380$ Notes: 5 Estimate is based on competitive bidding. Option 1 Conceptual Cost Estimate Klawock Senior Center Wood Pellet Boiler System 1 The boiler system is to be installed in the existing boiler room. Pricing is based on a one boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to 4 Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. 2 Integration of the boiler itself with the DDC system is not envisioned to ensure simplicity of system operation unless the existing DDC system is overhauled to allow daily use by onsite staff. Integration of the injection from the thermal storage may be done independently of the DDC system as well, but it will be critical that existing fuel oil boiler setpoints/calls for firing are able to be adjusted, and this will likely require interface with the DDC system. Integration of the biomass system with the DDC system may increase project costs. 3 Metering line item covers the cost of a BTU meter package that provides display of total energy and flow values as well as instantaneous values. The meter package would also be capable of providing either analog or serial outputs to an overall building energy metering package or DDC system. This would allow integration with the monitoring package as detailed in the June 2015 Technical Memorandum by Alaska Energy Engineering. Appendix B Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Line Item Cost One (1)170,000 Btu/hr ASME rated cord wood boiler package, freight 19,000$ Stick frame storage building with poured concrete floor, 500 ft 2 @ $50/ft 2 25,000$ Thermal storage 800 gal with insulation and shipping 10,000$ Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 7,500$ BTU metering 6,500$ Electrical 5,000$ Mechanical 5,000$ Sub Total 78,000$ Contractor Profit 10% 7,800$ Sub Total 85,800$ Contingency 15% 12,870$ Sub Total 98,670$ Professional Services 15% 14,801$ Total 113,471$ Notes: 5 Estimate is based on competitive bidding. Option 2 Conceptual Cost Estimate Klawock Senior Center Wood Briquette Boiler System 1 The boiler system is to be installed in the existing boiler room. Pricing is based on a one boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected. 4 Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. 2 Integration of the boiler itself with the DDC system is not envisioned to ensure simplicity of system operation unless the existing DDC system is overhauled to allow daily use by onsite staff. Integration of the injection from the thermal storage may be done independently of the DDC system as well, but it will be critical that existing fuel oil boiler setpoints/calls for firing are able to be adjusted, and this will likely require interface with the DDC system. Integration of the biomass system with the DDC system may increase project costs. 3 Metering line item covers the cost of a BTU meter package that provides display of total energy and flow values as well as instantaneous values. The meter package would also be capable of providing either analog or serial outputs to an overall building energy metering package or DDC system. This would allow integration with the monitoring package as detailed in the June 2015 Technical Memorandum by Alaska Energy Engineering. Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Appendix C 20 Year Financing at 4% APR Cash Flow Analysis Option 1 – Wood Pellet Boiler Option 2 – Wood Briquette Boiler Appendix COption 1Klawock Senior Center Wood Pellet Boiler System20 Year, 4% FinancingTlingitHaida Regional Housing AuthorityInput Variables Value Units Year#1 Fuel OilCost, CurrentSystemWood PelletCost#1 Fuel OilCost, w/WoodSystemAddedO&M CostNetOperatingSavingsAnnualFinancingPaymentNet CashFlowPresent Valueof Cash FlowProject Costs Financed 116,380$ 1 15,000$ (16,500)$ (750)$ (1,890)$ (4,140)$ (8,563)$ (12,703)$ (12,703)$Financing Term 20 # years 2 15,495$ (16,995)$ (775)$ (1,947)$ (4,221)$ (8,563)$ (12,785)$ (12,413)$Financing Rate (apr) 4.0% Percent 3 16,006$ (17,505)$ (800)$ (2,005)$ (4,304)$ (8,563)$ (12,867)$ (12,129)$Current #1 Fuel Oil Usage5,000 gal 4 16,535$ (18,030)$ (827)$ (2,065)$ (4,387)$ (8,563)$ (12,951)$ (11,852)$Year 1 #1 Fuel Oil Average Price $3.00 $/gal 5 17,080$ (18,571)$ (854)$ (2,127)$ (4,472)$ (8,563)$ (13,035)$ (11,582)$Proposed Annual Wood Pellet Usage 44 tons/yr 6 17,644$ (19,128)$ (882)$ (2,191)$ (4,557)$ (8,563)$ (13,121)$ (11,318)$Year 1 Wood Pellet Purchase Price $375 $/ton 7 18,226$ (19,702)$ (911)$ (2,257)$ (4,644)$ (8,563)$ (13,207)$ (11,061)$Annual #1 Fuel Oil Usage w/ Wood System 250 gal/yr 8 18,828$ (20,293)$ (941)$ (2,324)$ (4,731)$ (8,563)$ (13,295)$ (10,810)$Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr) 3.3% Percent 9 19,449$ (20,902)$ (972)$ (2,394)$ (4,819)$ (8,563)$ (13,383)$ (10,565)$Wood Pellet Inflation Rate (apr) 3.0% Percent 10 20,091$ (21,529)$ (1,005)$ (2,466)$ (4,909)$ (8,563)$ (13,472)$ (10,325)$O&M Inflation Rate 3.0% Percent 11 20,754$ (22,175)$ (1,038)$ (2,540)$ (4,999)$ (8,563)$ (13,562)$ (10,091)$Discount Rate (apr) 3.0% Percent 12 21,439$ (22,840)$ (1,072)$ (2,616)$ (5,089)$ (8,563)$ (13,653)$ (9,863)$Added Annual O&M Costs for Biomass Plant 1,890$ $/yr 13 22,146$ (23,525)$ (1,107)$ (2,695)$ (5,181)$ (8,563)$ (13,744)$ (9,640)$14 22,877$ (24,231)$ (1,144)$ (2,776)$ (5,273)$ (8,563)$ (13,837)$ (9,422)$15 23,632$ (24,958)$ (1,182)$ (2,859)$ (5,366)$ (8,563)$ (13,930)$ (9,209)$16 24,412$ (25,706)$ (1,221)$ (2,945)$ (5,460)$ (8,563)$ (14,023)$ (9,001)$17 25,217$ (26,478)$ (1,261)$ (3,033)$ (5,554)$ (8,563)$ (14,118)$ (8,798)$18 26,049$ (27,272)$ (1,302)$ (3,124)$ (5,649)$ (8,563)$ (14,212)$ (8,599)$19 26,909$ (28,090)$ (1,345)$ (3,218)$ (5,744)$ (8,563)$ (14,308)$ (8,404)$20 27,797$ (28,933)$ (1,390)$ (3,314)$ (5,840)$ (8,563)$ (14,403)$ (8,214)$Sum of Present Values (205,999)$ Appendix COption 2Klawock Senior CenterWood Briquette Boiler System20 Year, 4% FinancingTlingitHaida Regional Housing AuthorityInput Variables Value Units Year#1 Fuel OilCost, CurrentSystemWoodBriquetteCost#1 Fuel OilCost, w/WoodSystemAddedO&M CostNetOperatingSavingsAnnualFinancingPaymentNet CashFlowPresent Valueof Cash FlowProject Costs Financed 113,471 $ 1 15,000$ (9,204)$ (3,000)$ (1,804)$ 992$ (8,349)$ (7,357)$ (7,357)$Financing Term 20 # years 2 15,495$ (9,480)$ (3,099)$ (1,858)$ 1,058$ (8,349)$ (7,291)$ (7,079)$Financing Rate (apr) 4.0% Percent 3 16,006$ (9,765)$ (3,201)$ (1,913)$ 1,127$ (8,349)$ (7,222)$ (6,808)$Current #1 Fuel Oil Usage5,000 gal 4 16,535$ (10,057)$ (3,307)$ (1,971)$ 1,199$ (8,349)$ (7,150)$ (6,543)$Year 1 #1 Fuel Oil Average Price $3.00 $/gal 5 17,080$ (10,359)$ (3,416)$ (2,030)$ 1,275$ (8,349)$ (7,074)$ (6,286)$Proposed Annual Wood Briquette Usage 39 tons/yr 6 17,644$ (10,670)$ (3,529)$ (2,091)$ 1,354$ (8,349)$ (6,995)$ (6,034)$Year 1 Wood Briquette Purchase Price $236 $/ton 7 18,226$ (10,990)$ (3,645)$ (2,154)$ 1,437$ (8,349)$ (6,912)$ (5,789)$Annual #1 Fuel Oil Usage w/ Wood System 1,000 gal/yr 8 18,828$ (11,320)$ (3,766)$ (2,218)$ 1,524$ (8,349)$ (6,825)$ (5,550)$Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr) 3.3% Percent 9 19,449$ (11,659)$ (3,890)$ (2,285)$ 1,615$ (8,349)$ (6,734)$ (5,316)$Cord Wood Inflation Rate (apr) 3.0% Percent 10 20,091$ (12,009)$ (4,018)$ (2,353)$ 1,710$ (8,349)$ (6,639)$ (5,088)$O&M Inflation Rate 3.0% Percent 11 20,754$ (12,369)$ (4,151)$ (2,424)$ 1,810$ (8,349)$ (6,540)$ (4,866)$Discount Rate (apr) 3.0% Percent 12 21,439$ (12,740)$ (4,288)$ (2,497)$ 1,914$ (8,349)$ (6,436)$ (4,649)$Added Annual O&M Costs for Biomass Plant 1,804$ $/yr 13 22,146$ (13,123)$ (4,429)$ (2,572)$ 2,023$ (8,349)$ (6,327)$ (4,438)$14 22,877$ (13,516)$ (4,575)$ (2,649)$ 2,136$ (8,349)$ (6,213)$ (4,231)$15 23,632$ (13,922)$ (4,726)$ (2,728)$ 2,255$ (8,349)$ (6,094)$ (4,029)$16 24,412$ (14,340)$ (4,882)$ (2,810)$ 2,380$ (8,349)$ (5,970)$ (3,832)$17 25,217$ (14,770)$ (5,043)$ (2,894)$ 2,510$ (8,349)$ (5,840)$ (3,639)$18 26,049$ (15,213)$ (5,210)$ (2,981)$ 2,646$ (8,349)$ (5,704)$ (3,451)$19 26,909$ (15,669)$ (5,382)$ (3,071)$ 2,787$ (8,349)$ (5,562)$ (3,267)$20 27,797$ (16,139)$ (5,559)$ (3,163)$ 2,936$ (8,349)$ (5,414)$ (3,087)$Sum of Present Values (101,339)$ Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Appendix D Wood Fuel Specifications Pellet Fuels Institute wood pellet standards Viking Lumber Company’s wood briquette spec sheet Residential/Commercial Densified Fuel Standards See notes 1-6 Fuel Property PFI Premium PFI Standard PFI Utility Normative Information - Mandatory Bulk Density, lb./cubic foot 40.0 - 48.0 38.0 - 48.0 38.0 - 48.0 Diameter, inches 0.230 - 0.285 0.230 - 0.285 0.230 - 0.285 Diameter, mm 5.84 - 7.25 5.84 - 7.25 5.84 - 7.25 Pellet Durability Index Fines, % (at the mill gate) Inorganic Ash, % Length, % greater than 1.50 inches Moisture, % Chloride, ppm Heating Value N/A N/A N/A Informative Only - Not Mandatory Ash Fusion N/A N/A N/A Biomass Options Comparison Date: December 15, 2015 Klawock Senior Center Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Appendix E Advanced Wood Boiler Cut Sheets Maine Energy Systems wood pellet boiler Econoburn ASME rated wood briquette / cord wood boiler Froling wood briquette / cord wood boiler Froling FHG-L 1-800-782-9927 Version 07-10 Tarm Biomass · 4 Britton Lane · Lyme, NH 03768 FHG-L Models 20, 30, 40, and 50 Technical Datasheet FrÖling FHG-L The FHG-L is a patented, wood-fired gasifi- cation boiler available in two sizes with out- puts from 70,000-170,700 Btu/hr. Benefits at a Glance: Add on to your existing fossil-fuel-fired or electric heating system Can be used with hot water baseboard, radiant floor, or hot air systems. Overall efficiencies of over 80%. Clean burn with virtually no smoke or creosote. Large easily accessible firebox. Smoke-free loading. Easy to clean manual; turbulators for heat exchanger tubes. Covered by a 20-year limited warranty. Froling FHG-L 1-800-782-9927 Version 07-10 Tarm Biomass · 4 Britton Lane · Lyme, NH 03768 Boiler Information Boiler Overview 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. Exhaust Stack 2. Lambdatronic S 3200 control 3. Fuel loading door 4. Insulating door for reduced heat radiation 5. Pre-heating chamber 6. Combustion chamber door 7. Combustion chamber 8. Side cleaning port door 9. Server-controlled primary and secondary air dampers 10. Heat Exchangers 11. Firebox 12. Draft Fan 13. Lever for heat exchanger cleaning system Froling FHG-L 1-800-782-9927 Version 07-10 Tarm Biomass · 4 Britton Lane · Lyme, NH 03768 Specification Data 2 Component Units FHG 20 FHG 30 FHG 40 FHG 50 Depth-Boiler-Total inches 45.25 45.5 49.5 49.5 Width-Boiler-Total inches 22.75 22.75 22.75 22.75 Height-Boiler-Total inches 61.75 62 65.75 65.75 Flue Collar Diameter inches 6 6 6 6 Rated Heat Output Btu/Hr 70,000 102,500 136,560 170,700 Heating Efficiency Range Btu/Hr 35,000-70,000 51,250-102,000 68,280-136,560 85,350-170,700 Electrical Connection V/Hz 240/60 240/60 240/60 240/60 Electrical Consumption W 180 180 180 180 Output Temperature Range ºF 158-194 158-194 158-194 159-194 Boiler Weight Pounds 1150 1150 1345 1345 Loading Door inches 13 X 14½ 13 X 14½ 13 X 14½ 13 X 14½ Firebox Volume Cu Ft 5 5 7.4 7.4 Wood Length inches 21 21 21 21 Water Contents Gallons 32 32 50 50 Upstream Resistance Psi .042 .094 .157 .245 Minimum Return Feed Temperature ºF 131 131 131 131 Maximum Operating Temperature ºF 203 203 203 203 Maximum Operating Pressure Psi 43.5 43.5 43.5 43.5 Permitted Fuel Firewood Firewood/Coarse Waste- Wood Firewood/Coarse Waste- Wood Firewood/Coarse Waste- Wood Boiler Test Pressure Psi 65 65 65 65 Flue Gas Temperature Rated Load/Partial Load ºF 303/203 329/212 311/214 253/223 Minimum Draft Required Rated Load/Partial Load Inch WC -0.060/-0.028 -0.060/-0.040 -0.072/-0.040 -0.072/-0.040 Froling FHG-L 1-800-782-9927 Version 07-10 Tarm Biomass · 4 Britton Lane · Lyme, NH 03768 Specification Data 3 Description Units FHG20/30 FHG40/50 H- Total Height of Boiler inches 56 60 H1-Height of Flue Gas Pipe Connection inches 60¼ 64 H2-Height of Flue Gas Pipe Connection Including an Elbow inches 69 72¾ H3-Total Height of the Boiler Including the Controller inches 61¾ 65¾ H4-Height of Supply Feed Connection inches 50¼ 54 H5-Height of Return Feed Connection inches 5 5 B-Total Width of Boiler inches 22¾ 26¾ B1-Width Between Supply and Return Feed Connections inches 14 18 T-Boiler Total Depth inches 45½ 50¼ L1-Length of Induced Draft Fan inches 7 7 L2-Distance between center of Flue Pipe and Back of Boiler inches 4¼ 4¼ Froling FHG-L 1-800-782-9927 Version 07-10 Tarm Biomass · 4 Britton Lane · Lyme, NH 03768 Specification Data Boiler Clearances 4 Clearances to Combustibles Measurement FHG 20/30 FHG 40/50 A-Backwall to Appliance 21 21 B-Sidewall to Appliance 12-20 12-20 C-Boiler Depth 45½ 50¼ D-Boiler Width 22½ 27 E-Distance in Front of Boiler 32 32 Combustibles to Flue Pipe 18 18 Units inches inches inches inches inches inches A B C E D Froling FHG-L 1-800-782-9927 Version 07-10 Tarm Biomass · 4 Britton Lane · Lyme, NH 03768 System Design Considerations Sizing It is critical to size the boiler prop- erly. A proper, up to date heat load calculation is advised. An accurate history of building fuel usage over several years can help to calculate the proper size boiler. Be wary of using simple techniques based only on square footage. The heat load of a home can vary widely depending on age and type of heating system and location of the home. Boiler sizing is the responsibility of the installer. Tarm Biomass bears no responsibility for boiler sizing, but can provide sizing input. Chimney The chimney is the most critical factors in the successful operation of any solid fuel heater, including the FHG-L boiler. A good chimney will provide a continuous and de- pendable draft to pull the exhaust gasses out of the building. The boiler must be connected to a tile- lined masonry chimney or to a Fac- tory-Built Type UL 103 HT (ULC S629 in Canada) approved chim- ney. The chimney must be in good condition. If the boiler is connected to a dirty or inadequate chimney, it can present a serious fire hazard. All chimney connections must con- form to NFPA standard #211. No other appliance should be con- nected to this flue unless allowed by the local code authority. Consult your local inspector for chimney requirements and install the boiler in accordance with all applicable codes. The installation of a barometric damper (1) is recommended. The barometric damper should be mounted under the mouth of the flue gas pipe, since an under- pressure condition can always be found there. Outside Combustion Air Provision for outside combustion air may be necessary to ensure that fuel-burning appliances do not dis- charge products of combustion into the house. Guidelines to determine the need for additional combustion air may not be adequate for every situation. If in doubt, it is advisable to provide additional air. The FHG-L boiler is not suitable for direct connection to outside air. Outside air should be ducted to no closer than 12” from the boiler. The boiler must not be installed in an area or room where there are flammable liquids or combustibles. Examples include, refrigerants, paint, thinner, bleach, etc. Boiler Location The boiler is not suitable for out- door installation. It must be located in a weather-tight, protected space. The boiler must be placed on a level, non-combustible floor, such as a concrete slab on earth. If the boiler is placed near inhabited rooms, so that the flue gas can eas- ily penetrate into these rooms, a carbon monoxide alarm must be installed that can give a warning regarding possible escapes of car- bon monoxide into the inhabited rooms. Electrical For the FHG-L boiler a 240 VAC, 60 hertz, 4 wire power supply is required. This electrical connection should be from a dedicated 15 amp, circuit breaker. A master service switch for the boiler, mounted on the wall in the proximity of the boiler, is recommended. Locally enforced electrical codes must be followed. Water Quality If water quality is poor, water treat- ment should be considered. Boiler system pH should be 8.0-8.6. An anti-freeze can be utilized in areas where freezing could occur. Automotive or silicate-based anti- freeze cannot be used. Use only anti -freeze approved for heating sys- tems. Using anti-freeze can cause a loss in heating efficiency and some heating components within the sys- tem could be negatively impacted. System Plumbing For the heating system piping, it is possible to use either copper or iron piping materials. The supply and return pipe should be insulated to avoid heat loss. In systems where plastic tubing is used, it must have an oxygen dif- fuser barrier. If non-oxygen barrier tubing is used, the boiler must be separated from the tubing by a heat exchanger. A thermostatic mixing valve, set to open at 140 ºF (60 ºC), is required to temper return water to prevent cold return water from reaching the boiler. This valve helps prevent boiler corrosion. Boiler Accessories Termovar Mixing Valve Termovar Loading Unit Aquastats Thermal Storage Systems 5 Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska SAXMAN – MULTIFAMILY LOW RENT HOUSING HEATING CONVERSION ANALYSIS Supplemental Reports on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: March 22, 2016 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska SAXMAN LOW RENT MULTIFAMILY DEEP ENERGY RETROFIT PROJECT Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (A Tribally Designated Housing Authority) December 15, 2015 Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Location: 2708 Halibut Street, Ketchikan, AK 99901 Technical Contact: Business Contact: Craig Moore Irene Tupou VP Development & Construction Management Finance Manager PO Box 32237 PO Box 32237 Juneau, AK 99803 Juneau, AK 99803 Phone: 907 780 6868 Phone: 907 780 6868 Fax: 907 780 6895 Fax: 907 780 6895 Email: cmoore@thrha.org Email: itupou@thrha.org Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project TOC Table of Contents 1.0 EXUCTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................3 1.1 Project Overview...........................................................................................................................3 1.2 Applicant Description....................................................................................................................4 1.3 Project Goals.................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Project Benefits.............................................................................................................................5 1.5 Impact of Funding.........................................................................................................................5 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND OUTCOMES .........................................................................................6 2.1 Detailed Project Description.........................................................................................................6 2.2 Technical Viability .........................................................................................................................7 2.3 Economic Viability.......................................................................................................................11 2.4 Outcomes....................................................................................................................................15 3.0 ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, CAPABILITIES, AND COMMITMENT......................................................16 3.1 Business and Technical Contact..................................................................................................16 3.2 Project Management Approach..................................................................................................16 3.3 Level of Commitment to Project.................................................................................................18 4.0 ATTACHMENTS LIST ........................................................................................................................19 Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 3 1.0 EXUCTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Project Overview Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA) plans to renovate and expand the Saxman Multifamily Low Rent Building in Saxman, Alaska. The building is a 7,600 sf facility containing 12 apartments, a laundry room, kitchen, and dining room. THRHA plans to add approximately 1,020 ft 2 to the building for storage space, a new entrance, and a new ADA bathroom. As part of this renovation, THRHA is seeking grant funding to allow a deep energy retrofit of the facility. The energy efficiency measures (EEMs) included in this deep energy retrofit would include: air sealing to 4 ACH, insulation of rim joist, floor cavity, and adding insulation to ceiling, a new heat recovery ventilation unit for planned makeup air for the corridor and common spaces, and installation of a low temperature hydronic heating system and an air to water heat pump system. The facility underwent a weatherization in 2010, and these proposed steps would provide deep energy retrofit of the facility while improving indoor air quality and resident comfort. The majority of the annual energy savings from this effort will come from the installation of the low temperature hydronic heating system and the air to water heat pump system. Currently, two fuel oil boilers provide space heating and hot water. While replacing the fuel oil boiler system in kind is an option, THRHA is interested in replacing the system with an air source heat pump system that uses low temperature water distribution to supply a central domestic hot water system and low temperature heat emitters. Converting to such a system would reduce long term energy costs, increase the use of local energy sources, and decrease the carbon footprint of the building. Conversion to an air source heat pump would also convert the building to using a local, sustainable energy source, as Saxman is a special hydro community in Alaska. Table 1.1 1 shows a summary of the energy usage projections for the renovated building with both heating options after considering the other energy efficiency upgrades. Converting the heating system for the renovated building from fuel oil to a hydroelectricity fed air to water heat pump will reduce the energy used onsite by over 45% by using the heat available from the temperate climate of Southeast Alaska. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation has developed a Site Source factor for use in Southeast Alaska’s special hydro communities of 1.5. This is an appropriate factor for this community’s renewable source of electricity, and using this factor shows that the total source energy is reduced by 30%. DOE has prescribed a national Site Source factor for electricity of 3.14. This factor is not appropriate for the Saxman community, and results in showing an increase in source energy used. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 4 Table 1.1 1 – Annual Energy Use Reduction Onsite and Converted to Source Energy Heating System A Fuel Oil Usage, gallons B Electricity Usage (heating), kWh C Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh D Total Energy Use (Site), kBtu E Total Energy Use (1.5 Site Source), kBtu F Total Energy Use (3.14 Site Source), kBtu Projected Energy Usage, Fuel Oil Boiler 4,058 1,690 68,200 802,527 927,400 1,318,482 Projected Energy Usage, ASHP 0 57,703 68,200 429,581 644,372 1,348,884 Annual Savings 46% 31%2% Note: Table presents the modeled annual heating demand after inclusion of the HRV unit to show the dramatic difference in the energy use onsite and when considering site to source factors. A site to source energy factor of 1.5 was used for electricity supplied by hydroelectric power. This factor is provided by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC). DOE conversion factors are used for all other energy sources, and the proposed DOE site source factor is used in Column F for reference purposes. This factor is not appropriate for use in the Saxman community. 1.2 Applicant Description Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA) is a tribally designated housing authority aimed at providing affordable housing opportunities for Southeast Alaskans. Since 1973, the THRHA has been working to meet the affordable housing needs of native and non native individuals and families in Southeast Alaska. THRHA offers a variety of services, such as temporary emergency housing, senior independent living, down payment assistance, home repair, and project and home construction. The authority also provides home ownership and rent to own opportunities. In addition, THRHA owns and operates Fireweed Place, which is a 67 unit apartment building for senior citizens who can live independently. The authority administers the Rural Owner Occupied Loan Program, which provides financing to construct, purchase or renovate owner occupied single family residences and duplexes. It has several departments, including administration, fiscal, housing management, mortgage loans, tribal services, and development, construction and maintenance. The Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority is headquartered in Juneau, Alaska but services communities all over Southeast Alaska. THRHA’s Low Rent Program is a home and apartment rental program. Homes and apartments in this program consist of 1 to 4 bedroom units of various sizes and layouts. At a minimum, to be eligible for this program at least one household member must be able to provide proof that they belong to a federally recognized tribe. The Low Rent Program is currently offered in the following communities: Angoon, Craig, Haines, Hoonah, Juneau, Kasaan, Klukwan, Saxman, and Wrangell. To support its mission of providing affordable housing, the THRHA has implemented its Energy Cents Program. This program has completed 400 home energy assessments in order to gather household data and identify potential solutions to energy costs for residents. The THRHA is working to reduce its energy costs and carbon footprint through the use of clean renewable energy as well as improved home weatherization. 1.3 Project Goals With the Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project, THRHA plans to drastically reduce the energy usage at the facility, and to convert the heating system from non renewable fuel oil to locally Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 5 sourced renewable hydroelectricity. By extracting heat from the environment as opposed to burning fuel oil, this project will meet the following of THRHA’s energy goals: Increasing the overall energy efficiency of the facility Reducing long term operating costs Protecting the facility against the volatility of the fossil fuel market Increasing the use of local sustainable energy sources Decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the facility 1.4 Project Benefits THRHA’s Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project will provide the following economic benefits: Reduce annual operating costs by $4,627 (~22%) even when assuming today’s low fuel oil prices. Utilize local renewable energy source that has a history of stable pricing, which helps THRHA diversify away from volatile fuel oil. This provides annual heating budget certainty for THRHA. Switch from purchase of non renewable fuel oil to locally sourced hydroelectricity for heating needs, keeping ~$6,000 dollars spent annually on heating within the local economy. Decrease the annual onsite GHG emissions of the heating system by 41 metric tons. Along with the economic benefits of this project, replacing the fuel oil boilers would also provide the following environmental and social benefits: Reduce onsite emissions of greenhouse gases by 41 metric tons (GHGe) annually. Reduce onsite emissions of criteria pollutants including PM, NOx, and SOx by over 145 lbs annually. Eliminate the use of over 4,000 gallons of fuel oil annually, reducing the potential for spills in this fishing community. With electricity being supplied by local hydroelectric power generation in Saxman, this facility would be heated by renewable, sustainable, and clean energy. Provide an example for future THRHA buildings, and other building owners within the SE Alaska region. 1.5 Impact of Funding This $448,049 deep energy retrofit would provide THRHA with a simple payback of approximately 35 years without any grant assistance given the current low fuel oil pricing used in the analysis. This is beyond the investment horizon of what THRHA would be willing to accept. However, with a 50% grant the cash flow for the project looks promising for THRHA. Attachment G includes a 25 year cash flow analysis showing the impact a 50% grant for the total Deep Energy Retrofit Table 1.5 1 provides a summary of the cash flow analysis. Table 1.5 1 – Summary of Project Cash Flow Assuming 50% Grant Award Project Cost with All EEMs 50% Grant Amount 25 year Net Present Value (4.5% Discount Rate) $448,049 $224,025 $120,911 Notes: See Attachment G for detailed cash flow analysis. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 6 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND OUTCOMES 2.1 Detailed Project Description THRHA plans to renovate, modernize, and expand the Saxman Multifamily Low Rent Building in Saxman, Alaska. THRHA’s mission is to provide affordable housing to Southeast Alaskans. In keeping with this mission, THRHA is actively seeking to reduce the high energy costs experienced in many of its Southeast communities through implementation of deep energy retrofits and renewable energy projects. In the special hydro communities like Saxman, this effort includes converting heating systems from expensive fuel oil to affordable, locally sourced, renewable hydroelectricity. The Multifamily Building in Saxman is a 7,600 sf facility containing 12 apartments, a laundry room, kitchen, and dining room. This building was built in 1982. THRHA has had a long term lease for the land on which the building sits with the City of Saxman since 1977 (see Attachment I), and THRHA owns the building. Weatherization and insulation projects were completed in 2010, and Table 2 1 lists the current insulation levels and areas for the building. Table 2.1 1: Saxman Building Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Living Area Floors Wall Section 1 House Wall Section 2 Rim Joist Exterior Doors Windows Ceiling 2708 Halibut Street R Value 48.3 11.3 18.4 5.0 2.0 54.4 Area, ft 2 7,425 3,360 7,425 80 688 7,425 The building is currently heated by two Weil McLain WGO 6 oil boilers (212,000 Btu/hr rated output each). These boilers are coupled with a high temperature (180°F) hydronic distribution system, finned tube hydronic baseboard in each of the 12 residences and the common lunch room, and hydronic panel heaters in the main corridor. Domestic hot water is provided by an Amtrol indirect hot water heater fed from the oil boilers. THRHA is planning the addition of 1,020 sf of space for a new vestibule, laundry room, and storage space for the residents. While this renovation is ongoing, THRHA would like to complete a deep energy retrofit for the building. THRHA recently identified energy efficiency opportunities through an energy audit, assessment, and alternative energy study completed through DOE’s funding opportunity DE 0005179. This effort identified the following opportunities for improved energy efficiency and resident comfort: Air sealing to 4 ACH Insulation of Rim Joist on above grade walls Add more insulation to ceiling and floor Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit for common spaces Conversion of heating for DHW to air water heat pump using locally source, renewable hydroelectricity Conversion of heating for space heating to air water heat pump using locally source, renewable hydroelectricity The following previous efforts have been conducted to evaluate the potential of this deep energy retrofit project, and these are provided in Attachment E. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 7 DE 0005179 – Energy Efficiency Audit, Assessment, and Alternative Energy Study o Energy audit and assessment using AKWarm by Marquam George, LLC o Heating Conversion Analysis for Saxman Multifamily Low Rent Housing by Alaska Energy Engineers, LLC 2.2 Technical Viability The energy audit and subsequent system evaluations were funded by DOE under the DE 0005179 funding opportunity. These efforts identified the opportunity for the proposed project, and the report summarizing these efforts is provided in Attachment E. Table 2.2 1 provides a summary of the energy efficiency measures evaluated as part of this effort. This table includes consideration of an air water heat pump for providing DHW for the facility. This study identified the addition of a Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit to provide planned air exchange for the common spaces within the building to improve indoor air quality and occupant comfort. Each of the options listed in Table 2.2 1 are typical energy retrofit EEMs that are technically viable, and there are local contractors capable of completing this work. The materials and equipment for EEMs 1,3,4, and 5 are insulation as identified, and weatherizing materials for air sealing. Table 2.2 1 Energy Efficiency Measures Energy Efficiency Measure Estimated Total Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR 1 Air Sealing to 4 ACH $207 $500 2.4 3.8 2 Air to Water Heat Pump (for DHW only) $1,333 $10,000 7.5 2 3 Insulate Rim Joist with R 14 on Above Grade Wall $32 $699 21.8 1.1 4 Add R 19 Blown in Insulation to Exposed Floor 2x12 Cavity $174 $7,128 41.0 0.6 5 Add R 12 Insulation to Attic Space $100 $4,722 47.2 0.5 Totals $1,846 $23,049 12.5 Notes:1 Costs and savings values for air sealing and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. 2 Costs and savings for an air to water heat pump are estimated by WES Energy & Environment and assume 90% offset of fuel oil use for domestic hot water. The full conversion of the heating system to a low temperature hydronic system served by an air to water heat pump was identified as an opportunity and further analyzed through the DE 0005179 program. The attached Heating Conversion Analysis (in Attachment E) evaluates this option in detail. This option includes not only covering the building’s DHW needs as shown EEM 2, but also the space heating needs. The analysis for that option modeled the building’s energy usage with the planned renovation and including the Energy Efficiency Measures 1, 3, 4, 5, and the added Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit. Table 2.2 2 summarizes the monthly average demands from this model, and Figure 2.2 1 shows the modeled daily average heating demand. Figure 2.2 2 shows the modeled annual coverage by the air source heat pump. Table 2.3 1 in the next section summarizes the annual energy use reduction, both onsite and at the source associated with the air to water heat pump and low temperature hydronic system. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 8 Table 2.2 2 – Modeled Monthly Heating Demand for Facility with EEMs 1,3,4,5 Month Monthly Heating Demand, kBtu Average Heating Demand, Btu/hr January 59,035 79,348 February 44,746 66,586 March 41,822 56,212 April 29,320 40,722 May 22,060 29,651 June 18,821 26,140 July 18,667 25,090 August 18,559 24,945 September 22,284 30,950 October 34,116 45,855 November 41,903 58,199 December 53,345 71,700 Air source heat pump technology has improved in the last five years to the point that they are an excellent match for the relatively temperate climate of Southeast Alaska where renewable hydroelectricity is available. Table 2.2 3 shows the coefficient of performance (COP) range for air source heat pumps at the monthly average temperatures for Ketchikan, AK, which is immediately adjacent to Saxman, AK. The air source heat pump for this project will work in conjunction with water kit that includes two indoor heat exchangers. For the purpose of this effort, the Multi V IV Heat Pump, model no. ARUN072BTE4, and the Multi V Hydro Kit, model no. ARNH963K2A2, manufactured by LG have been selected. Attachment F includes the manuals for this equipment. Standard parts warranties for these products are 1 year from the installation or 24 months from the date of manufacture. An additional 5 year warranty applies to the compressor. The design contractor may choose a different manufacturer for the air source heat pump system. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 9 Table 2.2 3: COP Range at Average Monthly Temperatures Month Average Temperature, °F Air Source Heat Pump COP Jan 34 1.9 Feb 36 2.0 Mar 38 2.1 Apr 41 2.3 May 47 2.7 Jun 50 3.0 Jul 55 3.3 Aug 56 3.4 Sep 53 3.2 Oct 45 2.6 Nov 40 2.2 Dec 33 1.9 2.33 Note: Average monthly temperatures for Ketchikan, AK are obtained from USClimateData.com for the 30 yr period spanning 1981 2010. COP data is taken from LG ThermaV Air to Water Heat Pump performance data, and will vary by manufacturer and model. This low temperature hydronic system and air to water heat pump system is a very technically viable option, and local designers and installers are available to complete the work. THRHA has installed a similar system for DHW heating for the Saxman Senior Center. The difference between these two systems is that this one would be coupled with a low temperature hydronic system to capture the building’s space heating demand as well. This portion of the deep energy retrofit provides the vast majority of the cost and energy savings for the facility. The design demand for peak loads is modeled at 100,000 Btu per hour for space heating and 50,000 Btu per hour for domestic hot water. The air source heat pump and electric buffer tank system is designed to meet this total peak demand of 150,000 Btu per hour. It should be noted that these peak loads rarely occur simultaneously and demand for hot water can be mitigated by the hot water tank. The air source heat pump is sized at 78% of the space heating design demand and is expected to supply 95% of the total annual heating demand. The electric heated buffer tank will serve as a backup heating source and also cover peak loads when necessary. The project would be procured as a design bid build project, and this process would be managed and overseen by THRHA staff. There are several barriers/challenges to this deep energy retrofit that surround the largest energy savings option, which is the low temperature hydronic system and the air to water heat pump. The following lists each, and how THRHA is addressing these. The heat pump needs access to three phase power, and THRHA has obtained a cost estimate from the local utility for bringing this into the site. This also puts the facility into a new rate Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 10 class, which slightly increases the cost of electricity for all use at the facility, and thus this needed to be accounted for in the annual savings estimates. There are few low temperature hydronic systems installed by designers and mechanical contractors. These are not difficult to design or install, but take a shift in focus from the routine practices in the industry. THRHA will ensure the designer is familiar with low temperature hydronic systems, that heat emitters are properly sized,and that the operating temperatures allow for the system match the outputs of the heat pump. There are several locally installed air to water heat pumps for providing DHW needs, but no known local systems using air to water heat pumps for building heating. This is not particularly challenging,but THRHA will need to ensure the designer and installer have the experience needed to properly design and install the system. THRHA onsite staff will maintain the equipment. THRHA onsite staff have experience with operating and maintaining the EEMs identified, including an air to water heat pump for DHW production at the nearby Saxman Senior Center. The staff are also familiar with operating and maintaining hydronic heating systems. THRHA does not envision an outside service contract other than occasional servicing of the outdoor heat pump unit. Figure2.2 1: Daily Average Heating Demand Note: Values shown are daily average demand. During the course of 24 hours, actual demand will fluctuate above and below values shown in this figure. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 11 Figure 2.2 2: Load Demand Curve Note: Values shown are daily average demand. During the course of 24 hours, actual demand will fluctuate above and below values shown in this figure. 2.3 Economic Viability 2.3.1 Current Energy Costs Table 2.3 1 provides a summary of the annual heating fuel and electric demands for 2014. The full year of bills for oil and electricity for the facility are provided in Attachment D. These demands are for the existing building, and are not representative of the annual demands for the renovated building. These are included for reference by the reviewers to see current building costs. Table 2.3 2 shows the modeled energy demand of the expanded and renovated building, including implementation of EEM’s 1,3,4,5 and addition of the Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit. This table then shows the annual energy costs with implementation of the low temperature hydronic system and air to water heat pump. Table 2.3 1 – Existing Building Energy Usage and Cost for in 2014 Source Consumption Unit Unit Cost Annual Cost Energy Use Onsite, mmBtu Electricity 68,200 kWh $0.091 $6,227 233 Fuel Oil 3,698 Gallons $3.74 $13,829 512 Total $20,056 723 Note: These usage and cost values are taken from THRHA records from calendar year 2014. These values are provided for reference. Annual savings are based on Table 2.3 2 and 2.3 5. Energy use values are onsite usage calculated using 0.003412 mmBtu/kWh and 0.1385 mmBtu/gallon. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 12 Table 2.3 2 – Renovated Building (with EEMs) Energy and Cost Savings with and without ASHP EEM Heating System Fuel Oil Usage, gallons Electricity Usage (heating), kWh Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh Annual Cost Annual Energy Use Onsite, mmBtu Projected Energy Usage, Fuel Oil Boiler 4,058 1,690 68,200 $19,285 800 Projected Energy Usage, ASHP 0 57,703 68,200 $14,101 430 Annual Savings $5,184 371 Note: These usage and values are from the model of the building energy usage based on the renovation and implementation of EEMs 1,3,4,5 and the Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit. The fuel oil and electric costs are based on the latest bills for 2015, and are 3.03/gallon fuel oil and $0.10/kWh. A cost of $0.112/kWh for electricity is used for the ASHP option since there will be an increase of $0.012/kWh when the whole building is shifted to 3 phase. Energy use values are onsite usage calculated using 0.003412 mmBtu/kWh and 0.1385 mmBtu/gallon. 2.3.2 Total Installed Cost The total installed cost of the EEMs is provided in Table 2.3 3. Table 2.3 3 – Estimate Cost of Energy Efficiency Measures Item Cost Source 1 Air Sealing to 4 ACH $500 DE 0005179 report 3 Insulate Rim Joist with R 14 on Above Grade Wall $699 DE 0005179 report 4 Add R 19 Blown in Insulation to Exposed Floor 2x12 Cavity $7,128 DE 0005179 report 5 Add R 12 Insulation to Attic Space $4,722 DE 0005179 report Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit $50,000 DE 0005179 report Low temp hydronic system and ASHP $385,000 DE 0005179 Heating Conversion Analysis Total $448,049 2.3.3 Installed Cost Per Unit Energy Saved Table 2.3 4 shows the energy savings using the DOE provided conversion factors with one exception. A value of 1.5 is used for electricity instead of the 3.14 value provided by DOE. The reason for this is that Saxman is a special hydro community in Alaska. Thus, the energy is from renewable and local hydroelectricity, and the 3.14 factor does not make sense for this project. Using the Total Energy Use savings from Column E, the Installed Cost per kBtu saved is $1.58. For comparison purposes, the total source energy use change is identified in Column F when the DOE national site source value of 3.14 is used for electricity for this project. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 13 Table 2.3 4 – Annual Energy Savings Converted to Source Energy Savings Heating System A Fuel Oil Usage, gallons B Electricity Usage (heating), kWh C Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh D Total Energy Use (Site), kBtu E Total Energy Use (1.5 Site Source), kBtu F Total Energy Use (3.14 Site Source), kBtu Projected Energy Usage, Fuel Oil Boiler 4,058 1,690 68,200 802,527 927,400 1,318,482 Projected Energy Usage, ASHP 0 57,703 68,200 429,581 644,372 1,348,884 Annual Savings 46% 31%2% Notes: Energy use values in this table are calculated using the DOE default energy values and site to source conversion factors with one exception. Column E uses a site to source conversion factor of 1.5, which is a value developed by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation for the Special Hydro Communities in Alaska. This is an appropriate value for this project. The impact of using the DOE site to source conversion factor of 3.14 is shown in Column F. 2.3.4 Life of EEMs The life of the EEMs identified in this report is 25 years with the exception of two of them. The Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit and the outdoor unit for the air source heat pump are expected to be replaced by year 15 of operation or once within the first 25 years. 2.3.5 Payback Period and Cash Flow Analysis The payback of the system is calculated using energy savings and avoided costs associated with the investments, and is presented in Table 2.3 5. With no grant funding, the total payback on the EEMs is approximately 35 years with the temporarily low fuel oil pricing used for the analysis. This is beyond the investment horizon of what THRHA would be willing to accept. However, with a 50% grant the cash flow for the project looks promising for THRHA. Attachment G includes a 25 year cash flow analysis showing the impact a 50% grant for the total Deep Energy Retrofit Table 2.3 6 provides a summary of the cash flow analysis. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 14 Table 2.3 5 – Simple Payback of EEMs with NO GRANT ASSISTANCE Item Cost Present Value of Avoided Cost Avoided Cost Year Annual Energy Savings Increased O&M Simple Payback Assuming No Grant Assistance 1 Air Sealing to 4 ACH $500 $0 $207 $0 2 3 Insulate Rim Joist with R 14 on Above Grade Wall $699 $0 $32 $0 22 4 Add R 19 Blown in Insulation to Exposed Floor 2x12 Cavity $7,128 $0 $174 $0 41 5 Add R 12 Insulation to Attic Space $4,722 $0 $100 $0 47 Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit $50,000 $45,000 0 $500 $100 13 Low temp hydronic system and ASHP $385,000 $239,000 5 $5,184 $1,470 39 Total $448,049 $284,000 $6,197 $1,570 35 Notes: Simple payback assuming no grant funding is calculated by taking the total estimated project costs, subtracting out the present value of the avoided costs, and dividing this by the annual energy savings with increased annual O&M subtracted. Table 2.3 6 – Summary of Project Cash Flow Assuming 50% Grant Award Project Cost with All EEMs 50% Grant Amount 25 year Net Present Value (4.5% Discount Rate) $448,049 $224,025 $120,911 With a 50% grant, the project has an attractive net present value for THRHA of $120,911 using the assumptions as identified in the attached cash flow sheet (see Attachment G). Further, the project would allow THRHA to reduce annual operating costs for the Multifamily Low Rent building at Saxman, which helps secure THRHA’s ability to provide continued services to Southeast Alaska’s low income residents. This also helps diversify THRHA away from the volatile fuel oil market. The fuel oil price used for this analysis is $3.03/gallon. Just 1 year ago, this price averaged $3.74/gallon. This would show an annual savings that is 24% higher for this project. THRHA is dependent on fuel oil heating in many of its facilities, and these swings in annual budget are difficult to absorb from year to year. Locally sourced hyrdorelectricity has much more stable annual pricing that the fuel oil market. Further, diversifying the heating energy sources across THRHA’s building fleet helps to ensure a more stable overall annual budget for heating. 2.3.6 Sources of Financing The majority of THRHA’s matching funds for this project would come from THRHA’s IHBG NAHASDA funding allocation, and the remaining amount will come from THRHA’s capital budget. THRHA has adequate funding available to complete this project with a grant award of 50% of the total project costs. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 15 2.4 Outcomes 2.4.1 Amount of energy saved as a result of the proposed project The direct onsite energy reduction would be approximately 46%, and the Total Source Energy Savings would be approximately 31% or 283,028 kBtu. Note that this value is calculated using a the Site to Source factor of 1.5 as discussed in this section and in the notes for Table 2.4.1. Table 2.4 1 shows the energy savings using the DOE provided conversion factors with one exception. A value of 1.5 is used for electricity instead of the 3.14 value provided by DOE. The reason for this is that Saxman is a special hydro community in Alaska. Thus, the energy is from renewable and local hydroelectricity, and the 3.14 factor does not make sense for this project. Table 2.4 1 – Annual Energy Savings Converted to Source Energy Savings Heating System A Fuel Oil Usage, gallons B Electricity Usage (heating), kWh C Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh D Total Energy Use (Site), kBtu E Total Energy Use (1.5 Site Source), kBtu F Total Energy Use (3.14 Site Source), kBtu Projected Energy Usage, Fuel Oil Boiler 4,058 1,690 68,200 802,527 927,400 1,318,482 Projected Energy Usage, ASHP 0 57,703 68,200 429,581 644,372 1,348,884 Annual Savings 46% 31%2% Notes: Energy use values in this table are calculated using the DOE default energy values and site to source conversion factors with one exception. Column E uses a site to source conversion factor of 1.5, which is a value developed by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation for the Special Hydro Communities in Alaska. This is an appropriate value for this project. The impact of using the DOE site to source conversion factor of 3.14 is shown in Column F. 2.4.2 Economic Benefits Implementation of the EEMs at the Saxman Low Rent Multifamily facility would provide projected operational savings of $172,296 over a 25 year period, and this is equivalent to $99,520 in present value savings using discount rate of 4.5%. Factoring in a 50% grant for upfront costs and avoided costs, the project will provide a projected 25 yr Net Present Value of $120,911. These savings are calculated based on a current price of $3.03/gallon for fuel oil, and assuming that local hydroelectric energy and fuel oil increase in cost at the same rate. Just one year ago, 2014, the average fuel oil price was $3.74, which would showing an increase in project savings of approximately 24% over what is shown in this analysis. The annual savings would allow THRHA to reduce annual operating costs for the Multifamily Low Rent building at Saxman, which helps secure THRHA’s ability to provide continued services to Southeast Alaska’s low income residents. The project would also provide the following additional economic benefits: Decrease THRHA’s building fleet’s dependence on the volatile fuel oil market by over 4,000 gallons per year, providing diversity of heating energy sources and reducing budget fluctuations Provide temporary creation of ~4.9 FTEs during project construction ($92,000/FTE assumed) Support of the local economy and local jobs through the purchase of over $6,000 in locally produced hydroelectric power. 2.4.3 Environmental Benefits Along with the economic benefits of this project, replacing the fuel oil boilers would also provide the following environmental benefits: Reduce onsite emissions of greenhouse gases by 41 metric tons (GHGe) annually. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 16 Reduce onsite emissions of criteria pollutants including PM, NOx, and SOx by over 145 lbs annually. Eliminate the use of over 4,000 gallons of fuel oil annually, reducing the potential for spills in this fishing community. With electricity being supplied by local hydroelectric power generation in Saxman, this facility would be heated by renewable, sustainable, and clean energy. 2.4.4 Other Outcomes The project could serve as a model for future THRHA building projects, as well as other building owners in Southeast Alaska. The project furthers THRHA’s goal of investing in energy efficiency and renewable and sustainable energy technologies that will also reduce annual operating costs. This allows THRHA to be a good environmental steward while focusing annual budget dollars on its mission of providing affordable housing for Southeast Alaska residents. The largest savings from this project come from use of an air to water heat pump and low temperature hydronic heating system. The climate of coastal Alaska is very favorable to the use of air source heat pumps, and a successful installation and operation of an air to water heat pump at this facility would help promote this use of air source heat pump technology as a clean alternative to expensive fossil fuels in the region for building retrofits and new construction. 3.0 ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, CAPABILITIES, AND COMMITMENT 3.1 Business and Technical Contact The Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Project will have a business contact and a technical contact. The business contact will be Joanne Wiita, Planning and Grants Administration. The technical contact will be Craig Moore, VP of Development and Construction Management. Technical Contact: Business Contact: Craig Moore Irene Tupou VP Development & Construction Management Finance Manager PO Box 32237 PO Box 32237 Juneau, AK 99803 Juneau, AK 99803 Phone: 907 780 6868 Phone: 907 780 6868 Fax: 907 780 6895 Fax: 907 780 6895 Email: cmoore@thrha.org Email: itupou@thrha.org 3.2 Project Management Approach THRHA staff would be in charge of completing the project, and Craig Moore, VP of THRHA would be the manager of the project. Mr. Moore and his team have extensive experience in selecting and managing engineering and construction contractors for weatherization, energy efficiency, and energy system design and installation at a wide variety of housing facilities. This experience includes the similar Kake Low Rent building, which recently underwent a similar renovation and deep energy retrofit while using a biomass renewable energy system to provide heating needs. THRHA also has experience managing the design, installation, and operation of air source heat pumps, including an installation at the nearby Saxman Senior Center where an air to water heat pump is used for providing domestic hot water. This project would be procured as a design bid build project. Mr. Moore’s team has extensive experience in managing building system and energy projects in this manner. Mr. Moore’s team would scope out the project, and procure the design and construction team using THRHA’s well established Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 17 procurement procedures. Mr. Moore’s team has the hands on experience to provide their own oversight/review of the design and construction oversight. Mr. Moore and his team are also proficient in project communications, community outreach, and recording of project activities and progress. During the course of the project, regular update meetings or teleconferences will be held with contractors. Meeting notes will be recorded for the project file. THRHA will track and monitor the established budget versus actual expenditures by line item. The Team has a wealth of experience in working with contractors and the community. Before work begins Mr. Moore will conduct a coordination meeting to include all key partners and community. Forecasted meetings and reports will include; project coordination meeting, design review, notice of Intent to construct, teleconferences and reporting by the contractor, project commissioning and close out. Mr. Moore has demonstrated experience in meeting the reporting and communications requirements for a wide variety of grant funding agencies, including DOE. The project roles, background, and expertise of the individuals who would be involved in managing and then operating and maintaining the project are discussed in the following paragraphs. Mr. Moore is responsible for THRHA Development and Construction Management (resume attached), and will be the Project Manager for the design and construction. He works closely with Robert Reimer, THRHA’s Maintenance Manager. Robert is responsible for operations and maintenance of 600 THRHA housing units including multi family buildings throughout the southeast region of Alaska. Robert has been with THRHA for five years and prior he was with the Days Inn for six years as property manager where he was responsible for $24M of property assets. Robert manages THRHA’s 20 onsite field representatives. THRHA field representatives are responsible for repairing and maintaining all THRHA properties which include: inspections, reports, estimating, purchasing, record keeping, scheduling, computer data entry and all aspects of maintenance including plumbing, heating/ventilation, electrical, and carpentry. Field reps have received formal HVAC training and have advanced certifications. Local field representative Eric Trout has extensive facility operation experience, including for the air to water heat pump at Saxman Senior Center, and the existing hydronic heating system at the Saxman Low Rent building. THRHA manages an annual budget of $12 million and employs over 40 technical and administrative personnel. The VP of Administration, Joyce Niven, will lead fiscal management on this project. (resume attached) Ms. Niven has worked in the accounting field for over 20 years and for the past 12 years, she has been employed by THRHA. She has a Bachelor’s of Science degree in business and finance from Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington. Under the leadership of Ms. Niven, THRHA has successfully closed over five new construction project accounts and during the past three years. Two of these projects were closed with multiple funding sources. Ms. Niven, will provide oversight to the project and grant accounting. She will supervise Finance Manager Irene Tupou who is responsible for all accounting functions including grant accounting that is performed by her staff. Ms. Tupou is a member of THRHA management, and she coordinates all aspects of project implementation with her senior colleagues at THRHA to ensure that THRHA complies, and maintains reporting on time and within budget. (resume attached) Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 18 Bookkeeping functions are performed in house using Emphasys Systems Elite, to manage fund accounting that meets Federal requirements. Ms. Tupou is responsible for all accounting functions including grant accounting that is performed by her staff. Ms. Tupou has experience managing grant funds from a variety of sources, including DOE, and ensures that no expenses that are unallowable will be requested for reimbursement. THRHA financial management and internal controls provide assurance that project goals and objectives will be met and funds will be used efficiently. To provide checks and fiscal oversight, THRHA’s internal financial controls and policy separate duties into three financial functions (authorizing transactions, keeping records, and handling funds). Program funds are tracked in separate grant accounts with a project code allocated to each. Upon award of funding THRHA conducts a grant implementation meeting and review newly established codes for associated expenses. Only allowable expenses are coded and paid out of grant funds, the expenses are approved by the Project Manager and monthly grant meetings are held among the finance staff, project manager, and grant administrator to ensure all expenses are allowable and coded properly according to the approved budget. THRHA also tracks grant in kind and match including labor and expenses that are not allowable as grant reimbursement. In addition, THRHA conducts an annual external financial audit. 3.3 Level of Commitment to Project The THRHA manages a suite of facilities in Southeastern Alaska that provide affordable housing opportunities for native and non native residents and their families. Additionally, THRHA is involved in providing a wide variety of funding, construction, and technical services to low income residents and properties. This project provides the opportunity to demonstrate how buildings in Southeastern Alaska can utilize deep energy retrofits including air to water heat pumps for space heating as well as domestic hot water to offset the use of oil. This project utilizes the Southeastern Alaskan climate and new proven, but not widely adopted, technologies to reduce annual heating energy demands and costs by 1.5 3 times over typical fuel oil and electric resistance systems. These projects have the potential to dramatically reduce energy demand over time as building owners and local installers become familiar with them. This project and THRHA’s footprint in the building community in Southeastern Alaska provide the opportunity to showcase the real costs, energy performance, and benefits of this technology and application. This project also provides the opportunity to identify the challenges associated with implementing this type of project, such as needing/evaluating low temperature hydronic heating systems, ensuring appropriate electrical service, and identifying the appropriate equipment and sizing of that equipment. THRHA hopes to show the benefits and challenges, and how the challenges can be addressed and overcome. THRHA would hope to replicate this type of project at other buildings it owns in Southeastern Alaska, and would hope that others can use this same information to determine whether they are able to make the same move away from oil and to low temperature hydronic systems combined with air to water heat pumps for new construction or building renovations. The recent drop in oil prices may lead to complacency in addressing future energy issues. By promoting deep energy retrofits and heat pump technology and demonstrating success now, the THRHA can make positive steps toward improving energy efficiency and lowering long term energy costs. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 19 The THRHA is fully committed to its mission of providing sustainable housing options for Southeastern Alaskans. This project would reduce the annual cost to operate the facility at Saxman, and would provide a demonstration that this type of deep energy retrofit project is viable in SE Alaska’s hydro communities. THRHA is fully committed to providing the matching funding required for this project to proceed, as is described in the letter of commitment provided. The full amount of $224,025 would come from THRHA’s IHBG funding allocation and THRHA’s capital budget. The Central Council Tlingit Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska is the Federally recognized tribe for SE Alaska, representing over 26,000 enrolled tribal members. The CCTHITA supports this project, stating “This is the right thing to do in a hydroelectric community like Saxman. It will help assure that THRHA can continue to provide affordable housing in Saxman, and will demonstrate that clean, renewable, “green” energy solutions are available and a viable alternative to fossil fuels in our region.” It should also be noted that the City of Saxman, the Organized Villiage of Saxman, and Ketchikan Public Utilities are all supportive of this project. 4.0 ATTACHMENTS LIST Attachment A – Work Plan Attachment B – Site and Resource Maps and Graphics File o Location Map o Building Floor Plan Attachment C – Energy Savings Calculations Attachment D – Energy Use Data o 2014 Oil Deliveries o 2014 Electric Bills Attachment E – Energy Audits or Assessments for Deep Energy Retrofits o DE 0005179 – Energy Efficiency Audit, Assessment, and Alternative Energy Study Excerpt from overall report summarizing Energy audit and assessment using AKWarm by Marquam George, LLC Heating Conversion Analysis for Saxman Multifamily Low Rent Housing by Alaska Energy Engineers, LLC Attachment F – Design and Engineering o Heat pump equipment and water kit cut sheets o Heat pump system warranty Attachment G – Economics o 25 yr cash flow analysis with key assumptions Attachment H – Statement of Commitment and Cost Sharing o Central Council Tlingit Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska Project Support o Authorization for Application o Statement of Commitment and Cost Sharing Attachment I – Agreements o Long term lease from Saxman for building land Attachment J – Subcontract Plan Attachment K – Resumes o Craig Moore – VP Development and Construction Management Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 20 o Joyce Niven – VP Administration o Irene Tupou – Finance Manager Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment A Work Plan Work Plan Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 1.0 Project Objectives With the Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project, THRHA plans to drastically reduce the energy usage at the facility through implementing multiple EEMs, the largest of which is a conversion of the heating system from non renewable fuel oil and high temperature heat emitters to a low temperature hydronic system heated by an air to water heat pump fueled by locally sourced renewable hydroelectricity. The following are THRHA’s objectives for the project: Increasing the overall energy efficiency of the facility Reducing long term operating costs Protecting the facility against the volatility of the fossil fuel market Increasing the use of local sustainable energy sources Decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions of the facility 2.0 Project Summary Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA) plans to renovate and expand the Saxman Multifamily Low Rent Building in Saxman, Alaska. The building is a 7,600 sf facility containing 12 apartments, a laundry room, kitchen, and dining room, and THRHA plans to add approximately 1,020 ft 2 to the building for storage space, a new entrance, and a new ADA bathroom. As part of this renovation, THRHA is seeking grant funding to allow a deep energy retrofit of the facility. The energy efficiency measures (EEMs) included in this deep energy retrofit would include: air sealing to 4 ACH, insulate rim joist, floor cavity, and adding insulation to ceiling, a new heat recovery ventilation unit for planned makeup air for the corridor and common spaces, and installation of a low temperature hydronic heating system and an air to water heat pump system. The facility underwent a weatherization in 2010, and these proposed steps would provide deep energy retrofit of the facility while improving indoor air quality and resident comfort. 3.0 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and Task Descriptions The project is to be procured as a design build project. THRHA is responsible for implementing the project, and will procure the services of a contractor to design and install the EEMs. The following table identifies the key milestones and tasks for the project. Attachment A – Work Plan THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 2 Design and Permitting Phase Milestone Tasks Start Date (Months from Project Start) Responsible Party / Verification 1 Project Scoping / Contractor Solicitation Issue design RFP and select contractor 0.0 THRHA 2 Final System Design / Permitting Final design / construction documents and submit application / obtain building permit 1.0 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 3 Final Cost Estimate / Updated Financials Finalize construction cost estimate and financial analysis 2.0 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 4 Overall Review / Proceed to Construction Review documents, approve, and move to Construction Phase 2.5 THRHA Construction Phase Milestone Tasks Start Date (Months from Project Start) Responsible Party / Verification 5 Develop Bid Documents Use design documents, put together solicitation 3.0 THRHA 6 Vendor Selection and Award Run bid process, select contractor(s), negotiate / sign contract 3.5 THRHA 7 Construction Construction and construction management and oversight by THRHA 4.5 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 8 Integration and Testing Testing and balancing, prepare for change over 9.5 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 9 Change Over / Decommissioning of Old System Change over and remove extraneous equipment 10.0 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 10 Commissioning and Final Acceptance Commissioning, final punch list, and acceptance of project as complete 10.5 THRHA Contractor / THRHA Oversight 11 Operations Monitoring and Reporting Ongoing monitoring and reporting 11.0 THRHA 4.0 Project Management THRHA staff would be in charge of completing the project, and Craig Moore, VP of THRHA would the manager of the project. Mr. Moore and his team have extensive experience in selecting and managing engineering and construction contractors for weatherization, energy efficiency, and energy system design and installation at a wide variety of housing facilities. This experience includes the similar Kake Low Rent building, which recently underwent a similar renovation and deep energy retrofit while using a biomass renewable energy system to provide heating needs. The THRHA also has experience managing the design, installation, and operation of air source heat pumps, including an installation at the nearby Saxman Senior Center where an air to water heat pump is used for providing domestic hot water. Attachment A – Work Plan THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 3 This project would be procured as a design bid build project. Mr. Moore’s team has extensive experience in managing building system and energy projects in this manner. Mr. Moore’s team would scope out the project, and procure the design and construction team using THRHA’s well established procurement procedures. Mr. Moore’s team has the hands on experience to provide their own oversight/review of the design and construction oversight. Project risk will be managed through THRHA’s oversight of the project contractors, deliverables, budget, construction and commissioning. Any necessary project changes will be managed through the design consultant’s approval and the construction contract document requirements. It is anticipated that an AIA construction contract would be used. Mr. Moore and his team are also proficient in project communications, community outreach, and recording of project activities and progress. During the course of the project, regular update meetings or teleconferences will be held with contractors. Meeting notes will be recorded for the project file. THRHA will track and monitor the established budget versus actual expenditures by line item. The Team has a wealth of experience in working with contractors and the community. Before work begins Mr. Moore will conduct a coordination meeting to include all key partners and community. Forecasted meetings and reports will include; project coordination meeting, design review, notice of Intent to construct, teleconferences and reporting by the contractor, project commissioning and close out. Mr. Moore has demonstrated experience in meeting the reporting and communications requirements for a wide variety of grant funding agencies, including DOE. The project roles, background, and expertise of the individuals who would be involved in managing and then operating and maintaining the project are discussed in the following paragraphs. Mr. Moore is responsible for THRHA Development and Construction Management, and will be the Project Manager for the design and construction. He works closely with Robert Reimer, THRHA’s Maintenance Manager. Robert is responsible for operations and maintenance of 600 THRHA housing units including multi family buildings throughout the southeast region of Alaska. Robert has been with THRHA for five years and prior he was with the Days Inn for six years as property manager where he was responsible for $24M of property assets. Robert manages THRHA’s 20 onsite field representatives. THRHA field representatives are responsible for repairing and maintaining all THRHA properties which include: inspections, reports, estimating, purchasing, record keeping, scheduling, computer data entry and all aspects of maintenance including plumbing, heating/ventilation, electrical, and carpentry. Field reps have received formal HVAC training and have advanced certifications. Local field representative Eric Trout has extensive facility operation experience, including for the air to water heat pump at Saxman Senior Center, and the existing hydronic heating system at the Saxman Low Rent building. THRHA manages an annual budget of $12 million and employs over 40 technical and administrative personnel. The VP of Administration, Joyce Niven, will lead fiscal management on this project. Ms. Niven has worked in the accounting field for over 20 years and for the past 12 years, she has been employed by THRHA. She has a Bachelor’s of Science degree in business and finance from Western Washington University, Bellingham Washington. Under the leadership of Ms. Niven, THRHA has successfully closed over five new construction project accounts and during the past three years, two of these projects were closed with multiple funding sources Attachment A – Work Plan THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project 4 Ms. Niven, will provide oversight to the project and grant accounting. She will supervise Finance Manager Irene Tupou who is responsible for all accounting functions including grant accounting that is performed by her staff. Ms. Tupou is a member of THRHA management, and she coordinates all aspects of project implementation with her senior colleagues at THRHA to ensure that THRHA complies, and maintains reporting on time and within budget. Bookkeeping functions are performed in house using Emphasys Systems Elite, to manage fund accounting that meets Federal requirements. Ms. Tupou is responsible for all accounting functions including grant accounting that is performed by her staff. Ms. Tupou has experience managing grant funds from a variety of sources, including DOE, and ensures that no expenses that are unallowable will be requested for reimbursement. THRHA financial management and internal controls provide assurance that project goals and objectives will be met and funds will be used efficiently. To provide checks and fiscal oversight, THRHA’s internal financial controls and policy separate duties into three financial functions (authorizing transactions; keeping records; and handling funds). Program funds are tracked in separate grant accounts with a project code allocated to each. Upon award of funding THRHA conducts a grant implementation meeting and review newly established codes for associated expenses. Only allowable expenses are coded and paid out of grant funds, the expenses are approved by the Project Manager and monthly grant meetings are held among the finance staff, project manager, and grant administrator to ensure all expenses are allowable and coded properly according to the approved budget. THRHA also tracks grant in kind and match including labor and expenses that are not allowable as grant reimbursement. In addition, THRHA conducts an annual external financial audit. 5.0 Project Schedule The following project schedule matches the table from the WBS section assuming a project start date of July 1, 2016. Figure 1 – Project Schedule Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment B Site and Resource Maps and Graphics File o Location Map o Building Floor Plan SCALE50' 0' 25' 50'Saxman Low-Rent Multifamily BuildingWESEESaxman Low-Rent Multifamily BuildingSaxman, AKAerial ViewTHRHATlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment C Energy Savings Calculations Attachment C Energy Savings Calculations THRHA Deep Energy Retrofit Cash Flow Analysis Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Housing Building A Heating System B Fuel Oil Usage, gallons C Electricity Usage (heating), kWh D Electricity Usage (non heating), kWh E Total Energy Use (Site), kBtu F Total Energy Use (1.5 Site Source), kBtu G Total Energy Use (3.14 Site Source), kBtu Projected Energy Usage after Renovation 4,058 1,690 68,200 802,527 927,400 1,318,482 Projected Energy Usage with All EEMs 0 57,703 68,200 429,581 644,372 1,348,884 46% 31%2% Item Value Units Source #1 Fuel Oil HHV 0.138 mmBtu/gallon DOE App C Electricity 0.003412 mmBtu/kWh DOE App C #1 Fuel Oil Conversion to Source Energy 1.01 DOE App C Electricity Conversion to Source Energy for Alaska Special Hydro Community 1.5 AHFC Hydro Electricity Conversion to Source Energy National Factor 3.14 DOE App C Annual Savings Dicussion of Calcluation:There are only two types of energy currently used at the facility. These are fuel oil for heating, and electricity for a wide variety of uses. Should all EEMs be implemented, including the low temperature hydronic heating system and air to water heat pump installation, the only form of energy used onsite will be electricity, with the heat pump using renewable heat from the surrounding air/climate. The source of electricity for this community is hydroelectricity, and Saxman is in one of Alaska's special hydro communities. The Alaska Housing Finance Corporation has developed a site to source factor of 1.5 for Alaska's special hydro communities. This factor is used when calculating the realistic source energy use for before and after all the EEMs are implemented. Column E totals the energy use onsite based on the energy usages listed here for the entire facility and the DOE conversion factors to kBtu. Column F shows the annual Source energy use for each scenario, and source values are calculated using the DOE conversion factors, with the exception of the one for electricty. In this case, the factor of 1.5 is used as it is more appropriate for this project than the blanket national value. Column G shows the source energy calculation if the national value were to be used in order to show the impact to the source savings calculation, but again, this is not an appropriate value for this project and is only shown for demonstration purposes. Inputs to Calculations Energy Savings Calculations Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment D Energy Use Data o 2014 Oil Deliveries o 2014 Electric Bills Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment E Energy Audits or Assessments for Deep Energy Retrofits o DE 0005179 – Energy Efficiency Audit, Assessment, and Alternative Energy Study Excerpt from overall report summarizing Energy audit and assessment using AKWarm by Marquam George, LLC Heating Conversion Analysis for Saxman Multifamily Low Rent Housing by Alaska Energy Engineers, LLC Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 87 of 117 2.11 SAXMAN The city of Saxman, Alaska is located on the west side of Revillagigedo Island, about 2 miles south of Ketchikan on the South Tongass Highway. The average annual high temperature is 50.9°F and the average annual low temperature is 39.3°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 7,081 HDD. As an island community, there is no direct road access to Saxman from the main land. Saxman relies on Ketchikan for its boat moorage, air travel, & state ferry services. Saxman is connected to Ketchikan by the South Tongass Highway. The Saxman Seaport has a dock and commercial barge off loading facilities for propane, construction materials, equipment and supplies. The population of Saxman is 447 and the median age is 35.2 years old. Saxman relies heavily on tourism and the Southeast Arts Economy. The average household income is $76,352. There are 136 housing units available in the area with 86 owner occupied and 45 renter occupied. Table 2.11 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.11 1 : Saxman Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #2 Fuel Oil, Gallon 138,800 $3.95 80% 111,040 $35.57 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $2.64 80% 73,040 $36.14 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.10 100% 3,412 $29.31 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.10 300% 10,236 $9.77 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $330.00 80% 12,160,000 $27.14 Note: Fuel prices provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library. Biomass prices obtained from local providers. 2.11.1Saxman 12 Unit Multifamily Housing Building THRHA operates a low rent multifamily building in the city of Saxman built in 1978. The building is of modular construction and contains 12 one bedroom, one bath rental units and is 1 story, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and has a steel roof. The foundation is creosote piles that support a raised floor with a skirted crawlspace. A typical unit is 24' x 20' with all units exiting to a central corridor. The central corridor is 5' wide and has a utility chase above the drop ceiling for heat, domestic hot and cold water piping, and electrical distribution to apartments. The building was weatherized in 2010. Figures 2.11 1 through 2.11 4 show the pictures of the Saxman 12 Unit Multifamily Building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 88 of 117 kFigure 2.11 1 Saxman 12 Unit Low Rent Apartment Building Outside Shell Figure 2.11 2 Saxman 12 Unit Low Rent Apartment Building Back Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 89 of 117 Figure 2.11 3 Saxman Outbuilding Figure 2.11 4 Saxman 12 Unit Low Rent Apartment Building Entrance & Corridor Table 2.11 2 provides the square footage and insulation values of building components for the Saxman Low Rent Apartment Building. Table 2.11 2 : Saxman Building Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Living Area Floors Wall Section 1 House Wall Section 2 Rim Joist Exterior Doors Windows Ceiling 2708 Halibut Street R Value 48.3 11.3 18.4 5.0 2.0 54.4 Area, ft 2 7,425 3,360 7,425 80 688 7,425 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 90 of 117 Two Weil McLain hot water boilers firing on #2 fuel oil are used to heat the building and domestic hot water. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating and to the indirect heated domestic hot water tank. Baseboard heat is located in each unit. The boilers are failing and are scheduled for replacement or removal in the near future. Table 2.11 3 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for the 12 unit building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.11 3 : Saxman Low Rent Apartment Building Annual Fuel Use and Cost Breakdown Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances & Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances & Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 470 $1,857 517 $2,042 67,421 $6,742 $10,641 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.11.2Improvement Option Recommendations The energy audit and blower door tests of the building generated a list of energy efficiency recommendations. Energy efficiency measures considered for the Saxman Low Rent Housing Building are as follows: Air Sealing THRHA would like to tighten building up to no more than 4 ACH50. Insulation THRHA considered insulating the rim joist, floor cavity, and adding insulation to the attic. Air to Water Heat Pumps THRHA considered installing water to air heat pumps and leaving the oil fired boilers for backup. The heat pumps are limited to 130°F leaving water temperature, so the system would be limited to domestic hot water heating or require conversion to low temperature heating. A summary of estimated costs and savings for recommended measures are provided in Table 2.11 4. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 91 of 117 Table 2.11 4 : Saxman 12 Unit – Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Estimated Total Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Air Sealing to 4 ACH $207 $500 2.4 3.8 Air to Water Heat Pumps $1,333 $10,000 7.5 2.0 Insulate Rim Joist with R 14 on Above Grade Wall $32 $699 21.8 1.1 AddR 19 Blown in Insulation to Exposed Floor 2x12 Cavity $174 $7,128 41.0 0.6 AddR 12 Insulation to Attic Space $100 $4,722 47.2 0.5 Totals $1,846 $23,049 12.5 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. 2 Costs and savings for an air to water heat pump are estimated by WES Energy & Environment and assume 90% offset of fuel oil use for domestic hot water. THRHA also is considering upgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not necessarily driven by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Install a new heat recovery ventilator system in the central corridor and common spaces. Replace old Type M copper piping in corridor ceiling with new PEX Install individual electrical meters and service panels in each apartment. Installing a wood pellet fired hot water boiler system Ventilation – The building does not currently have a central ventilation system. The central corridor is not ventilated and carries odors and apartments units have exhaust only ventilation using a bath fan and a range hood. THRHA would like to install a heat recovery ventilator system for corridors and public spaces. A heat recovery ventilator system is estimated to cost $50,000. This system will use additional energy but will improve indoor air quality and occupant comfort. Copper Pipe Replacement – Copper heating pipes are run above the ceiling to individual baseboard heaters in each unit. The pipes are leaking and zone valves are likely failed in place. THRHA is considering replacing the piping with new insulated PEX piping. Replacement costs are estimated at $150 per linear foot of supply and return pipe. Individual Electric Meters – There is currently one electric meter on the building and electricity is billed as a commercial rate. THRHA would like to install individual meters for each unit to encourage a reduction in electricity use. Estimated installed costs for individual electric meter sockets and service panels are $1,100 per unit for a total cost of $13,200. Wood Pellet Heating System THRHA considered the feasibility of heating the building with a wood pellet fired biomass boiler located in a separate outbuilding. The recommended system Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 92 of 117 consists of a 40,000 Btu/hr wood pellet fired hot water boiler and 60 gallons of hot water thermal storage. The financial summary of the wood pellet system is provided in Table 2.11 5. A cost breakdown is provided in Section 4.0 – Attachments. Table 2.11 5 : Saxman Wood Pellet Heating System Financial Summary Current #2 Oil Use, Gallons Current #2 Oil Cost Estimated Wood Pellet Use, Tons Estimated Wood Pellet Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated #2 Oil Cost with Wood Pellet System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback, Years 987 $3,899 7.2 $2,379 $1,500 $780 ($760) 104,843 N/A Note: Assumes 80% offset of the heating fuel use with wood pellets. Fuel price values used to estimate savings are provided in Table 2.11 1. g Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment F Design and Engineering o Heat pump equipment and water kit cut sheets o Heat pump system warranty Date: Job Name/Location: PO No.: Architect: Engr: GC: Rep: For:File Approval Mech: Resubmit Other Tag #: (Company)(Project Manager) Ton Outdoor Unit ARUN072BTE4 MultiV™IV Heat Pump 6.0 Page 1 of 2 LG Electronics USA, Inc. 1000 Sylvan Ave, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632/www.lg vrf.com SB MultiV_IV_HeatPump ARUN072BTE4 01 15 Performance: Cooling Mode: Heating Mode: Nominal Capacity (Btu/h)81,000 Electrical: Piping: Standard Features: Notes: Operating Range: 1.For AHRI ra ngs, refer to the AHRI website h p://www.ahridirectory.org. 2.The combina on ra o must be between 50 – 130%. 3.Sound Pressure levels are tested in an anechoic chamber under ISO Standard 3745. 4.All communica on cable to be minimum 18 AWG, 2 conductor, stranded, shielded and must comply with applicable local and national code. 5.Nominal data is rated 0 above sea level, with 25 of refrigerant line per indoor unit and a 0 ft level difference between outdoor and indoor units. All capacities are net with a combination ratio between 95 105%. 6.Power wiring cable size must comply with the applicable local and na onal MOP (A)40 MCA (A)25.3 Compressor A (A)17.0 Compressor B (A) Refrigerant Charge (lbs)16.9 Liquid Line (in, OD)3/8 Power Supply (V/Hz/Ø)208 230/60/3 Nominal Capacity (Btu/h)72,000 Rated Amps (A)21.0 Fan (A)4.0 Vapor Line (in, OD)3/4 Unit Data: Refrigerant Type R410A Refrigerant Control EEV Shipping Weight (lbs)452 Net Unit Weight (lbs)430 Cooling (ûF WB)**14 122 Heating (ûF DB)13 61 © LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. All rights reserved. “LG Life’s Good” is a registered trademark of LG Corp. /www.lghvac.com Power Input¹ (kW)4.37 Power Input¹ (kW)5.02 Nominal Capacity is outside the scope of AHRI Standard 1230 and based on the following conditions: Indoor:80°F DB / 67°F WB Outdoor : 95°F DB Indoor:70°F DB Outdoor : 47°F DB / 43°F WB Optional Accessories: Air Guide PRAGX2S0 Communication Cable (No x AWG)2 x 18 Heat Exchanger Coating GoldFin™ Compressor: Fan: Type Propeller Motor/Drive Brushless Digitally Controlled/Direct Air Flow Rate (CFM)7,400 Quantity 1 Oil/Type PVE/FVC68D Max Number of Indoor Units²13 Sound Pressure³ dB(A)58.5 Type HSS SC Scroll Quantity 1 •HiPOR (high pressure oil return) •Smart Oil Control •Split Coil Defrost •Night Quiet Opera on •Fault Detec on and Diagnosis **(9.9°F achieved only when all IDU's are operating in cooling mode.) Low Ambient Baffle Kit ZLABKA01A (1), Control Kit PRVC2 (1 per system) 7.The voltage tolerance is ± 10%. Ton Outdoor Unit ARUN072BTE4 Multi V™ IV Heat Pump 6.0 Tag #: Date: PO No.: Job Name/Location: Page 2 of 2 LG Electronics USA, Inc. 1000 Sylvan Ave, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632/www.lg vrf.com SB MultiV_IV_HeatPump ARUN072BTE4 01 15© LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. All rights reserved. “LG Life’s Good” is a registered trademark of LG Corp. /www.lghvac.com •Water cooling and medium temperature hea ng •Domes c water hea ng¹² •Cold surface insula on •Factory mounted inlet/outlet water temperature sensors •Factory mounted internal ßow switch •Third party thermostat interface •Group control¹ •Remote on/o site monitoring capability via the internet¹ •Water Pump On/O Interlock •208V 3-Way Diver ng Valve •208V 2-Way Hea ng Circuit Isola on Valve Date: Job Name/Location: PO No.: Architect: Engr: GC: Rep: For:File Approval Mech: Resubmit Other Tag #: (Company)(Project Manager) Performance: ARNH963K2A2 Hydro Kit Medium Temperature 96 Electrical: Piping: MBh Indoor Unit Cooling Mode: Heating Mode: Rated Amps (A)0.05 Page 1 of 2SB-HydroKitMedHeat-ARNH963K2A2-05-14 For continual product development, LG reserves the right to change specifications without notice. LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. All rights reserved. “LG Life’s Good” is a registered trademark of LG Corp. /www.lg-vrf.com Cooling Rated Test Conditions: Heating Rated Test Conditions: Bldg Water:95°F DB/75°F WB Water Temp. Inlet/Outlet:73.4°F/65.5°F Bldg Water:47°F DB/43°F WB Water Inlet/Outlet:86°F/94.8°F Power Input (kW) Cooling/Heating 0.01 MCA (A)0.06 Liquid Line (in, OD)3/8 Braze Vapor Line (in, OD)7/8 Braze Water Inlet/Outlet (in, OD)1-MPT Condensate Outlet (in, OD)1-MPT Unit Data: Refrigerant Type R410A Refrigerant Control EEV Sound Pressure dB(A) Heating/Cooling 26/26 Net Weight (lbs)77 Shipping Weight (lbs)89 Heat Exchanger: Heat Exchanger Type 316 Stainless Brazed Plate Notes: 1.Voltage ßuctua on tolerance is ±10%. 2.Field mounted. 3.Cannot Þeld splice. 3A. To extend cable length, use Group Control Extension Cable (PZCWRC1), sold separately. 4.On power outage, closes EEV valve(s) to prevent heat exchanger freezing. 5.Requires the installa on of the Hydro Kit controller. Does not apply when used in conjunc on with 3rd party thermostat. 6.Sound pressure levels tested in an anechoic chamber in accordance with ISO Standard 3475. 7.Water only (no an freeze). 8.Not required on dedicated domes c water hea ng applica ons. 9.Alternates ßow between comfort cooling/hea ng equipment and water hea ng tank. 10.Field provided and mounted. 11.Shut-o ßow to in-ßoor hea ng circuit while opera ng in cooling mode. 12.Requires the use of an indirect water storage tank. 13.Field provided thermostat must be a 208V, 24V or mechanical type. Must be Þeld adjustable heating only or cooling/heating with a manual changeover. Cooling and heating setpoint, deadband, and manual restart functions provided by Hydro Kit Controller are not available with use of a 3rd party thermostat. Cannot be used in conjunction with remote temperature sensor. 14.Wired Remote Group Control Cable Assembly (PZWRCG3) required and sold separately. 15.Monitoring capability available using LG’s AC Smart Premium or a BMS system integra on gateway (sold separately). Requires a field provided LAN/internet connection or BMS system provided by others. Power Supply¹ (V/Hz/Ø)208-230/60/1 MCA - Minimum Circuit Ampacity MPT - Male Pipe Thread Rated Capacity (Btu/h)95,900 Entering Water Temperature Range (°F)50-86 Leaving Water Temperature Range (°F)42-77 Rated Capacity (Btu/h)107,500 Entering Water Temperature Range (°F)59-113 Leaving Water Temperature Range (°F)68-122 Air Source Outdoor Unit Interconnected refrigerant pipe length is 25 ft at 0 elevation change. Water Source Unit: Bldg Water:95°F Water Temp. Inlet/Outlet:73.4°F/65.5°F Cooling RatedTest Conditions: Heating Rated Test Conditions: Bldg Water:47°F Water Temp. Inlet/Outlet:86°F/94.8°F Interconnected refrigerant pipe length is 25 ft at 0 elevation change. MOP (A)15 MOP – Maximum Overcurrent Protection Water Flow Control Options: Included Accessories •Hot Water Tank Temp Sensor with 32 communica on cable •1/2" MPT Hot Water Tank Sensor Well² •Remote Wall Mounted Hydro Kit Controller with 32 communica on cable •Standby Power Module •1” Female Pipe Thread (FPT) #50 mesh inlet strainer² Heat Rejected to Equipment Room (Btu/h)Negligible Factory Charge Dry Nitrogen Heat Exchanger Refrigerant to Water Rated Water Flow (GPM)24.3 Nominal Pressure Drop (ft-wg)23.1 Range of Flow (GPM)8-24.3 Water Side Volume (US Gallons)0.58 Water Side Design Pressure (psig)464 Optional Accessories (sold seperately) Dry Contact – PQDSB1 Remote Temperature Sensor – PQRSTA0 Wired Remote Group Control Cable Assembly – PZWRCG3 Solar Heating System Interface Kit - PHLLA Standard Features: 2,4 2,5 8,9,10 8,10,11 10,13 2,3 2, 3A ARNH963K2A2 Hydro Kit Medium Temperature Tag #: Date: PO No.: Job Name/Location: 96 Page 2 of 2SB-HydroKitMedHeat-ARNH963K2A2-05-14 For continual product development, LG reserves the right to change specifications without notice. LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ. All rights reserved. “LG Life’s Good” is a registered trademark of LG Corp. /www.lg-vrf.com MBh Combination Water Heater and Cooler LIMITED WARRANTY PERIODHOW DOES THIS LIMITED WARRANTY APPLY?EXTENDED WARRANTYLIMITED WARRANTY EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONSLIMITATION OF WARRANTY SCOPEASSERTION OF CLAIMSOBTAINING WARRANTY PARTS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONDISPUTEARBITRATIONSEVERABILITYVALIDITY Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment G Economics o 25 yr cash flow analysis with key assumptions Attachment GTHRHA Deep Energy Retrofit Cash Flow AnalysisAnalysis Assumes a 50% Grant Funding LevelSaxman Low Rent Multifamily Housing BuildingInput Variables Value Units YearEnergyCosts withFuel OilSystemEnergy Costswith EEMSImplementedAddedO&M CostNetOperatingSavingsPresent Valueof AvoidedCosts*Net CashFlowPresent Valueof Cash FlowProject Cost after 50% Grant 224,025 $0 $$$$$ 45,000(179,025)$$ (179,025)Yr 1 Cost Planned Air Exchange for Common Space 45,000 1 20,298$ (14,101)$ (1,570)$ 4,627$ 4,627$ 4,627$Yr 5 Cost Fossil Fuel System Replacement239,000 $ 2 20,907$ (14,524)$ (1,609)$ 4,773$ 4,773$ 4,568$Projected 2016 Energy Costs with no EEMs 20,298 $ 3 21,534$ (14,960)$ (1,649)$ 4,924$ 4,924$ 4,510$Projected 2016 Energy Costs with EEMs14,101 $ 4 22,180$ (15,409)$ (1,691)$ 5,080$ 5,080$ 4,452$Fossil Fuel Inflation Rate (apr) 3.0% Percent 5 22,845$ (15,871)$ (1,733)$ 5,241$ 239,000$ 244,241$ 204,811$Electricity Inflation Rate (apr) 3.0% Percent 6 23,531$ (16,347)$ (1,776)$ 5,407$ 5,407$ 4,339$General Inflation Rate (apr) 2.5% Percent 7 24,237$ (16,837)$ (1,821)$ 5,578$ 5,578$ 4,284$Discount Rate (apr) 4.5% Percent 8 24,964$ (17,343)$ (1,866)$ 5,755$ 5,755$ 4,229$Year 1 Increased O&M Cost 1,570 $/yr 9 25,713$ (17,863)$ (1,913)$ 5,937$ 5,937$ 4,175$10 26,484$ (18,399)$ (1,961)$ 6,124$ 6,124$ 4,121$11 27,278$ (18,951)$ (2,010)$ 6,318$ 6,318$ 4,068$12 28,097$ (19,519)$ (2,060)$ 6,518$ 6,518$ 4,016$13 28,940$ (20,105)$ (2,111)$ 6,723$ 6,723$ 3,965$14 29,808$ (20,708)$ (2,164)$ 6,936$ 6,936$ 3,914$15 30,702$ (21,329)$ (2,218)$ 7,155$ 7,155$ 3,863$16 31,623$ (21,969)$ (2,274)$ 7,380$ 7,380$ 3,814$17 32,572$ (22,628)$ (2,331)$ 7,613$ 7,613$ 3,764$18 33,549$ (23,307)$ (2,389)$ 7,853$ 7,853$ 3,716$19 34,556$ (24,006)$ (2,449)$ 8,101$ 8,101$ 3,668$20 35,592$ (24,726)$ (2,510)$ 8,356$ 8,356$ 3,621$21 36,660$ (25,468)$ (2,573)$ 8,619$ 8,619$ 3,574$22 37,760$ (26,232)$ (2,637)$ 8,891$ 8,891$ 3,528$23 38,893$ (27,019)$ (2,703)$ 9,170$ 9,170$ 3,482$24 40,059$ (27,830)$ (2,770)$ 9,459$ 9,459$ 3,437$25 41,261$ (28,665)$ (2,840)$ 9,757$ 9,757$ 3,392$Net Present Value120,911$See table 2.35 in the report for listing of avoided costs. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment H Statement of Commitment and Cost Sharing o Central Council Tlingit Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska Project Support o Authorization for Application o Statement of Commitment and Cost Sharing Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment I Agreements o Long term lease from Saxman for building land Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment J Subcontract Plan Subcontracting Plan Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project THRHA will be responsible for the implementation and administration of this project, and it is anticipated that this project would be procured as a design build project, or possibly a design bid build project. THRHA has selected the contractors for this project at this point, and is thus submitting this subcontracting plan. Mr. Moore’s team has extensive experience in managing building system and energy projects in this manner. Mr. Moore’s team would scope out the project, and procure the design and construction team using THRHA’s well established procurement procedures. Mr. Moore’s team has the hands on experience to provide their own oversight/review of the design and construction oversight. THRHA has a Procurement Policy in place which will be applied to the procurement of all contract labor and materials secured for this project. The THRHA Board of Commissioners, by resolution has adopted this Policy for implementation of all THRHA projects. THRHA Policy outlines the process for both procurement of identified goods and services required by established thresholds of the purchases (small purchase $0 $100,000); Sealed Bids/invitation for Bids (IFB), when applicable over $100,000; Competitive Proposals/Request for Proposals (RFP), when applicable over $100,000; and Non Competitive (Sole Source) Proposals, as well as the methods used for purchase (request for price quotes, request for proposals, and invitation for bids) that controls the method of procurement. Technical Report in Preparation for Seeking Grant Funding December 15, 2015 THRHA Saxman Low Rent Multifamily Deep Energy Retrofit Project Attachment K Resumes o Craig Moore – VP Development and Construction Management o Joyce Niven – VP Administration o Irene Tupou – Finance Manager Staff Background Joyce M. Niven, Vice President of Administration Academic Bachelor of Arts 1987 Business, Finance Concentration, Western Washington University, Bellingham Washington Professional VP of Administration Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority January 2014 to present Fiscal Officer Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority December 2004 to January 2014 Senior Accountant Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority November 2000 to December 2004 General Manager Capital Office Supply 1995 – November 2000 Finance Manager Capital Office Supply February 1990 to 1995 Accounting Supervisor Fluor Daniel Inc. 1988 – December 1989 Community Involvement Event Co-Chair American Cancer Society Relay for Life of Juneau Volunteer Juneau Women of the Moose Staff Background Craig Moore, VP Planning and Development Academic Construction Technology Portland Community College Business Administration Portland State College Building Construction Technology University of Alaska Southeast Training in Advanced Cold Climate Homebuilding techniques; Lead-Based Paint Risk Assessments; OSHA regulations; HUD HQS inspections; Mold and Mildew assessments, Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality. Professional Licenses and Affiliations ICBO Combination Dwelling Inspector #1060428-55 Professional Member #0393365 International Conference of Building Officials Certified AkWarm Energy Rater #65 - Alaska Housing Finance Corporation HUD 203(K) fee consultant #S0134 – rehab loans Charter Member Ketchikan Home Builders Association Board of Directors - Alaska Building Science Network Member, Alaska State Homebuilders Association Advisory Board Member, SE Region, Cold Climate Housing Research Center Professional DCM Manager Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority December 2003 to Present Construction Coordinator Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority 1997 – 2003 Project Inspector Ketchikan Gateway Borough General Contractor Owner First City Builders Ketchikan ICBO Home Inspector 1986 - 1997 Energy Rater Irene D Tupou Professional Experience Tlingit & Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA), May 2009 - Present Finance Manager Responsible for oversight of all accounting and reporting activities lead all day-to-day finance operations of a budget of $20 million and supervise a team of 8 staff members including functional responsibility over accounting, accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and grants administration. Oversee cash flow planning and ensure availability of funds as needed. Ensure THRHA has the systems and procedures in place to support effective program implementation and comply with audit standards. Work closely with program managers and their staffs, not only to educate them regarding finance and accounting procedures but also to explore how the finance function can support program operations. Accounting Supervisor Responsible for the day to day operations of fiscal department. Supervise staff engaged in payroll, accounts payable, travel, and accounts receivable. Also reconcile general ledger accounts, post adjusting journals to general ledger, and review daily cash receipts. Assist Controller in annual audit and special projects as assigned. Supervise 4 staff. Central Council Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska (CCTHITA), March 2000 – May 2009 Deputy Manager, Tribal Child Support Assist in planning, directing, coordinating all program activities. Develop and implement department policies, procedures, and protocols conform to Tribal codes, policies and the Code of Federal Regulations. Ensure program components were developed with a focus on organizational mission, and goals identified in the Child Support Program’s strategic plan. Develop, implement, and provide continuous training on data system to assist users in processing and/or accessing information needed. Responsible for case management which includes, assigning and reviewing cases and ensuring cases are in compliance with program requirements. Assist caseworkers in resolving issues with their assigned cases. Visit communities to promote program and answer questions regarding their cases. Generate financial and statistical reports, and file federal quarterly and annual reports for program. Perform Paternity tests for families. Act on behalf of the Manager during his/her absence. Assist in developing the department budget. In the absence of attorney presented cases in tribal court. Supervise 3 Child Support Specialists. Supervisory Accountant Responsible for the day to day operations of the CCTHITA’s finance department. Supervise staff engaged in payroll, accounts payable, travel, cash deposits, benefits programs, budgets, and grants. Assist CFO with annual audit, indirect cost proposal, insurance, and special projects. Supervise 5 accounting support staff. Accounting Technician Process transactions for retirement plan. Post general ledger entries for investment transactions. Install upgrades or fixes for accounting system. Implement cash receipts and electronic timesheet modules. Develop procedures and training materials for employees. Assist department with accounting and computer software problems. Process payroll when Payroll Technician was not available. LABYRINTH TECHNOLOGY, January 1999 – March 2000 Bookkeeper Responsible for processing payrolls for affiliated companies. Complete federal and state reports. Ensure sufficient funds are in company bank accounts for all affiliated companies and process cash transfers when necessary. Responsible for accounts payable and accounts receivable. Reconcile bank statements and post entries in general ledger. KLUKWAN, INC. May 1993 – January 1999 Pension/Insurance\Shareholder Specialist Pension Plan - Verify eligibility and process of transactions involving cash transfers in or out of the trust. Reconcile trust statements. Communicate with participants to facilitate transactions for pension plan. Resolve participant questions and problems regarding benefits. Ensure corporate compliance with ERISA Act and Department Labor. Review and process retirement forms (i.e. beneficiary designations, salary deferrals, loans, hardships, and distributions) for 401k plan. Audit payroll reports to ensure accuracy regarding eligible wages and contributions. Enroll new participants and inform payroll offices of new or changed information. Maintain participants’ files. Cash Management – Daily processing of cash data and funding of subsidiary accounts as needed. Download daily cash transactions that affect all company checking accounts, estimate check clearing and cash needs for each subsidiary company and consolidate the Line of Credit from Bank. Prepare daily cash reports for management. Data entry of monthly transactions and reconcile cash accounts. Insurance – Reporting, monitoring and administering the corporate property, casualty and liability insurance programs. Allocating and coding insurance invoices to proper subsidiary. Data entry of monthly insurance expenses and reconciles prepaid insurance accounts. Assist in the annual insurance renewal process. Shareholder Services – Process monthly shareholder distribution checks and annual 1099’s for shareholders. This included auditing reports and verifying calculations were accurate based on the dollar per share authorized. Process payments to shareholders for emergency loan program. Track repayments before issuing distributions and new loans. Ensure policies set by Board of Directors were followed. Resolve shareholders’ questions. Reconcile shareholder expense accounts and post journals to general ledger. Assist shareholders in completing beneficiary forms. Maintain strict confidentiality of records and corporate information. UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA SOUTHEAST, September 1987 – September 1992 Personnel Technician II Resolve employee concerns on benefits and wages. Provide technical information and training to cost center clerks and outlying locations on personnel, payroll, benefits and the Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) procedures. This position required extensive knowledge of policies, payroll practices, state and federal requirements, and benefits plans. Conduct orientations and exit interviews individually or in-group settings. Assist employees and departments in completing personnel and payroll forms. Reviewed payroll reports for discrepancies and made corrective actions when necessary. Calculate adjustments on pay, taxes, deductions, benefits and leave. Back up for Recruitment Technician which involved reviewing applications and screening documents to ensure compliance to EEO requirements; prepare job descriptions and advertisements. Personnel Technician (Benefits) Coordinate Annual Benefits Fair for employees. Compile HR statistics for reports from personnel records, verifying and determining placement of data. Re-design personnel and payroll forms for the University of Alaska statewide. Enroll employees in PERS, TRS, and Tax Shelter Annuities. Research records for years of service and report to State of Alaska retirement plans the number of years vested for employees. During the statewide implementation of HRIS (integrated data system) participated on payroll and forms committees. During this time developed forms for payroll and human resource which were used by all the University of Alaska’s campuses. Personnel Technician (Payroll) Review payroll reports for discrepancies and made corrective action when necessary. Calculate payroll adjustments on leave, labor accounts, voids, retros, and overpayments. Process employee initiated actions such as taxes, benefits and deductions. Perform special projects that required researching personnel and payroll records and producing reports. EDUCATION B.S., Travel Management, Brigham Young University – Hawaii Campus, 1986 A.A., Business Information, Brigham Young University – Hawaii Campus, 1986 DE 0005179 Energy E ciency Audit, Assessment, and Alterna ve Energy Study July 30, 2015 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Final Technical Report Energy E ciency Audits, Energy Usage Assessments, and Alterna ve Energy Studies for Low Income, Mul family Residences in Southeast Alaska Communi es Principal Inves gator: Craig Moore Consor um/Teaming Members : THRHA Weatheriza on Sta , WES Energy & Environment, Alaska Energy Engineering, Marquam George, Lime Solar, BacGen Solar, Michael Reid Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 THRHA Communities Evaluated with the DOE K11 Grant................................................... 2 2.1 Angoon............................................................................................................................. 3 2.1.1 Angoon Multi Family Dwellings................................................................................ 4 2.1.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 10 2.2 Craig................................................................................................................................13 2.2.1 Craig 9 Unit Multifamily Building........................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 17 2.3 Haines............................................................................................................................. 21 2.3.1 Haines 12 Unit Multifamily Building...................................................................... 21 2.3.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 24 2.4 Hoonah........................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.1 Hoonah 12 Unit Multifamily Building..................................................................... 27 2.4.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 30 2.5 Juneau ............................................................................................................................ 33 2.5.1 Juneau Multifamily Dwellings................................................................................. 33 2.5.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 52 2.6 Kake................................................................................................................................62 2.6.1 Kake Senior Center (Formerly Kake Elderly Low Rent Building)............................ 62 2.6.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 66 2.7 Kasaan ............................................................................................................................ 68 3.7.1 Kasaan Multifamily Dwellings................................................................................. 68 2.7.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 71 2.8 Ketchikan........................................................................................................................ 73 2.8.1 Ketchikan Fourplex Multifamily Building................................................................ 73 2.8.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 75 2.9 Klawock .......................................................................................................................... 77 2.9.1 Klawock 18 Unit Senior Housing Building............................................................... 77 2.9.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 79 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska 2.10 Petersburg .................................................................................................................. 80 2.10.1 Eagle Raven Apartments ........................................................................................ 80 2.10.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 83 2.11 Saxman ....................................................................................................................... 86 2.11.1 Saxman 12 Unit Multifamily Housing Building....................................................... 86 2.11.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 89 2.12 Wrangell ..................................................................................................................... 92 2.12.1 Wrangell Multifamily and Mixed Use Buildings...................................................... 92 2.12.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................... 98 2.13 Yakutat...................................................................................................................... 100 2.13.1 Yakutat Multi Family Dwellings............................................................................ 100 2.13.2 Improvement Option Recommendations............................................................. 111 3.0 Potential Funding Sources for Improvements................................................................. 114 4.0 Attachments..................................................................................................................... 116 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 1 of 116 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA) received a DOE Tribal Energy Grant (Award #DE EE0005179 – Energy Efficiency Audit, Assessment, and Alternative Energy Study) to assess 46 low income multifamily residences owned and managed by THRHA in up to 14 southeast Alaska communities. The Objective of the grant was to identify efficiency measures to reduce energy costs by 30% for low income multifamily housing by: 1. Decreasing energy demand by increasing multifamily housing energy efficiency 2. Reducinghouseholdenergyconsumptionthroughenergyconservationeducationand installation of energy upgrades 3. Projecting energy savings based on fossil fuel reduction to environmentally and economically benefit Tribal southeast communities To accomplish the above Item #2, THRHA implemented the Energy Cents program to educate households on energy conservation behavior and ways to reduce energycosts. The Energy Cents program also provided homeowners with tools and materials to help seal, weatherize, and improve the efficiency of their homes. Data was collected and compiled to provide a useful baseline from which to estimate future energy savings. Information gathered from the Energy Cents program is being reported separately and is not included in this report. To accomplish the above Items #1 and #3,energy audits were conducted on THRHA multifamily buildings to assess existing conditions and to model energy efficiency improvement options for future installation work.The methodology used trained professional energy assessors from THRHA's Weatherization Program as well as contracted energy auditors from the private sector to conduct on site inspections of each building,compile data,and where appropriate,input the data into an energy modeling software program developed by the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation called AkWarm. The AkWarm energy modeling software is used to record building shell data,heating and hot water system data,ventilation and airtightness data,and other data to produce an Energy Efficiency Rating Report.The AkWarm software can also produce an Improvement Options Report (lOR)to estimate the Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR,a type of life cycle cost analysis), and the amount of energy savings that could be realized if certain improvements were completed. In some cases AkWarms were not completed,and the energy auditor used his/her professional observations to make recommendations. Actual energy use, fuel use, and fuel costs were compiled and provided in Section 4 Attachments for reference. Thisreportprovidesafinal summaryofthe findingsof theEnergy EfficiencyAudits, Assessments, and Alternative Energy Studies completed for the 13 communities and 48 buildings as a result of this grant award. The results of the studies add to the understanding of building energy use, potential for energy conservation, and corresponding economic feasibility for implementing identified projects. The research completed directly benefits the local communities since implementingcostsavingsprojectsallowsTHRHAtokeephousingcostsaffordableforoccupants. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 2 of 116 2.0 THRHA COMMUNITIES EVALUATED WITH THE DOE K11 GRANT THRHA manages buildings in 13 communities in Southeast Alaska that received funding from the DOE Tribal Energy Grant to complete Energy Efficiency Audits, Assessments, and Alternative Energy Studies. The communities evaluated under the DOE Tribal Energy Grant include: Angoon Craig Haines Hoonah Juneau Kake Kasaan Ketchikan Klawock Petersburg Saxman Wrangell Yakutat The communities are spread out geographically across Southeast Alaska. Many are accessible exclusively by air or ferry. The communities of Craig, Klawock, and Kasaan are all located on Prince of Wales Island and are connected to each other by the extensive road system within the island. The community of Hydaburg was originally considered for evaluation, however THRHA sold the multifamily building to the local tribe and is not included in the report. There are a wide range of utility prices between the communities due to differing fuel sources for electricity generation and accessibility for heating fuel deliveries. Angoon, Hoonah, and Yakutat are all high cost diesel electric communities paying in excess of $0.50/kWh. The remainingcommunitieshave accesstohydroelectric generation and pay $0.25/kWh or less. This section provides a summary of the Energy Efficiency Measures identified and Assessments of Alternative Energy Sources evaluated for the communities under the DOE Tribal Energy Grant. Each community is listed alphabetically. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 3 of 116 2.1 ANGOON The City of Angoon, Alaska is located on Admiralty Island approximately 60 miles southwest of Juneau. The average annual high temperature is47.6°F and the average annual low temperature is 36.9°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 8,284 HDD. The community has a population of 456with anaverage household income of approximately$64,869per year. Many jobs are seasonal or temporary Transportation of goods and people to and from Angoon is primarily by water and air. As an island community, Angoon is not road connected to other Alaskan communities. Air transport is by float plane only since there is no airport. Angoon is served by the AMHS ferry system and the schedulevariesbymonthandseason. TheferriesservingAngoonhavealimitedcarryingcapacity and can only accommodate containers on chassis of 20 feet or less. Angoon does not have regularly scheduled barge service and all materials transported by AMHS must yield to their regulations and the limited carryingcapacity. No fuel oils may be transported on an AMHS ferry. Chartered barges and landing craft may be used for transporting goods and materials, but may require a beach landing since there is no barge dock or container transfer facility. However, The Angoon Trading Company (Angoon Oil and Gas) has made arrangements with AMHS to use the ferry dock and ramp to offload oil and fuel that is transported by Alaska Marine Lines barge service. Angoon is a high cost energy community that endures extremely high utility costs. Residential homes in Angoon predominantly use fuel oil heat and electricity is provided by Inside Passage Electric Cooperative (IPEC), generated by fuel oil fired generators. IPEC has the ability to recover heat,andiscurrentlysupplyingwasteheattothenearbyelementaryschool andhighschool. It’s unlikely there is enough excess heat to economically supply additional buildings. A small percentage of residential homes heat with locally sourced wood. It is typically cost effective to implement energy efficiency upgrades in Angoon due to the high cost of energy. Angoon Fuel has heating oil and LPG available for purchase in Angoon. They also make fuel deliveries to residences. There is no supplier in Angoon for bulk wood pellets or 40# bags of wood pellets. There are no warehouses to store wood pellets. There are no commercial suppliersofcordwood. Angoonhasnogeneralcontractors,orelectricalorheatingcontractors. Current utility prices are $0.62/kWh for electricity and $5.36/gallon for #1 fuel oil. The electric price is subsidized for residential customers at $0.2447/kWh for the first 500 kWh by the Alaska Energy Authoritythroughthe PowerCostEqualization (PCE)program. Additionally, wood pellets can be purchased from fuel suppliers located in Ketchikan, Alaska. Anticipated costs per ton including shipping will range from $400 to $450 per ton. No wood pellet systems are currently utilized in Angoon. Table 2.1 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 4 of 116 Table 2.1 1 : Angoon Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon 134,000 $5.36 80% 107,200 $50.00 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $6.26 80% 73,040 $85.71 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.62 100% 3,412 $181.71 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.62 300% 10,236 $60.57 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $400.00 80% 12,160,000 $32.89 Note: Fossil fuel prices provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library. Biomass & propane prices obtained from local providers. 2.1.1 Angoon Multi Family Dwellings THRHA owns and operates a community center and 22 residential low income housing units within 8 multiplex buildings located in Angoon, Alaska. Four duplex, two triplex, two fourplex and a community building consist of 21,772 ft 2 of conditioned floor space. The buildings utilize hot water boilers manufactured by Burnham that fire on #1 fuel oil. Circulating pumps distribute heating water through baseboard radiators for space heating. Domestic hot water is generated with the heating boilers using indirect hot water storage tanks. The boilers have been in operation for 18 years and are scheduled to be replaced in the near future. Fuel use for space heating and domestic hot water totaled 11,400 gallons of #1 fuel oil. Current fuel oil prices are $5.36/gallon which results in a total annual cost of $61,104 for space heating and domestic hot water. THRHA has weatherized the buildings under a State weatherization program to ensure energy efficiency as the first measure of energy conservation. Duplex Units: Style #1 Two Duplex Style #1 buildings located in Angoon are operated by THRHA. They are two story, 4 bedroomseach,stickframeconstruction,vinylsided,andhavesteelroofs. Figures2.1 1and 2.1 2 show the typical outside and mechanical room of a Duplex Style #1 building. Figure 2.1 1 : Typical Angoon Duplex Style #1 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 5 of 116 Figure 2.1 2 : Typical Angoon Duplex Style #1 Mechanical Room The addresses associated with the four units in this style are provided in Table 2.1 2. Table 2.1 2 : Angoon Duplex Style #1 Building Addresses Building Address Layout Style 801 Xootz Road 1A Duplex Style #1 803 Xootz Road 1B 805 Xootz Road 2A 807 Xootz Road 2B Square footages and insulation values of building components are listed in Table 2.1 3. Table 2.1 3 : Angoon Duplex Style #1 Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Floors Walls Entry Door Mechanical Door Windows House Attic Mechanical Attic R Value 37.2 16.7 2.6 5.0 3.6 55.2 40.4 Area, ft 2 829 1,440 20 20 111 784 45 Two Burnham hot water boilers firing on #1 fuel oil are used for each duplex building, with one dedicated boiler per housing unit. The boilers are each rated at 84,000 Btu/hr and have an efficiencyof78%asdeterminedbyastacktest. Hotwatercirculationpumpsdistributehotwater for space heating. Table 2.1 4 provides a breakdown of annual energy costs for two units in the Duplex Style #1 buildings. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 6 of 116 Table 2.1 4 : Annual Duplex Style #1 Energy Cost Breakdown Unit Space Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Water Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #1 Oil Cost Appliances / Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances / Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1 251 $1,345 217 $1,163 6,778 $1,627 $4,135 2 255 $1,367 217 $1,163 6,778 $1,627 $4,157 Totals 506 $2,712 434 $2,326 13,556 $3,253 $8,292 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library Duplex Units: Style #2 Two Duplex Style #2 buildings located in Angoon are operated by THRHA. They are one story, 3 bedrooms each, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and have steel roofs. Figure 2.1 3 shows the typical outside of a Duplex Style #2 building. Figure 2.1 3 : Typical Angoon Duplex Style #2 The addresses associated with the four units in this style are provided in Table 2.1 5. Table 2.1 5 : Angoon Duplex Style #2 Building Addresses Building Address Layout Style 809 Xootz Road 3A Duplex Style #2 811 Xootz Road 3B 813 Xootz Road 4A 815 Xootz Road 4B Square footages and insulation values of building components are listed in Table 2.1 6. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 7 of 116 Table 2.1 6 : Angoon Duplex Style #2 Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Floors Walls Front Entry Door Rear Entry Door Windows House Attic R Value 37.2 16.2 2.6 5.0 3.6 61.5 Area, ft 2 1,125 784 20 20 74 1,125 Two Burnham hot water boilers firing on #1 fuel oil are used for each duplex building, with one dedicated boiler per housing unit. The boilers are each rated at 84,000 Btu/hr and have an efficiencyof79%asdeterminedbyastacktest. Hotwatercirculationpumpsdistributehotwater for space heating Table 2.1 7 provides a breakdown of annual energy costs for two units in the Duplex Style #2 buildings. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.1 7 : Annual Duplex Style #2 Energy Cost Breakdown Unit Space Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Water Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #1 Oil Cost Appliances / Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances / Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1 168 $900 179 $959 6,428 $1,543 $3,403 2 249 $1,335 179 $959 6,428 $1,543 $3,837 Totals 417 $2,235 358 $1,919 12,856 $3,085 $7,239 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library Triplex Units Two Triplex buildingslocated in Angoon are operated by THRHA. They are one story, 1 bedroom each, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and have steel roofs. Figure 2.1 4 shows the typical outside and mechanical room of a Triplex building. Figure 2.1 4 : Typical Angoon Triplex Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 8 of 116 The addresses associated with the six housing units are provided in Table 2.1 8. Table 2.1 8 : Angoon Triplex Building Addresses Building Address Layout Style 806 Xootz Road 7A Triplex 808 Xootz Road 7B 810 Xootz Road 7C 814 Xootz Road 9A 816 Xootz Road 9B 818 Xootz Road 9C Square footages and insulation values of building components are listed in Table 2.1 9. Table 2.1 9 : Triplex Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Floor Walls Entry Door South Atrium Door Windows Windows House Attic R Value 37.2 16.7 2.6 2.0 3.6 73.4 Area, ft 2 598 368 20 40 17 598 Three Burnham hot water boilers firing on #1 fuel oil are used for each Triplex building, with one dedicated boiler per housing unit. The boilers are each rated at 84,000 Btu/hr and have an efficiency of 76% as determined by stack test. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating. Table 2.1 10 provides a breakdown of annual energy costs for three units in each triplex building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.1 10 : Annual Triplex Energy Cost Breakdown Unit Space Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Water Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #1 Oil Cost Appliances / Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances / Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1 63 $338 62 $332 5,585 $1,340 $2,010 2 65 $348 62 $332 5,585 $1,340 $2,021 3 88 $472 62 $332 5,586 $1,341 $2,145 Totals 216 $1,158 186 $997 16,756 $4,021 $6,176 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 9 of 116 Fourplex Units Two Fourplex buildings located in Angoon are operated by THRHA. They are two story, 2 bedrooms each, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and have steel roofs. Figure 2.1 5 shows the typical outside and mechanical room of a Fourplex building. Figure 2.1 5 : Typical Angoon Fourplex The addresses associated with the eight housing units provided in Table 2.1 11. Table 2.1 11 : Angoon Fourplex Building Addresses Building Address Layout Style 817 Xootz Road 5A Fourplex 819 Xootz Road 5B 821 Xootz Road 5C 823 Xootz Road 5D 825 Xootz Road 6A 827 Xootz Road 6B 829 Xootz Road 6C 831 Xootz Road 6D Square footages and insulation values of the building components are listed in Table 2.1 12. Table 2.1 12 : Fourplex Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Living Area Floors Mechanical Area Floors Walls Entry Door 1 Entry Door 2 Windows House Attic Apartment C Mechanical Attic House Attic Apartment D R Value 36.3 8.3 16.2 2.6 5.0 3.6 57.6 40.4 66.0 Area, ft 2 1,772 140 2,924 20 80 444 886 140 886 The Fourplex buildings have recently been converted from using 4 boilers with each serving a unit to one central oil boiler for all 4 units. The new hot water boilers are manufactured by Weil Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 10 of 116 McLain and are rated at 170,000 Btu/hr with #1 fuel oil. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating. An indirect domestic hot water storage tank is heated using water from the hydronic heating system to charge the tank. Table 2.1 13 provides a breakdown of annual energy costs for four units in each Fourplex building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.1 13 : Annual Fourplex Energy Cost Breakdown Unit Space Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Water Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #1 Oil Cost Appliances / Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances / Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1 428 $2,294 450 $2,412 24,407 $5,857 $10,563 2 428 $2,294 450 $2,412 24,407 $5,857 $10,563 3 428 $2,294 450 $2,412 24,407 $5,857 $10,563 4 428 $2,294 450 $2,412 24,407 $5,857 $10,563 Totals 1,712 $9,176 1,800 $9,648 97,628 $23,428 $42,252 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.1.2 Improvement Option Recommendations The energyauditsof the facilitiesgenerateda list of energyefficiency recommendations. THRHA has weatherized the buildings under a State weatherization program to ensure energy efficiency as the first measure of energy conservation. Blower door tests and walkthrough assessments were conducted by professional energy auditing companies. Energy efficiency measures considered for the Angoon multiplex buildings are as follows: Air sealing and insulation. Energy efficient lighting Replace refrigerators with Energy Star rated refrigerators A summary of energy conservation measures are provided in Tables 2.1 14 through 2.1 17 for each building type. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 11 of 116 Table 2.1 14: Duplex 1 Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Duplex 1 Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 200 CFM at 50 Pascals. $374 $400 1.1 8.6 Lighting Upgrade $554 $2,860 5.2 1.5 Energy Star Refrigerator $220 $2,000 9.1 1.8 Totals $1,148 $5,260 4.6 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing are estimated using the AkWarm software. 2 Energy Star rated refrigerator savings are generated from www.energystar.gov savings calculator. 3 A detailed breakdown of lighting assumptions is provided in Section 4 Attachments. Table 2.1 15: Duplex 2 Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Duplex 2 Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 500 CFM at 50 Pascals. $571 $1,000 1.8 5.3 Lighting Upgrade $519 $2,460 4.7 1.7 Energy Star Refrigerator $220 $2,000 9.1 1.8 Totals $1,310 $5,460 4.2 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing are estimated using the AkWarm software. 2 Energy Star rated refrigerator savings are generated from www.energystar.gov savings calculator. 3 A detailed breakdown of lighting assumptions is provided in Section 4 Attachments. Table 2.1 16: Triplex Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Triplex Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 300 CFM at 50 Pascals. $141 $900 6.4 1.2 Lighting Upgrade $676 $2,490 3.7 2.2 Energy Star Refrigerator $330 $3,000 9.1 1.8 Totals $1,147 $6,390 5.6 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing are estimated using the AkWarm software. 2 Energy Star rated refrigerator savings are generated from www.energystar.gov savings calculator. 3 A detailed breakdown of lighting assumptions is provided in Section 4 Attachments. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 12 of 116 Table 2.1 17: Fourplex Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Fourplex Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 800 CFM at 50 Pascals. $2,120 $3,200 1.5 6.2 Lighting Upgrade $970 $4,120 4.2 1.9 Energy Star Refrigerator $440 $4,000 9.1 1.8 Totals $3,530 $11,320 3.2 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing are estimated using the AkWarm software. 2 Energy Star rated refrigerator savings are generated from www.energystar.gov savings calculator. 3 A detailed breakdown of lighting assumptions is provided in Section 4 Attachments. THRHA is also consideringupgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not driven by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Install new heat recovery ventilator system in the central corridor and common spaces. Install a wood pellet heating system. Ventilation – The buildings currently have old and mostly inoperable heat recovery ventilation (HRV) systems for whole house ventilation. They also have bathroom exhaust fans with motion sensors. THRHA would like to replace the old HRV systems with new energy efficient heat recovery ventilator systems for whole house ventilation to improve indoor air quality and meet theventilationstandardsforASHRAE62.2 2012. Theestimatedinstalledcostfora heatrecovery ventilator is $50,000. WoodPelletBoilerSystem Adistrictheatingsystemutilizingwoodpelletfiredhotwaterboilers is under consideration for installation. The system would include: a central wood pellet fired boiler plant, buried pre insulated distribution piping, and interconnection with each building for space heatinganddomestichotwaterheating. One newfuel oil boilerwould be installedineach building for backup and supplemental heat during peak heating conditions. Table 2.1 18 shows a summary of costs and savings for the wood pellet system serving all of the THRHA buildings in Angoon. All values are from the August 22, 2014 version of Angoon Multifamily Apartments Biomass Pre Feasibility Reportcreated by Alaska Wood Energy Associates. Table 2.1 18 : Wood Pellet District Heating System Economic Summary Current Oil Use, Gallons Current Oil Cost Estimated Wood Pellet Use, Tons Estimated Wood Pellet Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated Oil Cost with Wood Pellet System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback, Years 11,400 $61,104 103 $30,900 $2,178 $25 $28,001 $323,898 11.6 Note: Based on $5.36/gallon of #1 fuel oil and $300/ton of wood pellets. Annual oil use, wood pellet use, fuel costs, andO&M valuesare fromtheAugust22,2014reporttitled AngoonMultifamily ApartmentsBiomassPre Feasibility Reportcreated by Alaska Wood Energy Associates. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 13 of 116 2.2 CRAIG The city of Craig, Alaska is located on the west coast of Prince of Wales Island and is 55 air miles northwest of Ketchikan, Alaska. The average annual high temperature is 51.0°F and the average annual low temperature is 40.0°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 7,124 HDD. The community has a population of 1,232 with the median age being 36.6 years old. There are 520 housing units in Craig. Owner occupied units number 329, while there are 163 renter occupied units. The community is classified as subsistence and relies on fishing and related support businesses as well as logging support, sawmill operations, and tourism as the economic base. Craig is not directly accessible from the main land. Travel to Craig is through Ketchikan, Alaska byeitherflyingAlaskaAirlinesorusingtheAlaskaMarineHighwayFerry(AMHF).FromKetchikan, servicetoCraigisthroughsmall commuterairlinesor TheInter Island FerryAuthority(IFA)which has daily service between Ketchikan and Hollis on Prince of Wales Island. The IFA terminal on Prince of Wales Island is 30 miles from Craig over paved roads. The Port of Craig is comprised of 3 harbors and 2 docks. Alaska Marine Lines provides weekly barge service for cargo. Current utility prices are $0.23/kWh for electricity and $4.10/gallon for #1 fuel oil. Additionally, woodpelletscanbe purchasedfromfuelsupplierslocatedinKetchikan,Alaska.Anticipatedcosts per ton including shipping will range from $330 to $400 per ton. No wood pellet systems are currently utilized in Craig. Bio Bricks are now being produced and are available in palletized form. Costs ranges from $200 to $250 per ton depending on packaging. Table 2.2 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels. Table 2.2 1 : Craig Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon 134,000 $4.10 80% 107,200 $38.25 Propane 91,300 $2.42 80% 73,040 $33.13 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.23 100% 3,412 $67.41 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.23 300% 10,236 $22.47 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $330.00 80% 12,160,000 $27.14 Bio Bricks, Ton (Palletized Unboxed) 15,200,000 $200.00 75% 11,400,000 $17.54 Bio Bricks, Ton (Palletized Boxed) 15,200,000 $250.00 75% 11,400,000 $21.93 Seasoned Hemlock, Full Cord 18,100,000 $250.00 70% 12,670,000 $19.73 Note: Fossil fuelprices providedby AkWarmsoftwarebasedonthe3/30/2015library. Biomass pricesobtainedfrom local providers. 2.2.1 Craig 9 Unit Multifamily Building THRHA operates a 5,400 ft 2 low rent multifamily building in the city of Craig. The building contains 9 rental units and is 1 story, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and has a steel roof. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 14 of 116 Thefoundationiscreosote pilesthatsupportaraisedfloor. Figures2.2 1through 2.2 4showthe pictures of the Craig Low Rent Apartment Building. Figure 2.2 1 : Craig Low Rent Multifamily Apartments Street Front Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 15 of 116 Figure 2.2 2 : Craig Low Rent Multifamily Apartments Back Side Figure 2.2 3 : Craig Low Rent Multifamily Apartments Under Floor Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 16 of 116 Figure 2.2 4 : Craig Low Rent Multifamily Apartments Boiler Room Table 2.2 2 provides the building address, square footage, and insulation values of building components. Table 2.2 2 : Craig Low Rent Housing Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Living Area Floors Wall Section 1 Wall Section 2 North Door South Door Windows Ceiling 500 East Hamilton Dr Units 1 9 R Value 42.7 15.3 11.3 5.0 5.0 2.0 46.3 Area, ft 2 4,440 314 2,355 20 20 396 4440 TwoWeilMcLainhotwaterboilersfiringon#1fueloil areusedtoheatthebuildinganddomestic hot water. The boilers are each rated at 184,000 Btu/hr and have an efficiency of 84.5% as determined by a stack test. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating andtotheindirectheateddomestichotwatertank. A1,100gallonabovegroundoilstoragetank is used to store oil for heating. Figure 2.2 5 shows the oil storage tank. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 17 of 116 Figure 2.2 5 : Craig Low Rent Apartments Oil Tank Table 2.2 3 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for the 9 unit building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.2 3 : Craig Annual Energy Cost Breakdown Space Heating Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Water Heating Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #1 Oil Cost Appliances / Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances / Lights Cost Total Annual Costs 2,484 $10,184 516 $2,116 50,296 $11,065 $23,365 Notes: 1 Totaloiluseis3,000gallonsperyearasprovidedbyTHRHA. Spaceheatingfuelusewasestimatedbased on subtracting the AkWarm calculated water heating oil use from the 3,000 gallon total. 2 Water heating, appliance, and light energy use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.2.2 Improvement Option Recommendations The energyaudits of the facilitiesgenerateda list of energy efficiency recommendations. THRHA has weatherized the buildings under a State weatherization program to ensure energy efficiency as the first measure of energy conservation. Blower door tests and walkthrough assessments Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 18 of 116 were conducted by professional energy auditing companies. Energy efficiency measures considered for the Craig Low Rent Multifamily Apartments are as follows: Air sealing and attic insulation Outside insulation and rain screen siding Energy efficient lighting Replace refrigerators with Energy Star rated refrigerators A summary of recommended measures are provided in Table 2.2 4. Table 2.2 4 : Craig Energy Conservation Measure Estimated Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Estimated Total Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Above Grade Wall: Add R 14 rigid insulation to rim joist of above grade wall. $40 $723 18.1 1.3 Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 700 CFM at 50 Pascals. $39 $700 17.9 0.5 Above Grade Wall: House: Install R 10 rigid foam board to exterior and cover with T1 11 siding or equivalent. $418 $19,710 47.2 0.5 Exterior Door: North door: Remove existing door and install standard pre hung U 0.16 insulated door. $3 $506 168.7 0.2 Exterior Door: South Door: Remove existing door and install standard pre hung U 0.16 insulated door. $3 $506 168.7 0.2 Lighting Upgrade $747 $11,940 16.0 0.5 Energy Star Refrigerator $252 $9,000 35.7 0.4 Totals $1,502 $43,085 28.7 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. 2 Energy Star rated refrigerator savings are generated from www.energystar.gov savings calculator. 3 A detailed breakdown of lighting assumptions is provided in Section 4 Attachments. THRHA also is considering upgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not driven by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Install new heat recovery ventilator system in the central corridor and common spaces. Install a wood pellet heating system. Install a biobrick heating system. Move building back from roadway an additional 12 feet onto new foundation to create more parking in front of building and room for expansion for a common Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 19 of 116 community room. This will require excavation and concrete “eco block” retaining wall behind building. Replace old Type M copper piping in corridor ceiling with new PEX. Install individual electrical meters and service panels in each apartment so they can take advantage of the Power Cost Equalization (PCE) rates for personal residential usage rather than the current commercial rates. Ventilation – The building does not currently have a central ventilation system. The central corridorisnotventilatedandcarriesodors.THRHAwouldliketoinstall aheatrecoveryventilator system for corridors and public spaces to improve indoor air quality and meet the ventilation standards for ASHRAE 62.2 2012. The estimated installed cost for a heat recovery ventilator is $50,000. Copper Pipe Replacement – Copper heating pipes are run above the ceiling to individual baseboard heaters in each unit. The pipes are leaking and zone valves are likely failed in place. THRHA is considering replacing the piping with new insulated PEX piping. Replacement installed costs are estimated at $150 per linear foot of supply and return pipe. Create Additional Parking Parking is limited at the building due to the landscape and location of the building. Move building back from roadway an additional 12 feet onto new foundation would create more room for parking in front of the building. This would also create room for expansion for a common community room. This will require excavation and concrete “eco block” retaining wall behind building. Individual Electric Meters – There is currently one electric meter on the building and electricity isbilledasacommercialrate. RenterscouldutilizethePCErateifindividualmeterswereinstalled for eachunit. Thiswould reduce theelectricprice from $0.23/kWhto $0.17 per kWhfor the first 500 kWh of electricity use. Estimated installed costs for individual electric meters and service panels are $1,100 per unit for a total cost of $9,900. Wood Pellet Boiler System Installation of wood pellet fired boiler system was evaluated in a pre feasibility study from September 2, 2014 titled High Efficiency Low Emission Wood Fired Heating System Pre Feasibility Reportcreated by WES Energy & Environment. The recommended system consists of a 110,000 Btu/hr wood pellet fired hot water boiler and 200 gallons of hot water thermal storage. The financial summary of the wood pellet system is provided in Table 2.2 5. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 20 of 116 Table 2.2 5 : Craig Wood Pellet Heating System Financial Summary Current #1 Fuel Oil Use, Gallons Current Oil Cost Estimated Wood Pellet Use, Tons Estimated Wood Pellet Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated Oil Cost with Wood Pellet System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback 3,000 $12,300 26 $8,580 $1,590 $615 $1,515 131,497 86.8 Note: Based on $4.10/gallon of #1 fuel oil and $330/ton of wood pellets. Annual oil use and wood pellet use values arefromtheSeptember2,2014reporttitled HighEfficiencyLowEmissionWoodFiredHeatingSystemPre Feasibility Reportcreated by WES Energy & Environment. Biobrick Boiler System Installation of cord wood fired boiler system was evaluated in a pre feasibilitystudyfromSeptember2,2014titled HighEfficiencyLowEmissionWoodFiredHeating System Pre Feasibility Reportcreated by WES Energy & Environment. The equipment recommended for use with the cord wood system would also be used for biobricks. The recommended system consists of a 100,000 Btu/hr cord wood style hot water boiler firing on biobricks and 500 gallons of hot water thermal storage. The financial summary of the biobrick system is provided in Table 2.2 6. Table 2.2 6 : Craig Biobrick Heating System Financial Summary Current Oil Use, Gallons Current Oil Cost Estimated Biobrick Use, Tons Estimated Biobrick Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated Oil Cost with Biobrick System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback 3,000 $12,300 23.0 $5,750 $1,480 $2,460 $2,610 103,667 39.7 Note: Based on $4.10/gallon of #1 fuel oil and $250/ton for boxed biobricks. Assumes 80% offset of oil use with the biobrick system. Capital costs and O&M costs are from the September 2, 2014 report titled High Efficiency Low Emission Wood Fired Heating System Pre Feasibility Reportcreated by WES Energy & Environment. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 21 of 116 2.3 HAINES Haines, Alaska is a Census Designated Place (CDP) located on the western shore of Lynn Canal, betweenthe Chilkoot and Chilkat Rivers.It is about 80 air miles northwest of Juneau, Alaska.The average annual high temperature is 46.8°F and the average annual low temperature is 35.3°F Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 8,453 HDD. Hainesisaccessible byroadviatheHainesHighwaywhichismaintainedyearroundandconnects Haines to northern Alaskan communities. Air transportation is available with 2 regional carriers, Alaska Seaplane Service and Wings of Alaska. Both provide daily passenger service and some freight and cargo service. Haines is a part of the Alaska Marine Highway which provides the only water transportation of vehicles and passengers. Barge service is available for cargo and is offloaded at the 950 foot Lutak Dock. The community has a population of 2,664 with the median age being 46.2 years old. There are 1,784 housing units in Haines. Owner occupied units number 882, while there are 348 renter occupied units. Haines’ economy is classified as subsistence and relies heavily on tourism with 70% of the population employed in the private sector. Table 2.3 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.3 1 : Haines Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #2 Fuel Oil, Gallon 138,800 $4.22 80% 111,040 $38.00 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $4.00 80% 73,040 $54.76 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.23 100% 3,412 $67.41 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.23 300% 10,236 $22.47 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $350.00 80% 12,160,000 $28.78 Note: FuelpricesprovidedbyAkWarmsoftwarebasedonthe3/30/2015library. Biomass&propanepricesobtained from local providers. 2.3.1 Haines 12 Unit Multifamily Building THRHA operates a 7,000 ft 2 low rent multifamily building in the city of Haines that was constructed in 1982. The building is of modular construction and contains 12 one bedroom, one bath rental units and is 1 story, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and has a steel roof. The foundation is creosote piles that support a raised floor with a skirted crawlspace. A typical unit is 24'x 20' with all units exiting toa central corridor. The central corridor is 5'wide and hasautilitychase aboveadropceilingfor piping(heatanddomestic hotandcold water)and electrical distribution to apartments. There are small common areas, including a small laundry room, storage locker room, day room, and the mechanical room. Figures 2.3 1 through 2.3 4 show the pictures of the Haines 12 Unit Multifamily Building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 22 of 116 Figure 2.3 1 : Haines Low Rent Apartment Outside Shell Figure 2.3 2 : Haines Low Rent Apartments Under Floor Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 23 of 116 Figure 2.3 3 : Haines Low Rent Apartments Attic Crawlspace Figure 2.3 4 : Haines Low Rent Apartments Boiler Room Table 2.3 2 provides the building address, square footage, and insulation values of building components. Table 2.3 2 : Haines 12 Unit Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Living Area Floors Walls Door 1 Door 2 Door 3 South Windows Remaining Windows Ceiling 52 Deishu Dr. R Value 24.1 16.2 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.1 29.3 Area, ft 2 6,930 3,188 22 22 22 305 343 6,930 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 24 of 116 Two Weil McLain WGO 6 hot water boilers firing on #2 fuel oil are used to heat the building and domestic hot water. The boilers are each rated at 212,000 Btu/hr. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating and to an indirect heated domestic hot water tank. Baseboard heat is located in each unit. Table 2.3 3 provides a breakdown of annual energy use andcostsforthe12unitbuilding. ValuesareprovidedfromAkWarmreportsusingthe3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.3 3 : Haines Annual Energy Cost Breakdown Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances / Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances / Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1,619 $6,832 658 $2,777 66,629 $15,965 $25,574 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.3.2 Improvement Option Recommendations Theenergy auditsof thefacilitiesgenerateda listof energyefficiency recommendations. Blower door tests and walkthrough assessments were conducted by professional energy auditing companies. EnergyefficiencymeasuresconsideredfortheHainesLow RentHousingBuildingare as follows: Windows Windows have double glazing, but many have broken seals or no longer close completely. They all need replacing with energy efficient new windows with a minimum U value of .28. AirSealing Thebuildinghaslotsofair leakage. THRHAwouldlike totightenthebuilding up to no more than 4 ACH50. Insulation Thermal values of the building shell are low. THRHA would like to increase the R values of the ceiling to R 60, the floor to R 38, and the walls to R 30. Outside insulation and new siding would be required to achieve R 30 walls. Refrigerators – Refrigerators need to be replaced for aesthetic and efficiency reasons. THRHA would like to install energy star rated appliances during scheduled replacements. AsummaryofestimatedcostsandsavingsforrecommendedmeasuresareprovidedinTable2.3 4. Cost and savings values are a result of AkWarm calculations. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 25 of 116 Table 2.3 4 : Haines Energy Conservation Measure Estimated Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Estimated Total Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Ratio Replace 3 outside doors with U 0.16 insulation $190 $1,467 7.7 3.0 Air sealing to 4 ACH $1,283 $5,000 3.9 3.0 Insulate floors with R 30 dense pack insulation $666 $10,380 15.6 1.5 Replace windows with U 0.26 $2,323 $34,650 14.9 1.2 Increase ceiling Insulation to R 60 $608 $16,945 27.9 0.9 Energy Star Refrigerators $372 $12,000 32.3 0.5 Outside wall insulation technique, rain screen, and concrete fiberboard siding $367 $20,888 56.9 0.4 Totals $5,809 $101,330 17.4 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing, windows, and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. 2 Energy Star rated refrigerator savings are generated from www.energystar.gov savings calculator. 3 A detailed breakdown of lighting assumptions is provided in Section 4 Attachments. THRHA also is considering upgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not driven by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Install a new heat recovery ventilator system in the central corridor and common spaces. Replace room exhaust fans with high efficiency low sone exhaust fans with motion sensors and a programmable time delay. Install a wood pellet heating system. Ventilation – The building does not currently have a central ventilation system. The central corridor is not ventilated and carries odors and apartment units have exhaust only ventilation using a bath fanand arange hood. THRHA wouldlike toinstalla heatrecoveryventilatorsystem for corridors and public spaces, and improve the exhaust only ventilation system in each apartment with low sone continuous duty rated exhaust fans on motion sensors with programmable time delays to meet ASHRAE 62.2 2012. A heat recovery ventilator system is estimated to cost $50,000. This system will use additional energybutwill improveindoor airqualityand occupantcomfort. Installingupdatedexhaust fans on motion sensors with programmable time delays are each estimated to cost $600 installed. Wood Pellet Heating System THRHA considered the feasibility of heating the building with a wood pellet fired hot water boiler located in a separate outbuilding. A propane on demand hot water heater will be installed for the non heating season. The recommended system consists of a 70,000 Btu/hr wood pellet fired hot water boiler and 60 gallons of hot water thermal storage. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 26 of 116 The financial summary of the wood pellet systemis provided in Table 2.3 5. A cost breakdown is provided in Section 4.0 Attachments. Section Table 2.3 5 : Haines Wood Pellet Heating System Financial Summary Current Oil Use, Gallons Current Oil Cost Estimated Wood Pellet Use, Tons Estimated Wood Pellet Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated Propane Cost with Wood Pellet System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback 2,277 $9,609 16.6 $5,822 $1,500 $2,769 ($482) 110,865 N/A Note: Assumes 80% offset with wood pellet system. Remaining 20% is offset with an on demand propane fired system.Capitalcostsincludetheestimatedcostforthepropanefiredsystem. Fuelpricesusedtogenerateeconomics are $4.22/gallon for #2 fuel oil, $4.00/gallon for propane, and $350/ton of wood pellets. The savings for the wood pellet system are negative. This is mostly due to the low volume of oil currently used and the high price of propane. If the wood pellet system were operated throughout the summer using efficient loading of the thermal storage tank, coverage could approach 95% and savings could become positive due to increased propane offset. It is estimated that the savings would in the $500 a year range. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 27 of 116 2.4 HOONAH Hoonah, Alaska is the largest Tlingit village in the state and is located on the northeast shore of Chichagof Island, about 40 air miles west of Juneau, Alaska. The average annual high temperatureis49.9°Fandtheaverageannuallowtemperatureis40.6°F. Annual HeatingDegree Days (HDD) base 65F =8,225 HDD. As an island community there is no direct road access to Hoonah. Transportation of goods and people isby plane or boatonly. The AlaskaMarine Highwayprovidesyearround ferryservicefor vehicles and people. The Hoonah Airport has a 3,000 ft paved runway for small aircraft that provide daily flights from Juneau and surrounding communities. Flights are serviced by Wings of Alaska and Air Excursions. The Port of Hoonah can accommodate barge service for cargo shipments. The community hasa population of 764with the medianage being44.6yearsold. There are 399 housingunitsinHoonah. Owneroccupiedunitsnumber181,whilethereare127renteroccupied units. The Hoonah economy is classified as subsistence and is seasonally reliant on tourism. There is a small impact from commercial fishing and logging. Table 2.4 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.4 1 : Hoonah Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #2 Fuel Oil, Gallon 138,800 $4.02 80% 111,040 $36.20 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $4.70 80% 73,040 $64.35 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.62 100% 3,412 $181.71 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.62 300% 10,236 $60.57 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $400.00 80% 12,160,000 $32.89 IPEC Waste Heat, 1 mmBtu 1,000,000 $14.75 100% 1,000,000 $14.75 Note: Fuelprices providedby AkWarm softwarebasedonthe 3/30/2015library.Biomass &propaneprices obtained fromlocalproviders. IPECWasteHeatcostisbasedontheMay2015billanddividesthebilledamountbythequantity of metered energy in million Btus listed on the billing statement. 2.4.1 Hoonah 12 Unit Multifamily Building THRHA operates a 7,650 ft 2 low rent multifamily building in the city of Hoonah that was constructed in 1982. The building is of modular construction and contains 12 one bedroom, one bath rental units and is 1 story, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and has a steel roof. The foundation is creosote piles that support a raised floor with a skirted crawlspace. A typical unit is 24'x 20' with all units exiting toa central corridor. The central corridor is 5'wide and has a utility chase above drop ceiling for piping and electrical distribution to apartments. Figures 2.4 1 through 2.4 3 show the pictures of the Hoonah 12 Unit Multifamily Building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 28 of 116 Figure 2.4 1 : Hoonah 12 Unit Multifamily Building Front Figure 2.4 2 : Hoonah 12 Unit Multifamily Building Back Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 29 of 116 Figure 2.4 3 : Hoonah 12 Unit Multifamily Building Boiler Room Table 2.4 2 provides the building address, square footage, and insulation values of building components. Table 2.4 2 : Hoonah 12 Unit Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Living Area Floors Walls House Rim Walls House Walls House Crawlspace Doors Windows Ceiling 566 Hemlock Street #'s 1 12 R Value 42.8 41.5 15.5 3.0 3.3 2.0 46.3 Area, ft 2 7,650 430 3,189 3,010 60 662 7650 The building is heated using two Weil McClain Gold Boilers with Amtrol indirect "sidearm" water heaters. Circulator pumps distribute hot water to hydronic baseboard heaters. There is no central ventilation system and apartments have their own exhaust only ventilation. In early 2014 THRHA entered into a waste heat purchase agreement with local utility IPEC, and waste heat piping from local diesel electric generation plant was plumbed into boiler room. Existingoilboilersarestillusedassecondary. Table2.4 3providesabreakdownofannualenergy costs for the building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 30 of 116 Table 2.4 3 : Hoonah Annual Fuel Use and Cost Breakdown Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances / Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances / Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1,590 $6,392 560 $2,777 67,781 $38,906 $48,075 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.4.2 Improvement Option Recommendations The energy audit of the building generated a list of energy efficiency recommendations. Blower door tests and walkthrough assessments were conducted by professional energy auditing companies. Energy efficiency measures considered for the Hoonah Multifamily Building are as follows: New energy efficient windows Outside insulation and new rain screen siding Air tightening and increased attic insulation Lighting retrofit to remove old lighting and install new energy efficient lighting Install new Energy Star refrigerators A summary of recommended measures are provided in Table 2.4 4. Table 2.4 4 : Hoonah Energy Conservation Measure Estimated Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Estimated Total Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 1000 CFM at 50 Pascals. $309 $1,000 3.2 2.9 Remove existing vinyl siding and install rain screen, 2” rigid XPS insulation and new concrete siding $994 $182,000 183.1 0.1 Energy Star Refrigerators $888 $12,000 13.5 1.2 Remove old windows and install new energy rated vinyl windows $1,002 $45,000 44.9 0.4 Ceiling w/ Attic: House: Add R 12 blown cellulose insulation to attic with Standard Truss. $200 $12,000 60.0 0.4 Lighting Upgrade $2,688 $24,310 9.0 0.9 Totals $6,081 $276,310 45.4 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing, windows, and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library and are compared to reducing Fuel Oil use. 2 Savings values will be 50% of the values listed when compared to reducing IPEC waste heat use. 3 Energy Star rated refrigerator savings are generated from www.energystar.gov savings calculator. 4 A detailed breakdown of lighting assumptions is provided in Section 4 Attachments. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 31 of 116 THRHA is also consideringupgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not driven by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Install a new heat recovery ventilator system in the central corridor and common spaces. Replace old Type M copper piping in the corridor ceiling with new PEX. Install individual electrical meters and service panels in each apartment so residents can take advantage of the Power Cost Equalization (PCE) rates for personal residential usage rather than the current commercial rates. Installing a wood pellet fired hot water boiler system. Ventilation – The building does not currently have a central ventilation system. The central corridorisnotventilatedandcarriesodors. THRHAwouldliketoinstallaheatrecoveryventilator system for corridors and public spaces to improve indoor air quality and to meet ASHRAE 62.2 2012. A heat recovery ventilator system is estimated to cost $44,000. This system will use additional energy but will improve indoor air quality and occupant comfort. Copper Pipe Replacement – Copper heating pipes are run above the ceiling to individual baseboard heaters in each unit. The pipes are leaking and zone valves are likely failed in place. THRHA is considering replacing the piping with new insulated PEX piping and installing new zone valves. Replacement costs are estimated at $9,500. Individual Electric Meters – There is currently one electric meter on the building and electricity isbilledasacommercialrate. RenterscouldutilizethePCErateifindividualmeterswereinstalled for eachunit. Thiswould reduce theelectricprice from $0.62/kWh to$0.22 per kWh for the first 500 kWh of electricity use. Estimated installed costs for individual electric meter sockets and service panels are $1,100 per unit for a total cost of $13,200. Crawlspace Vapor Barrier – Install 10 mil p mil poly vapor barrier on the crawlspace dirt floor and place pressure treated plywood on top of the poly in the immediate area around the entrance to the crawlspace. Estimated installed costs are $3,500. Wood Pellet Heating System THRHA evaluated the feasibility of heating the building with a wood pellet boiler in a separate outbuilding. The recommended system consists of a 40,000 Btu/hr wood pellet fired hot water boiler and 60 gallons of hot water thermal storage. The financial summary of the wood pellet system is provided in Table 2.4 5. A cost breakdown is provided in Section 4 Attachments. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 32 of 116 Table 2.4 5 : Hoonah Wood Pellet Heating System Financial Summary Current Oil Use, Gallons Current Oil Cost Estimated Wood Pellet Use, Tons Estimated Wood Pellet Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated Oil Cost with Wood Pellet System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback 2,150 $8,643 15.7 $6,283 $1,500 $1,729 ($868) 109,802 N/A Note:Assumes 80%offset with woodpellet system. Remaining20%iscovered with the existing oil firedsystem.Fuel prices used to generate economics are $4.02/gallon for #2 fuel oil and $400/ton of wood pellets. The savings for the wood pellet system are negative. This is mostly due to the low volume of oil currently used, the cost of wood pellets, and the estimated O&M costs. Even if the wood pellet system covered 100% of the heating demand, the O&M costs would outweigh the savings. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 33 of 116 2.5 JUNEAU Juneau, the third largest community in Alaska, is a united home rule municipality located on the mainland of Southeast Alaska. Meterological information for Juneau includes two distinct areas, downtown Juneau, and the Mendenhall Valley, (near the airport and Mendenhall glacier) where most THRHA homes are situated. The Mendenhall Valley is generally a little colder and dryer than downtown. For the Mendenhall Valley, the average annual high temperature is 47.3°F and the average annual low temperature is 34.6°F Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 8,763 HDD. There is no direct road access to Juneau. Travel to Juneau is by air or water. There is daily jet service to Juneau and the Alaska Marine Highway System is available for vehicle transportation. There are two commercial loading facilities for cargo. Heavy equipment and building supplies are handled separately at the Port of Juneau’s Auke Bay Loading Facility. The population in Juneau is 33,119 with the median age being 38.1 years old. There are 13,920 housingunitslocatedinJuneauwith8,010owneroccupiedunitsand5,043renteroccupiedunits. The three largest drivers of Juneau’s economy are tourism, commercial fishing, and Government positions. State and Federal government jobs are responsible for 39% of local employment and the private sector accounts for 60%. Table 2.5 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.5 1 : Juneau Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon 134,000 $4.05 80% 107,200 $37.78 #2 Fuel Oil, Gallon 138,800 $4.05 80% 111,040 $36.47 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $2.42 80% 73,040 $33.13 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.11 100% 3,412 $32.24 Electricity, kWh (Air Source Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.11 300% 10,236 $10.75 Electricity, kWh (Ground Source Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.11 500% 17,060 $6.45 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $375.00 80% 12,160,000 $30.84 Note: Fuelprices providedby AkWarm softwarebasedonthe 3/30/2015library.Biomass &propaneprices obtained from local providers. 2.5.1 Juneau Multifamily Dwellings THRHAownsandoperates18buildingsinJuneauthatconsistoftheFireweedPlace65unitsenior apartment building, 13 duplexes, and 4 four plex buildings. The buildings utilize a mix of electric heat and boilers firing on #2 and #1 fuel oil. Current fuel oil prices are $4.05/gallon for #1 and #2 fuel oil and electricity prices range from $0.10 – 0.13/kWh. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 34 of 116 Fireweed Place 65 Unit Senior Housing Building The Fireweed Place is a 5 story Senior Housing Building located in Juneau containing 65 housing units.Thebuildinghasaconcretefoundation,woodframedwallswithvinylsiding,andanasphalt shingle roof. The ground floor contains office spaces and floors 2 – 5 contain apartments. The building was constructed in 1994 and is an all electric building. Individual electric meters serve each apartment unit and all non apartment electricity use is served by one separate master electric meter. Figures 2.5 1 through 2.5 5 show the construction of the building. Figure 2.5 1 : Fireweed Place 65 Unit Senior Housing Building Front Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 35 of 116 Figure 2.5 2 : Fireweed Place 65 Unit Senior Housing Building Side Figure 2.5 3 : Fireweed Place 65 Unit Senior Housing Building Exterior Wall Construction Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 36 of 116 Figure 2.5 4 : Fireweed Place 65 Unit Senior Housing Building Attic Insulation Figure 2.5 5 : Fireweed Place 65 Unit Senior Housing Building Roof Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 37 of 116 Table 2.5 2 and 2.5 3 provides the building address, square footage, and insulation values of the wall and shell and the windows and doors respectively. Table 2.5 2 : Fireweed Place Wall and Shell Insulation Values and Areas Building Address Item 1st Floor Perimeter 1st Floor Center 2nd Floor Wall House House Ceiling Elevator Ceiling 415 Willoughby Avenue R Value 6.7 35.5 6.6 18.2 38.5 21.3 Area, ft 2 584 1,000 12,155 26,022 13,448 80 Table 2.5 3 : Fireweed Place Window and Door Insulation Values and Areas Building Address Item Patio Doors Emergency Doors Parking Doors Windows Entry Door Window Entry Window Office Window 415 Willoughby Avenue R Value 2.9 1.8 1.7 2.6 1.2 2.6 2.4 Area, ft 2 60 60 27 4,930 27 47 54 Theapartmentsandsupportspacesareheatedbyelectricresistanceheaters.Theyarecontrolled bywallthermostatsorintegralthermostats.Noneofthethermostatsareprogrammablefornight temperature setback. Most of the common area lighting is fluorescent with T12 lamps. Most of the exterior lighting has been converted to LED lamps. There are five T12 fixtures over the main entrance door that are not efficient. The lighting in the parking garage has been recently converted to LED lamps. The building has two heat recovery ventilating (HRV) units that supply the apartments and common spaces. The energy consumption of these units,fans to circulate the air and heating coilstotemper theair, are on the house meter.The units arenearingthe end of theirservice life. There is a laundry room on each floor of the building with a total of 5 washing machines and 5 dryers. The washing machines consist of three top load machines and two front load machines. The top load machines use more water and electricity than front loading models. Thebuildinghasfour50gallonelectrichotwaterheaterssupplyinglaundryrooms,janitorrooms, toilets, and sinks. In addition, there is a 119 gallon HW heater that serves the 2nd floor laundry room, spa, sink, and toilet rooms. Each apartment has an electric hot water heater connected to the apartment utility meter. Table 2.5 4 provides a breakdown of annual energy costs for the building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.5 4 : Fireweed Place Annual Electricity Cost Breakdown Space Heating Water Heating Cooling Ventilation Fans Cooking Clothes Drying Lighting Refrigeration Service Fees Totals $68,682 $31,148 $0 $15,453 $0 $1,152 $47,663 $8,711 $326 $173,135 Note: Energy summary provided from the AkWarm library dated 3/30/2015. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 38 of 116 Granite Street 3 Bedroom Duplexes Style 1 Three Duplex Style 1 buildings located on Granite Street are operated by THRHA. They are one story, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and have asphalt shingled roofs. Figures 2.5 6 through 2.5 8 show the typical construction and mechanical room of a Duplex Style #1 building. Figure 2.5 6 : Granite St. Style 1 Duplex Front Figure 2.5 7 : Granite St. Style 1 Duplex Attic Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 39 of 116 Figure 2.5 8 : Granite St. Style 1 Duplex Boiler, Indirect Storage, & Inline Fan w/ Filter Box The addresses associated with the six units in this style are provided in Table 2.5 5. Table 2.5 5 : Granite Street Duplex Style #1 Building Addresses Building Address Layout Style 4063 Granite Street Duplex Style #1 4067 Granite Street 4060 Granite Street 4064 Granite Street 4047 Granite Street 4051 Granite Street Tables 2.5 6 and 2.5 7 provide the square footage and insulation values of the wall and shell and the windows and doors respectively. Table 2.5 6 : Granite St Duplex Style 1 Wall and Shell Insulation Values and Areas Item Perimeter Floor Below Living Dining Center Floor Below Living Dining Room Perimeter Floor House Center Floor House Wall Rim Joist Wall Common Wall House Rake Walls Interior Mechanical Wall Ceiling R Value 23.1 40.9 23.1 40.9 135.0 21.7 19.2 19.3 18.5 40.4 Area, ft 2 176 160 192 600 117 208 840 48 128 1,143 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 40 of 116 Table 2.5 7 : Granite St Duplex Style 1 Window and Door Insulation Values and Areas Item ICF Wall Entry Doors Windows Sliding Door R Value 19.7 5.0 2.6 2.6 2.0 Area, ft 2 370 20 20 138 40 Two Weil McLain WGO 2 hot water boilers firing on #2 fuel oil are used to heat the building and domestic hot water. The boilers are each rated at 86,000 Btu/hr and have an efficiency of 84.1% asdeterminedbyastacktest. Hotwatercirculationpumpsdistributehotwaterforspaceheating andtoanindirectheateddomestichotwater tank. Baseboardheatislocatedineachunit. Table 2.5 8 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for a typical Granite Street Style 1 Duplex Building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.5 8 : Granite St Duplex Style 1 Annual Energy Use and Cost Summary Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances & Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances & Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1,132 $4,585 342 $1,385 14,634 $1,902 $7,872 Note: Energy summary provided from the AkWarm library dated 3/30/2015. Granite Street 3 Bedroom Duplex Style 2 THRHAownsandoperatesoneStyle2DuplexBuildingonGraniteStreet. Itisatwostorybuilding with stick frame construction, vinyl siding, and an asphalt shingled roof. Figures 2.5 9 through 2.5 12 show the construction and mechanical room of the Duplex Style #2 building. Figure 2.5 9 : Granite St. Style 2 Duplex Front and Side Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 41 of 116 Figure 2.5 10 : Granite St. Style 2 Duplex Back and Oil Tank Figure 2.5 11 : Granite St. Style 2 Duplex Boiler/Hot Water Storage & Crawlspace Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 42 of 116 Figure 2.5 12 : Granite St. Style 2 Duplex Living room The addresses associated with the two units in this style are provided in Table 2.5 9. Table 2.5 9 : Granite Street Duplex Style #1 Building Addresses Building Addresses Layout Style 4039 Granite Street Duplex Style #24043 Granite Street Tables 2.5 10 and 2.5 11 provide the square footage and insulation values of the wall and shell and the windows and doors respectively. Table 2.5 10 : Granite St Duplex Style 2 Wall and Shell Insulation Values and Areas Item Center Floor Dining Room Perimeter Floor Center Floor House Wall Rim Joist Wall Common Wall House Rake Walls Interior Mechanical Wall ICF Wall Ceiling R Value 40.9 23.1 40.9 13.5 21.7 19.2 19.3 18.5 19.7 40.4 Area, ft 2 300 320 345 130 550 1,297 64 135 325 961 Table 2.5 11 : Granite St Duplex Style 2 Window and Door Insulation Values and Areas Item Entry Doors Windows Sliding Door R Value 5.0 2.6 2.6 2.0 Area, ft 2 20 20 138 40 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 43 of 116 Two Weil McLain WGO 2 hot water boilers firing on #2 fuel oil are used to heat the building and domestic hot water. The boilers are each rated at 86,000 Btu/hr and have an efficiency of 81.9% asdeterminedbyastacktest. Hotwatercirculationpumpsdistributehotwaterforspaceheating andtoanindirectheateddomestichotwater tank. Baseboardheatislocatedineachunit. Table 2.5 12providesabreakdownofannualenergyuseandcostsfortheGraniteStreetStyle2Duplex Building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.5 12 : Granite St Duplex Style 2 Annual Energy Use and Cost Summary Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances & Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances & Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1,170 $4,739 268 $1,085 14,634 $1,902 $7,726 Note: Energy summary provided from the AkWarm library dated 3/30/2015. Valley Fourplex Apartment Buildings THRHA owns and operates 4 identical fourplex units on Valley Boulevard. Each building has 2 one story 2 bedroom units and 2 two story 3 bedroom units. The buildings are stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and have metal roofs. Figures 2.5 13 through 2.5 16 show the typical construction of a fourplex building. Figure 2.5 13 : Valley Blvd Fourplex Street Front Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 44 of 116 Figure 2.5 14 : Valley Blvd Fourplex South Walls Figure 2.5 15 : Valley Blvd Fourplex Attic Insulation and Crawlspace Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 45 of 116 Figure 2.5 16 : Valley Blvd Fourplex Living room The addresses associated with the 16 units in this style are provided in Table 2.5 13. Table 2.5 13 : Valley Blvd Fourplex Building Addresses Building Address Layout Style 8414 Valley Blvd Fourplex 8416 Valley Blvd 8418 Valley Blvd 8420 Valley Blvd 8422 Valley Blvd 8424 Valley Blvd 8426 Valley Blvd 8428 Valley Blvd 8430 Valley Blvd 8432 Valley Blvd 8434 Valley Blvd 8436 Valley Blvd 8438 Valley Blvd 8440 Valley Blvd 8442 Valley Blvd 8444 Valley Blvd Tables 2.5 14 and 2.5 15 provide the square footage and insulation values of building components for the 1 story and 2 story units respectively. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 46 of 116 Table 2.5 14 : Valley Fourplex 1 Story Unit Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Floor House/Crawl Space Floor House House Wall Vault Wall Door Windows Window Door Ceiling R Value 14.6 42.0 20.1 20.0 4.0 2.6 1.7 40.4 Area, ft 2 312 528 258 1,256 20 157 20 861 Table 2.5 15 : Valley Fourplex 2 Story Unit Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Floor House/Crawl Space Floor House/Crawl Space Wall ICF Wall Exterior Door Windows Window South Door Ceiling R Value 15.7 43.1 20.1 20.0 4.0 2.6 1.7 40.4 Area, ft 2 192 528 174 1,131 20 205 20 759 One Weil McLain UO 4 hot water condensing boiler firing on #1 fuel oil is used to heat all four units. Domestic hot water is generated using a sidearm heater off of the same boiler and indirectly heats four domestic hot water storage tanks individually serving each unit. The boiler isratedat146,000Btu/hrandhasanefficiencyof84.9%asdeterminedbyastacktest. Hotwater circulationpumpsdistributehotwaterforspaceheating. Awholehouseventilationunitprovides ventilation air to the units. Table 2.5 16 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for a typical Valley Blvd Fourplex Building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.5 16 : Valley Fourplex Annual Energy Use and Cost Summary Unit Description Space Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Water Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #1 Oil Cost Appliances & Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances & Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1 1 Story, 2 BR 542 $2,195 101 $409 6,613 $860 $3,464 2 1 Story, 2 BR 542 $2,195 101 $409 6,613 $860 $3,464 3 2 Story, 3 BR 554 $2,244 62 $251 6,613 $860 $3,354 4 2 Story, 3 BR 554 $2,244 62 $251 6,613 $860 $3,354 Totals 2,192 $8,878 326 $1,320 26,452 $3,439 $13,637 Note: Energy summary provided from the AkWarm library dated 3/30/2015. Kanata Deyi 1 Story Duplex THRHA owns and operates 4 identical 1 story 3 bedroom duplex units on Kanat’a Dey’i Street. Theyareonestory,stickframeconstruction,vinylsided,andhaveasphaltshingledroofs. Figures 2.5 17 through 2.5 19 show the typical construction and mechanical room of a Kanat’a Dey’i 1 story duplex building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 47 of 116 Figure 2.5 17 : Kanata Deyi 1 Story Duplex Street Front Figure 2.5 18 : Kanata Deyi 1 Story Duplex Crawlspace Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 48 of 116 Figure 2.5 19 : Kanata Deyi 1 Story Duplex Mechanical Room & HRV The addresses associated with the four buildings in this style are provided in Table 2.5 17. Table 2.5 17 : Kanata Deyi 1 Story Duplex Building Addresses Building Address Layout Style 4503 Kanat'a Dey’i 1 Story Duplex 4505 Kanat'a Dey’i 4543 Kanat'a Dey’i 4545 Kanat'a Dey’i 4468 Kanat'a Dey’i 4470 Kanat'a Dey’i 4481 Kanat'a Dey’i 4483 Kanat'a Dey’i Table 2.5 18 provides the square footage and insulation values of building components for a typical 1 story duplex. Table 2.5 18: Kanata Deyi 1 Story Duplex Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Floor House Wall House Door House Windows Ceiling R Value 37.2 19.2 5.0 2.6 40.4 Area, ft 2 1,133 720 40 115 1,210 One Weil McLain WTGO 3 hot water boiler firing on #2 fuel oil is used to heat each building. Domestic hot water is generated using a tankless coil in the heating boiler. The boiler is rated at 115,000 Btu/hr and has an efficiency of 85.8% as determined by a stack test. Hot water Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 49 of 116 circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating. A heat recovery ventilating unit providesventilation air to the building. Table 2.5 19 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for a typical Kanat’a Dey’i 1 story duplex building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.5 19 : Kanata Deyi 1 Story Duplex Annual Energy Use and Cost Summary Unit Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances & Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances & Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1 141 $571 193 $782 6,477 $842 $2,195 2 143 $579 230 $932 6,473 $841 $2,352 Totals 284 $1,150 423 $1,713 12,950 $1,684 $4,547 Note: Energy summary provided from the AkWarm library dated 3/30/2015. Kanata Deyi 4C Duplex THRHA owns and operates 3 identical 4 bedroom duplex units on Kanat’a Dey’i Street referred toas the 4C Duplexes. They are two story, stick frame construction, and vinyl sided. Figure 2.5 20showsthreeelevationdrawingsfromthebuildingplansthatrepresentthetypicalconstruction of the 4C duplex building. Figure 2.5 20 : Kanata Deyi 4C Duplex Typical Construction Details The addresses associated with the three buildings in this style are provided in Table 2.5 20. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 50 of 116 Table 2.5 20 : Kanata Deyi 4C Duplex Building Addresses Building Address Layout Style 4530 Kanat'a Dey’i 4C Duplex 4532 Kanat'a Dey’i 4480 Kanat'a Dey’i 4482 Kanat'a Dey’i 4551 Kanat'a Dey’i 4549 Kanat'a Dey’i Table 2.5 21 provides the square footage and insulation values of building components for a typical 2 story 4C Duplex building. Table 2.5 21 : Kanata Deyi 4C Duplex Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Floor House Wall House Door House Windows Ceiling 1st Floor Ceiling 2nd Floor R Value 36.3 19.2 5.0 2.6 40.4 51.5 Area, ft 2 760 1,340 38 135 160 600 One Burnham LE hot water boiler firingon #2 fuel oil isused to heateach building. Domestic hot water is generated using the heating boiler and a Superstor Ultra domestic hot water storage tank. The boiler has an efficiency of 78.1% as determined by a stack test. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating. A Vanee 1000 Solo heat recovery ventilating unit providesventilation air to the building. Table 2.5 22 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for a typical 4C Duplex Building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.5 22 : Kanata Deyi 4C Duplex Annual Energy Use and Cost Summary Unit Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances & Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances & Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1 211 $855 208 $842 6,804 $885 $2,581 2 209 $846 230 $932 6,805 $885 $2,663 Totals 420 $1,701 438 $1,774 13,609 $1,769 $5,244 Note: Energy summary provided from the AkWarm library dated 3/30/2015. Kanata Deyi 3D Duplex THRHA owns and operates 3 identical 3 bedroom duplex units on Kanat’a Dey’i Street referred toas the 3D Duplexes. They are two story, stickframe construction, and vinyl sided. Figure 2.5 21 shows elevation drawings from the building plans that represent the typical construction of a typical 3D duplex building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 51 of 116 Figure 2.5 21 : Kanata Deyi 3D Duplex Typical Construction Details The addresses associated with the three buildings in this style are provided in Table 2.5 23. Table 2.5 23 : Kanata Deyi 3D Duplex Building Addresses Building Address Layout Style 4492 Kanat'a Dey’i 3D Duplex 4494 Kanat'a Dey’i 4430 Kanat'a Dey’i 4428 Kanat'a Dey’i 4461 Kanat'a Dey’i 4463 Kanat'a Dey’i Table 2.5 24 provides the square footage and insulation values of building components for a typical 3D Duplex building. Table 2.5 24 : Kanata Deyi 3D Duplex Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Floor House Wall House Door House Windows Ceiling 1st Floor Ceiling 2nd Floor R Value 36.3 19.2 5 2.6 40.4 40.4 Area, ft 2 936 1,206 38 133 460 476 One Burnham LE hot water boiler firing on #2 fuel oil is used toheat eachbuilding. Domestic hot water is generated using the heating boiler and a Superstor Ultra domestic hot water storage tank. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating. A Vanee 1000 Solo heat recovery ventilating unit provides ventilation air to the building. Table 2.5 25 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for a typical 3D Duplex Building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 52 of 116 Table 2.5 25 : Kanata Deyi 3D Duplex Annual Energy Use and Cost Summary Unit Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances & Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances & Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1 206 $834 171 $693 6,890 $896 $2,423 2 225 $911 171 $693 6,890 $896 $2,500 Totals 431 $1,746 342 $1,385 13,780 $1,791 $4,922 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.5.2 Improvement Option Recommendations Energy Audits were performed by professional auditing firms for the buildings in Juneau. This section provides recommended improvements identified during the audits for each building. Fireweed Place Recommended Improvement Summary Energy Audits and energy efficiency measures for the Fireweed Place Building were split up between the building shell and building systems. The building shell energy audit was completed by the contractor Marquam George, LLC and the building systems energy audit was completed by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC. A summary of the building shell Energy Efficiency Measures are shown in Table 2.5 26. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 53 of 116 Table 2.5 26: Fireweed Place Building Shell Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Location Existing Configuration Improvement Installed Cost Savings SIR Building Shell – Above Floor Exposed Floor: Second Floor Framing Type: 2 x Lumber Install R 14 rigid board insulation to floor. $18,719 $14,804 15.2 Insulating Sheathing: None Top Insulation Layer: None Bottom Insulation Layer: R 4 Batt: FG or RW, 1.25 inches Insulation Quality: Very Damaged Modeled R Value: 6.6 Building Shell – Ceiling Attic Ceiling w/ Attic: House/Elevat or Framing Type: Energy Truss Add R 33 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $166 $26 3 Framing Spacing: 24 inches Insulated Sheathing: None Bottom Insulation Layer: R 19 Batt: FG or RW, 6 inches Top Insulation Layer: None Modeled R Value: 21.3 Building Shell – Ceiling Attic Ceiling w/ Attic: House Framing Type: Energy Truss Add R 21 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $19,634 $1,390 1.36 Framing Spacing: 24 inches Insulated Sheathing: None Bottom Insulation Layer: R 38 Batt: FG or RW, 12 inches Top Insulation Layer: None Insulation Quality: Damaged Modeled R Value: 38.5 Air Tightening Building Air Tightness from Blower Door Test: 18539 cfm at 50 Pascals Perform air sealing to reduce air leakage by 4,635 cfm at 50 Pascals. $4,635 $6,213 11.3 Totals $43,154 $22,433 Note: Savings summary values obtained from the Energy Audit and AkWarm Analysis performed by Marquam George, LLC dated November, 2014. Table 2.5 27 shows a summary of the Energy Efficiency Measures identified by the Buildings Systems Auditor. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 54 of 116 Table 2.5 27: Fireweed Place Building Systems Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measures Annual Life Cycle Costs O&M Energy Total Investment O&M Energy Total SIR Reduce Hot Water Heater Capacity $0 ($900) ($900) $500 $0 ($16,800) ($16,800) 33.6 Air Seal Shafts $0 ($3,520) ($3,520) $8,900 $0 ($65,300) ($65,300) 7.3 Insulate Hot Water Heaters and Piping $0 ($180) ($180) $800 $0 ($3,300) ($3,300) 4.1 Combine Electric Meters $0 ($230) ($230) $2,000 $0 ($4,200) ($4,200) 2.1 Replace Heat Recovery Ventilators $0 ($15,290) ($15,290) $163,400 $0 ($283,600) ($283,600) 1.7 Upgrade Exterior Lighting ($60) ($30) ($90) $1,000 ($1,000) ($600) ($1,600) 1.6 Increase Attic Insulation $0 ($3,360) ($3,360) $57,800 $0 ($62,400) ($62,400) 1.1 Install Air Source Heat Pumps for HRVs $960 ($4,530) ($3,570) $111,900 $16,300 ($84,000) ($67,700) 0.6 Totals $900 ($28,040) ($27,140) $346,300 $15,300 ($520,200) ($504,900) Notes: 1 Savings summary values obtained from the Energy Audit performed by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC dated February 2015. 2 Negative values denote savings. Descriptions of the EEM’s identified during the audit as well as shown in Table 2.5 27 including the purpose, scope, and analysis completed to develop the recommendations are as follows: Reduce Hot Water Heater Capacity Purpose: The recovery rate of the 2nd floor hot water heater serving the laundry and spa area appears to be much higher than is needed to serve the load. Disconnecting one of the heating elements will reduce demand charges while maintaining an adequate HW supply for the fixtures. Scope:Disconnect one of three 6 kW heating elements to reduce demand charges by 6 kW per month. Air Seal Shafts Purpose: Energy will be saved if the plumbing and duct shafts that extend through all floors of the building are sealed to preclude upward air flow into the attic due to stack effect. Scope: Seal the duct and plumbing shafts at the opening into the attic. Insulate Hot Water Heaters and Piping Purpose: Energy will be saved if additional insulation is added to the hot water tanks and the hot water piping is insulated. While the hot water tanks and piping provide some beneficial heat, they are located in interior spaces with little heating load. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 55 of 116 Scope: Install an insulating blanket on each hot water tank and insulate the hot water piping. Combine Electric Meters Purpose: The building has a separate electric meter for the kitchen that creates an additional monthly service charge. Combining the kitchen service with the house service will eliminate the service charge. Scope: Remove the kitchen meter and feed the kitchen service from the main panel MH. Replace Heat Recovery Ventilators Purpose: Energy will be saved if the heat recovery ventilators HRV 1 and HRV 2 are replaced with smaller units sized for the code ventilation requirement. Scope: Replace HRV 1 and HRV 2 with 2,000 cfm units and balance the air system for the smaller air flows. Upgrade Exterior Lighting Purpose: Energy will be saved if the fluorescent exterior lighting above the front entrance is upgraded to LED lighting. Scope: Replace five fluorescent T12 light fixtures with LED fixtures. Increase Attic Insulation Purpose: Energy will be saved by installing additional insulation in the attic. Scope: Add additional blown in cellulose insulation to increase the attic R value from R 38 to R 58. Replace Clothes Washers with Front loading Model Purpose: Three of the clothes washers are top loading models that use more water and energy than front loading models. Scope: Replace top loading washers with front loading models when they require replacement. Reduce Heat Recovery Ventilator Supply Air Setpoint Purpose: The supply air setpoint for the heat recovery ventilators is manually set at 60°F during summer and 70°F during winter. Reducing the setpoint will shift the ventilation load from the house meter to the tenant meters." Scope: Investigate if the supply air temperature setpoint can be reduced without adversely affecting the tenant’s thermal comfort. Install Air Source Heat Pump for Heat Recovery Ventilator Units Purpose: Energy will be saved if the ventilation air is heated with an air to water heat pump instead of with an electric heating coil. Scope: Install two 25 MBH air source heat pumps and hydronic piping connected to the HRVs in the attic. The heat pumps will operate when outside temperature is below 65°F to heat the ventilation air. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 56 of 116 Granite Street Duplexes Recommended Improvement Summary Energy Audits were completed and energy efficiency measures were identified for the Granite Street Duplexes were completed by the contractor Marquam George, LLC. A summary of the identified Energy Efficiency Measures for the Style 1 Duplexes are shown in Table 2.5 28. Table 2.5 28: Granite Street Style 1 Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Savings Installed Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Above Grade Wall: House/Rim: Add R 14 rigid (or same as above grade wall recommendation) to rim joist of above grade wall. $38 $272 7.2 3.33 Ceiling w/ Attic: House: Add R 21 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $40 $825 20.6 1.16 On or Below Grade Floor, Perimeter: House: Install 2' of R 15 rigid board insulation on perimeter of Crawl Space Floor. $5 $104 20.8 1.12 On or Below Grade Floor, Perimeter: House/Below Living Dining: Install 2' of R 15 rigid board insulation on perimeter of Crawl Space Floor. $12 $259 21.6 1.12 Ceiling w/ Attic: House/Living Dining Vault: Install R 19 loose fill insulation in attic with Energy Truss. $26 $626 24.1 1 Window/Skylight: House/North: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $12 $961 80.1 0.21 Window/Skylight: House/West: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $26 $2,124 81.7 0.21 Window/Skylight: House/South/Shaded Bay: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $19 $1,972 103.8 0.17 Window/Skylight: House/South: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $12 $1,922 160.2 0.11 Totals $190 $9,065 47.7 Note: Savings summary values obtained from the Energy Audit and AkWarm Analysis performed by Marquam George, LLC. A summary of the identified Energy Efficiency Measures for the Style 2 Duplexes are shown in Table 2.5 29. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 57 of 116 Table 2.5 29: Granite Street Style 2 Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Savings Installed Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Above Grade Wall: House/Rim: Add R 14 rigid (or same as above grade wall recommendation) to rim joist of above grade wall. $40 $272 3.5 3.33 Ceiling w/ Attic: House: Add R 21 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $42 $825 1.2 1.16 On or Below Grade Floor, Perimeter: House: Install 2' of R 15 rigid board insulation on perimeter of Crawl Space Floor. $5 $104 1.2 1.12 On or Below Grade Floor, Perimeter: House/Below Living Dining: Install 2' of R 15 rigid board insulation on perimeter of Crawl Space Floor. $13 $259 1.2 1.12 Ceiling w/ Attic: House/Living Dining Vault: Install R 21 loose fill insulation in attic with Energy Truss. $30 $669 1.0 1 Window/Skylight: House/North: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $12 $961 0.2 0.21 Window/Skylight: House/West: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $27 $2,124 0.2 0.21 Window/Skylight: House/South/Shaded Bay: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $20 $1,972 0.2 0.17 Window/Skylight: House/South: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $12 $1,922 0.1 0.11 Totals $201 $9,108 45.3 Note: Savings summary values obtained from the Energy Audit and AkWarm Analysis performed by Marquam George, LLC. The walkthrough inspection identified a failed whole house ventilation fan for the crawlspace. This unit is recommended for replacement due to necessity. THRHA also considered installing air source heat pumps for the Granite Duplexes. It was assumed that each housing unit had an indoorheatingonlyunitinstalledintheliving roomandanairtowaterdomestichotwaterheater installed for eachunit. Fossil fuel offsetwasassumed tobe 90% ofthe current fuel oil use. Table 2.5 30 shows the estimated costs and savings for installing heat pumps in a typical granite street duplex. Table 2.5 30: Granite Street Duplex Estimated Heat Pump Cost and Savings Summary No. of Mini Split Air to Air Systems Installed No. of Mini Split Air to DHW Systems Installed Estimated Installed Cost Estimated Offset of Oil Use Heating and DHW Potential Heating Savings Potential DHW Savings Total Potential Savings Simple Payback, Years SIR Ratio 2 2 $20,000 90% $2,910 $879 $3,790 5.3 2.8 Note: Cost and Savings Summary estimated by WES Energy & Environment and assumes 90% offset of the existing fuel oil use for space heating and domestic hot waterand energy cost values listed in Table 2.5 1. A service life of 15 years was used to determine the SIR for each building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 58 of 116 Valley Boulevard Fourplex Recommended Improvement Summary Energy Audits were completed and energy efficiency measures were identified for the Valley Boulevard Fourplex Units by the contractor Marquam George, LLC. A summary of the identified Energy Efficiency Measures for the Valley Boulevard Fourplex Units are shown in Table 2.5 31. Table 2.5 31: Valley Blvd Fourplex Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Description Savings Estimated Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 300 CFM at 50 Pascals. $353 $300 0.8 5.46 Above Grade Wall: House/+ East & West Vault: Add R 19 dense pack insulation, at 3.5 lb./cu. Ft., to empty 2x6 stud cavity. $358 $899 2.5 4.7 On or Below Grade Floor, Perimeter: House/Crawlspace: Install 2' of R 30 rigid board insulation on perimeter of Crawl Space Floor. $176 $630 3.6 3.3 Ceiling w/ Attic: House/Vault: Add R 21 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $60 $591 9.9 1.19 Ceiling w/ Attic: House: Add R 21 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $67 $666 9.9 1.19 Window/Skylight: House/Door: Remove existing glass and install triple, 2 low E, argon glass. $74 $573 7.7 1.11 Above Grade Wall: House/East & West Vault: Add R 15 rigid foam to interior or exterior of existing wall. (Estimated cost does not include siding or wall coverings.) $58 $709 12.2 0.96 Exterior Door: House: Add insulated storm door. $18 $286 15.9 0.55 Window/Skylight: House/North: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $52 $2,073 39.9 0.22 Window/Skylight: House/East & West: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $98 $4,298 43.9 0.2 Window/Skylight: House/South Shaded: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $16 $708 44.3 0.18 Window/Skylight: House/South: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $12 $860 71.7 0.12 Totals $1,342 $12,593 9.4 Note: Savings summary values obtained from the Energy Audit and AkWarm Analysis performed by Marquam George, LLC. THRHA also considered installing air source heat pumps for the Valley Boulevard Fourplex Buildings. It was assumed that each housing unit had an indoor heating only unit installed in the living room and an air to water domestic hot water heater installed for each unit. Fossil fuel offsetwasassumed tobe90% ofthe current fueloil use. Table 2.5 32showstheestimated costs and savings for installing heat pumps in the Valley Blvd Fourplex. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 59 of 116 Table 2.5 32: Valley Blvd Fourplex Estimated Heat Pump Cost and Savings Summary No. of Mini Split Air to Air Systems Installed No. of Mini Split Air to DHW Systems Installed Estimated Installed Cost Estimated Offset of Oil Use Heating and DHW Potential Heating Savings Potential DHW Savings Total Potential Savings Simple Payback, Years SIR Ratio 2 2 $20,000 90% $2,910 $879 $3,790 5.3 2.8 Note: Cost and Savings Summary estimated by WES Energy & Environment and assumes 90% offset of the existing fuel oil use for space heating and domestic hot waterand energy cost values listed in Table 2.5 1. A service life of 15 years was used to determine the SIR for each building. Kanata Deyi Duplexes Recommended Improvement Summary Energy Audits were completed and energy efficiency measures were identified for the Kanat’a Dey’i Duplexes by the contractor Marquam George, LLC. A summary of the identified Energy Efficiency Measures for a typical Kanat’a Dey’i 1 Story Duplex are shown in Table 2.5 33. Table 2.5 33: Kanata Deyi 1 Story Duplex Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Description Savings Estimated Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 400 CFM at 50 Pascals. $194 $800 4.1 2.3 Ceiling w/ Attic: House: Add R 21 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $95 $2,522 26.5 0.9 Exposed Floor: House: Install R 7 rigid board insulation to floor. $61 $2,220 36.4 0.7 Window/Skylight: House: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $35 $3,894 111.3 0.2 Window/Skylight: House/East: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $32 $3,692 115.4 0.2 Window/Skylight: House/South: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $29 $4,046 139.5 0.1 Totals $446 $17,174 38.5 Note: Savings summary values obtained from the Energy Audit and AkWarm Analysis performed by Marquam George, LLC. Table 2.5 34 shows a summary of the identified Energy Efficiency Measures for a typical Kanat’a Dey’i 4C Duplex building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 60 of 116 Table 2.5 34: Kanata Deyi 4C Duplex Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Description Savings Estimated Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 500 CFM at 50 Pascals. $460 $1,000 2.2 4.6 Ceiling w/ Attic: House: Add R 21 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $19 $468 24.6 1.0 Exposed Floor: House: Install R 14 rigid board insulation to floor. $73 $2,097 28.7 0.9 Ceiling w/ Attic: House/Second Floor: Add R 12 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $30 $1,272 42.4 0.6 Window/Skylight: House: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $69 $6,827 98.9 0.2 Window/Skylight: House/South: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $59 $6,827 115.7 0.2 Totals $710 $18,491 26.0 Note: Savings summary values obtained from the Energy Audit and AkWarm Analysis performed by Marquam George, LLC. Table 2.5 35 shows a summary of the identified Energy Efficiency Measures for a typical Kanat’a Dey’i 3D Duplex building. Table 2.5 35: Kanata Deyi 3D Duplex Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Description Savings Estimated Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 400 CFM at 50 Pascals. $358 $800 2.2 4.12 Ceiling w/ Attic: House: Add R 21 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $55 $1,344 24.4 0.94 Ceiling w/ Attic: House/Second Floor: Add R 21 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $56 $1,390 24.8 0.93 Exposed Floor: House: Install R 14 rigid board insulation to floor. $90 $2,583 28.7 0.78 Window/Skylight: House/East: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $21 $2,022 96.3 0.18 Window/Skylight: House/West: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $55 $5,664 103.0 0.17 Window/Skylight: House/South: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $20 $2,882 144.1 0.12 Window/Skylight: House/North: Replace existing window with triple pane, 2 low E, argon window. $30 $2,882 96.1 0.18 Totals $685 $19,567 28.6 Note: Savings summary values obtained from the Energy Audit and AkWarm Analysis performed by Marquam George, LLC. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 61 of 116 THRHA also is considering upgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not driven by energy savings but driven by necessity or energy cost savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Install Air Source Heat Pumps for space heating and DHW Clean existing heat recovery ventilator units to improve efficiency of operation. Adding R 10 rigid insulation below floor joists for passively vented foundations. HeatPumps –AirsourceheatpumpswereevaluatedforKanat’aDey’iDuplexesbythecontractor WES Energy & Environment. It was assumed that each housing unit had an indoor heating only unit installed in the living room and an air to water domestic hot water heater installed for each unit. Fossil fuel offset was assumed to be 90% of the current fuel oil use. Tables 2.5 36 through 2.5 38 show the estimated costs and savings for installing heat pumps in typical Kanat’a Dey’i Duplexes. Table 2.5 36: Kanata Deyi 1 Story Duplex Estimated Heat Pump Cost and Savings Summary No. of Mini Split Air to Air Systems Installed No. of Mini Split Air to DHW Systems Installed Estimated Installed Cost Estimated Offset of Oil Use Heating & DHW Potential Heating Savings Potential DHW Savings Total Potential Savings Simple Payback, Years SIR Ratio 2 2 $20,000 90% $730 $1,088 $1,818 11 1.4 Note: Cost and Savings Summary estimated by WES Energy & Environment and assumes 90% offset of the existing fuel oil use for space heating and domestic hot water and energy cost values listed in Table 2.5 1. Table 2.5 37: Kanata Deyi 4C Duplex Estimated Heat Pump Cost and Savings Summary No. of Mini Split Air to Air Systems Installed No. of Mini Split Air to DHW Systems Installed Estimated Installed Cost Estimated Offset of Oil Use Heating and DHW Potential Heating Savings Potential DHW Savings Total Potential Savings Simple Payback, Years SIR Ratio 2 2 $20,000 90% $1,080 $1,126 $2,206 9.1 1.7 Note: Cost and Savings Summary estimated by WES Energy & Environment and assumes 90% offset of the existing fuel oil use for space heating and domestic hot water and energy cost values listed in Table 2.5 1. Table 2.5 38: Kanata Deyi 3D Duplex Estimated Heat Pump Cost and Savings Summary No. of Mini Split Air to Air Systems Installed No. of Mini Split Air to DHW Systems Installed Estimated Installed Cost Estimated Offset of Oil Use Heating and DHW Potential Heating Savings Potential DHW Savings Total Potential Savings Simple Payback, Years SIR Ratio 2 2 $20,000 90% $1,108 $879 $1,987 10.1 1.5 Note: Cost and Savings Summary estimated by WES Energy & Environment and assumes 90% offset of the existing fuel oil use for space heating and domestic hot water and energy cost values listed in Table 2.5 1. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 62 of 116 2.6 KAKE Kake, Alaska is located on Kupreanof Island in the Southeast Alaskan panhandle, 95 air miles southwestofJuneau. Theaverageannualhightemperatureis49.9°Fandtheaverageannuallow temperature is 40.6°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 7,988 HDD As an island community there is no direct road access to Kake. Transportation of goods and people is by plane or boat only. There is a small boat harbor, boat launch, deep water dock, & state owned/operatedferry terminal. The Alaska Marine Highway providesyear roundferryand barge service. There is a state owned, lighted, paved runway and 2 seaplane bases. Flights are serviced by Alaska Seaplanes. The community hasa population of 626with the medianage being42.5yearsold. There are 421 housing units in Kake of which 178 are owner occupied and 62 are renter occupied units. The Kake economy is classified as subsistence and is reliant on local government and seasonal tourism. The island is a high energy cost community paying prices of $5.67/gallon for #1 fuel oil and $0.62/kWh for electricity. The Alaska Power Cost Equalization (PCE) program subsidizes the first 500 kWh for residential use to $0.22/kWh. Table 2.6 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.6 1 : Kake Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost / mmBtu Output #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon 134,000 $5.67 80% 107,200 $52.89 Propane 91,300 $2.95 80% 73,040 $40.39 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.62 100% 3,412 $181.71 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.62 300% 10,236 $60.57 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $400.00 80% 12,160,000 $32.89 Note: 1 Fossil fuel prices provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library and local providers. 2 Biomass prices obtained from local providers. 3 Fuel oil has to be unloaded from the barge and delivered to Kake buildings using a flatbed pickup truck. 2.6.1 Kake Senior Center (Formerly Kake Elderly Low Rent Building) THRHA manages a senior center and 17 single family apartments on the island community of Kake. The Kake Senior Center is undergoing a Modernization Project that includes an expansion, building shell improvements, new mechanical room and equipment, and incorporation of renewable fuels. A list of the modernization improvements are as follows: 7,000 ft 2 expansion including a new dining room, commercial kitchen, and ADA compliant bathrooms Apartment interior renovations Upgrading from T 12 to T 5 overhead lighting Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 63 of 116 Adding R 10 exterior insulation, building wrap, and new fiber cement board siding Fire sprinkler system New mechanical room containing a wood pellet hot water boiler and propane backup boilers Domestic hot and cold water piping Hydronic distribution piping Baseboard heaters Energy star refrigerators Under road pipe installation for potential connection to a future district heating system Metal roof replacement New maintenance office Expanded parking lot Energy efficient windows Figures 2.6 1 through 2.6 5 show the progress of the renovation. Figure 2.6 1 Kake Senior Center Addition Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 64 of 116 Figure 2.6 2 Kake Senior Center Paving, Roof, and Exterior The vinyl siding was removed from the walls and R 10 insulation is being added to the outside of the exterior walls and covered with building wrap. New vinyl siding is then installed over the building wrap as the new exterior surface. Figure 2.6 3 shows the installation of the exterior insulation and building wrap on the south side of the Senior Center. Figure 2.6 3 Kake Senior Center Exterior Insulation and Building Wrap Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 65 of 116 A new mechanical room has been constructed which contains a new wood pellet fired hot water boiler and backup propane boilers. Hot water thermal storage is used to reduce boiler cycling and improve operating efficiency of the wood pellet boiler. THRHA has worked through issues withsecuringbulkdeliveriesofwood pelletstoKake. Woodpelletsaresourcedfromapelletmill near Ketchikan and delivered by barge in 1 ton super sacks. The super sacks are then unloaded from the barge and transported into the community for storage. A fork lift dumps the wood pellets from the super sacks into a storage bin to maintain a full stockpile for the boiler. Figure 2.6 4showstheboilerroom,woodpelletboiler,hotwaterthermalstoragetank,andboilerroom piping. Figure 2.6 4 Kake Senior Center Wood Pellet Boiler and Hot Water Thermal Storage THRHA is also planning for future applications to reduce operating costs at the Kake Senior Center. There have been discussions in the community for the possibility of a district heating system that will be installed in the future. THRHA installed a conduit under the road while installing other utilities to allow future connection to a district heating system. Figure 2.6 5 shows the capped conduit that will allow for connection to a district heating system. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 66 of 116 Figure 2.6 5 Kake Senior Center Future District Heating Connection Additionally, THRHA is investigating the feasibility for installing solar panels on the facility to offset electricity costs. Since electricity prices can exceed $0.62/kWh, a small installation could yield significant savings. THRHA is using the Kake Senior Center as a model for what they would like toachieve at the remaining communitiesusing the resultsfrom the energy audits completed under the DOE funding program. Pre expansion fuel use and costs are shown in Table 2.6 2. Table 2.6 2 CY 2014 Fuel Use and Costs Annual #1 Oil Use, Gallons Annual #1 Oil Cost Annual Electric Use, kWh Annual Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 7,200 $40,824 70,640 $43,797 $84,621 2.6.2 Improvement Option Recommendations THRHA commissioned studies for the Kake Senior Center including an Energy Assessment completed by Alaska Energy Engineering and solar PV studies completed by BacGen and Lime Solar. Each study evaluated grid connected and battery connected PV systems. A summary of the potential PV costs and savings are listed in Table 2.6.2 1. The studies are provided for reference in Section 4.0 Attachments. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 67 of 116 Table 2.6.1 Solar PV Feasibility Study Summary Item BacGen Study Lime Solar Study 6 kW Grid Tied 12 kW Battery 12 kW Grid Tied 12 kW Battery Budget Cost $41,000 $72,000 $61,715 $75,061 Annual Production, kWh 5,747 10,675 10,795 10,795 Annual Savings $3,276 $6,085 $6,153 $6,153 Simple Payback, Years 14.0 13.0 10.0 12.2 The energy assessment completed by Alaska Energy Engineering recommended one energy conservation measure and installation of a building monitoring system. Table 2.6.2 shows the savings and costs estimated for the energy conservation measure identified. The energy assessment is provided in Section 4.0 Attachments. Table 2.6.2 ECM Summary ECM Installed Cost Annual Savings Simple Payback SIR Refrigeration Room Heat Recovery $1,950 $305 6.4 4.5 Refrigeration Room Heat Recovery The dry storage room has a reach in refrigerator and freezer. The freezer and refrigerator will reject heat into the room and there is no ventilation in the room to remove the heat. The recommendation is to install a ceiling exhaust fan, duct, and grilles to transfer warm air into the dining room. The dining room has a heating load for most of the year. For periodsthat itistoo warmin the diningroom, the windowscanbe openedtoallow heattoberemovedfromthespace. Estimatedinstalledcostsare$1,950which resultinestimate annual heating offset of $305 per year. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 68 of 116 2.7 KASAAN The city of Kasaan, Alaska is located on the east side of Prince of Wales Island on Kasaan Bay, about 30 miles northwest of Ketchikan. The average annual high temperature of the area is 50.9°F and the average annual low temperature of the area is 39.3°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD)base 65F = 7,124 HDD based on Craig location. Kasaan is not directly accessible from the main land. Travel to Kasaan is through Ketchikan, Alaska by either flying Alaska Airlines or using the Alaska Marine Highway Ferry (AMHF). From Ketchikan, service to Kasaan is through small commuter airlines or The Inter Island Ferry Authority (IFA) which has daily service between Ketchikan, on Revillagigedo Island to Hollis, on Prince of Wales Island. The IFA terminal on Prince of Wales Island is 64 miles from Kasaan using State Highway 924 and Thorne Bay road. There is a state owned seaplane base in Kasaan and small wheeled aircraft service is located in the neighboring community of Klawock. There are dailyscheduledflightsfromKetchikantoKlawockprovidedbyIslandAirExpress.Cargoshipments to Kasaan must be offloaded at another port since the Kasaan Harbor is too small to accommodate large vessels and only has one city owned dock. The population of Kasaan is 50 and the median age is 46.8 years old. There are 46 housing units inKasaanofwhich18areowneroccupiedunitsand7arerented. Kasaanislistedasasubsistence communitywith50%oftheemployedpopulation involvedinbusinessandmanagementand23% involved in farming, fishing, and forestry. Table 3.7 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels. Table 3.7 1 : Kasaan Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon 134,000 $3.86 80% 107,200 $36.01 Propane 91,300 $2.82 80% 73,040 $38.61 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.22 100% 3,412 $65.06 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.22 300% 10,236 $21.69 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $400.00 80% 12,160,000 $32.89 Note: Fuelprices providedby AkWarm softwarebasedonthe 3/30/2015library.Biomass &propaneprices obtained from local providers. 3.7.1 Kasaan Multifamily Dwellings THRHA operates three duplexes in Kasaan. There is one 3 bedroom, 2 bathroom duplex and two 2 bedroom, one bath duplexes. Each was built in 2007 and has a 5 Star Plus energy rating. The buildings have concrete foundations and all weather wood foundation (AWW) stem walls. The AWW stem walls are 3/4" treated plywood which are sealed with Blueskin WP200 self adhering membranewaterprotectorandinsulatedontheoutsidewith1"rigidextrudedpolystyrene.They are coveredwith drain fabricand backfilled with drain rock. Crawlspacesare dry andsealed with two layersof 6 mil poly vapor barrier.Crawlspace ventilation hascloseable foundation vents and a 4" diameter PVC passive stack vent from the crawlspace through the roof. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 69 of 116 The roof is framed with raised heel scissor trusses and flat 8' ceilings furred down over hallway and bathrooms. A conditioned storage space is provided over the ceiling. The ceiling of this storage space has a vapor barrier and is covered with sheetrock and fire tape to isolate it from the cold attic and attic insulation. The storage space also acts as a warm air plenum for distribution of warm air from the living room to the back bedrooms via a low sone fan controlled by a switch in hallway. All windows are Certainteed Insulate with low e argon glazing and NFRC U value of 0.32. Figures 3.7 1 and 3.7 2 show a typical Kasaan Duplex building. Figures 3.7 1 : Kasaan Duplexes: Outside Shell Figure 2.7 2 : Kasaan Duplexes: Kitchen Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 70 of 116 The addresses associated with the three buildings in this style are provided in Table 2.7 2. Table 2.7 2 : Kasaan Duplex Building Addresses Address Bedroom College Street 1A 3 Bedroom DuplexCollege Street 1B College Street 2A 2 Bedroom Duplex College Street 2B College Street 3A College Street 3B Table 2.7 3 provides the typical square footage and insulation values of building components for the Kasaan Duplex Buildings. Table 2.7 3 : Kasaan Duplex Building Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Item Living Area Floors Walls Door 1 Door 2 South Windows Remaining Windows Ceiling 3 Unit Duplex R Value 41.0 19.2 5.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 51.5 Area, ft 2 1,408 1,016 20 20 59 77 1428 2 Unit Duplex R Value 41.0 19.0 5.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 51.5 Area, ft 2 896 852 20 20 64 60 924 Heating is provided using a Monitor 2200 space heater in the living room. Cadet Softheat glycol filled electric baseboard heaters are used for backup heating in all sleeping rooms and bathrooms, and an airtight Quadrafire wood stove in living room, with combustion air drawn from the crawlspace. Heat from the living room can be distributed to sleeping rooms by switching on an 80 CFM Panasonic fan (24 watts) in the conditioned storage space above the flat ceiling. This heat is ducted to each sleeping room in 4" round metal duct, all inside the conditioned space. Domestic hot water is heated with a Rinnai R53 LPG water heater in the laundry room. The hot water heater pulls water from a standard 50 gallon electric hot water tank that is set for storage ofwateronly(notelectricallyheated). Thestoragetankisintendedtoprovideroomtemperature water for the Rinnai, thus lowering the temperature rise for the Rinnai to heat hot water. The Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association (GAMA) energy factor is 0.84. The kitchen range and clothes dryer use propane. Table 2.7 4 and 2.7 5 provide a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for the Kasaan Duplex Buildings. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 71 of 116 Table 2.7 4: Kasaan 3 Bedroom Duplex Annual Energy Use and Cost Summary Space Heating Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating Cost Water Heating Propane Use, Gallons Water Heating Cost Lights Electric Use, kWh Lights Electric Cost Stove / Dryer Propane Use Stove / Dryer Propane Cost Total Annual Costs 130 $502 214 $625 5,034 $1,118 112 $316 $2,563 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library Table 2.7 5: Kasaan 2 Bedroom Duplex Annual Energy Use and Cost Summary Space Heating Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating Cost Water Heating Propane Use, Gallons Water Heating Cost Lights Electric Use, kWh Lights Electric Cost Stove / Dryer Propane Use Stove / Dryer Propane Cost Total Annual Costs 86 $332 165 $482 4,215 $936 112 $316 $2,066 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.7.2 Improvement Option Recommendations The energy audits of the facilities generated a list of energy efficiency recommendations. The buildings are constructed efficiently and require minimal upgrades. Energy efficiency measures considered for the Kasaan Low Rent Housing Building are as follows: Air Sealing – The building is very tight, however THRHA considered improving the air sealing by 10%. Insulation – Insulation values in the building are high. THRHA considered adding R 12 blown cellulose to the attic space. LED Exterior Lighting – THRHA considered replacing exterior lighting with high efficiency LED lighting. AsummaryofestimatedcostsandsavingsforrecommendedmeasuresareprovidedinTable2.7 6. Cost and savings values are a result of AkWarm calculations. Table 2.7 6: Kasaan Duplexes Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure 3 Bedroom Duplex 2 Bedroom Duplex Annual Savings Costs Simple Payback, Years Annual Savings Costs Simple Payback, Years Caulk and seal so that air leakage is reduced by 75 CFM (10%) at 50 pascals. Negligible $500 N/A $25 $500 20.0 AddR 12 blown cellulose insulation to attic space. $35 $1,988 56.8 $20 $1,287 64.4 LED outside lighting $123 $460 3.7 $123 $460 3.7 Totals $158 $2,948 18.7 $168 $2,247 13.4 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing, windows, and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 72 of 116 2 LED outside lighting savings are estimated. A summary of assumptions and savings are listed in Section 4.0 Attachments. THRHA also is considering upgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not driven by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Replacing Rinnai water heating when required Replace Monitor space heaters with newer Toyo space heaters. Replace wood stoves with newer models when needed. Replace oil fired space heaters with mini split heat pumps when hydroelectric rates become available. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 73 of 116 2.8 KETCHIKAN KetchikanislocatedclosetothesouthernboundaryofAlaska. Itisahomerulecitythatislocated on the southwestern coast of Revillagigedo Island, opposite Gravina Island. The average annual high temperature of the area is 50.9°F and the average annual low temperature of the area is 39.3°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 7,081 HDD. Ketchikan is accessible by major airlines, the Alaska Marine Highway System, and small air and water craft. The Ketchikan International Airport serves Ketchikan. There are 4 seaplane/floatplane landing facilities and a deep draft dock for cargo shipments that can accommodate vessels up to 71 feet long. The population of Ketchikan is 8,009 and the median age is 38.3 years old. The average household income is $64,415. As a major port of entry into southeast Alaska, Ketchikan’s economy isdiverse. It iscomposed primarily of a large fishing fleet, fish processing, tourism, and timber. There are 3,794 housing units available in Ketchikan of which 1,610 are owner occupied and 1,641 are renter occupied. Table 2.8 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuelsin Ketchikan. Table 2.8 1 : Ketchikan Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon 134,000 $3.95 80% 107,200 $36.85 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $2.64 80% 73,040 $36.14 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.10 100% 3,412 $29.31 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.10 300% 10,236 $9.77 Note: Fuel prices provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library. Propane price is provided by local suppliers. 2.8.1 Ketchikan Fourplex Multifamily Building THRHA operates a 1,531 ft 2 fourplex multifamily building in the city of Ketchikan. This building wasconstructedin2005usingtheoutside insulationtechnique,where2staggeredlayersofrigid extruded polystyrene foam board are installed on the outside of the walls. There is an insulated concrete foundation andconditioned crawlspace with mechanical crawlspaceventilation. It has two 2 bedroom fully accessible apartments on the ground level and two 3 bedroom apartments on the top floor above the carport. Figure 2.8 1 shows the typical outside of the Fourplex building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 74 of 116 Figure 2.8 1 : Ketchikan Fourplex Tables 2.8 2 and 2.8 3 provide the square footage and insulation values of building components for the 2 bedroom and 3 bedroom units respectively. Table 2.8 2 : Ketchikan 2 Bedroom Unit Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Living Area Floors ICF Stem Wall House Below Grade Wall Section 1 Wall Section 2 House Entry Door Carport Door Windows Ceiling w/Attic Cathedral Ceiling R Value 12.1 21.0 42.0 19.6 24.4 5.0 5.3 3.1 51.5 40.0 Area, ft 2 1 455 465 1,152 383 20 20 161 269 1 Table 2.8 3 : Ketchikan 3 Bedroom Unit Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Item Living Area Floors Wall Section 1 House Entry Door House Fixed Window House South Patio House Patio not South Ceiling w/Attic R Value 38.4 19.6 5.0 3.1 2.8 2.8 51.5 Area, ft 2 609 1,345 20 128 40 40 1,238 The building is all electric for space heating and domestic hot water. The electric heating is provided by oil filled SoftHeat electric baseboard heaters in all rooms. Oil fired Toyo space heaters are provided for backup heating in the living rooms, though they are not needed to keep the units warm. Table 2.8 4 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for the Ketchikan Fourplex Building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 75 of 116 Table 2.8 4 : Ketchikan Fourplex Annual Fuel Use and Cost Breakdown Address Unit Space Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Space Heating Electric Use, kWh Space Heating Electric Cost Water Heating Electric Use, kWh Water Heating Electric Cost Lights / Appliance Electric Use, kWh Lights / Appliance Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 3245 Fairview Avenue 1 14 $55 4,047 $405 5,129 $513 6,550 $655 $1,6282 3 14 $55 4,305 $431 3,884 $388 6,090 $609 $1,4834 28 $111 8,352 $835 9,013 $901 12,640 $1,264 $3,111 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.8.2 Improvement Option Recommendations The energy audits of the Ketchikan Fourplex generated a list of energy efficiency recommendations. Energy efficiency measures considered for the Ketchikan Fourplex are as follows: Air Sealing – The building is very tight, however THRHA considered improving the air sealing by 10%. Insulation – Insulation values in the building are high. THRHA considered adding R 12 blown cellulose to the attic space. LED Exterior Lighting – THRHA considered replacing exterior lighting with high efficiency LED lighting. AsummaryofestimatedcostsandsavingsforrecommendedmeasuresareprovidedinTable2.8 5. Cost and savings values are a result of AkWarm calculations. Table 2.8 5 : Ketchikan 4 Plex Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Annual Savings Costs Simple Payback, Years Caulk and Seal so that Air Leakage is Reduced by 75 CFM (10%) at 50 Pascals. Negligible $1,000 N/A AddR 12 blown cellulose insulation to attic space. $26 $1,598 61.5 LED Outside Lighting $123 $920 7.5 Totals $149 $3,518 23.6 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing, windows, and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. 2 LED outside lighting savings are estimated. A summary of assumptions and savings are listed in Section 4.0 Attachments. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 76 of 116 THRHA also is considering upgrading portions of the building to improve the function of the building and not necessarily justified by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Replace the Toyo oil fired space heaters with mini split heat pumps. Replace the electric hot water heaters with air source heat pump water heaters. Replace the crawlspace exhaust fan with a humidity controlled DC fan. Heat Pump Space Heaters The space heaters currently use minimal fuel since the building is primarily heated using the electric baseboard heaters. Estimated fuel costs are $110 per year in the space heaters. Electric mini split heat pump units would be less expensive to operate than baseboard heaters and space heaters, however savings potential is minimal. The estimated cost to install a mini split heat pump is $4,500. Even if the heat pumps were sized to heat a larger portion of the building and offset electric heat, savings values would be difficult to justify the expense. Capital avoidance costs could be considered to improve economics as existing equipment requires replacement. Heat Pump Water Heaters Heat pump water heaters have the potential to heat domestic hot water for the building. Efficiencies can be in the 300% range. The estimated installed cost for each heat pump system ducted to the outdoors is $3,000 to replace an indirect hot water tank. Table 2.8 6 shows the estimated cost benefit summary for installing heat pumps. Table 2.8 6 : Ketchikan 4 Plex Estimated Heat Pump DHW Cost Benefit Summary No. of Mini Split Air to DHW Systems Installed Estimated Installed Cost Estimated Offset of Electric Use for DHW Potential DHW Savings Simple Payback, Years SIR Ratio 4 $12,000 95% $571 21.0 0.7 Geothermal Heat Pump Geothermal heat pumps can be in the 500% range. Drawbacks to these systems are the high installed cost of wells or trenches to be used as a heat sink and heat supply for the system. Capital costs vary greatly by location, soil structure, and size. Economics for geothermal heat pump installations are not considered in this report. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 77 of 116 2.9 KLAWOCK Klawock,AlaskaislocatedonthewestcoastofPrinceofWalesIsland onKlawockInlet.Itisabout 7 miles north of Craig by road and 55 air miles west of Ketchikan. The average annual high temperature of the area is 50.9°F and the average annual low temperature of the area is 39.3°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 7,124 HDD. The community is classified as subsistence and relies on fishing and related support businesses as well as logging support, sawmill operations, and tourism as the economic base. There is no direct road access from the main land to Klawock. Travel to Klawock is through Ketchikan, Alaska by either flying Alaska Airlines or using the Alaska Marine Highway Ferry (AMHF). From Ketchikan, service to Klawock is through small commuter airlines or The Inter Island Ferry Authority (IFA) which has daily service between Ketchikan and Hollis. The IFA terminal at Hollis is 22 miles from Klawock using Hollis Road. The Port of Klawock has 1 float plane dock and 1 airport for small wheeled aircraft. There are daily scheduled flights from Ketchikan to Klawock provided by Island Air Express. Cargo may shipped using Alaska Marine Lines. The population of Klawock is 774 with the median age being 41.4 years old. The average household income is $53,091. There are 380 housing units available in the area of which 197 are owner occupied and 114 are renter occupied. Table 2.9 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in Klawock. Table 2.9 1 : Klawock Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon 134,000 $4.13 80% 107,200 $38.53 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $2.57 80% 73,040 $35.19 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.22 100% 3,412 $64.48 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.22 300% 10,236 $21.49 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $330.00 80% 12,160,000 $27.14 Note: Fuel prices provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library. Biomass prices obtained from local providers. 2.9.1 Klawock 18 Unit Senior Housing Building The Klawock Senior Center is a 24,980 ft 2 facility housing approximately 30 residents and staff. It was originally constructed as a 10 unit building. An 8 unit expansion and rehab of the existing units occurred in 2008. The floors are 12” I joists that are 16” o.c, walls are 2 x 6 studs 24” o.c. with insulated headers, and the ceiling is24” o.c trussconstruction with bafflesat the eaves. The basement slab has 2 foot of 2” XPS insulation underneath the perimeter and down the inside of the stem wall to the footing. Windows are CertainTeed Low E Argon vinyl sliders with a U value of 0.32. Figure 2.9 1 shows an aerial view of the Klawock Senior Center. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 78 of 116 Figure 2.9 1 Klawock Senior Center Table 2.9 2 provides the square footage and insulation values of building components for the Klawock Senior Center. Table 2.9 2 Klawock Senior Center Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Living Area Floors Floor Over Crawl Space Floor Over Carport Conditioned Stairwell Conditioned Basement Basement, Stairwell, & Main Living Walls Ceiling 465 Summit Street R Value 38 38 38 38 10 21 38 Area, ft 2 8,675 1,949 816 120 1,333 6,082 4,383 The boiler room contains two Weil McLain model WTGO 7 hot water boilers firing on #1 fuel oil and rated at 210,000 Btu/hr output and 50 psig. The boilers were installed in 2008 and are in excellent condition. The hot water heating distribution system is a primary secondary piping system with individual zone pumps distributing water throughout the building. Baseboard fin tube radiant heaters provide space heating for rooms. A makeup air handling unit with a hot water coil is used for the kitchen and common area. Domestic hot water is heated indirectly using the heating boilers and stored in two 120 gallon HTP Superstor tanks. There is potential room in the existing boiler room to locate hot water thermal storage tanks and one wood fired boiler. The facility used approximately 5,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil annually for space heating and domestic hot water heating. Annual expenditures are approximately $20,650 at the current fuel price of $4.13 per gallon. An above ground 1,100 gallon fuel oil tank is used for onsite storage. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 79 of 116 2.9.2 Improvement Option Recommendations The results of the Energy Audit suggest that Klawock Senior Center is very efficient in construction. Installation of a wood pellet fired boiler system was evaluated in a pre feasibility study from September 2, 2014 titled High Efficiency Low Emission Wood Fired Heating System Pre Feasibility Reportcreated by WES Energy & Environment. The recommended system consists of a 160,000 Btu/hr wood pellet fired hot water boiler and 200 gallons of hot water thermal storage. The financial summary of the wood pellet system is provided in Table 2.9 3. A cost breakdown is provided in Section 4.0 Attachments. Table 2.9 3 : Klawock Wood Pellet Heating System Financial Summary Current #1 Fuel Oil Use, Gallons Current Oil Cost Estimated Wood Pellet Use, Tons Estimated Wood Pellet Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated Oil Cost with Wood Pellet System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback, Years 5,000 $20,650 42 $13,860 $1,590 $1,033 $4,168 102,275 24.5 Note: Assumes 95% offset with wood pellet system. Remaining 5% is offset with existing oil fired system. Fuel prices used to generate economics are $4.13/gallon for #1 fuel oil and $330/ton of wood pellets. Annual oil use and wood pellet use values are from the September 2, 2014 report titled High Efficiency Low Emission Wood Fired Heating System Pre Feasibility Reportcreated by WES Energy & Environment. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 80 of 116 2.10 PETERSBURG The Borough of Petersburg, Alaska is located on the northwest end of Mitkof Island, about 120 milesbetween Juneau and Ketchikan. The average annual high temperature in thearea is49.3°F andtheaverageannuallowtemperatureintheareais36.7°F. AnnualHeatingDegreeDays(HDD) base 65F = 8,485 HDD. Petersburg is not accessible by direct road access. It can only be reached by air or water. There istwicedailyjetserviceprovidedbyAlaskaAirlines. TheAlaskaMarineHighwaySystemprovides ferryaccess. AlaskaMarineLinesprovidestwiceweeklybargeservice. Charteraircraftandboats are also available. The community has 2 barge terminals, 3 harbors, and 3 docks. The maximum vessel length that can be accommodated is 140 ft. The state owned James A Johnson Airport is located there and also the Lloyd R. Roundtree Seaplane Base. The population of Petersburg is 2,823 and the median age is 41.4 years old. Petersburg’s economy relies heavily on commercial fishing, fish processing, and seasonal tourism and is designatedasasubsistencecommunity. 72%ofthepopulationisemployedintheprivatesector, while 22% is in local government. The average household income is $84,408. There are 1,356 housingunitsavailableinthearea,ofwhich821areowneroccupiedand402arerenteroccupied. Table 2.10 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.10 1 : Petersburg Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #2 Fuel Oil, Gallon 138,800 $4.03 80% 111,040 $36.29 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $2.65 80% 73,040 $36.28 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.08 100% 3,412 $23.45 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.08 300% 10,236 $7.82 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $450.00 80% 12,160,000 $37.01 Note: Fuelprices providedby AkWarm softwarebasedonthe 3/30/2015library.Biomass &propaneprices obtained from local providers. 2.10.1 Eagle Raven Apartments The Eagle Raven Apartments are an apartment complex formerly owned and operated by AHFC. They are now owned by Petersburg Indian Association and are managed using a collaborative effort with THRHA. They were constructed around 1974. There are 2 buildings with 6 three bedroom apartments each. The apartments are 2 floors, with the kitchen, living room, and laundry on the main floor and the bedrooms and bathroom on the second floor. The layouts are the same in all of the units, however, each pair is mirrored of the adjacent unit. The exterior is aluminum siding over plywood and 2x4 walls. The foundation is creosote piles that support a raisedfloorwithaninsulatedskirtedcrawlspace.Figures2.10 1through2.10 4showthepictures of the Eagle Raven Apartments. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 81 of 116 k Figure 2.10 1 Eagle Raven Apartments Typical 6 Unit Building Figure 2.10 2 Eagle Raven Apartments Typical Insulated Crawlspace Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 82 of 116 Figure 2.10 3 Eagle Raven Apartments Typical Attic Figure 2.10 4 Eagle Raven Apartments Typical Electric Meters Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 83 of 116 Table 2.10 2 provides the square footage and insulation values of building components for a typical Eagle Raven 6 unit apartment building. Table 2.10 2 : Eagle Raven Building Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Perimeter Living Area Floors Center Living Area Floors Crawlspace Skirting Rim Joist House Doors Windows Ceiling 104 3 rd Street R Value 6.7 35.5 11.7 11.9 11.3 5.3 2.6 10.6 Area, ft 2 1,056 1,344 1,232 308 5,236 80 599 2,400 A System 2000 Energy Kinetics hot water boiler firing on #2 fuel oil is used to heat each 6 unit building. The size of the boiler is approximately 200,000 Btu/hr. Hot water circulation pumps distribute hot water for space heating to baseboard fin tube heaters. An 80 gallon electric hot water tank with a 4.5 kW electric heater generates domestic hot water for the building. Table 2.10 3 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for each 6 unit building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.10 3 : Typical Eagle Raven Apartment Building Annual Fuel Use and Cost Breakdown Unit Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating Electricity Use, kWh Water Heating Electricity Cost Appliances & Lights Electricity Use, kWh Appliances & Lights Electricity Cost Total Annual Costs 1 1,652 $6,658 32,520 $2,602 50,296 $4,024 $13,283 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.10.2Improvement Option Recommendations The energy audit and blower door tests of the building generated a list of energy efficiency recommendations. Energy efficiency measures considered for the Eagle Raven Apartments are as follows: Air Sealing THRHA would like to reduce air leakage by 150 CFM at 50 Pascal’s. Insulation THRHA considered insulating the ceiling joist cavities, crawlspace walls, and adding insulation to the attic. Boiler Replacement – THRHA considered replacing the oil fired boiler with an electric boiler. Heat Pump DHW Heater Replace the existing electric hot water heater with an air source heat pump hot water heater. Energy efficient lighting Replace T 12 fixtures with T 8 fixtures and incandescent bulbs with CFLs. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 84 of 116 Energy Star Refrigerators Replace fridges with Energy Star appliance. A summary of estimated costs and savings for recommended measures are provided in Table 2.10 4. Table 2.10 4 : Eagle Raven Apartment Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Estimated Total Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR On or Below Grade Floor, Perimeter: House: Install 4' of R 30 rigid board insulation on perimeter of Crawl Space Floor. $1,012 $5,072 5.0 4.7 Cathedral Ceiling: House: Fill empty 2x12 cavity with 12" dense pack blown in cellulose insulation, density at least 3.5 lb/ft3. $1,345 $8,565 6.4 3.7 Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 150 CFM at 50 Pascals. $76 $250 3.3 2.8 Above Grade Wall: Crawlspace Skirting: Install R 20 rigid foam board to interior of wall. $436 $7,334 16.8 1.4 Primary Heating System: Replace Heating System with a Boiler having an AFUE of 94%, <130 F distribution. $477 $11,361 23.8 0.7 Exterior Door: Door to Main Body: Remove existing door and install U 0.16 fiberglass door with polyurethane core. $13 $1,779 136.8 0.1 Lighting Upgrade $201 $5,220 26.0 0.3 Totals $3,360 $39,581 11.1 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing, windows, and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. 2 Lighting savings are estimated. A summary of assumptions and savings are listed in Section 4.0 Attachments. Am air source heat pump was considered for domestic hot water heating. Table 2.10 5 shows the estimated cost benefit summary for installing heat pumps. Table 2.10 5 : Eagle Raven Apartment Estimated Heat Pump DHW Cost Benefit Summary No. of Mini Split Air to DHW Systems Installed Estimated Installed Cost Estimated Offset of Electric Use for DHW Potential DHW Savings Simple Payback, Years SIR Ratio 1 $3,000 95% $824 3.6 4.1 THRHA also is considering upgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not driven by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Provide new bath fans with motion sensor and vent them to the exterior. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 85 of 116 Provide new 3 speed 150 cfm kitchen range hoods and vent them to the exterior. Provide 110 CFM fan in crawlspace on moisture control and vent to exterior. Provide makeup air vents in bedrooms and living room. BathroomVentilation –THRHAwouldlike toinstalllow sonecontinuousdutyratedexhaustfans on motion sensors with programmable time delays to meet ASHRAE 62.2 2012 for each bathroom. Installed costs are estimated at $750 per fan. Kitchen Ventilation – THRHA would like to install new 3 speed 150 cfm kitchen range hoods that are vented to the exterior to replace the existing recirculating hoods. The estimated installed cost for each system is $1,500. Crawlspace Ventilation – THRHA would like to install a 110 cfm exhaust fan to remove moisture from the crawlspace. The estimated installed cost for each system is $750. MakeupAirVents THRHAwouldliketoinstallfreshairmakeupventsinthebedroomsandliving room. The estimated installed cost for each room is $200. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 86 of 116 2.11 SAXMAN Thecityof Saxman,Alaska islocated onthe west side ofRevillagigedoIsland, about2 milessouth of Ketchikan on the South Tongass Highway. The average annual high temperature is 50.9°F and the average annual low temperature is 39.3°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 7,081 HDD. As an island community, there is no direct road access to Saxman from the main land. Saxman relies on Ketchikan for its boat moorage, air travel, & state ferry services. Saxman is connected to Ketchikan by the South Tongass Highway. The Saxman Seaport has a dock and commercial barge off loading facilities for propane, construction materials, equipment and supplies. The population of Saxman is 447 and the median age is 35.2 years old. Saxman relies heavily on tourism and the Southeast ArtsEconomy. The average householdincome is$76,352. There are 136 housing units available in the area with 86 owner occupied and 45 renter occupied. Table 2.11 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.11 1 : Saxman Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #2 Fuel Oil, Gallon 138,800 $3.95 80% 111,040 $35.57 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $2.64 80% 73,040 $36.14 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.10 100% 3,412 $29.31 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.10 300% 10,236 $9.77 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $330.00 80% 12,160,000 $27.14 Note: Fuel prices provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library. Biomass prices obtained from local providers. 2.11.1Saxman 12 Unit Multifamily Housing Building THRHA operates a low rent multifamily building in the city of Saxman built in 1978. The building is of modular construction and contains 12 one bedroom, one bath rental units and is 1 story, stick frame construction, vinyl sided, and has a steel roof. The foundation is creosote piles that support a raised floor with a skirted crawlspace. A typical unit is 24' x 20' with all units exiting to a central corridor. The central corridor is 5' wide and has a utility chase above the drop ceiling for heat, domestic hot and cold water piping, and electrical distribution to apartments. The building was weatherized in 2010. Figures 2.11 1 through 2.11 4 show the pictures of the Saxman 12 Unit Multifamily Building. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 87 of 116 kFigure 2.11 1 Saxman 12 Unit Low Rent Apartment Building Outside Shell Figure 2.11 2 Saxman 12 Unit Low Rent Apartment Building Back Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 88 of 116 Figure 2.11 3 Saxman Outbuilding Figure 2.11 4 Saxman 12 Unit Low Rent Apartment Building Entrance & Corridor Table 2.11 2 provides the square footage and insulation values of building components for the Saxman Low Rent Apartment Building. Table 2.11 2 : Saxman Building Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Building Address Item Living Area Floors Wall Section 1 House Wall Section 2 Rim Joist Exterior Doors Windows Ceiling 2708 Halibut Street R Value 48.3 11.3 18.4 5.0 2.0 54.4 Area, ft 2 7,425 3,360 7,425 80 688 7,425 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 89 of 116 TwoWeilMcLainhotwaterboilersfiringon#2fuel oilareusedtoheatthebuildinganddomestic hotwater. Hotwatercirculationpumpsdistributehotwaterforspaceheatingandtotheindirect heated domestic hot water tank. Baseboard heat is located in each unit. The boilers are failing and are scheduled for replacement or removal in the near future. Table 2.11 3 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for the 12 unit building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Table 2.11 3 : Saxman Low Rent Apartment Building Annual Fuel Use and Cost Breakdown Space Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #2 Oil Cost Water Heating #2 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #2 Oil Cost Appliances & Lights Electric Use, kWh Appliances & Lights Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 470 $1,857 517 $2,042 67,421 $6,742 $10,641 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.11.2Improvement Option Recommendations The energy audit and blower door tests of the building generated a list of energy efficiency recommendations. Energy efficiency measures considered for the Saxman Low Rent Housing Building are as follows: Air Sealing THRHA would like to tighten building up to no more than 4 ACH50. Insulation THRHA considered insulating the rim joist, floor cavity, and adding insulation to the attic. Air to Water Heat Pumps THRHA considered installing water to air heat pumps and leavingtheoilfiredboilersforbackup. Theheatpumpsarelimitedto130°Fleavingwater temperature, so the system would be limited to domestic hot water heating or require conversion to low temperature heating. A summary of estimated costs and savings for recommended measures are provided in Table 2.11 4. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 90 of 116 Table 2.11 4 : Saxman 12 Unit Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Energy Efficiency Measure Estimated Total Savings Estimated Total Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Air Sealing to 4 ACH $207 $500 2.4 3.8 Air to Water Heat Pumps $1,333 $10,000 7.5 2.0 Insulate Rim Joist with R 14 on Above Grade Wall $32 $699 21.8 1.1 Add R 19 Blown in Insulation to Exposed Floor 2x12 Cavity $174 $7,128 41.0 0.6 Add R 12 Insulation to Attic Space $100 $4,722 47.2 0.5 Totals $1,846 $23,049 12.5 Notes: 1 Costs and savings values for air sealing and insulation are estimated using the AkWarm software from the 3/30/2015 library. 2 Costs and savings for an air to water heat pump are estimated by WES Energy & Environment and assume 90% offset of fuel oil use for domestic hot water. THRHA also is considering upgrading portions of the building due to necessity that are not necessarily driven by energy savings. A summary of potential upgrades being considered are as follows: Install a new heat recovery ventilator system in the central corridor and common spaces. Replace old Type M copper piping in corridor ceiling with new PEX Install individual electrical meters and service panels in each apartment. Installing a wood pellet fired hot water boiler system Ventilation – The building does not currently have a central ventilation system. The central corridor is not ventilated and carries odors and apartments units have exhaust only ventilation using a bath fan and a range hood. THRHA would like to install a heat recovery ventilator system for corridors and public spaces. A heat recovery ventilator system is estimated to cost $50,000. This system will use additional energy but will improve indoor air quality and occupant comfort. Copper Pipe Replacement – Copper heating pipes are run above the ceiling to individual baseboard heaters in each unit. The pipes are leaking and zone valves are likely failed in place. THRHA isconsidering replacing the piping with new insulated PEX piping. Replacement costs are estimated at $150 per linear foot of supply and return pipe. Individual Electric Meters – There is currently one electric meter on the building and electricity is billed as a commercial rate. THRHA would like to install individual meters for each unit to encourage a reduction in electricity use. Estimated installed costs for individual electric meter sockets and service panels are $1,100 per unit for a total cost of $13,200. Wood Pellet Heating System THRHA considered the feasibility of heating the building with a wood pellet fired biomass boiler located in a separate outbuilding. The recommended system consistsofa40,000Btu/hrwoodpelletfiredhotwaterboilerand60gallonsofhotwaterthermal Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 91 of 116 storage. The financial summary of the wood pellet system is provided in Table 2.11 5. A cost breakdown is provided in Section 4.0 – Attachments. Table 2.11 5 : Saxman Wood Pellet Heating System Financial Summary Current #2 Oil Use, Gallons Current #2 Oil Cost Estimated Wood Pellet Use, Tons Estimated Wood Pellet Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated #2 Oil Cost with Wood Pellet System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback, Years 987 $3,899 7.2 $2,379 $1,500 $780 ($760) 104,843 N/A Note: Assumes 80% offset of the heating fuel use with wood pellets. Fuel price values used to estimate savings are provided in Table 2.11 1. g Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 92 of 116 2.12 WRANGELL The city of Wrangell is located on the northwest tip of Wrangell Island, about 155 miles south of Juneau and90milesnorthwest of Ketchikan. The averageannual high temperatureis49.9°F and the average annual low temperature is 37.9°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 7,849 HDD. As an island community, there is no direct road access to Wrangell from the main land. Commercial jet service to Wrangell is provided by Alaska Airlines. There is a seaplane base adjacent to the runway. The Port of Wrangell is a deep water port with barge facility, 2 marine travel lifts andwork yard, and three boatharbors. In addition tothe local airport, state operated facilitiesinclude a ferry dock. It is served by the Alaska Marine Highway, with ferryservice out of Bellingham, Washington or Prince Rupert, British Columbia. Regular barge service from Seattle and Juneau is provided by Alaska Marine Lines and Samson Tug and Barge. There are also local marine freight haulers available. The population of Wrangell is 2,365 with the median age being 42.3 years old. Wrangell is listed as a subsistence community. The economy of Wrangell is based on commercial fishing, fish processing, seasonal tourism, timber harvesting, and timber processing. The average household income is $67,371. There are 1,402 housing units available in the area with 704 owner occupied units and 365 rentals. Table 2.12 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.12 1 : Wrangell Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost / mmBtu Output #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon 134,000 $3.95 80% 107,200 $36.85 Propane, Gallon 91,300 $2.76 80% 73,040 $37.79 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.10 100% 3,412 $29.31 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.10 300% 10,236 $9.77 Note: Fuel prices provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library 2.12.1Wrangell Multifamily and Mixed Use Buildings THRHA owns and operates two buildings in Wrangell consisting of a Triplex and a mixed use building referred to as the SNO Building. Wrangell has access to low cost hydroelectric power therefore the buildings utilize a mix of electric heat and boilers firing on #1 fuel oil. Current fuel prices are $3.95/gallon for #1 fuel oil and electricity prices range from $0.08 – 0.10/kWh. The city offers a special electric heating rate of $0.08/kWh. 2 Story Mixed Use Stikine Native Organization (SNO) Building: The SNO building is an 11,841 ft 2 building constructed with a creosote pile foundation. In 2013 the building underwent extensive renovation. The first floor is commercial and the 2nd floor Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 93 of 116 contains 6 apartments ranging from 1 to 3 bedrooms. Figures 2.12 1 through 2.12 3 show pictures from the renovation of the SNO Building. Figure 2.12 1 : SNO Building Front Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 94 of 116 Figure 2.12 2 : SNO Building Siding Figure 2.12 3 : SNO Building Foundation and Boiler Room The foundation is creosote pile, driven down to what had formally been the harbor beach. Fill material now surrounds the building, but the high tide still comes in to within 5 6 feet of the bottom of the floor. This is a mixed use building in downtown Wrangell located in the heart of the commercial district. The bottom floor has commercial and agency rental space, and a hall at the rear of the Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 95 of 116 building that is used by the public and the local Tribe, Wrangell Cooperative Association (WCA), and the Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood (ANB/ANS). The upstairs has apartments, ranging from 1 bedroom to 3 bedroom, the majority of which are low income native rentals. Dimensions and insulation values for the SNO Building are provided in Table 2.12 2 and 2.12 3. Table 2.12 2 Building Dimensions and Areas Building Section Length, Feet Width, Feet Area, Ft2 First Floor Dimensions 48 142 6,816 GCI Equipment Annex 21 29 609 Second Floor Dimensions 48 92 4,416 Total 11,841 Table 2.12 3 Insulation Values of Building Components Building Component R Value Walls 11 Ceiling 30 Floors 19 Windows 2.8 Doors 2.8 Two new Weil McLain WGO 6 boilers were installed and repairs to the heating system piping on themainfloorwerecompletedduringthe2013renovation. Mostofthe upstairsapartmentsuse King Pic a watt Electric Wall heaters to take advantage of the City of Wrangell $0.08/KWH rate for electric heating. Table 2.12 4 shows the annual fuel use and costs from calendar year 2014. Table 2.12 4 Annual Fuel Use and Cost Summary Annual #1 Fuel Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating Oil Cost Annual Electricity Use, kWh Space Heating Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 2,554 $8,071 58,093 $6,158 $14,228 Case Avenue 2 Story Triplex: The Case Avenue 2 story triplex wasbuilt in ~1970, is situated on a concrete foundation with a 4’ unconditioned crawlspace, and has a gable style 4/12 pitch truss metal roof with a cold attic installed over an old hot tar flat roof. There is a semi conditioned storage room at the back of thebuildingthatwillremain. Figures2.12 4through2.12 7showtheCaseAvenue2storytriplex. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 96 of 116 Figure 2.12 4 : 2 Story Triplex Outside Shell Figure 2.12 5 : 2 Story Triplex Side Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 97 of 116 Figure 2.12 6 : 2 Story Triplex Kitchen Figure 2.12 7 : 2 Story Triplex Hot Water Tank & Boiler The building has new insulated vinyl windows, but very little air tightening has been done. Dimensions and insulation values are provided in Table 2.12 5 and 2.12 6. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 98 of 116 Table 2.12 5 Building Dimensions and Areas Building Section Length, Feet Width, Feet Area, Ft2 First Floor Dimensions 64 28 1,792 GCI Equipment Annex 21 29 609 Second Floor Dimensions 64 28 1,792 Total 4,193 Table 2.12 6 Insulation Values of Building Components Building Component Insulation R Value Walls 11 Ceiling 19 Floors 19 Windows 2.8 Doors 28 The building is heated with a Weil McLain WGO 3 hot water boiler rated at 115,000 Btu/hr output. Hydronic baseboard heating in each apartment provides space heating. There is no central ventilation system. Each apartment has exhaust only fans located in the kitchen and bath. Each apartment is on its own electric meter. Energy use history is not available, but estimated total energy use is 40,000 Btu/sf/year. 2.12.2Improvement Option Recommendations The SNO Building has undergone extensive exterior and interior modernization. Additional energy efficiency improvements are considered for the building including: Air Sealing THRHA would like to tighten up the ceiling to attic and the lower floor. Costs for air sealing can range from $500 to $3,000 depending on the scope of tightening. Insulation THRHA considered adding dense pack insulation to the floor cavity and additional insulation to the attic. Installed costs are estimated at $1.50 per square foot for R 30 insulation. Air Source Heat Pump THRHA considered installing a new mini split heat pump for the 2,400 ft 2 Meeting Hall at the back of the building. The existing oil boiler and hydronic distribution will remain for backup. Heat Recovery Ventilator THRHA would like to install a heat recovery ventilator system in the back meeting hall. A heat recovery ventilator system is estimated to cost $50,000. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 99 of 116 This system will use additional energy but will improve indoor air quality and occupant comfort. Energy Efficient Lighting THRHA considered installing energy efficient interior lighting throughout the building. Appliances – Refrigerators need to be replaced for aesthetic and efficiency reasons. THRHA would like to install energy star rated appliances during scheduled replacements. Costs are estimated at $1,000 per refrigerator. THRHA has also considered energy efficiency improvements for the Case Avenue 2 Story Triplex. Energy efficiency improvements are considered for the building including: Air Source Heat Pump – THRHA considered installing air to air “mini split” heat pumps in each apartment. The upstairs apartment C would have two heads, one at each end of apartment. The existing oil boiler would remain in place as secondary backup. Installed costs are estimated at $5,000 per heat pump. Air Sealing THRHA would like to tighten up the ceiling and floor levels. Costs for air sealing can range from $500 to $3,000 depending on the scope of tightening. Inside Insulation THRHA considered adding blown in cellulose insulation into the joist cavity on the existing roof and dense pack floor joists with cellulose insulation. A poly vapor retarder will be installed on the ground in the crawlspace. Installed costs are estimated at $1.50 per square foot for R 30 insulation for blown in insulation. Outside Insulation Install outside insulation and new rain screen fiber cement board siding. Installed costs are estimated at $30 per square foot of wall area. Bathroom Ventilation – THRHA would like to install low sone continuous duty rated exhaust fans on motion sensors with programmable time delays to meet ASHRAE 62.2 2012 for each bathroom. Installed costs are estimated at $750 per fan. Makeup Air Vents THRHA would like to install fresh air makeup vents in the bedrooms and living room. The estimated installed cost for each room is $200. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 100 of 116 2.13 YAKUTAT Yakutat, Alaska is an unincorporated Census Designated Place (CDP) located along the Gulf of Alaska, about 225 miles northwest of Juneau and 220 miles southeast of Cordova. The average annual high temperature is 46.7°F and the average annual low temperature is 33.6°F. Annual Heating Degree Days (HDD) base 65F = 9,349 HDD. Isolated on the strand that connects the Inside Passage to the rest of Alaska, there are no roads that lead into or out of Yakutat. All travel is either via air or water. There are two state owned runways for small wheeled aircraft. Five airstrips owned by the U.S.F.S. and 1 airstrip operated by the National Park Service at East Alsek River. There is a seaplane base available in the area. The Alaska Marine Highway System provides whistle stop service at the state operated ferry terminal. The Port of Yakutat is a sheltered deep water port and barge offloading is available at the Ocean Cape dock. The population of Yakutat is 664 with 39.7 being the median age. Yakutat is a subsistence community. Cash sector economics rely on the local cold storage plant, commercial fishing, and fish processing. Other private sector jobs rely on seasonal employment associated with tourism. Theaverage householdincome is$81,722. Thereare450housingunitsavailable inthe areawith 150 owner occupied units and 118 rentals. Table 3.12 1 shows an energy cost comparison for heating fuels in the community. Table 2.13 1 : Yakutat Cost of Energy Comparison Technology, Unit Input Btu/Unit Cost/Unit Assumed Efficiency Output Btu/Unit Cost/ mmBtu Output #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon 134,000 $4.46 80% 107,200 $41.60 Electricity, kWh (Resistance) 3,412 $0.47 100% 3,412 $137.75 Electricity, kWh (Heat Pump) 3,412 $0.47 300% 10,236 $45.92 Wood Pellets, Ton 15,200,000 $430.00 80% 12,160,000 $35.36 Cord Wood, Cord 18,100,000 $250.00 70% 12,670,000 $19.73 Note: Fuel prices provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library. Biomass prices obtained from local providers. 2.13.1Yakutat Multi Family Dwellings THRHA manages the Sunrise Apartments and Yakutat Senior Center and rents half of a building from the Yakutat village corporation Yak Tat Kwaan. Yakutat is a high cost diesel electric community paying $0.47/kWh for electricity and 4.46/gallon for #1 fuel oil. The buildings utilize #1 fuel oil for space heating and domestic hot water. Yak Tat Kwaan Old ClinicBuilding The Yak Tat Kwaan “Old Clinic” Building is owned by the Yakutat village corporation Yak Tat Kwaan. This building was built in 1970 and is stick frame construction with a metal roof and a Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 101 of 116 post foundation. It is comprised of six 1 bedroom senior apartments in one half of the building and office space rented by the Yakutat Tlingit Tribe for their social programs on the other side of the building. The crawlspace height is very limited and inaccessible so all distribution piping is in the attic and most of the floor is uninsulated. The sewer pipes remain under the floor and are broken but inaccessible for repair. Figures 2.13 1 through 2.13 5 show the pictures of the “Old Clinic” Building. Figure 2.13 1 : Yak Tat Kwaan Old ClinicBuilding Figure 2.13 2 : Yak Tat Kwaan Old ClinicBuilding Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 102 of 116 Figure 2.13 3 : Yak Tat Kwaan Old ClinicBuilding Crawlspace Figure 2.13 4 : Yak Tat Kwaan Old ClinicBuilding Attic Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 103 of 116 Figure 2.13 5 : Yak Tat Kwaan Old ClinicBuilding Attic Thereisnocentralventilation,onlyexhaustventilationforeachapartment.Table2.13 2provides the Building Address, square footage, and insulation values of building components for the Yak Tat Kwaan “Old Clinic” Building. Table 2.13 2 Old ClinicBuilding Address, Insulation Values, and Component Surface Areas Building Address Item Living Area Floors Wall Section 1 Exterior Doors Windows Ceiling 364 Ridge Way R Value 25.2 11.3 5.3 2.0 43.6 Area, ft 2 6,784 2,944 100 871 6,784 The building uses a Weil Mclain hot water boiler firing on #1 fuel oil for space heating. Domestic hot water is produced indirectly using the heating boilers. All hydronic and domestic water pipes are in the attic including multiple zone valves for heating control. Table 2.13 3 provides a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for the Yak Tat Kwaan “Old Clinic” Building. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 104 of 116 Table 2.13 3 :Old ClinicAnnual Fuel Use and Cost Breakdown Space Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Space Heating Electric Use, kWh Space Heating Electric Cost Water Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #1 Oil Cost Lights & Appliance Electric Use, kWh Lights & Appliance Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 1,648 $7,350 547 $257 360 $1,606 38,623 $18,153 $27,366 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library Sunrise Apartments The Sunrise Apartments are both 2 story buildings containing a mixture of 1, 2, and 3 bedroom apartments. Both buildings are identical in construction except that Building A has 11 units and BuildingBhas9units. Allapartmentsexittoanexteriorbalconyandthereisnocommoninterior corridor. The foundation is all weather wood stem walls on concrete footings. The crawlspace has insulated walls and is a semi conditioned space. There is no insulation in the floor above the crawlspace to allow building heat to condition the crawlspace. There is no common ventilation system in the buildings. Each unit uses exhaust only ventilation with bath fans on Airtrak programmable timers and range hoods with fresh air makeup vents in windows. Figures 2.13 6 and 2.13 7 show the outside shell of the Sunrise Apartments. Figure 2.13 6 : Sunrise Apartment Buildings Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 105 of 116 Figure 2.13 7 Sunrise Apartment Buildings Table 2.13 4 provides the square footage and insulation values of building components for the Sunrise Apartments. Table 2.13 4 Sunrise Apartments Insulation Values and Area of Building Components Unit Type Item Living Area Floors Crawl Space Wall Rim Joist Wall House Wall Exterior Door Not South Windows Ceiling 1 Br Lower R Value 8.6 20.5 8.6 16.2 2.5 1.1 26.5 Area, ft 2 616 184 46 352 20 47 616 2 Br Lower R Value 12.1 20.5 9.1 16.2 2.5 1.1 26.5 Area, ft2 713 192 48 368 20 61 713 3 Br Lower R Value 12.4 20.5 9.1 16.2 2.5 2.0 26.5 Area, ft2 961 384 96 740 20 112 961 1 Br Upper R Value 34.7 N/A 20.0 15.4 2.5 1.1 30.9 Area, ft 2 616 N/A 44 355 20 47 616 2 Br Upper R Value 34.7 N/A 20.0 16.2 2.5 1.1 25.3 Area, ft2 713 N/A 48 896 20 61 713 3 Br Upper R Value 34.7 N/A 23.4 16.2 2.5 1.1 26.1 Area, ft2 961 N/A 100 800 20 112 961 Each building uses two Burnham hot water boilers firing on #2 fuel oil with hydronic distribution and baseboard heaters. Domestic hot water is produced indirectly using the heating boilers. Tables 2.13 5 and 2.13 6 provide a breakdown of annual energy use and costs for the Sunrise 9 Unit and 11 Unit Buildings. Values are provided from AkWarm reports using the 3/30/2015 data library. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 106 of 116 Table 2.13 5 : Sunrise Apartments 9 Unit Annual Fuel Use and Cost Breakdown Unit Type No. of Units Space Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Space Heating Electric Use, kWh Space Heating Electric Cost Water Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #1 Oil Cost Lights & Appliance Electric Use, kWh Lights & Appliance Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 3 BR Lower 2 882 $3,934 270 $127 352 $1,570 12,330 $5,795 $11,426 2 BR Lower 1 293 $1,307 90 $42 139 $620 5,769 $2,711 $4,680 1 BR Lower 1 308 $1,374 94 $44 104 $464 5,614 $2,639 $4,520 3 BR Upper 2 678 $3,024 208 $98 432 $1,927 12,330 $5,795 $10,843 2 BR Upper 2 492 $2,194 150 $71 278 $1,240 11,538 $5,423 $8,928 1 BR Upper 1 134 $598 41 $19 101 $450 5,614 $2,639 $3,706 Totals 9 2,787 $12,430 853 $401 1,406 $6,271 53,195 $25,002 $44,103 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library Table 2.13 6 : Sunrise Apartments 11 Unit Annual Fuel Use and Cost Breakdown Unit Type No. of Units Space Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Space Heating #1 Oil Cost Space Heating Electric Use, kWh Space Heating Electric Cost Water Heating #1 Oil Use, Gallons Water Heating #1 Oil Cost Lights & Appliance Electric Use, kWh Lights & Appliance Electric Cost Total Annual Costs 3 BR Lower 2 882 $3,934 270 $127 352 $1,570 12,330 $5,795 $11,426 2 BR Lower 2 586 $2,614 180 $85 278 $1,240 11,538 $5,423 $9,361 1 BR Lower 1 308 $1,374 94 $44 104 $464 5,614 $2,639 $4,520 3 BR Upper 2 678 $3,024 208 $98 432 $1,927 12,330 $5,795 $10,843 2 BR Upper 3 738 $3,291 225 $106 417 $1,860 17,307 $8,134 $13,391 1 BR Upper 1 134 $598 41 $19 101 $450 5,614 $2,639 $3,706 Totals 11 3,326 $14,834 1,018 $478 1,684 $7,511 64,733 $30,425 $53,248 Note: Fuel use and cost information provided by AkWarm software based on the 3/30/2015 library Yakutat Senior Center The Yakutat Senior Center is a single story building consisting of two apartments, common areas for elders to meet, and a kitchen providing hot meals to seniors. There is one 1 bedroom apartment and one 2 bedroom apartment. The apartments rated 5 star plus and 6 star for the Alaska Building Energy Efficiency Standard (BEES). The building is stick frame construction with an architectural asphalt shingle roof. The outside insulation technique was used and covered with a rain screen and fiberboard siding. Figures 2.13 8 through 2.13 11 shows pictures of the Yakutat Senior Center. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 107 of 116 Figure 2.13 8 Yakutat Senior Center North Elevation Figure 2.13 9 Yakutat Senior Center Interior Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 108 of 116 Figure 2.13 10 Yakutat Senior Center Northwest Entrance Figure 2.13 11 Yakutat Senior Center Two Bedroom Apartment Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 109 of 116 The building is heated with a Wood Gun cord wood gasification boiler. A Weil McLain Ultra oil boiler is used for backup and peaking. Domestic hot water is produced indirectly using the heating boilers. Two heat recovery ventilators are used to condition ventilation. Figures 2.13 12 through 2.13 15 show the mechanical systems for the Yakutat Senior Center. Figure 2.13 12 Yakutat Senior Center Wood Gun Cord Wood Boiler Figure 2.13 13 Yakutat Senior Center Cord Wood Storage Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 110 of 116 Figure 2.13 14 Yakutat Senior Center Oil Boiler Figure 2.13 15 Yakutat Senior Center Heat Recovery Ventilator Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 111 of 116 2.13.2Improvement Option Recommendations Energy audits were completed and energy efficiency measures were identified for the Yakutat Sunrise Apartments and the Old Clinic. Blower door tests and walkthrough assessments were conducted by professional energy auditing companies. Sunrise Apartments Energy efficiency measures considered for the Yakutat Sunrise Apartments are as follows: Windows – None of the windows close or latch properly and need replaced. Air Sealing THRHA considered reducing air leakage by 10%. Insulation – THRHA considered adding blown cellulose insulation to the attic space insulation. A summary of the identified Energy Efficiency Measures for the Sunrise Apartments are shown in Tables 2.13 7 and 2.13 8. Table 2.13 7 : Sunrise Apartments 9 Unit Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Improvement Savings Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Above Grade Wall: House: Add R 14 rigid (or same as above grade wall recommendation) to rim joist of above grade wall. $205 $667 3.3 7.1 Window/Skylight: not south windows replace : Replace existing window with triple pane, low E, argon window. $2,793 $39,277 14.1 1.2 Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 125 CFM at 50 Pascals. $0 $1,480 N/A 0.0 Ceiling w/ Attic: House: Add R 33 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $934 $9,690 10.4 2.2 Totals $3,932 $51,114 13.0 Table 2.13 8 : Sunrise Apartments 11 Unit Energy Efficiency Measure Cost Benefit Summary Improvement Savings Cost Simple Payback, Years SIR Above Grade Wall: House: Add R 14 rigid (or same as above grade wall recommendation) to rim joist of above grade wall. $239 $782 3.3 7.0 Window/Skylight: not south windows: Replace existing window with triple pane, low E, argon window. $3,389 $45,894 13.5 1.3 Caulk and Seal so that Home Air Leakage is Reduced by 125 CFM at 50 Pascals. $0 $1,730 N/A 0.0 Ceiling w/ Attic: House: Add R 33 blown cellulose insulation to attic space with Energy Truss. $1,114 $11,433 10.3 2.2 Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 112 of 116 Additionally,THRHAconsideredthe possibilityof biomassheatingsystemsservingboth buildings and using a non fuel oil option for domestic hot water heating during the non heating months. Biomass Heating System THRHA considered the feasibility of heating the building with wood pellet and cord wood fired biomass boilers located in a separate outbuilding. The recommended systems consist of a 175,000 Btu/hr wood pellet system and 250 gallons of hot water thermal storage or a 140,000 Btu/hr cord wood system and 550 gallons of thermal storage. The financial summaries of each system provided in Table 2.13 9 and 2.13 10.Cost breakdowns are provided in Section 4.0 – Attachments. Table 2.13 9 : Sunrise Apartments Wood Pellet Heating System Financial Summary Current Oil Use, Gallons Current Oil Cost Estimated Wood Pellet Use, Tons Estimated Wood Pellet Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated Oil Cost with Wood Pellet System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback 9,203 $41,045 77 $33,142 $2,500 $2,052 $3,351 150,978 45.1 Note: Assumes an oil offset of 95% with the wood pellet system. The use of hot water thermal storage and management of loads may provide additional offset or the ability to operate efficiently during the non heating months. Table 2.13 10 : Sunrise Apartments Cord Wood Heating System Financial Summary Current Oil Use, Gallons Current Oil Cost Estimated Cord Wood Use, Cords Estimated Cord Wood Cost Estimated O&M Costs Estimated Oil Cost with Cord Wood System Estimated Savings Estimated Capital Cost Simple Payback 9,203 $41,045 62 $19,269 $4,000 $8,209 $9,568 142,629 14.9 Note: Assumes an oil offset of 80% with the cord wood system. The use of hot water thermal storage and management of loads may provide additional offset or the ability to operate efficiently during the non heating months. Options for heating domestic hot water in the non heating months without oil include using the biomass systems, propane on demand hot water heaters, or air to hot water heat pumps. Heat pumps and propane systems will likely cost more to operate than oil. Additionally, propane will require a separate storage tank adding to the installation cost. The most cost effective way is likelytouse thebiomasssysteminanefficientwaybychargingthethermalstoragetankto190°F shutting down and letting the tank temperature drop to 130°F before kicking back on. This will allow the system to operate for extended periods of time while charging the tank. Yanmar Micro CHP System A propane fired micro CHP system was evaluated for use in the Sunrise Apartments. Installed costs are estimated at $90,000 each with annual savings of $20,000 $24,000dollarsper year. These savingsvaluesestimatethat90%ofthe oil use isoffset Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 113 of 116 and100%oftheelectricitygeneratedinathermallyledsystemisusedinthebuilding. Thiswould result in a 3.8 – 4.5 year payback based on current fuel prices. Table 2.13 10 : CHP System Savings Summary Building Oil Use, Gallons Oil Boiler Output, mmBtu Heating Energy Offset with CHP System (90%) Annual Oil and Electric Cost Savings with CHP System Estimated Simple Payback, Years 9 Unit Apartment Building 4,193 470 423 $19,939 3.8 11 Unit Apartment Building 5,010 561 505 $23,824 4.5 Note: Uses fuel prices of $3.00/gallon for propane, $4.46/gallon for #1 fuel oil, and $0.47/kWH for electricity to generate costs and savings. Lighting Upgrade – THRHA considered retrofitting interior and exterior lighting in the Sunrise Apartments. The retrofit would include approximately 65 fixtures in the 11 unit and 56 fixtures inthe9 unit. Interior T 12fluorescent fixtureswouldbe replacedwithT 8’sor LED’sandexterior wall packs would be replaced with LEDs. Installed costs are estimated at approximately $25,000 for T 8s and annual savings of $3,100 based on $0.47/kWh and 5,110 operating hours. Yak Tat Kwaan Old ClinicBuilding THRHA considered building improvements for the Old Clinic building due to necessity that are not driven by energy savings. Since THRHA does not own the Old Clinic, savings, costs, and paybacks were not included in the assessment of the building. A summary of possible improvements are listed below: Raise the building about 2 feet and install better foundation. Run piping under the floor and get it out of the attic, if practicable. Insulate the floor. Improve wall R value with Outside Insulation Technique with new siding. Install a wood biomass boiler as primary boiler, with the Weil McClain as secondary backup. Consider installing an on demand domestic hot water heater system for the non heating season. Yakutat Senior Center The boiler systems heating the Yakutat Senior Center use thermal storage tanks, however, they are currently piped in an arrangement that causes operation issues. The estimated cost to fix the piping arrangement is $27,000. A report completed by Alaska Energy Engineering, LLC and detailed cost breakdown are provided in Section 4 Attachments. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 114 of 116 3.0 POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES FOR IMPROVEMENTS THRHA has identified potential funding sources to implement improvements recommended in the results of the DOE Tribal Energy Grant. THRHA has been successful applicants for many of these programs for previous improvements such as the Kake Senior Center Modernization Project. Indian Housing Block Grant (IHBG)These are federal funds THRHA receives through the Native American Housing Assistance and Self Determination Act (NAHASDA), and consist of two types: NEEDS funds and Current Assisted Stock (CAS) funds. These funds come from HUD, and are allocated to Tribes using a formula. The Tribes then authorize THRHA as their Tribally Designated Housing Entity (TDHE) to use these funds for NAHASDA eligible housing activities. Indian Community Development Block Grant (ICDBG)These are federal funds that federally recognized tribes apply for, which the tribes may elect to transfer to THRHA for our projects under a sub recipient agreement. These funds come from HUD and utilize a competitive grant process. Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) Supplemental Grant Program These are State of Alaska funds that the State Legislature appropriates annually and are up to a 20% match to HUD funds. This is a competitive grant process available only to Housing Authorities. The funds can only be used for “the cost of on site sewer and water facilities, road construction to project sites, electrical distribution facilities and energy efficient design features in the homes.” DOE Tribal Energy Funds These are Federal funds awarded through a competitive grant application process. Funds are subject to Notice of Funding Availability and generally for feasibility studies. USDA Funds Federal grant and loan funds available from the US Department of Agriculture that are subject to availability and specific conditions. Rasmuson Foundation and other Private Grant Funders Private grant funds from philanthropic organizations. These utilize a competitive application process, usually with specific conditions on the use of funds. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 115 of 116 Tribal Transportation Funds Federal funds for eligible road projects subject to Tribal road’s inventory. HUD Section 184 and Title VI Loan Guarantees These are loan funds for Tribes, with a Federal guarantee, that are eligible for the AHFC Supplemental Program 20% match. Other Funds Discretionary funds of the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. Energy Efficiency Audits on Final DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Page 116 of 116 4.0 ATTACHMENTS 1. Angoon – Multifamily Apartments Biomass Pre feasibility Report 2. Haines – Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate 3. Hoonah – Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate 4. Juneau – Fireweed Place AEE Energy Audit 5. Juneau – Marquam George Fireweed Place Enclosure Report 6. Juneau – Glacier Village and Kanat’a Dey’I Assessment Notes 7. Kake – Senior Center AEE Energy Assessment 8. Kake – Lime Solar Feasibility Report 9. Kake – BacGen Solar Feasibility Report 10. Klawock – High Efficiency Low Emission Wood Fired Heating System Pre Feasibility Report 11. Klawock – Senior Center Energy Rating Information 12. Klawock – Senior Center AEE Energy Assessment 13. Saxman – Senior Center AEE Energy Assessment 14. Saxman – WESEE Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate 15. Yakutat – Sunrise Apartments AEE Energy Assessment 16. Yakutat – Sunrise Apartments Biomass Capital Costs 17. Yakutat – Senior Center AEE Energy Assessment 18. Yakutat – Senior Center Status Report 19. Lighting Fixture Analysis 20. Heat Pump Breakeven Summary 21. 3 bedroom single story – 1,300 ft 2 dwelling pellet stove and ASHP conversion 22. THRHA Energy Usage Assessment Report Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 1 Angoon – Multifamily Apartments Biomass Pre-feasibility Report PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 2 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 3 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 This feasibility study was supported by the Alaska Wood Energy Development Task Group and administered by the Fairbanks Economic Development Corporation. The THRHA supported the field study with information and assistance while in Angoon. The objective of this report is to document the results of a pre-feasibility study performed for the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA). The target buildings are 8 multi-plex residential buildings and a community center in Angoon, Alaska. Angoon is not on the road system, but it is accessible by ferry and float plane from Juneau. In this report, we distinguish between a multi-plex (duplex, triplex, etc) and a residence – when we use the term “residence” we mean a distinct “home” within a multi-plex. A duplex has two residences, and so on. The buildings in the THRHA are currently heated with oil, one oil boiler per residence (and one for the community center). The primary subject of the study is the feasibility of constructing a wood-fired heating plant to serve all nine buildings in the THRHA complex. A secondary objective is to evaluate the installation of a wood-fired boiler into a “typical” house. This is not part of the original scope for this work, but interest was found in the community for converting to pellet boilers if a supply of pellets were to exist in the community. Thus, the authors decided to give an example of costs and paybacks for a residence. Because there are no wood chips available in the area, and the THRHA is not interested in stick- fired boiler, this study evaluates only pellet fired boilers. Feasibility studies are often classified as Level 1 (L1), Level 2 (L2), or Level 3 (L3). Level 1 studies consist of very rough calculations on a small number of important metrics (unit fuel costs, etc). At the other end, L3 studies are commonly called “investment grade studies”; the level of detail and calculation is so high that one could use the results of an L3 study to get an outside entity to fund the implementation of the project. Level 2, then, is the bridge between L1 and L3; it is a screening study done to determine if it is worth the time and expense to initiate an L3 study. Level 3 studies are generally quite expensive, and thus not entered into lightly. The L2 study helps decision makers determine which aspects, if any, of a proposed project are worth the expense of an L3 study. An L1 study can be done remotely; an L2 study requires at least a minimum amount of site observation of existing conditions, conversations with the affected parties, and research with second-order parties (local foresters, vendors, local contractors, etc). This is a Level 2 study, although classified as pre- feasibility. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 4 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Sustainability, Inc (SI) and efour, PLLC (efour) perform L2 and L3 studies across the state of Alaska, from cities to small villages in the bush. We use the same performance and economic models for each type of study. The primary difference between the two studies is the quality of the inputs, which is generally a function of how much time has been spent gathering information, and the depth of that information. The primary sources of information for this study are data collected on site by SI, and data provided by the Fairbanks Economic Development Corporation (FEDC). Data collected on site by SI include existing site conditions, equipment name plate data, current energy cost data, and, equally important, information gathered by talking to the local stakeholders in the Village. In addition to the site knowledge gathered by SI, additional biomass boiler performance and cost data have been accumulated over the past several years from working with local engineers and contractors, and from completing multiple L2 and L3 wood-fired feasibility studies. Hourly weather data for the performance model was extracted from data collected and reported by the nearby Juneau Airport. In Angoon, the scope of this report is limited to the THRHA complex and one typical house; currently, each residence within each multi-plex has its own boiler. The boilers feed two or more zones of heating within each residence, using hydronic baseboard heat. Biomass heating systems can be expensive to install; the economics generally work better for larger buildings, or where two or more smaller buildings can be grouped together and served by a single biomass boiler, using buried piping between the buildings to distribute the heat. Significant parts of the cost of a district heating plant (DH Plant) are the interconnections to the individual boilers; in this case, the fact that each residence has a boiler (as opposed to one per multi-plex) potentially increases the capital costs of a project. Thus, more existing boilers means more interconnections and more cost, but no more additional savings. Interconnections are discussed in detail below. For this report, we have modeled the performance on one DH Plant, and one individual building. The DH Plant contains all nine buildings; subsets of smaller groups of multi-plexes were not analyzed. Smaller DH Plants would have even less economy of scale, and the THRHA showed no interest in having two Plants rather than one. The individual building modeled is the “typical house” referred to above. Although only one cluster of buildings for the DH Plant was evaluated, four different variations of that Plant (each variation is called a Scenario, abbreviated as Sc) were constructed. The performance is nearly identical between all four; the primary difference is the capital cost. This DH Plant has three disadvantages compared to many other DH Plants SI and efour have evaluated: 1. Not much economy of scale: The total oil consumption for the nine buildings is about 11,400 gallons per year. In many villages, a single building (usually the high school) uses two or more times as much oil as the entire THRHA complex. 2. High cost of wood: In most cases, we evaluate stick wood, and if feasible, wood chips. Both are less expensive on a BTU basis than wood pellets (although not nearly as convenient as pellets). 3. Many small buildings, each with multiple interconnections required. Each building is small (in terms of oil consumption), which makes it harder to pay for the cost of the piping required to get to the building, and the interconnections to the multiple boilers. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 5 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 For these reasons, we looked at a number of ways to strip costs out of the DH Plant without materially affecting performance. One could say that the Scenario 1 DH Plant is the “Cadillac”, and each successive DH Plant (Sc 2 through Sc 4) strips out equipment and features, which, while nice, may not be strictly required for the THRHA Plant. The differences between the Scenarios are detailed in Sections 2 and 3 below. As noted above, the only form of biomass modeled in this report is wood pellets. Wood chips are not available, and the THRHA was not interested in stick-fired boilers. Figure 1.1 below shows the assumptions that have been made for the existing fuels in the Village (oil and electrical energy), in the units in which they are sold: Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2 shows the assumptions made for the cost of wood fuel, in various forms. Figure 1.2 Because each form of fuel has different heat content and is sold in differing units, direct comparisons of the data in Figures 1 and 2 are very difficult. To make the comparison simple, all these energy sources are converted to a common unit, one million BTU (1 mmBTU). To make the comparison even more relevant, the conversion efficiency of each source has been factored in. In this case, the conversion efficiency is the boiler efficiency. It is different for each fuel – using drier wood results in better boiler efficiency, and the oil boilers have their own efficiencies as well. In Figure 1.3 below, therefore, the mmBTUs references are those coming out of the boiler into the space, not the gross heat content of the fuel going into the boiler. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 6 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Figure 1.3 As Fig 1.3 shows, electrical energy is about one half again as expensive as No.1 oil, which, in turn, is about two and quarter times more expensive than wood pellets. The wood pellets are assumed to contain 8,162 BTU/lb. The following Figures summarize the performance and economic modeling that SI and efour performed. The model is based on a pellet cost of $300 per ton delivered to Angoon, but that may vary. The summary results are presented twice and include a graph, which shows the sensitivity of net simple payback to pellet cost. Figure 1.4 overall economic summaries with pellets at $300/ton. Figure 1.5 shows the same metrics with pellets at $360/ton. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 7 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Figure 1.5 As footnote (3) indicates, we have not estimated any increase in annual maintenance with the installation of the pellet-fired boiler. This is because the fuel consistency is so high, the material handling so smooth, and the pellet boilers so reliable that in essence it is as close to being as automatic as an oil fired boiler as a wood fired boiler can get. We would expect that whoever currently cares for the oil boilers will also take care of the pellet boilers, and that no significant additional time or parts expenses will be incurred. Experience has shown that pellet boilers are reliable enough to be used in residences; this would not be the case if there were significant maintenance and expense required. The net present value and benefit to cost calculation assume a 20 year project life; during that period, costs must be assumed to escalate. Figure 1.6 below shows the proposed escalation factors. Figure 1.6 Using these factors results in the following 20 year cash flows: PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 8 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Figure 1.7 With these escalation factors, the savings increase by a factor of 2.4 over 20 years. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 9 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Of course, a primary variable in the financial analysis is the cost of pellets. For that reason, as noted above, we include a graph that shows the effect of pellet cost on net simple payback: Figure 1.8 Figure 1.9 below is a summary of the cost estimate. The complete construction estimate is contained in Section 2: Figure 1.9 There are three notes that must be amended to Figure 1.9: PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 10 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 1. In order to reduce costs, Sc 3 and Sc 4 assume that no final study is done (or a minimal update of this study), for these Scenarios, this line item is cut by 50%, from 7.0 percent to 3.5 percent. 2. Sc 1 and Sc 2 assume an outside construction manager/administrator is living and working in the Village during construction, actively managing the project. However, in talking to THRHA, they indicate they may have the capacity to take on these tasks. Therefore, in Sc 3 and 4, the on-site construction management is eliminated. There is still money for an engineer / manager to answer site questions, review submittals, etc. 3. In order to minimize soft costs, for Sc 3 and Sc 4, the contingency was cut by 25 percent (therefore, it is 0.75 * 0.75 = 0.56 of construction cost). Finally, Figure 1.10 shows a financial / performance summary for a typical house in Angoon. This is based on a number of assumptions as we were not able to get an amount of oil used annually for a large house. When individual buildings are evaluated, the same cost factors are used, but with a different reporting format, because many elements that go into a DH Plant do not apply when looking at a single boiler / single boiler configuration. In addition, because this is a strictly residential application, many soft costs are not applied. There is no external construction administration, for example, and no design/study costs (the contractor is assumed to be competent to design/execute the interconnection). The boiler is assumed to be in the residence, which eliminates site pipe, etc. Figure 1.10 shows the typical house results at $300 per ton: Figure 1.10 Both the DH Plant (Scenario 4) and the typical house have a net simple payback of about nine years. For a Housing Authority looking to control energy costs, budget for the future, and create an alternative to oil, this is likely a reasonable payback – renewable energy projects often have benefits that extend beyond the merely financial. For a home owner, a nine year payback may be harder to swallow. In both cases, however, the benefit to cost ratio is well over 1.0, the minimum standard (2.5 and 3.0, respectively). Although financial forecasts cannot be made on “maybes”, there is also possibility that as wood pellets become more common in SE Alaska, there will be more suppliers and more economy of scale, causing unit prices to drop below $300 per ton. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 11 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 THRHA must evaluate these results using their own investment metrics and criteria. However, it appears, based on the findings of this report, that if THRHA can form a team of the right professionals and contractors, and design a lean delivery method that maximizes the assets of the Authority, this is certainly a viable project, financially. The next step, therefore, is to work with the Authority to determine what elements are required for a project that they consider a “success”, and figure out to deliver those elements within a cost and performance structure appropriate for the community. In addition to financial performance, SI and efour believe that wood energy projects generate benefits to the Village beyond the obvious monetary ones; we call these VBECS (value beyond energy cost savings), a term borrowed from the Rocky Mountain Institute. Among these VBECS are: Use of renewable resources Reliance on local, rather than remote energy sources Reduced carbon footprint Reduced secondary emissions (NOx, S, CO, etc) Increased fuel price stability (for future budget planning) Energy money spent remains in the local economy There are, no doubt, others as well. As was noted above, a Level 2 study is a screening study, meant to provide enough information to the stakeholders to A) determine how to proceed next, B) determine whether to proceed, or C) halt the project until conditions improve. This study provides the information needed for the THRHA and other stakeholders to make these decisions. The authors believe that the project is strong enough financially and with VBECS to immediately apply to the AEA Renewable Energy Fund for a grant to support this project. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 12 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 The following statistics in Figure 2.1 summarize the existing conditions in the THRHA complex: Figure 2.1 The proposed pellet-fired DH Plant would displace over 99 percent of the current fuel consumption; however, the existing boilers would remain in place as back up in all Scenarios. In some Scenarios, they would be the only back-up. This is explained in more detail in subsection 2.4. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 13 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Figure 2.2 below shows the properties of the pellets that were used in this study: Figure 2.2 The most pertinent value in the Figure is the net useable heat content, 8,162 BTU/lb. Because of the low moisture content (4 percent), pellets are by far the most energy-dense form of wood fuel. There are a number of manufacturers of pellet boilers; the basis of design boilers used in this study are the PES series of boilers made by Maine Energy Systems (MES). There are eight sizes in the PES series, ranging from 41 kBTU/h to 191 kBTU/h (output). The basic system components include: o A pellet bin, which holds bulk amounts of wood pellets. o This bin is kept filled by periodic deliveries to the Village by truck and ferry o There are a number of delivery and loading methods once within the Village o A means of getting the pellets from the bin into the boiler (material handling) o For MES, this is a vacuum system; the bin may be up to 66 ft away from the boiler o The boiler o The boiler uses onboard controls to modulate the firing rate to meet heating demand o Will remain on and operating as long as the bin is kept filled, and no fuel fouling occurs o Is a “hands-off” unit o A vent or boiler stack o This vents the products of combustion and boiler emissions into the air through an elevated stack or vent pipe o May or may not include additional emissions control equipment Examples of the MES boilers and accessories are included in Appendix A As noted above, the thermal performance of all four Scenarios is about the same. What changes from Scenario to Scenario is the implementation cost, the level of complexity and sophistication, and the level of involvement of THRHA. Subsection 2.3 outlines the configuration of Scenario 1, while subsection 2.4 details how each subsequent Scenario deviates from Sc 1. Some of the features of Scenario 1: A new 8 x 34 containerized pellet boiler plant, piped and wired at the manufacturer, and delivered to the site The container includes primary piping, two boilers, expansion tanks, ash container, controls as specified, lights, and all electrical lighting and wiring – plus room for variable speed secondary pumps, secondary pumps and a secondary heat exchanger and expansion tank PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 14 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 An oil-fired boiler is included in the new DH plant to cover failures and high peak load periods. A new slab constructed to house the container, with pipe and wiring routed to slab Distribution piping from the slab to each building Connection from the distribution piping to each of the 23 boilers One control valve, HX and flow meter per interconnection (see Section 3) DDC controls as required to control the Plant and interconnections The new piping will be tied into the existing systems in such a way that will always take the “wood heat” before taking oil/propane heat (Figure 3.2 below) However, if for any reason the wood fired system cannot meet load, the existing boilers will automatically start and fire as required to meet load Full design and construction administration/management services, with 7.5 percent contingency Figure 3.1 in the section below shows the “Scenario 1” configuration, as it applies to building interconnections. The means of interconnection is one of the primary differences between the Scenarios. Scenarios 2 through 4 differ from Scenario 1 in the following ways: The oil fired back-up boiler at the DH Plant is eliminated, and the existing boilers are assumed to provide back-up The interconnection to each boiler is revised from Figure 3.2 to Figure 3.3 – a much less complex and expensive configuration The controls are all assumed to be local, with no DDC control The secondary pumps are assumed to be constant speed (they are so small, there is little energy penalty) In Sc 2, we eliminated some manufacturer’s boiler controls, and some features in an attempt to lower costs, but it did not get the financials to a viable point, and it eliminated some desirable features, so these options were added back in in Sc 3 and 4 (thus the container costs are slightly higher) All of the Sc 2 modification, plus The interconnection detail remains Figure 3.3 – with 23 total connections This simplifies the connections and eliminates the need for DDC controls; however, there are still 23 connections required Final study and design fees are cut in half; this assumes that THRHA can allocate some resources to the project External construction management is handled by THRHA This local control allows the contingency to be decreased by 25 percent. All of the Sc 3 modification, plus The interconnection detail becomes Figure 3.4 or Figure 3.5 (depending on Village needs) – cutting the total connections to 11. Figure 2.3 below summarizes the energy consumption, existing and proposed, on a monthly basis: PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 15 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 shows the same data for Sc 2 through Sc 4 (the savings for these Scenarios does not change, only the implementation cost): Figure 2.4 The construction cost estimate is provided below in Figure 2.5. These are commonly referred to as the “hard costs”. The remaining soft costs, fees, permits, etc, are detailed in Section 1. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 16 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Figure 2.5 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 17 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 One of the most important features of a District Heating system is the interconnection between the DH system and the existing buildings systems. These interconnections can range from complex (and expensive), to very simple, often with one or more variations in between. The simpler the interconnections get, the less they cost. However, even the least expensive connections constitute a significant amount of money. The goal, therefore, is to first minimize the number of connections, and then apply the lowest appropriate level of technology for each connection, minimizing overall construction cost. One thing that all possible interconnections should have in common is that no operator intervention should be required in the event that the DH Plant fails, or that the biomass boilers cannot meet the peak loads in very cold weather. At the same time, in periods of the very high heating load, the system should ideally use 100 percent of the capacity from the biomass boilers first, and use the “back- up” oil only to cover the peaks. The following is a summary of some of the things all interconnections should have in common: In all systems, it is preferred that a heat exchanger is installed between the distribution piping and the building piping. Many building systems use glycol, while the DH distribution systems use 100 percent water. The heat exchanger provides a physical barrier between the two systems to prevent cross- contamination, while allowing heat to cross over. A control valve is used on the distribution return line to control the hot water return water temperature on the building side of the exchanger. Interconnect in such a way that the building hot water return is heated before it gets to the building boiler(s). The basic premise is that the temperature setpoint for the building return water coming off the heat exchanger is 5 deg F (for example) hotter than the setpoint of the boiler itself. The result is simple; if the biomass system heats the building return water to a temperature at or above that of the boiler setpoint, the boiler will not come on, HOWEVER, If for any reason, the biomass system cannot heat the building return water all the way to boiler setpoint (failure or very cold weather), the return water temperature will begin to fall, and when it falls below the boiler setpoint, the boiler will automatically add enough heat to make its setpoint. This ensures that 100 percent of the available biomass heating capacity is utilized before any back-up fuel is used. Once the load drops to the point where the heat exchanger can heat the return water to above the boiler setpoint, the building boiler will stop firing. Given the list above, for any given site, there can be many possible variations in the way buildings are connected. In general, the size of the DH Plant, the number and nature of the end-users, and the sophistication of the individual building controls also factor into the decisions on how to interconnect the buildings. For large DH Plants with extensive piping systems, the cost of the pumping energy required to distribute the heat through the pipes is significant. For that reason, variable speed secondary hot water pumps are used. At any load less than 100 percent, variable speed pumps cut the pumping energy by 1/4th to 1/8th of the energy of constant volume system at the same flow. In these situations, the preference is to use a good quality motor-actuated control valve to control the flow at each building (actually, at each connection – so there may be more than one per building). PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 18 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 A motor-actuated valve generally pre-supposes that the building has a pneumatic or DDC control system to control all of the HVAC systems. Larger, more sophisticated buildings tend to have such control systems; smaller buildings use only local controls. For a DH Plant that serves multiple buildings with multiple owners, a metering system is installed. This allows the DH Plant to charge the end-users for the exact amount of heat the use. In Angoon, the existing boiler system configurations present a number of challenges for keeping the interconnection costs as low as possible. The overall housing complex consists of duplexes, triplexes, and quadplexes, as well as the community center. In the multi-plexes, there is one boiler per residence, and each boiler can serve only the residence it was meant to serve. This means that instead of nine connections (the number of buildings), the current configuration requires 23 connections: (4) duplexes * 2 connection = 8 connections (2) triplexes * 3 connections = 6 connections (2) quadplexes * 4 connections = 8 connections (1) community center * 1 connection = 1 connection The total from above is 23 connections. Even if we reduce the unit cost to as low a value as possible, 23 connections represent a large sum of money. For Angoon, therefore, four Scenarios were modeled. Sc 1 was the “base case”, which represents the configuration of a large, complex, multi-user system with above average sophistication. For Scenario 2, some of the sophistication was reduced, some of the equipment, and thus some of the money. In Scenario 3, there is more reduction, and In Scenario 4; the assumption is that some level of re-piping has been done in each building, such that a single point of connection can be made (instead of 2 – 4 per building). The exception is the two north-most duplexes. The individual boilers in these buildings are not in the same room, so they will always have two connections. Figures 3.1 through 3.5 below show some of the interconnection options for Angoon. Figure 3.1 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 19 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Figure 3.1 shows a typical Angoon duplex arrangement. Each boiler can serve only one residence, and there are two zones for each residence, A & B. The boilers cannot cross over and serve the other residence in the event of a failure. There is, as noted above, one boiler per residence. Figure 3.2 Figure 3.2 above shows the most expensive means of interconnecting; this would correspond to the pricing assumptions made in Scenario 1. This assumes that 1) each boiler must be connected separately, 2) that each end-user must be sub-metered, 3) an external control system exists in each building, and 4) the secondary pumping is variable speed. As noted above, the system is configured to heat the building hot water return before it gets to the boiler. The 2-position valve directly below the pump would be closed, and the other two 2-position valves open; building hot water return flows to the heat exchanger. The building HWR would be heated, and returned to the boiler loop just above the point it enters the boiler. Because the HWR is now hotter than the setpoint for the boiler, the boiler never fires. The modulating valves at the HX control the building HWR temperature, and the flow meters at each HX allow the DH Plant operator to measure the exact amount of heat consumed by each residence within the multi-plex. This is clearly over-kill for the situation in Angoon. First, the amount of flow in the system is so small that the secondary pumps are less than one horsepower. Thus, while electricity is still expensive, there is no need to use expensive control valves at each HX, and no need to make the secondary pumps variable speed. Second, there are no building control systems to control all the valves shown above. Third, there appears to be no reason to individually meter the heat to each residence. Item 3.2 above means that a single heat exchanger can be used for each multi-plex – however, we do still have to hook up to each boiler individually. There are still 23 separate connections, although each one is significantly less complex and less expensive than the interconnections priced out in Scenario 1. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 20 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 This is the basic configuration assumed in Scenarios 2 and 3 (there are other differences between 2 and 3 that affect price; these are detailed elsewhere in this report). Figure 3.3 In Figure 3.3, all of the actuated valves have been replaced, except that the building HWR temperature is still controlled by what we have labelled as a self-controlled valve. This valve is controlled by the expansion and contraction of a fluid within a “sensing bulb” strapped to the pipe and a fluid-filled line from the bulb to the actuator itself (light dashed line). The hotter the building HWR gets, the more the fluid expands; the resulting pressure moves the actuator in the valve to modulate to control the HWR temperature – no external power source or controller is required. The level of precision is not as high, but is more than enough for the application. The 2-position valves are replaced with manual valves. They would normally be left as shown (the two horizontal valves are open, the vertical valve is closed). These valve positions would only be reversed if, for some reason, a resident wished to isolate their boiler from the DH Plant. A single HX is used for the multi-plex, although as noted above, there are still two connections required, and the boilers cannot back one another up (each boiler can still only serve its original residence). In talking to the Villagers, we learned that there was some thought of converting the multi-plexes such that each one had only one boiler, regardless of the number of residences. This would obviously make the DH Plant much less expensive; in addition to using the much less expensive interconnections, the number on interconnections decreases from 23 to 11 (the two northernmost duplexes cannot easily be converted to one boiler, so 7 buildings * 1 connection + 2 buildings * 2 connections = 11 connections). No indication was given on the potential timing of such a measure, but the model shows the effect that such a re-configuration of the existing systems would have. Although Sc 2 and Sc 3 have been reduced, the combination of 1) a small overall amount of “base” oil consumption, 2) a long distance PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 21 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 between the buildings (thus lots of buried pipe), and 3) a very large number of interconnections was making Scenarios 1, 2, and 3 appear unattractive, financially. A final model was run, assuming only 11 interconnects. Rather than assume that the existing boilers had been removed, and a single new boiler added, two ways were presented to reduce the number of connections to one per building while leaving the existing boilers in place. Figures 3.4 and 3.5 show the basic piping schematics. Figure 3.4 In this configuration, a new building return water (HWR) header is installed. All four HWR lines tie into the header. A new secondary building pump is shown, but may not be needed (more field work would be required to determine this). The single heat exchanger can now heat all of the hot water for the whole building with one connection to the new header. At each boiler, a solenoid valve is added – the valve would be open whenever the associated PHWP was operating. Thus if Residence 2 did not need heat, PHWP-2 would be off. The associated solenoid would close, preventing water that should be flowing only to Residence 1 from flowing through B-2. Since all of the return lines flow into a common header, there is no need for two HWR lines to each boiler, so one line is removed. This assumes the remaining line can handle the entire HWR flow. ,A subject for future field work. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 22 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 This configuration represents the aim of reducing the number of connections to one. However, each boiler can still only serve the original residence it “belonged to” – the supply lines off each boiler are still separate and dedicated. Figure 3.5, therefore, shows an added building hot water supply header as well. In this configuration, there is a single point connection, and any boiler can serve any load in the building. Figure 3.5 NOTE that while Scenario 4 takes credit for the cost savings associated with reducing the number of connections from 23 to 11, it DOES NOT include the costs associated with adding the header or headers (depending on final configuration). Since THRHA was considering something similar, the change was modeled to show how it would affect the economics of the DH Plant. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 23 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 When referring to a hot water heating system, thermal storage simply refers to a hot water tank, which stores hot water (thus thermal storage). The importance of using thermal storage in a biomass-fired heating plant varies, depending on the form the wood. Stick fired boilers are batch fed, with an operator adding batches of fuel as needed. In this case, thermal storage is almost a requirement. This is because once the fuel starts burning; it is impossible to modulate the rate of burn to match the heat load. Instead, the amount of fuel added is sized to heat the thermal storage, while the pumping/piping system extracts heat from the thermal storage as needed to match the load. The thermal storage “de-couples” the rate of burn from the variations in heating load. Chip fired boilers are automatically fed, and can modulate to meet load. It would seem then that they would not need thermal storage, and in fact many chip systems are installed without storage. Where storage really provides value in a chip system is when the heating load varies over a very large range, as they do in Alaska. The boiler can only turn down to about 25 percent of full load capacity – below that heating demand, the boiler will cycle off until hot water temperature drops a set amount, and then restart. A good chip boiler will auto-restart, but they still will not cycle On and Off like an oil boiler, for instance. Once the fuel is in a solid fuel burner, it will burn whether the heat is needed or not. They take a long time to cool down, and an equally long time to heat back up. Finally, if the fuel is very wet, the auto-start may take a long time, or in extreme cases, fail. A storage tank can help limit the cycling, the boiler now modulates to keep the tank at setpoint, and as above, the system extracts heat from the tank as needed. The thermal storage can keep the boiler running at very low levels rather than cycling. The performance of pellet boilers is as close to an oil-fired boiler as is possible with wood. The fuel is very dry, and easy to re-start. The boilers are generally much smaller than chip boilers, so there is not much fuel in the unit at any given time. They are as heavy, so they heat up much quicker. While a thermal storage tank would, again, limit cycling at low loads, pellet boilers generally do not need a tank to modulate and follow loads. However, all good pellet boilers have an auto-cleaning feature, where they clean the tubes, generally once a day. Many models cannot do this while the boiler is actually running, so they shut down. Such boilers generally use thermal storage to “bridge over” the time they are off. The Okofen boilers sold by Maine Energy Systems do not shut down while cleaning, and so while thermal storage can be added to the MES boilers, a determination must be made for storage based on the application, need and cost. In a district heating application, one is likely to have two, or even three boilers. If each boiler has a 4:1 turndown, then a plant with two boilers can turn down 8:1, and a three-boiler plant can turn down 12:1. The buried piping provides a small but constant load, and even on warm days in AK, nights can be cold. So, in these DH situations, thermal storage is not added, the combined turndown of the boilers is sufficient to minimize cycling. In a small single building or residential application, a small (50 – 90 gallon) tank may be added, even for an MES boiler, space and money permitting. PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 24 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 25 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 26 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 27 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 28 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 29 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 30 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 31 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 32 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY on WOOD-FIRED HEATING PROJECTS Sustainability, Inc Angoon, Alaska efour, PLLC For Fairbanks Economic 33 | 33 Final Document Development Corporation 22 AUG 2014 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 2 Haines – WESEE Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate THRHA Haines Multifamily Building 7/30/2015 Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost1 70,000 Btu/hr wood pellet system 2 15,000$ Boiler room addition 3 250 sf 60$ 15,000$ Pellet storage 7,500$ Boiler room equipment 10,000$ Site preparation 10,000$ Thermal storage 60 gal 5,000$ Pex Pipe (1 2" supply and return) 25 lf 150$ 3,750$ On demand propane DHW Heater 2,000$ Interconnection to existing boiler room 4 10,000$ Sub Total 78,250$ Contractor Profit 10% 7,825$ Sub Total 86,075$ Contingency 15% 12,911$ Sub Total 98,986$ Professional Services 12% 11,878$ Total 110,865$ Notes: 1 Overhead and bid bond are factored into the estimated item costs and are not broken out. 2 Includes stack, breeching, and controls. 3 Pole construction with minimal HVAC requirements. 4 Cost is prelimary since existing equipment and plumbing have not been evaluated in detail. 5 All costs are installed costs. 6 Geotechnical investigations and surveys have not been conducted. Soil and grade dependent items are subject to large changes in cost pending site investigation. 7 Sizing of the biomass system is based solely on estimated annual fuel usage data listed in AkWarm. Haines 12 Unit Multifamily Building Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate WES Energy & Environment Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 3 Hoonah – WESEE Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate THRHA Hoonah Multifamily Building 7/30/2015 Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost1 40,000 Btu/hr wood pellet system 2 12,500$ Boiler room addition 3 250 sf 60$ 15,000$ Pellet storage 7,500$ Boiler room equipment 10,000$ Site preparation 10,000$ Thermal storage 60 gal 5,000$ Pellet storage 7,500$ Interconnection to existing boiler room 4 10,000$ Sub Total 77,500$ Contractor Profit 10% 7,750$ Sub Total 85,250$ Contingency 15% 12,788$ Sub Total 98,038$ Professional Services 12% 11,765$ Total 109,802$ Notes: 1 Overhead and bid bond are factored into the estimated item costs and are not broken out. 2 Includes stack, breeching, and controls. 3 Pole construction with minimal HVAC requirements. 4 Cost is prelimary since existing equipment and plumbing have not been evaluated in detail. 5 All costs are installed costs. 6 Geotechnical investigations and surveys have not been conducted. Soil and grade dependent items are subject to large changes in cost pending site investigation. 7 Sizing of the biomass system is based solely on estimated annual fuel usage data listed in AkWarm. Hoonah 12 Unit Multifamily Building Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate WES Energy & Environment Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 4 Juneau – Fireweed Place AEE Energy Audit Fireweed Place Juneau, Alaska Final Report February, 2015 Energy Audit Fireweed Place 2 Energy Audit Table of Contents Section 1: Executive Summary Introduction ................................................................... 3 Building Assessment ..................................................... 3 Energy Efficiency Measures ......................................... 5 Section 2: Introduction Introduction ................................................................... 7 Building Energy Consumption ...................................... 7 Section 3: Energy Audit Description of Systems ............................................... 10 Energy Efficiency Measures ....................................... 13 Section 4: Methodology Energy Efficiency Measures ....................................... 19 Life Cycle Cost Analysis............................................. 19 Economic Factors ........................................................ 20 Appendix A: Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis Appendix B: Utility Data Fireweed Place 3 Energy Audit Section 1 Executive Summary INTRODUCTION This report presents the findings of an energy audit of the Fireweed Place Apartments located in Juneau, Alaska. The purpose of this energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its subsequent energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiency measures (EEMs). BUILDING ASSESSMENT The Fireweed Place is a 54,323 sqft, five story apartment building for senior citizens. Electricity is the only energy source for the building, supplying heating, ventilation, equipment, lighting and plug loads. The building has a master meter for all non-apartment energy use and the apartments are individually metered. The apartment energy use is not assessed in this audit. Building Envelope The walls are insulated to nearly optimal level and no recommendation to increase the thermal resistance is provided. The floor over the parking garage is under insulated, and the insulation is not aligned with the air boundary (concrete 2nd floor slab), so it is largely ineffective. The space above the insulation provides a routing for piping. There are cost effective opportunities to improve the insulation under this slab and increase its thermal resistance. Refer to the recommendations in the building shell report conducted by Marquam George. The attic insulation is below optimal values and can be improved by adding blown insulation over the existing fiberglass batts. This will also create a more uniform layer of insulation. The windows are good quality units for the period in which they were installed. While new windows would provide energy savings, the savings would not offset the cost of replacement. The exterior doors have metal frames that are not thermally broken between the outside panels and the inside panels. Unfortunately, replacing the doors with thermally broken units will not provide a life cycle savings. All of the exterior doors are properly weather-stripped. Heating System The apartments and support spaces are heated by electric resistance heaters. They are controlled by wall thermostats or integral thermostats. None of the thermostats are programmable for night temperature setback. It is possible to reduce heating costs by using heat pumps to heat the common spaces and the ventilation air. Heating the common spaces with heat pumps will not provide a life cycle savings since the heating load of these spaces is low. An EEM is evaluated to heat the ventilation air with an air source heat pump. Fireweed Place 4 Energy Audit Ventilation Systems The building has two heat recovery ventilating (HRV) units that supply the apartments and common spaces. The energy consumption of these units—fans to circulate the air and heating coils to temper the air—are on the house meter. The units are nearing the end of their service life. Energy efficiency opportunities include: Retaining the Existing Units: Scope includes cleaning the heat recovery cells, repairing the controls, and replacing the exhaust fan motor. This EEM includes replacing the existing units in ten years. Replace the HRVs: An analysis determined that the HRVs are over-ventilating the building. Considerable energy savings will occur by replacing them with smaller units. This will reduce the air flow to the apartments, which may be noticeable to the tenants. There is an opportunity to reduce the supply air temperature, which would shift some of the ventilation heating load to the tenants. This may be noticeable to the tenants. There is also an opportunity to install and air-source heat pump to heat the ventilation air more efficiently than electric coils. Domestic Hot Water System The building has four 50 gallon electric hot water heaters supplying laundry rooms, janitor rooms, toilets, and sinks. In addition, there is a 119 gallon HW heater that serves the 2nd floor laundry room, spa, sink, and toilet rooms. The hot water heaters are not wrapped in an insulating blanket and the hot water piping is not insulated. Since these systems are located in interior spaces, a low percentage of the heat loss is beneficial to the building. Lighting Most of the common area lighting is fluorescent with T12 lamps. The lamps are being phased out and will soon not be available. The lighting is controlled from wall switches. The interior lighting provides some beneficial heating to the building most of the year. A lighting upgrade will reduce lighting heat, with the heating system replacing some of the reduced lighting heat. This typically significantly reduces the net energy savings from upgrading the lighting. It is recommended that a lighting replacement, when it becomes necessary, utilize LED lighting with individual occupancy sensors that can reduce lighting to lower levels when the corridor is unoccupied. Room lighting controls such as occupancy sensors can also reduce lighting energy. But, if the heating system makes up the lost lighting heat, the net energy savings typically cannot pay for the high cost to install sensors in an existing building. The exception may be support spaces that are not heated. However, building staff is diligent about turning lights off so there is little incentive to install occupancy sensors. The exit signs are battery-operated LED fixtures. Building Exterior Most of the exterior lighting has been converted to LED lamps. There are five T12 fixtures over the main entrance door that are not efficient. Fireweed Place 5 Energy Audit Electric Equipment Laundry There is a laundry room on each floor of the building with a total of 5 washing machines and 5 dryers. The washing machines consist of three top load machines and two front load machines. The top load machines use more water and electricity than front loading models. ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Behavioral and Operational EEMs These EEMs are highly recommended as low-cost opportunities. EEM-1: Replace Clothes Washers with Front-Loading Models. This EEM should be implemented as machines require replacement. EEM-2: Reduce HRV Supply Air Setpoint. This EEM can be implemented to shift some of the apartment ventilation heating load from the house meter to the apartment meters. Supplying cooler air may affect tenant comfort. High and Medium Priority EEMs EEMs that are recommended for investment are shown in the following table. They are ranked by life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR). This ranking method places a priority on low cost EEMs which can be immediately funded, generating energy savings to fund higher cost EEMs in the following years. If all of the above EEMs are implemented, they will require a $234,400 investment and provide an annual cost savings of $23,570 for a simple payback of 9.9 years. Annual energy costs will be reduced by 60%. The EEMs are explained in greater detail in the Energy Audit section. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR High Priority EEM-3: Reduce HW Heater Capacity $0 ($900) ($900)$500 $0 ($16,800) ($16,300)33.6 EEM-4: Air Seal Shafts $0 ($3,520) ($3,520)$8,900 $0 ($65,300) ($56,400)7.3 EEM-5: Insulate HW Heaters and Piping $0 ($180) ($180)$800 $0 ($3,300) ($2,500)4.1 EEM-6: Combine Electric Meters $0 ($230) ($230)$2,000 $0 ($4,200) ($2,200)2.1 Medium Priority EEM-7: Replace Heat Recovery Ventilators $0 ($15,290) ($15,290)$163,400 $0 ($283,600) ($120,200)1.7 EEM-8: Upgrade Exterior Lighting ($60) ($30) ($90)$1,000 ($1,000) ($600) ($600)1.6 EEM-9: Increase Attic Insulation $0 ($3,360)($3,360)$57,800 $0 ($62,400)($4,600)1.1 Totals ($60) ($23,510) ($23,570)$234,400 ($1,000) ($436,200) ($202,800)1.9 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle CostsEnergy Efficiency Measure Fireweed Place 6 Energy Audit Low Priority EEMs EEMs that are not recommended for investment are shown in the following table. EEM-10 has a SIR greater than 1 but is not recommended because EEM-7 is a better investment. The other EEMs do not provide a life cycle savings. SUMMARY The building is properly maintained and operated. The lone exception is the cleaning of the heat recovery cells in the HRVs, an issue that exists because the units were not supplied with return air filters to preclude fouling of the heat transfer surfaces. Staff has done a commendable job of optimizing the operation to reduce energy costs. However, the energy audit revealed opportunities for improving the performance of the building. It is recommended that the behavioral and high priority EEMs be implemented now to generate energy savings from which to fund the medium priority EEMs. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR EEM-10: Rehabilitate Heat Recovery Ventilators $0 ($6,430)($6,430)$35,500 $65,900 ($119,200)($17,800)1.5 EEM-11: Upgrade Transformer $0 ($1,570) ($1,570)$29,386 $0 ($29,150)$236 1.0 EEM-12: Install Air Source Heat Pump $960 ($4,530) ($3,570)$111,900 $16,300 ($84,000)$44,200 0.6 EEM-13: Install Elevator Room Heat Recovery $30 ($150) ($120)$6,500 $500 ($2,700)$4,300 0.3 Energy Efficiency Measure Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Fireweed Place 7 Energy Audit Section 2 Introduction INTRODUCTION This report presents the findings of an energy audit of the Fireweed Place Apartments located in Juneau, Alaska. The purpose of this energy audit is to evaluate the infrastructure and its subsequent energy performance to identify applicable energy efficiency measures (EEMs). Report Format The energy audit report contains the following sections: Introduction: Building use and energy consumption. Description of Systems: Building envelope, mechanical systems, and electrical systems Energy Efficiency Measures: Priority ranking of energy efficiency measures Methodology: Basis for construction and maintenance cost estimates and the economic and energy factors used for the analysis The EEMs that are identified during the energy audit are priority ranked and, where applicable, subjected to energy and life cycle cost analysis. Appendix A contains the energy and life cycle cost analysis spreadsheets. BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION Description The Fireweed Place is a 54,323 sqft, five story apartment building for senior citizens. The first floor contains office and support spaces and the apartments are located on the 2nd through 5th floors. The office and support spaces are occupied during Monday through Friday work hours; the apartments are occupied continuously. Electricity is the only energy source for the building; it supplies heating, ventilation, equipment, lighting and plug loads. The building has a master meter for all non-apartment electricity use. The apartments are individually metered and their energy use is not assessed in this audit. Energy Use Index The following table shows the common area (non-apartment) energy consumption and cost in 2014. The energy consumption includes exterior lighting, parking garage lighting, interior lighting, ventilation energy, elevator energy, and common area plug loads. Fireweed Place 8 Energy Audit The common spaces have an Energy Use Index (EUI) of 106 kBtu/sqft. This value is higher than typical but is reasonable because it includes the ventilation energy for the entire building. Annual energy consumption and cost for the house meter is shown in the following table. Historic Energy Use The following chart shows a 4-year history of electric use. The shape of the curve is indicative of an electrically heated building with higher use during winter months. Energy use (and demand) from year-to- year varies in the beginning of the year but tracks more closely later in the year. The reason for this early year variation is not known. The history shows minimal variation from year to year which indicates that building operation is stable. Electricity use is lower over the last half of 2014 due to an exterior and parking garage lighting upgrade to LED fixtures. Source Cost EUI Electricity 435,987 kWh $39,270 106 Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Consumption Energy, MMBtu 1,490 Fireweed Place 9 Energy Audit Historic Electric Demand The following chart shows a 4-year history of electric demand. Demand also varies mildly early in the year. Juneau has relatively high demand charges, so demand control is essential to keeping electricity costs reasonable. The effective cost—energy costs plus demand charges—is 9.3¢ per kWh, which is on the low end for a commercial building. The utility bill is 67% energy charges, 29% demand charges, and 3% customer charges. The relatively low percentage of demand charges indicates that no large loads are spiking the demand while only operating for a short time. Fireweed Place 10 Energy Audit Section 3 Energy Audit DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS Fireweed Place is a 54,323 square foot, five story apartment building. The building contains: First Floor: Manager’s office and support spaces 2nd Floor to 5th Floor: Studio, 1-bedroom, and 2-bedroom apartments and common areas such as laundry rooms, lounges and corridors. The building originally had a commercial kitchen with cooking equipment, kitchen and dishwasher exhaust hoods, and a makeup air fan. These systems have all been decommissioned or removed. Building Envelope The building envelope is summarized in the following table: Building Envelope R-value Component Description (inside to outside) Existing Optimal Walls Gyp bd, 6” wood studs, R-21 batt, sheathing, siding R-21 R-23 Floor over Parking Concrete slab, R-30 batt insulation, ceiling R-30 R-40 Roof - Attic Gyp bd, R-38 batt insulation R-30 R-50 Windows Vinyl, double pane, good weather-stripping R-2 R-4 Doors Main: Metal w/o thermal break, dbl pane, good weather-stripping R-1.5 R-3 Entrance: Metal w/o thermal break R-2 R-5 Overhead: Metal w/o thermal break, no weather-stripping R-1 R-4 The exterior doors have metal frames that are not thermally broken between the outside panels and the inside panels. Unfortunately, replacing the doors with thermally broken units will not provide a life cycle savings. All of the exterior doors are properly weather-stripped. Heating System The apartments and support spaces are heated by electric resistance heaters. They are controlled by wall thermostats or integral thermostats. None of the thermostats are programmable for night temperature setback. Fireweed Place 11 Energy Audit Ventilation Systems The building has the following heat recovery ventilating (HRV) units: HRV-1 and HRV-2 serve the 2nd through 5th floors HRV-3 served the first floor but has been turned off for over 19 years. Each HRV has a supply fan, heat recovery cell, and exhaust fan. The supply fan draws in 100% outside air and supplies it to the rooms. The exhaust fan draws exhaust air from bathrooms, janitor’s closets and laundry rooms. Both air streams flow through a heat recovery cell that transfers heat from the exhaust air to the supply air. The supply air is additionally heated by an electric heating coil to maintain a supply air temperature of 60°F in summer and 70°F in winter. Temperature readings of air flows into and out of the HRVs show that they are operating at an effectiveness of 45-50% on a 44°F day. This is lower than expected but there is no performance data available to reference. Inspection revealed that there are no filters on the return air stream and the heat exchanger passages are nearly plugged on the return air side. This would explain the lower than expected effectiveness. HRV-1 and HRV-2 have dampers on the outside air intake, the exhaust air outlet, and a bypass damper. The outside and exhaust air dampers are stuck wide open; this is not an issue since the unit operates continuously. The bypass damper provides both frost protection and a warm weather bypass of the heat recovery function. There are integral controls for frost protection, warm weather bypass and modulation of the electric heating coil for supply air temperature control. The sequence of control is: Defrost Protection: The bypass damper modulates to allow the supply air to bypass the heat recovery cell during cold weather to ensure that the exhaust air temperature stays above freezing so moisture does not freeze on the cell. Warm Weather Bypass: The bypass damper modulates to allow the supply air to bypass the heat recovery cell during warm weather to provide natural cooling. Supply Air Temperature Control: The electric heating coil modulates to maintain a supply air temperature setpoint. An assessment of the controls determined that they are not properly calibrated or operational. They should be assessed by a control technician and set as follows: Defrost Protection: Set to maintain the exhaust air discharge temperature above 35°F. Warm Weather Bypass: Set to maintain limit the supply air temperature to 72°F. Supply Air Temperature Control: Set to maintain a supply air temperature of 70°F and 60°F during summer and winter, respectively. Domestic Hot Water System Apartments Each apartment has an electric hot water heater connected to the apartment utility meter. A high percentage of the heat loss from these heaters is beneficial toward heating the apartment. No energy efficiency measures are recommended. Fireweed Place 12 Energy Audit Common Areas Commercial Kitchen: The kitchen HW heater has been turned off. Laundry Rooms (3rd, 4th, 5th Floors): Each laundry room has a 50 gallon electric HW heater. The heater and HW piping is not insulated. Toilet Rooms and Janitor’s Closet (1st and 2nd Floors): A 50 gallon electric HW heater on the 2nd floor supplies these spaces. The heater and HW piping is not insulated. Common Spaces (2nd Floor): 119 gallon HW heater with an 18 kW heating capacity. The unit serves the laundry room, spa, sink, and toilet rooms. The hot water heaters are not wrapped in an insulated blanket and the hot water piping is not insulated. Since these systems are located in interior spaces, a low percentage of the heat loss is beneficial. Lighting Common Areas Most of the common area lighting is fluorescent with T12 lamps. The lamps are being phased out and will soon not be available. The lighting is controlled from wall switches. The interior lighting provides some beneficial heating to the building most of the year. A lighting upgrade will reduce lighting heat, with the heating system replacing some of the reduced lighting heat. This typically significantly reduces the net energy savings from upgrading the lighting. It is recommended that a lighting replacement, when it becomes necessary, utilize LED lighting with individual occupancy sensors that can reduce lighting to lower levels when the corridor is unoccupied. Lighting controls such as occupancy sensors can also reduce lighting energy. But, if the heating system makes up the lost lighting heat, the net energy savings typically cannot pay for the sensor. The exception may be support spaces that are not heated. However, building staff is diligent about turning lights off so there is little incentive to install occupancy sensors. The exit signs are battery-operated LED fixtures. Parking Garage The lighting in the parking garage has been recently converted to LED lamps. Building Exterior Most of the exterior lighting has been converted to LED lamps. There are five T12 fixtures over the main entrance door that are less efficient. The photocell that controls the lighting had not been properly adjusted. Electric Equipment Laundry There is a laundry room on each floor of the building with a total of 5 washing machines and 5 dryers. The washing machines consist of three top load machines and two front load machines. The top load machines use more water and electricity than front loading models. The elevator has a 40 HP motor and is regularly in motion during waking hours. Fireweed Place 13 Energy Audit ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Introduction The EEMs are grouped into the following prioritized categories: Behavioral or Operational: EEMs that require minimal capital investment but require operational or behavioral changes. The EEMs provide a life cycle savings but an analysis is not performed because the energy savings is difficult quantify. High Priority: These are typically EEMs that require a small capital investment and offer a higher savings to investment ratio. Also included in this category are higher cost EEMs that offer significant life cycle savings. Medium Priority: These are typically EEMs that require a significant capital investment to provide a life cycle savings. Many medium priority EEMs provide a high life cycle savings and offer substantial incentive to increase investment in building energy efficiency. Low Priority: EEMs that will save energy but do not provide a life cycle savings. Behavioral or Operational The following EEMs are recommended for implementation. They require behavioral or operational changes that can occur with minimal investment to achieve immediate savings. These EEMs are not easily quantified by economic analysis because behavioral or operation changes cannot be accurately predicted. They are recommended because there is a high likelihood they will offer a life cycle savings, represent good practice, and are accepted features of high performance buildings. EEM-1: Replace Clothes Washers with Front-loading Model Purpose: Three of the clothes washers are top-loading models that use more water and energy than front-loading models. Scope: Replace top-loading washers with front-loading models when they require replacement. Analysis: This EEM is recommended without analysis. EEM-2: Reduce HRV Supply Air Setpoint Purpose: The supply air setpoint for the heat recovery ventilators is manually set at 60°F during summer and 70°F during winter. Reducing the setpoint will shift the ventilation load from the house meter to the tenant meters. Scope: Investigate if the supply air temperature setpoint can be reduced without adversely affecting the tenant’s thermal comfort. Analysis: This EEM is recommended without analysis. Fireweed Place 14 Energy Audit High Priority The following EEMs are recommended for implementation because they are low cost measures that offer a high return on investment. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. EEM-3: Reduce HW Heater Capacity Purpose: The recovery rate of the 2nd floor hot water heater serving the laundry and spa area appears to be much higher than is needed to serve the load. Disconnecting one of the heating elements will reduce demand charges while maintaining an adequate HW supply for the fixtures. Scope: Disconnect one of three 6 kW heating elements to reduce demand charges by 6 kW per month. Analysis: The analysis assumes that a 12 kW recovery is sufficient. This EEM will reduce annual electric demand by 72 kW and energy costs by $900. The following table summarizes the life cycle cost analysis. EEM-4: Air Seal Shafts Purpose: Energy will be saved if the plumbing and duct shafts that extend through all floors of the building are sealed to preclude upward air flow into the attic due to stack effect. Scope: Seal the duct and plumbing shafts at the opening into the attic. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electricity use and energy costs by 56,000 kWh and $3,500, respectively. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($900) ($900)$500 $0 ($16,800) ($16,300)33.6 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($3,520) ($3,520)$8,900 $0 ($65,300) ($56,400)7.3 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Fireweed Place 15 Energy Audit EEM-5: Insulate Hot Water Heaters and Piping Purpose: Energy will be saved if additional insulation is added to the hot water tanks and the hot water piping is insulated. While the hot water tanks and piping provide some beneficial heat, they are located in interior spaces with little heating load. Scope: Install an insulating blanket on each hot water tank and insulate the hot water piping. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electricity use by 1,900 kWh. The energy and life cycle cost analysis is summarized in the following table. EEM-6: Combine Electric Meters Purpose: The building has a separate electric meter for the kitchen that creates an additional monthly service charge. Combining the kitchen service with the house service will eliminate the service charge. Scope: Remover the kitchen meter and feed the kitchen service from the main panel MH. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electric changes by $230. The energy and life cycle cost analysis is summarized in the following table. Medium Priority Medium priority EEMs require planning and a higher level of investment; they are recommended because they offer a life cycle savings. The EEMs are listed from highest to lowest priority. EEM-7: Replace Heat Recovery Ventilators Purpose: Energy will be saved if the heat recovery ventilators HRV-1 and HRV-2 are replaced with smaller units sized for the code ventilation requirement. Scope: Replace HRV-1 and HRV-2 with 2,000 cfm units and balance the air system for the smaller air flows. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electricity use and costs by 257,000 kWh and $24,000, respectively. The following table summarizes the life cycle cost analysis. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($180) ($180)$800 $0 ($3,300) ($2,500)4.1 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($230) ($230)$2,000 $0 ($4,200) ($2,200)2.1 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($15,290) ($15,290)$163,400 $0 ($283,600) ($120,200)1.7 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Fireweed Place 16 Energy Audit EEM-8: Upgrade Exterior Lighting Purpose: Energy will be saved if the fluorescent exterior lighting above the front entrance is upgraded to LED lighting. Scope: Replace five fluorescent T12 light fixtures with LED fixtures. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electricity use by 525 kWh and energy costs by $30. It will also decrease lamp replacement costs. The following table summarizes the life cycle cost analysis. EEM-9: Increase Attic Insulation Purpose: Energy will be saved by installing additional insulation in the attic. Scope: Add additional blown-in cellulous insulation to increase the attic R-value from R-38 to R-58. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electricity use and energy costs by 34,000 kWh and $2,140, respectively. The following table summarizes the life cycle cost analysis. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR ($60) ($30) ($90)$1,000 ($1,000) ($600) ($600)1.6 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($3,360)($3,360)$57,800 $0 ($62,400)($4,600)1.1 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Fireweed Place 17 Energy Audit Low Priority Low priority EEMs typically do not offer a life cycle energy savings and are not recommended. EEM-10: Rehabilitate Heat Recovery Ventilators Purpose: Energy will be saved if the heat recovery ventilators HRV-1 and HRV-2 are rehabilitated. The units were installed in 1994 and have an estimated remaining service life of 10 years. Energy saving opportunities includes cleaning the heat exchangers, rehabilitating the controls, and reducing the supply air temperature. Scope: Rehabilitate the HRVs by cleaning the heat recovery cells, installing return air filters, replacing the exhaust fan motors and rehabilitating the controls. The supply fan motors are also less efficient than current standards but the motor heat gain is absorbed by the supply air stream and is highly beneficial. The HRVs will be replaced in 10 years at the end of their service life. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electricity use by 68,600 kWh and energy costs by $6,400. The following table summarizes the life cycle cost analysis. This EEM is not recommended because EEM-7 to replace the HRVs has a higher savings to investment ratio. EEM-11: Upgrade Transformer Purpose: Energy will be saved if the less-efficient 225 kVA transformer in the maintenance office is replaced with an energy efficient model that comply with NEMA Standard TP 1-2001. Scope: Replace the 225 kVA transformer in the maintenance shop with a NEMA Standard TP 1-2001compiant model. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electricity use by 19,700 kWh, electric demand by 2.3 kW, and energy costs by $1,570. The following table summarizes the life cycle cost analysis. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($6,430)($6,430)$35,500 $65,900 ($119,200)($17,800)1.5 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $0 ($1,570) ($1,570)$29,386 $0 ($29,150)$236 1.0 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Fireweed Place 18 Energy Audit EEM-12: Install Air Source Heat Pump Purpose: Energy will be saved if the ventilation air is heated with an air-to-water heat pump instead of with an electric heating coil. Scope: Install two 25 MBH air source heat pumps and hydronic piping connected to the HRVs in the attic. The heat pumps will operate when outside temperature is below 65°F to heat the ventilation air. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electricity use and costs by 48,000 kWh and $4,500, respectively. The following table summarizes the life cycle cost analysis. EEM-13: Elevator Machinery Room Heat Recovery Purpose: The elevator machinery generates significant heat. This heat can be recovered and used to heat the entrance lobby. Scope: Install a cabinet fan and ductwork to circuit air from the elevator machinery room to the lobby. A thermostat will operate the fan whenever the elevator machinery room temperature is above the setpoint of 70°F. Analysis: This EEM will reduce annual electricity use by 12,300 kWh and energy costs by $1,090. The energy and life cycle cost analysis is summarized in the following table. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $960 ($4,530) ($3,570)$111,900 $16,300 ($84,000)$44,200 0.6 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR $30 ($150) ($120)$6,500 $500 ($2,700)$4,300 0.3 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Fireweed Place 19 Energy Audit Section 4 Methodology Information for the energy audit was gathered through on-site observations, review of construction documents, and interviews with operation and maintenance personnel. The EEMs are evaluated using energy and life cycle cost analyses and are priority ranked for implementation. ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES Energy efficiency measures are identified by evaluating the building energy systems and comparing them to systems in modern, high performance buildings. The process for identifying the EEMs acknowledges the realities of an existing building that was constructed when energy costs were much lower. Many of the opportunities used in modern high performance buildings—highly insulated envelopes, variable capacity mechanical systems, heat pumps, daylighting, lighting controls, etc.—simply cannot be economically incorporated into an existing building. The EEMs represent practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of the buildings, taking into account the realities of limited budgets. If a future major renovation project occurs, additional EEMs common to high performance buildings should be incorporated. LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS The EEMs are evaluated using life cycle cost analysis which determines if an energy efficiency investment will provide a savings over a 25-year life. The analysis incorporates construction, replacement, maintenance, repair, and energy costs to determine the total cost over the life of the EEM. Future maintenance and energy cash flows are discounted to present worth using escalation factors for general inflation, energy inflation, and the value of money. The methodology is based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 – Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Life cycle cost analysis is preferred to simple payback for facilities that have long—often perpetual— service lives. Simple payback, which compares construction cost and present energy cost, is reasonable for short time periods of 2-4 years, but yields below optimal results over longer periods because it does not properly account for the time value of money or inflationary effects on operating budgets. Accounting for energy inflation and the time value of money properly sums the true cost of facility ownership and seeks to minimize the life cycle cost. Construction Costs The cost estimates are derived based on a preliminary understanding of the scope of each EEM as gathered during the walk-through audit. The construction costs for in-house labor are $60 per hour for work typically performed by maintenance staff and $110 per hour for contract labor. The cost estimate assumes the work will be performed as part of a larger renovation or energy efficiency upgrade project. When implementing EEMs, the cost estimate should be revisited once the scope and preferred method of performing the work has been determined. It is possible some EEMs will not provide a life cycle savings when the scope is finalized. Fireweed Place 20 Energy Audit Maintenance Costs Maintenance costs are based on in-house or contract labor using historical maintenance efforts and industry standards. Maintenance costs over the 25-year life of each EEM are included in the life cycle cost calculation spreadsheets and represent the level of effort to maintain the systems. Energy Analysis The energy performance of an EEM is evaluated within the operating parameters of the building. A comprehensive energy audit would rely on a computer model of the building to integrate building energy systems and evaluate the energy savings of each EEM. This investment grade audit does not utilize a computer model, so energy savings are calculated with factors that account for the dynamic operation of the building. Energy savings and costs are estimated for the 25-year life of the EEM using appropriate factors for energy inflation. Prioritization Each EEM is prioritized based on the life cycle savings to investment ratio (SIR) using the following formula: Prioritization Factor = Life Cycle Savings / Capital Costs This methodology puts significant weight on the capital cost of an EEM, making lower cost EEMs more favorable. This approach meshes well with budgeting realities that favor quick implementation of low- cost measures while high cost items work through the budget process. ECONOMIC FACTORS The following economic factors are significant to the findings. Nominal Interest Rate: This is the nominal rate of return on an investment without regard to inflation. The analysis uses a rate of 5%. Inflation Rate: This is the average inflationary change in prices over time. The analysis uses an inflation rate of 2.5%. Economic Period: The analysis is based on a 25-year economic period with construction beginning in 2010. Electricity Electricity is supplied by Alaska Electric Light & Power Company (AEL&P). The house meter is billed for electricity use under AEL&P’s Rate 24, Large Commercial. This rate charges for both electrical consumption (kWh) and peak electric demand (kW). Electrical consumption is the amount of energy consumed and electric demand is the rate of consumption. AEL&P determines the electric demand by averaging demand over a continuously sliding fifteen minute window. The highest fifteen minute average during the billing period determines the peak demand. The following table lists the electric charges. Fireweed Place 21 Energy Audit AEL&P Large Commercial Rate with Demand Charge 1 On-peak (Nov-May) Off-peak (June-Oct) Energy Charge per kWh 6.11¢ 5.73¢ Demand Charge per kW $14.30 $9.11 Service Charge per month $99.24 $99.24 Electric Inflation Over recent history, electricity inflation has been less than 1% per year, lagging general inflation. An exception is a 24% rate hike in 2011 that was primarily due to construction of additional hydroelectric generation at Lake Dorothy. The Lake Dorothy project provides the community a surplus of power which should bring electric inflation back to the historic rate of 1% per year. However, load growth from electric heat conversions is likely to increase generating and distribution costs. Increasing fuel oil costs make it inevitable that electric load growth will continue. When the hydroelectric surplus is depleted, diesel supplementation and/or additional hydroelectric generation will be needed to supply the load. The combination of these two factors contributes to an assumed electricity inflation rate of 2.5%. Appendix A Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5% General Inflation 2% Energy Electricity $/kWh $/kW Inflation $/kWh (2015)$/kW (2015) w/ Demand Charges $0.061 $12.24 2.5% $0.063 $12.55 w/o Demand Charges $0.091 - 3% $0.094 - EEM-3: Reduce HW Heater Capacity Energy Analysis kW, ex kW, new kW savings -18 12 -6 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Disconnect heating element 0 1 LS $500 $500 Energy Costs Electric Demand 1 - 25 -72 kW $12.55 ($16,760) Net Present Worth ($16,300) EEM-4: Air Seal Shafts Energy Analysis Infiltration CFM T MBH kWh -700 29 -21.9 -56,288 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Air seal shafts 0 1 LS $5,000 $5,000 Estimating contingency 0 15% $750 Overhead & profit 0 30% $1,725 Design fees 0 10% $748 Project management 0 8% $658 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -56,288 kWh $0.063 ($65,297) Net Present Worth ($56,400) January 4, 2015 Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place January 4, 2015 EEM-5: Insulate HW Heaters and Piping Energy Analysis Tank Heat Loss Tanks Size, gal T, amb R.ex R,new Area, sqft Factor kWh 4 50 70 10 20 26.2 50% -336 1 119 41 10 20 44.0 100% -446 -782 Pipe Insulation Service Size Length Bare BTUH Insul BTUH Factor kWh DHW 0.50 50 21 4 50% -1,091 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs HW tank blankets 0 5 ea $100 $500 Pipe Insulation 1/2" 0 50 lnft $5 $250 Energy Costs Electric Energy (Effective Cost) 1 - 25 -1,873 kWh $0.094 ($3,257) Net Present Worth ($2,500) EEM-6: Combine Electric Meters Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs New feeders from Panel MH to Kitchen Service 0 30 lnft $50 $1,500 Service disconnect and MDP access 0 1 LS $500 $500 Energy Costs Service Charge 1 - 25 -12 mo $18.80 ($4,186) Net Present Worth ($2,200) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place January 4, 2015 EEM-7: Replace Heat Recovery Ventilators Energy Analysis Fan Case CFM P , fan BHP , motor kW Hours kWh HRV-1 Existing -8,800 2.75 50% -7.6 85.5% -7 8,760 -58,202 Optimized 4,000 2.75 50% 3.5 86.5% 3 8,760 26,150 HRV-2 Existing -8,800 2.75 50% -7.6 85.5% -7 8,760 -58,202 Optimized 4,000 2.75 50% 3.5 86.5% 3 8,760 26,150 -64,105 Heat Recovery SA CFM Tosa Tsa , hrv MBH Hours kWh HRV-1 Existing -3,500 41 62 50% -40 8,760 -101,900 Optimized 2,000 41 62 55% 20 8,760 52,406 HRV-2 Existing -3,500 41 62 50% -40 8,760 -101,900 Optimized 2,000 41 62 55% 20 8,760 52,406 -98,989 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Attic access: Cut, patch, paint 0 1 LS $5,000 $5,000 Remove HRV and connecting ductwork, electrical service 0 2 LS $2,500 $5,000 Install 2,000 cfm HRV 0 4,000 cfm $12 $48,000 Connect ductwork and electrical 0 2 LS $7,000 $14,000 Test. Adjust, and balance 0 1 LS $20,000 $20,000 Estimating contingency 0 15% $13,800 Overhead & profit 0 30% $31,740 Design fees 0 10% $13,754 Project management 0 8% $12,104 Energy Costs Electric Energy (Effective Cost) 1 - 25 -163,094 kWh $0.094 ($283,624) Net Present Worth ($120,200) EEM-8: Upgrade Exterior Lighting Energy Analysis Type # Fixtures Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Lamp Lamp, watts Fixture Watts Savings, kWh Surface 5 T12 32 64 LED - 40 -526 Lamp Replacement -526 Type # Fixtures Lamp # Lamps Life, hrs Lamps//yr $ / lamp $ / Replace Surface 5 T12 -2 12,000 -3.65 $5 $20 Surface 5 LED 1 60,000 0.37 $125 $20 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace fluorescent fixtures with LED 0 5 LS $115 $575 Estimating contingency 0 15% $86 Overhead & profit 0 30% $198 Design fees 0 10% $86 Project management 0 8% $76 Annual Costs Existing lamp replacement, T12 1 - 25 -3.65 lamps $30.00 ($1,864) LED board replacement, 40 watts 1 - 25 0.37 LED board $145.00 $901 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -526 kWh $0.063 ($610) Net Present Worth ($600) Existing Replacement Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place January 4, 2015 EEM-9: Increase Attic Insulation Energy Analysis Component Area R,exist R,new T MBH kWh Roof 13,528 32 62 30 -6.1 -53,757 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Blow-in attic insulation 0 13,528 sqft $2.50 $33,820 Baffles at walkways 0 1 LS $2,000 $2,000 Estimating contingency 0 15% $5,373 Overhead & profit 0 30% $12,358 Project management 0 8% $4,284 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -53,757 kWh $0.063 ($62,362) Net Present Worth ($4,500) EEM-10: Rehabilitate Heat Recovery Ventilators Energy Analysis Fan Case CFM P , fan BHP , motor kW Hours kWh EF-1 Existing -4,400 2.75 50% -3.8 85.5% -3 8,760 -29,101 Optimized 4,400 2.75 50% 3.8 89.5% 3 8,760 27,800 EF-2 Existing -4,400 2.75 50% -3.8 87.5% -3 8,760 -28,436 Optimized 4,400 2.75 50% 3.8 89.5% 3 8,760 27,800 -1,936 Heat Recovery SA CFM Tosa Tsa , hrv MBH Hours kWh HRV-1 Existing -4,400 41 62 45% -55 8,760 -140,914 Optimized 4,400 41 62 58% 42 8,760 107,607 HRV-2 Existing -4,400 41 62 45% -55 8,760 -140,914 Optimized 4,400 41 62 58% 42 8,760 107,607 -66,614 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Rehabilitate control system 0 2 LS $8,000 $16,000 Clean heat recovery cells 0 2 LS $750 $1,500 Install RA filters 0 2 LS $500 $1,000 Replace HRV-1 EF motor 0 1 LS $1,500 $1,500 Estimating contingency 0 15% $3,000 Overhead & profit 0 30% $6,900 Design fees 0 10% $2,990 Project management 0 8% $2,631 Annual Costs Replace HRVs 10 8,800 cfm $10 $65,855 Energy Costs Electric Energy (Effective Cost) 1 - 25 -68,550 kWh $0.094 ($119,210) Net Present Worth ($17,800) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place January 4, 2015 EEM-11: Upgrade Transformer Energy Analysis Number kVA old new KW kWh 1 225 98.0% 99.0% -2.3 -19,710 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Replace transformer, kVA 225 0 1 LS $18,200 $18,200 Estimating contingency 0 15% $2,730 Overhead & profit 0 30% $6,279 Project management 0 8% $2,177 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -19,710 kWh $0.063 ($22,865) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -27 kW $12.55 ($6,285) Net Present Worth $200 EEM-12: Install Air Source Heat Pump Energy Analysis SA CFM Tosa Tsa , hrv MBH COP Hours kWh HRV-1 Existing -2,000 41 62 62% -17 100% 8,760 -44,254 Optimized 2,000 41 62 62% 17 220% 8,760 20,115 HRV-2 Existing -2,000 41 62 62% -17 100% 8,760 -44,254 Optimized 2,000 41 62 62% 17 220% 8,760 20,115 -48,277 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install ASHP in Parking Garage 0 2 LS $8,500 $17,000 Electrical to ASHP and Heating Pump 0 3 LS $4,000 $12,000 ASHP piping header 0 1 ea $1,000 $1,000 Heating Pump 0 1 ea $1,500 $1,500 Shaft: Remove exhaust duct, repair shaft walls after demo/new 0 1 ea $10,000 $10,000 Hydronic piping to attic 0 200 lnft $85 $17,000 Connect piping to HRV 0 2 LS $1,000 $2,000 Commissioning 0 1 LS $2,500 $2,500 Estimating contingency 0 15% $9,450 Overhead & profit 0 30% $21,735 Design fees 0 10% $9,419 Project management 0 8% $8,288 Annual Costs Maintain ASHP 1 - 25 16 hrs $60.00 $16,346 Energy Costs Electric Energy (Effective Cost) 1 - 25 -48,277 kWh $0.094 ($83,955) Net Present Worth $44,300 Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place January 4, 2015 EEM-13: Install Elevator Room Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Heat Recovery Elevator HP Use kW Hours Loss, kWh Factor Recovery, kWh 40 10% 3 8,760 -2,614 90% -2,353 Fan Energy HP , motor Hours kW kWh 0.25 70% 2,920 0.3 778 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs 300 cfm cabinet fan 0 1 LS $1,000 $1,000 Ductwork 0 1 LS $1,500 $1,500 Cut, patch, repair 0 1 LS $750 $750 Electrical with Thermostat 0 1 LS $750 $750 Estimating contingency 0 5% $200 Overhead & profit 0 30% $1,260 Design fees 0 10% $546 Project management 0 8% $480 Annual Costs Fan maintenance 1 - 25 0.5 hrs $60.00 $511 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -1,575 kWh $0.094 ($2,738) Net Present Worth $4,300 Appendix B Utility Data Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Billing Data 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place - Master Meter ELECTRIC RATE Electricity ($ / kWh ) 0.0611 0.0573 Demand ( $ / kW ) 14.30 9.11 Customer Charge ( $ / mo ) 99.24 99.24 Sales Tax ( % ) 0.0% 0.0% ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW kWh kW Jan 59,200 109 45,120 91 51,280 100 54,000 108 52,400 Feb 53,280 116 50,800 121 52,080 108 42,240 88 49,600 Mar 55,200 119 39,920 98 49,760 102 48,293 116 48,293 Apr 56,720 98 34,560 86 46,080 94 48,960 98 46,580 May 41,840 91 24,160 57 41,120 82 34,960 77 35,520 Jun 23,360 52 26,320 60 34,960 74 27,840 60 28,120 Jul 22,320 50 27,600 54 25,440 57 25,200 58 25,140 Aug 22,880 46 27,200 55 25,360 52 21,600 54 24,260 Sep 22,320 50 27,520 55 26,400 55 21,200 54 24,360 Oct 24,240 59 28,400 58 25,120 58 22,240 58 25,000 Nov 26,720 74 32,720 77 34,080 73 28,173 75 93,520 Dec 47,360 106 43,760 96 50,000 105 44,040 102 141,120 Total 455,440 408,080 461,680 418,747 435,987 Average 37,953 81 34,007 76 38,473 80 34,896 79 36,332 Load Factor 64.2% 61.5% 65.9% 60.5% 79 ELECTRIC BILLING DETAILS Month Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total Energy Demand Cust & Tax Total % Change Jan 3,133 1,430 99 4,662 3,299 1,544 99 4,943 6.0% Feb 3,182 1,544 99 4,826 2,581 1,258 99 3,939 -18.4% Mar 3,040 1,453 99 4,592 2,951 1,659 99 4,709 2.5% Apr 2,815 1,350 99 4,265 2,991 1,407 99 4,498 5.5% May 2,512 1,167 99 3,779 2,136 1,098 99 3,334 -11.8% Jun 2,136 670 99 2,906 1,701 547 99 2,347 -19.2% Jul 1,554 517 99 2,171 1,540 525 99 2,164 -0.3% Aug 1,549 474 99 2,122 1,320 496 99 1,915 -9.8% Sep 1,613 503 99 2,215 1,295 488 99 1,883 -15.0% Oct 1,535 532 99 2,166 1,359 532 99 1,990 -8.1% Nov 2,082 1,041 99 3,223 1,721 680 99 2,501 -22.4% Dec 3,055 1,499 99 4,653 2,691 933 99 3,723 -20.0% Total $ 28,209 $ 12,180 $ 1,191 $ 41,580 $ 25,585 $ 11,167 $ 1,191 $ 37,944 -8.7% Average $ 2,351 $ 1,015 $ 99 $ 3,465 $ 2,132 $ 931 $ 99 $ 3,162 -8.7% Cost ($/kWh) $0.090 67% 29% 3% $0.091 0.6% Electrical costs are based on the current electric rates. January 4, 2015 2013 2014 2014 AEL&P Electric Rate 24 On-Peak Nov-May Off-peak Jun-Oct Month 2011 2012 2013 Average Page 1 Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Electric Consumption 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place - Master Meter January 4, 2015 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use History 2011 2012 2013 2014 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Demand (kW)Month of the Year Electric Demand History 2011 2012 2013 2014 Page 2 Alaska Energy Engi neering LLC Electric Cost 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place - Master Meter 2014 January 4, 2015 $ 0 $ 1,000 $ 2,000 $ 3,000 $ 4,000 $ 5,000 $ 6,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecElectric Cost (USD)Month of the Year Electric Cost Breakdown Electric Use (kWh) Costs Electric Demand (kW) Costs Customer Charge and Taxes 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric Demand (kW)Electric Use (kWh)Month of the Year Electric Use and Demand Comparison Electric Use Electric Demand Page 3 Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Annual Energy D ata 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907-789-1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Fireweed Place Energy Cost $/MMBtu Area, sqft Electricity $0.090 $26.40 14,020 Includes just the common areas Source Cost EUI Electricity 435,987 kWh $39,270 106 Annual Energy Consumption and Cost Consumption Energy, MMBtu 1,490 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 5 Juneau – Marquam George Fireweed Place Enclosure Report 4 November 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority P.O. Box 32237 Juneau, AK 99803 Project: Assess Fireweed Place building enclosure to identify potential measures to reduce energy costs of the building. Building Description: Fireweed Place is a five story senior housing apartment complex in downtown Juneau. 65 Residential units are located on the 2-5th floors with 16 two bedroom units, 24 one bedroom units, and 25 studio apartments. The building is calculated at 55,907 square feet of heated floor area, 51.705 square feet of above grade surface area, and a conditioned building volume of 499,567 cubic feet. At ground level there are two entries, from the front and Willoughby Avenue, and from the rear parking garage. At ground level is the building managers office, along with storage and maintenance spaces, additionally there is elevator access and an open stairway to the second floor. There are six exterior doors on the second floor, three provide access to exterior patios with three serving as emergency exits. The second story combines multi-use building spaces with 13 apartments. Multi-use spaces include a commercial kitchen that is no longer in use, a dining area used for occasional activities and in the front is a sitting parlor. The third, fourth, and fifth floors have no exterior doors, the space primarily apartments with minimal group sitting and service spaces. Building Airtightness Testing: With coordinated support from THRHA field and Fireweed Place personnel on October 22, 2014 blower door testing was undertaken on the Fireweed Place apartment building. It was known from pretest planning that due to the building configuration and tenant needs numerous constraints would be in place resulting in test procedures that would not comply with normal test protocols for air leakage testing. Two major test obstacles imposed by the building and tenant needs was not being able to temporally prop open tenant doors during testing and that the location of the blower doors was limited to the first and second floors. The above two constraints leave many of the building pressure test measurements taken with low confidence. Other significant challenges included lack of control with the coming and going through the exterior doors, windows remaining closed, and operating kitchen exhaust fans during testing. Cooperatively in working with the occupants needs the testing method attempted was to restrict building entry access to every other half hour on the hour. Unfortunately this was not always successful but the best measurements the building offered were recorded. Weather conditions during testing; light rain, wind 5-10 mph, temperatures Four Minneapolis Model 3 Blower Door systems were computer connected for depressurization testing. Three fans were installed in the 2nd floor patio doors and one fan placed in the 1 st floor door to the parking garage. Interior common area doors and all fire doors in the two rear stairways were propped open. An exterior walk around the building identified any open windows which were then closed. The two HRVs were powered off and the intake and exhaust openings were temporarily sealed along with sealing the elevator shaft and commercial kitchen exhaust vents. Fireweed Place Airtightness Test Results: Building data was collected using Energy Conservatory Teclog software, this program provides control for data acquisition and multi-fan testing. Airflow at -50 Pascals 18539 CFM50 (+/- 4.6%) 2.23 ACH50 0.3316 CFM50/ft² heated floor area 0.3585 CFM50/ft² above grade surface area Leakage Areas: EqLA (10 Pa) 1948.3 sq. in. ELA (4 Pa) 1048.0 sq. in. Building Leakage Curve: Exponent (n) 0.639 Correlation coefficient 0.99363 Infiltration Estimates: Estimated average annual infiltration rate; 1598.6 CFM 0.19 ACH 19.5 CFM per person (using bedrooms) Estimated Design Infiltration Rate: Winter: 1921.4 CFM 0.23 ACH Summer: 928.5 CFM 0.11 ACH Pressure measurements were taken from the first floor to each of the upper stories as the four blower doors depressurized the building to -50 Pascals. The pressure differential measured between the first floor to the fifth floor was 3.2 Pascals. With this measurement it appeared that all floors were experiencing similar building envelope pressure differentials. At the time of testing the neutral pressure plane of the building was identified between the third and fourth floor. During the pretest planning there was expressed interest for improving thermal comfort to users and occupants of the second floor. Other than the ground floor this is the only floor with a concrete slab rather than a wood-framed floor platform. The building appears constructed according to the construction drawings. Good building design would align the thermal boundary with the air barrier of the structure. In Fireweed Place, the drawings would indicate that the T-bar ceiling is the air barrier as the fiberglass insulation in laid directly on top of the T-bar ceiling, nearly two feet below the concrete slab creating a conditioned dead air space. Temperature measurements were taken on the top and bottom concrete slab surfaces, the T-bar ceiling tile, and ambient air conditions in the parking garage. Ambient indoors: 68° Top of concrete slab: 65° Underside of concrete slab: 60° T-bar ceiling tile: 58° Ambient outdoors: 47° With the building depressurized to -50 Pascals a zonal pressure test was established between the building and the space above the T-bar ceiling. The space above the T-bar ceiling measured completely outside the building pressure boundary and the T-bar ceiling is likely not an effective air barrier protecting the batt insulation from wind washing effects. In blower door testing the building from the 2nd floor to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th floors other than concealed chase ways and the elevator shaft the only open access is through the two rear stairways. The length of tubing necessary to reach from the 2 nd to the 5th floor was well over 200 feet, with good practice keeping pressure hoses to less than 100 feet. To test building zonal pressures, pressure hoses were run from the main corridor of the 5 th floor to connected interior and exterior zones. Pressure measurements attempted from the 5 th floor included; to the interior of the elevator shaft, into the attic space, from the attic to the outdoors and from the 5th floor to the outdoors. Based on the measurements recorded, the location of the blower doors, and the building configuration, the 5 th floor responded more as an outdoor space rather than one connected to the lower floors. The measurements taken provided little confidence on how the connected spaces interact within the building and to the outdoors. Initially the testing plan was to place three blower doors in a single door on the 1 st floor. Reconsidering the building size and configuration the testing plan was modified to install four blower doors spread out as far part as possible attempting to reach the -50 Pa depressurization target. Because of the measurements recorded from the 5 th floor to attached interior and exterior zones, a better approach testing Fireweed Place would be placing two blower doors on floors 3, 4, & 5 using windows in lieu of exterior doors. Using windows would pose unique challenges also, as the blower door fans are wider than the open width of the casement windows. If blower doors were installed on upper floors many measurements would be of limited value without the ability to temporarily open all interior doors. Though depressurization testing did not induce a uniform pressure across all sides of the building, Fireweed Place still moves a tremendous amount of air as easily felt when inside the attic with the attic access hatch open. Building Enclosure Recommendations: The plumbing, mechanical venting, and electrical service penetrations into the attic show no attempt at air sealing efforts other than placing fiberglass insulation over the openings. The mechanical drawing attic plan indicates 14 plumbing chases into the attic. These plumbing chases vary in size, one was measured at 44 inches by 12 inches. Each HRV has a chase below the supply and return trunk ducts, these chase openings are 6 feet by 2 feet with nearly 4 square feet available of air sealing opportunities per chase. Every attic mechanical penetration was not found or inspected, but estimating the surface area of the holes from the ducting, plumbing, and electrical penetrations inspected into the attic would be dozens of square feet of air leakage paths. From the extent of service penetrations into the attic, the existing insulation shows significant areas that is compressed or not properly fit into the ceiling joists. After air sealing has been undertaken, existing insulation refitted, blowing 6-12 inches of cellulose should be part of the attic improvement plan. Currently, the majority of the attic is insulated with R-38 batt. I do not understand how the vent from the elevator shaft interacts within the shaft and the building. The elevator shaft duct is approximately 3 ft. by 2 ft. and when inspected from the roof appears to be without a damper. In pressure testing the building for the neutral pressure plane the elevator doors were used at each floor. When tested, under normal building operations the elevator shaft did not stay entirely negative or positive to the main body of the building but as noted previously negative on the three lower floors and positive on the upper two floors relative to the interior common space. The elevator shaft has a gypsum board ceiling about four feet above the 5 th floor ceiling plane. The installed ceiling insulation of the elevator shaft is R-19. Speaking with Jim Rehfeldt about the elevator duct he shared code info that an opening is required for smoke, but it could have a damper if it would automatically open upon a fire alarm. Increasing elevator ceiling insulation and damper control of the duct is recommended. From visual inspections above the T-bar ceiling and inside the attic the building appears to be insulated according to the architectural drawings. If this is the case I believe the 2 nd floor concrete slab has less than 20% perimeter edge insulation in place. Construction photographs from 1994 and 2014 show no slab edge insulation and the architectural drawings show slab edge insulation only at the cornices. From the comments received from building users there is noticeable decreased thermal comfort from the concrete slab of the 2nd floor compared to the wood framed floors of the upper stories. With the assumption of cornice-only perimeter slab edge insulation, and that the under slab insulation is not in contact with the slab but the T-bar ceiling. I believe presently the most meaningful insulation in place for thermal comfort of the slab is the carpet and pad. Recommendation is to align the thermal boundary with the underside of the concrete slab with closed cell foam. As the commercial kitchen is no longer being used building personnel have already sealed the make up air intake with plastic sheathing and placed closed cell rigid foam board at the that sealing at the roof vent should also be included in air sealing activities. I overheard a conversation in the building regarding installing an arctic entry vestibule at the Willoughby Avenue entrance. This is a great idea. The building uses supplemental electric space heat at the front door to help with tenant comfort as they wait to leave the building. When measuring baseline pressures on the 1st floor under normal building conditions when the front door is opened the building pressure changes dramatically much as a wind gust effect acts on a structure. Fireweed Place is a beautiful building. It is obvious that both the building staff and the tenants take pride in the building upkeep and appearance. All of the interior surfaces appear in excellent condition. The building does not have suspect odors, this building has good indoor air quality and that was a common theme voiced often by building staff and tenants. As often confronted with ventilation systems I also heard from a couple of tenants that at times they block off some of their unit diffusers complaining of comfort issues with too cool air temperature delivery. Building management have replaced most of the exterior lighting with LEDs. The interior lighting is largely 34 watt T-12 fluorescent. Corridors are lit 24 hours a day, each floors corridor have around 100 T-12 bulbs, with about 50% of the bulbs already removed for energy savings. Additionally, above each tenant door is a 26 watt CFL recessed light fixture. When preparing the building for air leakage testing there were a few windows tenants requested assistance to close and latch their windows. These windows were very difficult to latch as they have likely been damaged by wind or experienced hardware corrosion over time. By far for reducing energy costs through the building enclosure of Fireweed Place is air sealing the conditioned space from the attic and addressing the concrete slab. Cornice Detail Exposed slab edge @ 2014 repairs 2nd floor under slab insulation Slab edge insulation @ cornice No slab edge insulation shown @ canopy Exposed slab edge @ 1994 construction Exterior wall open during 2014 repairs, Plumbing chase attic west wing Fiberglass insulation covering opposite chase Duct chase below each HRV from attic Plumbing penetration into attic Attic penetrations & insulation Elevator shaft duct Exhaust hood sealed in kitchen Elevator exhaust @left, kitchen exhaust @ right Cornice @ concrete slab Electrical penetration Corridor lighting above drop ceiling 1st floor Willoughby Ave entry Ductwork entering mechanical chase from residential unit closet T-bar ceiling zonal diagnostic Corridor lighting North Second floor blower door locations First floor blower door S EAST S WEST NORTH PARKING 25718 S EAST 38005 S WEST 30566 NORTH 11665 PARKING 38340 INTERNAL Pressure Flow Pressure Flow Pressure Flow Pressure Flow Pressure Pressure Teclog 3 envelope pressure-fan flows Fireweed Place 10.22.14 Multi-fan automated blower door testing 2nd floor north blower door; gauge 30566 2nd floor SE blower door; gauge 25718 2nd floor SW blower door; gauge 38005 1st floor parking blower door; gauge 11665 Temporary sealing of vent hoods & intakes Fireweed Place; front & south Fireweed Place; rear & north WRT Pascals -38.8 0.7 -38.8 -4.3 -52.6 2.1 -17.6 Under Tenant Door -14.1 1.5 -15 1.3 2.1 2.4 3.2 Kitchen exhaust fan over range 71 cfm HRV kitchen exhaust 32 cfm HRV bath exhaust 25 cfm HRV living room supply 19 cfm HRV bedroom supply 16 cfm Kitchen; 8 - 4ft T-12 34W Dining; 5- 53W incandescent Living; 2-26W cfl Hall; 2-26W cfl Bath; 6-3ft T-12 30W Bath; 1- incandescent heat lamp, no wattage listed Bedroom; 4-53W incandescent Zone Zone 5th floor Elevator Shaft Fireweed Place 10.22.14 Zonal Diagnostics w/ Building Depressurized -50 Pa 1st floor common Parking T-bar Ceiling Parking T-bar Ceiling Outdoors 5th floor Outdoors Attic Outdoors Attic Elevator Shaft 5th Floor Hall Under Tenant Door 1st floor 2nd floor 1st floor 3rd floor 3nd Floor Hall Under Tenant Door 2nd Floor Hall Under Tenant Door 4th Floor Hall 1st floor 5th floor Unit 416; 1 bedroom was used for lighting inventory and fan flows 1st floor 4th floor Building in Normal Operating Conditions Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 6 Juneau – Glacier Village and Kanat’a Dey’I Assessment Notes Marquam George LLC Memo To: CC: From: Date: Re: All units inspected should be considering future lighting upgrades. Village 2/3 units it was commonly found that kitchen and laundry rooms have T-12 fixtures, CFL bulbs in bedrooms and hallway, with the bathroom vanity light bar having incandescent bulbs. Exterior lighting was an equal blend of CFL and incandescent bulbs. A few LEDs were noted, but very uncommon. No attic hatches inspected meet the Alaska weatherization standards for access dams. All units need -38 batt in the hatch build-up, while GV 2 & 3 would have 3 inches of XPS attached to the gypsum board lid. All attic hatches would benefit from improved gasket materials for air sealing. stem wall, no foundation vents were found closed at time of inspection. 4060-4064 Granite 4060- is missing about 40 sq. ft. of ceiling insulation; it has been displaced over time and is roughly 10 feet away from its intended location. Insulation is missing from inside the attic hatch. Boiler was operating at time of inspection, plus the occupants were running multiple electric resistance heaters, thermostat on wall was 78°F 4064- smoke detectors chirping. ems were operating. If these fans are not used, both units ceiling bath fans were not meeting minimum intermittent flows. 4443- 4443- HRV is being used, ventilator needs cleaning both inside the machine and at exterior hoods. No CO alarm was present; attic ventilation is every truss bay with sagging cardboard baffles. 4445- HRV is not being used in this unit. Kitchen cabinets are heading towards repairs or replacement. Bathroom ceiling fans in both units flows were too low for a flow box measurement, ceiling fan needs cleaning at a minimum. This lot would benefit from improved site drainage, extending gutter downspout piping further away from the building. 4043-4039 Granite Both of these units have vaulted ceilings above the living/kitchen areas of the first floor. These vaulted attics could not be inspected as they each had exterior doors for attic hatches with locks not able to be opened by the GV 2 master key. 4039-The supply-side whole house fan needs to be replaced; it transmits a horrendous whine when operating. The exhaust-side fan should be inspected as it has a harmonic vibration when turned on. Without the whole house ventilation system operating, both bath fans need to be replaced as they measured below minimum intermittent flows required. 4043-Whole-house ventilation is operational and being used. 4530- Both units HRVs were plugged in and running at inspection. Each of the interiors of the HRVs are in desperate need of cleaning. 4530- Indirect storage tank is placed directly on a concrete slab. Attic hatch in mechanical room needs repair, and the hatch insulated. Bathroom fans should be replaced. 4532- Bathroom fans should be replaced 4481- Neither unit is operating the HRV. The supply intake hoods on both units are completely blocked. The interior relative humidity was very high in 4483 at inspection, upon leaving I turned the HRV on and showed an occupant how the controls operated the unit. 4483 has a very new Fantech SHR 1504 model. 4481-Unit has a steel access panel covering the attic hatch. Typically in these installations a plywood box has been air sealed and insulated above the steel access panel, this plywood hatch has been removed and repairs are necessary on this hatch. Because of the missing hatch parts, significant air leakage is occurring at the steel access panel. A couple fiberglass batts have fallen from the crawlspace joists and need to be reinstalled. 4483-Rear yard is very wet, improve drainage and extend downspouts. If HRV does not continue to be operated, bathroom exhaust fans should be replaced. 8414-8416-8418-8420 Valley Blvd. All units had their whole-house inline fan ventilation fans operating. This is also a very wet lot, and the only crawlspace of the 14 inspected units that showed signs of water intrusion into the crawlspaces. In addition to the improvement options selected within the AkWarm files, further recommendations include: The area of the GV multi-family subdivision exhibits a very high water table with the multi-family units I believe installing a ground source heat pump would be a good investment. All units assessed would benefit from air sealing as long as the ventilation systems are functioning and being used. THRHA should assume a diligent maintenance schedule with rental properties; cleaning and maintaining ventilation systems, opening and closing of foundation passive vents, cleaning gutters and reconnecting downspouts to rapidly remove surface water away from the building. Increasing attic insulation to a minimum R-49 Foundations that are passively vented to the outdoors should consider installing a minimum of R- 10 rigid insulation below the floor joists. Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 7 Kake – Senior Center AEE Energy Assessment to: Craig Moore, THRHA subject: Energy Assessment project: Kake Senior Center INTRODUCTION This memorandum presents the findings of an energy assessment of the Kake Senior Center owned by Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority. The site was visited by Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. of Alaska Energy Engineering LLC on June 2, 2015. The purpose of the trip was: To review and observe the operation of the heating and ventilation systems and controls. Develop an energy monitoring plan for the building systems Construction was occurring during the site visit. The contractor is completing the 1st phase which added an addition to the building. The addition included a dining room and commercial kitchen, lobby, offices, conference room, and heating and ventilation systems. HEATING SYSTEM Background The building will be heated by a wood pellet boiler and two propane boilers. The current plan is to operate the wood pellet boiler during the heating season and the propane boilers during warmer weather. A primary/secondary pumping system distributes heating water to the building. Assessment Boilers The total capacity of the heating plant is 901 MBH, which comes to 55 Btuh/sqft. Taking into account a reasonable level of redundancy, this capacity is very high for this well-insulated residential apartment building. It is likely that the domestic hot water load contributed to the heating system sizing. Actual hot water consumption data for senior housing has shown much lower use than what is predicted by design standards. A heating plant consisting of one wood boiler and one propane boiler would be less complex while providing sufficient redundancy. The wood boiler has a 3-way valve for boiler protection that automatically protects the boiler from low temperature return water. The valve has no visual indication of its position which makes it harder for operators to verify that it is operating properly. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 2 The propane boiler is a highly efficient condensing model. The opportunity to utilize the boiler in condensing mode is greatly diminished because the heating system is designed for higher temperatures outside of the condensing range. Condensing operation may be possible during the summer months if the heating units can deliver sufficient heat at condensing temperatures. However, the boilers will need to operate at higher temperatures to heat hot water. Boiler (Primary) Pumps The wood boiler has a constant speed pump and the propane boilers have variable speed pumps that can modulate with the heating load. Building (Secondary) Pumps The building pumps consist of two variable speed pumps operating in a lead/standby configuration. Controls The boilers and boiler pumps will be controlled by the respective integral boiler controllers. The wood boiler has a controller that provides a setpoint for the heating storage tank, a maximum temperature setpoint that shuts off the fuel flow and a minimum setpoint that restarts the firing process. The control sequences do not specify these values but they have been set at 180°F heating tank setpoint, 190°F boiler off setpoint, and 150°F boiler on setpoint. The propane boilers have a master controller on boiler B-1 and a slave controller on boiler B-2. The master panel operates the boilers in a lead/lag configuration to maintain a heating setpoint that is reset with outside temperature. The settings for these boilers are not in the control sequences. The challenge for the boiler controls is to allow the wood boiler to operate as the lead boiler without turning on the propane boilers unless the wood boiler is not supplying sufficient heat. The settings will need to be developed in recognition that the wood boiler responds slowly to load variations while propane boilers can respond quickly. Another challenge is to maximize condensing operation while increasing the temperature to generate hot water whenever there is hot water flow. The controls will also need to accommodate easily making the propane boilers the lead during the summer months. Recommendation The following are recommended: The designers should provide complete control sequences for the heating plant that covers lead/lag/standby operation of the three boilers during the heating and summer seasons. The sequence should address summer operation when the wood boiler is anticipated to be turned off. The sequences should maximum propane boiler condensing operation during summer months while also meeting the domestic hot water load. The boiler pump controls for the propane boilers should be set to vary the pump flow rate with boiler modulation. Commission the system during both the summer and heating seasons to assure stable operation under varying loads. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 3 DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM Background Building Hot Water System: Consists of a heat exchanger with a corresponding hot water pump and two indirect hot water heaters. Whenever hot water flow occurs, the hot water pump produces flow through the heat exchanger to preheat the water before it flows to the hot water heaters where it is further heated—if needed—and stored. A thermostatic mixing valve provides anti- scaled protection. Kitchen and Laundry Room Hot Water Systems: Each area has a separate instantaneous propane water heater with thermostatic mixing valve. Assessment The building hot water heating equipment has a total capacity of 1,000 MBH, which exceeds the heating plant size and is much higher than actual hot water loads, especially when the storage volume is considered. An opportunity exists to reduce the hot water load and simplify the system by bypassing the heat exchanger. This will also increase condensing operation of the propane boilers in the summer since domestic hot water heating will then only occur when the tank temperature drops, rather than every time someone uses hot water. Recommendation The following are recommended: Evaluate the need for the hot water heat exchanger Commission the system HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATORS HRV-1 AND HRV-2 Background Heat recovery ventilators HRV-1 and HRV-2 supply the addition and the residential wing, respectively. The units contain a supply fan, an exhaust fan, two heat recovery cells, and a control damper. While the exhaust air transfers and stores heat in one of the cells, the other cell transfers stored heat to the supply air. The system switches the air flow regularly to transfer heat to/from the cells. The units have integral controllers to operate the fans and air flow damper. Each unit also has a separate supply air heating coil. A control valve modulates water flow through the heating coil to maintain the supply air temperature reset. The system was not operating during the site visit. Assessment Issues Each HRV has two ducts to supply and exhaust air from/to the outdoors. A duct from each unit is connected together at the louver. For the units to operate properly, each connected duct pair must supply and exhaust air concurrently. This is likely to not be possible since they will switch supply and exhaust flows to maintain optimal efficiency. The HRV-1 system is sized for 1,000 cfm. This rate will over-ventilate except during the few hours each week the dining room is fully occupied. The controller may be able to adjust the fan speed to reduce the air flow to a more appropriate level for normal building operations. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 4 The control sequences do not specify all of the operating parameters for optimal operation of the units. Recommendation The following are recommended: The designers must determine if the two units can synchronize their operation so each duct pair is supplying or exhausting concurrently. The designers should develop optimal control sequences for the units, including appropriate air flow for normal building operation. A bypass timer should be installed in the Dining Room so the HRV-1 system can be manually turned on for events outside of normal operating hours. Commission the system REFRIGERATION HEAT RECOVERY Background The dry storage room has a reach-in refrigerator and freezer. Issue The refrigeration units will reject considerable heat to the room, which has little heat loss and no ventilation. Recommendation Install an air recirculation system to transfer the heat to the Dining Room. The system will consist of a ceiling exhaust fan, duct, and grille to transfer the warm air from the dry storage room to the dining room. Undercut the storage room door to allow air to flow back into the room. The dining room has large windows and will have considerable heat loss most of the year. During periods when the Dining Room is too warm, the windows can be opened to remove the heat. A lifecycle cost analysis determined the following: PROPOSED MONITORING PLAN Background A building monitoring system can provide operational, energy tracking and research benefits to the Owner. The benefits of each are as follows: Operational: The monitoring system provides essential information for determining that the systems are operating properly including pump status, fan status, heating system temperature, ventilation system temperature, domestic hot water temperature, and room temperature. Energy: The monitoring system can provide data on energy use such as building electric demand, heating system energy use, domestic hot water energy use, and energy use of special areas or systems such as kitchens and lighting. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR EEM-1: Refrigeration Room Heat Recovery $0 ($305) ($305)$1,950 $0 ($8,697) ($6,747)4.5 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Energy Efficiency Measure Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 5 Research: The monitoring system provides information useful to future design efforts such as peak heating load, heating system efficiency, domestic hot water load, indoor air quality, and occupancy. Proposed Building Monitoring System A proposed building monitoring system and cost estimate is provided in the table at the end of this report. The table lists the data points that would be monitored. All of the monitoring equipment would be located in the mechanical rooms or electrical panels. The costs are identified for a basic operations monitoring system, options for a more comprehensive monitoring system, and for adding a capability to monitor energy data. The monitoring system will collect data and transmit it via the building’s internet provider or over the cellular internet. Using the cellular internet will require a $10 monthly charge, which can be avoided by using the building’s internet service. The monitoring system uses wireless sensors that transmit the data to the manufacturer’s cloud storage service. The cost for this service is $3-$5 per year per sensor. The collected data can be stored on THRHA’s own Monitoring Website, which will cost $500 to set up and the monthly fees to the web host provider of $9 per month. If only 3-4 building are monitored by THRHA, there is also an option to share a website setup by the data monitoring consultant for no charge. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 6 Basic Option Fixed Cost Travel, per diem, equipment Fixed costs $4,163 Unit Costs General Outdoor temperature Outdoor temperature reference $30 Building electric load, kW Total energy use $1,897 Heating System Propane boiler B-1 enable Boiler status $364 Propane boiler B-2 enable Boiler status $364 Pellet boiler B-3 enable Boiler status $364 Propane boiler B-1 supply temp Boiler status $364 Propane boiler B-2 supply temp Boiler status $364 Pellet boiler B-3 supply temp Boiler status $364 Boiler pump BP-1 enable Boiler pump status $364 Boiler pump HP-2 enable Boiler pump status $364 Boiler pump HP-3 enable Boiler pump status $364 Building pump HWP-1 enable Building pump status $364 Building pump HWP-1 enable Building pump status $364 Building heating supply temperature Confirms heat to building $282 Building heating return temperature Confirms heat to building $282 Building heating supply flow Determine building heating load $1,345 Building Domestic Hot Water System Heat exchanger outlet temperature Heat exchanger status $282 Hot water heater DHW-1 temp Hot water heater status $282 Hot water heater DHW-4 temp Hot water heater status $282 Building hot water supply temp Confirms hot water availability $282 Building hot water flow rate Measures hot water demand $1,114 Cold water makeup temperature Determine hot water load $282 Kitchen Domestic Hot Water System Hot water heater DWH-2 supply temp Confirms hot water availability $282 Kitchen hot water flow rate Measures hot water demand $837 Laundry Domestic Hot Water System Hot water heater DWH-2 supply temp Confirms hot water availability $282 Kitchen hot water flow rate Measures hot water demand $837 Heat Recovery Unit HRU-1 Supply fan enable Fan status $364 Exhaust fan enable Fan status $364 Supply air temperature Confirm supply air temperature $302 Heat Recovery Unit HRU-2 Supply fan enable Fan status $364 Exhaust fan enable Fan status $364 Supply air temperature Confirm supply air temperature $302 Makeup Fan MUA-1 Supply fan enable Fan status $364 Supply air temperature Confirm supply air temperature $302 Totals $8,515 $4,100 $6,876 Proposed Kake Senior Center Monitoring System Item Intent Operational Energy Use Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 7 COST SUMMARY The following table summarizes the recommendations and their costs. Cost estimates are appended to this memo. Recommendations Item Cost Estimate Refrigeration Heat Recovery $2,000 Install cooling fan Monitoring System Install a basic monitoring system $ 8,500 Add enhanced monitoring $ 4,100 Add energy use data $ 6,900 Total $ 19,500 by: Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Kake Senior Center Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5% General Inflation 2% Energy Pellets $/ton (2015) Inflation $/ton (2016) $400.00 4.0% $416.00 Electricity $/kWh (2015)Inflation $/kWh (2016) $0.650 2.5% $0.666 EEM-1: Refrigeration Room Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Wood Pellets Watts Hours Factor kBtu boiler tons -1,093 8,760 70% -22,873 72% -2.0 Electricity Watts dT CFM BHP kW Hours kWh -1,093 10 345 0.13 0.09 8,760 817 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Ceiling exhaust fan, duct, and grille in dining room 0 1 LS $1,200 $1,200 Undercut door 0 1 LS $150 $150 Electrical power with thermostat 0 1 ea $600 $600 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 817 kWh $0.666 $10,098 Pellets 1 - 25 -2.0 tons $416.00 ($18,794) Net Present Worth ($6,747) June 19, 2015 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 8 Kake – Lime Solar Feasibility Report Kake Senior Center Kake, Alaska 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@limesolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net Table of Contents 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 2. Table of Contents 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 15. Material Breakdown Quotation 17. Financial Payback 32. Financial Payback Analysis: PV 2 Scope of Project 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 3 The following report is a feasibility study for three separate options to integrate a solar PV array at the Kake Senior Center. This report includes a cost-benefit analysis for each design option below, it also includes an energy comparison analysis for each option, the relative cost for each option and finally an executive summary with the final engineering recommendations and conclusions of each system. Option 1: The implementation of a Solar PV system to power a percentage of the common house meter with no battery storage. This system will utilize grid tie inverters, solar arrays, and monitoring equipment. It will only operate when the utility is energized, excess power will not be purchased or credited by the utility company. This system is only acceptable if the utility allows the system to be interconnected. Option 2: The implementation of a Solar PV system to power a percentage of the common house meter with a battery storage system. This system will use the batteries as a buffer, so that the energy produced from solar will provide power to the load, then any excess energy will also be used to charge the batteries. This system has the benefit that it can provide emergency power during brownouts or blackouts. Option 3: The implementation of a Solar PV system to provide a percentage of the domestic hot water in combination with an air- to-water heat pump, for non-heating and shoulder-season months. This system allows for an additional heat source as a load, that is offset by the energy from the Solar PV. The added expense of this system is contrasted with the value of having the energy provided from the solar electric to be used for heating purposes. Option 1: Cost Breakdown 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 4 Material Cost of the System: $46,715.79 Installation and Services Cost of the System: $15,000.00 Total System Cost: $61,715.79 Federal Tax Credits: 30% $18,514.74 Net Cost of the System: $43,201.05 Average Utility Cost: $0.57/KWH Material Warranty: 25 Years Installation Warranty: 2 Years Monitoring: Yes Materials Replacement Cost: $0 in 25 year Period Maintenance Cost: $0 in 25 year Period Material Breakdown Quotation 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 5 Services Breakdown Quotation 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 6 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 7 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 8 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 9 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 10 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 11 USAGE SOLAR IRRADIANCE PRODUCTION %OFFSET January 6,160 1.10 328.43 5% February 6,560 1.55 418.00 6% March 5,960 2.80 836.01 14% April 6,040 4.08 1,178.89 20% May 5,680 5.18 1,546.62 27% June 5,400 5.25 1,516.95 28% July 5,520 4.84 1,445.10 26% August 5,440 4.88 1,457.04 27% September 5,280 3.45 996.85 19% October 5,360 1.83 546.39 10% November 5,560 1.04 300.50 5% December 5,920 0.75 223.93 4% Total 68,880 3.06 10,795 First Year Energy Offset Table Usage is measured in KWH/month from Addendum 1 Solar Irradiance is Measured from PV WATTs from NREL Site for Kake, AK it is measured in kWh / m2 / day * Production is measured in KWH/month with system losses factored in Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 12 Option 1: Summary 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 13 Option 1: This option is by far the most inexpensive and least maintenance. It also serves as the best option to offer the quickest rate of return. There is very minimal to no maintenance on a system like this, it has the added benefit of being expandable, so more solar could be added in the future. Payback: less than 7 years Energy being offset annually: 10,795 KWH/year Minimum Energy Offset: 4% in December (223.93 KWH) Maximum Energy Offset: 28% in June (1,516 KWH) Maintenance: No Warranty: Yes 25 Year Performance Warranty Replacement Parts: No, not in 25 year period There are a few downsides to this system. The most significant is the fact that IPEC will not purchase or credit power from the solar array. This means that if the solar array is producing more power than it is consuming, there is a chance that it will not all be utilized. This is most likely to occur in the most ideal weather conditions during the peak solar hours of the day, in the months of April-August. The other negative to this system is that it requires that the utility be present to provide energy. Based on UL 1741 the inverters must automatically disconnect from the grid when the grid becomes de- energized. Option 2: Cost Breakdown 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 14 Material Cost of the System: $53,861.23 Installation and Services Cost of the System: $21,200.00 Total System Cost: $75,061.23 Federal Tax Credits: 30% $22,518.37 Net Cost of the System: $52,542.86 Average Utility Cost: $0.57/KWH Material Warranty: 25 Years Installation Warranty: 2 Years Monitoring: Yes Materials Replacement Cost: $36, 890 in 25 year Period (Batteries at Year 10 and 20) Maintenance Cost: $5,200 in 25 year Period (Battery Replacement and Recycle) Material Breakdown Quotation 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 15 Services Breakdown Quotation 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 16 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 17 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 18 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 19 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 20 Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 21 USAGE SOLAR IRRADIANCE PRODUCTION %OFFSET January 6,160 1.10 328.43 5% February 6,560 1.55 418.00 6% March 5,960 2.80 836.01 14% April 6,040 4.08 1,178.89 20% May 5,680 5.18 1,546.62 27% June 5,400 5.25 1,516.95 28% July 5,520 4.84 1,445.10 26% August 5,440 4.88 1,457.04 27% September 5,280 3.45 996.85 19% October 5,360 1.83 546.39 10% November 5,560 1.04 300.50 5% December 5,920 0.75 223.93 4% Total 68,880 3.06 10,795 First Year Energy Offset Table Usage is measured in KWH/month from Addendum 1 Solar Irradiance is Measured from PV WATTs from NREL Site for Kake, AK it is measured in kWh / m2 / day * Production is measured in KWH/month with system losses factored in Financial Payback Analysis 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 22 Option 2: Summary 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 23 Option 2: This option offers the most reliability because it has the added benefit of a back up battery bank. This also protects from the possibility if the solar array ever produces more energy than the current consumption the excess energy could be stored in the battery bank and be utilized when there is less solar production, such as the evening. This also means that in the event of a power outage, specific emergency loads can be backed up. Payback: less than 8 years Energy being offset annually: 10,795 KWH/year Minimum Energy Offset: 4% in December (223.93 KWH) Maximum Energy Offset: 28% in June (1,516 KWH) Maintenance: Minor Battery Maintenance Backup Capacity: 76.8 KWH Inverter Capacity 20.4 KW ( Continuous) Warranty: Yes 25 Year Performance Warranty 10 Year Battery Warranty Replacement Parts: Yes, Batteries would need to be replaced twice in 25 year period. The primary negative of this system is the need for the batteries to be replaced in year 11 and 21. The batteries are sealed Absorbed Glass Mat which allow the batteries to not have to be maintained, vented and would be considered non-hazmat. Option 3: Cost Breakdown 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 24 Material Cost of the System: $62,252.62 Installation and Services Cost of the System: $29,350.00 Total System Cost: $91,602.62 Federal Tax Credits: 30% $27,480.78 Net Cost of the System: $64,121.83 Average Utility Cost: $0.57/KWH Material Warranty: 25 Years Installation Warranty: 2 Years Monitoring: Yes Materials Replacement Cost: $29,651 in 25 year Period (Heater at Year 11 and 21) Maintenance Cost: $8,700 in 25 year Period (Maintenance and replacement of Daiken Heater Unit) Material Breakdown Quotation 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 25 Services Breakdown Quotation 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 26 Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Oil 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 27 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 28 Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Oil 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 29 Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Oil 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 30 Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Oil 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 31 USAGE SOLAR IRRADIANCE PRODUCTION %OFFSET January 24,611 1.10 328.43 1.3% February 24,611 1.55 418.00 1.7% March 24,611 2.80 836.01 3.4% April 24,611 4.08 1,178.89 4.8% May 24,611 5.18 1,546.62 6.3% June 24,611 5.25 1,516.95 6.2% July 24,611 4.84 1,445.10 5.9% August 24,611 4.88 1,457.04 5.9% September 24,611 3.45 996.85 4.1% October 24,611 1.83 546.39 2.2% November 24,611 1.04 300.50 1.2% December 24,611 0.75 223.93 0.9% Total 295,332 3.06 10,795 Usage Represents 600 Gallons of Fuel Oil per month or 4 tons of wood pellets converted to KWH/month Solar Irradiance is Measured from PV WATTs from NREL Site for Kake, AK it is measured in kWh / m2 / day Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Oil Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Wood Pellet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 32 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 33 Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Wood Pellet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 34 Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Wood Pellet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 35 Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Wood Pellet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 36 USAGE SOLAR IRRADIANCE PRODUCTION %OFFSET January 24,611 1.10 328.43 1.3% February 24,611 1.55 418.00 1.7% March 24,611 2.80 836.01 3.4% April 24,611 4.08 1,178.89 4.8% May 24,611 5.18 1,546.62 6.3% June 24,611 5.25 1,516.95 6.2% July 24,611 4.84 1,445.10 5.9% August 24,611 4.88 1,457.04 5.9% September 24,611 3.45 996.85 4.1% October 24,611 1.83 546.39 2.2% November 24,611 1.04 300.50 1.2% December 24,611 0.75 223.93 0.9% Total 295,332 3.06 10,795 Usage Represents 600 Gallons of Fuel Oil per month or 4 tons of wood pellets converted to KWH/month Solar Irradiance is Measured from PV WATTs from NREL Site for Kake, AK it is measured in kWh / m2 / day Financial Payback Analysis- PV vs Wood Pellet Option 3: Summary 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 37 Option 3: This option utilizes the energy produced from the PV to power a Daiken air to hot water heater. This system is very similar to option 1 with the exception that the energy is allocated for a specific load. The current heating system is a fuel oil system that is being replaced with a wood pellet heater. The wood pellet heater is actually very efficient and drops heating costs from approximately $36,648/year to $11,760/year. The addition of the solar array would only decrease the cost of energy from using the wood pellets approximately $630/year. This clearly seems like the least economical option with no expected ROI. Payback: less than 8 years Energy being offset annually: 10,795 KWH/year 263 Gallons of Fuel 1.46 Tons of Pellets Minimum Energy Offset: .9% in Dec. (223.93 KWH) Maximum Energy Offset: 6.3% in June (1,516 KWH) Maintenance: Minor Heater Maintenance Warranty: Yes 25 Year Performance Warranty 10 Year Heater Warranty Replacement Parts: Yes, Heater would need to be replaced twice in 25 year period. The major negative of this system comes from the lack of efficiency of converting electricity to heat. Executive Summary 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 38 After evaluating each option, there is clearly some major distinctions. The most important factor when deciding which option is best is determining the primary reason for the system. Cost of the system, reliability, return of Investment, maintenance, and the percentage of energy offset are some of the deciding factors in each option As the table of displays option 3 is really not a viable option and does not justify the costs. Option 1 and 2 have two very distinct differences, both being very good it just depends which is the primary concern for the customer. Option 1 is a simple system where there is least amount of cost and pretty much no maintenance. There is a possibility of non fully harnessing the system in two cases. The first is that if the utility power goes out, the system will disengage regardless of the weather. The second is if at exceeds the demand from the building, because IPEC has no agreement to purchase or credit any excess power. Executive Summary 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 39 Option 2 has the benefit of solving both of these two options, because of a battery bank being used to buffer the energy. However, the primary downside to this system is the added cost and replacement cost of the batteries. It adds another level of complexity to the maintenance and service of this system. It is important that all 3 options are expandable, meaning that the amount of solar could be added with option 2 allowing for the battery storage to be added also to increase times of autonomy (hours without power from the utility company or solar). The timeline for either of the three option would roughly take approximately 3-6 weeks to get the product ordered and on site, and would approximately take 1-2 weeks to install. It is my opinion that option 1 would be the easiest system to implement, with the lowest cost, and it even has the added capability of adding the battery bank and inverter system from option 2 at a later date. Executive Summary Completed By Jesse Moe Lime Solar EE/ and Systems Design Engineer 907-272-5463 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 40 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 41 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 42 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 43 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 44 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 45 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 46 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 47 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 48 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 49 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 50 Specification Sheet 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 51 7731 E. Northern Lights Unit 250 Anchorage, AK 99504 P: (907) 272 LIME (5463) F: (907) 27 SOLAR (76527) E: jesse@LimeSolar.net Website: www.LimeSolar.net 52 Addendum 1 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 9 Kake – BacGen Solar Feasibility Report SOLAR FEASIBILITY STUDY KAKE SENIOR CENTER KAKE ALASKA June 24, 2015 Submitted By: BacGen Technologies, Inc, Maud de Bel Maud@bacgen.com 206-459-9418 Page | 2 Executive Summary BacGen investigated the feasibility of installing a solar system at the Senior Center in Kake, AK. Only two options are recommended for consideration (with and without battery storage). A third option, finding alternatives for domestic hot water heating in the shoulder season, is discussed in the report but not considered economically viable. Option 1: 6 kW Grid Connected PV System Budget Cost of a 6 kW System $41,000 Annual Production kWh/y 5,747 % Offset (Assuming 25,000 kWh/y Consumption)23% Annual Saving at $0.57/kWh (Assuming no losses to the grid) $3,276 Simple Payback (No Maintenance Included) Years 14 Payback with 6% Utility Escalator Years 10 Present Worth (Maintenance Included) Courtesy Alaska Energy Engineering $10,400 20 year Production (No Cell Degradation Included) kWh 114,940 Equivalent kWh Cost over 20 years (No Maintenance Included)$ 0.36 Option 1 is the simplest project to install but due to its limited size, will only offset about 23% of the power consumption. Its size is limited because in the summer, this system is expected to output about 4.5 kW of instantaneous power, while the load is also expected to be around the 5 kW mark. A larger PV system would back feed power to the grid at peak solar hours, for which credit is not available. Before installation can take place, the actual power consumption, instantaneous load and power quality need to be monitored. The inverter will switch off when power quality is poor. Another disadvantage is that this system will not be operational during a grid outage. Page | 3 Option 2: 12 kW Battery Connected PV System Budget Cost of the System $72,000 Annual Production kWh/y 10,675 % Offset (Assuming 25,000 kWh/y Consumption)43% Annual Saving at $0.57/kWh $6,085 Simple Payback (No Maintenance Included)Years 13 Payback with 6% Utility Escalator Years 10 Present Worth (Maintenance Included) Courtesy Alaska Energy Engineering $29,300 20 year Production (No Cell Degradation Included) kWh 213,500 Equivalent kWh Cost over 20 years (No Maintenance Included)$ 0.34 It is assumed that there are some economies of scale for installation of a 12 kW system compared to a 6 kW system. Therefore even though the price of batteries and charge controller needs to be included, over a 20 year period, the price of power would be $0.34/kWh instead of $0.36/kWh in Option 1 and the Present Worth is about three times higher because of the year-on-year saving on Utility cost. The $0.34 per kWh is a significant reduction (and will remain stable), compared to the $0.57/kWh paid today to the Utility (which is likely to increase over time). The advantage of this system is that upon a grid outage, this system can still be used. ‘Dirty’ power does not affect operation of the inverter because this system is operated independent of the grid. AGM batteries were used for pricing, however those batteries may be sensitive to extended periods of non-use (such as in the winter in AK). Lithium batteries are less sensitive to this, but they are much more expensive. This aspect will require some additional consideration. Conclusion Depending on the level of funding, both options are considered viable. If funding of around $70,000 is available, than Option 2 is the preferred option since it offsets a larger amount of power at a lower per kWh price, and offers more security since it operates during ‘dirty’ power and black-out periods. Page | 4 Contents SOLAR FEASIBILITY STUDY ........................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Option 1: 6 kW Grid Connected PV System .............................................................................................. 2 Option 2: 12 kW Battery Connected PV System ....................................................................................... 3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Scope of Work ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Findings from Site Visit, June 2, 2015 ........................................................................................................... 6 Lay-out Considerations ................................................................................................................................. 9 Some Practical Considerations .................................................................................................................... 11 Option 1: Grid Connected Solar PV (no Batteries) ...................................................................................... 12 Option 2: 12 kW Battery Back-up PV System.............................................................................................. 16 Other Options ............................................................................................................................................. 18 Some Notes About The Lime Solar Proposal .............................................................................................. 20 Option 1 .................................................................................................................................................. 20 Option 2 .................................................................................................................................................. 21 Option 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 21 Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 21 Appendix A: Life Cycle Cost Analysis ........................................................................................................... 22 Page | 5 Introduction Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA) owns and operates a Senior Center located at 177 Third Ave. Kake, AK 99830 (Lat/Long. 56.96N -133.93W), on Kupreanof Island, southeast of Juneau. BacGen was asked to look into the cost and feasibility of building a solar PV system to offset power at the Senior Center. Kake, Alaska is a high-cost diesel-electric community served by Inside Passage Electrical Cooperative (IPEC). Current electrical rates are around $0.65/kWh (below 500 kWh per month) and $0.57 (for consumption above 500 kWh per month). IPEC will not purchase power back from the building owner and requires any PV power to be isolated from the grid1 (i.e. there can be no net metering). The building is undergoing modernization. When completed, it will have 14 apartments for independent- living housing for low-income senior citizens. It will also have common spaces including congregate dining room, commercial kitchen, offices, ADA bathrooms, laundry room, basement garages, and storage areas. All apartments will have individual electric meters. The commercial kitchen will be on an independent electric meter too. The rest of the building will be on the common house meter. Only this meter is to be offset with electricity generated by solar PV. The Center will be heated with a wood pellet boiler, with propane boiler backup. Domestic hot water for apartments and most common spaces will be indirectly heated with the pellet boiler or propane back-up boiler. The purpose of the feasibility study is to investigate whether solar PV, with or without batteries, would be economically viable. Additionally, BacGen was asked to look into possibilities to offset some of the hot water generation with solar thermal, or air-to-water heat pumps. Scope of Work The work will include performing a Solar Feasibility study at the Kake Senior Center in Kake Alaska to determine feasibility, conceptual designs, integration strategies, and cost estimates for supplying cost- effective solar energy solutions to lower operating costs at the Senior Center over a useful life of the building and solar components. The solar arrays are to be ground or wall mounted. The location for the solar array is along the skirted pile foundation on the south-facing, non-shaded side of the existing building, 178 feet in length, with space for panels up to 120” high. They are not to be roof mounted. Targeted capacity is 10,000 Watt minimum. The system will be parallel to the utility grid system, isolated with a non-grid tie inverter, and will not feed back into the utility grid system. The feasibility study shall look at intervention options including, but not limited to: 1. Solar PV to power a percentage of the common house meter with no battery storage 2. Solar PV to power a percentage of the common house meter with battery storage. 1 This statement needs to be investigated. It is important to know whether they will allow interconnection, if not net metering. Page | 6 3. Solar PV to provide a percentage of the domestic hot water in combination with an air-to-water heat pump (Diaken Altherma or equal), for non-heating and shoulder-season months. The feasibility study for each option shall include: A cost-benefit analysis for each intervention option described above. An estimate of the percentage of solar energy provided in comparison to total energy required for the common house meter or domestic hot water production. An estimate of annual savings in dollars for each option, with standard inflation and maintenance factors applied. Adequate preliminary design to provide a rough order of magnitude cost estimate of plus or minus 10% of actual installed costs in 2015 dollars. A cost-estimate for each intervention option for consultation, final design work, inspection and commissioning with a solar installation contractor. An executive summary with conclusions and recommendations. Findings from Site Visit, June 2, 2015 During a site visit on June 2, it was found that the Center refurbishment is in advanced stages of completion. Figure 1 shows the pellet boiler (with green cover), the propane back-up boilers (behind pellet boiler) and the hot water storage tanks. Figure 1 Overview of Heat Plant in Senior Center Page | 7 The intention is to run the pellet boiler during the winter, with domestic hot water being heated via a secondary loop. In the summer, when building heating is not necessary, it may be more cost effective to rely on the propane boiler (see Figure 2) just to heat domestic water (it will also be easier to respond to demand changes with the propane boiler). Figure 2 Propane Boilers Figure 3 Heat Recovery Ventilation Units Page | 8 The air throughout the facility is conditioned through two heat recovery ventilation (HRV) units (Figure 3). Each has two separate fans (one 1,0000 cfm and one 500 cfm capacity, each with 0.48 kW motor size). Table 1 shows an estimation of future annual power consumption. Power consumption, in the past (when the common areas and individual units were all on a single meter) was in the 70,000 kWh/y range. Some limited information was available regarding control conditions of the various units. When electrical consumption of all important units is added up, the total is about 25,000 kWh/y, (about one third of previous consumption). Table 1 Power Consumption Estimation Rating Estimated Average Demand Estimated hours per year Total Annual Consumption (kWh/y) HRV-1 (Ventilation)1,000 cfm 0.48 kW 0.4 kW 8,760 7,656 HRV-1 500 cfm 0.48 kW 0.2 kW 8,760 HRV-2 1,000 cfm 0.48 kW 0.4 kW 4,000 HRV-2 500 cfm 0.48 kW 0.2 kW 4,000 Pellet Boiler Pump 0.6 kW 0.5 kW 5,840 2,920 Building Hot Water Pump 31-1576 W 0.7 kW 1,100 770 Pump, Hot Water Heat Exchanger 16-442 W 0.2 kW 6,000 1,200 Hot Water Recirc 214 W 0.15 kW 8,760 1,314 Propane Boiler Pump 8.75 – 108 W 0.050 kW 2,900 145 LED Lights (Corridor etc) 10.5W /ea 0.378 kW 8,760 3,311 LED Lights (Common Area) 10.5W /ea 0.378 kW 500 189 Washer/Dryer 500 W 0.5 kW 1,100 500 Misc (Outlets etc) 0.5 kW 6,995 TOTAL 4.0-4.5 kW 25,000 Additionally, some information was obtained regarding the price, per million BTU, for heating purposes. Table 2 Price Comparison between Electricity, Propane and Wood Pellets at 2015 prices Electricity $0.57/kWh $167.01/MMBtu Propane $2.95/gallon $32.60/MMBtu Pellets $400/ton $24.39/MMBtu Page | 9 Lay-out Considerations Figure 4 shows the area that is earmarked for the solar array on the south side of the building (the building materials will be removed). Figure 5 shows a layout proposal for a 6 kW (20 modules) or 12 kW (40 modules) system. A 12 kW system would span about 110’ (of the available 178’ length of the building). Figure 6 shows that in a 2 module – landscape orientation, the maximum height of the array is 6’. The system is perfectly south facing and there are no shading obstacles. Figure 4 Area Earmarked for Ground Mount Solar PV System Page | 10 Figure 5 Overview of Solar Array Layout (6 kW and 12 kW) Page | 11 Figure 6 Side view showing maximum height of 6 feet above ground Some Practical Considerations The installation of the pilings for the ground mount system is probably the most critical aspect considering the remote location. Because of the high wind loading, the depth of the piling is expected to be > 6 ft. Several techniques are used in the industry, but most require special machinery (for example the use of ‘screws’ and hydraulic drilling). Digging holes and setting pilings in concrete may be the simplest but would require a lot of concrete (which is expensive in shipping cost). There are two Washington State based vendors who have installed solar systems in Alaska (Artisan http://artisanelectricinc.com/and Western Solar http://westernsolarinc.com/). Neither was prepared to quote a solar system claiming heavy workloads at this time. Alaska Marine Lines ships materials from Seattle, adding an estimated $0.15/Watt to the install price. EIC Engineers in Anchorage have provided stamped drawings for solar systems in the past (Brian, 907- 349-9712; http://www.eicengineers.com/). Since the power consumption of the future system will be much different than before, and is an unknown at this time, and also since the power quality will determine whether or not battery protection is required, the next step should be to do some type of power monitoring, for example using https://www.egauge.net/). The power consumption and quality will determine the size and type of the system (battery or no battery). Figure 7 shows the acceptable voltage and frequency ranges for inverter operation (courtesy of Solaren.com). Page | 12 Figure 7 Utility Grid Voltage and Frequency Limits for Residential (single Phase) for Grid-Ties PV Inverters Option 1: Grid Connected Solar PV (no Batteries) Option 1 was to look at a solar PV without the benefit of battery storage. The estimated size of the solar system should not exceed approximately 6 kW, since it was determined in Table 1 that the instantaneous demand will probably not exceed 4.5 kW. A solar size above 6 kW would back-feed electricity to the grid in the middle of the summer, for which there is no credit. Table 3 shows the monthly production for Kake (NREL Weather Data Source: (TMY2) ANNETTE, AK 162 mi). The solar radiation in kWh/ m2/day is a measure of the sun hours (at 100% efficiency). Table 3: Production and Offset Estimate of a 6 kWDC Solar PV System (Source: PVWatts, NREL) 6 kW system (14% losses) Month Solar Radiation AC Energy Consumption % offset Energy Value ( kWh / m2/day) (kWh) (kWh) $ January 1.5 241 2083 12% $ 137 February 1.81 265 2083 13% $ 151 March 3.1 488 2083 23% $ 278 April 4.17 629 2083 30% $ 359 May 5 761 2083 37% $ 434 June 4.87 721 2083 35% $ 411 July 4.55 689 2083 33% $ 393 August 4.88 722 2083 35% $ 412 September 3.72 541 2083 26% $ 308 October 2.1 327 2083 16% $ 186 November 1.3 200 2083 10% $ 114 December 1.01 163 2083 8% $ 93 Annual 3.17 5,747 25,000 23% $3,276 Page | 13 If the annual consumption is about 25,000 kWh/y, the monthly offset can be calculated. The monthly consumption was previously fairly stable for all seasons. It shows that a 6 kW system could offset about 30-35% of the consumption during the summer, provided there is no back-feed to the grid. On an annual basis, about 23% of electricity consumption can be offset by the solar PV system, with a value of about $3,276 in the first year. Table 4 shows typical hourly solar production in February, June and October against the hypothetical load profile.Figure 8 shows the hourly output, in kW AC Power from a 6 kW solar PV System in Kake. Note that only on a few occasions, the output exceeds 4.5 kW. There are 208 hours in the year that the power production exceeds 4,000 WattsAC and only 17 hours per year that the production exceeds 4,500 Watts, therefore the ‘loss’ to the grid in this scenario is less than 1% on an annual basis. Table 4 Typical Demand and Solar Production of a 6 kW Grid Connected Solar System in Kake, AK in Different Seasons Hour Typical Demand (Hypothetical) (kW) Typical Solar Production on February 6 (Watts) Typical Solar Production on June 24 (Watts) Typical Solar Production on October 23 (Watts) 0 2 - - - 1 2 - - - 2 2 - - - 3 2 - 88 - 4 2 - 273 - 5 2 - 385 - 6 2.2 - 775 25 7 2.4 87 1,320 651 8 3 990 1,619 1,901 9 3 1,238 2,606 2,109 10 3 1,563 3,896 959 11 3.5 1,588 4,552 1,000 12 4.5 1,166 4,611 728 13 4.5 1,736 4,187 504 14 4 436 3,549 285 15 3 106 2,579 214 16 2.5 18 1,539 - 17 2 - 529 - 18 2 - 371 - 19 2 - 492 - 20 2 - 71 - 21 2 - - - 22 2 - - - 23 2 - - - Page | 14 AC Output (Watt)Figure 8 PVWatts Prediction of Typical Hourly Solar Output from a 6 kW PV System Page | 15 Table 5: Cost Estimate for 6 kW Grid Connected System Unit Price Price Modules, Racking, Inverters, Wiring, Balance of System $3/WDC $ 18,000 Stamped Design $3,000 $ 3,000 Shipping $0.50/lbs $ 1,000 Ferry $ 1,000 Labor (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical) $ 15,000 Miscellaneous $ 3,000 TOTAL $ 41,000 Overall Price per Watt $ 6.83 Annual Saving $3,276 Simple Payback (No Maintenance Included) Years 13 Payback with 6% Utility Escalator Years 10 20 year Production (No Cell Degradation Included) kWh 114,940 Equivalent kWh Cost (No Maintenance Included) $ 0.36 Maintenance is expected to be done in-house and generally consists of cleaning the modules, and periodically checking the output of the system. Adequate training should be obtained at time of installation. Inverters are typically under warranty for 10 years. An inverter replacement would cost about $2,500- $3,000 for this system. Appendix A contains a Net Present Worth analysis of the 6 kW and the 12 kW systems that includes the annual maintenance and inverter (/battery) replacement. Page | 16 Option 2: 12 kW Battery Back-up PV System Table 6: Production and Offset Estimate of a 12 kWDC Solar PV System (Source: PVWatts, NREL) 12 kW System (20% losses) Month Solar Radiation AC Energy Consumption % offset Saving ( kWh / m2/day) ( kWh ) (kWh) ( $ ) January 1.5 448 2083 22% $ 255 February 1.81 491 2083 24% $ 280 March 3.1 906 2083 43% $ 516 April 4.17 1,170 2083 56% $ 667 May 5 1,414 2083 68% $ 806 June 4.87 1,340 2083 64% $ 764 July 4.55 1,280 2083 61% $ 730 August 4.88 1,342 2083 64% $ 765 September 3.72 1,005 2083 48% $ 573 October 2.1 606 2083 29% $ 345 November 1.3 371 2083 18% $ 211 December 1.01 302 2083 14% $ 172 Annual 3.17 10,675 25,000 43% 6,085 Option 2 is a 12 kW system with battery storage. This system is not connected to the grid. Compared to Option 1, slightly higher losses were assumed due to the ‘extra step’ of storing DC power in the batteries and then converting it to AC Power. Overall, this system would offset about 43% of annual power consumption. Table 7 shows a cost estimate for this system. Economies of scale were assumed for the electrical design, the labor cost and miscellaneous cost. The additional cost for batteries and charge controller was assumed to be $1/WDC. Due to the economies of scale, the overall price per Watt installed is lower in this option, and the 20-year cost of solar is expected to be $0.34/kWh (compared to 0.36/kWh in Option 1). Maintenance cost are expected to be similar to Option 1, however batteries are expected to be due for replacement after about 10 years. The replacement cost would obviously depend on the number of batteries installed in the first place. BacGen would recommend installing 16 batteries (AGM, 6 V, ~400 amph) which cost about $400/ea. Replacement of 16 batteries would be about $7,500 in 2015 prices. Page | 17 Table 7: Cost Estimate for 12 kW Battery Back-up System Unit Price Price Modules, Racking, Inverters, Batteries, Wiring, Balance of System $4/WDC $48,000 Stamped Design $ 3,000 $3,000 Shipping $0.50/lbs $ 2,000 Ferry $ 1,000 Labor $ 15,000 Miscellaneous $ 3,000 TOTAL $ 72,000 Overall Price per Watt Installed $ 6.00 Annual Saving (No escalator on Utility Price)$ 5,554 Simple Payback (No Maintenance Included) Years 13 Payback with 6% Utility Escalator Years 10 20 year production (no cell degradation included)kWh 209,860 Equivalent kWh Cost (No Maintenance Included) $ 0.34 Table 8 Battery Cost Estimate (in 2015 Pricing) # batteries $/ea total lbs/ea shipping total 32 $400 $12,800 120 $ 1,920 $14,720 16 $400 $6,400 120 $ 960 $7,360 12 $400 $4,800 120 $ 720 $5,520 Page | 18 Other Options Other options that were suggested were as follows: Using an air-to-water heat pump water heating, to avoid running the pellet boiler for domestic hot water heating in the summer Installing solar thermal for water heating, to avoid running the pellet boiler for domestic hot water heating in the summer Instead of using batteries as part of the solar PV system, dump excess electricity into an electric heat coil in the hot water tank Table 9 Price Comparison between Electricity, Propane and Wood Pellets Electricity (from Diesel)$0.57/kWh $167/MMBtu Electricity (from solar PV) $0.34/kWh $99.62/MMBtu Propane $2.95/gallon $32.60/MMBtu (0.11/kWh) Pellets $400/ton $24.39/MMBtu (0.08/kWh) To calculate whether any of these options are economically viable, it was assumed that the daily domestic hot water heating volume is 500 liters (132 gallons). Using price estimates of Table 9, the results are summarized in Table 10. The following conclusions can be reached from these calculations: It is likely that the propane boiler is the cheapest way to heat the water in the shoulder season, if it can be run independently from the wood pellet boiler. Even the wood boiler at 50% efficiency is twice as cheap as using solar PV in an electrical heating coil. The cost of installing and running solar thermal or a heat pump would have to be less than $14,000 over its 20 year operating life for it to be economically viable as an alternative to propane. Unless the cost of propane increases dramatically, a heat pump is not . Page | 19 Table 10 Water Heating Cost Comparison (1 kCal is needed to heat 1 liter of water by 1 degree C) Cost if Propane is used at 70% Heat Transfer Efficiency Cost if Wood Pellets are used at 50% Heat Transfer Efficiency Cost if Electric Coil is Used (100% Efficiency) (Diesel) Cost if Electric Coil is Used (100% efficiency) (Solar PV) Cost per kWh Equivalent $/kWh $ 0.11 $ 0.08 $ 0.57 $ 0.34 Volume of Water Liter gallons 500 132 Cold Water Temp C 15 Hot Water Temp C 60 kWh/1,000kCal 1.163 Efficiency of Heating Inside Tank 70% Energy required to heat 500 l tank kCal 32,143 Energy and Cost to heat 132 gallons of water kWh 37.4 $ 5.87 $ 5.98 $ 21.31 $ 12.71 # Days in Shoulder Season 120 Total Cost of Running Propane Boiler for 20 Years in Shoulder Season $ 14,098 Page | 20 Some Notes About The Lime Solar Proposal Option 1 The size of ‘Option 1’ in the Lime proposal (11,700 WDC) would be too large for the future electrical consumption at the Senior Center after separation of the individual units and the kitchen service. Average Utility Cost was quoted as $0.57 which is probably correct. The marginal price of power (>500 kWh/month) is $0.57/kWh. Only the first 500 kW is $0.65 and even with a 12 kW solar PV system, the monthly usage will not dip below 500 kWh. Lime’s solar price quote for materials is equivalent to $4.00/WDC delivered to site. I think in Seattle one would be able to source materials for about $3.00 WDC before shipping so I think $3.00-$4.00/WDC is the ballpark price. Adjusted for 6 kW (instead of 11.7 kW), Lime’s quote without batteries would come to $39,000 which is similar to the project cost used in the BacGen report. In their financial analysis, Lime used tax credits and MACRS in the payback analysis which are not available to THRHA. Lime states that the levelized cost for solar in Option 1 is $0.15/kWh, but this would only be true if tax credits and MACRS can be taken into account. Discounting for those federal benefits, the levelized cost for the Lime proposal is about the same as in the BacGen analysis ($0.39/kWh). Lime used the old Utility bill (when annual consumption was about 70,000 kWh/y) for savings and benefit analysis. The solar production estimates used in the Lime report as very similar to what PVWatts predicts for Juneau, AK (which was used in BacGen report). On page 12, some assumptions were made for losses due to shading, soiling and inverter efficiency. Lime predicts losses of 22%, but I think we can do better than that. There are no shading losses, and the inverter efficiency of modern inverters exceeds 95%. There will be some soiling and wire losses (say 9%). Overall conversion efficiency should be about 0.91 x 0.95 = 0.86 (overall 14% losses, this number was used in the BacGen report). Page 13, the summary page: The simple payback for a 6 kW system is in the 14 year range. The minimum energy offset is about 10% in December and the maximum about 30% in June. There will be some maintenance (cleaning, and potentially inverter replacement). Some money should set aside for that. Module warranty is typically 20 – 25 years but it is hard to obtain a 20 year inverter warranty (10 years is typical). It is true that in this option, the Utility grid needs to be switched on to produce power. Anti- islanding demands that the inverter switches off when the grid goes down. No mention is made of power quality. Before a system can be installed without a battery, the power quality must be monitored for power quality. It would be our recommendation to start power quality and consumption monitoring as soon as possible, so that a better estimate can be made of the solar PV sizing. Page | 21 Option 2 Again Lime’s total system cost of $75,000 seems close to BacGen’s estimate of $72,000. From the cost breakdown on page 14, it appears that about $18,500 was budgeted for battery replacement (twice in the system’s life). This is based on solid state gel batteries (AGM- Absorbed Glass Mat). It could be considered to use lithium-iron batteries (which are more expensive but lighter in weight, and more ‘forgiving’ when not used). The price of lithium-ion batteries is expected to come down dramatically over time. The Lime proposal appears to be based on 32 # 6 V batteries with a rating of 390 amph. If it is assumed that there are 4 # strings of 8 batteries (48 V per string), then the total would be about 4x 390 = 1,560 amph. At 90% charge controller efficiency and 85% discharge depth this would be 0.90 x 0.85 x1,560 x 48 V = 57 kWh. In the top months, a 12 kW solar PV system produces about 40 kWh per day (average). If 50% of that can be used immediately, the battery capacity may only need to be 20 kWh. On page 15, it appears that the additional cost for batteries and charge controller is only a total of $7,146 compared to Option 1. This is inconsistent with the maintenance cost of $36,890 for batteries (in year 10 and 20) quoted on page 14. On page 16 it seems that the battery installation should not be that much more expensive than Option 1 installation cost. Page 19: The first year utility saving seems fair and in line with PVWatts prediction. Note again that tax credits and MACRS do not apply in the economic analysis. Page 22: Loss calculations seem fair taking into account charge controller losses. Lime uses 22% losses, BacGen uses 20% losses. Page 23 quotes 76.8 kWh battery capacity. That does not account for charge controller losses and battery discharge depth. Option 3 Option 3 appears to show that the material cost for the heat pump would be about $15,000 before integration into the system. BacGen would concur that this is not an economically viable solution compared to propane heating at today’s prices. The size of the water tank was assumed to be 300 gallons (132 gallons was used in the BacGen report). If 300 gallons is heated every day for domestic use, then $32,000 would be spent over 20 years on burning propane, in the shoulder season, at today’s prices. If one would assume that solar thermal can be installed for less than $15,000 and it would offset 50% of propane, this might be an option (but it should be considered separate from the PV). Summary Lime Solar state that the battery option can be installed later but I think it is better to select a battery capable inverter/charge controller unit right from the start. Page | 22 Appendix A: Life Cycle Cost Analysis Courtesy Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 alaskaenergy@gci.net Kake Senior Center 6kW Grid Connected PV System Basis 20 Study Period (years) 2.8% General Inflation 4.5% Nominal Discount Rate 5.0% Fuel Inflation 1.7% Real Discount Rate 4.0% Electricity Inflation 4.0% Wood Pellet Inflation Construction Costs Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost 6 kW PV System 1 ls $41,000.00 $41,000 Contingencies Estimating contingency 0% $0 Overhead & profit 0% $0 Design fees 0% $0 Project management 0% $0 Total Construction Costs $41,000 Annual Costs Maintenance $40.00 Qty Unit Base Cost Present Value PV System Monthly Maintenance Clean modules, check system 2 hrs every 3 months 1 - 20 8 hrs $40.00 $5,295 Equipment Replacement Replace inverter 10 - 10 1 LS $3,000.00 $2,491 Total Annual Costs $7,800 Energy Costs Qty Unit Base Cost Present Value Fuel Oil 1 - 20 gallon $4.66 $0 Wood Pellets 1 - 20 ton $416.00 $0 Electricity 1 - 20 -5,245 kWh $0.593 ($59,153) Total Energy Costs ($59,200) ($10,400) 0 Present Worth Years 0 Years 0 0 June 27, 2015 Year 0 Page 1 Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 alaskaenergy@gci.net Kake Senior Center 12 kW Battery Backup PV System Basis 20 Study Period (years) 2.8% General Inflation 4.5% Nominal Discount Rate 5.0% Fuel Inflation 1.7% Real Discount Rate 4.0% Electricity Inflation 4.0% Wood Pellet Inflation Construction Costs Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost 12 kW PV System 1 ls $72,000.00 $72,000 Contingencies Estimating contingency 0% $0 Overhead & profit 0% $0 Design fees 0% $0 Project management 0% $0 Total Construction Costs $72,000 Annual Costs Maintenance $40.00 Qty Unit Base Cost Present Value PV System Monthly Maintenance Clean modules, check system 3 hrs every 3 months 1 - 20 12 hrs $40.00 $7,943 Equipment Replacement Replace batteries 10 - 10 16 ea $400.00 $5,315 Replace inverter 10 - 10 1 LS $4,500.00 $3,737 Total Annual Costs $17,000 Energy Costs Qty Unit Base Cost Present Value Fuel Oil 1 - 20 gallon $4.66 $0 Wood Pellets 1 - 20 ton $416.00 $0 Electricity 1 - 20 -10,493 kWh $0.593 ($118,340) Total Energy Costs ($118,300) ($29,300) 0 0 Years Years Present Worth June 27, 2015 Year 0 0 0 Page 2 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 10 Klawock – High Efficiency Low Emission Wood Fired Heating System Pre-Feasibility Report High Efficiency Low Emission Wood Fired Heating System Pre-Feasibility Report September 2, 2014 Version: Final WES Energy & Environment, LLC 902 Market Street Meadville, PA 16335 (814) 337 8223 Prepared for: Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Klawock Senior Center & Craig Senior Center In Partnership with : Fairbanks Economic Development Corpora on Alaska Wood Energy Development Task Group Prepared By: Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Existing Fuel Usage & Heating System................................................................................. 3 2.1 Klawock Senior Center ..................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Craig Senior Center........................................................................................................... 5 3.0 Forest Resource and Fuel Availability.................................................................................. 7 4.0 Proposed Biomass System Options ..................................................................................... 8 4.1 Klawock Senior Center Biomass System Options............................................................. 8 4.1.1 Option 1a : 160,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System..................................................... 9 4.1.2 Option 1b : 100,000 Btu/hr Cord Wood System..................................................... 10 4.2 Craig Senior Center Biomass System Options................................................................ 12 4.2.1 Option 2a : 110,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System................................................... 13 4.2.2 Option 2b : 100,000 Btu/hr Cord Wood System..................................................... 14 5.0 Benefit/Cost Analysis......................................................................................................... 16 6.0 Conclusions & Recommendations..................................................................................... 19 7.0 General Biomass Technology Information ........................................................................ 21 Appendix A Conceptual Drawings Appendix B Capital Cost Estimates Appendix C 20 Year Financing at 4% APR Cash Flow Analysis Appendix D Sensitivity Analysis of Annual Savings to Oil and Biomass Prices Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 1 of 24 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This preliminary feasibility study evaluates options for the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority to utilize high efficiency low emission wood fired technologies at the Craig Senior Center and the Klawock Senior Center located on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Installation of a wood fired heating system would present the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority with the opportunity to reduce operating costs, utilize a renewable fuel for heating, and keep fuel expenditures within the regional economy. The two centers are located 7 miles away from each other and are each evaluated for independent wood fired heating systems. Figure 1 shows an aerial picture of the Klawock Senior Center located in Klawock, Alaska. Figure 1 Aerial View of the Klawock Senior Center Image source: Bing Maps Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 2 of 24 Figure 2 shows an aerial picture of the Craig Senior Center located in Craig, Alaska. Figure 2 Aerial View of the Craig Senior Center Image source: Google Earth Both buildings utilize #1 fuel oil fired boiler plants for space heating and domestic hot water heating. Two biomass boiler technologies including wood pellet and split cord wood systems were considered for each facility. A summary of the costs and benefits for each option are listed in Table ES1. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 3 of 24 Table ES1 Cost and Benefit Summary Option Estimated Capital Cost 1st Year Net Annual Operating Savings Simple Payback, Years 20 Year Net Present Value 20 Year B/C Ratio 1a Klawock Senior Center Wood Pellet System $102,275 $4,168 24.5 (10,626) 0.90 1b Klawock Senior Center Cord Wood System $97,405 $6,500 15.0 37,842 1.39 2a Craig Senior Center Wood Pellet System $131,497 $1,601 82.2 (93,983) 0.29 2b Craig Senior Center Cord Wood System $103,667 $3,182 32.6 (36,461) 0.65 Notes: 1 Net Annual Operating Savings include costs for wood fuel, supplemental fossil fuel, and operation & maintenance (O&M) costs. 2 20 Year Net Present Value takes the present value of the operating savings for each year using a discount rate of 3.0% as published in the Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life Cycle Cost Analysis 2013and the initial capital outlay of the total project cost. A value greater than zero means that savings are greater than expenses over 20 years in the value of todays dollars. 3 20 Year Benefit/Cost (B/C) Ratio is calculated by dividing the present value of net annual operating savings over a 20 year period with a discount rate of 3.0% by the Estimated Capital Cost. A value greater than 1 means the benefits exceed the costs over a 20 year period. 2.0 EXISTING FUEL USAGE & HEATING SYSTEM The Craig and Klawock Senior Centers both use #1 fuel oil fired heating systems. This section gives an overview of the fuel use and descriptions of the heating systems for each facility. 2.1 KLAWOCK SENIOR CENTER The Klawock Senior Center is a 24,980 ft 2 facility housing approximately 30 residents and staff. The facility used approximately 5,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil annually for space heating and domestic hot water heating. Annual expenditures are approximately $20,650 at the current fuel price of $4.13 per gallon. An above ground 1,100 gallon fuel oil tank is used for onsite storage. The boiler room contains two model WTGO 7 Weil McLain hot water boilers firing on #1 fuel oil and rated at 210,000 Btu/hr output and 50 psig. The boilers were installed in 2008 and are in excellent condition. The hot water heating distribution system is a primary secondary piping system with individual zone pumps distributing water throughout the building. Baseboard fin tube radiant heaters provide space heating for rooms. A makeup air handling unit with a hot water coil is used for the kitchen and common area. A digital control system is installed by Delta Controls, however there is no way to interface with the control system without bringing in a service technician with a laptop and appropriate software. Domestic hot water is heated indirectly using the heating boilers and stored in two 120 gallon HTP Superstor tanks. There is potential room in the existing boiler room to locate hot water thermal storage tanks and one wood fired boiler. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 4 of 24 Fuel deliveries for calendar year (CY) 2013 are used for the purposes of load modeling and boiler sizing in this memorandum. The heating degree days for CY 2013 were fairly close to the 30 year average for the region. Thus, CY 2013 weather data from Klawock, Alaska is used with the 5,000 gallon annual fuel oil use for the purposes of load modeling and boiler sizing in this study. Figure 2 shows how the daily average heating demand for the Klawock Senior Center would be expected to vary over the course of a year. During a 24 hr period, the actual load will vary above and below this average value. Peak loads are estimated at 130% of the average load. Peak loads would be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period. Figure 3 Klawock Senior Center Estimated Average Daily Heating Demand for CY 2013 Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided by the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. The model assumes that each person uses 20 gallons of domestic hot water per day for bathing, cooking, laundry, and hand washing. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the average heating demand values shown over a 24 hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 130% of the average demand and would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period. A load duration curve was developed using the daily average heating demand curves. Load duration curves sort the daily average heating demand over the course of a year from highest to lowest and plot it over the number of days to show the annual range of facility heating demand. Figure 4 shows the estimated load duration curve for CY 2013. 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Heating Demand (mmBtu/hr) Estimated Daily Average Heating Demand Estimated Daily Peak Heating Demand Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 5 of 24 Figure 4 Klawock Senior Center Estimated Load Duration Curve for CY 2013 Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided by the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. The model assumes that each person uses 20 gallons per day of domestic hot water. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating demand values shown over a 24 hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 130% of the average demand and would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period. 2.2 CRAIG SENIOR CENTER The Craig Senior Center is a 5,400 ft 2 facility housing 10 residents. The facility used approximately 3,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil annually for space heating and domestic hot water heating. Annual expenditures are approximately $12,390 at the current fuel price of $4.13 per gallon. An above ground 1,000 gallon fuel oil tank is used for onsite storage. The boiler room contains two model P WGO 6 Weil McLain hot water boilers firing on #1 fuel oil and rated at 184,000 Btu/hr output and 50 psig. The boilers were installed in ~2004 and are in good condition. The vent piping shows signs of corrosion from condensation in the flue gas. Return water temperatures should not be below 140°F to the boiler to prevent condensation. This can be accomplished by controlling water distribution temperatures or through the use of a boiler protection valve. The hot water heating distribution system is a primary secondary piping system with individual zone pumps distributing water throughout the building. Baseboard fin tube heaters provide 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 11325374961738597109121133145157169181193205217229241253265277289301313325337349361Heating Demand (mmBtu/hr) Date Estimated Daily Average Heating Demand Estimated Daily Peak Heating Demand Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 6 of 24 space heating for rooms. Thermostats in each room and control valves on the fin tube heaters are the only control for the system. Domestic hot water is heated indirectly using the heating boilers and stored in a Crown Mega Stor tank. There is no room in the existing boiler room to locate a wood fired boiler system or thermal storage tanks. Additionally, space constraints around of the building could provide a challenge for siting a system and onsite fuel storage. Fuel deliveries for calendar year (CY) 2013 are used for the purposes of load modeling and boiler sizing in this memorandum. The heating degree days for CY 2013 were fairly close to 30 year average for the region. Thus, CY 2013 weather data from Klawock, Alaska is used with the 3,000 gallon annual fuel oil use for the purposes of load modeling and boiler sizing in this study. Figure 2 shows how the daily average heating demand for the Craig Senior Center would be expected to vary over the course of a year. During a 24 hr period, the actual load will vary above and below this average value. Peak loads are estimated at 130% of the average load. Peak loads would be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period. Figure 5 Craig Senior Center Estimated Average Daily Heating Demand for CY 2013 Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided by the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the average heating demand values shown over a 24 hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 130% of the average demand and would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period. 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 Heating Demand (mmBtu/hr) Estimated Daily Average Heating Demand Estimated Daily Peak Heating Demand Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 7 of 24 A load duration curve was developed using the daily average heating demand curves. Load duration curves sort the daily average heating demand over the course of a year from highest to lowest and plot it over the number of days to show the annual range of facility heating demand. Figure 4 shows the estimated load duration curve for CY 2013. Figure 6 Craig Senior Center Estimated Load Duration Curve for CY 2013 Note: The daily average heating demand model is based on local weather data and annual fuel usage provided by the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. Actual demand would fluctuate above and below the daily average heating demand values shown over a 24 hr period. The peak demand is estimated as 130% of the average demand and would only be experienced for short durations over a 24 hour period. 3.0 FOREST RESOURCE AND FUEL AVAILABILITY Prince of Wales Island is heavily forested with the majority of the land owned by the US Forest Service and smaller tracts owned by State and private owners. Federal resources on the island are managed by the Tongass Land Management Plan. The most recent version was adopted in 2008. Potential fuel suppliers were contacted for pricing and availability of biomass fuel. Table 1 lists the companies contacted, location, contact information, and fuels available. Table 1 Contacted Fuel Suppliers 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 11325374961738597109121133145157169181193205217229241253265277289301313325337349361Heating Demand (mmBtu/hr) Date Estimated Daily Average Heating Demand Estimated Daily Peak Heating Demand Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 8 of 24 Company Location Phone Fuels Welcome Inn B&B Thorne Bay 907 828 3950 Palletized Split Cordwood Viking Lumber Klawock 907 755 8880 Dry wood chips, Dry Sawdust, Wet Wood Chips, Compressed Bricks Tongass Forest Enterprises Ketchikan 907 617 4542 Wood Pellets The biomass fuels considered for evaluation in this report are wood pellets and split cord wood. Fuel prices used for evaluation are $330 per ton for wood pellets and $250 per 4x 4x 8cord. Table 2 summarizes the available fuels for heating as well as their cost per mmBtu output comparison. Table 2 Fuel Pricing and Cost per mmBtu Fuel, Unit Cost per Unit Input Heating Value, mmBtu per Unit Estimated Boiler Efficiency Boiler Output Heating Value, mmBtu/Unit Boiler Output Heating Cost, $/mmBtu Dry Cord Wood, Cord $250.00 18.1 70% 12.67 $19.73 Wood Pellets, Ton $330.00 15.2 80% 12.16 $27.14 #1 Fuel Oil, Gallon $4.13 0.134 80% 0.1072 $38.53 Note: 1 Assumes 20% moisture content wet basis for cord wood and 18.1 mmBtu per 4x 4x 8cord of Sitka Spruce. 1 2 Input heating value assumes 8% moisture content wet basis for wood pellets with an average High Heating Value of 8,255 Btu/lb of bone dry wood based on a mixture of Sitka Spruce (8,100 Btu/lb) and Western Hemlock (8,410 Btu/lb) 2. 4.0 PROPOSED BIOMASS SYSTEM OPTIONS Options for using high efficiency low emission biomass systems were evaluated for heating the Klawock and Craig Senior Centers. The Klawock Senior Center has space to fit one boiler firing on cord wood or wood pellets and hot water thermal storage in the existing boiler room. The Craig Senior Center does not have any additional space available and would need to locate the new boiler and thermal storage outside in a shed style building or container. This section described the proposed systems in detail. 4.1 KLAWOCK SENIOR CENTER BIOMASS SYSTEM OPTIONS Two high efficiency low emission biomass fired boiler systems are evaluated for interconnection with the existing heating system at the Klawock Senior Center. Option 1a considers a boiler system that would fire on wood pellets. Option 1b considers a boiler system that would fire on cord wood. 1 http://www.alaskawoodheating.com/energy_content.php 2 Avery, Robert B., Funck, James W., & Wilson, Pamela L. (2010).Fuelwood Characteristics of Northwestern Conifers and Hardwoods (updated). Portland, Or.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 9 of 24 4.1.1 Option 1a : 160,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System One advanced combustion wood pellet boiler sized at approximately 0.16 mmBtu/hr of heat output would be combined with approximately 200 gallons of thermal storage to efficiently meet the range of heating needs. The rated operating range of the system would be from ~0.05 to ~0.16 mmBtu/hr with thermal storage allowing short term peaks to be met. The hot water thermal storage would be heated to a preset temperature (typically 195°F or higher) that is higher than distributed for building heat. The thermal storage tank(s) would use a 3 way mixing valve to blend hot water in the tank with colder return water from the senior center to maintain a range of supply water temperatures (160°F 190°F) determined by an outside air temperature reset schedule. The storage would allow the system to meet a 1 hr peak of ~0.18 mmBtu/hr and a 15 minute peak of ~0.26 mmBtu/hr. The storage would also allow the boiler to operate efficiently to provide domestic hot water heating. The storage will hold approximately 88,000 Btu for domestic hot water usage. This allows the pellet boiler to fire for a period of approximately 30 minutes within its efficient firing range to charge the storage.The heat in the storage is then used to provide domestic hot water needs, until the temperature drops to ~140 oF and the system has to fire to charge it once more. The wood pellet boilers, metering bin, expansion tank, valves, fittings, and boiler pump will be installed in the existing boiler room. A fuel storage bin capable of holding 30 tons of wood pellets will be located next to the building to accept bulk deliveries of wood pellets pneumatically or with an auger. Wood pellets will be automatically transferred using a flexible auger or pneumatic hose from the storage bin to a metering bin that feeds the wood pellet boiler. The wood pellet boiler will heat the hot water thermal storage system located in the existing boiler room. The hot water thermal storage will tie in with the existing heating distribution pipes. The existing fuel oil fired heating boilers would remain to supplement the biomass system during periods of maintenance and if the heating demand is outside the range of the biomass system. Appendix A contains a conceptual site plan, floor plan, and schematic for the biomass system. Figure 7 shows the estimated wood pellet system coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 10 of 24 Figure 7 Estimated Wood Pellet System Coverage of Load Duration Curve Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. Potential coverage of 99% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of loads and the use of thermal storage. The system can be used as described in the text to cover approximately 100% of the annual demand. Management of loads, the use of thermal storage, and operations will determine actual biomass coverage. Figure 7 shows 99% biomass coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are shut down for maintenance. This report assumes 95% coverage of fuel oil usage for estimating the potential fuel use and savings for this memorandum. 4.1.2 Option 1b : 100,000 Btu/hr Cord Wood System An advanced combustion unit and hot water boiler capable of firing on seasoned cord wood sized at approximately 100,000 Btu/hr of heat output is evaluated. The boiler would be combined with approximately 500 gallons of thermal storage to efficiently meet the centers range of heating needs. Welcome Inn B&B in Thorne Bay provides half cords stacked and wrapped on a pallet. Deliveries could be coordinated with up to 10 cords delivered at once. A local freight company provides the option to tow a forklift behind the truck for unloading. It is assumed that this 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 11325374961738597109121133145157169181193205217229241253265277289301313325337349361Heat Demand of Boiler Output (mmBtu/hr) Days Biomass Coverage Daily Average Heating Demand Daily Peak Heating Demand Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 11 of 24 option is exercised and a forklift is not included in the budget. A 600 ft 2 cord wood storage building will be constructed across the parking lot of the Klawock Senior Center. This will allow the storage of approximately 15 to 18 cords of wood. The floor will be concrete to allow the use of a pallet jack to roll a half cord at a time from the storage building, across the parking lot, and into a more convenient location in the building to load the boiler. Cord wood systems are manually loaded and operate efficiently while burning hot and fast. Seasoned wood is loaded into the firebox, is lit, and should be operated at high fire. Cord wood boilers can turn downthe heating output by reducing air to the firebox. This causes the wood to smolder and smoke is emitted due to inefficient combustion. If a cord wood system is rated at an average output of 100,000 Btu/hour over 8 hours, most of the heat is generated during the first couple hours and then tapers off over the remaining period. Because of this, hot water thermal storage is crucial for efficient operation. The hot water thermal storage will provide a buffer for the boiler to charge the tank with more heat than is required for the building. The heat stored in the tank will then be used over the course of the day to heat the building. Additionally, the operator should try to gauge how much wood fuel to charge the fire box with based on expected heat load.The firebox will likely not need to be filled to the top if it is operating during the summer for only domestic hot water loads. The hot water thermal storage will hold approximately 240,000 Btu for domestic hot water usage. Two 120 gallon superstore tanks are currently used for domestic hot water storage that can store up to 125,000 Btu of heat total. If the operator lit the boiler in the morning to charge thermal storage system and the existing hot water super store tanks, the boiler would need to be loaded approximately half full. The tanks could then be charged again at the end of the day if needed. If the demand for hot water during the day exceeds what is stored in all of the tanks, the fuel oil system would fire to bridge the gap. The estimated coverage using the cord wood boiler for the Klawock Senior Center is shown in Figure 8. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 12 of 24 Figure 8 Estimated Cord Wood System Coverage of Load Duration Curve Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. Potential coverage of 80% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of loads and the use of thermal storage. Figure 8 shows 80% biomass coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve as the red shaded portion. The existing fuel oil system will supplement the wood chip boiler during peak loads, low loads, and during periods of maintenance. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are shut down for maintenance. This report assumes 80% coverage of fuel oil usage for estimating the potential fuel use and savings for this memorandum. There are currently limited manufacturers who offer an ASME rated cord wood boiler. An open non pressurized system could be utilized with a non ASME rated boiler to heat the system with piping and control modifications. The non ASME rated boiler transfers heat to the existing pressurized system via a heat exchanger. Cost effective heat exchanger design will reduce the temperature that can be delivered on the pressure side of the system by about 5 °F. 4.2 CRAIG SENIOR CENTER BIOMASS SYSTEM OPTIONS Two high efficiency low emission biomass fired boiler systems are evaluated for interconnection with the existing heating system serving the Craig Senior Center. Option 2a 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 11325374961738597109121133145157169181193205217229241253265277289301313325337349361Heat Demand of Boiler Output (mmBtu/hr) Days Biomass Coverage Daily Average Heating Demand Daily Peak Heating Demand Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 13 of 24 considers a boiler system that would fire on wood pellets. Option 2b considers a boiler system that would fire on cord wood. 4.2.1 Option 2a : 110,000 Btu/hr Wood Pellet System One advanced combustion wood pellet boiler sized at approximately 0.11 mmBtu/hr of heat output would be combined with approximately 200 gallons of thermal storage to efficiently meet the range of heating needs. The rated operating range of the system would be from ~0.03 to ~0.11 mmBtu/hr with thermal storage allowing short term peaks to be met. The hot water thermal storage would be heated to a preset temperature (typically 195°F or higher) that is higher than distributed for building heat. The thermal storage tank would use a 3 way mixing valve to blend hot water in the tank with colder return water from the senior center to maintain a range of supply water temperatures (160°F 190°F) determined by an outside air temperature reset schedule. The storage would allow the system to meet a 1 hr peak of ~0.13 mmBtu/hr and a 15 minute peak of ~0.20 mmBtu/hr. The storage would also allow one boiler to operate efficiently to provide domestic hot water heating. The storage will hold approximately 88,000 Btu for domestic hot water usage. This allows one pellet boiler to fire for a period of approximately 50 minutes within its efficient firing range to charge the storage. The heat in the storage is then used to provide domestic hot water needs, until the temperature drops to ~140 oF and the system has to fire to charge it once more. The wood pellet boiler, thermal storage tank, metering bin, expansion tank, valves, fittings, and distribution pumps will be factory installed in a roll off shipping container. The container can vary depending on the manufacturer selected, but can be a roll off shipping container or wood paneled storage box. A fuel storage bin capable of holding 30 tons of wood pellets will be installed for fuel storage. Smaller storage bins could be used, but typical bulk deliveries are made in ~20 ton loads. This can be located adjacent to the building if a portion of the deck is removed or in the front parking lot. Wood pellets will be automatically transferred using a flexible auger or pneumatic hose from the storage bin to a metering bin that feeds the wood pellet boiler. Heating distribution pipes will be installed from the wood pellet heating plant to the existing fuel oil fired boiler plant. The thermal storage system will be located in the existing fuel oil boiler plant and tie in with the existing hot water heating system. The existing fuel oil fired heating boilers would remain to supplement the biomass system during periods of maintenance and if the heating demand is outside the range of the biomass system. Appendix A contains a conceptual site plan, floor plan, and schematic for the biomass system. Figure 9 shows the estimated wood pellet system coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 14 of 24 Figure 9 Estimated Wood Pellet System Coverage of Load Duration Curve Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. Potential coverage of 100% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of loads and the use of thermal storage. Figure 9 shows 100% biomass coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are shut down for maintenance. This report assumes 95% coverage of fuel oil usage for estimating the potential fuel use and savings for this memorandum. 4.2.2 Option 2b : 100,000 Btu/hr Cord Wood System An advanced combustion unit and hot water boiler capable of firing on seasoned cord wood sized at approximately 100,000 Btu/hr of heat output is evaluated. The boiler would be combined with approximately 500 gallons of thermal storage to efficiently meet the centers range of heating needs. This boiler size was chosen because typically it is the smallest boiler offered by manufacturers. The boiler operator would have to take care to charge the firebox based on expected load to ensure that the boiler does not idle and produce excess smoke. 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 11325374961738597109121133145157169181193205217229241253265277289301313325337349361Heat Demand of Boiler Output (mmBtu/hr) Days Biomass Coverage Daily Average Heating Demand Daily Peak Heating Demand Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 15 of 24 The hot water thermal storage will hold approximately 240,000 Btu for domestic hot water usage. One 100 gallon tank is currently used for domestic hot water storage that can store up to 52,000 Btu of heat total. If the operator lit the boiler in the morning to charge the thermal storage system and the existing hot water super store tanks, the boiler would need to be loaded approximately half full. The tanks could then be charged again at the end of the day if needed. If the demand for hot water during the day exceeds what is stored in all of the tanks, the fuel oil system would fire to bridge the gap. The estimated coverage using the cord wood boiler for the Craig Senior Center is shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 Estimated Cord Wood System Coverage of Load Duration Curve Note: The load duration curve model is based on local weather data and annual fuel delivery volumes provided by Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority. Potential coverage of 86% is shown. Actual coverage will depend on management of loads and the use of thermal storage. Figure 10 shows 86% coverage of the FY 2013 load duration curve using the cord wood system. The existing fuel oil system in the boiler room will supplement the cord wood system as needed. Actual coverage will vary depending on weather conditions, peak demands, equipment operation schedules, and periods when the boilers are shut down for maintenance. This report assumes 80% coverage for the cord wood system for estimating the potential fuel use and savings for the Craig Senior Center. 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 11325374961738597109121133145157169181193205217229241253265277289301313325337349361Heat Demand of Boiler Output (mmBtu/hr) Days Biomass Coverage Daily Average Heating Demand Daily Peak Heating Demand Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 16 of 24 5.0 BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS Capital costs are estimated for each option based on recent quotations and bids provided by boiler manufacturers and recent bids for similar projects. These costs include the fuel storage and handling system, biomass combustion unit, boiler, accessory equipment, installation, integration with the existing heating and domestic hot water systems, professional fees, and contingency. The estimated capital costs for each Option are listed in Table 3. Tables showing the detailed cost breakdowns are found in Appendix B. Table 3 Estimated Project Capital Costs Option Estimated Capital Cost 1a Klawock Senior Center Wood Pellet System $102,275 1b Klawock Senior Center Cord Wood System $97,405 2a Craig Senior Center Wood Pellet System $131,497 2b Craig Senior Center Cord Wood System $103,667 It is assumed that existing staff would coordinate deliveries, empty ash bins, and check on the system. Ash removal costs have been estimated at $70 per ton of ash and $220 per container delivery. Option 1b would generate the largest quantity of ash and would result in approximately 3 cubic yards annually. Wood ash can be used as a direct replacement for lime and costs for removal could be reduced if it is used as a soil amendment on school grounds or other locations. An increase in electricity use would occur from the circulation pumps and fuel handling system. Electricity costs using a price of $0.1272/ kWh have been estimated considering motors for pumps, augers, and fans for the wood pellet system and motors for pumps and fans for the cord wood system. Annual operation and maintenance (O&M) costs are estimated for each option and are listed in Table 4. Table 4 Estimated Annual O&M Costs Task Option 1a Option 1b Option 2a Option 2b Electricity $350 $180 $360 $180 Ash Removal $240 $340 $230 $300 Annual Service $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 Totals $1,590 $1,520 $1,590 $1,480 Note: 1 Electricity costs are estimated at $0.1272/kWh as provided by Tlingit Haida Regional housing Authority. 2 Ash removal costs are estimated at $70/ton and $220 per container delivery. Ash generation is estimated at 0.5% by weight for wood pellets and 4% by weight for cord wood. Ash is a valuable product that can be used a soil amendment and costs for removal could be mitigated if used as such. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 17 of 24 Annual operating savings are estimated considering fuel costs and O&M costs. Table 5 shows the estimated annual operating savings for each option. Table 5 Estimated Annual Operating Savings Option Current Annual Fuel Oil Cost Estimated Annual Biomass Cost Estimated Annual Fuel Oil Cost with Biomass System Estimated Additional Annual O&M Costs Estimated Annual Savings 1a Klawock Senior Center Wood Pellet System $20,650 $13,860 $1,033 $1,590 $4,168 1b Klawock Senior Center Cord Wood System $20,650 $8,500 $4,130 $1,520 $6,500 2a Craig Senior Center Wood Pellet System $12,390 $8,580 $620 $1,590 $1,601 2b Craig Senior Center Cord Wood System $12,390 $5,250 $2,478 $1,480 $3,182 A benefits summary is listed in Table 6 showing the estimated capital cost, 1 st year net operating savings, simple payback, 20 year Net Present Value, and 20 Year Benefits to Cost (B/C) ratio. Table 6 Cost and Benefit Summary Option Estimated Capital Cost 1st Year Net Annual Operating Savings Simple Payback, Years 20 Year Net Present Value 20 Year B/C Ratio 1a Klawock Senior Center Wood Pellet System $102,275 $4,168 24.5 (10,626) 0.90 1b Klawock Senior Center Cord Wood System $97,405 $6,500 15.0 37,842 1.39 2a Craig Senior Center Wood Pellet System $131,497 $1,601 82.2 (93,983) 0.29 2b Craig Senior Center Cord Wood System $103,667 $3,182 32.6 (36,461) 0.65 Notes: 1 Net Annual Operating Savings include costs for wood fuel, supplemental fossil fuel, and operation & maintenance (O&M) costs. 2 20 Year Net Present Value takes the present value of the operating savings for each year using a discount rate of 3.0% as published in the Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life Cycle Cost Analysis 2013and the initial capital outlay of the total project cost. A value greater than zero means that savings are greater than expenses over 20 years in the value of todays dollars. 3 20 Year Benefit/Cost (B/C) Ratio is calculated by dividing the present value of net annual operating savings over a 20 year period with a discount rate of 3.0% by the Estimated Capital Cost. A value greater than 1 means the benefits exceed the costs over a 20 year period. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 18 of 24 A cash flow analysis was completed for financing the projects assuming a 20 year financing term at a 4.0% interest rate. None of the Options had a positive first year cash flow after annual payments. However, Option 1b was very close to breaking even and grant funding or better financing rates could easily make this a positive cash flow project. The detailed analyses are shown in Appendix C. A sensitivity analysis was completed comparing 20 year net present value for each option over a range of annual oil inflation rates and 3.0% for remaining O&M costs. Table 7 shows the results of the 20 year net present value sensitivity analysis. Table 7 20 Year Net Present Value Sensitivity to Oil Inflation Rate Option 20 Year NPV with Oil Inflation at 3.0% Annually 20 Year NPV with Oil Inflation at 3.3% Annually 20 Year NPV with Oil Inflation at 4.0% Annually 20 Year NPV with Oil Inflation at 6.8% Annually 1a Klawock Senior Center Wood Pellet System ($21,353) ($10,626) $15,914 $146,943 1b Klawock Senior Center Cord Wood System $28,614 $37,647 $59,997 $170,338 2a Craig Senior Center Wood Pellet System ($100,419) ($93,983) ($78,059) $559 2b Craig Senior Center Cord Wood System ($41,880) ($36,461) ($23,051) $43,154 Note: Net Present Values are calculated using annual inflation rates of 3% for wood fuel and O&M costs, the inflation rate for oil stated in the table, the initial capital cost, and a discount rate of 3% Table 8 lists the assumptions and values used to develop costs and savings in this study. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 19 of 24 Table 8 Assumptions and Values Used in the Report Item Value and Unit Source Klawock Senior Center annual #1 fuel oil use 5,000 gallons Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Craig Senior Center annual #1 fuel oil use 3,000 gallons Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Option 1a portion of fuel oil replaced 95% WES E&E estimate Option 1b portion of fuel oil replaced 80% WES E&E estimate Option 2a portion of fuel oil replaced 95% WES E&E estimate Option 2b portion of fuel oil replaced 80% WES E&E estimate #1 Fuel oil heat content 134,000 Btu/gal WES E&E assumption Cord wood moisture content wet basis 20% WES E&E assumption Wood pellet moisture content wet basis 8% WES E&E assumption Cord wood high heating value (Sitka Spruce) 18.1 mmBtu/Cord University of Alaska Fairbanks Cooperative Extension Service Wood pellet high heating value 15.2 mmBtu/ton WES E&E assumption #1 Fuel oil boiler efficiency (HHV) 80% WES E&E assumption Cord wood boiler efficiency (HHV) 70% WES E&E assumption Wood pellet boiler efficiency (HHV) 80% WES E&E assumption #1 Fuel oil price $4.13/gallon Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Electricity price $0.1274 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Cord wood price $250.00/Cord Budget quote Wood pellet price $330.00/ton Budget quote Discount rate 3.0% NISTIR 85 3273 28 #1 Fuel oil inflation rate 3.3% WES E&E assumption Wood pellet inflation rate 3.0% WES E&E assumption O&M inflation rate 3.0% WES E&E assumption Cord wood inflation rate 3.0% WES E&E assumption 6.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS This study concludes that the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority can reduce annual operating costs for space heating and domestic hot water heating by installing a high efficiency, low emission wood fired heating system for the Craig and Klawock Senior Centers. The projects will offset approximately 80% to 95% of the fuel oil use depending on the option selected. The Klawock Senior Center has the potential for a cost effective project by using a high efficiency gasification cord wood boiler system and hot water thermal storage. Depending on the rates and structure of the financing, the project has the potential for a positive first year cash flow. The Craig Senior Center has site space constraints that increase the capital costs of the system. Additionally, there is less fuel oil to be offset, making the economics not as attractive. Outside grant funding and low interest loans would improve economics and potentially make a project possible. If 80% of the project costs were secured through grant funding, simple paybacks would range from 5 years for wood pellets to 3 years for cord wood for the Klawock Senior Center and 16.5 years for wood pellets to 6.5 years for cord wood for the Craig Senior Center. Additional benefits that would be provided by a high efficiency, low emission wood fired system include: Purchase of cord wood will immediately impact the local economy since the fuel is currently available in Thorne Bay; Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 20 of 24 Purchase of wood pellets will impact the regional economy, with pellet production currently operational in Ketchikan, AK; Decreased dependence on imported oil by replacing 2,400 to 2,850 gallons of #1 fuel oil at the Craig Senior Center and 4,000 to 4,750 gallons of #1 fuel oil at the Klawock Senior Center with renewable biomass fuel; A hedge against volatility of the fossil fuel market; As the Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority continues to pursue biomass energy options, WES Energy & Environment recommends that the next level of evaluation includes detailed consideration of the following items: Selection of the wood fuel technology most appropriate for each site. Siting of the fuel storage at the Klawock Senior Center. Siting of the biomass plant and fuel storage at the Craig Senior Center. Biomass system capital costs based on detailed site investigations, initial plant layout and design, and direct quotes from manufacturers. Alternative funding sources (low interest loans, grants, and incentives). Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 21 of 24 Source: http://www.woodboilers.com/products/pellet boilers/froling p4 pellet.html 7.0 GENERAL BIOMASS TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION This section describes technologies that can be used for efficiently using wood for space heating and domestic hot water heating. Manufacturers of each technology are available both domestically and abroad. A partial list of manufacturers is provided for technologies and does not constitute an endorsement. Other manufacturers are available and individual investigations should be completed prior to purchase. Local codes and regulations may require modifications or additional components for compliance depending on the system considered. High Efficiency Indoor Wood Pellet Boiler High efficiency indoor wood pellet boilers utilize premium wood pellets as a renewable biomass fuel source for hot water space heating systems. Wood pellets are automatically fed from an adjacent storage hopper into the firebox based on heating demand. Efficiencies can exceed 80% when coupled with a hot water thermal storage system that allows the boiler to operate at high fire to charge the hot water thermal storage tank. Multiple boilers can be operated to increase heating capacity. Equipment costs can vary depending on the heating capacity required. Annual savings can range from $3,000 to $6,000 per year based on a facility using 5,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil per year at current prices. Manual and automatic hopper loading is available. Ash removal is manual. A partial list of manufacturers include ACT Bioenergy, Froling, MESys, Evo World, Windhager, Kedel, and Wood Master. High Efficiency Indoor Cord Wood Boiler High efficiency indoor cordwood boilers utilize split cordwood as a renewable biomass fuel source for hot water space heating systems. Efficiencies can exceed 70% when coupled with a hot water thermal storage system that allows the cordwood boiler to operate at high fire to charge the hot water thermal storage tank. Equipment costs can range from $7,000 to $15,000 plus installation. Annual savings can range from $1,800 to $2,200 per year based on an average building using 1,500 gallons of #1 fuel oil per year at current prices. Manual loading and ash removal are required. A partial list of manufacturers include Wood Gun, Econoburn, Froling, Windhager, and Wood Master. Source: http://www.woodboilers.com/product s/woodboilers/froeling fhg.html Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 22 of 24 Source: http://www.afsenergy.com/Biomass%20Energy.htm Advanced Biomass Combustion Units and Boilers Advanced biomass combustion units and boilers are typically an engineered product capable of firing on wood chips, saw mill residue, wood pellets, and saw dust. Fuel is typically delivered in bulk semi trailer loads and automatically conveyed to the combustion unit. Efficiencies can exceed 70% when coupled with a hot water thermal storage system. Emission controls are typically required to clean up exhaust gasses. Capital costs are high and vary depending on many factors. Annual fuel cost savings can range from $100,000 to $120,000 per year based on a facility using 50,000 gallons of #1 fuel oil per year at current prices. High fuel costs and high fuel usage can potentially make a project feasible. A partial list of manufacturers include Viessman, ACT Bioenergy, Froling, MESys, Evo World, Wood Master, Messersmith Manufacturing, AFS Energy Systems, Solagen, Wellons FEI, and Hurst. Hot Water Thermal Storage System Thermal storage tanks, also known as accumulator tanks or buffer tanks, can raise the efficiency of hot water heating systems firing on wood. Solid fuels burn more efficiently at higher firing rates than at lower rates or idle modes where the fuel smolders, smokes, and wastes energy. Hot water thermal storage allows the solid fuel boiler to fire efficiently at full output to store the heat at elevated temperatures in storage tanks. For optimum operation a mixing valve is installed to blend cold water returning from the facility with hot water stored in the thermal storage tank. Hot water is sent back to the facility at a temperature that is lower than the storage tanks, providing heat storage and a buffer for short periods of high demand. This method of operation reduces smoldering and smoking from inefficient operation, fuel use, creosote buildup, and the need for frequent stoking. Source: http://www.viessmann us.com/en/District_Heating/Products/dhw/Stor age_Tanks.html Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Page 23 of 24 Source: WES Energy & Environment File Photo District Piping Systems It can often be cost effective to connect multiple buildings to one central wood fired heating plant. Long runs of buried piping can be installed cost effectively using pre insulated PEX piping. It is important to use factory injected close cell foam insulation with a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) insulation jacket to prevent the insulation from being compromised from ground water or leaks. Pipe sizes can range from 3/4to 5with roll lengths up to 600 feet. Pipe material costs can be more expensive than traditional iron pipe, however installation costs can be reduced due to longer runs between splices and connections. Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Appendix A Conceptual Drawings SCALE0'WESEE SCALE0'ThermalStorageBiomass BoilerExistingBoilersCord WoodExistingExisitng BuildingWESEE To ExistingHeating SystemBoilerThermalTo LoadTTLegendHeating SystemTTTTWESEE SCALE0'ThermalStorageBiomass BoilerExistingBoilersExistingExisitng BuildingWESEE To ExistingHeating SystemThermalTo LoadTTLegendHeating SystemTTTTCord WoodBoilerWESEE Craig Senior CenterSCALE0'WESEECraig Senior CenterCraig, AK SCALE50'0'25' 50'WESEECraig Senior CenterCraig, AK BoilerMeteringBinCraig Senior CenterSCALE5'0'ThermalWESEECraig Senior CenterCraig, AK To ExistingHeating SystemBoilerThermalStorageTo LoadTTLegendHeating SystemTTTTBoiler RoomBoiler RoomWESEECraig Senior CenterCraig, AK SCALE50'0'25' 50'WESEECraig Senior CenterCraig, AK BoilerCord Wood StorageCraig Senior CenterSCALE5' 0'ThermalWESEECraig Senior CenterCraig, AK To ExistingHeating SystemCord WoodBoilerThermalStorageTo LoadTTLegendHeating SystemTTTTBoiler RoomBoiler RoomWESEECraig Senior CenterCraig, AK Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Appendix B Preliminary Capital Cost Estimates Appendix B Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Line Item Cost One (1)160,000 Btu/hr wood pellet hot water boiler, installed 30,000$ 30 ton storage bin 15,000$ Storage bin site work 5,000$ Thermal storage 200 gal with insulation 7,000$ Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 7,500$ Electrical 4,500$ Mechanical 4,500$ Sub Total 73,500$ Contractor Profit 10% 7,350$ Sub Total 80,850$ Contingency 10% 8,085$ Sub Total 88,935$ Profesional Services 15% 13,340$ Total 102,275$ Notes: 3 Estimate is based on competitive bidding. Option 1a Conceptual Cost Estimate Klawock Senior Center Wood Pellet Boiler System 1 The boiler system is to be installed in the existing boiler room. Pricing is based on a one boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected. 2 Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that minimal engineering is required.) WES Energy & Environment Appendix B Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Line Item Cost One (1)100,000 Btu/hr cord wood boiler, freight, and installed 13,000$ Stick frame storage building with poured concrete floor, 600 ft 2 @ $50/ft 2 30,000$ Thermal storage 500 gal with insulation 9,500$ Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 7,500$ Electrical 5,000$ Mechanical 5,000$ Sub Total 70,000$ Contractor Profit 10% 7,000$ Sub Total 77,000$ Contingency 10% 7,700$ Sub Total 84,700$ Profesional Services 15% 12,705$ Total 97,405$ Notes: 3 Estimate is based on competitive bidding. Option 1b Conceptual Cost Estimate Klawock Senior Center Cord Wood Boiler System 1 The boiler system is to be installed in the existing boiler room. Pricing is based on a one boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected. 2 Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that minimal engineering is required.) WES Energy Environment Appendix B Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Line Item Cost One (1)100,000 Btu/hr wood pellet hot water boiler, containerized 50,000$ 30 ton storage bin 15,000$ Storage bin site work 5,000$ Thermal storage 200 gal with insulation 7,000$ Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 7,500$ Electrical 5,000$ Mechanical 5,000$ Sub Total 94,500$ Contractor Profit 10% 9,450$ Sub Total 103,950$ Contingency 10% 10,395$ Sub Total 114,345$ Profesional Services 15% 17,152$ Total 131,497$ Notes: 3 Estimate is based on competitive bidding. Option 2a Conceptual Cost Estimate Craig Senior Center Wood Pellet Boiler System 1 The boiler system is to be installed in the existing boiler room. Pricing is based on a one boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected. 2 Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that minimal engineering is required.) WES Energy & Environment Appendix B Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Line Item Cost One (1)100,000 Btu/hr cord wood boiler, freight, containerized, and installed 40,000$ Stick frame storage building with poured concrete floor, 200 ft 2 @ $50/ft 2 10,000$ Thermal storage 500 gal with insulation 9,500$ Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 5,000$ Electrical 5,000$ Mechanical 5,000$ Sub Total 74,500$ Contractor Profit 10% 7,450$ Sub Total 81,950$ Contingency 10% 8,195$ Sub Total 90,145$ Profesional Services 15% 13,522$ Total 103,667$ Notes: 3 Estimate is based on competitive bidding. Option 2b Conceptual Cost Estimate Craig Senior Center Cord Wood Boiler System 1 The boiler system is to be installed in the existing boiler room. Pricing is based on a one boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected. 2 Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that minimal engineering is required.) WES Energy & Environment Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Appendix C 20 Year Financing at 4% APR Cash Flow Analysis Biomass Prefeasibility Report Date: September 2, 2014 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority FINAL Prince of Wales Island, Alaska WES Energy & Environment Appendix D Sensitivity Analysis of Estimated Annual Operating Savings to Oil and Biomass Fuel Prices Price of Wood Pellets per Ton Price of Cord Wood per Cord Price of Wood Pellets per Ton Price of Cord Wood per Cord Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 11 Klawock – Senior Center Energy Rating Information Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 12 Klawock – Senior Center AEE Energy Assessment to: Craig Moore, THRHA subject: Energy Assessment project: Klawock Senior Center INTRODUCTION This memorandum presents the findings of an energy assessment of the Klawock Senior Center owned by Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority. The site was visited by Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. of Alaska Energy Engineering LLC on May 20, 2015. The purpose of the trip is: Evaluate the operation of Air Handling Unit AHU-1 Develop an energy monitoring plan for the building systems HEATING SYSTEM Background The building is heated by two fuel oil boilers connected to a primary/secondary hydronic heating distribution system. The boilers have a capacity of 242 MBH each and supply heat to perimeter baseboards, unit heaters, and the coil in air handling unit AHU-1. Assessment Boiler Pumps The distribution system has 5 pumps that circulate water to the building and hot water heaters. Two variable speed pumps—lead/lag—would provide energy savings and require less maintenance. Controls The construction documents and control drawings call for operating the boilers in a lead/lag configuration with monthly switchover. This is not occurring as both boilers were hot and operating on a 70°F day. The control sequences should be fine-tuned and retro-commissioned to ensure the boilers are operating optimally. Recommendation The following are recommended: Revise the controls for optimal lead/lag operation of the boilers Convert the pumps to variable speed when they fail Retro-commission the system Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 2 DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM Background The domestic hot water system consists of two indirect hot water heaters heated by the boilers. Each hot water heater is supplied by a respective hot water pump. The hot water flows through a thermostatic mixing valve that provides anti-scalding protection. Assessment The domestic hot water system is operating properly. Recommendations None AIR HANDLING UNIT AHU-1 Background Air handling unit AHU-1 supplies ventilation and makeup air to the common areas of the building including the lounge, reading room, and dining room. The system supplies constant 100% outside air flow and consists of an outside air damper, filters, heating coil, and supply fan. A DDC control system controls and monitors the system. Assessment Issues The design documents indicate that the system should operate when the kitchen hood exhaust fan is operating or the bypass timer is turned on. The control documents indicate that the system should also operate when the dishwasher hood is turned on. The system appears to be operating independently of the hoods or the bypass timer; the bypass timer could not even be found. It is likely that it is being scheduled on by the DDC system. The operation of the control system could not be assessed because there is no computer terminal interface from which to view the graphical representations of the building and systems and assess their operation. A graphical interface is recommended to make full use of the DDC system investment. The system supplies constant ventilation air which provides makeup air for the kitchen hood when it operates from Monday to Thursday from 7 am to 1 pm. During all other times, the system over-ventilates the building. Energy Efficiency The system supplies 1,700 cfm of air flow. This is much higher than is needed to make-up the kitchen hood (900 cfm) or maintain adequate indoor air quality in the spaces. The air flow can be reduced to 1,200 cfm when the kitchen hood is operating and 500 cfm when it is not. This can be accomplished by installing a variable frequency drive to modulate the fan speed. A life cycle cost comparison determined that the proposed changes will require a $50,000 investment but will offer a life cycle savings of $111,000 over 25-years. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR EEM-1: Optimize AHU-1 System $230 ($6,760) ($6,530)$49,700 $3,800 ($164,000) ($110,500)3.2 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Life Cycle CostsAnnual CostsEnergy Efficiency Measure Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 3 Recommendation The following are recommended: Convert the system to variable speed and modulate its output with kitchen hood operation Revise the controls for optimal operation Retro-commission the system ELECTRICAL ROOM HEAT RECOVERY Description The electrical closet on the 2nd floor has high heat gain from a workstation, two switches and three cable modules. The room was 82°F due to the estimated 250 watt heat gain in the room. Issue The heat can be recovered by installing a wall fan to blow the warm air into the adjacent lobby. Increase the door undercut to provide makeup air and good crossflow through the room. Assessment A life cycle cost analysis determined that installing a wall exhaust fan and makeup air grille will require a $1,800 investment but will offer a life cycle savings of $2,350 over 25-years. CONTROL SYSTEM Background The building has a DDC control system that controls AHU-1, the heating system, the domestic hot water system and zone temperatures in the nearer parts of the building. Assessment The DDC system has a computer user interface that allows staff to monitor the operation of systems. However, the computer workstation is reportedly non-functional and has been disconnected. This significantly limits the value of the DDC system to the operators. Recommendation The following is recommended: Reinstall the DDC software on a functioning computer and reestablish the user interface. PROPOSED MONITORING PLAN Background A building monitoring system can provide operational, energy tracking and research benefits to the Owner. The benefits of each are as follows: Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR EEM-2: Electric Closet Heat Recovery $0 ($147) ($147)$1,800 $0 ($4,150) ($2,350)2.3 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Energy Efficiency Measure Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 4 Operational: The monitoring system provides essential information for determining that the systems are operating properly including pump status, fan status, heating system temperature, ventilation system temperature, domestic hot water temperature, and room temperature. Energy: The monitoring system can provide data on energy use such as building electric demand, heating system energy use, domestic hot water energy use, and energy use of special areas or systems such as kitchens and lighting. Research: The monitoring system provides information useful to future design efforts such as peak heating load, heating system efficiency, domestic hot water load, indoor air quality, and occupancy. Proposed Building Monitoring System A proposed building monitoring system and cost estimate is provided in the following table. The costs are identified for a basic operational monitoring system, options that increase the monitoring capability, and options for gathering energy consumption data. The monitoring system will be installed in the mechanical and boiler rooms. It will send the data to a server for storage and data display via the building’s internet connection or via the local cellular network. The monitoring system will collect data and transmit it via the building’s internet provider or over the cellular internet. Using the cellular internet will require a $10 monthly charge, which can be avoided by using the building’s internet service. The monitoring system uses wireless sensors that transmit the data to the manufacturer’s cloud storage service. The cost for this service is $3-$5 per year per sensor. The collected data can be stored on THRHA’s own Monitoring Website, which will cost $500 to set up and the monthly fees to the web host provider of $9 per month. If only 3-4 building are monitored by THRHA, there is also an option to share a website setup by the data monitoring consultant for no charge. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 5 Basic Option Fixed Cost Travel, per diem, equipment Fixed costs $4,083 Unit Costs General Outdoor temperature Outdoor temperature reference $30 Building electric load, kW Total energy use $1,897 Heating System Boiler B-1 enable Boiler status $364 Boiler B-2 enable Boiler status $364 Boiler pump P-1 enable Boiler pump status $364 Boiler pump P-2 enable Boiler pump status $364 Heating loop pump P-5 enable Heating loop pump status $364 Heating pump P-6 enable Building pump status $364 Heating pump P-7 enable Building pump status $364 Heating supply temperature Confirms heat to building $282 Heating return temp (Pump P-6 loop) Confirms heat to building $282 Heating return temp (Pump P-7 loop) Confirms heat to building $282 Heating flow rate (Pump P-6 loop) Determine heating load $1,345 Heating flow rate (Pump P-7 loop) Determine heating load $1,345 Domestic Hot Water System Hot water maker HWM-1 temp Confirms hot water maker status $282 Hot water maker HWM-2 temp Confirms hot water maker status $282 Hot water supply temperature Confirms TMV operation $282 Domestic hot water flow rate Measures hot water demand $1,114 Cold water makeup temperature Determine hot water load $282 Ventilation System AHU-1 Supply fan enable Fan status $364 Supply air temperature Confirm supply air temperature $282 Totals $6,779 $1,656 $6,547 Proposed Klawock Senior Center Monitoring System Item Intent Operational Energy Use Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 6 SUMMARY The following table summarizes the recommendations and their costs. Recommendations Item Cost Estimate Heating System $13,000 Revise the controls for optimal lead/lag operation of the boilers Retro-commission the system Air Handling Unit AHU-1 $50,000 Convert the system to variable speed Revise the controls for optimal operation Retro-commission the system Electrical Room Heat Recovery $2,000 Install wall fan and Description Control System $17,000 Reinstall the DDC software and reestablish the user interface Total $82,000 Monitoring System Install a basic monitoring system $6,800 Add enhanced monitoring $1,700 Add energy use monitoring 6,500 Total $15,000 by: Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Klawock Senior Center Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5% General Inflation 2% Energy Fuel Oil $/gal (2015) Inflation $/gal (2016) $3.30 5.0% $3.47 Electricity $/kWh (2014)Inflation $/kWh (2012) $0.220 2.5% $0.226 EEM-1: Optimize AHU-1 System Energy Analysis Minimum Outside Air Design w/Kitch Hood wo/Kitch Hood OSA cfm 1,700 1,200 500 People at 15 cfm/ea 113 80 33 Fan Energy Fan Case CFM P , fan BHP , motor kW Hours kWh SF Existing -1,700 1.80 50% -1.0 85% -0.8 5,475 -4,627 w/kitch hood 1,200 1.50 50% 0.6 85% 0.5 1,248 620 wo/kitch hood 500 1.00 50% 0.2 85% 0.1 4,227 584 -0.2 -3,423 Ventilation Energy SA CFM MAT T,room MBH Hours kBtu boiler FO Gallons Existing -1,700 42 70 -51 5,475 -281,459 72% -2,822 w/kitch hood 1,200 42 70 36 1,248 45,287 72% 454 wo/kitch hood 500 42 70 15 4,227 63,912 72% 641 -172,259 -1,727 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install VFD, 2 HP 0 1 ea $6,500 $6,500 Modify controls, programming 0 1 ls $6,000 $6,000 TAB 0 1 ls $2,500 $2,500 Travel and Per Diem 0 2 ls $5,000 $10,000 Commissioning 0 1 ls $3,000 $3,000 Estimating contingency 0 15% $4,200 Overhead & profit 0 30% $9,660 Design fees 0 10% $4,186 Project management 0 8% $3,684 Annual Costs VFD Maintenance 1 - 25 1 ea $225.00 $3,831 Energy Costs Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -1,727 gal $3.47 ($149,638) Electric Energy 1 - 25 -3,423 kWh $0.226 ($14,320) Net Present Worth ($110,400) June 19, 2015 Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Klawock Senior Center June 19, 2015 EEM-2: Electric Closet Heat Recovery Energy Analysis Fuel Oil Watts Hours Factor kBtu boiler Gallons -250 8,760 85% -6,351 72% -64 Electricity Watts dT CFM BHP kW Hours kWh -250 5 150 0.05 0.04 8,760 327 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Wall exhaust fan 0 1 LS $750 $750 Undercut door 0 1 LS $150 $150 Wall grille 0 1 ea $300 $300 Electrical power with thermostat 0 1 ea $600 $600 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 327 kWh $0.226 $1,367 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -64 gal $3.47 ($5,517) Net Present Worth ($2,350) Alaska Energy Engineering LLC CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us June 19, 2015 THRHA Energy Assessments Klawock Senior Center Item Qty Unit Unit Cost Total Control System DDC User Interface Reinstall computer software and restablish the user interface 1 ea $1,000.00 $1,000 Retro-commission 1 ea $2,500.00 $2,500 Travel and per diem 1 ea $5,000.00 $5,000 Training 4 ea $150.00 $600 Contingency 15% $1,365 Overhead and Profit 30% $3,140 Design Fees 10% $1,360 Project costs 8% $1,197 Total $17,000 Heating System Reprogram controls 6 hrs $150.00 $900 Retro-commission 1 ea $1,000.00 $1,000 Travel and per diem 1 ea $5,000.00 $5,000 Training 2 hrs $150.00 $300 Contingency 15% $1,080 Overhead and Profit 30% $2,484 Design Fees 10% $1,076 Project costs 8% $947 Total $13,000 Total $30,000 Page 1 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 13 Saxman – Senior Center AEE Energy Assessment to: Craig Moore, THRHA subject: Energy Assessment project: Saxman Senior Center INTRODUCTION This memorandum presents the findings of an energy assessment of the Saxman Senior Center owned by Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority. The site was visited by Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. of Alaska Energy Engineering LLC on May 19, 2015. The purpose of the trip is: Evaluate the operation of Air Handling Unit AHU-1 Evaluate the operation of the domestic hot water system and air source heat pump HP-1 Evaluate the operation of the radiant heating system and air source heat pump HP-2 Develop an energy monitoring plan for the building systems HEATING SYSTEM Background The building has three separate heating systems. The common spaces with radiant floors are heated by an air source heat pump, the remaining common spaces are heated by electric boilers and the apartments have electric heaters. The radiant floor system consists of an air source heat pump that supplies heating water to three radiant floor manifolds. The system is controlled by a Tekmar controller that enables the heat pump, modulates heating water temperature and flow to the slabs. The electric boiler system consists of two electric boilers and primary pumps that supply hydronic heating water to the building. The boilers are enabled and the pumps are controlled by a Tekmar controller. An integral boiler controller operates the respective boiler when it is enabled. Assessment Boilers The electric boilers are not identical. Their capacities are: Boiler B-1: 30 kW; one 30 kW step Boiler B-2: 45 kW; one 15 kW step and one 30 kW step Two equal size boilers with smaller, multiple steps are recommended to minimize demand charges. The control sequences do not delineate boiler operation to take advantage of the smaller 15 kW step in boiler B-2 during mild weather. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 2 Boiler Pumps The heating pumps are constant speed pumps that are not capable of modulating with heating load. They appear to be significantly oversized for the building heating load. Properly sized variable speed pumps should be installed when the pumps fail. The pump HP-2 starter does not operate the pump when in the starter is in the Hand position. Radiant Heating The control sequences do not include outside air temperature reset that reduces the heating water temperature during warmer weather. This control will improve heat pump efficiency and reduce heat loss. Controls The control sequence specifies lead/lag operation of the boilers but does not specify the necessary parameters to ensure that the lag boiler only operates when needed. The control sequences should be fine-tuned and retro-commissioned to ensure they are operating optimally. Recommendation The following are recommended: Fix the HP-2 starter so the pump operates in Hand position. Revise the radiant heat controls so the heat pump resets the heating supply temperature with outside temperature and the radiant temperature control is set to supply the heating water to the floor loops Convert the pumps to variable speed when they fail. Retro-commission the system. DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM Background The domestic hot water system consists of an air source heat pump HP-1, a buffer tank, an electric hot water heater, and a second buffer tank. The heat pump heats the water in the first buffer tank which flows to the electric tank that keeps it warm until it flows through the second buffer tank to the building. The heat pump evaporator is located outdoors and is protected from wind driven rain and snow. The exhaust air from AHU-1 is discharged behind the units so they can recover the heat for making domestic hot water. Assessment The heat pump was found to be maintaining a buffer tank temperature of 112°F. The setpoint was increased to 120°F so the heat pump supplies the entire pickup load. The electric hot water heater has three 4 kW heating elements but only one heating stage. A staged controller would allow for each element to be step controlled, minimizing demand charges. This is especially appropriate since the tank only keeps the water warm; it does not provide the much larger pickup load. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 3 The purpose of the second buffer tank is to provide storage for surges in use. The tank is poorly applied as it has no heating coil to maintain temperature. It will lose heat through the night, lowering the hot water supply temperature until there is sufficient flow in the morning to reheat the tank with the flow from the electric hot water heater. The buffer tank is not needed since the addition of the heat pump added heating capacity and storage to the domestic hot water system. The buffer tank should be isolated form the system by opening the bypass valve and closing one of the tank valves (leave the other one open to allow thermal contraction as it cools). A thermostatic mixing valve is not installed to protect the residents from scalding. Recommendation The following are recommended: Remove the second buffer tank from the system. Install a thermostatic mixing valve AIR HANDLING UNIT AHU-1 Background Air handling unit AHU-1 supplies ventilation and natural cooling air to the common areas of the building including the lobby, conference room, lounge, dining room, and corridors. The system consists of a return fan, mixing box with outside, return air and exhaust air dampers, filters, heating coil, and supply fan. The system supplies constant airflow. A DDC control system controls and monitors the system. Assessment Issues The AHU appears to be properly installed and maintained. However, the system is not operating properly, indicating that the control system was not set up properly when it was constructed or it is no longer functioning properly. Main issues are: The mixing dampers are fixed in a full recirculation position. This negates the system’s ability to supply ventilation air and naturally cool during warm weather. The AHU heating coil and duct coil are overheating the air. The flow through the coils also continues when the AHU is turned off. It appears that the damper and coil controls are not working as all actuators appear to be in the normal positions. A review of the control sequences reveals that they were poorly derived and are not optimal for Saxman’s climate. Operation of the control system could not be assessed because there is no computer terminal interface from which to view the graphical representations of the building and systems. A graphical interface is recommended to make full use of the DDC system investment. Energy Efficiency The design drawings show a minimum outside air flow of 2,800 cfm. This is much higher than is needed to maintain adequate indoor air quality in the spaces. A minimum outside air flow of 500 cfm is more appropriate. The system has a capacity of 8,300 cfm which is much higher than is needed to ventilate the spaces. Reducing the air flow to 5,000 cfm is more appropriate. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 4 The following are recommended to improve the system’s energy performance: Modify the control sequences to reduce outside air flow Convert the operation to variable speed to reduce fan and heating energy A life cycle cost comparison determined that the proposed changes will require a $63,000 investment but will offer a life cycle savings of $113,000 over 25-years. Optimization of AHU-1 is recommended. Recommendation The following are recommended: Revise the control sequences for optimal control Convert the system to variable speed and reduce outside air flow Retro-commission the system CONTROL SYSTEM Background The building has a combination of a DDC control system and Tekmar controllers. The DDC system controls AHU-1, zone temperatures, and the radiant floor heat pump HP-2. The Tekmar controllers operate the heating system. Assessment The DDC system does not have a computer user interface to allow staff to monitor the operation of AHU-1 and the zone heating controls. This significantly limits the value of the DDC system to the operators. The Tekmar controllers are able to properly control the heating system. However, the mixing of DDC controls and Tekmar controllers adds an unnecessary layer of complexity. Since the DDC system is needed for the AHU, the controls could have been simplified by using the DDC system for all controls, with the added benefit of providing a computer user interface for monitoring the entire mechanical system. Recommendation The following is recommended: Modify the controls as recommended for each system. Establish a computer interface for the control system and train the operators in its use. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR EEM-1: Optimize AHU-1 System $450 ($9,880) ($9,430)$63,100 $7,700 ($183,400) ($112,600)2.8 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Annual Costs Life Cycle CostsEnergy Efficiency Measure Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 5 PROPOSED MONITORING PLAN Background A building monitoring system can provide operational, energy tracking and research benefits to the Owner. The benefits of each are as follows: Operational: The monitoring system provides essential information for determining that the systems are operating properly including pump status, fan status, heating system temperature, ventilation system temperature, domestic hot water temperature, and room temperature. Energy: The monitoring system can provide data on energy use such as building electric demand, heating system energy use, domestic hot water energy use, and energy use of special areas or systems such as kitchens and lighting. Research: The monitoring system provides information useful to future design efforts such as peak heating load, heating system efficiency, domestic hot water load, indoor air quality, and occupancy. Proposed Building Monitoring System A proposed building monitoring system and cost estimate is provided in the following table. The table lists the data points that would be monitored. All of the monitoring equipment would be located in the mechanical rooms or electrical panels. The costs are identified for a basic operations monitoring system, options for a more comprehensive monitoring system, and for adding a capability to monitor energy data. The monitoring system will collect data and transmit it via the building’s internet provider or over the cellular internet. Using the cellular internet will require a $10 monthly charge, which can be avoided by using the building’s internet service. The monitoring system uses wireless sensors that transmit the data to the manufacturer’s cloud storage service. The cost for this service is $3-$5 per year per sensor. The collected data can be stored on THRHA’s own Monitoring Website, which will cost $500 to set up and the monthly fees to the web host provider of $9 per month. If only 3-4 buildings are monitored by THRHA, there is also an option to share a website setup by the data monitoring consultant for no charge. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 6 Basic Option Fixed Cost Travel, per diem, equipment Fixed costs $4,423 Unit Costs General Outdoor temperature Outdoor temperature reference $30 Building electric load, kW Total energy use $1,697 Heating System Boiler B-1 enable Boiler status $364 Boiler B-2 enable Boiler status $364 Boiler pump HP-1 enable Boiler pump status $364 Boiler pump HP-2 enable Boiler pump status $364 Heat pump HP-1 enable Heat pump status $364 Building heating supply temperature Confirms heat to building $282 Building heating return temperature Confirms heat to building $282 Radiant heating supply temperature Conforms heat to radiant floors $282 Radiant heating return temperature Conforms heat to radiant floors $282 Building heating supply flow Determine building heating load $1,345 Radiant heating flow Determine radiant heating load $1,345 Domestic Hot Water System Heat pump HP-2 enable Heat pump status $364 Buffer tank temperature Confirms heat pump operation $282 Hot water supply temperature Confirms hot water availability $282 Domestic hot water flow rate Measures hot water demand $1,114 Cold water makeup temperature Determine hot water load $282 Electric hot water heater energy Determine electric hot water heater energy $1,281 Heat pump energy Determine heat pump energy $1,281 Ventilation System AHU-1 Supply fan enable Fan status $364 Supply air temperature Confirm supply air temperature $282 Totals $6,309 $2,666 $8,345 Operational Energy UseIntentItem Proposed Saxman Senior Center Monitoring System Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 7 COST SUMMARY The following table summarizes the recommendations and their costs. Cost estimates are appended to this memo. Recommendations Item Cost Estimate Heating System $6,000 Fix the HP-2 starter so the pump operates in Hand position. Revise the controls for optimal operation Convert the pumps to variable speed when they fail Retro-commission the system Domestic Hot Water System $8,000 Remove the second buffer tank from the system. Install a thermostatic mixing valve Air Handling Unit AHU-1 $63,000 Revise the control sequences for optimal control Convert the system to variable speed and reduce outside air flow Retro-commission the system Control System $34,000 Establish a computer interface; train the operators in its use Total $111,000 Monitoring System Install a basic monitoring system $ 6,300 Add enhanced monitoring $ 2,700 Add energy use data $ 8,400 Total $ 17,300 by: Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Saxman Senior Center Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5% General Inflation 2% Energy Electricity $/kWh (2015)$/kW (2015)Inflation $/kWh (2012)$/kW (2012) w/ Demand Charges $0.090 $2.91 2.5% $0.092 $2.98 w/o Demand Charges $0.102 - 2.5% $0.105 - EEM-1: Optimize AHU-1 System Energy Analysis Minimum Outside Air Design Proposed OSA cfm 2,800 500 People at 15 cfm/ea 187 33 Fan Energy Fan Case CFM P , fan BHP , motor kW Hours kWh SF Existing -8,300 2.00 50% -5.2 91% -4 5,475 -23,444 Proposed 5,000 1.50 50% 2.4 91% 2 5,475 10,592 RF Existing -5,500 0.75 45% -1.4 89% -1 5,475 -6,619 Proposed 4,500 0.60 45% 0.9 89% 1 5,475 4,332 -3 -15,138 Ventilation Energy SA CFM MAT T,room MBH Hours kBtu boiler kBtu Existing -8,300 60 70 -90 5,475 -490,779 95% -516,609 Proposed 5,000 62 70 43 5,475 236,520 95% 248,968 -254,259 -267,641 Vent kBtu Vent kWh Fan kWh Total kWh Electric Boilers -267,641 -78,441 -15,138 -93,579 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Install VFD, 7.5 HP and 2 HP 0 2 ea $6,500 $13,000 Modify controls, programming 0 1 ls $15,000 $15,000 TAB 0 1 ls $3,500 $3,500 Commissioning 0 1 ls $4,000 $4,000 Estimating contingency 0 15% $5,325 Overhead & profit 0 30% $12,248 Design fees 0 10% $5,307 Project management 0 8% $4,670 Annual Costs VFD Maintenance 1 - 25 2 ea $225.00 $7,662 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 -93,579 kWh $0.105 ($181,523) Electric Demand 1 - 25 -33 kW $2.98 ($1,836) Net Present Worth ($112,600) June 19, 2015 Alaska Energy Engineering LLC CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us June 19, 2015 THRHA Energy Assessments Saxman Senior Center Item Qty Unit Unit Cost Total Control System DDC User Interface DDC Software 1 ea $2,000.00 $2,000 Develop screens: AHU-1, Floor Plans, Local controllers 24 hrs $150.00 $3,600 Programming 1 ea $5,000.00 $5,000 Retro-commission 1 ea $2,500.00 $2,500 Travel and per diem 1 ea $5,000.00 $5,000 Training 4 ea $150.00 $600 Contingency 15% $2,805 Overhead and Profit 30% $6,452 Design Fees 10% $2,796 Project costs 8% $2,460 Total $34,000 Heating System Repair pump HP-2 starter 1 ea $750.00 $750 Reprogram Heat Pump and Tekmar controller 6 hrs $150.00 $900 Retro-commission 1 ea $1,000.00 $1,000 Training 2 hrs $150.00 $300 Contingency 15% $443 Overhead and Profit 30% $1,018 Design Fees 10% $441 Project costs 8% $388 Total $6,000 Domestic Hot Water System Remove 2nd buffer tank 1 ea $1,000.00 $1,000 Install thermostatic mixing valve 1 ea $4,500.00 $4,500 Retro-commission 1 ea $1,000.00 $1,000 Training 2 hrs $150.00 $300 Contingency 15% $1,020 Total $8,000 Total $48,000 Page 1 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 14 Saxman – WESEE Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate THRHA Saxman Multifamily Building 7/30/2015 Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost1 40,000 Btu/hr wood pellet system 2 15,000$ Boiler room addition 3 250 sf 60$ 15,000$ Pellet storage 7,500$ Boiler room equipment 10,000$ Site preparation 10,000$ Thermal storage 60 gal 4,000$ Pex Pipe (1" supply and return) 25 lf 100$ 2,500$ Interconnection to existing boiler room 4 10,000$ Sub Total 74,000$ Contractor Profit 10% 7,400$ Sub Total 81,400$ Contingency 15% 12,210$ Sub Total 93,610$ Professional Services 12% 11,233$ Total 104,843$ Notes: 1 Overhead and bid bond are factored into the estimated item costs and are not broken out. 2 Includes stack, breeching, and controls. 3 Pole construction with minimal HVAC requirements. 4 Cost is prelimary since existing equipment and plumbing have not been evaluated in detail. 5 All costs are installed costs. 6 Geotechnical investigations and surveys have not been conducted. Soil and grade dependent items are subject to large changes in cost pending site investigation. 7 Sizing of the biomass system is based solely on estimated annual fuel usage data listed in AkWarm. Saxman 12 Unit Multifamily Building Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate WES Energy & Environment Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 15 Yakutat – Sunrise Apartments AEE Energy Assessment to: Craig Moore, THRHA subject: Energy Assessment project: Yakutat Sunrise Apartments INTRODUCTION This memorandum presents the findings of an energy assessment of the Yakutat Sunrise Apartments owned by Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority. The site was visited by Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. of Alaska Energy Engineering LLC on June 9, 2015. The purpose of the trip was: To review and observe the operation of the heating systems and controls. Develop an energy monitoring plan for the building systems HEATING SYSTEM There are two apartment buildings, each with identical heating systems. Background Each building is heated by two fuel oil boilers connected to a primary only hydronic heat distribution system. The boilers have a capacity of 227 MBH each and supply heat to perimeter baseboards, unit heaters, and the indirect hot water heaters. Assessment Each boiler has an aquastat that operates the burner. They are set to identical setpoints because both boilers are needed to meet the peak domestic hot water load. Two hot boilers have twice the jacket losses, resulting in a hot boiler room. Recommendation None DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM Background The domestic hot water system consists of two indirect hot water heaters heated by the boilers. A hot water pump supplies both heaters. The internal tank thermostat turns on the pump and opens a control valve to allow hydronic flow to the coil. A hot water recirculation pump maintains flow through the building mains. There is no thermostatic mixing valve. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 2 Assessment The hot water tanks are 80 gallons each with an effective capacity of 112 gallons. This is insufficient storage for the number of apartments which is why both boilers are needed to provide sufficient recovery to meet the hot water demand. A larger storage capacity would allow one boiler to supply the hot water load. Installing an additional hot water tank to increase storage would allow one boiler to be turned off for 9-months of the year. Space for the new tank could be created by removing the daytank and glycol tank and connecting the fuel oil piping directly to the boilers with a Tigerloop. A life cycle cost analysis determined that this option does not offer a life cycle savings. Recommendations Adding additional hot water storage does not offer sufficient life cycle savings. Installation is not recommended. Install a thermostatic mixing valve in each boiler room. BOILER ROOM HEAT RECOVERY Description The boiler rooms have heat gain from the boilers and equipment, causing the boiler room temperature to exceed 85°F. A domestic hot water heat pump that recovers boiler room heat to preheat the hot water will utilize the heat. It will also increase hot water storage and recovery so that one of the boilers to be turned off for 9-months of the year. Assessment A life cycle cost analysis determined that installing a domestic hot water heat pump in each boiler room does not offer a life cycle savings. Recommendations The domestic hot water heat pump provides little savings because of the high cost of electricity to operate it. Installation is not recommended. PROPOSED MONITORING PLAN Background A building monitoring system can provide operational, energy tracking and research benefits to the Owner. The benefits of each are as follows: Operational: The monitoring system provides essential information for determining that the systems are operating properly including pump status, fan status, heating system temperature, ventilation system temperature, domestic hot water temperature, and room temperature. Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR EEM-1: Increase HW Storage $0 ($1,307) ($1,307)$37,700 $0 ($28,924)$8,776 0.8 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Energy Efficiency Measure Annual Costs Life Cycle Costs Operating Energy Total Investment Operating Energy Total SIR EEM-2: Domestic Hot Water Heat Pump $400 ($1,590) ($1,190)$40,300 $6,811 ($40,493)$6,618 0.8 Note: Negative values, in parenthesis, represent savings. Life Cycle CostsAnnual CostsEnergy Efficiency Measure Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 3 Energy: The monitoring system can provide data on energy use such as building electric demand, heating system energy use, domestic hot water energy use, and energy use of special areas or systems such as kitchens and lighting. Research: The monitoring system provides information useful to future design efforts such as peak heating load, heating system efficiency, domestic hot water load, indoor air quality, and occupancy. Proposed Building Monitoring System A proposed building monitoring system for both buildings, with cost estimate, is provided in the following table. The costs are identified for a basic operational monitoring system, options that increase the monitoring capability, and options for gathering energy consumption data. The monitoring system will be installed in the mechanical and boiler rooms.The monitoring system will collect data and transmit it via the building’s internet provider or over the cellular internet. Using the cellular internet will require a $10 monthly charge, which can be avoided by using the building’s internet service. The monitoring system uses wireless sensors that transmit the data to the manufacturer’s cloud storage service. The cost for this service is $3-$5 per year per sensor. The collected data can be stored on THRHA’s own Monitoring Website, which will cost $500 to set up and the monthly fees to the web host provider of $9 per month. If only 3-4 building are monitored by THRHA, there is also an option to share a website setup by the data monitoring consultant for no charge. Basic Option Fixed Cost Travel, per diem, equipment Fixed costs $6,380 Unit Costs General Outdoor temperature Outdoor temperature reference $30 Building electric load, kW Total energy use $3,794 Heating System Oil boiler B-1 supply temp Boiler status $728 Oil boiler B-2 supply temp Boiler status $728 Building pump P-1 enable Building pump status $728 Building pump P-2 enable Building pump status $728 Building heating supply temperature Confirms heat to building $564 Building heating return temperature Confirms heat to building $564 Building heating supply flow Determine building heating load $2,690 Building Domestic Hot Water System Hot water heater supply temp Hot water heater status $564 Hot water supply temp Confirms mixing valve operation $564 Hot water flow rate Measures hot water demand $2,228 Cold water makeup temperature Determine hot water load $564 Totals for Two Buildings $9,030 $564 $9,276 Proposed Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Monitoring System Item Intent Operational Energy Use Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 4 SUMMARY The following table summarizes the recommendations and their costs. Recommendations Item Cost Estimate Domestic Hot Water System $19,000 Install a thermostatic mixing valve in each building Commission the valve Monitoring System Install a basic monitoring system $9,000 Add enhanced monitoring $600 Add energy use monitoring 9,300 Total $18,900 by: Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Basis Economic Study Period (years) 25 Nominal Discount Rate 5% General Inflation 2% Energy Fuel oil $/gallon (2015) Inflation $/ton (2016) $4.90 4.0% $5.10 Electricity $/kWh (2015)Inflation $/kWh (2016) $0.500 2.5% $0.513 EEM-2: Domestic Hot Water Heat Pump Energy Analysis Turn Lag Boiler Off (9 months) Input, MBH Jacket Loss MBH Hours Loss, kBtu Factor Recovery, kBtu boiler Gallons 526 -1.0% -5 6,480 -34,104 75% -25,578 72% -257 Heat Recovery Input, MBH Jacket Loss MBH Hours Loss, kBtu Factor Recovery, kBtu boiler Gallons 526 -1.0% -5 8,760 -46,104 75% -34,578 72% -347 Electricity Heat Pump Energy Recovery, kBtu COP kWh HP Heat, kBtu -34,578 3.5 2,895 9,879 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Domestic hot water heat pump 0 2 LS $4,000 $8,000 Plumbing 0 2 LS $4,000 $8,000 Remove daytank, repipe fuel oil with Tigerloop 0 2 LS $1,500 $3,000 Travel and per diem 0 2 LS $5,000 $10,000 Electrical power 0 2 ea $1,000 $2,000 Overhead and profit 30% $9,300 Annual Costs Heat pump maintenance 1 - 25 2 LS $200.00 $6,811 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 2,895 kWh $0.513 $27,532 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -603.3 gallons $5.10 ($68,026) Net Present Worth $6,617 June 19, 2015 Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Energy and Life Cycle Cost Analysis 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Yakutat Sunrise Apartments June 19, 2015 EEM-1:Increase HW Storage Energy Analysis Turn Lag Boiler Off (9 months) Input, MBH Jacket Loss MBH Hours Loss, kBtu Factor Recovery, kBtu boiler Gallons 526 -1.0% -5 6,480 -34,104 75% -25,578 72% -257 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Year Qty Unit Base Cost Year 0 Cost Construction Costs Indirect hot water heater 0 2 LS $4,000 $8,000 Travel and per diem 0 2 LS $5,000 $10,000 Plumbing 0 2 LS $3,000 $6,000 Remove daytank, repipe fuel oil with Tigerloop 0 2 LS $1,500 $3,000 Electrical power 0 2 ea $1,000 $2,000 Overhead and profit 30% $8,700 Energy Costs Electric Energy 1 - 25 0 kWh $0.513 $0 Fuel Oil 1 - 25 -256.5 gallons $5.10 ($28,924) Net Present Worth $8,776 Alaska Energy Engineering LLC CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us June 19, 2015 THRHA Energy Assessments Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Item Qty Unit Unit Cost Total Domestic Hot Water System Install thermostatic mixing valve 2 ea $4,500.00 $9,000 Travel and per diem 1 ea $5,000.00 $5,000 Commission 2 ea $750.00 $1,500 Training 2 hrs $150.00 $300 Contingency 15% $2,370 Total $19,000 Page 1 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 16 Yakutat – WESEE Biomass System Conceptual Cost Estimate THRHA Yakutat Sunrise Apartments 7/30/2015 Line Item Cost One (1)175,000 Btu/hr wood pellet hot water boiler, installed 35,000$ Bulk Storage Bin 10,000$ Stick frame storage building with poured concrete floor, 400 ft 2 @ $50/ft 2 20,000$ Thermal storage 250 gal with insulation 7,000$ Interconnection piping (100 linear feet of 2" preinsulated PEX) 20,000$ Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 7,500$ Electrical 4,500$ Mechanical 4,500$ Sub Total 108,500$ Contractor Profit 10% 10,850$ Sub Total 119,350$ Contingency 10% 11,935$ Sub Total 131,285$ Profesional Services 15% 19,693$ Total 150,978$ Notes: 3 Estimate is based on competitive bidding. Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Wood Pellet System Conceptual Cost Estimate 1 The boiler system is to be installed in the existing boiler room. Pricing is based on a one boiler solution. 2 Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that WES Energy & Environment THRHA Yakutat Sunrise Apartments 7/30/2015 Line Item Cost One (1)140,000 Btu/hr cord wood boiler, freight, and installed 15,000$ Stick frame storage building with poured concrete floor, 800 ft 2 @ $50/ft 2 40,000$ Thermal storage 550 gal with insulation 10,000$ Interconnection with existing boiler room, pumps, installation 7,500$ Interconnection piping (100 linear feet of 2" preinsulated PEX) 20,000$ Electrical 5,000$ Mechanical 5,000$ Sub Total 102,500$ Contractor Profit 10% 10,250$ Sub Total 112,750$ Contingency 10% 11,275$ Sub Total 124,025$ Profesional Services 15% 18,604$ Total 142,629$ Notes: 3 Estimate is based on competitive bidding. Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Cord Wood System Conceptual Cost Estimate 1 The boiler system is to be installed in the existing boiler room. Pricing is based on a one boiler solution. There are multiple manufacturers that can provide varying boiler sizes. Other boiler sizing combinations to meet a similar output range may also be selected. 2 Professional Services includes permitting, legal, engineering, & project management. (Assumed that minimal engineering is required.) WES Energy & Environment Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 17 Yakutat – Senior Center AEE Energy Assessment to: Craig Moore, THRHA subject: Energy Assessment project: Yakutat Senior Center INTRODUCTION This memorandum presents the findings of an energy assessment of the Yakutat Senior Center owned by Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority. The site was visited by Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. of Alaska Energy Engineering LLC on June 8-9, 2015. The purpose of the trip was: Assess the design and operation of the heating and ventilation systems and controls. Develop an energy monitoring plan for the building systems HEATING SYSTEM Background The building is heated by a cordwood boiler (lead) and an oil fired boiler (lag). The wood boiler was off and the oil boiler was heating the building during the site visit. This is in accordance with the plan to operate the wood pellet boiler during the heating season and the oil boiler during warmer weather when firing the wood boiler generates more heat than the building can use. A primary/secondary pumping system distributes heating water to the building. Assessment Configuration: The heating water from the wood and oil boilers flows through the heating storage tanks to the building. While this arrangement adds thermal mass, it does not allow the boiler flow to circulate through the tank and directly back to the boilers. This has been a problematic arrangement as the boilers must completely heat the tanks before delivering heat to the building or hot water heater. Also, the boiler controls would be more effective if the boiler water circulated directly between the tanks and the boilers. A preferred arrangement is to locate the heating tanks between the boilers and the building loop so both loops flow through the tank. A preferred piping schematic is attached at the end of this report. Oil Boiler: The combustion air duct brings outside air to the boiler burn chamber. The duct has an opening into the boiler room. The manufacturer’s representative confirmed that this is a preferred installation as it ensures air flow to the boiler if the intake freezes. It also allows the boiler to draw air from the warmer boiler room, improving combustion efficiency. The boiler has an electronic aquastat. The settings could not be determined. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 2 Heating Storage Tanks: The heating storage tanks should have bypasses so they can be individually isolated for repairs. The storage tanks have 1-1/2” of fiberglass insulation but have considerable heat loss. Adding more insulation will decrease losses and cool the boiler room. Recommendation The following are recommended: Install bypass piping and valves around the heating storage tanks per the attached diagram. Add more insulation to the hot water storage tanks. Commission the system during both the summer and heating seasons to assure stable operation under varying loads. DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM Background Building: The hot water system consists of an indirect hot water heater heated by the boilers, a thermostatic mixing valve, and a hot water recirculation pump that maintains hot water temperature in the piping to the apartments. Kitchen: The kitchen has an electric hot water heater with thermostatic mixing valve. Assessment The building hot water heater is connected improperly to the hydronic heating system. In the current configuration heating return water from the building is being supplied to the heater. This cooler water reduces the recovery capacity of the hot water tank. The current arrangement can also allow the flow to recirculate through the hot water heater without being reheated by a boiler. The thermostatic mixing valve is not supplying constant temperature water to the building. Recommendation The following are recommended: Reconfigure the heating supply piping to the hot water tank per the attached piping diagram Commission the system and thermostatic mixing valve HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATORS HRV-1 AND HRV-2 Background Heat recovery ventilators HRV-1 and HRV-2 supply common areas in the core of the building. HRV-1 supplies 420 cfm and HRV-2 supplies 650 cfm. A heating coil is installed in the combined outside air duct to each unit to provide frost protection for the heat recovery core and heating of the supply air. The controller is set at 45°F. A controller in the outside air operates the circulation pump whenever the outside temperature drops below 35°F to protect against freezing the coil. The units are controlled from separate wall-mounted controllers. Each controller is operated manually and has an On-Low-High switch and humidity controller. In the low position, the fan operates on low but increases to high if humidity levels exceed the setpoint. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 3 Assessment Issues The building occupancy is very light so the units are supplying more ventilation air than is needed for adequate indoor air quality. Operating the units on low speed will reduce ventilation energy. The unit drains are not piped to a suitable discharge point. Recommendation The following are recommended: Operate the units on low speed Connect to the equipment drains and route to a suitable discharge point Commission the system MAKEUP AIR UNIT Background The makeup air unit supplies air to the kitchen to make-up the air exhausted up the kitchen hood. The unit operates when the kitchen hood operates. Assessment Issues The supply air temperature was set to 63°F which was reported to be too cold, causing the kitchen temperature to drop. The setpoint was increased to 68°F. Recommendation The following are recommended: Commission the system MISCELLANEOUS Background The following miscellaneous issues were observed: The Owner elected to install electric kitchen cooking appliances and hot water heater. Propane equipment would have lower energy costs. The heating and plumbing piping is not labeled. The motor starters are not labeled and the circuits are not identified. The electric panel schedules are not accurate. The heating piping does not have air vents at the high points. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 4 PROPOSED MONITORING PLAN Background A building monitoring system can provide operational, energy tracking and research benefits to the Owner. The benefits of each are as follows: Operational: The monitoring system provides essential information for determining that the systems are operating properly including pump status, fan status, heating system temperature, ventilation system temperature, domestic hot water temperature, and room temperature. Energy: The monitoring system can provide data on energy use such as building electric demand, heating system energy use, domestic hot water energy use, and energy use of special areas or systems such as kitchens and lighting. Research: The monitoring system provides information useful to future design efforts such as peak heating load, heating system efficiency, domestic hot water load, indoor air quality, and occupancy. Proposed Building Monitoring System A proposed building monitoring system and cost estimate is provided in the table at the end of this report. The table lists the data points that would be monitored. All of the monitoring equipment would be located in the mechanical rooms or electrical panels. The costs are identified for a basic operations monitoring system, options for a more comprehensive monitoring system, and for adding a capability to monitor energy data. The monitoring system will collect data and transmit it via the building’s internet provider or over the cellular internet. Using the cellular internet will require a $10 monthly charge, which can be avoided by using the building’s internet service. The monitoring system uses wireless sensors that transmit the data to the manufacturer’s cloud storage service. The cost for this service is $3-$5 per year per sensor. The collected data can be stored on THRHA’s own Monitoring Website, which will cost $500 to set up and the monthly fees to the web host provider of $9 per month. If only 3-4 building are monitored by THRHA, there is also an option to share a website setup by the data monitoring consultant for no charge. The following table summarizes the recommendations and their costs. Cost estimates are appended to this memo. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 5 Basic Option Fixed Cost Travel, per diem, equipment Fixed costs $4,167 Unit Costs General Outdoor temperature Outdoor temperature reference $30 Building electric load, kW Total energy use $1,897 Heating System Wood boiler B-1 enable Boiler status $364 Oil boiler B-2 enable Boiler status $364 Wood boiler B-1 supply temp Boiler status $364 Oil boiler B-2 supply temp Boiler status $364 Wood boiler pump P-7 enable Boiler pump status $364 Heat exchanger pump P-10 enable Boiler pump status $364 Oil boiler pump P-4 enable Boiler pump status $364 Building pump P-1 enable Building pump status $364 Building pump P-2 enable Building pump status $364 Building heating supply temperature Confirms heat to building $282 Building heating return temperature Confirms heat to building $282 Building heating supply flow Determine building heating load $1,345 Building Domestic Hot Water System Hot water heater supply temp Hot water heater status $282 Hot water supply temp Confirms mixing valve operation $282 Hot water flow rate Measures hot water demand $1,114 Cold water makeup temperature Determine hot water load $282 Kitchen Domestic Hot Water System Hot water heater supply temp Hot water heater status $282 Hot water supply temp Confirms mixing valve operation $282 Hot water flow rate Measures hot water demand $837 Heat Recovery Unit HRV-1 Supply fan enable Fan status $364 Exhaust fan enable Fan status $364 Supply air temperature Confirm supply air temperature $302 Heat Recovery Unit HR-2 Supply fan enable Fan status $364 Exhaust fan enable Fan status $364 Supply air temperature Confirm supply air temperature $302 Makeup Air Fan MUA-1 Supply fan enable Fan status $364 Supply air temperature Confirm supply air temperature $302 Totals $8,155 $3,736 $5,475 Proposed Yakutat Senior Center Monitoring System Item Intent Operational Energy Use Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Page 6 COST SUMMARY The following table summarizes the recommendations and their costs. Cost estimates are appended to this memo. Recommendations Item Cost Estimate HVAC Systems Heating System $27,000 Install bypass piping and valves around the heating storage tanks per the attached diagram. Add more insulation to the hot water storage tanks. Commission the system during both the summer and heating seasons Domestic Hot Water System $19,000 Reconfigure the heating supply piping to the hot water tank Commission the system and thermostatic mixing valve Heat Recovery Ventilators HRV-1 and HRV-2 $5,000 Operate the units on low speed Connect to the equipment drains and route to a suitable discharge point Commission the system Makeup Air Unit $2,000 Commission the system Total $53,000 Monitoring System Install a basic monitoring system $ 8,200 Add enhanced monitoring $ 3,700 Add energy use monitoring $ 5,500 Total $ 17,400 by: Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us June 19, 2015 THRHA Energy Assessments Yakutat Senior Center Item Qty Unit Unit Cost Total Heating System Install heating storage tank bypass piping and valves 1 ls $5,000.00 $5,000 Install heating storage tank insulation 1 ls $1,000.00 $1,000 Travel and per diem 1 ea $5,000.00 $5,000 Commissioning 1 ea $4,000.00 $4,000 Contingency 15% $2,250 Overhead and Profit 30% $5,175 Design Fees 10% $2,243 Project costs 8% $1,973 Total $27,000 Hot Water System Relocate hot water heater heating supply connection 1 ls $3,500.00 $3,500 Travel and per diem 1 ea $5,000.00 $5,000 Commission thermostatic mixing valve 1 ea $2,000.00 $2,000 Contingency 15% $1,575 Overhead and Profit 30% $3,623 Design Fees 10% $1,570 Project costs 8% $1,381 Total $19,000 Heat Recovery Units Install equipment drains 2 ea $250.00 $500 Commissioning 2 ea $1,000.00 $2,000 Contingency 15% $375 Overhead and Profit 30% $863 Design Fees 10% $374 Project costs 8% $329 Total $5,000 Makeup Air Unit Commissioning 1 ea $1,000.00 $1,000 Contingency 15% $150 Overhead and Profit 30% $345 Design Fees 10% $150 Project costs 8% $132 Total $2,000 Total $53,000 Page 1 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 18 Yakutat – Senior Center Status Report Date: September 30, 2013 RE: YAKUTAT SENIOR CENTER STATUS REPORT From: Craig Moore, V.P. Planning and Development Development and Construction Management (DCM) STATUS OF PROJECT: YTT held their Grand Opening on August 2, and it was a great success. YTT had partially furnished the common areas for the event. Speeches were conducted under the roof of the Porte Cochiere, tours were held, and YTT served a delicious meal. Final inspections of the building have been completed. Certificate of Occupancy (AHFC form PUR 102) inspection was completed by engineer Fred Monrean and final inspection signed off on 8-28-13. Marquam George has completed energy ratings and PUR 101. The two apartments came it at 5 Star Plus and Six Star. Yakutat Tlingit Tribe has taken full occupancy and management of the Building. Southeast Senior Services (SESS) has started the Senior Lunch Program. Yakutat Senior Center Status Report 9-30-2013 2 Yakutat Senior Center Status Report 9-30-2013 3 Yakutat Senior Center Status Report 9-30-2013 4 Yakutat Senior Center Status Report 9-30-2013 5 Yakutat Senior Center Status Report 9-30-2013 6 Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 19 Lighting Fixture Analysis DOE Tribal Energy Grant SummarySection 4.0AttachmentsAngoon Lighting Fixtures7/30/2015AreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattage perFixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnual ExistingOperating CostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperating HoursAnnual ProposedOperating CostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Kitchens 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 4 3,650 $596 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $527 $69 $800 11.6 1112 Bedroom 1 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 2 3,650 $298 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $263 $34 $400 11.6 553 Bedroom 2 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 2 3,650 $298 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $263 $34 $400 11.6 554 Bedroom 3 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 2 3,650 $298 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $263 $34 $400 11.6 555 Bedroom 4 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 2 3,650 $298 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $263 $34 $400 11.6 556 Exterior150w MetalHalide Wall Pack150.0 2 4,000 $744 80w LED Wall Pack 80 4,000 $397 $347 $460 1.3 560Totals 14 $2,531 $1,977 $554 $2,860 5.2 893Assumes 10 hours per day operating hours for inside lightsAreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattage perFixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnual ExistingOperating CostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperating HoursAnnual ProposedOperating CostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Kitchens 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 4 3,650 $596 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $527 $69 $800 11.6 1112 Bedroom 1 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 2 3,650 $298 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $263 $34 $400 11.6 553 Bedroom 2 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 2 3,650 $298 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $263 $34 $400 11.6 554 Bedroom 3 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 2 3,650 $298 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $263 $34 $400 11.6 555 Exterior150w MetalHalide Wall Pack150.0 2 4,000 $744 80w LED Wall Pack 80 4,000 $397 $347 $460 1.3 560Totals 12 $2,233 $1,714 $519 $2,460 4.7 837Assumes 10 hours per day operating hours for inside lightsAreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattage perFixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnual ExistingOperating CostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperating HoursAnnual ProposedOperating CostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Kitchens 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 6 3,650 $893 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $790 $103 $1,200 11.6 1662 Bedroom 1 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 3 3,650 $447 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $395 $52 $600 11.6 833 Exterior150w MetalHalide Wall Pack150.0 3 4,000 $1,116 80w LED Wall Pack 80 4,000 $595 $521 $690 1.3 840Totals 12 $2,456 $1,781 $676 $2,490 3.7 1,090Assumes 10 hours per day operating hours for inside lightsAreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattage perFixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnual ExistingOperating CostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperating HoursAnnual ProposedOperating CostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Kitchens 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 8 3,650 $1,191 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $1,054 $138 $1,600 11.6 2222 Bedroom 1 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 4 3,650 $596 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $527 $69 $800 11.6 1113 Bedroom 2 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 4 3,650 $596 4' 2 lamp T8 58 3,650 $527 $69 $800 11.6 1114 Exterior150w MetalHalide Wall Pack150.0 4 4,000 $1,488 80w LED Wall Pack 80 4,000 $794 $694 $920 1.3 1,120Totals 20 $3,870 $2,901 $970 $4,120 4.2 1,564Assumes 10 hours per day operating hours for inside lightsDuplex 1Duplex 2TriplexFourplexTlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority DOE Tribal Energy Grant SummarySection 4.0AttachmentsCraig Lighting Fixtures7/30/2015AreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattageper FixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnual ExistingOperating CostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperatingHoursAnnualProposedOperatingCostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Main Corridor 2' 2 lamp t12 41.6 15 5,110 $733 2' 2 lamp t8 33 5,110 $582 $152 $2,250 14.8 6592 Unit 1 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $387 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $342 $45 $1,000 22.4 1943 Unit 2 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $387 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $342 $45 $1,000 22.4 1944 Unit 3 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $387 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $342 $45 $1,000 22.4 1945 Unit 4 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $387 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $342 $45 $1,000 22.4 1946 Unit 5 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $387 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $342 $45 $1,000 22.4 1947 Unit 6 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $387 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $342 $45 $1,000 22.4 1948 Unit 7 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $387 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $342 $45 $1,000 22.4 1949 Unit 8 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $387 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $342 $45 $1,000 22.4 19410 Unit 9 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $387 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $342 $45 $1,000 22.4 19411 Exterior150w MetalHalide WallPack150.0 3 4,000 $41480w LED WallPack80 4,000 $221 $193 $690 3.6 840Totals 63 $4,627 $3,881 $747 $11,940 16.0 3,247Assumes seniors sleep for 10 hours and remaining time lights are onTlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority DOE Tribal Energy Grant SummarySection 4.0AttachmentsJuneau Granite Lighting Fixtures7/30/2015AreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattageperFixtureQuantityExistingOperating HoursAnnualExistingOperating CostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperatingHoursAnnualProposedOperatingCostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Kitchens 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 4 2,920 $85 4' 2 lamp T8 58 2,920 $75 $10 $800 81.9 892 Laundrys 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 2 2,920 $42 4' 2 lamp T8 58 2,920 $37 $5 $400 81.9 443Vanity LightBar60w Incandescent 60.0 8 730 $39 423w CFL 23 730 $15 $24 $120 5.0 2164 Exterior150w Metal HalideWall Pack150.0 8 4,000 $52880w LED WallPack80 4,000 $282 $246 $1,840 7.5 2,240Totals 22 $693 $409 $285 $3,160 11.1 2,589Assumes vanity light is on 2 hours per dayAssumes people work and hours with the lights on are 5 after work and 3 before work for 8 hours totalNOTE: NOT INCLUDED IN REPORT!Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority DOE Tribal Energy Grant SummarySection 4.0AttachmentsJuneau Kanat'a Dey'i Lighting Fixtures7/30/2015AreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattageperFixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnual ExistingOperating CostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperatingHoursAnnualProposedOperating CostAnnualSavingsReplacement CostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Kitchens 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 4 2,920 $85 4' 2 lamp T8 58 2,920 $75 $10 $800 81.9 892 Laundrys 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 2 2,920 $42 4' 2 lamp T8 58 2,920 $37 $5 $400 81.9 443 Vanity Light Bar 60w Incandescent 60.0 8 730 $39 423w CFL 23 730 $15 $24 $120 5.0 2164 Exterior150w Metal HalideWall Pack150.0 2 4,000 $13280w LED WallPack80 4,000 $70 $62 $460 7.5 560Totals 16 $297 $197 $100 $1,780 17.8 909note: Fixture quantity includes both units in the duplex.NOTE: NOT INCLUDED IN REPORT!Kanat'a DeyiTypical Duplex LightingTlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority DOE Tribal Energy Grant SummarySection 4.0AttachmentsHoonah Lighting Fixtures7/30/2015AreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattage perFixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnualExistingOperatingCostReplacement FixtureReplacementWattage perFixtureAnticipatedOperating HoursAnnualProposedOperatingCostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Main Corridor 2' 2 lamp t12 41.6 14 5,110 $1,696 2' x 2' LED 20 5,110 $816 $881 $11,620 13.2 1,5452 Unit 1 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 1943 Unit 2 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 1944 Unit 3 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 1945 Unit 4 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 1946 Unit 5 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 1947 Unit 6 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 1948 Unit 7 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 1949 Unit 8 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 19410 Unit 9 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 19411 Unit 10 4' 2 lamp t13 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t9 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 19412 Unit 11 4' 2 lamp t14 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t10 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 19413 Unit 12 4' 2 lamp t15 65.8 5 5,110 $958 4' 2 lamp t11 58 5,110 $848 $111 $1,000 9.0 19411 Exterior150w MetalHalide WallPack150.0 3 4,000 $1,026 80w LED Wall Pack 80 4,000 $547 $479 $690 1.4 840Totals 77 $14,222 $11,534 $2,688 $24,310 9.0 4,715Assumes seniors sleep for 10 hours and remaining time lights are onTlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority DOE Tribal Energy Grant SummarySection 4.0AttachmentsKasaan Lighting Fixtures7/30/2015Area Number Area Fixture TypeExistingWattageperFixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnualExistingOperatingCostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperatingHoursAnnualProposedOperatingCostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Exterior150w MetalHalide WallPack150.0 2 4,000 $26480w LED WallPack80 4,000 $141 $123 $460 3.7 560Totals 2 $264 $141 $123 $460 3.7 560note: Fixture quantity includes both units in the duplex.KasaanTypical Duplex LightingTlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority DOE Tribal Energy Grant SummarySection 4.0AttachmentsKetchikan Lighting Fixtures7/30/2015AreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattage perFixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnual ExistingOperating CostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperatingHoursAnnualProposedOperatingCostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Exterior150w MetalHalide WallPack150.0 4 4,000 $26480w LED WallPack80 4,000 $141 $123 $920 7.5 1,120Totals 4 $264 $141 $123 $920 7.5 1,120note: Fixture quantity includes both units in the duplex.KetchikanTypical Fourplex LightingTlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority DOE Tribal Energy Grant SummarySection 4.0AttachmentsPetersburg Lighting Fixtures7/30/2015AreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattageper FixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnualExistingOperatingCostReplacementFixtureReplacementWattageAnticipatedOperatingHoursAnnualProposedOperatingCostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings1 Kitchens 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 6 2,920 $92 4' 2 lamp T8 58 2,920 $82 $11 $1,200 112.7 1332 Bedrooms 4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 12 2,920 $184 4' 2 lamp T8 58 2,920 $163 $21 $2,400 112.7 2663Vanity LightBar60w Incandescent 60.0 16 730 $56 423w CFL 23 730 $21 $35 $240 6.9 4324 Exterior150w Metal HalideWall Pack150.0 6 4,000 $28880w LED WallPack80 4,000 $154 $134 $1,380 10.3 1,680Totals 40 $621 $420 $201 $5,220 26.0 2,512Assumes vanity light is on 2 hours per dayAssumes people work and hours with the lights on are 5 after work and 3 before work for 8 hours totalTlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority DOE Tribal Energy Grant SummarySection 4.0AttachmentsYakutat Sunrise Lighting Fixtures7/30/2015AreaNumberArea Fixture TypeExistingWattage perFixtureQuantityExistingOperatingHoursAnnualExistingOperating CostReplacement FixtureReplacementWattage perFixtureAnticipatedOperating HoursAnnualProposedOperatingCostAnnualSavingsReplacementCostPayback,YearskWhSavings111 Unit BottomFloor Rooms4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 30 5,110 $4,741 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $4,193 $548 $6,000 11.0 1,165211 Unit BottomFloor Rooms4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 31 5,110 $4,899 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $4,333 $566 $6,200 11.0 1,20439 Unit Top FloorRooms4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 26 5,110 $4,109 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $3,634 $475 $5,200 11.0 1,01049 Unit BottomFloor Rooms4' 2 lamp t12 65.8 26 5,110 $4,109 4' 2 lamp t8 58 5,110 $3,634 $475 $5,200 11.0 1,0105 Exterior150w MetalHalide Wall Pack150.0 8 4,000 $2,256 80w LED Wall Pack 80 4,000 $1,203 $1,053 $1,840 1.7 2,240Totals 121 $20,114 $16,998 $3,115 $24,440 7.8 6,628Assumes seniors sleep for 10 hours and remaining time lights are onTlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 20 Heat Pump Break Even Summary TlingitHaida Regional Housing AuthorityAir Source Heat PumpBreak Even Analysis SummaryJuly 30, 2015#1 FuelOil, Gallon#2 FuelOil, GallonWoodPellets,TonBio Bricks, Ton(PalletizedUnboxed)Bio Bricks, Ton(PalletizedBoxed), $/TonSeasonedHemlock,Full Cord,$/CordPropane,$/GallonYanMar Propane5kW Heating,$/Propane GallonAngoon No $6.49$736.54$4.42 $7.17Craig Yes $2.41$273.23 $256.15 $256.15 $284.69 $1.64 $2.66Haines Yes$2.50 $273.23$1.64 $2.66Hoonah No$6.18 $677.14$4.07 $6.60Juneau Yes $1.15 $1.19 $130.68$0.78 $1.27Kake Yes $6.07$689.02$4.14 $6.71Kasaan Yes $2.30$261.35$1.57 $2.55Ketchikan Yes $1.15 $1.19 $130.68$0.78 $1.27Klawock Yes $2.30$261.35 $245.02 $245.02 $272.31 $1.57 $2.55Petersburg Yes$0.83$0.55 $0.89Saxman Yes$1.08 $118.80$0.71 $1.16Wrangell Yes $1.05$0.71 $1.16Yakutat No $4.92$558.34$581.76 $3.35 $5.44Notes:1If fuel prices listed in the table are higher than currently being paid, an ASHP is more expensive to operate than the compared fuel.2If fuel prices listed in the table are lower than currently being paid, an ASHP is less expensive to operate than the compared fuel.3Cells highlighted in green are the fuels used in the Currently Installed System.5See individual community tabs for detailed fuel cost comparisons.Fuel Prices that would be equivalent to the cost of using an ASHPCommunityASHP SavingsCompared toCurrently InstalledSystem?4Kake currently generates savings over oil since handling costs are high. Wood pellets are less expensive than an ASHP, however haveadditional delivery/handling issues that are not included.WES Energy & Environmentwww.wesenergyandenvironment.com Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 21 3 BR Single Story – 1,300 Ft2 Dwelling Wood Pellet Stove & Heat Pump Conversion Cost 3 BR Single Story 1,300 ft 2 Dwelling ASHP Conversion Date: 7/30/2015 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost1 Remove and dispose oil boiler and indirect hot water heater 1 1,600$ 1,600$ 18,000 Btu/hr air source heat pump with one indoor head, installed 1 5,000$ 5,000$ Tankless LPG 8 GPM condensing on demand water heater, installed 1 2,500$ 2,500$ Low sone distribution fan and ducting, installed 1 1,000$ 1,000$ Freight 1 1,500$ 1,500$ Sub Total 11,600$ Contractor Profit 10% 1,160$ Sub Total 12,760$ Contingency 15% 1,914$ Total 14,674$ Notes: 1 Assumes that the existing electric service is of sufficient size for the air source heat pump system. 2 Includes only one indoor heating unit fed by the ASHP. 3 Cost assumes that minimal engineering is required and would be provided by the installing contractor. Air Source Heat Pump & Rinnai Water Heater Cost Estimate 4 Electric heaters or fossil fuel backup systems should be used to supplement the ASHP system during periods when the outside temperature is below the operting range of the ASHP system. WES Energy & Environment 3 BR Single Story 1,300 ft 2 Dwelling Wood Pellet Stove Conversion Date: 7/30/2015 Tlingit Haida Regional Housing Authority Line Item Value Units $/Unit Cost1 Remove and dispose oil boiler and indirect hot water heater 16 $100 1,600$ EPA Certified Pellet Stove rated at ~20,000 Btu/hr, installed 1 $3,700 3,700$ Hearth Pad 1 $300 300$ 15' of double wall insulated chimney ($60/foot) 15 $60 900$ Flashing and rain cap 1 $200 200$ Tankless LPG 8 GPM condensing on demand water heater, installed 1 $2,500 2,500$ Low sone distribution fan and ducting, installed 1 $1,000 1,000$ Freight 1 $1,500 1,500$ Sub Total 11,700$ Contractor Profit 10% 1,170$ Sub Total 12,870$ Contingency 15% 1,931$ Total 14,801$ Notes: 1 Assumes 15' of chimney. Side wall venting could reduce chimney size and cost. 3 Cost assumes that minimal engineering is required and would be provided by the installing contractor. Wood Pellet Stove & Rinnai Water Heater Cost Estimate 2 EPA Certified pellet stoves verify that they meet the minimum air emission limits and are typically more efficient. 4 Electric heaters or fossil fuel backup systems should be used to supplement the wood pellet stove system during in case wood pellets become unavailable. WES Energy & Environment Energy Efficiency Audits on DOE Tribal Energy Grant Summary Multifamily Residential Buildings Date: July 30, 2015 THRHA Regional Housing Authority Juneau, Alaska Attachment 22 THRHA Energy Usage Assessment Report to: Craig Moore, THRHA subject: Energy Usage Assessment Report DRAFT project: Energy Assessments INTRODUCTION Energy data has been compiled for Southeast Alaska housing units owned by the Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority (THRHA). This memo summarizes the data and identifies housing units where energy use is relatively high, indicating opportunity to improve the building’s energy performance. Energy use can vary considerably by the size and type of housing unit. Typically, a smaller unit will have fewer occupants and use less energy than a larger unit. Additionally, apartment buildings with entirely separate apartments will have different energy use than a senior center with common spaces and commercial kitchen serving all tenants. For this report, the Energy Use Index (EUI, kBtu/sqft) is calculated and compared to identify units with relatively high energy use. Higher energy use may be due to lifestyle, but it may also indicate an opportunity to invest in energy efficiency measures. ENERGY USE SUMMARY Energy Use Index The EUIs for the buildings covers a wide range from 162 down to 3. Half of the buildings fall in a narrower band of 50-70 EUI. Buildings above this band offer incentive to evaluate their energy performance for opportunities to invest in greater energy efficiency. Buildings below the 50-70 EUI band generally include the following: Senior centers and multi-story apartment buildings that have less heat loss per area Energy efficient buildings such as the Kasaan Duplexes Buildings with wood heating that is not included in the energy use data Buildings with intermittent occupancy Energy Cost Index Buildings with high energy cost indexes are generally located in communities with high fuel and electric costs. The exception is the energy efficient Kasaan Duplexes which have some of the lowest ECIs. Buildings with high EUIs and high ECIs offer the greatest incentive to improve their energy efficiency. Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Draft Page 2 Energy Data The following table shows the energy data sorted from highest to lowest EUI. The complete data showing energy use is attached to the end of this report. S i z e sqft Fuel Oil Electricity Total Fuel Oil Electricity Total Kake Senior Center Kake 7,650 $4.79 $5.41 $10.20 130 32 162 Haines Senior Center Haines 4,824 $3.43 $1.11 $4.55 124 16 140 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4468-4470 Juneau 2,268 $1.94 $1.08 $3.02 72 29 101 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4480-4482 Juneau 2,824 $2.15 $0.77 $2.93 80 20 100 Angoon Triplex 7A 7B 7C Angoon 2,250 $2.65 $2.68 $5.33 72 14 87 Juneau Granite Drive 4063-4067 Juneau 2,694 $1.48 $0.89 $2.37 54 24 78 Wrangell Case Avenue Wrangell 4,160 $1.57 $0.27 $1.84 69 7 76 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4543-4545 Juneau 2,266 $1.60 $0.58 $2.18 59 14 73 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4492-4494 Juneau 2,720 $1.56 $0.46 $2.02 58 11 69 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4481-4483 Juneau 2,266 $1.43 $0.62 $2.05 53 15 68 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8438-8444 Juneau 4,560 $1.69 $0.14 $1.84 63 4 66 Angoon Duplex 1A and 1B Angoon 2,968 $1.97 $2.34 $4.32 54 13 66 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4428-4430 Juneau 2,720 $1.14 $0.87 $2.00 42 23 65 Angoon Duplex 4A and 4B Angoon 2,250 $1.93 $2.30 $4.22 52 12 64 Juneau Granite Drive 4060-4064 Juneau 2,120 $0.20 $2.05 $2.25 7 57 64 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4530-4532 Juneau 2,824 $1.39 $0.48 $1.88 51 12 63 Angoon Duplex 2A and 2B Angoon 2,968 $1.60 $3.34 $4.95 44 18 62 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4503-4505 Juneau 2,266 $1.25 $0.60 $1.85 46 15 61 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4449-4451 Juneau 2,824 $1.29 $0.52 $1.81 48 13 61 Angoon 4-plex 5A 5B 5C 5D Angoon 3,680 $1.84 $1.89 $3.73 50 10 60 Angoon 4-plex 6A 6B 6C 6D Angoon 3,680 $1.84 $1.89 $3.73 50 10 60 Angoon Triplex 9A 9B 9C Angoon 2,250 $1.65 $2.72 $4.37 45 15 59 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4461-4463 Juneau 2,720 $1.34 $0.37 $1.70 49 10 59 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8414-8420 Juneau 4,560 $1.34 $0.34 $1.68 50 8 58 Ketchikan Fairview Ketchikan 3,820 $1.68 $1.68 58 58 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8422-8428 Juneau 4,560 $1.28 $0.36 $1.64 47 9 56 Angoon Duplex 3A and 3B Angoon 2,250 $1.67 $1.69 $3.37 45 9 54 Wrangell Front Street Wrangell 10,400 $0.77 $0.59 $1.37 34 19 53 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8430-8436 Juneau 4,560 $1.11 $0.40 $1.51 41 10 51 Saxman Senior Center Saxman 31,300 $0.34 $0.68 $1.02 16 24 41 Juneau Granite Drive 4039-4043 Juneau 2,694 $0.21 $1.03 $1.24 8 28 36 Yakutat Senior Center Yakutat 4,824 $0.40 $2.55 $2.95 13 18 31 Klawock Senior Center Klawock 24,946 $0.29 $1.18 $1.46 12 17 29 Craig Senior Center Craig 9,944 $0.55 $0.64 $1.19 20 9 29 Juneau Granite Drive 4047-4051 Juneau 2,120 $0.18 $0.82 $1.00 7 21 28 Kasaan Duplex 3A/3B Kasaan 2,880 $1.60 $1.64 26 28 Fireweed Place Juneau 54,323 $0.75 $0.75 27 27 Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Bldg A Yakutat 9,944 $0.53 $1.20 $1.73 17 8 26 Hoonah Senior Center Hoonah 7,650 $4.20 $4.20 24 24 Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Bldg B Yakutat 9,944 $0.53 $0.97 $1.50 17 7 24 Kasaan Duplex 2A/2B Kasaan 2,880 $0.78 $0.87 11 14 Kasaan Duplex 1A/1B Kasaan 2,880 $0.03 $0.11 0 3 E n e r g y C o s t I n d e x (E C I ) $/s q f t E n e r g y U s e I n d e x (E U I ) k B t u /s q f tBuilding N a m e C i t y Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Draft Page 3 BUILDING ENERGY USE COMPARISONS Juneau Kanat’a Deyi Apartments Description The Kanat’a Deyi Apartments consist of 10 similar duplexes. Each duplex has a fuel oil boiler that supplies heat to both apartments. Energy Use and Cost The following table shows the energy consumption of the duplexes. Two of the duplexes (4468- 4470 and 4480-4482) show much higher energy use—both fuel oil and electricity—than the other buildings. An evaluation is recommended to determine if lifestyle choices are contributing to higher energy use or if there is an opportunity to improve the energy performance of these two buildings. Juneau Valley Boulevard Apartments Description The Valley Boulevard Apartments consist of four 4-plexes. Each 4-plex has a fuel oil boiler that supplies heat to all four apartments. Energy Use and Cost One of the building (8438-8444) has higher energy use than the other buildings due to increased fuel oil consumption. An evaluation is recommended to determine if lifestyle choices are contributing to higher energy use or if there is an opportunity to improve the energy performance of this building. S i z e sqft Fuel Oil Electricity Total Fuel Oil Electricity Total Juneau Valley Boulevard 8438-8444 4,560 $1.69 $0.14 $1.84 63 4 66 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8414-8420 4,560 $1.34 $0.34 $1.68 50 8 58 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8422-8428 4,560 $1.28 $0.36 $1.64 47 9 56 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8430-8436 4,560 $1.11 $0.40 $1.51 41 10 51 E n e r g y C o s t I n d e x (E C I ) $/s q f t E n e r g y U s e I n d e x (E U I ) k B t u /s q f tBuilding N a m e S iz e sqft Fuel Oil Electricity Total Fuel Oil Electricity Total Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4468-4470 2,268 $1.94 $1.08 $3.02 72 29 101 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4480-4482 2,824 $2.15 $0.77 $2.93 80 20 100 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4543-4545 2,266 $1.60 $0.58 $2.18 59 14 73 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4492-4494 2,720 $1.56 $0.46 $2.02 58 11 69 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4481-4483 2,266 $1.43 $0.62 $2.05 53 15 68 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4428-4430 2,720 $1.14 $0.87 $2.00 42 23 65 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4530-4532 2,824 $1.39 $0.48 $1.88 51 12 63 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4503-4505 2,266 $1.25 $0.60 $1.85 46 15 61 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4449-4451 2,824 $1.29 $0.52 $1.81 48 13 61 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4461-4463 2,720 $1.34 $0.37 $1.70 49 10 59 E n e r g y C o s t I n d e x (E C I ) $/s q f t E n e r g y U s e I n d e x (E U I ) k B t u /s q f tBuilding N a m e Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Draft Page 4 Angoon Housing Description The Angoon Housing consists of 4 duplexes, two triplex, and two 4-plex apartment buildings. Each building has a fuel oil boiler that supplies heat to the apartments. Energy Use and Cost The buildings have similar EUIs with the exception of Triplex 7A/7B/7C which has considerably higher heating energy use. An evaluation is recommended to determine if lifestyle choices are contributing to higher energy use or if there is an opportunity to improve the energy performance of this building. Occupancy has been more sporadic in Duplex 3A/3B which contributes to its lower EUI. Apartment Buildings (Wrangell, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Kasaan, Yakutat) Description THRHA has apartment buildings located in the following cities: Kasaan Duplexes: The Kasaan Apartments consist of three duplexes. The apartments are primarily heated by wood stoves but also have oil stoves. Energy use for the wood stoves was not available. Hot water is heated by propane instantaneous hot water heaters. Ketchikan Fairview Avenue Housing: Consists of a 4-plex heated by a single oil boiler for all four apartments. Petersburg: Consists of two 6-plex apartment buildings each heated by a single oil boiler for all six apartments. Wrangell Case Avenue Housing: Consists of a triplex heated by a single oil boiler for all three apartments. Wrangell Front Street Housing – SNO Building: The SNO Building consists of six residential and commercial spaces heated by a shared oil boiler. Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Building A: Consists of 9 apartments heated by a shared fuel oil boiler plant. Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Building B: Consists of 11 apartments heated by a shared fuel oil boiler plant. S i z e sqft Fuel Oil Electricity Total Fuel Oil Electricity Total Angoon Triplex 7A 7B 7C Angoon 2,250 $2.65 $2.68 $5.33 72 14 87 Angoon Duplex 1A and 1B Angoon 2,968 $1.97 $2.34 $4.32 54 13 66 Angoon Duplex 4A and 4B Angoon 2,250 $1.93 $2.30 $4.22 52 12 64 Angoon Duplex 2A and 2B Angoon 2,968 $1.60 $3.34 $4.95 44 18 62 Angoon 4-plex 5A 5B 5C 5D Angoon 3,680 $1.84 $1.89 $3.73 50 10 60 Angoon 4-plex 6A 6B 6C 6D Angoon 3,680 $1.84 $1.89 $3.73 50 10 60 Angoon Triplex 9A 9B 9C Angoon 2,250 $1.65 $2.72 $4.37 45 15 59 Angoon Duplex 3A and 3B Angoon 2,250 $1.67 $1.69 $3.37 45 9 54 E n e r g y C o s t I n d e x (E C I ) $/sq f t E n e r g y U s e I n d e x (E U I ) k B t u /s q f tBuilding N a m e C i t y Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Draft Page 5 Energy Use and Cost The Wrangell Case Avenue apartment building has the highest EUI of the group due to relatively higher heating energy consumption. The Ketchikan Fairview and Wrangell Front Street apartments also have relatively high EUIs. An evaluation is recommended to determine if lifestyle choices are contributing to higher energy use or if there is an opportunity to improve the energy performance of these buildings. The Wrangell buildings are heated by fuel oil boilers. Electric heat costs less than fuel oil heat and should be considered for these buildings. Energy use for the Kasaan buildings is relatively low because they are well insulated buildings and the tenants use wood stoves—wood energy data is not included—for heat. The Yakutat Apartment buildings have low EUIs due to low heating energy use. This is likely because the apartments have shared walls, roofs, and floors with adjacent apartments, reducing heat loss. The EUI is similar to Juneau’s Fireweed Place, which is also a multi-story apartment building. Senior Centers (Kake, Haines, Saxman, Yakutat, Craig, Klawock, Fireweed Place, Hoonah) Description Senior Centers are apartment buildings for senior citizens. Each apartment is fully-contained but the building may also have community spaces and/or a commercial kitchen that serves lunches to the tenants as well as other senior community members. The energy data includes the house meter but does not include the apartment or common kitchen meters. Energy Use and Cost The Kake Senior Center has the highest EUI. This is due to a reported fuel oil use that is much higher than expected. The building is undergoing a renovation and expansion that will significantly improve its energy efficiency. The Haines Senior Center has the second highest EUI due to a high heating EUI. An evaluation is recommended to determine why the building has much higher heating energy use. The Saxman Senior Center also has a relatively high EUI. The building was recently replaced, and the new energy data is not included in the data. S i z e sqft Fuel Oil Electricity Total Fuel Oil Electricity Total Wrangell Case Avenue Wrangell 4,160 $1.57 $0.27 $1.84 69 7 76 Ketchikan Fairview Ketchikan 3,820 $1.68 $1.68 58 58 Wrangell Front Street Wrangell 10,400 $0.77 $0.59 $1.37 34 19 53 Kasaan Duplex 3A/3B Kasaan 2,880 $1.60 $1.64 26 28 Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Bldg A Yakutat 9,944 $0.53 $1.20 $1.73 17 8 26 Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Bldg B Yakutat 9,944 $0.53 $0.97 $1.50 17 7 24 Kasaan Duplex 2A/2B Kasaan 2,880 $0.78 $0.87 11 14 Kasaan Duplex 1A/1B Kasaan 2,880 $0.03 $0.11 0 3 E n e r g y C o s t I n d e x (E C I ) $/s q f t E n e r g y U s e I n d e x (E U I ) k B t u /s q f tBuilding N a m e C i t y Alaska Energy Engineering LLC Draft Page 6 The Kake and Hoonah buildings have high electrical ECIs due to high electric costs. Opportunities to reduce electricity consumption will have the greatest impact on energy costs. The Hoonah Senior Center has the lowest EUI because the building is heated with district heat that is not metered or billed. The remaining buildings have similar EUIs. by: Jim Rehfeldt, P.E. S iz e sqft Fuel Oil Electricity Total Fuel Oil Electricity Total Kake Senior Center 7,650 $4.79 $5.41 $10.20 130 32 162 Haines Senior Center 4,824 $3.43 $1.11 $4.55 124 16 140 Saxman Senior Center 31,300 $0.34 $0.68 $1.02 16 24 41 Yakutat Senior Center 4,824 $0.40 $2.55 $2.95 13 18 31 Craig Senior Center 9,944 $0.55 $0.64 $1.19 20 9 29 Klawock Senior Center 24,946 $0.29 $1.18 $1.46 12 17 29 Hoonah Senior Center 7,650 $4.20 $4.20 24 24 E n e r g y U s e I n d e x (E U I ) k B t u /s q f tBuilding N a m e E n e r g y C o s t I n d e x (E C I ) $/s q f t Alaska Energy Engineering LLC 25200 Amalga Harbor Road Tel/Fax: 907.789.1226 Building Energy Data Juneau, Alaska 99801 jim@alaskaenergy.us Tlingit-Haida Regional Housing Authority Energy Cost and Usage Indexes Size sqft Fuel Oil Electricity Total Fuel Oil Electricity Total Kake Senior Center Kake 7,650 $4.79 $5.41 $10.20 130 32 162 Haines Senior Center Haines 4,824 $3.43 $1.11 $4.55 124 16 140 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4468-4470 Juneau 2,268 $1.94 $1.08 $3.02 72 29 101 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4480-4482 Juneau 2,824 $2.15 $0.77 $2.93 80 20 100 Angoon Triplex 7A 7B 7C Angoon 2,250 $2.65 $2.68 $5.33 72 14 87 Juneau Granite Drive 4063-4067 Juneau 2,694 $1.48 $0.89 $2.37 54 24 78 Wrangell Case Avenue Wrangell 4,160 $1.57 $0.27 $1.84 69 7 76 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4543-4545 Juneau 2,266 $1.60 $0.58 $2.18 59 14 73 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4492-4494 Juneau 2,720 $1.56 $0.46 $2.02 58 11 69 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4481-4483 Juneau 2,266 $1.43 $0.62 $2.05 53 15 68 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8438-8444 Juneau 4,560 $1.69 $0.14 $1.84 63 4 66 Angoon Duplex 1A and 1B Angoon 2,968 $1.97 $2.34 $4.32 54 13 66 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4428-4430 Juneau 2,720 $1.14 $0.87 $2.00 42 23 65 Angoon Duplex 4A and 4B Angoon 2,250 $1.93 $2.30 $4.22 52 12 64 Juneau Granite Drive 4060-4064 Juneau 2,120 $0.20 $2.05 $2.25 7 57 64 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4530-4532 Juneau 2,824 $1.39 $0.48 $1.88 51 12 63 Angoon Duplex 2A and 2B Angoon 2,968 $1.60 $3.34 $4.95 44 18 62 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4503-4505 Juneau 2,266 $1.25 $0.60 $1.85 46 15 61 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4449-4451 Juneau 2,824 $1.29 $0.52 $1.81 48 13 61 Angoon 4-plex 5A 5B 5C 5D Angoon 3,680 $1.84 $1.89 $3.73 50 10 60 Angoon 4-plex 6A 6B 6C 6D Angoon 3,680 $1.84 $1.89 $3.73 50 10 60 Angoon Triplex 9A 9B 9C Angoon 2,250 $1.65 $2.72 $4.37 45 15 59 Juneau Kanat'a Deyi 4461-4463 Juneau 2,720 $1.34 $0.37 $1.70 49 10 59 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8414-8420 Juneau 4,560 $1.34 $0.34 $1.68 50 8 58 Ketchikan Fairview Ketchikan 3,820 $1.68 $1.68 58 58 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8422-8428 Juneau 4,560 $1.28 $0.36 $1.64 47 9 56 Angoon Duplex 3A and 3B Angoon 2,250 $1.67 $1.69 $3.37 45 9 54 Wrangell Front Street Wrangell 10,400 $0.77 $0.59 $1.37 34 19 53 Juneau Valley Boulevard 8430-8436 Juneau 4,560 $1.11 $0.40 $1.51 41 10 51 Saxman Senior Center Saxman 31,300 $0.34 $0.68 $1.02 16 24 41 Juneau Granite Drive 4039-4043 Juneau 2,694 $0.21 $1.03 $1.24 8 28 36 Yakutat Senior Center Yakutat 4,824 $0.40 $2.55 $2.95 13 18 31 Klawock Senior Center Klawock 24,946 $0.29 $1.18 $1.46 12 17 29 Craig Senior Center Craig 9,944 $0.55 $0.64 $1.19 20 9 29 Juneau Granite Drive 4047-4051 Juneau 2,120 $0.18 $0.82 $1.00 7 21 28 Kasaan Duplex 3A/3B Kasaan 2,880 $1.60 $1.64 26 28 Fireweed Place Juneau 54,323 $0.75 $0.75 27 27 Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Bldg A Yakutat 9,944 $0.53 $1.20 $1.73 17 8 26 Hoonah Senior Center Hoonah 7,650 $4.20 $4.20 24 24 Yakutat Sunrise Apartments Bldg B Yakutat 9,944 $0.53 $0.97 $1.50 17 7 24 Kasaan Duplex 2A/2B Kasaan 2,880 $0.78 $0.87 11 14 Kasaan Duplex 1A/1B Kasaan 2,880 $0.03 $0.11 0 3 Energy Cost Index (ECI) $/sqft Energy Use Index (EUI) kBtu/sqftBuilding Name City Page 1