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Burro Creek Hydro Feasibility Study Final Report - Nov 2011 - REF Grant 2195400
ȱ ȱ ȱ BURROȱ CREEKȱ HYDROELECTRICȱ FEASIBILITYȱ STUDYȱ ȱ ȱ FINALȱ REPORTȱ ȱ ȱ N OVEMBERȱ 2011ȱ ȱ ȱ PreparedȱForȱ BURROȱCREEKȱHOLDINGS,ȱLLCȱ P.O.ȱȱBOXȱ271ȱ SKAGWAY,ȱALASKAȱ99840ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PreparedBy polarconsult alaska, inc. ȱ and SoutheastStrategies ȱ ȱ ȱ BURROȱCREEKȱHYDROELECTRICȱFEASIBILITYȱSTUDYȱ FINALȱREPORTȱ ȱ NOVEMBERȱ2011ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PREPAREDȱFOR:ȱ BURROȱCREEKȱHOLDINGS,ȱLLCȱ POȱBOXȱ271ȱ SKAGWAY,ȱAKȱ99840ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PREPAREDȱBY:ȱ polarconsult alaska, inc. 1503 West 33rd Avenue, Suite 310 Anchorage, AK 99503ȱ ȱ AND:ȱ ȱ ȱ ͻͲͲͳǡͳʹ ǡͻͻͺʹͶȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ iȱ EXECUTIVEȱSUMMARYȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ Holdings,ȱ LLCȱ (BCH)ȱ receivedȱ aȱ grantȱ fromȱ theȱ Alaskaȱ Energyȱ Authorityȱ inȱ 2009ȱ toȱ performȱ aȱ feasibilityȱ studyȱ ofȱ upgradingȱ theȱ existingȱ 15Ȭkilowattȱ (kW)ȱ runȬofȬriverȱ hydroelectricȱ systemȱ onȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱInȱ 2010,ȱ BCHȱ contractedȱ Southeastȱ Strategiesȱ andȱ Polarconsultȱ Alaska,ȱ Inc.ȱ toȱ prepareȱ aȱ feasibilityȱ studyȱ toȱ evaluateȱ hydroelectricȱ upgradeȱ options,ȱ developȱ estimatedȱ upgradeȱ costs,ȱ andȱ evaluateȱ theȱ marketȱ forȱ theȱ project’sȱ energyȱ inȱ theȱUpperȱLynnȱCanalȱregion.ȱȱThisȱreportȱpresentsȱtheȱfindingsȱofȱtheȱfeasibilityȱstudy.ȱ HydropowerȱResourceȱ Becauseȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ isȱ acrossȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ fromȱ Skagway,ȱ theȱ existingȱ projectȱ producesȱ insufficientȱ energyȱ toȱ justifyȱ anȱ interconnectionȱ withȱ Skagway.ȱȱInstead,ȱ aȱ rangeȱ ofȱ newȱ largerȱ runȬofȬriverȱ projectsȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ wereȱ investigatedȱ inȱ thisȱ study.ȱȱStorageȱ projectsȱ wereȱ alsoȱ considered,ȱ butȱ theȱ topographyȱ ofȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ valleyȱ isȱ notȱ suitableȱ forȱ costȬeffectiveȱ constructionȱ ofȱ reservoirsȱ ofȱ significantȱ capacityȱ forȱ theȱ projectsȱ considered.ȱȱTheȱ runȬofȬriverȱ configurationsȱ consideredȱ inȱ thisȱ studyȱ rangeȱ inȱ installedȱ capacityȱ fromȱ 430ȱ kilowattsȱ upȱ toȱ 7.3ȱ megawattsȱ (MW).ȱȱThisȱ rangeȱ isȱ developedȱ byȱ consideringȱ differentȱ designȱ flowsȱ andȱ differentȱ elevationsȱ forȱ diversionȱ sitesȱ onȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheȱ figureȱ belowȱ showsȱ theȱ locationȱ ofȱ BCHȱ propertyȱrelativeȱtoȱSkagwayȱandȱtheȱdiversionȱsitesȱconsideredȱinȱthisȱstudy.ȱ Projectȱconfigurationsȱwithȱaȱcapacityȱofȱupȱtoȱ2.2ȱMWȱareȱlocatedȱwhollyȱonȱtheȱBCHȱproperty.ȱȱ Projectsȱ withȱ largerȱ capacitiesȱ areȱ partiallyȱ locatedȱ onȱ Federalȱ landȱ upstreamȱ ofȱ BCHȱ property.ȱȱ Allȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ requireȱ aȱ submarineȱ cableȱ fromȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ Skagwayȱ toȱ deliverȱ powerȱ toȱ potentialȱ markets.ȱȱTheȱ mostlyȱ fixedȱ costȱ ofȱ thisȱ submarineȱ cableȱ makesȱ theȱ smallerȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ lessȱ competitiveȱ thanȱ largerȱ configurationsȱ sinceȱ theȱ largerȱ projectsȱ canȱ spreadȱ thisȱ fixedȱ cableȱ costȱ overȱ increasedȱ energyȱ sales.ȱȱThisȱ enablesȱ theȱ largerȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ toȱ beȱ profitableȱ atȱ aȱ lowerȱ $/kWhȱsalesȱprice.ȱ MarketȱForȱEnergyȱ Theȱ marketȱ forȱ energyȱ fromȱ aȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ projectȱ isȱ notȱ wellȱ definedȱ atȱ thisȱ time.ȱȱTheȱ amountȱ andȱ seasonalȱ availabilityȱ ofȱ energyȱ fromȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ doesȱ notȱ meshȱ wellȱ withȱ theȱ needsȱ ofȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ iiȱ existingȱ marketsȱ inȱ theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ region.ȱȱExistingȱ marketsȱ includeȱ Hainesȱ andȱ Skagway,ȱ servedȱ byȱ Alaskaȱ Powerȱ Companyȱ (APC)ȱ (aȱ subsidiaryȱ ofȱ Alaskaȱ Powerȱ andȱ Telephone,ȱInc.ȱȱ(AP&T)),ȱandȱtheȱChilkatȱValleyȱcommunitiesȱservedȱbyȱInsideȱPassageȱElectricȱ Cooperative,ȱInc.ȱȱ(IPEC).ȱȱTheseȱareȱsummarizedȱbelow.ȱ ¾Possibleȱ salesȱ ofȱ upȱ toȱ 240,000ȱ kWhȱ annuallyȱ toȱ IPECȱ forȱ resaleȱ toȱ customersȱ inȱ Klukwanȱ andȱtheȱChilkatȱValleyȱnearȱHaines.ȱȱȱ ¾Possibleȱ salesȱ upȱ toȱ 500,000ȱ kWhȱ annuallyȱ toȱ APCȱ toȱ displaceȱ energyȱ APCȱ currentlyȱ generatesȱ withȱ dieselȱ fuel.ȱȱMostȱ ofȱ theseȱ salesȱ wouldȱ occurȱ inȱ lateȱ winter,ȱ whenȱ APC’sȱ hydroelectricȱfacilitiesȱareȱnotȱoperating,ȱorȱareȱoperatingȱatȱreducedȱcapacity.ȱȱȱ ¾ȱTheȱ Regulatoryȱ Commissionȱ ofȱ Alaskaȱ allowsȱ independentȱ powerȱ producersȱ suchȱ asȱ BCHȱ toȱsellȱpowerȱtoȱbusinessesȱheldȱinȱcommonȱwithoutȱtheȱpowerȱproducerȱhavingȱtoȱbecomeȱaȱ certifiedȱ utility.ȱȱBusinessesȱ heldȱ inȱ commonȱ currentlyȱ useȱ aboutȱ 110,000ȱ kWhȱ ofȱ powerȱ annually.ȱ Byȱ themselves,ȱ theseȱ existingȱ marketsȱ areȱ tooȱ smallȱ toȱ justifyȱ aȱ newȱ projectȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱ Projectedȱ growthȱ trendsȱ inȱ theseȱ marketsȱ areȱ slightlyȱ negative,ȱ andȱ thusȱ notȱ favorableȱ forȱ developmentȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱHowever,ȱ theseȱ marketsȱ mayȱ proveȱ viableȱ inȱ combinationȱ withȱ theȱpotentialȱmarketȱopportunitiesȱdiscussedȱbelow,ȱandȱwarrantȱfutureȱconsideration.ȱ Threeȱ potentialȱ futureȱ marketȱ opportunitiesȱ wereȱ identifiedȱ thatȱ couldȱ beȱ viableȱ market(s)ȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ energy.ȱȱTheseȱ marketsȱ willȱ dependȱ onȱ futureȱ developmentsȱ andȱ warrantȱ continuedȱattention:ȱ ¾ȱ Salesȱ toȱ Yukonȱ Territory.ȱȱTheȱ Yukonȱ Territoryȱ isȱ experiencingȱ aȱ boomȱ inȱ miningȱ activity,ȱ andȱtheȱcrownȱutilityȱ (Yukonȱ Energy)ȱ isȱactivelyȱ seekingȱ additionalȱ capacityȱtoȱ meetȱ miningȱ demand.ȱȱYukonȱEnergyȱwouldȱconsiderȱextendingȱitsȱtransmissionȱlineȱtoȱtheȱU.S.ȱborderȱtoȱ connectȱ withȱ theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ gridȱ ifȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ orȱ otherȱ hydroelectricȱ projectsȱ offerȱ sufficientȱ energyȱ atȱ aȱ suitableȱ price.ȱȱAPC’sȱ existingȱ linesȱ endȱ approximatelyȱ 7ȱ milesȱ fromȱ theȱborder.ȱȱItȱappearsȱBurroȱCreekȱcanȱmeetȱYukonȱEnergy’sȱcriteriaȱforȱaȱlineȱextension.ȱȱȱȱ ¾Salesȱ toȱ APCȱ duringȱ theȱ summerȱ seasonȱ ifȱ APCȱ developsȱ infrastructureȱ toȱ provideȱ shoreȱ powerȱ toȱ cruiseȱ shipsȱ dockedȱ inȱ Skagway.ȱȱȱThisȱ opportunityȱ mayȱ beȱ dependantȱ onȱ theȱ developmentȱ ofȱ additionalȱ hydroelectricȱ powerȱ inȱ theȱ region,ȱ asȱ theȱ combinedȱ outputȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ andȱ theȱ excessȱ powerȱ currentlyȱ availableȱ fromȱ APCȱ wouldȱ notȱ beȱ enoughȱ toȱ meetȱdemandȱfromȱtheȱcruiseȱships.ȱȱȱ ¾SalesȱtoȱAPCȱifȱtheȱPalmerȱminingȱprospectȱnorthȱofȱHainesȱisȱdeveloped.ȱ Servingȱoneȱofȱtheseȱthreeȱfutureȱmarketsȱisȱconsideredȱtheȱbestȱopportunityȱforȱaȱnewȱprojectȱatȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱDevelopmentȱ ofȱ additionalȱ hydropowerȱ resourcesȱ inȱ theȱ regionȱ willȱ stronglyȱ influenceȱwhetherȱdemandȱforȱtheȱfullȬyearȱoutputȱofȱBurroȱCreekȱpowerȱwillȱmaterialize.ȱȱȱ ProjectȱFeasibilityȱ Thisȱ studyȱ identifiedȱ severalȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ thatȱ appearȱ toȱ beȱ compatibleȱ withȱ potentialȱ futureȱ marketsȱ inȱ theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ regionȱ withȱ regardȱ toȱ estimatedȱ energyȱ priceȱ andȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ iiiȱ energyȱ output.ȱȱAtȱ thisȱ time,ȱ theȱ preferredȱ projectȱ configurationȱ isȱ notȱ known,ȱ becauseȱ itȱ willȱ dependȱ onȱ theȱ needȱ forȱ powerȱ fromȱ theȱ marketȱ andȱ furtherȱ studyȱ toȱ betterȱ refineȱ developmentȱ costs.ȱȱTableȱ ESȬ1ȱ summarizesȱ theȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ thatȱ haveȱ promisingȱ estimatedȱ energyȱ pricesȱ andȱ mayȱ reasonablyȱ matchȱ futureȱ marketȱ demand.ȱȱDetailsȱ forȱ allȱ projectȱ configurations,ȱ funding,ȱandȱmarketȱscenariosȱareȱpresentedȱinȱAppendixȱHȱofȱthisȱreport.ȱȱȱ Twoȱ otherȱ majorȱ variablesȱ willȱ influenceȱ theȱ energyȱ salesȱ priceȱ fromȱ aȱ projectȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱ Theseȱvariablesȱareȱ(1)ȱtheȱpotentialȱuseȱofȱgrantȱfundsȱandȱ(2)ȱhowȱmuchȱofȱtheȱproject’sȱoutputȱ willȱ beȱ sold.ȱȱThisȱ studyȱ consideredȱ twoȱ grantȱ fundingȱ scenariosȱ forȱ allȱ projectȱ configurations:ȱȱ noȱ grantȱ funding,ȱ andȱ 50%ȱ grantȱ fundingȱ upȱ toȱ aȱ capȱ ofȱ $8.5ȱ millionȱ inȱ grants.ȱȱThisȱ studyȱ consideredȱ twoȱ energyȱ salesȱ scenarios:ȱȱsaleȱ ofȱ aȱ project’sȱ fullȱ output,ȱ andȱ saleȱ ofȱ onlyȱ 80%ȱ ofȱ aȱ project’sȱpotentialȱoutput.ȱȱTheseȱscenariosȱareȱpresentedȱinȱTableȱESȬ1.ȱȱȱȱ Basedȱ onȱ currentlyȱ availableȱ information,ȱ aȱ connectionȱ toȱ theȱ Canadianȱ powerȱ grid,ȱ and/orȱ developmentȱ ofȱ theȱ mineȱ northȱ ofȱ Hainesȱ couldȱ provideȱ aȱ yearȬroundȱ marketȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ energy.ȱȱAȱ combinationȱ ofȱ existingȱ marketȱ opportunitiesȱ andȱ providingȱ shoreȱ powerȱ toȱ cruiseȱ shipsȱinȱSkagwayȱcouldȱresultȱinȱonlyȱpartialȬyearȱdemandȱforȱBurroȱCreekȱenergy.ȱȱȱ Inȱmarketȱsituationsȱwhereȱ powerȱisȱnotȱsoldȱdirectlyȱtoȱAPC,ȱBurroȱCreekȱwouldȱlikelyȱhaveȱtoȱ payȱ aȱ chargeȱ toȱ APCȱ (calledȱ aȱ “wheeling”ȱ charge)ȱ ofȱ aboutȱ $0.02ȱ perȱ kWhȱ forȱ useȱ ofȱ APC’sȱ electricȱlines.ȱȱThatȱwheelingȱchargeȱisȱfiguredȱintoȱtheȱpowerȱsalesȱratesȱinȱTableȱESȬ1.ȱ OtherȱProposedȱProjectȱinȱtheȱRegionȱ Severalȱ futureȱ hydroelectricȱ projectsȱ areȱ underȱ considerationȱ inȱ theȱ Haines/Skagwayȱ area.ȱȱ Connellyȱ Lakeȱ isȱ aȱ storageȱ facilityȱ nearȱ Hainesȱ withȱ aȱ 10ȱ toȱ 15ȱ MWȱ capacityȱ potential.ȱȱThatȱ projectȱ couldȱ beȱ completedȱ byȱ 2016.ȱȱSchubeeȱ Lakeȱ isȱ aȱ storageȱ facilityȱ acrossȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ fromȱ Hainesȱ withȱ aȱ 3ȱ toȱ 5ȱ MWȱ potentialȱ capacity,ȱ whichȱ couldȱ beȱ completedȱbyȱ 2019.ȱȱItȱ isȱlikelyȱ thatȱ onlyȱ oneȱ ofȱ thoseȱ twoȱ facilitiesȱ willȱ beȱ built.ȱȱAȱ smallerȱ runȬofȬriverȱ systemȱ atȱWalkerȱ Lakeȱ nearȱ Hainesȱ hasȱ beenȱ considered,ȱ butȱ itsȱ 1ȱ MWȱ capacityȱ potentialȱ mayȱ notȱ warrantȱ development.ȱȱ AnyȱofȱtheseȱfacilitiesȱwillȱhelpȱcreateȱtheȱadditionalȱsystemȱcapacityȱneededȱforȱAPCȱtoȱdevelopȱ shoresideȱ electricalȱ connectionsȱ forȱ cruiseȱ shipsȱ inȱ Skagway,ȱ thusȱ creatingȱ aȱ marketȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱpowerȱinȱtheȱsummerȱseason.ȱ Nearȱ Skagway,ȱ aȱ 25ȱ toȱ 50ȱ MWȱ potentialȱ capacityȱ storageȱ facilityȱ atȱ Westȱ Creekȱ isȱ beingȱ considered,ȱandȱcouldȱbeȱcompletedȱbyȱ2018.ȱȱPlansȱforȱthisȱfacilityȱincludeȱanȱintertieȱacrossȱtheȱ Canadianȱ borderȱ toȱ connectȱ toȱ theȱ Canadianȱ powerȱ grid.ȱȱOnceȱ anȱ intertieȱ isȱ developed,ȱ virtuallyȱ allȱ theȱ powerȱ producedȱ inȱ theȱ Haines/Skagwayȱ areaȱ couldȱ beȱ soldȱ toȱ theȱ Canadianȱ grid.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱȱNovemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱȱivȱTableȱESȬ1:ȱȱProjectȱConfigurations,ȱFundingȱScenarios,ȱandȱSalesȱScenariosȱwithȱLowestȱEstimatedȱPowerȱSalesȱRatesȱȱSource:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱOctoberȱ2011.ȱ*ȱȱTheȱestimatedȱsalesȱpriceȱforȱfullȱsalesȱscenariosȱincludesȱaȱ$0.02/kWhȱwheelingȱchargeȱforȱuseȱofȱAPCȱtransmissionȱandȱdistributionȱsystemȱtoȱdeliverȱBurroȱCreekȱenergyȱtoȱmarket.ȱȱ1:ȱȱTheȱconfigurationȱcodesȱsuchȱasȱ‘3DȬ70’ȱareȱdefinedȱas:ȱtheȱnumberȱ(1ȱ–ȱ5)ȱisȱtheȱdiversionȱlocation,ȱtheȱletterȱ(Aȱ–ȱD)ȱisȱtheȱpowerhouseȱsite,ȱandȱtheȱnumberȱafterȱtheȱhyphenȱisȱtheȱdesignȱflowȱinȱcubicȱfeetȱperȱsecond.ȱ2:ȱȱFullȱsalesȱassumesȱthatȱallȱofȱtheȱnetȱoutputȱofȱtheȱprojectȱisȱsold.ȱȱPartialȱsalesȱassumesȱthatȱallȱofȱtheȱnetȱoutputȱofȱtheȱprojectȱfromȱAprilȱ1stȱthroughȱSeptemberȱ30thȱ(orȱanȱequivalentȱamountȱofȱenergyȱdistributedȱthroughoutȱtheȱyear)ȱisȱsold.ȱ3:ȱȱUpȱtoȱaȱmaximumȱofȱ$8,500,000ȱinȱgrantȱfunding.ȱProjectȱConfigurationȱ1ȱ1DȬ70ȱ1DȬ70ȱ2DȬ70ȱ2DȬ70ȱ3DȬ70ȱ3DȬ70ȱ1DȬ110ȱ1DȬ110ȱ2DȬ110ȱ2DȬ110ȱ3DȬ110ȱ3DȬ110ȱAmountȱofȱProjectȱOutputȱSoldȱ2ȱFullȱSalesȱPartialȱSalesȱFullȱSalesȱPartialȱSalesȱFullȱSalesȱPartialȱSalesȱFullȱSalesȱPartialȱSalesȱFullȱSalesȱPartialȱSalesȱFullȱSalesȱPartialȱSalesȱProjectȱDesignȱFlowȱȱ(cubicȱfeetȱperȱsecond)ȱ70ȱ110ȱProjectȱHeadȱ(feet)ȱ1,130ȱgrossȱ1,030ȱnetȱ970ȱgrossȱ880ȱnetȱ770ȱgrossȱ710ȱnetȱ1,130ȱgrossȱ1,030ȱnetȱ970ȱgrossȱ880ȱnetȱ770ȱgrossȱ710ȱnetȱPenstockȱLengthȱandȱDiameterȱ12,600ȱfeetȱ36Ȭinchȱ10,300ȱfeetȱ36Ȭinchȱ7,600ȱfeetȱ36Ȭinchȱ12,600ȱfeetȱ42Ȭinchȱ10,300ȱfeetȱ42Ȭinchȱ7,600ȱfeetȱ42ȬinchȱInstalledȱHydroelectricȱCapacityȱ(kilowatts,ȱkW)ȱ4,400ȱ3,800ȱ3,400ȱ7,300ȱ6,500ȱ5,250ȱEstimatedȱTotalȱCapitalȱCostȱȱ(2011$,ȱmillions)ȱ$17.2ȱMȱ$13.9ȱMȱ$11.1ȱMȱ$21.1ȱMȱ$16.8ȱMȱ$13.8ȱMȱExpectedȱAnnualȱEnergyȱSalesȱ(megawattȬhours,ȱMWh)ȱ17,943ȱ13,981ȱ15,935ȱ12,340ȱ13,127ȱ10,074ȱ20,581ȱ16,672ȱ18,798ȱ15,172ȱ15,915ȱ12,747ȱEstimatedȱEnergyȱSalesȱPrice,ȱNoȱGrantsȱ($ȱperȱkWh)ȱ$0.151*ȱ$0.165ȱ$0.140*ȱ$0.152ȱ$0.138*ȱ$0.150ȱ$0.159*ȱ$0.169ȱ$0.143*ȱ$0.149ȱ$0.140*ȱ$0.146ȱEstimatedȱEnergyȱSalesȱPrice,ȱwithȱGrantsȱforȱ50%ȱofȱDevelopmentȱCostȱ3ȱȱ($ȱperȱkWh)ȱ$0.102*ȱ$0.102ȱ$0.095*ȱ$0.094ȱ$0.0938ȱ$0.093ȱ$0.113*ȱ$0.111ȱ$0.097*ȱ$0.092ȱ$0.095*ȱ$0.090ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ vȱ Recommendationsȱ Aȱ projectȱatȱ BurroȱCreekȱisȱ estimatedȱ toȱtakeȱ fiveȱ yearsȱtoȱcompleteȱonceȱaȱ viableȱmarketȱ forȱ theȱ projectȱ isȱ secured.ȱȱTheȱ followingȱ actionsȱ areȱ recommendedȱ toȱ continueȱ advancingȱ aȱ hydroȱ projectȱatȱBurroȱCreek:ȱ ¾Contactȱ theȱ Regulatoryȱ Commissionȱ ofȱ Alaskaȱ (RCA)ȱ toȱ determineȱ howȱ bestȱ toȱ moveȱ forward.ȱȱTheȱ RCAȱ governsȱ salesȱ ofȱ powerȱ inȱ Alaska,ȱ andȱ itȱ isȱ importantȱ toȱ understandȱ theȱconditionsȱ underȱwhichȱaȱcompanyȱ canȱsellȱpowerȱ toȱ variousȱ customers.ȱȱInȱ general,ȱ anȱ independentȱ powerȱ producerȱ suchȱ asȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ cannotȱ sellȱ toȱ moreȱ thanȱ 10ȱ customersȱ orȱ overȱ $50,000ȱ worthȱ ofȱ powerȱ perȱ yearȱ withoutȱ becomingȱ aȱ certifiedȱ utility.ȱȱ Inȱ addition,ȱ RCAȱ generallyȱ willȱ notȱ allowȱ twoȱ certifiedȱ utilitiesȱ withinȱ oneȱ serviceȱ areaȱȱ However,ȱ theȱ RCAȱ Commissionersȱ haveȱ theȱ finalȱ sayȱ onȱ suchȱ projects,ȱ andȱ canȱ makeȱ exceptionsȱ toȱ theirȱ regulationsȱ asȱ theyȱ determineȱ isȱ inȱ theȱ publicȱ interest.ȱȱAppendixȱ Fȱ containsȱtheȱAlaskaȱStatuteȱlanguageȱthatȱmayȱbeȱpertinentȱtoȱthisȱproject.ȱȱȱ ¾ContinueȱstreamȱgaugingȱatȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱcharacterizeȱtheȱresourceȱpotential.ȱ ¾Monitorȱ futureȱ landȱ managementȱ decisionsȱ forȱ theȱ BLMȱ landȱ westȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ insureȱtheȱlandȱremainsȱopenȱtoȱhydropowerȱdevelopment.ȱȱȱ ¾Maintainȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ asȱ aȱ generationȱ resourceȱ inȱ regionalȱ energyȱ planningȱ documents,ȱ suchȱasȱtheȱSoutheastȱAlaskaȱIntegratedȱResourceȱPlan,ȱcurrentlyȱunderȱdevelopmentȱbyȱ theȱAlaskaȱEnergyȱAuthorityȱ(AEA).ȱ ¾Contactȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ toȱ discussȱ theȱ possibleȱ extensionȱ ofȱ itsȱ powerȱ transmissionȱ lineȱ southȱtoȱtheȱUpperȱLynnȱCanalȱsystem,ȱandȱaȱpossibleȱpowerȱpurchaseȱagreement.ȱ ¾ContactȱtheȱdevelopersȱofȱtheȱPalmerȱMineȱtoȱmonitorȱtheȱprogressȱofȱthatȱproject,ȱandȱifȱ andȱwhenȱdevelopmentȱisȱassured,ȱtoȱdiscussȱpossibleȱpowerȱpurchaseȱagreements.ȱ ¾Contactȱ APCȱ toȱ discussȱ theȱ conditionsȱ underȱ whichȱ theyȱ mayȱ beȱ willingȱ toȱ purchaseȱ wholesaleȱpowerȱfromȱBCH.ȱ ¾Contactȱ IPECȱ toȱ discussȱ aȱ possibleȱ powerȱ purchaseȱ agreement,ȱ keepingȱ inȱ mindȱ thatȱ otherȱmarketȱopportunitiesȱmayȱneedȱtoȱexistȱinȱorderȱtoȱmakeȱthisȱmarketȱviable.ȱȱȱ ¾Contactȱ possibleȱ fundingȱ sourcesȱ toȱ identifyȱ grantsȱ andȱ loanȱ programsȱ thatȱ mayȱ reduceȱ theȱcostȱofȱenergyȱfromȱtheȱBurroȱCreekȱproject.ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ !!"# $% &'(#(&'& ! &$()*&(! (++*&,$(#'- . ,)$(''&$)'/'(+'&(&(!0 ! - +$1'&,)(($&*&' ! " # "# # # 0 (*()$'(++')&( 0 $ ')' ')2" +)#3*$' ')2" (&(3$ ')2" ,)$((3,)& ')2)" $'(*$')&), ')2'" '/$(+'&()'$&( ')2#" '$+&&3#($+&( ')23" &' , ')2 " &(&'&+&')#'$( ')2" $(,+)&'$+((3, ')24" !56 $'($&(($3*$$($''1 ,)$(''&$$(4'& ')21" '$'/'7(++'&*& ($$'(')($$'()'' 7& ,*1(''$3, BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ viiȱ LISTȱOFȱFIGURESȱ Figureȱ2Ȭ1:ȱȱHaines/SkagwayȱModerateȱElectricalȱDemandȱForecast,ȱ2012ȱtoȱ2062ȱ.......................ȱ14 Figureȱ3Ȭ1:ȱȱEstimatedȱAverageȱAnnualȱNetȱOutputȱofȱProjectȱ3DȬ70ȱ.............................................ȱ17 Figureȱ5Ȭ1:ȱȱProjectȱDevelopmentȱScheduleȱ..........................................................................................ȱ26 FigureȱAȬ1:ȱȱProjectȱOverviewȱandȱLocationȱMapȱ.............................................................................ȱAȬ1 FigureȱAȬ2:ȱȱPotentialȱDiversionȱSitesȱandȱDrainageȱBasinsȱ............................................................ȱAȬ2 FigureȱAȬ3:ȱȱMapȱofȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱonȱUSSȱ1560ȱ................................................................ȱAȬ3 FigureȱAȬ4:ȱMapȱofȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱUsingȱFederalȱLandsȱ...................................................ȱAȬ4 FigureȱAȬ5:ȱMapȱofȱTransmissionȱRoutesȱ...........................................................................................ȱAȬ5 PhotographȱBȬ1:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱSiteȱfromȱLynnȱCanalȱ........................................................................ȱBȬ1 PhotographȱBȬ2:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱWaterfall,ȱLookingȱUpstreamȱ..........................................................ȱBȬ1 PhotographȱBȬ3:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱGaugingȱStation,ȱLookingȱDownstreamȱ........................................ȱBȬ1 PhotographȱBȬ4:ȱȱExistingȱBurroȱCreekȱIntake,ȱLookingȱUpstreamȱ................................................ȱBȬ2 PhotographȱBȬ5:ȱȱExistingȱBurroȱCreekȱIntakeȱScreeningȱBoxȱ.........................................................ȱBȬ2 PhotographȱBȬ6:ȱȱExistingȱBurroȱCreekȱIntakeȱ...................................................................................ȱBȬ2 PhotographȱBȬ7:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱfromȱSkagwayȱ....................................................................................ȱBȬ3 PhotographȱBȬ8:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱGaugingȱStationȱ.................................................................................ȱBȬ4 PhotographȱBȬ9:ȱȱTypicalȱTerrainȱandȱVegetationȱinȱProjectȱAreaȱ..................................................ȱBȬ5 PhotographȱBȬ10:ȱȱExistingȱPenstockȱ...................................................................................................ȱBȬ5 PhotographȱBȬ11:ȱȱExistingȱPenstockȱ...................................................................................................ȱBȬ6 PhotographȱBȬ12:ȱȱExistingȱPenstockȱ...................................................................................................ȱBȬ6 PhotographȱBȬ13:ȱȱExistingȱPowerhouseȱ.............................................................................................ȱBȬ6 PhotographȱBȬ14:ȱȱExistingȱTurbineȱandȱGeneratorȱ..........................................................................ȱBȬ7 PhotographȱBȬ15:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱatȱUSSȱ1560ȱPropertyȱLineȱ.............................................................ȱBȬ7 FigureȱCȬ1:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱStageȱDataȱ...................................................................................................ȱCȬ2 ȱFigureȱCȬ2:ȱȱModelȱUsedȱforȱCreekȱSectionȱatȱBurroȱCreekȱ............................................................ȱCȬ4 FigureȱCȬ3:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱStreamȱGaugeȱRatingȱCurveȱ.....................................................................ȱCȬ4 FigureȱCȬ4:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱHydrographȱ................................................................................................ȱCȬ5 FigureȱCȬ5:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱandȱTaiyaȱRiverȱFlowȱDataȱandȱModelsȱ.................................................ȱCȬ8 FigureȱCȬ6:ȱȱExtendedȱBurroȱCreekȱRecordȱUsingȱTaiyaȱRiverȱFlowȱModelȱ.................................ȱCȬ9 FigureȱCȬ7:ȱȱDailyȱFlowȱStatisticsȱforȱExtendedȱBurroȱCreekȱFlowȱRecordȱ.................................ȱCȬ10 BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ viiiȱ LISTȱOFȱTABLESȱ TableȱESȬ1:ȱȱProjectȱConfigurations,ȱFundingȱScenarios,ȱandȱSalesȱScenariosȱwithȱLowestȱ EstimatedȱPowerȱSalesȱRatesȱ..............................................................................................ȱiv Tableȱ2Ȭ1:ȱȱPopulationȱofȱHainesȱandȱSkagway,ȱ2000ȱtoȱ2010ȱ..............................................................ȱ4 Tableȱ2Ȭ2:ȱEmploymentȱinȱHainesȱandȱSkagway,ȱ2000ȱtoȱ2010ȱ...........................................................ȱ5 Tableȱ2Ȭ3:ȱȱSummerȱVisitorsȱatȱHainesȱandȱSkagway,ȱ2000ȱtoȱ2010ȱ....................................................ȱ6 Tableȱ2Ȭ4:ȱȱRecentȱElectricȱSystemȱStatisticsȱ.........................................................................................ȱ10 Tableȱ2Ȭ5:ȱȱChangesȱinȱPopulationȱandȱEnergyȱConsumptionȱinȱHainesȱandȱSkagway,ȱ 2004ȱtoȱ2010ȱ..........................................................................................................................ȱ11 Tableȱ2Ȭ6:ȱȱHaines/SkagwayȱElectricalȱDemandȱForecast,ȱ2012ȱtoȱ2062ȱ...........................................ȱ13 Tableȱ3Ȭ1:ȱȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱConsideredȱ....................................................................................ȱ16 Tableȱ4Ȭ1:ȱComparisonȱofȱPotentialȱProjectȱCostsȱandȱRequiredȱPowerȱPricesȱProjectsȱ Overȱ4ȱMWȱinȱCapacityȱ......................................................................................................ȱ24 TableȱCȬ1:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱFlowȱMeasurementsȱ....................................................................................ȱCȬ2 TableȱCȬ2:ȱȱManningȱEquationȱParametersȱforȱGaugingȱStationȱ.....................................................ȱCȬ3 TableȱCȬ3:ȱȱCreekȱSectionsȱusedȱtoȱCalculateȱAȱandȱPȱatȱGaugingȱStationsȱ..................................ȱCȬ4 TableȱCȬ4:ȱȱSummaryȱofȱHydrologyȱDataȱforȱBurroȱCreekȱandȱNearbyȱResources......................ȱCȬ6 TableȱCȬ5:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱFlowȱModelȱParametersȱ..............................................................................ȱCȬ7 TableȱDȬ1:ȱȱMaximumȱProbableȱFloodsȱatȱBurroȱCreekȱ....................................................................ȱDȬ1 TableȱGȬ1:ȱȱRangeȱofȱProjectȱOptionsȱConsideredȱ.............................................................................ȱGȬ1 TableȱGȬ2:ȱȱDiversionȱSiteȱConsiderationsȱ..........................................................................................ȱGȬ2 TableȱGȬ3:ȱȱPowerhouseȱSiteȱConsiderationsȱ.....................................................................................ȱGȬ6 TableȱGȬ4:ȱȱExpectedȱPlantȱCapacityȱFactorȱforȱDifferentȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱ........................ȱGȬ7 TableȱGȬ5:ȱȱAverageȱMonthlyȱandȱAnnualȱEnergyȱGenerationȱofȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱ..........ȱGȬ9 TableȱGȬ6:ȱȱEstimatedȱCostsȱforȱPowerȱLineȱ–ȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱSkagwayȱ......................................ȱGȬ10 TableȱHȬ1:ȱȱCostȱEstimatesȱandȱFinancialȱAnalysisȱforȱSelectȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱ................ȱHȬ3 TableȱHȬ2:ȱȱEconomicȱCasesȱforȱSelectȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱ.......................................................ȱHȬ4 ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ ixȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 1ȱ 1.0 INTRODUCTIONȱ 1.1 PROJECTȱAUTHORIZATIONȱANDȱPURPOSEȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ Holdings,ȱ LLCȱ (BCH)ȱ receivedȱ aȱ grantȱ fromȱ theȱ Alaskaȱ Energyȱ Authorityȱ inȱ 2009ȱ toȱ performȱ aȱ feasibilityȱ studyȱ forȱ anȱ upgradeȱ ofȱ theȱ existingȱ runȬofȬriverȱ hydroelectricȱ system.ȱȱ Inȱ2010,ȱBCHȱ contractedȱSoutheastȱStrategiesȱ(SES)ȱandȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱȱ(Polarconsult)ȱ toȱ prepareȱ aȱ feasibilityȱ studyȱ toȱ determineȱ costsȱ ofȱ theȱ developmentȱ andȱ increasedȱ operationsȱ costs,ȱandȱwhetherȱthereȱwasȱaȱmarketȱforȱthisȱpowerȱinȱtheȱSkagwayȱarea.ȱȱȱ Thisȱfeasibilityȱstudy:ȱ ¾QuantifiesȱtheȱhydropowerȱresourceȱatȱBurroȱCreek,ȱȱ ¾IdentifiesȱtheȱmostȱeconomicalȱhydropowerȱdevelopmentȱatȱBurroȱCreek,ȱȱ ¾ProvidesȱfeasibilityȬlevelȱcostȱestimatesȱforȱseveralȱhydroȱprojectȱconfigurations,ȱ ¾EvaluatesȱpossibleȱmarketsȱforȱpowerȱfromȱBurroȱCreek,ȱandȱ ¾Makesȱ recommendationsȱ forȱ futureȱ developmentȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creek’sȱ hydropowerȱ potential.ȱ Thisȱreportȱpresentsȱtheȱfindingsȱofȱtheȱfeasibilityȱstudy.ȱȱȱȱȱ 1.2 PROJECTȱEVALUATIONȱPROCESSȱ Resourceȱ dataȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ wasȱ collectedȱ andȱ analyzedȱ toȱ identifyȱ severalȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ forȱ furtherȱ evaluation.ȱȱTheȱ resourceȱ dataȱ includedȱ streamȱ hydrology,ȱ siteȱ topography,ȱ landȱ ownershipȱ andȱ relatedȱ information.ȱȱEnvironmentalȱ andȱ regulatoryȱ factorsȱ wereȱ alsoȱ consideredȱ inȱ developingȱ theseȱ projectȱ configurations.ȱȱCostȱ estimatesȱ wereȱ developedȱ forȱ theseȱ projectȱ configurations,ȱ andȱ hypotheticalȱ financingȱ andȱ businessȱ modelsȱ wereȱappliedȱinȱorderȱtoȱestimateȱenergyȱsalesȱratesȱforȱeachȱconfiguration.ȱȱȱ Futureȱ marketsȱ forȱ powerȱ wereȱ evaluatedȱ toȱ determineȱ ifȱ thereȱ isȱ anȱ opportunityȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ supplyȱ futureȱ demandȱ inȱ theȱ region.ȱȱTheȱ threeȱ developingȱ marketsȱ describedȱ inȱ Sectionȱ 4.2ȱ wereȱ identified.ȱȱTheseȱ marketȱ scenariosȱ wereȱ thenȱ furtherȱ analyzedȱ toȱ identifyȱ theȱ amountȱofȱprojectȱoutputȱ thatȱ couldȱ beȱ sold,ȱ andȱ theȱseasonalȱtimingȱandȱ salesȱpriceȱthatȱ wouldȱ beȱ necessary.ȱȱTheseȱ potentialȱ developingȱ marketsȱ warrantȱ continuedȱ attention,ȱ asȱ closeȱ coordinationȱwillȱbeȱnecessaryȱinȱorderȱtoȱdovetailȱtheȱdevelopmentȱschedulesȱofȱtheseȱpotentialȱ buyersȱwithȱtheȱdevelopmentȱscheduleȱofȱBurroȱCreek.ȱȱȱ 1.3 EXISTINGȱHYDROELECTRICȱPROJECTȱANDȱCURRENTȱSTUDYȱ 1.3.1 ExistingȱHydroelectricȱProjectȱ Thereȱ isȱ anȱ existingȱ smallȱ runȬofȬriverȱ hydroelectricȱ projectȱ onȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ whichȱ wasȱ builtȱ inȱ 1982ȱ byȱ Captainȱ Geneȱ Richards,ȱ aȱ retiredȱ NOAAȱ captain.ȱȱTheȱ projectȱ wasȱ constructedȱ inȱ partȱ withȱ fundsȱ fromȱ anȱ Alaskaȱ Energyȱ Authorityȱ Grant,ȱ andȱ wasȱ usedȱ toȱ supportȱ theȱ Richardsȇȱ homesteadȱ andȱ fishȱ hatcheryȱ forȱ nearlyȱ 20ȱ years.ȱȱGeneȱ Richardsȇȱ reportȱ entitledȱȈAppropriateȱ TechnologyȱReport:ȱHydroelectricȱSystemȱatȱBurroȱCreekȈȱisȱattachedȱasȱAppendixȱJ.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 2ȱ Thisȱ existingȱ hydroȱ projectȱ isȱ suitableȱ forȱ meetingȱ onȬsiteȱ demandȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheȱ existingȱ projectȱincludesȱtheȱfollowing:ȱ ¾Aȱ diversionȱ structureȱ atȱ 235’ȱ elevationȱ consistingȱ ofȱ aȱ naturalȱ rockȱ sillȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creek,ȱ aȱ blastedȱnotchȱinȱthisȱsillȱ fittedȱwithȱaȱ10ȬinchȱdiameterȱPVCȱintakeȱpipe,ȱandȱaȱmilledȱlogȱ pinnedȱ intoȱ theȱ apexȱ ofȱ theȱ rockȱ sillȱ withȱ 1Ȭinchȱ ironȱ barsȱ toȱ createȱ aȱ deeperȱ impoundment.ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¾Anȱ approximatelyȱ 3Ȭfootȱ byȱ 4Ȭfootȱ byȱ 8Ȭfootȱ timberȱ filterȱ boxȱ locatedȱ approximatelyȱ 30ȱ feetȱ downstreamȱ fromȱ theȱ diversion.ȱȱRawȱ waterȱ fromȱ theȱ diversionȱ dischargesȱ intoȱ theȱ box,ȱ passesȱ throughȱ aȱ coarseȱ fiberglassȱ screen,ȱ andȱ entersȱ theȱ penstock.ȱȱThisȱ boxȱ preventsȱ excessiveȱ rocks,ȱ sticks,ȱ orȱ gravelȱ fromȱ enteringȱ theȱ penstock,ȱ andȱ stabilizesȱ waterȱflowȱintoȱtheȱproject.ȱ ¾Aȱ 1,400Ȭfootȱ longȱ 10Ȭinchȱ diameterȱ PVCȱ penstockȱ thatȱ conveysȱ waterȱ fromȱ theȱ intakeȱ downȱtoȱtheȱpowerhouse.ȱ ¾Anȱ approximatelyȱ 12Ȭfootȱ byȱ 12Ȭfootȱ milledȬlogȱ powerhouseȱ withȱ aȱ finishedȱ floorȱ elevationȱofȱ32.5ȱfeetȱthatȱcontainsȱtheȱturbineȱandȱgenerationȱequipment.ȱȱȱ ¾Theȱ originalȱ turbineȱ equipment,ȱ whichȱ includesȱ twoȱ 2Ȭjetȱ Peltonȱ wheelsȱ onȱ aȱ commonȱ shaftȱ thatȱ driveȱ aȱ 25ȱ kilowattȱ (kW)ȱ alternatorȱ viaȱ pulleysȱ andȱ beltȱ drive.ȱȱTheȱ secondȱ jetȱ onȱ eachȱ wheelȱ wasȱ blankedȱ offȱ insideȱ theȱ turbineȱ housingȱ duringȱ originalȱ manufactureȱ ofȱtheȱturbineȱequipment.ȱȱThisȱturbineȱ setȱhasȱtheȱ potentialȱtoȱgenerateȱ 50ȱkW,ȱalthoughȱ theȱ secondȱ jetsȱ wouldȱ needȱ toȱ beȱ installedȱ andȱ theȱ beltȱ driveȱ andȱ alternatorȱ wouldȱ needȱ toȱ beȱ upgraded.ȱȱThisȱ equipmentȱ isȱ notȱ currentlyȱ functional.ȱȱItȱ isȱ notȱ knownȱ whenȱ thisȱ equipmentȱ wasȱ lastȱ operational,ȱ orȱ whatȱ measuresȱ areȱ neededȱ toȱ placeȱ itȱ backȱ intoȱ service.ȱ ¾NewerȱturbineȬgeneratorȱequipment,ȱconsistingȱofȱoneȱsingleȬjetȱhomeȬmadeȱPeltonȬtypeȱ wheelȱ drivingȱ aȱ 15ȱ kWȱ alternatorȱ viaȱ aȱ beltȱ drive.ȱȱTheȱ turbineȱ isȱ governedȱ byȱ aȱ Woodardȱ UGȬ8ȱ mechanicalȱ governor,ȱ whichȱ actuatesȱ theȱ jetȱ deflectorȱ toȱ regulateȱ frequencyȱ andȱ voltage.ȱȱThisȱ turbineȬgeneratorȱ installationȱ currentlyȱ providesȱ Burroȱ Creekȱwithȱelectricity.ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¾Aȱ shallowȬburialȱ tailraceȱ pipeȱ thatȱ dischargesȱ waterȱ intoȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ justȱ aboveȱ tidewater.ȱ Theȱ existingȱ 15ȬkWȱ hydroȱ projectȱ isȱ functional,ȱ butȱ hasȱ significantȱ deferredȱ maintenance.ȱȱTheȱ diversionȱ pipeȱ andȱ headȱ boxȱ isȱ pastȱ itsȱ usefulȱ lifeȱ andȱ inȱ needȱ ofȱ replacement;ȱ thrustȱ restraintsȱ alongȱ theȱ entireȱ penstockȱ areȱ inȱ needȱ ofȱ reȬtensioning,ȱ adjustment,ȱ orȱ replacement;ȱ andȱ someȱ ofȱ theȱ thrustȱ restraintsȱ inȱ theȱ powerhouseȱ areȱ inȱ marginalȱ condition.ȱȱTheȱ electricalȱ panelȱ inȱ theȱ powerhouseȱalsoȱappearsȱtoȱbeȱsubstandardȱandȱmayȱwarrantȱupgrade.ȱȱȱ Theȱ existingȱ hydroȱ projectȱ isȱ anȱ goodȱ exampleȱ ofȱ aȱ smallȱ (15ȱ toȱ 50ȱ kW)ȱ ruralȱ Alaskanȱ hydroelectricȱ project.ȱȱTheȱ sitingȱ andȱ constructionȱ methodsȱ usedȱ forȱ thisȱ projectȱ areȱ excellentȱ exampleȱ ofȱ simple,ȱ economical,ȱ andȱ appropriateȱ microȱ hydroȱ developmentȱ atȱ aȱ remoteȱ site.ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 3ȱ However,ȱ theȱ existingȱ projectȱ isȱ tooȱ smallȱ toȱ justifyȱ exportȱ ofȱ powerȱ fromȱ Burroȱ Creek,ȱ andȱ isȱ notȱconsideredȱfurtherȱinȱthisȱstudy.ȱ 1.3.2 CurrentȱStudyȱ Thisȱfeasibilityȱstudyȱincludedȱtheȱfollowingȱactivities:ȱ ¾R&MȱEngineers,ȱInc.ȱȱperformedȱanȱasȬbuiltȱsurveyȱofȱtheȱexistingȱmicroȱhydroȱprojectȱatȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ inȱ theȱ fallȱ ofȱ 2009ȱ toȱ identifyȱ theȱ headȱ andȱ locationȱ ofȱ theȱ projectȱ onȱ USSȱ 1560.ȱȱȱ ¾Polarconsultȱ visitedȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ onȱ Decemberȱ 17ȱ toȱ 18,ȱ 2009ȱ toȱ installȱ aȱ streamȱ gaugeȱ andȱ measureȱ flowȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ collectȱ siteȬspecificȱ hydrologyȱ dataȱ forȱ thisȱ study.ȱȱ Polarconsultȱ alsoȱ conductedȱ anȱ initialȱ reconnaissanceȱ ofȱ theȱ lowerȱ reachesȱ ofȱ Burroȱ CreekȱonȱUSSȱ1560.ȱ ¾Polarconsultȱ conductedȱ additionalȱ siteȱ investigationsȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ inȱ Mayȱ 2010ȱ andȱ Septemberȱ 2011.ȱȱActivitiesȱ duringȱ theseȱ visitsȱ includedȱ limitedȱ topographicȱ surveysȱ toȱ determineȱ theȱ availableȱ headȱ andȱ locationȱ ofȱ variousȱ intakeȱ sites,ȱ assessmentȱ ofȱ terrainȱ andȱ identificationȱ ofȱ penstockȱ routesȱ andȱ constructionȱ requirements,ȱ initialȱ assessmentȱ ofȱ basicȱ environmentalȱ conditionsȱ inȱ theȱ projectȱ areaȱ (e.g.,ȱ presenceȱ orȱ absenceȱ ofȱ wetlands),ȱandȱadditionalȱflowȱmeasurements.ȱ ¾SoutheastȱStrategiesȱvisitedȱ Burroȱ CreekȱinȱAugustȱ2011ȱtoȱreviewȱtheȱprojectȱsiteȱandȱbeȱ familiarizedȱwithȱtheȱprojectȱsettingȱandȱterrain.ȱ ¾BCHȱ personnelȱ haveȱ periodicallyȱ downloadedȱ andȱ maintainedȱ theȱ streamȱ gaugeȱ throughoutȱtheȱfeasibilityȱstudy.ȱ ¾Severalȱ potentialȱ hydroȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ onȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ wereȱ developed,ȱ includingȱcostȱestimatesȱandȱfinancialȱanalysisȱofȱeachȱconfiguration.ȱ ¾ExistingȱandȱfutureȱpotentialȱmarketsȱforȱtheȱenergyȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱwereȱanalyzed.ȱ ¾RecommendationsȱforȱfutureȱeffortsȱatȱBurroȱCreekȱwereȱdeveloped.ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 4ȱ 2.0 COMMUNITYȱPROFILEȱ 2.1 COMMUNITYȱOVERVIEWȱ BurroȱCreekȱisȱlocatedȱalongȱtheȱshoresȱofȱTaiyaȱInletȱinȱLynnȱCanal,ȱaboutȱtwoȱmilesȱsouthwestȱ ofȱ Skagway,ȱ inȱ Southeastȱ Alaska.ȱȱSkagwayȱ isȱ locatedȱ aboutȱ 90ȱ milesȱ northeastȱ ofȱ Juneauȱ inȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canal,ȱ andȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ isȱ accessedȱ byȱ boatȱ orȱ helicopterȱ fromȱ Skagway.ȱȱTheȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ communitiesȱ onȱ theȱ electricȱ gridȱ thatȱ willȱ beȱ servedȱ byȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ hydroelectricȱprojectȱincludeȱHaines,ȱKlukwan,ȱandȱSkagway,ȱasȱwellȱasȱsomeȱoutlyingȱareas.ȱ Theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ areaȱ hasȱ aȱ maritimeȱ climateȱ withȱ coolȱ summersȱ andȱ mildȱ winters.ȱȱ Becauseȱ itȱ isȱ inȱ theȱ rainȱ shadowȱ ofȱ nearbyȱ mountains,ȱ Skagwayȱ receivesȱ lessȱ precipitationȱ thanȱ Hainesȱ andȱ manyȱ communitiesȱ inȱ theȱ Southeastȱ Alaskaȱ region,ȱ averagingȱ 26ȱ inchesȱ ofȱ precipitationȱ perȱ year,ȱ whichȱ includesȱ 39ȱ inchesȱ ofȱ snow.ȱȱȱBothȱ Hainesȱ andȱ Skagwayȱ haveȱ commercialȱ airports,ȱ andȱ areȱ portsȱ ofȱ callȱ forȱ theȱ Stateȱ ferryȱ system.ȱȱInȱ addition,ȱ Skagwayȱ isȱ connectedȱ byȱ theȱ Klondikeȱ Highwayȱ toȱ theȱ Alaskaȱ Highway,ȱ andȱ theȱ Northȱ Americanȱ roadȱ system.ȱȱHainesȱisȱalsoȱconnectedȱtoȱtheȱAlaskaȱHighwayȱviaȱtheȱHainesȱHighway.ȱ Skagwayȱ isȱ oneȱ ofȱ theȱ oldestȱ communitiesȱ inȱ Alaska,ȱ beginningȱ asȱ anȱ accessȱ toȱ theȱ Klondikeȱ goldȱ regionȱ inȱ theȱ lateȱ 1880s.ȱȱItȱ wasȱ incorporatedȱ asȱ Alaska’sȱ firstȱ cityȱ inȱ 1900,ȱ andȱ becameȱ aȱ fullyȱconsolidatedȱ boroughȱ inȱ 2004.ȱȱHainesȱ housedȱtheȱfirstȱpermanentȱ militaryȱpostȱinȱ Alaska,ȱ Fortȱ Williamȱ H.ȱ Seward,ȱ builtȱ inȱ 1904.ȱȱItȱ wasȱ incorporatedȱ asȱ aȱ cityȱ inȱ 1910,ȱ andȱ formedȱ aȱ boroughȱinȱ2007.ȱ Tableȱ 2Ȭ1ȱ presentsȱ populationȱ inȱ bothȱ Hainesȱ andȱ Skagwayȱ betweenȱ 2000ȱ andȱ 2010.ȱȱTheȱ estimatedȱsummerȱpopulationȱreflectsȱtheȱinfluxȱofȱsummerȱworkersȱforȱtheȱtourismȱseason.ȱȱȱ Tableȱ2Ȭ1:ȱȱPopulationȱofȱHainesȱandȱSkagway,ȱ2000ȱtoȱ2010ȱ Yearȱ Skagwayȱ Hainesȱ Bothȱ Summerȱ Estimate*ȱ Annualȱ Averageȱ PercentȱChangeȱ 2000ȱ 862ȱ 2,392ȱ 3,254ȱ 4,978ȱ 3,829ȱȱ 2001ȱ 838ȱ 2,383ȱ 3,221ȱ 4,897ȱ 3,780ȱȬ1.3%ȱ 2002ȱ 844ȱ 2,373ȱ 3,217ȱ 4,905ȱ 3,780ȱ 0.0%ȱ 2003ȱ 843ȱ 2,335ȱ 3,178ȱ 4,864ȱ 3,740ȱȬ1.0%ȱ 2004ȱ 873ȱ 2,271ȱ 3,144ȱ 4,890ȱ 3,726ȱȬ0.4%ȱ 2005ȱ 834ȱ 2,225ȱ 3,059ȱ 4,727ȱ 3,615ȱȬ3.0%ȱ 2006ȱ 855ȱ 2,252ȱ 3,107ȱ 4,817ȱ 3,677ȱ 1.7%ȱ 2007ȱ 843ȱ 2,264ȱ 3,107ȱ 4,793ȱ 3,669ȱȬ0.2%ȱ 2008ȱ 846ȱ 2,322ȱ 3,168ȱ 4,860ȱ 3,732ȱ 1.7%ȱ 2009ȱ 865ȱ 2,286ȱ 3,151ȱ 4,881ȱ 3,728ȱȬ0.1%ȱ 2010ȱ 968ȱ 2,508ȱ 3,476ȱ 5,412ȱ 4,121ȱ 10.6%ȱ AverageȱAnnualȱChangeȱ +0.8%ȱ Sources:ȱAlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱLaborȱandȱWorkforceȱDevelopmentȱandȱSoutheastȱStrategies,ȱ2011.ȱ *Summerȱ populationȱ estimatesȱ byȱ Southeastȱ Strategiesȱ assumeȱ thatȱ theȱ populationȱ inȱ Skagwayȱ aboutȱ triplesȱ inȱ theȱ summerȱseason.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 5ȱ Bothȱ communitiesȱ haveȱ strongȱ tourismȱ sectors.ȱȱInȱ addition,ȱ Hainesȱ hostsȱ aȱ commercialȱ fishingȱ fleetȱ ofȱ aroundȱ 100ȱ residents.ȱȱManyȱ ofȱ theȱ jobsȱ inȱ theseȱ communitiesȱ areȱ seasonal.ȱȱTheȱ followingȱ tableȱ showsȱ employmentȱ inȱ Hainesȱ andȱ Skagway.ȱȱSkagwayȱ appearsȱ toȱ haveȱ aȱ moreȱ stableȱ employmentȱ baseȱ thanȱ Haines.ȱȱBothȱ communitiesȱ haveȱ lostȱ employmentȱ betweenȱ 2009ȱ andȱ2010.ȱ Tableȱ2Ȭ2:ȱEmploymentȱinȱHainesȱandȱSkagway,ȱ2000ȱtoȱ2010ȱ Yearȱ Hainesȱ Percentȱ Changeȱ Skagwayȱ Percentȱ Changeȱ Bothȱ Communitiesȱ Percentȱ Changeȱ 2000ȱ 805ȱȱ 656ȱȱ 1,461ȱȱ 2001ȱ 683ȱȬ15.2%ȱ 684ȱ 4.3%ȱ 1,367ȱȬ6.4%ȱ 2002ȱ 893ȱ 30.7%ȱ 745ȱ 8.9%ȱ 1,638ȱ 19.8%ȱ 2003ȱ 947ȱ 6.0%ȱ 749ȱ 0.5%ȱ 1,696ȱ 3.5%ȱ 2004ȱ 1,002ȱ 5.8%ȱ 780ȱ 4.1%ȱ 1,782ȱ 5.1%ȱ 2005ȱ 1,050ȱ 4.8%ȱ 836ȱ 7.2%ȱ 1,886ȱ 5.8%ȱ 2006ȱ 730ȱȬ30.5%ȱ 848ȱ 1.4%ȱ 1,578ȱȬ16.3%ȱ 2007ȱ 763ȱ 4.5%ȱ 877ȱ 3.4%ȱ 1,640ȱ 3.9%ȱ 2008ȱ 981ȱ 28.6%ȱ 886ȱ 1.0%ȱ 1,867ȱ 13.8%ȱ 2009ȱ 1,017ȱ 3.7%ȱ 826ȱȬ6.8%ȱ 1,843ȱȬ1.3%ȱ 2010ȱ 995ȱȬ2.2%ȱ 812ȱȬ1.7%ȱ 1,807ȱȬ2.0%ȱ Averageȱ AnnualȱChangeȱ ȱ 3.6%ȱȱ2.2%ȱȱ2.6%ȱ Source:ȱȱAlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱLaborȱandȱWorkforceȱDevelopment.ȱ BothȱHainesȱandȱ Skagwayȱ areȱ connectedȱtoȱ theȱcontinentalȱ roadȱsystem,ȱandȱ theyȱ receiveȱ manyȱ visitorsȱ inȱ theȱ summerȱ seasonȱ (seeȱ Tableȱ 2Ȭ3).ȱȱInȱ addition,ȱ theyȱ bothȱ receiveȱ scheduledȱ andȱ charteredȱ airȱ traffic,ȱ whichȱ increasesȱ greatlyȱ inȱ summer.ȱȱStateȱ ferryȱ serviceȱ isȱ alsoȱ availableȱ dailyȱ inȱ theȱ summerȱ andȱ severalȱ timesȱ weeklyȱ duringȱ theȱ restȱ ofȱ theȱ year.ȱȱBothȱ communitiesȱ receiveȱvisitsȱ byȱcruiseȱ shipsȱ inȱ summer.ȱȱHainesȱgetsȱ aboutȱoneȱ largeȱcruiseȱshipȱperȱweek,ȱandȱ Skagwayȱ canȱ receiveȱ asȱ manyȱ asȱ 20ȱ perȱ week.ȱȱTheȱ followingȱ tableȱ presentsȱ visitationȱ byȱ modeȱ atȱHainesȱandȱSkagway.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 6ȱ Tableȱ2Ȭ3:ȱȱSummerȱVisitorsȱatȱHainesȱandȱSkagway,ȱ2000ȱtoȱ2010ȱ Yearȱ CruiseȱShipȱ Highwayȱ StateȱFerryȱ Trainȱ Totalȱ Percentȱ Changeȱ 2000ȱȬȱTotalȱ 753,036ȱ 139,305ȱ 56,892ȱ 19,231ȱ 968,464ȱȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 187,397ȱ 44,380ȱ 27,494ȱȱ259,271ȱȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 565,639ȱ 94,925ȱ 29,398ȱ 19,231ȱ 709,193ȱȱ 2001ȱȬȱTotalȱ 639,670ȱ 128,923ȱ 46,287ȱ 20,674ȱ 835,554ȱȬ13.7%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 40,150ȱ 46,294ȱ 22,575ȱȱ109,019ȱȬ58.0%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 599,520ȱ 82,629ȱ 23,712ȱ 20,674ȱ 726,535ȱ 2.4%ȱ 2002ȱȬȱTotalȱ 698,112ȱ 128,538ȱ 52,122ȱ 14,361ȱ 893,133ȱ 6.9%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 86,474ȱ 48,117ȱ 25,309ȱȱ159,900ȱ 46.7%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 611,638ȱ 80,421ȱ 26,813ȱ 14,361ȱ 733,233ȱ 0.9%ȱ 2003ȱȬȱTotalȱ 654,483ȱ 118,756ȱ 49,413ȱ 13,065ȱ 835,717ȱȬ6.4%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 14,741ȱ 44,006ȱ 24,383ȱȱ83,130ȱȬ48.0%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 639,742ȱ 74,750ȱ 25,030ȱ 13,065ȱ 752,587ȱ 2.6%ȱ 2004ȱȬȱTotalȱ 744,560ȱ 121,393ȱ 46,901ȱ 13,187ȱ 926,041ȱ 10.8%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 22,465ȱ 43,556ȱ 23,227ȱȱ89,248ȱ 7.4%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 722,095ȱ 77,837ȱ 23,674ȱ 13,187ȱ 836,793ȱ 11.2%ȱ 2005ȱȬȱTotalȱ 804,300ȱ 112,280ȱ 43,464ȱ 17,071ȱ 977,115ȱ 5.5%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 31,968ȱ 40,893ȱ 22,200ȱȱ95,061ȱ 6.5%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 772,332ȱ 71,387ȱ 21,264ȱ 17,071ȱ 882,054ȱ 5.4%ȱ 2006ȱȬȱTotalȱ 786,592ȱ 101,010ȱ 44,060ȱ 17,826ȱ 949,488ȱȬ2.8%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 31,278ȱ 39,140ȱ 23,899ȱȱ94,317ȱȬ0.8%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 755,314ȱ 61,870ȱ 20,161ȱ 17,826ȱ 855,171ȱȬ3.0%ȱ 2007ȱȬȱTotalȱ 843,922ȱ 108,193ȱ 38,780ȱ 16,514ȱ 1,007,409ȱ 6.1%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 23,178ȱ 39,338ȱ 20,531ȱȱ83,047ȱȬ11.9%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 820,744ȱ 68,855ȱ 18,249ȱ 16,514ȱ 924,362ȱ 8.1%ȱ 2008ȱȬȱTotalȱ 807,262ȱ 100,260ȱ 40,399ȱ 18,326ȱ 966,247ȱȬ4.1%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 41,770ȱ 34,434ȱ 22,404ȱȱ98,608ȱ 18.7%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 765,492ȱ 65,826ȱ 17,995ȱ 18,326ȱ 867,639ȱȬ6.1%ȱ 2009ȱȬȱTotalȱ 798,644ȱ 173,781ȱ 79,666ȱ 16,159ȱ 1,068,250ȱ 10.6%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 41,304ȱ 33,931ȱ 19,812ȱȱ95,047ȱȬ3.6%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 757,340ȱ 139,850ȱ 59,854ȱ 16,159ȱ 973,203ȱ 12.2%ȱ 2010ȱȬȱTotalȱ 726,490ȱ 103,044ȱ 38,524ȱ 16,822ȱ 884,880ȱȬ17.2%ȱ ȱȱHainesȱ 30,850ȱ 36,806ȱ 21,330ȱȱ88,986ȱȬ6.4%ȱ ȱȱSkagwayȱ 695,640ȱ 66,238ȱ 17,194ȱ 16,822ȱ 795,894ȱȬ18.2%ȱ Sources:ȱȱHainesȱandȱSkagwayȱVisitorsȱBureaus,ȱAlaskaȱMarineȱHighwaysȱTrafficȱVolumeȱReports.ȱ Note:ȱSomeȱvisitorsȱarrivingȱbyȱStateȱferryȱandȱhighwayȱmayȱbeȱlocalȱresidents.ȱȱInȱaddition,ȱsomeȱvisitorsȱarriveȱbyȱ air,ȱpassengerȬonlyȱferries,ȱandȱprivateȱboat.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 7ȱ Visitsȱ toȱ Hainesȱ andȱ Skagwayȱ haveȱ generallyȱ grownȱ betweenȱ 2000ȱ andȱ 2010.ȱȱHowever,ȱ cruiseȱ passengerȱ visitsȱ droppedȱ slightlyȱ betweenȱ 2007ȱ andȱ 2010,ȱ andȱ appearȱ toȱ haveȱ droppedȱ slightlyȱ againȱ inȱ 2011.ȱȱAccordingȱ toȱ theȱ Cruiseȱ Lineȱ Agenciesȱ ofȱ Alaska,ȱ inȱ 2012,ȱ cruiseȱ shipȱ stopsȱ atȱ Hainesȱ willȱremainȱtheȱ sameȱatȱ 23.ȱȱCruiseȱshipȱportsȱofȱcallȱatȱSkagwayȱinȱ2012ȱwillȱincreaseȱbyȱ 8,ȱ toȱ 352ȱ stops.ȱȱAssumingȱ aȱ similarȱ loadȱ factorȱ ofȱ passengersȱ perȱ shipȱ asȱ recentȱ years,ȱ thisȱ increaseȱshouldȱbringȱmoreȱpassengersȱtoȱSkagwayȱinȱsummerȱofȱ2012.ȱȱȱ Manyȱ ofȱ theȱ cruiseȱ shipsȱ visitingȱ theseȱ communitiesȱ houseȱ 2,000ȱ orȱ moreȱ passengers,ȱ andȱ 1,000ȱ orȱ moreȱ crew.ȱȱAsȱ aȱ resultȱ ofȱ theseȱ visitations,ȱ itȱ isȱ notȱ unusualȱ forȱ Skagwayȱ toȱ haveȱ anȱ additionalȱ 10,000ȱ peopleȱ inȱ theȱ townȱ onȱ anyȱ givenȱ summerȱ day.ȱȱSkagway’sȱ statusȱ asȱ theȱ gatewayȱ toȱ theȱ Klondike,ȱ andȱ itsȱ Yukonȱ Goldȱ Rushȱ historicalȱ flavorȱ isȱ aȱ strongȱ tourismȱ draw,ȱ andȱ virtuallyȱ everyȱ cruiseȱ shipȱ transitingȱ Alaska’sȱ Insideȱ Passageȱ visitsȱ theȱ community.ȱȱCruiseȱ shipȱ callsȱ inȱ Hainesȱ areȱ farȱ fewer,ȱ averagingȱ oneȱ largeȱ cruiseȱ shipȱ visitȱ perȱ week.ȱȱHainesȱ alsoȱ lacksȱtheȱtrainȱtrafficȱthatȱSkagwayȱhas.ȱȱȱȱȱ Potentialȱ futureȱ industrialȱ developmentȱ inȱ theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ includesȱ theȱ Palmerȱ miningȱ projectȱ nearȱ Haines.ȱȱThisȱ isȱaȱmidȬstageȱprospectȱcontainingȱ highȱgradeȱ copper,ȱ zinc,ȱ gold,ȱ andȱ silver.ȱȱTheȱprojectȱisȱstillȱinȱtheȱexplorationȱphaseȱtoȱbetterȱdefineȱtheȱexistingȱinferredȱresource.ȱȱ Theȱ Palmerȱ projectȱ couldȱ potentiallyȱ requireȱ largeȱ amountsȱ ofȱ electricȱ powerȱ toȱ developȱ andȱ operate.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 8ȱ 2.2 EXISTINGȱENERGYȱSYSTEMȱ AlaskaȱPowerȱCompanyȱ(APC)ȱisȱtheȱcertificatedȱelectricȱutilityȱinȱtheȱSkagwayȱarea.ȱȱTheȱutilityȱ isȱ alsoȱ connectedȱ toȱ theȱ Hainesȱ areaȱ byȱ underseaȱ cable.ȱȱInsideȱ Passageȱ Electricȱ Cooperativeȱ (IPEC)ȱ providesȱ retailȱ electricȱ powerȱ toȱ Klukwanȱ andȱ theȱ Chilkatȱ Valleyȱ nearȱ Haines,ȱ someȱ ofȱ whichȱ isȱ purchasedȱ wholesaleȱ fromȱ APC.ȱȱInȱ thisȱ report,ȱ theȱ Municipalityȱ ofȱ Skagwayȱ andȱ theȱ Hainesȱ Boroughȱ (theȱ areaȱ isȱ alsoȱ referredȱ toȱ asȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canal)ȱ areȱ takenȱ togetherȱ asȱ theȱ projectȱareaȱintoȱwhichȱtheȱBurroȱCreekȱupgradeȱintegrates.ȱȱȱ 2.2.1 ElectricȱUtilityȱOrganizationȱ Electricalȱ serviceȱ inȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ isȱ providedȱ byȱ APC,ȱ aȱ subsidiaryȱ ofȱ Alaskaȱ Powerȱ andȱ Telephoneȱ(AP&T).ȱȱTheȱutilityȱholdsȱCertificateȱofȱPublicȱNeedȱandȱNecessityȱNo.ȱȱ2.ȱȱItȱisȱaȱforȬ profitȱ utility,ȱ andȱ operatesȱ underȱ statutoryȱ authorityȱ ASȱ 42.05.990(5)(A).ȱȱTheȱ APCȱ isȱ theȱ entityȱ thatȱ operatesȱ theȱ powerȱ distributionȱ systemȱ servingȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canal.ȱȱTheȱ generationȱ plantsȱ areȱ ownedȱ byȱ eitherȱ AP&Tȱ orȱ APC.ȱȱTheȱ APCȱ participatesȱ inȱ theȱ Stateȱ ofȱ Alaska’sȱ Powerȱ Costȱ Equalizationȱ (PCE)ȱ program,ȱ whichȱ subsidizesȱ electricityȱ ratesȱ forȱ residencesȱ andȱ communityȱ facilitiesȱservedȱbyȱeligibleȱAlaskaȱutilities.ȱ 2.2.2 ElectricalȱGenerationȱSystemȱ Theȱ AP&Tȱ currentlyȱ operatesȱ fourȱ hydroelectricȱ generationȱ facilitiesȱ andȱ twoȱ dieselȱ plantsȱ inȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canal.ȱȱHistorically,ȱ oneȱ dieselȱ generationȱ plantȱ operatedȱ inȱ Skagwayȱ andȱ oneȱ inȱ Haines.ȱȱAȱ fourȬgeneratorȱ dieselȱ plantȱ atȱ Hainesȱ hasȱ theȱ capacityȱ toȱ generateȱ aboutȱ 6.4ȱ megawattsȱ(MW)ȱofȱpower,ȱandȱaȱfourȬgeneratorȱdieselȱplantȱatȱDeweyȱLakesȱnearȱSkagwayȱhasȱ aȱ generatingȱ capacityȱ ofȱ aboutȱ 3.4ȱ MW.ȱȱDieselȱ generationȱ isȱ usedȱ mainlyȱ forȱ backupȱ powerȱ whenȱtheȱhydroelectricȱsystemsȱareȱnotȱoperating.ȱ Theȱ 900ȱ kWȱ Deweyȱ Lakesȱ hydroelectricȱ runȬofȬriverȱ projectȱ hasȱ operatedȱ nearȱ Skagwayȱ sinceȱ 1909.ȱȱInȱ 1997,ȱ theȱ Goatȱ Lakeȱ hydroelectricȱ projectȱ beganȱ operations.ȱȱThisȱ 4.0ȱ MWȱ facilityȱ isȱ locatedȱsevenȱmilesȱnorthȱofȱSkagway,ȱandȱconsistsȱofȱaȱ204Ȭacreȱ glacierȱfedȱlakeȱthatȱhasȱwinterȱ storageȱ enoughȱ toȱprovideȱhydroelectricȱ powerȱ nearlyȱ yearȱaround.ȱȱTheȱ facilityȱ wasȱ connectedȱ toȱtheȱHainesȱpowerȱgridȱbyȱaȱ15Ȭmileȱunderseaȱcableȱinȱ1998.ȱȱInȱ2009,ȱtheȱKasidayaȱCreekȱrunȬ ofȬriverȱ hydroelectricȱ projectȱ nearȱ Skagwayȱ beganȱ operating.ȱȱThatȱ facilityȱ hasȱ aȱ generationȱ capacityȱofȱ 3.0ȱMW,ȱandȱisȱnotȱoperationalȱduringȱsomeȱwinterȱmonths.ȱȱȱTheȱLutakȱHydroȱ runȬ ofȬriverȱsystemȱnearȱHainesȱhasȱanȱinstalledȱcapacityȱofȱ250ȱkW.ȱ Inȱ additionȱ toȱ theseȱ AP&Tȱ facilities,ȱ theȱ privatelyȱ ownedȱ 10ȬMileȱ Creekȱ runȬofȬriverȱ hydroelectricȱ facilityȱ northȱ ofȱ Hainesȱ hasȱ aȱ capacityȱ toȱ generateȱ 600ȱ kW.ȱȱCurrentlyȱ thatȱ facilityȱ sellsȱ itsȱ powerȱ toȱ IPECȱ forȱ useȱ inȱ Klukwanȱ andȱ theȱ Chilkatȱ Valley.ȱȱIPECȱ isȱ inȱ theȱ processȱ ofȱ acquiringȱtheȱ10ȬMileȱCreekȱfacility.ȱ Theȱ installedȱ capacityȱ ofȱ theseȱ powerȱ plantsȱ totalsȱ overȱ 8.3ȱ MWȱ ofȱ hydroelectricȱ power,ȱ andȱ approximatelyȱ 9.8ȱ MWȱ ofȱ dieselȬgeneratedȱ power.ȱȱTheȱ existingȱ hydroelectricȱ facilitiesȱ canȱ produceȱ enoughȱ powerȱ toȱ meetȱ communityȱ demandȱ exceptȱ inȱ lateȱ winterȱ whenȱ Goatȱ Lakeȱ hasȱ drainedȱ down,ȱ andȱ theȱ Kasidayaȱ projectȱ isȱ offȬlineȱ dueȱ toȱ lowȱ flowsȱ andȱ freezingȱ conditions.ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 9ȱ APCȱreliesȱonȱitsȱ dieselȱ plantsȱ toȱ supplementȱ theȱ hydroȱprojectsȱ duringȱ theseȱ periodsȱandȱ otherȱ timesȱwhenȱtheȱhydroelectricȱprojectsȱareȱoffȬlineȱforȱmaintenanceȱorȱrepair.ȱȱȱ 2.2.3 ElectricalȱDistributionȱSystemȱȱ TheȱAPCȱisȱtheȱcertificatedȱelectricȱutilityȱinȱtheȱSkagwayȱarea.ȱȱItȱisȱalsoȱconnectedȱtoȱtheȱHainesȱ areaȱ byȱ aȱ 15Ȭmileȱ underseaȱ cable.ȱȱTheȱ IPECȱ providesȱ retailȱ electricȱ powerȱ toȱ Klukwanȱ andȱ theȱ Chilkatȱ Valleyȱ nearȱ Haines.ȱȱInȱ addition,ȱ theȱ followingȱ transmissionȱ linesȱ haveȱ beenȱ builtȱ inȱ UpperȱLynnȱCanalȱsinceȱ2005:ȱ ¾ȱ IntertieȱtoȱDyeaȱValleyȱ–ȱ2005;ȱ ¾ȱ 5ȱmileȱtoȱ10ȱmileȱHainesȱHighwayȱintertieȱ–ȱ2007;ȱ ¾ȱ IntertieȱfromȱIPECȱsystemȱtoȱtheȱCanadianȱBorderȱ–ȱ2007;ȱ ¾ȱ IntertieȱtoȱLutakȱCommunityȱnearȱHainesȱ–ȱ2007;ȱȱ ¾ȱ PowerȱlineȱtoȱtheȱCanadianȱborderȱstationȱfromȱSkagway;ȱandȱ ¾ȱ PowerȱlineȱfromȱWhitehorse,ȱYTȱtoȱCarcross,ȱYT.ȱ 2.2.4 FutureȱProjectsȱ Sinceȱ theȱ underseaȱ cableȱ inȱ Taiyaȱ Inletȱ providesȱ mostȱ ofȱ theȱ renewableȱ powerȱ toȱ Haines,ȱ thatȱ communityȱ wouldȱ relyȱ mainlyȱ onȱ dieselȱ generationȱ shouldȱ thatȱ cableȱ beȱ incapacitated.ȱȱTheȱ AP&Tȱ isȱ lookingȱ forȱ hydroelectricȱ potentialȱ inȱ theȱ Hainesȱ areaȱ toȱ reduceȱ thatȱ dependenceȱ onȱ dieselȱgeneration.ȱȱConnellyȱ Lakeȱ(onȱ theȱHainesȱ sideȱ ofȱ LynnȱCanal)ȱ andȱSchubeeȱ Lakeȱ (onȱ theȱ Skagwayȱsideȱofȱ LynnȱCanal)ȱareȱ bothȱbeingȱinvestigatedȱforȱpotentialȱhydroelectricȱgeneration.ȱȱ BothȱLakeȱprojectsȱareȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱreceivingȱpreliminaryȱFERCȱpermits.ȱȱConnellyȱLakeȱhasȱ theȱ capacityȱ toȱ produceȱ 10ȱ toȱ 15ȱ MW,ȱ andȱ Schubeeȱ Lakeȱ hasȱ aȱ 3ȱ toȱ 5ȱ MWȱ capacity.ȱȱTheȱ Connellyȱ Lakeȱ facilityȱ couldȱ beȱ operationalȱ byȱ 2015ȱ orȱ 2016.ȱȱSchubeeȱ Lakeȱ wouldȱ likelyȱ notȱ beȱ operationalȱuntilȱ2018ȱorȱ2019.ȱ TheȱMunicipalityȱofȱSkagwayȱisȱinvestigatingȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱaȱhydroelectricȱdamȱprojectȱatȱ Westȱ Creek.ȱȱThatȱ facilityȱ hasȱ theȱ capacityȱtoȱ produceȱ25ȱ toȱ 50ȱMWȱ ofȱ powerȱinȱ theȱ future.ȱȱTheȱ intentȱofȱthisȱprojectȱisȱtoȱcompleteȱtransmissionȱlinesȱtoȱconnectȱitȱtoȱtheȱCanadianȱelectricȱgrid,ȱ andȱsellȱpowerȱtoȱCanada.ȱȱNoȱFERCȱpermitsȱhaveȱbeenȱappliedȱforȱasȱyet,ȱandȱitȱisȱunlikelyȱthisȱ facilityȱwouldȱbeȱoperationalȱbeforeȱ2017ȱorȱ2018.ȱȱȱ Onȱ theȱ Canadianȱ sideȱ ofȱ theȱ border,ȱ Yukonȱ Energy,ȱ theȱ electricȱ utilityȱ servingȱ theȱ Yukonȱ Territoryȱ(YT),ȱ isȱdevelopingȱtwoȱsmallȱprojectsȱnearȱTutshiȱLakeȱ southȱofȱCarcross,ȱYT.ȱȱOneȱofȱ thoseȱ projectsȱ wouldȱ beȱ aȱ pumpedȱ storageȱ project.ȱȱTheȱ currentȱ transmissionȱ lineȱ fromȱ Whitehorse,ȱ YTȱ toȱ Carcross,ȱ YTȱ endsȱ aboutȱ 47ȱ milesȱ fromȱ theȱ Alaskaȱ border.ȱȱAPC’sȱ existingȱ 34.5ȱ kVȱ distributionȱ linesȱ extendȱ toȱ withinȱ approximatelyȱ 7ȱ milesȱ ofȱ theȱ Alaskaȱ border.ȱȱThisȱ projectȱ wouldȱ extendȱ theȱlineȱaboutȱ10ȱtoȱ15ȱ milesȱ closerȱtoȱtheȱ Alaskaȱborder,ȱreducingȱtheȱ gapȱ betweenȱtheȱtwoȱsystems.ȱȱYukonȱEnergyȱhasȱinterestȱinȱconnectingȱtoȱtheȱSkagwayȱelectricȱgridȱ inȱorderȱtoȱpurchaseȱpowerȱforȱtheȱincreasingȱminingȱactivityȱinȱtheȱYukonȱregion.1ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 1ȱȱ Personalȱ conversationȱ withȱ Hectorȱ Campbell,ȱ Directorȱ ofȱ Resourceȱ Planningȱ &ȱ Regulatoryȱ Affairs,ȱYukonȱEnergy,ȱWhitehorse,ȱYT,ȱCanada,ȱOctoberȱ2011. BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 10ȱ 2.2.5 ExistingȱElectricȱLoadȱProfileȱ Tableȱ2Ȭ4ȱpresentsȱpowerȱgenerationȱandȱusageȱinȱHainesȱandȱSkagwayȱfromȱ2004ȱthroughȱ2010.ȱȱ Whileȱ thereȱ isȱ moreȱ demandȱ forȱ powerȱ inȱ theȱ summerȱ becauseȱ ofȱ theȱ increasedȱ populationȱ andȱ visitation,ȱ thereȱ isȱ ampleȱ existingȱ hydroelectricȱ generationȱ duringȱ theȱ summerȱ season.ȱȱDuringȱ theȱ winter,ȱ asȱ Goatȱ Lakeȱ drainsȱ down,ȱ andȱ Kasidayaȱ Creekȱ isȱ offȬline,ȱ supplementalȱ energyȱ isȱ generatedȱwithȱdieselȱgenerators.ȱȱȱ Tableȱ2Ȭ4:ȱȱRecentȱElectricȱSystemȱStatisticsȱ ȱ Parameterȱ 2004ȱ 2005ȱ 2006ȱ 2007ȱ 2008ȱ 2009ȱ 2010ȱ kWhȱGeneratedȱ 23,907,062ȱ 23,931,656ȱ NAȱ 28,020,445ȱ 31,738,747ȱ 28,309,127ȱ 28,251,646ȱ kWhȱGeneratedȱwithȱ Dieselȱ 761,200ȱ 189,680ȱ 219,160ȱ 1,296,970ȱ 3,073,780ȱ 1,236,110ȱ 238,820ȱ (Dieselȱasȱ%ȱofȱtotalȱ generation)ȱ 3.2%ȱ 0.8%ȱ NAȱ 4.6%ȱ 9.7%ȱ 4.4%ȱ 0.8%ȱ kWhȱSoldȱ 21,825,252ȱ 22,297,987ȱ NAȱ 24,172,427ȱ 25,210,170ȱ 25,063,025ȱ 24,286,111ȱ SystemȱLossesȱȱ (Generatedȱbutȱnotȱsold)ȱ 8.71%ȱ 6.83%ȱ NAȱ 13.73%ȱ 20.57%ȱ 11.47%ȱ 14.04%ȱ FuelȱPriceȱȱ (annualȱaverage)ȱ $1.14ȱ $1.61ȱ $2.01ȱ $2.57ȱ $2.84ȱ $2.17ȱ $2.68ȱ FuelȱUsedȱ(gallons)ȱ 60,312ȱ 19,081ȱ 20,375ȱ 90,969ȱ 210,423ȱ 86,836ȱ 18,236ȱ TotalȱFuelȱExpenseȱ 68,805ȱ 30,699ȱ 40,915ȱ 234,061ȱ 596,603ȱ 188,049ȱ $48,876ȱ TotalȱNonȬFuelȱExpenseȱ 995,989ȱ 1,276,902ȱ 1,007,552ȱ 846,263ȱ 968,983ȱ 1,207,594ȱ $3,060,050ȱ TotalȱUtilityȱExpenseȱ $1,064,794ȱ $1,307,601ȱ $1,048,467ȱ $1,080,324ȱ $1,565,586ȱ $1,395,643ȱ $3,108,926ȱ PowerȱCostȱperȱkWhȱsoldȱ $0.02ȱ $0.03ȱ NAȱ $0.02ȱ $0.03ȱ $0.03ȱ $0.06ȱ DieselȱGenerationȱ Efficiencyȱȱ(kWh/gal)ȱ 12.6ȱ 9.9ȱ 10.8ȱ 14.3ȱ 14.6ȱ 14.2ȱ 13.1ȱ Allȱ dataȱ isȱ compiledȱ fromȱ monthlyȱ Powerȱ Costȱ Equalizationȱ programȱ recordsȱ providedȱ byȱ AEA.ȱȱDataȱ isȱ inȱ stateȱ fiscalȱyearsȱ(Julyȱ1stȱthroughȱJuneȱ30th).ȱ kWh:ȱkilowattȬhoursȱ gal:ȱgallonsȱ ȱ Theȱ dataȱ aboveȱ showsȱ thatȱ moreȱ powerȱ isȱ consistentlyȱ generatedȱ byȱ APCȱ thanȱ isȱ consumedȱ inȱ theȱHainesȱandȱSkagwayȱmarkets.ȱȱThisȱisȱdueȱinȱpartȱtoȱinherentȱdistributionȱsystemȱlossesȱthatȱ areȱtypicalȱofȱanyȱutilityȱsystem.ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 11ȱ 2.2.6 ProjectedȱFutureȱElectricȱLoadȱProfileȱ Tableȱ 2Ȭ5ȱ presentsȱ averageȱ populationȱ inȱ theȱ projectȱ areaȱ andȱ kilowattȬhoursȱ (kWh)ȱ soldȱ betweenȱ 2004ȱ andȱ 2010.ȱȱAnȱ intertieȱ toȱ theȱ Chilkatȱ Valleyȱ wasȱ completedȱ inȱ 2007,ȱ whichȱ wouldȱ haveȱ causedȱ anȱ increaseȱ inȱ powerȱ usageȱ inȱ thatȱ yearȱ thatȱ wouldȱ haveȱ flattenedȱ outȱ inȱ subsequentȱ years.ȱȱEvenȱ withȱ aȱ growthȱ ofȱ populationȱ ofȱ overȱ 10%ȱ betweenȱ 2009ȱ andȱ 2010,ȱ energyȱusageȱdroppedȱbyȱaboutȱ3%ȱinȱthatȱyear.ȱȱȱȱ ȱ Tableȱ2Ȭ5:ȱȱChangesȱinȱPopulationȱandȱEnergyȱConsumptionȱinȱHainesȱandȱSkagway,ȱ2004ȱtoȱ2010ȱ ȱ ȱ Yearȱ AnnualȱAverageȱ Populationȱ Percentȱ Changeȱ kWhȱSoldȱ Percentȱ Changeȱ kWhȱSoldȱ perȱResidentȱ Percentȱ Changeȱ 2004ȱ 3,726ȱȬ0.4%ȱ 21,825,252ȱȱ 5,858ȱȱ 2005ȱ 3,615ȱȬ3.0%ȱ 22,297,987ȱ 2.2%ȱ 6,168ȱ 5.3%ȱ 2006ȱ 3,677ȱ 1.7%ȱ 23,168,671ȱ 3.9%ȱ 6,301ȱ 2.2%ȱ 2007ȱ 3,669ȱȬ0.2%ȱ 24,172,427ȱ 4.3%ȱ 6,588ȱ 4.6%ȱ 2008ȱ 3,732ȱ 1.7%ȱ 25,210,170ȱ 4.3%ȱ 6,755ȱ 2.5%ȱ 2009ȱ 3,728ȱȬ0.1%ȱ 25,063,025ȱȬ0.6%ȱ 6,724ȱȬ0.5%ȱ 2010ȱ 4,121ȱ 10.6%ȱ 24,286,111ȱȬ3.1%ȱ 5,893ȱȬ12.4%ȱ Sources:ȱȱȱ Alaskaȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Laborȱ andȱ Workforceȱ Development,ȱ andȱ Alaskaȱ Energyȱ Authorityȱ Powerȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ CostȱEqualizationȱProgramȱreports.ȱȱȱ kWh:ȱȱ kilowattȬhourȱ Note:ȱȱ Anȱ intertieȱ toȱ theȱ Chilkatȱ Valleyȱ wasȱ completedȱ inȱ 2007.ȱȱThisȱ connectionȱ wouldȱ haveȱ causedȱ anȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ increaseȱinȱpowerȱusageȱthatȱwouldȱhaveȱflattenedȱoutȱinȱsubsequentȱyears.ȱ Accordingȱ toȱ theȱ populationȱ projectionsȱ producedȱ byȱ theȱ Alaskaȱ Stateȱ demographer’sȱ office,ȱ populationȱ isȱ expectedȱ toȱ declineȱ byȱ anȱ averageȱ annualȱ rateȱ ofȱ 1.8%ȱ inȱ theȱ Hainesȱ Boroughȱ betweenȱ 2009ȱ andȱ 2034.ȱȱPopulationȱ projectionsȱ wereȱ notȱ developedȱ forȱ theȱ Municipalityȱ ofȱ Skagwayȱ alone,ȱ andȱ theȱ communitiesȱ combinedȱ withȱ Skagwayȱ inȱ theȱ projectionsȱ thatȱ wereȱ developedȱ areȱ soȱ economicallyȱ andȱ demographicallyȱ differentȱ fromȱ Skagway,ȱ thatȱ thisȱ dataȱ isȱ notȱusefulȱforȱanȱanalysisȱofȱfutureȱpopulationȱchangesȱinȱthatȱcommunity.ȱȱHowever,ȱitȱisȱlikelyȱ thatȱ Skagway’sȱ futureȱ populationȱ willȱ notȱ declineȱ asȱ rapidlyȱ asȱ isȱ projectedȱ forȱ theȱ Hainesȱ population.ȱ Cruiseȱshipȱtrafficȱhadȱbeenȱonȱaȱslightȱdecline,ȱbutȱisȱexpectedȱtoȱbeginȱincreasingȱagainȱinȱ2012.ȱȱ However,ȱSkagwayȱhasȱaȱsmallȱportȱarea,ȱandȱisȱnearlyȱatȱcapacityȱforȱtheȱnumberȱofȱshipsȱitȱcanȱ hostȱeachȱday.ȱȱThereȱisȱroomȱforȱgrowthȱinȱcruiseȱshipȱtrafficȱatȱHaines,ȱhowever.ȱȱȱ Increasedȱ energyȱ efficiencyȱ andȱ conservationȱ putsȱ downwardȱ pressureȱ onȱ growthȱ ofȱ energyȱ demand.ȱȱAsȱ aȱ resultȱ ofȱ theȱ slowingȱ populationȱ growth,ȱ slowingȱ perȱ capitaȱ energyȱ consumption,ȱ andȱ possibleȱ slowȱ growthȱ inȱ visitorsȱ toȱ theȱ area,ȱ growthȱ inȱ energyȱ demandȱ isȱ expectedȱtoȱdeclineȱslightly.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 12ȱ Threeȱ potentialȱ futureȱ occurrencesȱ inȱ theȱ projectȱ areaȱ couldȱ putȱ additionalȱ loadsȱ onȱ energyȱ demand.ȱȱTwoȱ ofȱ thoseȱ occurrencesȱ areȱ somewhatȱ linkedȱ toȱ developmentȱ ofȱ additionalȱ alternativeȱenergyȱresources,ȱandȱoneȱmayȱbeȱinfluencedȱbyȱadditionȱofȱthoseȱresources.ȱȱȱȱ ¾ȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ isȱ facingȱ growingȱ powerȱ demandȱ fromȱ miningȱ projectsȱ inȱ theȱ Yukonȱ Territory.ȱȱTheȱ companyȱ isȱ developingȱ twoȱ smallȱ projectsȱ nearȱ Tutshiȱ Lakeȱ southȱ ofȱ Carcross,ȱYT,ȱoneȱofȱwhichȱ isȱaȱpumpedȱstorageȱproject.ȱȱThatȱdevelopmentȱwouldȱbringȱ powerȱlinesȱcapableȱofȱtransmittingȱ5ȱtoȱ10ȱMWȱofȱpowerȱtoȱwithinȱaboutȱ35ȱmilesȱofȱtheȱ Alaskaȱ border,ȱ whichȱ isȱ nearȱ theȱ existingȱ limitȱ ofȱ APC’sȱ Skagwayȱ distributionȱ system.ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱpowerȱwouldȱworkȱwellȱwithȱtheȱplannedȱpumpedȱstorageȱprojectȱatȱTutshiȱ Lake,ȱ andȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ hasȱ expressedȱ interestȱ inȱ continuingȱ itsȱ transmissionȱ linesȱ toȱ theȱ Alaska/Canadaȱ borderȱ toȱ connectȱ withȱ theȱ Skagwayȱ gridȱ inȱ orderȱ toȱ purchaseȱ allȱ ofȱ theȱpowerȱ producedȱbyȱBurroȱ Creekȱ (atȱ$0.10ȱtoȱ$0.15ȱperȱ kWh)ȱ2.ȱȱIfȱ theȱ Municipalityȱofȱ Skagway’sȱ Westȱ Creekȱ orȱ otherȱ hydroelectricȱ powerȱ developmentsȱ occur,ȱ thisȱ transmissionȱconnectionȱcouldȱbeȱimprovedȱtoȱcarryȱmoreȱenergyȱintoȱCanada.ȱȱȱ ¾ȱ Withȱ developmentȱ ofȱ theȱ Connellyȱ and/orȱ Schubeeȱ Lakeȱ hydroelectricȱ facilitiesȱ (operationsȱ beginningȱ asȱ earlyȱ asȱ 2016),ȱ APCȱ wouldȱ likelyȱ developȱ shoreȱ powerȱ hookupsȱforȱ cruiseȱshipsȱ atȱSkagway.ȱȱUnderȱthisȱscenario,ȱitȱisȱpossibleȱthatȱAPCȱwouldȱ purchaseȱ allȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creek’sȱ powerȱ duringȱ theȱ cruiseȱ shipȱ seasonȱ (aboutȱ 20ȱ weeksȱ beginningȱ inȱ midȬMay,ȱ andȱ endingȱ inȱ midȱ toȱ lateȬSeptember).ȱȱThisȱ wouldȱ beȱ aȱ substantialȱportionȱofȱ Burroȱ Creek’sȱ annualȱoutputȱ(8,410,000ȱ kWh,ȱorȱ58%ȱofȱ theȱannualȱ outputȱfromȱaȱ3.4ȱMWȱproject,ȱconfigurationȱ3DȬ70).ȱȱȱ ¾ȱ Withȱ developmentȱ ofȱ theȱ Palmerȱ mineȱ projectȱ northȱ ofȱ Haines,ȱ demandȱ forȱ powerȱ willȱ increaseȱ significantly,ȱ andȱ APCȱ wouldȱ likelyȱ purchaseȱ allȱ theȱ powerȱ thatȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ couldȱ produceȱ yearȱ around.ȱȱIfȱ theȱ resultsȱ ofȱ ongoingȱ mineralȱ explorationȱ areȱ favorable,ȱ mineȱ constructionȱ couldȱ beginȱ inȱ 2020,ȱ withȱ theȱ mineȱ becomingȱ operationalȱ inȱ 2022.ȱȱȱȱ Powerȱdemandȱ duringȱ constructionȱisȱassumedȱtoȱbeȱaboutȱ2ȱMW,ȱ increasingȱtoȱaboutȱ4ȱ MWȱ whenȱ operationsȱ begin.ȱȱDevelopmentȱ ofȱ thisȱ mineȱ isȱ dependentȱ uponȱ mineralȱ pricesȱandȱotherȱvariables.ȱȱȱ Aȱ forecastȱ ofȱ futureȱ electricȱ demandȱ inȱ theȱ Hainesȱ andȱ Skagwayȱ areaȱ isȱ basedȱ onȱ existingȱ andȱ expectedȱ futureȱ trendsȱ inȱ populationȱ andȱ energyȱ consumptionȱ growth,ȱ andȱ considersȱ potentialȱ futureȱdevelopmentȱthatȱwillȱimpactȱenergyȱdemand.ȱȱTableȱ2Ȭ6ȱandȱFigureȱ2Ȭ1ȱpresentȱaȱ50Ȭyearȱ forecastȱ ofȱ energyȱ demandȱ growthȱ inȱ theȱ Haines/Skagwayȱ areasȱ underȱ severalȱ scenarios.ȱȱTheȱ loadȱ growthȱ associatedȱ withȱ aȱ connectionȱ toȱ theȱ Yukonȱ Electricȱ gridȱ isȱ notȱ quantifiedȱ inȱ thisȱ study,ȱ asȱ theȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ gridȱ isȱ substantiallyȱ largerȱ thanȱ theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ grid,ȱ andȱ aȱ connectionȱ toȱ theȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ gridȱ isȱ assumedȱ toȱ provideȱ aȱ marketȱ forȱ theȱ entireȱ outputȱ ofȱ aȱ BurroȱCreekȱproject.ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 2ȱȱ Personalȱ conversationȱ withȱ Hectorȱ Campbell,ȱ Directorȱ ofȱ Resourceȱ Planningȱ &ȱ Regulatoryȱ Affairs,ȱYukonȱEnergy,ȱWhitehorse,ȱYT,ȱCanada,ȱOctoberȱ2011. ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 13ȱ Tableȱ2Ȭ6:ȱȱHaines/SkagwayȱElectricalȱDemandȱForecast,ȱ2012ȱtoȱ2062ȱ ȱ NormalȱLoadȱScenarioȱ ȱȱȱ Yearȱ lowȱ Moderateȱ highȱ Moderateȱwithȱ CruiseȱShipsȱ Moderateȱ withȱMineȱ Moderateȱ withȱBothȱ 2012ȱ 24,286ȱ 24,286ȱ 24,286ȱ 24,286ȱ 24,286ȱ 24,286ȱ 2017ȱ 23,096ȱ 23,685ȱ 24,899ȱ 69,045ȱ 23,685ȱ 69,045ȱ 2022ȱ 21,964ȱ 23,099ȱ 25,528ȱ 68,459ȱ 58,139ȱ 103,499ȱ 2027ȱ 20,887ȱ 22,527ȱ 26,173ȱ 67,887ȱ 57,567ȱ 102,927ȱ 2032ȱ 19,864ȱ 21,969ȱ 26,833ȱ 67,329ȱ 57,009ȱ 102,369ȱ 2037ȱ 18,890ȱ 21,426ȱ 27,511ȱ 66,786ȱ 56,466ȱ 101,826ȱ 2042ȱ 17,964ȱ 20,895ȱ 28,206ȱ 66,255ȱ 55,935ȱ 101,295ȱ 2047ȱ 17,084ȱ 20,378ȱ 28,918ȱ 65,738ȱ 55,418ȱ 100,778ȱ 2052ȱ 16,247ȱ 19,874ȱ 29,648ȱ 65,234ȱ 54,914ȱ 100,274ȱ 2057ȱ 15,450ȱ 19,382ȱ 30,397ȱ 64,742ȱ 54,422ȱ 99,782ȱ 2062ȱ 14,693ȱ 18,902ȱ 31,164ȱ 64,262ȱ 53,942ȱ 99,302ȱ Source:ȱȱSoutheastȱStrategies,ȱOctoberȱ2011.ȱȱAllȱunitsȱareȱannualȱmegawattȬhours.ȱ Tableȱ2Ȭ6ȱandȱFigureȱ2Ȭ1ȱincorporateȱtheȱfollowingȱassumptions:ȱ Ɣȱ Underȱ theȱ Normalȱ Loadȱ Scenario,ȱ theȱ lowȱ growthȱ forecastȱ assumesȱ aȱ dropȱ inȱ energyȱ demandȱ ofȱ 1%ȱ perȱ yearȱ dueȱ toȱ forecastedȱ decliningȱ population,ȱ andȱ increasedȱ energyȱ efficiencyȱfromȱimprovedȱtechnology.ȱȱȱ Ɣȱ Underȱ theȱ Normalȱ Loadȱ Scenario,ȱ theȱ moderateȱ growthȱ forecastȱ assumesȱ aȱ dropȱ inȱ energyȱ demandȱ ofȱ 0.5%ȱ perȱ yearȱ dueȱ mainlyȱ toȱ increasedȱ energyȱ efficiencyȱ fromȱ improvedȱtechnology,ȱandȱassumesȱonlyȱaȱslightȱdropȱinȱpopulation.ȱȱȱ Ɣȱ Underȱ theȱ Normalȱ Loadȱ Scenario,ȱ theȱ highȱ growthȱ forecastȱ assumesȱ anȱ increaseȱ inȱ energyȱdemandȱofȱ0.5%ȱperȱyearȱdueȱmainlyȱaȱslightȱincreaseȱinȱpopulationȱandȱbusinessȱ activityȱinȱtheȱarea.ȱȱȱ Ɣȱ Theȱ Moderateȱ Growthȱ Forecastȱ withȱ Cruiseȱ Shipsȱ scenarioȱ assumesȱ theȱ moderateȱ growthȱ forecastȱ forȱ theȱ normalȱ energyȱ load,ȱ withȱ theȱ developmentȱ ofȱ shoreȱ powerȱ hookȱ upsȱ forȱ cruiseȱ shipsȱinȱ Skagwayȱbeginningȱ inȱ2017.ȱȱThisȱscenarioȱ assumesȱanȱ averageȱofȱ 3ȱ shipsȱ perȱ dayȱ tyingȱ intoȱ shoreȱ powerȱ forȱ 12ȱ hoursȱ perȱ day,ȱ forȱ 140ȱ days.ȱȱThisȱ forecastȱ assumesȱ eachȱ shipȱ requiresȱ anȱ averageȱ ofȱ 9ȱ MWȱ ofȱ power,ȱ andȱ theȱ totalȱ additionalȱ powerȱdemandȱperȱseasonȱwouldȱequalȱ45,360ȱMWh.ȱȱȱ Ɣȱ Theȱ Moderateȱ Growthȱ Forecastȱ withȱ Mineȱ scenarioȱ assumesȱ thatȱ theȱ Palmerȱ mineȱ northȱ ofȱHainesȱwillȱbeȱdeveloped,ȱandȱconnectȱtoȱtheȱpowerȱgridȱatȱHaines.ȱȱItȱisȱassumedȱthatȱ constructionȱ ofȱ theȱ mineȱ beginsȱ inȱ 2020,ȱ andȱ continuesȱ forȱ twoȱ years.ȱȱMineȱ operationsȱ wouldȱ beginȱ inȱ 2022,ȱ andȱ continueȱ atȱ aȱ steadyȱ paceȱ throughȱ atȱ leastȱ theȱ endȱ ofȱ theȱ forecastȱ period.ȱȱThatȱ loadȱ wasȱ addedȱ toȱ theȱ moderateȱ growthȱ forecastȱ forȱ theȱ normalȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 14ȱ energyȱ loadȱ forȱ thisȱ scenario.ȱȱMineȱ operationsȱ areȱ assumedȱ toȱ requireȱ anȱ averageȱ ofȱ 4ȱ MWȱ yearȱ aroundȱ (theȱ Kensingtonȱ Mineȱ northȱ ofȱ Juneauȱ currentlyȱ usesȱ 6ȱ toȱ 7ȱ MWȱ yearȱ around),ȱwithȱhalfȱthatȱloadȱusedȱduringȱtheȱconstructionȱphaseȱ(2020ȱandȱ2021).ȱȱȱ ȱ Figureȱ2Ȭ1:ȱȱHaines/SkagwayȱModerateȱElectricalȱDemandȱForecast,ȱ2012ȱtoȱ2062ȱ ȱ ȱ Source:ȱSoutheastȱStrategies,ȱ2011.ȱ MWh:ȱȱmegawattȬhours.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 15ȱ 3.0 HYDROELECTRICȱDEVELOPMENTȱOPTIONSȱȱ 3.1 RESOURCEȱDESCRIPTIONȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ isȱ locatedȱ approximatelyȱ twoȱ milesȱ southwestȱ ofȱ Skagway,ȱ Alaskaȱ (Figureȱ AȬ1).ȱȱ Theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basinȱ isȱ inȱ aȱ transitionalȱ areaȱ betweenȱ theȱ moderateȱ maritimeȱ climateȱ ofȱ southeastȱ Alaskaȱandȱtheȱmoreȱ extremeȱcontinentalȱ climateȱofȱ theȱ Yukon.ȱȱAnnualȱ precipitationȱ inȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basinȱ isȱ estimatedȱ atȱ 80ȱ inches,ȱ basedȱ onȱ measuredȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ flowsȱ andȱ largeȬscaleȱ isohyetalȱ mapsȱ ofȱ Alaska.ȱȱTotalȱ annualȱ precipitationȱ inȱ Skagwayȱ isȱ 26ȱ inches.ȱȱTheȱ differenceȱbetweenȱmeasuredȱprecipitationȱinȱSkagwayȱandȱestimatedȱprecipitationȱinȱtheȱBurroȱ Creekȱ basinȱ isȱ attributedȱ toȱ orographicȱ effectsȱ thatȱ resultȱ inȱ microȬclimateȱ variationsȱ (rainȱ shadows,ȱetc.)ȱinȱtheȱarea’sȱmountainousȱterrainȱ3.ȱȱȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ drainsȱ anȱ eastȬfacingȱ basinȱ runningȱ onȱ aȱ southeastȱ –ȱ northwestȱ axisȱ thatȱ isȱ 2ȱ toȱ 3ȱ milesȱ wideȱ andȱ 5.5ȱ milesȱ long,ȱ totalingȱ approximatelyȱ 12ȱ squareȱ milesȱ inȱ area.ȱȱTheȱ basinȱ extendsȱ fromȱ tidewaterȱ onȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ upȱ toȱ aȱ seriesȱ ofȱ 4,500ȱ toȱ 5,500ȱ footȱ peaksȱ toȱ theȱ northȱ andȱ4,000ȱtoȱ 4,500ȱ footȱpeaksȱtoȱtheȱ south.ȱȱProminentȱpeaksȱincludeȱFaceȱ Mountainȱ (4,830ȱ feet),ȱ Parsonsȱ Peakȱ (5,600ȱ feet+),ȱ andȱ Mountȱ Hardingȱ (5,321ȱ feet).ȱȱSeveralȱ otherȱ peaksȱ 4,000ȱ toȱ 5,500ȱ feetȱ inȱ elevationȱ surroundȱ theȱ basin.ȱȱTheȱ basinȱ hasȱ littleȱ toȱ noȱ glaciation,ȱ andȱ isȱ forestedȱ toȱ anȱ elevationȱofȱapproximatelyȱ3,000ȱfeet.ȱȱTheȱbasinȱisȱborderedȱbyȱWestȱCreek,ȱaȱtributaryȱofȱTaiyaȱ River,ȱ toȱ theȱ north,ȱ andȱ byȱ Ferebeeȱ Riverȱ toȱ theȱ westȱ andȱ south.ȱȱMinorȱ drainagesȱ dischargingȱ directlyȱ toȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ areȱ locatedȱ northeastȱ andȱ southeastȱ ofȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basin.ȱȱTheȱ basinȱ isȱ mountainous,ȱ withȱ littleȱ evidenceȱ ofȱ extensiveȱ alluvialȱ orȱ fluvialȱ depositsȱ exceptȱ alongȱ theȱ valleyȱbottomȱwhereȱBurroȱCreekȱflows.ȱȱBedrockȱisȱvisibleȱatȱtheȱsurfaceȱinȱmanyȱareas.ȱȱȱ Theȱ lowerȱ approximatelyȱ 3,550ȱ feetȱ (0.67ȱ miles)ȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ isȱ locatedȱ onȱ USSȱ 1560,ȱ aȱ 121Ȭ acreȱ propertyȱ ownedȱ byȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ Holdings,ȱ LLC.ȱȱTheȱ upperȱ reachȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ itsȱ headwatersȱisȱlocatedȱonȱFederalȱlandȱmanagedȱbyȱtheȱBureauȱofȱLandȱManagementȱ(BLM).ȱȱȱ Fromȱ tidewaterȱ upȱ toȱ mileȱ 0.13,ȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ runsȱ atȱ aȱ gradientȱ ofȱ approximatelyȱ 7%ȱ overȱ aȱ combinationȱ ofȱ exposedȱ bedrock,ȱ cobbles,ȱ andȱ boulders.ȱȱThereȱ isȱ anȱ approximatelyȱ 15Ȭfootȱ waterfallȱ atȱ mileȱ 0.13ȱ (Photographȱ BȬ2).ȱȱFromȱ mileȱ 0.13ȱ toȱ 0.42,ȱ theȱ creekȱ gradientȱ isȱ approximatelyȱ 12%.ȱȱAtȱ mileȱ 0.42,ȱ thereȱ isȱ aȱ diversionȱ structureȱ forȱ theȱ existingȱ smallȱ hydroȱ plantȱ atȱ anȱ elevationȱ ofȱ 235ȱ feetȱ atȱ theȱ headȱ ofȱ aȱ seriesȱ ofȱ rockȱ sillsȱ thatȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ cascadesȱ downȱ(PhotographȱBȬ6).ȱȱBetweenȱ thisȱ diversionȱ structureȱ andȱ theȱwesterlyȱpropertyȱline,ȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ runsȱ atȱ approximatelyȱ 8%,ȱ risingȱ toȱ anȱ elevationȱ ofȱ 340ȱ feetȱ atȱ theȱ westerlyȱ USSȱ 1560ȱ propertyȱ line.ȱȱTheȱ creekȱ cascadesȱ overȱ largeȱ bouldersȱ andȱ cobblesȱ throughoutȱ thisȱ reachȱ (PhotographȱBȬ15).ȱȱUpstreamȱfromȱtheȱpropertyȱline,ȱBurroȱCreekȱrunsȱatȱapproximatelyȱ10%ȱtoȱ mileȱ1.00ȱ(elevationȱ500ȱfeet),ȱthenȱatȱ5ȱtoȱ8%ȱtoȱmileȱ2.58ȱ(elevationȱ1,160ȱfeet).ȱȱMajorȱtributariesȱ flowȱ intoȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ betweenȱ mileȱ 2.58ȱ andȱ 2.74.ȱȱAboveȱ these,ȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ continuesȱ forȱ approximatelyȱ sixȱ moreȱ milesȱ toȱ itsȱ alpineȱ headwaters.ȱȱTheȱ reachȱ fromȱ mileȱ 2.58ȱ downȱ toȱ tidewater,ȱorȱaȱsubsetȱthereof,ȱisȱofȱinterestȱforȱhydropowerȱdevelopment.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 3ȱPrecipitationȱdataȱandȱsourcesȱareȱdiscussedȱinȱSectionȱC.1ȱofȱAppendixȱC.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 16ȱ 3.2 OVERVIEWȱOFȱPROJECTȱCONFIGURATIONSȱCONSIDEREDȱ Theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basinȱ lacksȱ anyȱ notableȱ damȱ sitesȱ suitableȱ forȱ significantȱ storageȱ reservoirs.ȱȱ Whileȱ damsȱ mayȱ beȱ technicallyȱ feasibleȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creek,ȱ theȱ costȱ ofȱ aȱ damȱ isȱ expectedȱ toȱ beȱ outȱ ofȱproportionȱtoȱtheȱvalueȱofȱtheȱresultingȱstorageȱandȱhydropowerȱregulationȱforȱaȱprojectȱlargeȱ enoughȱ toȱ exportȱ powerȱ toȱ theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ market.ȱȱAccordingly,ȱ thisȱ studyȱ onlyȱ considersȱrunȬofȬriverȱhydropowerȱoptionsȱatȱBurroȱCreek.ȱȱȱ Severalȱ potentialȱ diversionȱ sites,ȱ powerhouseȱ sites,ȱ andȱ designȱ flowsȱ wereȱ evaluatedȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheseȱ areȱ summarizedȱ inȱ Tableȱ 3Ȭ1ȱ andȱ discussedȱ inȱ Appendixȱ G.ȱȱTheȱ fiveȱ differentȱ diversionȱ locations,ȱ numberedȱ 1ȱ throughȱ 5,ȱ areȱ shownȱ onȱ FiguresȱȱAȬ2,ȱ AȬ3,ȱ andȱ AȬ4ȱ inȱ Appendixȱ A.ȱȱTheȱ fourȱ differentȱ powerhouseȱ locations,ȱ numberedȱ Aȱ throughȱ D,ȱ areȱ shownȱ inȱ FigureȱAȬ3.ȱȱȱ Tableȱ3Ȭ1:ȱȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱConsideredȱ Parameterȱ ValuesȱConsideredȱ DiversionȱLocationȱ 1.ȱȱ1,160ȱfootȱelevationȱȱ 2.ȱȱ1,000ȱfootȱelevationȱȱ 3.ȱȱ800ȱfootȱelevationȱ 4.ȱȱPropertyȱLineȱ(340ȱfootȱelevation)ȱ 5.ȱȱExistingȱDiversionȱ(235ȱfootȱelevation)ȱ PowerhouseȱLocationȱ A.ȱȱExistingȱPowerhouseȱ(33ȱfootȱelevation)ȱ B.ȱȱBelowȱFallsȱ(50ȱfootȱelevation)ȱ C.ȱȱAboveȱFallsȱ(80ȱfootȱelevation)ȱ D.ȱȱNorthȱofȱDockȱ(50ȱfootȱelevation)ȱ DesignȱFlowȱ 50ȱcfsȱ(30Ȭinchȱpenstock)ȱ 70ȱcfsȱ(36Ȭinchȱpenstock)ȱ 110ȱcfsȱ(42Ȭinchȱpenstock)ȱ CONFIGURATIONȱ CODESȱANDȱ NOMENCLATUREȱ Forȱbrevity,ȱprojectȱconfigurationsȱinȱthisȱreportȱareȱreferencedȱinȱ shorthand.ȱȱConfigurationȱ‘3DȬ70’ȱreferencesȱaȱprojectȱwithȱaȱdiversionȱatȱ siteȱ‘3’,ȱaȱpowerhouseȱatȱsiteȱ‘D’,ȱandȱaȱdesignȱflowȱofȱ70ȱcfs.ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ 3.3 RECOMMENDEDȱPROJECTȱCONFIGURATIONSȱȱ Combinationsȱ ofȱ theȱ projectȱ parametersȱ listedȱ inȱ Tableȱ 3Ȭ1ȱ wereȱ analyzedȱ forȱ estimatedȱ cost,ȱ estimatedȱ energyȱ generation,ȱ andȱ environmentalȱ issues.ȱȱToȱ aȱ significantȱ degree,ȱ theȱ mostȱ favorableȱ projectȱ configurationȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ willȱ dependȱ onȱ theȱ needsȱ ofȱ theȱ marketȱ thatȱ theȱ projectȱisȱbuiltȱtoȱserve.ȱȱThisȱsectionȱpresentsȱprojectȱconfigurationȱ‘3D’ȱwithȱaȱdesignȱflowȱofȱ70ȱ cfsȱ (referredȱ toȱ asȱ configurationȱ ‘3DȬ70’),ȱ whichȱ hasȱ theȱ lowestȱ estimatedȱ salesȱ priceȱ ofȱ power,ȱ assumingȱ allȱ projectȱ outputȱ isȱ soldȱ andȱ noȱ grantsȱ areȱ usedȱ forȱ theȱ project’sȱ developmentȱ costs.ȱȱ Severalȱ otherȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ haveȱ similarȱ estimatedȱ salesȱ pricesȱ asȱ configurationȱ 3DȬ70,ȱ andȱ areȱ alsoȱ technicallyȱ similarȱ toȱ 3DȬ70.ȱȱOtherȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ areȱ discussedȱ inȱ Appendixȱ G,ȱ andȱ estimatedȱ costsȱ andȱ energyȱ salesȱ pricesȱ forȱ otherȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ areȱ presentedȱ inȱ Appendixȱ H.ȱȱTableȱ HȬ2ȱ providesȱ estimatedȱ energyȱ salesȱ pricesȱ forȱ aȱ selectionȱ ofȱ projectȱconfigurations,ȱfinancingȱscenarios,ȱandȱmarketȱscenarios.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 17ȱ Projectȱ configurationȱ 3DȬ70ȱ hasȱ anȱ intakeȱ atȱ 800ȱ feetȱ elevationȱ (siteȱ 3)ȱ andȱ aȱ designȱ flowȱ ofȱ 70ȱ cubicȱ feetȱ perȱ secondȱ (cfs).ȱȱTheȱ estimatedȱ salesȱ priceȱ forȱ energyȱ generatedȱ byȱ thisȱ projectȱ configuration,ȱ assumingȱ theȱ fullȱ outputȱ isȱ sold,ȱ isȱ approximatelyȱ 12ȱ centsȱ perȱ kWh,ȱ usingȱ theȱ financialȱassumptionsȱdescribedȱinȱAppendixȱH.ȱȱȱ Atȱ thisȱ levelȱ ofȱ analysis,ȱ theȱ costȱ ofȱ powerȱ forȱ thisȱ projectȱ configurationȱ isȱ essentiallyȱ theȱ sameȱ forȱ theȱ fourȱ powerhouseȱ sitesȱ consideredȱ inȱ thisȱ study.ȱȱTheȱ differencesȱ inȱ penstockȱ lengthȱ andȱ totalȱ projectȱ headȱ betweenȱ theȱ variousȱ powerhouseȱ sitesȱ amountsȱ toȱ lessȱ thanȱ 5%ȱ variationȱ inȱ theȱestimatedȱsalesȱprice,ȱwhichȱisȱwithinȱtheȱmarginȱofȱerrorȱofȱthisȱstudy.ȱȱȱ Becauseȱ theȱ marketȱ forȱ powerȱ fromȱ thisȱ projectȱ isȱ notȱ wellȱ definedȱ atȱ thisȱ time,ȱ thereȱ isȱ latitudeȱ toȱ tailorȱ theȱ projectȱ toȱ theȱ needsȱ ofȱ theȱ customer.ȱȱTheȱ fullȱ rangeȱ ofȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ outlinedȱ inȱ Tableȱ 3Ȭ1ȱ haveȱ installedȱcapacitiesȱrangingȱfromȱ430ȱkWȱ upȱ toȱ 7.3ȱ MW,ȱandȱ averageȱ netȱ annualȱ energyȱ outputȱ fromȱ 2,041,000ȱ kWhȱ toȱ 20,581,000ȱ kWh.ȱȱThisȱ detailedȱ informationȱ inȱ providedȱinȱTableȱHȬ2ȱofȱAppendixȱH.ȱ 3.4 ESTIMATEDȱENERGYȱGENERATIONȱ Theȱ installedȱ capacityȱ ofȱ configurationȱ 3DȬ70ȱ isȱ 3.4ȱ MW,ȱ andȱ theȱ estimatedȱ annualȱ netȱ energyȱ generationȱ forȱ theȱ recommendedȱprojectȱ isȱ 13,127,000ȱkWh,ȱ forȱaȱ capacityȱfactorȱ ofȱ44%.ȱȱFigureȱ 3Ȭ1ȱ presentsȱ theȱ estimatedȱ seasonalȱ distributionȱ ofȱ thisȱ energyȱ output.ȱȱSeasonalȱ energyȱ outputȱ forȱotherȱprojectȱconfigurationsȱisȱpresentedȱinȱTableȱHȬ2ȱofȱAppendixȱH.ȱ Figureȱ3Ȭ1:ȱȱEstimatedȱAverageȱAnnualȱNetȱOutputȱofȱProjectȱ3DȬ70ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecEstimatedAverageDailyProjectNetPowerOutput(kW)0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 EstimatedAverageDailyNetEnergyGeneration(kWh)EstimatedAverageDailyNet PowerOutput(kW) EstimatedAverageDailyNet EnergyGeneration(kWh) BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 18ȱ 3.5 DESCRIPTIONȱOFȱPROJECTȱFEATURESȱ Keyȱfeaturesȱofȱprojectȱ3DȬ70ȱareȱdescribedȱinȱtheȱfollowingȱsections.ȱ 3.5.1 TransmissionȱLineȱ Aȱ transmissionȱ lineȱ isȱ requiredȱ toȱ getȱ theȱ outputȱ ofȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ projectȱ toȱ marketsȱ inȱ Skagwayȱ orȱ beyond.ȱȱFourȱ potentialȱ transmissionȱ lineȱ configurationsȱ wereȱ evaluatedȱ forȱ thisȱ study,ȱ andȱ areȱ describedȱ inȱ Appendixȱ G,ȱ sectionȱ G.3.ȱȱTheȱ mostȱeconomicalȱ transmissionȱ lineȱ isȱ aȱsubmarineȱcableȱroutedȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱSkagway.ȱȱAllȱprojectȱconfigurationsȱdiscussedȱinȱ thisȱ studyȱ includeȱ theȱ costȱ ofȱ aȱ transmissionȱ lineȱ toȱ Skagway,ȱ butȱ doȱ notȱ includeȱ otherȱ transmissionȱlineȱupgradesȱorȱextensionsȱ(e.g.,ȱfromȱtheȱAPCȱsystemȱnorthȱtoȱCarcross).ȱ Theȱ submarineȱ cableȱ routeȱ fromȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ Skagwayȱ isȱ shownȱ onȱ Figureȱ AȬ5ȱ inȱ Appendixȱ A.ȱȱTheȱ routeȱ isȱ approximatelyȱ 2.2ȱ milesȱ long,ȱ andȱ hasȱ aȱ maximumȱ depthȱ ofȱ approximatelyȱ 600ȱ feet.ȱȱTheȱ submarineȱ cableȱ installationȱ wouldȱ consistȱ ofȱ fourȱ individualȱ cables,ȱ threeȱ cablesȱ forȱ theȱ powerȱ intertieȱ andȱ aȱ fourthȱ cableȱ asȱ aȱ spareȱ inȱ theȱ eventȱ oneȱ ofȱ theȱ threeȱ inȬserviceȱ cablesȱ fails.ȱȱThisȱ approachȱ isȱ preferredȱ overȱ aȱ singleȱ bundledȱ cable,ȱ asȱ theȱ cablesȱ canȱ beȱ individuallyȱ laidȱ byȱ smallerȱ vesselsȱ availableȱ onȱ theȱ westȱ coastȱ ofȱ Northȱ America.ȱȱAȱ bundledȱ cableȱ wouldȱ likelyȱ requireȱ mobilizationȱ ofȱ aȱ moreȱ specializedȱ cableȱ layingȱ shipȱ fromȱ Asiaȱ orȱ Europe,ȱ whichȱ isȱ expectedȱ toȱ beȱ prohibitivelyȱ expensiveȱ forȱ thisȱ project.ȱȱAlso,ȱ inȱ theȱ eventȱ ofȱ aȱ cableȱ failure,ȱ aȱ singleȱ failedȱ cableȱ willȱ beȱ easierȱ toȱ liftȱ offȱ theȱ bottomȱ ofȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ forȱ repairȱ thanȱ aȱ bundledȱ cable.ȱ Theȱcablesȱwouldȱbeȱaȱjacketedȱfullȱconcentricȱneutralȱpowerȱcableȱwithȱ1/0ȱconductorȱinsulatedȱ forȱ25ȱkVȱACȱservice.ȱȱTheȱintertieȱwouldȱoperateȱatȱaȱvoltageȱofȱ24.9ȱkV.ȱȱCableȱarmorȱwouldȱbeȱ requiredȱ atȱ theȱ shoreȱ endsȱ toȱ protectȱ fromȱ abrasionȱ dueȱ toȱ waveȱ action.ȱȱMoreȱ studyȱ wouldȱ beȱ necessaryȱ toȱ determineȱ ifȱ cableȱ armorȱ isȱ necessaryȱ alongȱ theȱ entireȱ cableȱ route.ȱȱCurrents,ȱ bottomȱ conditions,ȱ commercialȱ fishingȱ activity,ȱ andȱ marineȱ practicesȱ (anchoring)ȱ wouldȱ allȱ beȱ determinantsȱ inȱ whetherȱ armorȱ isȱ neededȱ forȱ theȱ submarineȱ cables.ȱȱTheȱ feasibilityȱ costȱ estimatesȱassumeȱarmorȱisȱprovidedȱonlyȱforȱtheȱ800ȱfeetȱofȱcableȱnearestȱtoȱshoreȱatȱeachȱend.ȱȱȱ 3.5.2 ControlsȱandȱSystemȱIntegrationȱ Becauseȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ isȱ onlyȱ approximatelyȱ 2ȱ milesȱ lineȬofȬsightȱ fromȱ Skagway,ȱ aȱ dedicatedȱ secureȱ radioȱ communicationsȱ linkȱ isȱ suitableȱ forȱ communicationsȱ betweenȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ projectȱ andȱ theȱ APCȱ system.ȱȱAsȱ wouldȱ beȱ definedȱ inȱ theȱ powerȱ salesȱ agreementȱ betweenȱ BCHȱ andȱ APC,ȱ APCȱ wouldȱ haveȱ theȱ abilityȱ toȱ controlȱ projectȱ outputȱ asȱ partȱ ofȱ overallȱ managementȱ andȱoperationȱofȱgenerationȱassetsȱservingȱtheȱUpperȱLynnȱCanalȱgrid.ȱȱȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ operationsȱ wouldȱ beȱ controlledȱ byȱ anȱ onȬsiteȱ controlȱ systemȱ thatȱ wouldȱ monitorȱ flowȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ andȱ regulateȱ powerȱ generationȱ accordingly.ȱȱControlȱ andȱ powerȱ circuitsȱ wouldȱ beȱ runȱ alongȱ theȱ penstockȱ routeȱ fromȱ theȱ powerȱ houseȱ upȱ toȱ theȱ diversion/intakeȱ siteȱ toȱ monitorȱconditionsȱatȱtheȱintakeȱandȱactuateȱgatesȱandȱrelatedȱequipmentȱtoȱmaintainȱtheȱintakeȱ systemȱinȱanȱoperationalȱcondition.ȱȱȱ Theȱ hydroȱ turbineȱ wouldȱ beȱ regulatedȱ byȱ spearȱ valves,ȱ unlikeȱ theȱ existingȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ projectȱ whichȱ isȱ regulatedȱ byȱ deflectorȱ control.ȱȱSpearȱ valveȱ regulationȱ wouldȱ enableȱ theȱ largerȱ projectȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 19ȱ toȱoperateȱatȱ lowȱflows.ȱȱThisȱisȱnotȱ anȱ issueȱforȱtheȱexistingȱproject,ȱwhichȱhasȱ adequateȱflowȱ toȱ useȱdeflectorȱcontrolȱforȱfrequencyȱregulation.ȱ 3.5.3 AccessȱandȱStagingȱ Allȱ constructionȱ equipment,ȱ material,ȱ supplies,ȱ andȱ personnelȱ wouldȱ arriveȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ byȱ barge.ȱȱTheȱexistingȱ landingȱ areaȱ isȱ adequateȱforȱlandingȱ constructionȱ materialsȱ andȱ equipment.ȱȱ Existingȱ clearedȱ areasȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ areȱ likelyȱ adequateȱ forȱ projectȱ staging.ȱȱIfȱ not,ȱ stagingȱ couldȱ alsoȱ occurȱ inȱ Skagway,ȱ orȱ additionalȱ stagingȱ areasȱ couldȱ beȱ clearedȱ toȱ theȱ northȱ ofȱ theȱ existingȱ dock.ȱȱThereȱ isȱ adequateȱ spaceȱ inȱ thisȱ areaȱ toȱ maintainȱ aȱ vegetatedȱ bufferȱ alongȱ theȱ shoreȱtoȱscreenȱstagingȱactivitiesȱfromȱviewȱalongȱLynnȱCanal.ȱȱȱ Existingȱ trailsȱ onȱ USSȱ 1560ȱ extendȱ upȱ towardsȱ theȱ existingȱ intakeȱ atȱ elevationȱ 235ȱ feet.ȱȱTheseȱ trailsȱ wouldȱ beȱ improvedȱ toȱ provideȱ forȱ equipmentȱ accessȱ forȱ constructionȱ ofȱ thisȱ project.ȱȱ Terrainȱ aboveȱ theȱ existingȱ intakeȱ isȱ favorableȱ forȱ constructionȱ ofȱ trailsȱ upȱ toȱ theȱ westerlyȱ propertyȱ lineȱ ofȱ USSȱ 1560.ȱȱAboveȱ theȱ propertyȱ line,ȱ theȱ terrainȱ becomesȱ steep,ȱ andȱ significantȱ trailȬbuildingȱ workȱ willȱ beȱ necessaryȱ toȱ sideȬhillȱ aȱ benchȱ upȱ toȱ theȱ intakeȱ site.ȱȱSideȱ slopesȱ areȱ consistentlyȱ 50ȱ toȱ 100%ȱ forȱ approximatelyȱ 3,500ȱ feetȱ ofȱ theȱ penstockȱ /ȱ accessȱ routeȱ throughȱ thisȱ area.ȱȱDueȱtoȱtheȱprevalenceȱofȱshallowȱbedrockȱinȱthisȱarea,ȱsignificantȱblastingȱwillȱbeȱrequiredȱ toȱ establishȱ anȱ accessȱ trailȱ andȱ penstockȱ bench.ȱȱBecauseȱ ofȱ theȱ locationȱ upȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ valley,ȱ thisȱ accessȱ routeȱ andȱ penstockȱ benchȱ willȱ notȱ beȱ visibleȱ fromȱ Skagwayȱ butȱ willȱ beȱ partiallyȱvisibleȱtoȱshipȱtrafficȱonȱLynnȱCanal.ȱȱItȱwillȱbeȱvisibleȱfromȱtheȱair.ȱȱȱȱ 3.5.4 ConstructionȱScheduleȱ Constructionȱisȱscheduledȱ toȱoccurȱ overȱtwoȱ seasons.ȱȱTheȱfirstȱconstructionȱseasonȱwouldȱfocusȱ onȱ buildingȱ theȱ accessȱ trailȱ upȱ toȱ theȱ intake,ȱ buildingȱ theȱ powerhouseȱ andȱ tailrace,ȱ andȱ installingȱtheȱpenstock.ȱȱȱ Theȱ secondȱ constructionȱ seasonȱ wouldȱ startȱ withȱ constructionȱ ofȱ theȱ inȬstreamȱ diversionȱ structureȱ inȱ March.ȱȱThisȱ wouldȱ coincideȱ withȱ aȱ periodȱ ofȱ reliableȱ lowȱ flowȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creek,ȱ simplifyingȱ theȱ inȬstreamȱ constructionȱ workȱ forȱ theȱ diversionȱ structure.ȱȱDuringȱ theȱ summer,ȱ theȱ penstockȱ wouldȱ beȱ installed,ȱ theȱ submarineȱ cableȱ wouldȱ beȱ laid,ȱ andȱ theȱ turbine/generatorȱ equipmentȱwouldȱbeȱinstalledȱinȱtheȱpowerhouse.ȱȱȱ Constructionȱ wouldȱ beȱ completedȱ andȱ theȱ projectȱ commissionedȱ inȱ theȱ fallȱ ofȱ theȱ secondȱ constructionȱyear.ȱȱȱ 3.5.5 Intakeȱ Whileȱ thereȱ areȱ numerousȱ exposedȱ bedrockȱ sillsȱ onȱ theȱ lowerȱ reachesȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ betweenȱ tidewaterȱ andȱ theȱ existingȱ intakeȱ atȱmileȱ 0.42,ȱ thereȱdoesȱ notȱ appearȱ toȱbeȱ anyȱexposedȱ bedrockȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ aboveȱ theȱ vicinityȱ ofȱ theȱ existingȱ intake.ȱȱThisȱ conclusionȱ isȱ basedȱ onȱ fieldȱ investigationsȱ upȱ toȱ theȱ 700ȱ footȱ elevationȱ andȱ reviewȱ ofȱ aerialȱ imageryȱ upȱ toȱ theȱ 1,160ȱ footȱ elevation.ȱȱThroughoutȱ theȱ reachȱ fromȱ mileȱ 0.42ȱ upȱ toȱ mileȱ 2.58ȱ (whichȱ includesȱ conceptualȱ intakeȱ sitesȱ 1,ȱ 2,ȱ 3,ȱ andȱ 4),ȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ cascadesȱ overȱ cobblesȱ andȱ bouldersȱ atȱ gradientsȱ ofȱ 5ȱ toȱ 10%.ȱȱNoȱ notableȱ featuresȱ wereȱ identifiedȱ inȱ thisȱ reachȱ thatȱ presentȱ especiallyȱ favorableȱ intakeȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 20ȱ sites.ȱȱHowever,ȱ thereȱ areȱ threeȱ apparentȱ avalancheȱ hazardȱ areasȱ inȱ thisȱ reachȱ whereȱ projectȱ intakesȱ shouldȱ notȱ beȱ built.ȱȱTheseȱ areȱ approximatelyȱ locatedȱ fromȱ mileȱ 1.23ȱ toȱ 1.36,ȱ fromȱ mileȱ 2.06ȱ toȱ mileȱ 2.12,ȱ andȱ fromȱ mileȱ 2.18ȱ toȱ mileȱ 2.41ȱ alongȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱAllȱ ofȱ theseȱ avalancheȱ chutesȱextendȱdownȱfromȱtheȱsouthȱsideȱofȱBurroȱCreek,ȱwhereasȱtheȱpenstockȱwouldȱbeȱlocatedȱ onȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱBurroȱCreek.ȱȱȱȱȱ Theȱconceptualȱ diversionȱ andȱintakeȱ structureȱ designȱ forȱaȱprojectȱ withȱ anȱ intakeȱatȱsitesȱ1,ȱ 2,ȱ3,ȱ orȱ4ȱ(orȱinȱbetweenȱtheseȱlocations)ȱcallsȱforȱaȱreinforcedȱconcreteȱwallȱfoundedȱonȱalluviumȱandȱ buttressedȱ withȱ localȱ fill.ȱȱIfȱ geotechnicalȱ investigationsȱ identifyȱ shallowȱ bedrockȱ atȱ theȱ intakeȱ site,ȱ thatȱ wouldȱ beȱ advantageousȱ forȱ foundationȱ designȱ andȱ alsoȱ sealingȱ offȱ subsurfaceȱ flow.ȱȱ Theȱ intakeȱ wouldȱ incorporateȱ ObermeyerȬtypeȱ gatesȱ toȱ passȱ debrisȱandȱ floodȱ flows,ȱandȱ wouldȱ featureȱ aȱ protectedȱ forebayȱ toȱ divertȱ projectȱ flowsȱ fromȱ theȱ mainȱ channelȱ ofȱ theȱ creekȱ toȱ aȱ coandaȬtypeȱinclinedȱscreenȱintakeȱstructureȱtoȱscreenȱwaterȱandȱadmitȱitȱtoȱtheȱpenstock.ȱȱȱȱ 3.5.6 Penstockȱ Theȱ penstockȱ forȱ configurationȱ 3DȬ70ȱ wouldȱ beȱ anȱ approximatelyȱ 7,600ȱ footȱ long,ȱ 36Ȭinchȱ diameterȱ pipeline.ȱȱTheȱ firstȱ approximatelyȱ 5,000ȱ feetȱ ofȱ pipeȱ wouldȱ beȱ relativelyȱ lowȱ pressureȱ (underȱ 100ȱ psiȱ staticȱ pressure),ȱ andȱ canȱ beȱ constructedȱ ofȱ HDPEȱ orȱ PVCȱ pipe.ȱȱTheȱ lastȱ approximatelyȱ 2,600ȱ feetȱ ofȱ pipeȱ wouldȱ beȱ higherȱ pressureȱ (100ȱ toȱ 330ȱ psiȱ staticȱ pressure),ȱ andȱ wouldȱbeȱconstructedȱofȱsteelȱpipe.ȱȱȱ Theȱ pipeȱ canȱ beȱ installedȱ aboveȱ groundȱ orȱ buried.ȱȱThisȱ willȱ dependȱ onȱ theȱ geotechnicalȱ conditionsȱ alongȱ theȱ penstockȱ /ȱ accessȱ route,ȱ andȱ theȱ finalȱ designȱ andȱ configurationȱ ofȱ theȱ intakeȱ bench.ȱȱAȱ buriedȱ pipelineȱ wouldȱ beȱ moreȱ protectedȱ fromȱ coldȱ weatherȱ andȱ potentialȱ damageȱ fromȱ treeȱ falls.ȱȱAboveȱ groundȱ pipesȱ ofȱ thisȱ diameterȱ haveȱ littleȱ riskȱ ofȱ freezingȱ inȱ southeastȱ Alaskaȱ providedȱ theȱ waterȱ isȱ keptȱ movingȱ throughȱ theȱ pipe.ȱȱIfȱ theȱ projectȱ isȱ offȱ lineȱ inȱ theȱ winterȱ months,ȱ theȱ penstockȱ shouldȱ beȱ drainedȱ orȱ allowedȱ toȱ keepȱ flowingȱ throughȱ aȱ bypassȱvalveȱatȱtheȱpowerhouse.ȱȱȱ Penstocksȱ forȱ otherȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ wouldȱ beȱ similarȱ asȱ thatȱ forȱ configurationȱ 3DȬ70ȱ asȱ describedȱ above.ȱȱTheȱ diameter,ȱ length,ȱ andȱ transitionȱ pointsȱ betweenȱ materialsȱ andȱ pipeȱ wallsȱ wouldȱvaryȱasȱdictatedȱbyȱtheȱtechnicalȱdetailsȱofȱtheȱparticularȱconfiguration.ȱ 3.5.7 PowerhouseȱandȱTailraceȱ Theȱ powerhouseȱ wouldȱ beȱ anȱ approximatelyȱ 36Ȭfootȱ byȱ 36Ȭfootȱ buildingȱ housingȱ theȱ turbine,ȱ generator,ȱ switchgear,ȱ andȱ controlsȱ forȱ theȱ project.ȱȱTheȱ powerhouseȱ isȱ assumedȱ toȱ beȱ sitedȱ atȱ theȱlocationȱofȱtheȱ existingȱprojectȱpowerhouse,ȱbutȱ canȱbeȱmovedȱtoȱanyȱ ofȱ theȱotherȱthreeȱ sitesȱ listedȱinȱTableȱ3Ȭ1ȱwithȱaȱveryȱmodestȱimpactȱonȱprojectȱperformanceȱorȱeconomics.ȱȱȱ Theȱturbineȱ wouldȱ beȱaȱtwoȬjetȱPeltonȱturbineȱfittedȱ withȱ spearȱ valvesȱ forȱ powerȱ andȱfrequencyȱ regulation.ȱȱTheȱPeltonȱwheelȱwouldȱbeȱapproximatelyȱ30ȱinchesȱinȱdiameterȱandȱwouldȱdriveȱaȱ 720ȱrpmȱsynchronousȱgenerator.ȱȱȱȱȱ Theȱtailraceȱwouldȱbeȱanȱopenȱditchȱarmoredȱwithȱlocalȱcobblesȱandȱbouldersȱreturningȱwaterȱtoȱ BurroȱCreekȱjustȱaboveȱtidewater.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 21ȱ 4.0 MARKETȱANALYSISȱANDȱOPPORTUNITIESȱ 4.1 MARKETȱFORȱPOWERȱ Currently,ȱ APCȱ hasȱ slightȱ excessȱ hydroelectricȱ capacityȱ inȱ summer,ȱ andȱ notȱ quiteȱ enoughȱ hydroelectricȱcapacityȱinȱwinterȱforȱtheȱcommunitiesȱtheyȱserve.ȱȱInȱrecentȱyears,ȱpowerȱdemandȱ onȱtheȱAPCȱsystemȱhasȱdeclinedȱslightly,ȱlikelyȱdueȱtoȱaȱslightȱdeclineȱinȱvisitorsȱtoȱtheȱareaȱandȱ anȱ increaseȱ inȱ energyȱ efficiency.ȱȱWhileȱ thereȱ areȱ aȱ numberȱ ofȱ existingȱ opportunitiesȱ forȱ saleȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ power,ȱ theseȱ existingȱ opportunitiesȱ doȱ notȱ amountȱ toȱ aȱ marketȱ forȱ theȱ fullȱ outputȱ ofȱaȱprojectȱatȱBurroȱCreek.ȱȱȱTheseȱexistingȱopportunitiesȱareȱdiscussedȱinȱSectionȱ4.1.1.ȱ Thereȱ areȱ severalȱ emergingȱ developmentsȱ withinȱ theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ regionȱ thatȱ couldȱ buyȱ theȱ fullȱ outputȱ ofȱ aȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ project.ȱȱTheseȱ emergingȱ opportunitiesȱ includeȱ cruiseȱ linesȱ wantingȱtoȱuseȱshoreȱpowerȱwhileȱinȱportȱatȱSkagway,ȱtheȱPalmerȱProjectȱminingȱprospectȱnorthȱ ofȱ Haines,ȱ andȱ theȱ Canadianȱ powerȱ gridȱ ifȱ anȱ intertieȱ isȱ built.ȱȱTheseȱ opportunitiesȱ haveȱ developmentȱ schedulesȱ thatȱ areȱ similarȱ toȱ theȱ scheduleȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creek,ȱ andȱ areȱ discussedȱ inȱ Sectionȱ4.1.2.ȱȱȱȱ Sectionȱ 2.2.6ȱ presentsȱ longȬtermȱ energyȱ forecastsȱ underȱ aȱ varietyȱ ofȱ growthȱ andȱ largeȱ projectȱ scenarios.ȱȱȱTheȱ loadȱ growthȱ associatedȱ withȱ aȱ connectionȱ toȱ theȱ Yukonȱ Electricȱ gridȱ isȱ notȱ quantifiedȱ inȱ thisȱ study,ȱ asȱ theȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ gridȱ isȱ substantiallyȱ largerȱ thanȱ theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ grid,ȱ andȱ aȱ connectionȱ toȱ theȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ gridȱ isȱ assumedȱ toȱ provideȱ aȱ marketȱ forȱ theȱ entireȱoutputȱofȱaȱBurroȱCreekȱproject.ȱ 4.1.1 ExistingȱMarketȱOpportunitiesȱ Withoutȱ futureȱ developmentȱ ofȱ newȱ marketsȱ forȱ powerȱ inȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ (discussedȱ inȱ Sectionȱ 4.1.2),ȱ itȱ wouldȱ beȱ possibleȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ sellȱ powerȱ inȱ aȱ fewȱ instances.ȱȱAtȱ thisȱ time,ȱ theseȱ opportunitiesȱ areȱ aȱ viableȱ marketȱ forȱ onlyȱ aȱ portionȱ ofȱ theȱ outputȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱ Theseȱopportunitiesȱare:ȱ ¾ȱ Theȱ APCȱ generatesȱ anȱ averageȱ ofȱ 900,000ȱ kWhȱ ofȱ electricityȱ byȱ burningȱ dieselȱ fuelȱ eachȱ year.ȱȱThisȱmostlyȱoccursȱinȱlateȱwinter,ȱwhenȱtheirȱhydroelectricȱfacilitiesȱareȱshutȱdownȱ forȱ maintenanceȱ andȱ repairs.ȱȱTheȱ APCȱ mayȱ purchaseȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ powerȱ duringȱ thoseȱ times,ȱespeciallyȱ inȱ lateȱ winter,ȱwhenȱ Goatȱ Lakeȱ hasȱ drainedȱ down,ȱ andȱKasidayaȱ Creekȱ isȱ stillȱ frozenȱ toȱ avoidȱ dieselȱ generation.ȱȱLateȱ winterȱ powerȱ purchaseȱ couldȱ amountȱ toȱ upȱ toȱ 20ȱ daysȱ perȱ year.ȱȱȱUnfortunately,ȱ thisȱ isȱ theȱ timeȱ ofȱ yearȱ thatȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ hasȱ aȱ lowȱ flow,ȱ soȱ doesȱ notȱ produceȱ aȱ lotȱ ofȱ power.ȱȱRepresentativesȱ ofȱ APCȱ estimatedȱ theirȱ avoidedȱ costȱ ofȱ dieselȱ generationȱ inȱ theȱ HainesȬSkagwayȱ areaȱ atȱ aboutȱ $0.28ȱ perȱ kWh.ȱȱ Thatȱrateȱwillȱvaryȱwithȱchangesȱinȱtheȱpriceȱofȱdieselȱfuel.ȱ ¾ȱ Theȱ IPECȱ mayȱ purchaseȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ powerȱ ifȱ theȱ costȱ isȱ lessȱ thanȱ theȱ APCȱ powerȱ itȱ currentlyȱ purchasesȱ (aboutȱ 241,000ȱ kWhȱ perȱ yearȱ atȱ aboutȱ 12.35ȱ centsȱ perȱ kWh).ȱȱ However,ȱ IPECȱ continuesȱ toȱ acquireȱ andȱ developȱ itsȱ ownȱ sourcesȱ ofȱ power,ȱ soȱ mayȱ notȱ needȱBurroȱCreekȱpowerȱinȱtheȱlongȱterm.ȱȱAPCȱwouldȱchargeȱBCHȱaȱfeeȱtoȱmoveȱenergyȱ acrossȱ APC’sȱ distributionȱ systemȱ (calledȱ ‘wheeling’).ȱȱThisȱ feeȱ isȱ estimatedȱ atȱ twoȱ centsȱ perȱkWh.ȱ !!"# $% ! "# $ % & '! ( '!)*( '! '! + ( '!)* '!)* ,- . '!)* / 0 * 1 - 2 3 3 & 4 '! & 5 '!)* . '! 6 7 % & 8 % 9 !" &! #'(%% 7 3 , - : " 3 : * * 3 * - :* 3 * ; < 5& . '!( 45; = 7 3 * - : " . . ,- / % % ; 05< 7 ( > 7 - / & ?0 '! 7 , '! ( / & 5 ! @ 8 ! )8 ' : " :* A & 7 ' .2 BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 23ȱ beginningȱ inȱ midȬMay,ȱ andȱ endingȱ inȱ midȱ toȱ lateȬSeptember).ȱȱThisȱ wouldȱ beȱ betweenȱ 71ȱandȱ81%ȱofȱBurroȱCreek’sȱannualȱoutput,ȱdependingȱonȱtheȱprojectȱconfiguration.ȱȱȱȱ ¾ȱ Withȱ developmentȱ ofȱ theȱ Palmerȱ mineȱ projectȱ northȱ ofȱ Haines,ȱ demandȱ forȱ powerȱ willȱ increaseȱ significantly,ȱ andȱ APCȱ wouldȱ likelyȱ purchaseȱ allȱ theȱ powerȱ thatȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ couldȱ produceȱ yearȱ around.ȱȱIfȱ theȱ resultsȱ ofȱ ongoingȱ mineralȱ explorationȱ areȱ favorable,ȱ mineȱ constructionȱ couldȱ beginȱ inȱ 2020,ȱ withȱ theȱ mineȱ becomingȱ operationalȱ inȱ 2022.ȱȱȱȱ Powerȱdemandȱ duringȱ constructionȱisȱassumedȱtoȱbeȱaboutȱ2ȱMW,ȱ increasingȱtoȱaboutȱ4ȱ MWȱ whenȱ operationsȱ begin.ȱȱDevelopmentȱ ofȱ thisȱ mineȱ isȱ dependentȱ uponȱ mineralȱ pricesȱandȱotherȱvariables.ȱȱȱ 4.2 PROJECTȱCOSTȱESTIMATESȱ Appendixȱ Hȱ presentsȱ estimatedȱ capitalȱ costsȱ forȱ 15ȱ differentȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheȱ 15ȱ configurationsȱ includeȱ threeȱ differentȱ designȱ flowsȱ (50ȱ cfs,ȱ 70ȱ cfs,ȱ andȱ 110ȱ cfs)ȱ atȱ fiveȱ differentȱ diversionȱ elevations.ȱȱTheȱ capitalȱ costȱ estimatesȱ forȱ theseȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ rangeȱ fromȱ $4,342,000ȱ toȱ $21,069,000,ȱ andȱ inȱ allȱ casesȱ includeȱ aȱ transmissionȱ lineȱ toȱ Skagway.ȱȱ Appendixȱ Hȱ alsoȱ providesȱ estimatedȱ annualizedȱ costsȱ forȱ theseȱ projectȱ configurations,ȱ includingȱ debtȱ service,ȱ maintenance,ȱ operations,ȱ andȱ periodicȱ replacementȱ andȱ refurbishmentȱ rangingȱbetweenȱ$437,000ȱandȱ$4,082,000.ȱȱȱ 4.3 POTENTIALȱBURROȱCREEKȱBUSINESSȱOPPORTUNITIESȱ Appendixȱ Hȱ developsȱ costȱ estimatesȱ forȱ variousȱ projectȱ configurations,ȱ asȱ wellȱ asȱ estimatedȱ powerȱoutput,ȱ financingȱscenarios,ȱandȱestimatedȱ salesȱpricesȱ(centsȱ perȱkWh)ȱrequiredȱforȱeachȱ configuration.ȱȱForȱeachȱprojectȱconfiguration,ȱscenariosȱwereȱdevelopedȱforȱpartialȱpowerȱsales,ȱ andȱsalesȱofȱtheȱfullȱoutputȱofȱeachȱproject.ȱȱȱ Projectsȱ producingȱ aȱ baseȱ powerȱ costȱ ofȱ aboutȱ $0.10ȱ perȱ kWhȱ andȱ lowerȱ wouldȱ allowȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ powerȱ toȱ beȱ competitiveȱ inȱ currentȱ marketsȱ suchȱ asȱ wholesaleȱ toȱ IPEC,ȱ andȱ salesȱ toȱ businessȱ heldȱ inȱ common.ȱȱForȱ bothȱ ofȱ thoseȱ powerȱ markets,ȱ aȱ $0.02ȱ perȱ kWhȱ wheelingȱ chargeȱ forȱ useȱ ofȱ APCȱ transmissionȱ linesȱ wouldȱ beȱ addedȱ toȱ theȱ baseȱ charge,ȱ bringingȱ theȱ highestȱ feasibleȱ powerȱ costsȱ toȱ aboutȱ $0.12ȱ perȱ kWhȱ toȱ theȱ consumer.ȱȱIfȱ aȱ wholesaleȱ purchaseȱ agreementȱ withȱ APCȱ couldȱ beȱ developed,ȱ aȱ wheelingȱ chargeȱ wouldȱ beȱ unnecessary,ȱ andȱ projectsȱ withȱ slightlyȱ higherȱ kWhȱ costsȱ wouldȱ beȱ feasible.ȱȱHowever,ȱ asȱ APCȱ hasȱ beenȱ hesitantȱ toȱ stateȱ conditionsȱ andȱ costsȱ atȱ whichȱ theyȱ wouldȱ beȱ willingȱ toȱ purchaseȱ powerȱ fromȱ Burroȱ Creek,ȱ itȱ isȱ difficultȱ toȱ determineȱ whichȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ wouldȱ beȱ feasibleȱ ifȱ suchȱ anȱ agreementȱcouldȱbeȱreached.ȱȱȱ Becauseȱ itȱ isȱ unlikelyȱ thatȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ wouldȱ considerȱ buildingȱ aȱ transmissionȱ lineȱ connectingȱitsȱgridȱtoȱtheȱUpperȱLynnȱCanalȱsystemȱwithoutȱaȱpromiseȱofȱsalesȱofȱatȱleastȱ4ȱMWȱ inȱ capacity,ȱ theȱ proposedȱ projectsȱ wereȱ narrowedȱ toȱ onlyȱ thoseȱ withȱ anȱ installedȱ capacityȱ ofȱ overȱ4ȱMW.ȱȱHowever,ȱsmallerȱprojectsȱmayȱalsoȱbeȱfeasibleȱifȱaȱconnectionȱtoȱtheȱCanadianȱgridȱ isȱ notȱ developed,ȱ asȱ longȱ asȱ thoseȱ projectȱ costsȱ remainedȱ belowȱ $0.10ȱ perȱ kWh,ȱ orȱ aȱ wholesaleȱ powerȱ purchaseȱ agreementȱ withȱ APCȱ couldȱ beȱ reached.ȱȱNoneȱ ofȱ theȱ projectsȱ analyzedȱ inȱ Appendixȱ Hȱ wouldȱ haveȱ costsȱ atȱ orȱ belowȱ $0.10ȱ perȱ kWhȱ unlessȱ someȱ grantȱ fundingȱ forȱ thoseȱ projectsȱcanȱbeȱobtained.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 24ȱ Tableȱ 4.1ȱshowsȱthat,ȱprovidedȱgrantȱfundingȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱforȱtheseȱfourȱprojectsȱwithȱinstalledȱ capacitiesȱ ofȱ overȱ 4ȱ MW,ȱ theyȱ wouldȱ produceȱ powerȱ forȱ aȱ lowȱ enoughȱ costȱ toȱ beȱ attractiveȱ toȱ Yukonȱ Energy.ȱȱRepresentativesȱ ofȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ statedȱ thatȱ theyȱ wouldȱ purchaseȱ powerȱ forȱ betweenȱ$0.10ȱperȱkWhȱandȱ$0.15ȱperȱkWh.ȱ Tableȱ4Ȭ1:ȱComparisonȱofȱPotentialȱProjectȱCostsȱandȱRequiredȱPowerȱPricesȱProjectsȱOverȱ4ȱ MWȱinȱCapacityȱ ȱ ProjectȱConfigurationsȱ ȱ 1DȬ70ȱ 1DȬ110ȱ 2DȬ110ȱ 3DȬ110ȱ InstalledȱCapacityȱ(kW)ȱ 4,400ȱ 7,300ȱ 6,500ȱ 5,250ȱ Avg.ȱAnn.ȱNetȱEnergyȱOutputȱ(MWh)ȱ 17,943ȱ 20,581ȱ 18,798ȱ 15,915ȱ EstimatedȱCapitalȱCostsȱ $17,229,000ȱ $21,069,000ȱ $16,750,000ȱ $13,765,000ȱ EstimatedȱRequiredȱPowerȱSalesȱRateȱwithȱ50%ȱGrantȱFundingȱ*ȱ($/kWh)ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ50%ȱGrantȱ–ȱFullȱYearȱSales**ȱ $0.102ȱ $0.113ȱ $0.097ȱ $0.095ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱOctoberȱ2011.ȱ *ȱȱ Grantȱfundingȱisȱcappedȱatȱ$8,500,000.ȱ **ȱȱ Theȱ estimatedȱ powerȱ salesȱ rateȱ includesȱ aȱ $0.02ȱ perȱ kWhȱ wheelingȱ chargeȱ forȱ useȱ ofȱ APCȱ transmissionȱlines.ȱ 4.4 OTHERȱINTANGIBLEȱPROJECTȱBENEFITSȱ Inȱ additionȱ toȱ theȱ obviousȱ monetaryȱ benefitsȱ toȱ theȱ powerȱ producer,ȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ hydroelectricȱprojectȱprovidesȱbenefitsȱtoȱtheȱpublic,ȱincluding:ȱ ¾Thisȱcompletedȱfacilityȱwillȱprovideȱaȱreliableȱadditionalȱsourceȱofȱrenewableȱenergyȱthatȱ canȱ beȱ usedȱ toȱ replaceȱ dieselȱ generationȱ whenȱ otherȱ hydroelectricȱ facilitiesȱ onȱ theȱ gridȱ areȱnotȱoperable.ȱȱȱ ¾Theȱ completedȱ facilityȱ couldȱ replaceȱ cruiseȱ shipȱ generatorȱ powerȱ withȱ shoreȱ power,ȱ reducingȱairȱemissionsȱinȱtheȱSkagwayȱareaȱinȱtheȱsummerȱseason.ȱ ¾Theȱ completedȱ facilityȱ willȱ increaseȱ theȱ reliabilityȱ ofȱ powerȱ generationȱ inȱ theȱ Upperȱ LynnȱCanalȱregion.ȱȱȱ ¾Constructionȱ ofȱ thisȱ projectȱ willȱ provideȱshortȱ termȱ jobsȱ inȱ theȱ areaȱ duringȱ construction,ȱ andȱ aȱ varietyȱ ofȱ employmentȱ opportunitiesȱ overȱ theȱ longȱ termȱ forȱ management,ȱ maintenance,ȱoperations,ȱandȱrepairs.ȱ ¾Economicȱ multipliersȱ inȱ theȱ localȱ economyȱ dueȱ toȱ theȱ factȱ thatȱ moreȱ energyȱ willȱ beȱ generatedȱfromȱlocalȱresourcesȱandȱlocalȱlaborȱvs.ȱimportedȱdieselȱorȱbunkerȱfuels.ȱȱȱ ¾SecondaryȱbenefitsȱfromȱhavingȱmoreȱstablyȬpricedȱhydropowerȱonȱtheȱlocalȱutilityȱgrid.ȱȱȱ ¾Reducedȱ volumeȱ ofȱ hydrocarbonȱ fuelsȱ beingȱ bargedȱ throughȱ theȱ watersȱ ofȱ Southeast,ȱ reducingȱtheȱprobabilityȱofȱfuelȱspills.ȱȱȱ ThisȱprojectȱfitsȱwellȱwithinȱtheȱcriteriaȱforȱbeneficialȱprojectsȱasȱevaluatedȱbyȱtheȱAlaskaȱEnergyȱ Authority.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 25ȱ 5.0 CONCLUSIONSȱANDȱRECOMMENDATIONSȱ Thereȱ isȱ aȱ viableȱ runȬofȬriverȱ hydroelectricȱ resourceȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱAȱ rangeȱ ofȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ allȱ usingȱ Federalȱ landȱ aboveȱ BCHȱ propertyȱ appearȱ toȱ beȱ viableȱ providedȱ aȱ marketȱdevelopsȱ forȱ theȱpowerȱ theyȱwouldȱproduce.ȱȱTheseȱprojectsȱhaveȱcapacitiesȱofȱ3.4ȱtoȱ7.3ȱ MWȱ andȱ annualȱ generationȱ potentialȱ ofȱ 13,127ȱ toȱ 20,581ȱ MWh.ȱȱTheȱ specificȱ projectȱ configurationȱ thatȱ warrantsȱ developmentȱ willȱ dependȱ onȱ theȱ needsȱ ofȱ theȱ marketȱ itȱ wouldȱ serve.ȱȱCapitalȱ costȱ estimatesȱ andȱ someȱ financialȱ scenariosȱ forȱ selectȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ areȱ presentedȱinȱAppendixȱH.ȱȱȱȱȱ Ifȱ theȱ entireȱ outputȱ ofȱ theȱ mostȱ economicalȱ projectȱ configurationȱ (Configurationȱ 3DȬ70)ȱ canȱ beȱ sold,ȱ theȱ salesȱ priceȱ isȱ estimatedȱ atȱ 12ȱ centsȱ perȱ kWh,ȱ assumingȱ aȱ debtȬfinancedȱ project.ȱȱ Differentȱbusinessȱmodelsȱorȱequityȱstructuresȱwouldȱresultȱinȱhigherȱorȱlowerȱenergyȱpricing.ȱȱȱ Atȱ thisȱ time,ȱ thereȱ isȱ notȱ aȱ marketȱ forȱ theȱ fullȱ outputȱ ofȱ aȱ projectȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ ofȱ thisȱ size.ȱȱ Smallerȱ projectsȱ downȱ toȱ theȱ existingȱ 15ȱ kWȱ projectȱ areȱ alsoȱ technicallyȱ viable,ȱ howeverȱ theyȱ wouldȱrequireȱ higherȱperȱkWhȱsalesȱ pricesȱtoȱbeȱeconomicallyȱviableȱforȱsaleȱtoȱtheȱUpperȱLynnȱ Canalȱ market.ȱȱThereȱ areȱ aȱ numberȱ ofȱ emergingȱ marketȱ opportunitiesȱ inȱ theȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ regionȱ thatȱ mayȱ presentȱ aȱ marketȱ forȱ theȱ fullȱ outputȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creek,ȱ andȱ thatȱ haveȱ similarȱ developmentȱschedulesȱasȱaȱBurroȱCreekȱproject.ȱȱȱ Becauseȱ theȱ marketȱ forȱ theȱ outputȱ ofȱ thisȱ projectȱ isȱ stillȱ developing,ȱ thereȱ isȱ someȱ latitudeȱ toȱ tailorȱ theȱ installedȱ capacityȱ ofȱ theȱ projectȱ toȱ marketȱ demand.ȱȱThisȱ canȱ beȱ accomplishedȱ byȱ adjustingȱ theȱ diversionȱ locationȱ and/orȱ theȱ designȱ flow,ȱ asȱ neitherȱ parameterȱ isȱ stronglyȱ constrainedȱbyȱtheȱcharacteristicsȱofȱtheȱresourceȱatȱBurroȱCreek.ȱ 5.1 ȱDEVELOPMENTȱPLANȱ&ȱSCHEDULEȱ Theȱ estimatedȱ developmentȱ scheduleȱ forȱ aȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ projectȱ isȱ summarizedȱ inȱ theȱ followingȱ figure.ȱȱFigureȱ 5Ȭ1ȱ assumesȱ thatȱ aȱ marketȱ forȱ theȱ powerȱ isȱ securedȱ inȱ theȱ firstȱ halfȱ ofȱ 2012ȱ toȱ aȱ degreeȱ thatȱ justifiesȱ expenditureȱ ofȱ preȬdevelopmentȱ costs.ȱȱBasedȱ onȱ assessmentȱ ofȱ theȱ currentȱ market,ȱ thisȱ isȱ anȱ ambitiousȱ goalȱ thatȱ dependsȱ onȱ theȱ outcomeȱ ofȱ futureȱ discussionsȱ betweenȱ BCHȱ andȱ potentialȱ customersȱ asȱ discussedȱ inȱ Sectionȱ 4.ȱȱȱIfȱ securingȱ aȱ buyerȱ forȱ theȱ projectȱ outputȱ isȱ delayed,ȱ theȱ remainderȱ ofȱ theȱ developmentȱ scheduleȱ willȱ beȱ extendedȱ forwardȱ inȱ time.ȱȱȱ Basedȱ onȱavailableȱdata,ȱtheȱ projectȱcanȱ beȱ operationalȱinȱ asȱ littleȱasȱ5ȱ yearsȱafterȱaȱ buyerȱ forȱ theȱ projectȱ outputȱ isȱ securedȱ andȱaȱ‘go’ȱ decisionȱ isȱmadeȱ forȱtheȱ project.ȱȱThisȱ isȱ basedȱonȱ eitherȱ useȱ ofȱ theȱ FERCȱ Integratedȱ Licensingȱ Processȱ orȱ obtainingȱ aȱ FERCȱ exemptionȱ fromȱ licensing,ȱ andȱ aȱ twoȬyearȱ constructionȱ schedule.ȱȱComplicationsȱ inȱ theȱ permitting,ȱ financing,ȱ orȱ constructionȱ phasesȱofȱprojectȱdevelopmentȱcouldȱresultȱinȱdelaysȱinȱthisȱprojectȱdevelopmentȱschedule.ȱȱȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 26ȱ 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ACTIVITY 12341234123412341234123412341234 FeasibilityȱStudy BusinessȱPlan ConceptualȱDesign Permitting ResourceȱStudies FERCȱExemption ProjectȱDesign ConstructionȱPlan FinancingȱPlan Construction ProjectȱCommissioning ConstructionȱPhaseȱCloseȬout Figureȱ5Ȭ1:ȱȱProjectȱDevelopmentȱScheduleȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONSȱFORȱIMPLEMENTATIONȱ Theȱ followingȱ actionsȱ areȱ recommendedȱ toȱ continueȱ advancingȱ Burroȱ Creek,ȱ andȱ toȱ positionȱ BurroȱCreekȱforȱdevelopmentȱasȱtheseȱemergingȱmarketsȱmature:ȱ ¾Contactȱ theȱ Regulatoryȱ Commissionȱ ofȱ Alaskaȱ (RCA)ȱ toȱ determineȱ howȱ bestȱ toȱ moveȱ forward.ȱȱTheȱ RCAȱ governsȱ salesȱ ofȱ powerȱ inȱ Alaska,ȱ andȱ itȱ isȱ importantȱ toȱ understandȱ theȱconditionsȱ underȱwhichȱaȱcompanyȱ canȱ sellȱpowerȱ toȱ variousȱ customers.ȱȱInȱ general,ȱ anȱ independentȱ powerȱ producerȱ suchȱ asȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ cannotȱ sellȱ toȱ moreȱ thanȱ 10ȱ customersȱ orȱ overȱ $50,000ȱ worthȱ ofȱ powerȱ perȱ yearȱ withoutȱ becomingȱ aȱ certifiedȱ utility.ȱȱ Inȱ addition,ȱ RCAȱ generallyȱ willȱ notȱ allowȱ twoȱ certifiedȱ utilitiesȱ withinȱ oneȱ serviceȱ areaȱȱ However,ȱ theȱ RCAȱ Commissionersȱ haveȱ theȱ finalȱ sayȱ onȱ suchȱ projects,ȱ andȱ canȱ makeȱ exceptionsȱ toȱ theirȱ regulationsȱ asȱ theyȱ determineȱ isȱ inȱ theȱ publicȱ interest.ȱȱAppendixȱ Fȱ containsȱtheȱAlaskaȱStatuteȱlanguageȱthatȱisȱpertinentȱtoȱthisȱproject.ȱȱȱ ¾ContinueȱstreamȱgaugingȱatȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱcharacterizeȱtheȱresourceȱpotential.ȱ ¾Monitorȱ futureȱ landȱ useȱ planningȱ andȱ managementȱ decisionsȱ forȱ theȱ BLMȱ landȱ westȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ insureȱ futureȱ managementȱ decisionsȱ doȱ notȱ precludeȱ developmentȱ ofȱ aȱ hydroȱprojectȱinȱthisȱarea.ȱ ¾Maintainȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ asȱ aȱ generationȱ resourceȱ inȱ regionalȱ energyȱ planningȱ documents,ȱ suchȱasȱtheȱSoutheastȱAlaskaȱIntegratedȱResourceȱPlan,ȱcurrentlyȱunderȱdevelopmentȱbyȱ theȱAEA.ȱ ¾Contactȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ toȱ discussȱ theȱ possibilityȱ ofȱ thatȱ companyȱ extendingȱ itsȱ powerȱ transmissionȱlineȱsouthȱtoȱtheȱUpperȱLynnȱCanalȱsystem,ȱandȱaȱpossibleȱpowerȱpurchaseȱ agreement.ȱ ¾ContactȱtheȱdevelopersȱofȱtheȱPalmerȱMineȱtoȱmonitorȱtheȱprogressȱofȱthatȱproject,ȱandȱifȱ andȱwhenȱdevelopmentȱisȱassured,ȱȱtoȱdiscussȱpossibleȱpowerȱpurchaseȱagreements.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 27ȱ ¾Contactȱ APCȱ toȱ discussȱ theȱ conditionsȱ underȱ whichȱ theyȱ mayȱ beȱ willingȱ toȱ purchaseȱ wholesaleȱpowerȱfromȱBCH.ȱ ¾Contactȱ IPECȱ toȱ discussȱ aȱ possibleȱ powerȱ purchaseȱ agreement,ȱ keepingȱ inȱ mindȱ thatȱ otherȱmarketȱopportunitiesȱmayȱneedȱtoȱexistȱinȱorderȱtoȱmakeȱthisȱmarketȱviable.ȱȱȱ ¾Contactȱ possibleȱ fundingȱ sourcesȱ toȱ identifyȱ grantsȱ andȱ loanȱ programsȱ thatȱ mayȱ reduceȱ theȱcostȱofȱenergyȱfromȱtheȱBurroȱCreekȱproject.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ 28ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱAȱ–ȱMAPSȱANDȱFIGURESȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ AȬ1ȱ FigureȱAȬ1:ȱȱProjectȱOverviewȱandȱLocationȱMapȱȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ AȬ2ȱ FigureȱAȬ2:ȱȱPotentialȱDiversionȱSitesȱandȱDrainageȱBasinsȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ AȬ3ȱ FigureȱAȬ3:ȱȱMapȱofȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱonȱUSSȱ1560ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ AȬ4ȱ FigureȱAȬ4:ȱMapȱofȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱUsingȱFederalȱLandsȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ (SectionLine) PENSTOCKROUTES USS1560 BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ AȬ5ȱ FigureȱAȬ5:ȱMapȱofȱTransmissionȱRoutesȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱBȱ–ȱPHOTOGRAPHSȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ BȬ1ȱ PhotographȱBȬ1:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱ SiteȱfromȱLynnȱCanalȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PhotographȱBȬ2:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱ Waterfall,ȱLookingȱUpstreamȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PhotographȱBȬ3:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱ GaugingȱStation,ȱLookingȱ Downstreamȱ ViewȱofȱUSSȱ1560ȱlookingȱnorthwestȱ fromȱLynnȱCanal.ȱȱTheȱmainȱcabinȱandȱ outbuildingsȱareȱvisibleȱnearȱtidewater.ȱ ȱ ȱ Theȱstillingȱtubeȱthatȱhousesȱtheȱpressureȱ transducerȱisȱvisibleȱinȱthisȱview.ȱȱAȱ flexibleȱmetalȱconduitȱhousingȱtheȱpowerȱ cable/ȱventȱtubeȱextendsȱupȱfromȱtheȱ stillingȱtubeȱtowardsȱtheȱlogȱcribȱwhereȱ theȱdataȱloggerȱisȱmounted.ȱȱTheȱconduitȱ isȱanchoredȱtoȱbedrock.ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱisȱ flowingȱatȱ70ȱcfsȱinȱthisȱphoto.ȱ ȱ Mayȱ10,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ Thisȱwaterfallȱisȱlocatedȱatȱmileȱ0.15ȱofȱ BurroȱCreek.ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱisȱflowingȱatȱ 70ȱcfs.ȱ Mayȱ11,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ BȬ2ȱ PhotographȱBȬ4:ȱȱExistingȱBurroȱ CreekȱIntake,ȱLookingȱUpstreamȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PhotographȱBȬ5:ȱȱExistingȱBurroȱ CreekȱIntakeȱScreeningȱBoxȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PhotographȱBȬ6:ȱȱExistingȱBurroȱ CreekȱIntakeȱ ȱ Viewȱofȱexistingȱscreeningȱboxȱlookingȱ upstream.ȱȱȱ ȱ Decemberȱ16,ȱ2009.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ ViewȱatȱtheȱexistingȱhydroȱintakeȱonȱBurroȱ Creekȱatȱtheȱ235Ȭfootȱelevation.ȱȱTheȱ diversionȱstructureȱisȱaȱlogȱpinnedȱintoȱ bedrockȱatȱtheȱheadȱofȱaȱseriesȱofȱrockȱchutesȱ andȱcascades.ȱȱTheȱexistingȱdiversionȱandȱ intakeȱisȱpastȱitsȱserviceableȱlifeȱandȱrequiresȱ repairȱorȱreplacement.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱisȱflowingȱatȱ11ȱcfs.ȱ Decemberȱ16,ȱ2009.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ Viewȱofȱexistingȱdiversionȱstructureȱ duringȱsummer.ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱisȱflowingȱ atȱ70ȱcfs.ȱ ȱ Mayȱ10,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱȱȱNovemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱȱBȬ3ȱȱPhotographȱBȬ7:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱfromȱSkagwayȱBURROȱCREEKȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱȱȱNovemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱȱBȬ4ȱPhotographȱBȬ8:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱGaugingȱStationȱȱViewȱofȱBurroȱCreekȱgaugingȱstationȱandȱcreekȱsectionȱtoȱbankȱfullȱflow.ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱisȱflowingȱatȱ70ȱcfs.ȱȱMayȱ10,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱViewȱofȱBurroȱCreekȱgaugingȱstationȱandȱcreekȱsectionȱtoȱbankȱfullȱflow.ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱisȱflowingȱatȱ70ȱcfs.ȱȱMayȱ10,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ BȬ5ȱ PhotographȱBȬ9:ȱȱTypicalȱ TerrainȱandȱVegetationȱinȱ ProjectȱAreaȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PhotographȱBȬ10:ȱȱExistingȱ Penstockȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Footȱpathȱtoȱtheȱexistingȱintakeȱ fromȱtheȱdock.ȱȱThisȱterrainȱandȱ vegetationȱisȱrepresentativeȱofȱ conditionsȱonȱUSSȱ1560ȱwhereȱ accessȱtrailsȱorȱpenstocksȱwouldȱbeȱ located.ȱȱȱȱ ȱ Mayȱ11,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ Viewȱlookingȱupȱtheȱexistingȱpenstockȱ fromȱapproximatelyȱstationȱ8+50.ȱȱMostȱ ofȱtheȱpenstockȱisȱinstalledȱonȱgradeȱorȱ aboveȱgradeȱonȱtimberȱblocking.ȱȱThrustȱ forcesȱareȱrestrainedȱbyȱaȱcombinationȱofȱ timberȱblockingȱandȱcablesȱanchoredȱtoȱ rockȱboltsȱorȱtrees.ȱȱTheȱpenstockȱhasȱ significantȱdeferredȱmaintenance,ȱbutȱisȱ inȱserviceableȱcondition.ȱȱAtȱthisȱlocation,ȱ theȱthrustȱrestraintȱcablesȱappearȱtoȱneedȱ adjustmentȱasȱtheȱpipeȱisȱfallingȱover.ȱ ȱ Mayȱ11,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ BȬ6ȱ PhotographȱBȬ11:ȱȱExistingȱ Penstockȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PhotographȱBȬ12:ȱȱExistingȱ Penstockȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PhotographȱBȬ13:ȱȱExistingȱ Powerhouseȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Viewȱofȱexistingȱpenstockȱlookingȱdownȱ fromȱapproximatelyȱstationȱ11+00.ȱȱTheȱ penstockȱisȱsupportedȱbyȱtimberȱ blockingȱandȱcablesȱinȱthisȱarea.ȱ ȱ Mayȱ11,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ Viewȱofȱexistingȱpenstockȱlookingȱupȱ fromȱapproximatelyȱstationȱ8+00.ȱȱTheȱ penstockȱisȱrestingȱdirectlyȱonȱgradeȱinȱ thisȱarea.ȱ ȱ Mayȱ11,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ Viewȱofȱexistingȱpenstockȱenteringȱ existingȱpowerhouse.ȱȱȱ ȱ Mayȱ11,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ BȬ7ȱ PhotographȱBȬ14:ȱȱExistingȱ TurbineȱandȱGeneratorȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PhotographȱBȬ15:ȱȱBurroȱ CreekȱatȱUSSȱ1560ȱPropertyȱ Lineȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱcurrentlyȱ generatesȱupȱtoȱ15ȱkWȱofȱ powerȱwithȱaȱsingleȱjetȱPeltonȬ typeȱwheelȱdrivingȱaȱ15ȱkWȱ3Ȭ phaseȱalternator.ȱȱTheȱturbineȱ governorȱisȱaȱWoodwardȱUG8ȱ mechanicalȱgovernor.ȱ ȱ Mayȱ10,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ ViewȱlookingȱdownstreamȱBurroȱ Creekȱinȱtheȱvicinityȱofȱtheȱ westerlyȱpropertyȱlineȱofȱUSSȱ 1560.ȱȱThisȱviewȱisȱtypicalȱofȱtheȱ creekȱbedȱandȱgradeȱthroughoutȱ thisȱreach.ȱȱȱ ȱ Mayȱ11,ȱ2010.ȱȱPolarconsult.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ BȬ8ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱCȱ–ȱHYDROLOGYȱDATAȱ ȱ C.1:ȱȱ AvailableȱHydrologyȱDataȱȱ pagesȱCȬ1ȱtoȱCȬ6ȱ C.2:ȱ BurroȱCreekȱRecordȱExtensionȱȱ pagesȱCȬ7ȱtoȱCȬ9ȱ C.3:ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydrologyȱModelȱȱȱ pageȱCȬ10ȱȱ C.4:ȱ BurroȱCreekȱGaugingȱStationȱDataȱȱ pagesȱCȬ11ȱtoȱCȬ25ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ1ȱ Thisȱ Appendixȱ summarizesȱ theȱ hydrologyȱ dataȱ collectedȱ andȱ usedȱ forȱ thisȱ study.ȱȱ Approximatelyȱ 1.8ȱ yearsȱ ofȱ hydrologyȱ dataȱ haveȱ beenȱ collectedȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ date.ȱȱTheȱ hydrologyȱ informationȱ describedȱ inȱ thisȱ Sectionȱ isȱ usedȱ toȱ determineȱ theȱ appropriateȱ installedȱ capacityȱ ofȱ theȱ hydroelectricȱ project,ȱ evaluateȱ theȱ expectedȱ performanceȱ ofȱ theȱ project,ȱ andȱ determineȱ theȱ magnitudeȱ ofȱ floodȱ flowsȱ onȱ eachȱ creek.ȱȱMoreover,ȱ thisȱ hydrologyȱ informationȱ canȱhelpȱassessȱtheȱeffectȱtheȱprojectȱmayȱhaveȱonȱtheȱnaturalȱenvironment.ȱ C.1ȱ AVAILABLEȱHYDROLOGYȱDATAȱ Substantiallyȱ allȱ ofȱ theȱ flowȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ originatesȱ asȱ precipitationȱ fallingȱ withinȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basin.ȱȱSmallȱ glaciersȱ withinȱtheȱ basinȱ andȱalpineȱ groundwaterȱ systemsȱ makeȱ veryȱ minorȱ contributions.ȱȱTheȱ averageȱ annualȱ precipitationȱ inȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basinȱ isȱ unknown.ȱȱTotalȱ annualȱ dischargeȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ (calculatedȱ asȱ describedȱ inȱ thisȱ Appendix)ȱ amountsȱ toȱ directȱ precipitationȱofȱapproximatelyȱ40ȱinchesȱannually.ȱȱActualȱbasinȱprecipitationȱisȱhigherȱthanȱthisȱȱ dueȱtoȱevaporation,ȱsublimation,ȱandȱtranspiration.ȱȱTheseȱobservationsȱareȱconsistentȱwithȱ1ȬtoȬȱ 2,500,000ȱscaleȱmapsȱofȱtheȱregionȱthatȱindicateȱprecipitationȱinȱtheȱBurroȱCreekȱbasinȱandȱinȱtheȱ Skagwayȱ vicinityȱ isȱ approximatelyȱ 80ȱ inchesȱ annuallyȱ5.ȱȱTotalȱ annualȱ precipitationȱ inȱ Skagwayȱ isȱ onlyȱ 26ȱ inches.ȱȱTheȱ differenceȱ betweenȱ measuredȱ precipitationȱ inȱ Skagwayȱ andȱ measuredȱ flowsȱatȱBurroȱCreekȱisȱattributedȱtoȱmicroȬclimateȱvariationsȱinȱtheȱmountainousȱterrain.ȱȱ C.1.1ȱ SiteȱandȱGaugingȱStationȱDescriptionȱ TheȱBurroȱCreekȱgaugingȱstationȱisȱlocatedȱatȱriverȱmileȱ0.01ȱatȱanȱelevationȱofȱapproximatelyȱ25ȱ feet.ȱȱItȱ isȱ approximatelyȱ 375ȱ feetȱ upstreamȱ fromȱ theȱ logȱ footbridgeȱ acrossȱ BurroȱCreek,ȱ andȱ 275ȱ feetȱ downstreamȱ ofȱ aȱ prominentȱ waterfall.ȱȱTheȱ gaugeȱ isȱ installedȱ inȱ aȱ naturalȱ poolȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheȱoutletȱ controlȱforȱthisȱ poolȱisȱaȱseriesȱofȱlargeȱ bouldersȱ interlockedȱ withȱ smallerȱbedȱ materialsȱ andȱ restingȱ onȱ bedrock.ȱȱThisȱ outletȱ appearsȱ relativelyȱ stable,ȱ butȱ couldȱ experienceȱ scourȱduringȱmajorȱfloodȱevents.ȱȱȱ Theȱ gaugingȱ stationȱ wasȱ installedȱ onȱ Decemberȱ 17,ȱ 2009.ȱȱTheȱ stationȱ hasȱ aȱ 0ȱ toȱ 5ȱ psiȱ Acculevelȱ ventedȱ pressureȱ transducerȱ manufacturedȱ byȱ Kellerȱ America,ȱ Inc.ȱȱTheȱ sensorȱ isȱ installedȱ inȱ aȱ threeȬinchȱ diameterȱ HDPEȱ stillingȱ tubeȱ mountedȱ toȱ aȱ bedrockȱ wallȱ onȱ theȱ southȱ bankȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheȱstillingȱtubeȱextendsȱintoȱtheȱnaturalȱpool,ȱandȱtheȱsensorȱisȱmountedȱapproximatelyȱ twoȱ feetȱ belowȱ annualȱ lowȱ waterȱ levelsȱ toȱ protectȱ itȱ fromȱ freezing.ȱȱThisȱ sensorȱ isȱ fittedȱ toȱ aȱ MONITORȬ1ȱdataȱloggerȱmanufacturedȱbyȱSutron,ȱInc.ȱȱ6ȱȱTheȱdataȱloggerȱandȱpowerȱsupplyȱareȱ insideȱweatherȱtightȱenclosuresȱmountedȱonȱanȱexistingȱlogȱcribȱlocatedȱonȱrockȱaboveȱtheȱsouthȱ bankȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheȱ sensorȱ zeroȱ markȱ isȱ theȱ stationȱ zeroȱ datum.ȱȱAȱ staffȱ boardȱ isȱ notȱ installedȱ atȱ theȱ gaugingȱ station.ȱȱTheȱtopȱ ofȱ theȱ upstreamȱ rockȱ boltȱ onȱ theȱ secondȱ bracketȱdownȱ fromȱtheȱ topȱofȱtheȱ stillingȱ tubeȱisȱatȱ anȱelevationȱofȱ+4.26ȱfeetȱ inȱtheȱ stationȱ datum.ȱȱȱTheȱloggerȱ isȱ programmedȱ toȱ recordȱ stage,ȱ batteryȱ level,ȱ andȱ onȬboardȱ temperatureȱ atȱ 15Ȭminuteȱ intervals.ȱȱ LogȱdataȱisȱdownloadedȱonȱaȱmonthlyȱbasisȱbyȱBCHȱpersonnel.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 5ȱUSGSȱWaterȱResourcesȱInvestigationȱReportȱ93Ȭ4179,ȱPlateȱ2.ȱ(JonesȱandȱFahl).ȱ 6ȱTheȱloggerȱwasȱinitiallyȱdeployedȱ withȱfiveȱAAȱlithiumȱbatteries,ȱ butȱtheseȱwereȱ replacedȱ withȱaȱ7ȱampȬ hourȱ 12ȱ voltȱ AGMȱ leadȬacidȱ batteryȱ andȱ 9ȱ wattȱ amorphousȱ siliconȱ solarȱ panelȱ onȱ Marchȱ 5,ȱ 2010.ȱȱThisȱ powerȱsupplyȱremainsȱinȱserviceȱatȱtheȱgaugingȱstation.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ2ȱ 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00 4.25 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00 6.25 12/1/09 1/26/10 3/23/10 5/18/10 7/13/10 9/7/10 11/2/10 12/28/1 0 2/22/11 4/19/11 6/14/11 8/9/11 10/4/11BurroCreekStage(Feet,(Sensor=0ft))PhotographȱBȬ3ȱandȱBȬ8ȱinȱAppendixȱBȱshowȱtheȱgaugingȱstation.ȱȱIt’sȱlocationȱisȱshownȱonȱMapȱ AȬ3.ȱȱStageȱdataȱisȱpresentedȱinȱFigureȱCȬ1.ȱȱDailyȱstationȱrecordsȱareȱpresentedȱinȱSectionȱC.4.ȱȱȱ FigureȱCȬ1:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱStageȱDataȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ C.1.2ȱ FlowȱMeasurementsȱandȱStationȱCalibrationȱ Streamȱ flowȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ wasȱ measuredȱ duringȱ Polarconsultȱ siteȱ visitsȱ inȱ Decemberȱ 2009,ȱ Mayȱ2010,ȱandȱSeptemberȱ2011ȱ(TableȱCȬ1).ȱȱȱ TableȱCȬ1:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱFlowȱMeasurementsȱ Date/Timeȱ Partyȱ Locationȱ Flowȱ (cfs)ȱ Stageȱ (ft)ȱ Methodȱ/ȱ Equipmentȱ BurroȱCreekȱGaugeȱStationȱBelowȱFallsȱ 12/17/09ȱ15:30ȱ Grovesȱ/ȱWrentmoreȱ Atȱlogȱbridgeȱ375’ȱbelowȱgaugeȱ 11.0ȱ 2.23ȱ MarshȱMcBirney(1)ȱ 12/17/09ȱ16:00ȱ Grovesȱ/ȱWrentmoreȱ 200’ȱreachȱofȱstreamȱbelowȱgaugeȱ 11.3ȱ 2.23ȱ HannaȱMeterȱ(2) 5/10/10ȱ10:50ȱ Grovesȱ/ȱMcClendonȱ 200’ȱreachȱofȱstreamȱbelowȱgaugeȱ 76.0ȱ 3.46ȱ HannaȱMeterȱ 5/10/10ȱ11:40ȱ Grovesȱ/ȱMcClendonȱ 200’ȱreachȱofȱstreamȱaboveȱgaugeȱ 83.0ȱ 3.45ȱ HannaȱMeterȱ 9/26/11ȱ9:00ȱȱ Grovesȱ/ȱMcClendonȱ 300’ȱreachȱȬȱgaugeȱtoȱab.ȱlogȱbridgeȱ 47.8ȱ 3.25ȱ HannaȱMeterȱ 9/26/11ȱ9:30ȱ Grovesȱ/ȱMcClendonȱ 500’ȱreachȱ–ȱab.ȱfallsȱtoȱab.ȱlogȱbridgeȱ 66.2ȱ 3.25ȱ HannaȱMeterȱ 9/26/11ȱ10:00ȱ McClendonȱ/ȱGrovesȱ Atȱgaugeȱpoolȱ 59ȱ 3.25ȱ MarshȱMcBirneyȱ 9/26/11ȱ10:45ȱ McClendonȱ/ȱGrovesȱ Atȱgaugeȱpoolȱ 50ȱ 3.25ȱ MarshȱMcBirneyȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ (1)ȱ CurrentȱvelocityȱstreamȱflowȱmethodȱwithȱMarchȱMcBirneyȱFlowmateȱ2000ȱcurrentȱvelocityȱmeter.ȱ (2)ȱ SuddenȱdoseȱsaltȱintegrationȱstreamȱflowȱmethodȱwithȱHannaȱHIȱ9828ȱconductivityȱmeter.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ3ȱ Toȱ calibrateȱ theȱ gaugingȱ station,ȱ Polarconsultȱ performedȱ sevenȱ flowȱ measurementsȱ toȱ establishȱ threeȱ stageȬdischargeȱ pointsȱ atȱ theȱ streamȱ gaugingȱ stationȱ (Tableȱ CȬ1).ȱȱTheȱ resultingȱ preliminaryȱ stageȬdischargeȱ ratingȱ curveȱ forȱ theȱ stationȱ isȱ presentedȱ inȱ Figureȱ CȬ2.ȱȱTheȱ stageȬ dischargeȱequationsȱandȱmethodologyȱareȱdiscussedȱinȱthisȱsectionȱandȱtheȱequationȱparametersȱ areȱ summarizedȱ inȱ Tablesȱ CȬ2ȱ andȱ CȬ3.ȱȱMoreȱ measurementsȱ areȱ warrantedȱ toȱ developȱ aȱ finalȱ ratingȱcurveȱforȱtheȱstation.ȱȱȱ Theȱexistingȱ flowȱ measurementsȱandȱ calibratedȱ sectionsȱ ofȱtheȱstageȱdischargeȱcurveȱ haveȱgoodȱ confidenceȱ atȱ lowȱ andȱ mediumȱ flows,ȱ whichȱ areȱ ofȱ primaryȱ interestȱ forȱ hydropowerȱ assessment.ȱȱBecauseȱ thereȱ areȱ fewȱ flowȱ measurementsȱ atȱ theȱ gaugingȱ station,ȱ theȱ ratingȱ curveȱ isȱ consideredȱ preliminary.ȱȱCollectionȱ ofȱ additionalȱ flowȱ measurementsȱ isȱ recommendedȱ toȱ continueȱ developingȱ theȱ ratingȱ curveȱ forȱ theȱ station.ȱȱAdditionalȱ measurementsȱ atȱ highȱ flowsȱ wouldȱ improveȱ estimatesȱ ofȱ infrequentȱ highȱ flowȱ eventsȱ thatȱ haveȱ limitedȱ hydropowerȱ value,ȱ butȱ areȱ importantȱ forȱ determiningȱ floodȱ flowsȱ importantȱ forȱ designȱ ofȱ theȱ diversionȱ structure.ȱȱ Additionalȱmeasurementsȱatȱmoderateȱandȱlowȱflowsȱ wouldȱincreaseȱ confidenceȱ inȱestimatesȱofȱ theȱavailableȱhydropowerȱresource.ȱ TheȱstageȬdischargeȱ curveȱforȱ theȱgaugingȱstationȱ wasȱ developedȱ usingȱ Manning’sȱ equationȱ forȱ openȱchannelȱflowȱ(EquationȱCȬ1).ȱȱȱ EquationȱCȬ1:ȱȱQȱ=ȱ1.49ȱnȱ–1ȱAȱRȱ2/3ȱSo1/2ȱ Where:ȱȱQȱ=ȱflowȱinȱcubicȱfeetȱperȱsecondȱ Rȱ=ȱhydraulicȱradiusȱ(=ȱA/P)ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱnȱ=ȱroughnessȱcoefficientȱ Pȱ=ȱwettedȱperimeterȱinȱfeetȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱAȱ=ȱarea,ȱinȱsquareȱfeetȱ Soȱ=ȱslopeȱinȱfeetȱperȱfeetȱ ȱ Initialȱ valuesȱ ofȱ Soȱ andȱ nȱ wereȱ selectedȱ basedȱ onȱ theȱ physicalȱ characteristicsȱ ofȱ theȱ site,ȱ andȱ adjustedȱ withinȱ reasonȱ untilȱ calculatedȱ flowsȱ andȱ measuredȱ flowsȱ wereȱ inȱ goodȱ agreement.ȱȱ Theseȱ valuesȱ areȱ listedȱ inȱ Tableȱ CȬ2.ȱȱTheȱ areaȱ (A)ȱ andȱ wettedȱ perimeterȱ (P)ȱ ofȱ theȱ creekȱ atȱ theȱ gaugingȱ stationȱ areȱ bothȱ functionsȱ ofȱ theȱ stageȱ andȱ theȱ shapeȱ ofȱ theȱ creekȱ bed.ȱȱAȱ modelȱ ofȱ theȱ creekȱbedȱprofileȱwasȱdevelopedȱforȱtheȱgaugingȱstation,ȱandȱwasȱusedȱtoȱcomputeȱAȱandȱPȱoverȱ theȱ rangeȱ ofȱ stages.ȱȱModelsȱ ofȱ theȱ creekȱ bedȱ sectionȱ profileȱ areȱ listedȱ inȱ Tableȱ CȬ3ȱ andȱ anȱ exampleȱ illustrationȱ isȱ shownȱ inȱ Figureȱ CȬ2.ȱȱTheȱ computedȱ Aȱ andȱ Pȱ wereȱ thenȱ enteredȱ intoȱ EquationȱCȬ1ȱtoȱdetermineȱflowȱfromȱtheȱrecordedȱstageȱdata.ȱ TableȱCȬ2:ȱȱManningȱEquationȱParametersȱforȱGaugingȱStationȱ GaugingȱStationȱandȱEpochȱ Nȱ (roughnessȱ coefficient)ȱ So (Slopeȱinȱ feet/foot)ȱ Aȱȱ (Sectionalȱarea,ȱ squareȱfeet)ȱ Pȱ (Wettedȱ perimeter,ȱfeet)ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱGaugingȱStationȱȱ ȱȱ(2009ȱ–ȱ2011)ȱ 0.04ȱ 0.012ȱ Calculatedȱfromȱcreekȱsectionȱ parametersȱlistedȱinȱTableȱCȬ3.ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ4ȱ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 CreekProfileatGaugingStationin feet(lookingdownstream)StageinFeet(StationDatum)Center SegmentR2 SegmentR1SegmentL1 SegmentL2 1 10 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Discharge(cfs)StageinFeet(StationDatum)StageandDischargeMeasurements RatingCurveforGaugingStation TableȱCȬ3:ȱȱCreekȱSectionsȱusedȱtoȱCalculateȱAȱandȱPȱatȱGaugingȱStationsȱ GaugingȱStationȱȱ SegmentȱL2ȱ SegmentȱL1ȱ Centerȱ SegmentȱR1ȱ SegmentȱR2ȱ BurroȱCreekȱȱ ȱȱ(2009ȱ–ȱ2011)ȱ Slopeȱ=ȱ1.00ȱ Stageȱ=ȱ6.43’ Slopeȱ=ȱ0.20ȱ Stageȱ=ȱ4.36’ȱ 5.0’ȱwideȱȱ atȱ1.57’ȱ Slopeȱ=ȱ10.0’ȱȱ Stageȱ=ȱ8.43’ȱ Slopeȱ=ȱ0.01’ȱ Stageȱ=ȱ9.43’ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ ȱFigureȱCȬ2:ȱȱModelȱUsedȱforȱCreekȱSectionȱatȱBurroȱCreekȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ FigureȱCȬ3:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱStreamȱGaugeȱRatingȱCurveȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ5ȱ 58.479.5 11.1 1 10 100 1000 12/13/091/10/102/7/103/7/104/4/105/2/105/30/106/27/107/25/108/22/109/19/1010/17/1011/14/1012/12/101/9/112/6/113/6/114/3/115/1/115/29/116/26/117/24/118/21/119/18/1110/16/11Discharge(cfs)Flow,CalculatedfromStage Flow,Measured Series3 C.1.3ȱ CalculatedȱFlowȱandȱBurroȱCreekȱHydrographȱ Eachȱ stageȱ readingȱ recordedȱ byȱ theȱ streamȱ gaugeȱ isȱ convertedȱ toȱ aȱ calculatedȱ flowȱ usingȱ theȱ ratingȱ curveȱ describedȱ inȱ Sectionȱ C.1.2.ȱȱTheȱ resultȱ isȱ aȱ calculatedȱ hydrographȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ shownȱ inȱ Figureȱ CȬ4.ȱȱSomeȱ ofȱ theȱ stageȱ dataȱ inȱ Figureȱ CȬ1ȱ reflectsȱ anomalousȱ dataȱ dueȱ toȱ sensorȱ errorsȱ orȱ iceȱ affectedȱ readingsȱ duringȱ winterȱ coldȱ spells.ȱȱTheseȱ artifactsȱ haveȱ beenȱ removedȱfromȱtheȱcalculatedȱflowȱhydrograph.ȱ FigureȱCȬ4:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱHydrographȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ6ȱ C.2ȱ BURROȱCREEKȱRECORDȱEXTENSIONȱ Whileȱ theȱ 1.8ȱ yearsȱ ofȱ dataȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ providesȱ aȱ goodȱ basisȱ forȱ understandingȱ theȱ hydrologyȱ ofȱ thisȱ resource,ȱ itȱ isȱ beneficialȱ toȱ haveȱ aȱ longerȱ periodȱ ofȱ recordȱ toȱ improveȱ understandingȱ ofȱ theȱ variabilityȱ ofȱ flowȱ inȱ theȱ resource.ȱȱThisȱ longerȱ periodȱ ofȱ recordȱ canȱ beȱ synthesizedȱ byȱ correlatingȱ theȱ 1.8ȱ yearȱ recordȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ withȱ concurrentȱ hydrographsȱ ofȱ nearbyȱstreamsȱwithȱlongerȱperiodsȱofȱrecord.ȱ Nearbyȱ streamsȱ thatȱ areȱ suitableȱ candidatesȱ forȱ correlationȱ areȱ listedȱ inȱ Tableȱ CȬ4.ȱȱOfȱ these,ȱ Taiyaȱ Riverȱ wasȱ selectedȱ forȱ extendingȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ recordȱ becauseȱ itȱ providedȱ aȱ goodȱ correlationȱ(R2ȱ=ȱ0.86)ȱandȱhasȱaȱlongȱperiodȱofȱrecordȱ(14.8ȱyears).ȱȱȱ TableȱCȬ4:ȱȱSummaryȱofȱHydrologyȱDataȱforȱBurroȱCreekȱandȱNearbyȱResourcesȱ Locationȱ USGSȱ GaugeȱIDȱ Basinȱ Sizeȱ (sq.mi.)ȱ Siteȱ Elevationȱ (ft)ȱ(1)ȱ Latitude(1)ȱ Longitude(1)Beginȱ Dateȱ Endȱ Dateȱ Numberȱ ofȱDailyȱ Records(3)ȱ BurroȱCreekȱ belowȱFallsȱ Ȭȱ 12.39ȱ 25ȱ 59°ȱ26’ȱ02”ȱ 135°ȱ22’ȱ11”ȱ 12/18/09ȱ 10/12/11ȱ 661ȱ Kasidayaȱ Creekȱ Ȭȱ 21.3ȱ 500ȱ 59°ȱ24’ȱ19”ȱ 135°ȱ19’ȱ47”ȱ 1/1/99ȱ 3/29/02ȱ 1,183ȱ TaiyaȱRiverȱ 15056210ȱ 179ȱ 20ȱ 59°ȱ30’ȱ49”ȱ 135°ȱ21’ȱ7”ȱ 1/1/71ȱ 11/18/77ȱ 2,514ȱ 10/1/03ȱ 10/12/11ȱ 2,925ȱ Kakuhanȱ Creekȱ 15056030ȱ 1.53ȱ 25ȱ 59°ȱ17’ȱ32”ȱ 135°ȱ22’ȱ01”ȱ 5/14/97ȱ 10/12/11ȱ 5,115ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ ȱ(1)ȱ CoordinatesȱforȱU.S.ȱȱGeologicalȱSurveyȱgaugesȱareȱinȱNorthȱAmericanȱDatumȱofȱ1927ȱ (NADȱ27).ȱȱAllȱ otherȱcoordinatesȱareȱinȱNADȱ83.ȱ (2)ȱ Countȱofȱavailableȱdailyȱrecords.ȱȱGaugesȱmayȱhaveȱbeenȱinȱserviceȱforȱaȱlongerȱperiod.ȱ (3)ȱ Theȱ recordȱ countȱ forȱ currentȱ gaugingȱ stationsȱ reflectsȱ dataȱ throughȱ theȱ mostȱ recentȱ downloadȱ onȱ Octoberȱ12,ȱ2011.ȱȱȱ TheȱBurroȱCreekȱandȱTaiyaȱRiverȱbasinsȱareȱgeographicallyȱcloseȱtoȱeachȱother,ȱandȱareȱexpectedȱ toȱ experienceȱ similarȱ weatherȱ systemsȱ andȱ events.ȱȱTheȱ basinsȱ areȱ similarȱ inȱ manyȱ respects,ȱ butȱ doȱhaveȱseveralȱsignificantȱdifferences:ȱ 1. Size.ȱȱTheȱ BurroȱCreekȱ basinȱareaȱ isȱapproximatelyȱ7%ȱ ofȱtheȱTaiyaȱRiverȱbasinȱarea.ȱȱAllȱ elseȱ equal,ȱ theȱ smallerȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basinȱ canȱ beȱ expectedȱ toȱ experienceȱ moreȱ volatileȱ discharge,ȱsuchȱasȱmoreȱsevereȱdroughtsȱandȱfloods.ȱ 2. Glaciation.ȱȱApproximatelyȱ 3%ȱ ofȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basinȱ isȱ glaciated,ȱ whereasȱ approximatelyȱ 22%ȱ ofȱ theȱTaiyaȱ Riverȱ basinȱisȱ glaciated.ȱȱSeasonalȱmeltȱ ofȱ theȱglaciersȱ inȱ theȱ Taiyaȱ Riverȱ basinȱ willȱ resultȱ inȱ Taiyaȱ Riverȱ havingȱ relativelyȱ greaterȱ dischargeȱ thatȱ BurroȱCreekȱduringȱtheȱsummerȱmonths.ȱȱȱ 3. Basinȱ Orientation.ȱȱTheȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basinȱ isȱ orientedȱ facingȱ eastȬsoutheast,ȱ whereasȱ theȱ TaiyaȱRiverȱbasinȱisȱorientedȱfacingȱsouthȬsoutheast.ȱȱTheȱTaiyaȱRiverȱbasinȱisȱsomewhatȱ betterȱ orientedȱ toȱ captureȱ precipitationȱ fromȱ stormsȱ fromȱ theȱ Gulfȱ ofȱ Alaskaȱ thanȱ theȱ BurroȱCreekȱbasin.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ7ȱ 4. Altitude.ȱȱTheȱ averageȱ elevationȱ ofȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basinȱ isȱ approximatelyȱ 3,100’.ȱȱThisȱ isȱ significantlyȱ lowerȱ thanȱ theȱ Taiyaȱ Riverȱ basin,ȱ whichȱ hasȱ anȱ averageȱ elevationȱ ofȱ approximatelyȱ3,500’.ȱȱTaiyaȱRiver’sȱhigherȱbasinȱisȱconsistentȱwithȱitsȱgreaterȱglaciation,ȱ asȱ theȱ higherȱ basinȱ canȱ beȱ expectedȱ toȱ receiveȱ moreȱ precipitationȱ andȱ colderȱ temperatures.ȱ Theȱ averageȱ dailyȱ flowsȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ andȱ Taiyaȱ Riverȱ overȱ theirȱ 1.8ȱ yearȱ commonȱ periodȱ ofȱ recordȱ haveȱ aȱ correlationȱ ofȱ 0.61.ȱȱBasedȱ uponȱ analysisȱ ofȱ theȱ data,ȱ aȱ pieceȬwiseȱ linearȱ modelȱ wasȱ developedȱ toȱ calculateȱ expectedȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ flowȱ fromȱ theȱ Taiyaȱ Riverȱ flowȱ data.ȱȱThisȱ moreȱ complexȱ modelȱ accountsȱ forȱ someȱ ofȱ theȱ subtleȱ differencesȱ betweenȱ theȱ Taiyaȱ Riverȱ andȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ basinsȱ byȱ applyingȱ differentȱ relationshipsȱ forȱ differentȱ seasonsȱ andȱ flowȱ regimes.ȱȱ Tableȱ CȬ5ȱsummarizesȱ theȱmodelȱparameters.ȱȱTheȱexpectedȱBurroȱCreekȱflowsȱcalculatedȱusingȱ thisȱ modelȱ haveȱ aȱ correlationȱ withȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ gaugingȱ stationȱ dailyȱ flowsȱ ofȱ 0.86.ȱȱTheseȱ modelsȱareȱshownȱgraphicallyȱinȱFigureȱCȬ5.ȱ TableȱCȬ5:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱFlowȱModelȱParametersȱ ModelȱForȱ Octoberȱ1ȱ–ȱJuneȱ30ȱ ModelȱForȱ Augustȱ1ȱ–ȱAugustȱ31ȱ TaiyaȱRiverȱ Flowȱ EquationȱForȱBurroȱCreekȱ Flowȱ TaiyaȱRiverȱ Flowȱ EquationȱForȱBurroȱCreekȱ Flowȱ 0ȱtoȱ145ȱcfsȱ QBurroȱ=ȱ0.110ȱQTaiyaȱ–ȱ0.3ȱ 0ȱtoȱ85ȱcfsȱ QBurroȱ=ȱ0.110ȱQTaiyaȱ–ȱ0.3ȱ 145ȱtoȱ920ȱcfsȱ QBurroȱ=ȱ0.110ȱQTaiyaȱ–ȱ1.0ȱ 85+ȱcfsȱ QBurroȱ=ȱ0.024ȱQTaiyaȱ+ȱ7.0ȱ 920+ȱcfsȱ QBurroȱ=ȱ0.030ȱQTaiyaȱ+ȱ73ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ Modelȱ flowsȱ forȱ theȱ monthsȱ ofȱ Julyȱ andȱ Septemberȱ areȱ calculatedȱ asȱ aȱ linearȱ rampingȱ functionȱ betweenȱ theȱtwoȱmodelsȱabove,ȱwithȱtheȱOctoberȬJuneȱmodelȱweightȱdecreasingȱfromȱ100%ȱtoȱ0%ȱduringȱJuly,ȱandȱ viceȱversaȱduringȱSeptember.ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ8ȱ 1 10 100 1,000 10 100 1,000 10,000TaiyaRiverFlow(cfs)BurroCreekFlow(cfs)StandardLinearCorrelationModel DailyFlows,OctoberͲJune FlowModel,OctoberͲJune DailyFlows,JulyͲSeptember FlowModel,August* *FlowsforthemonthsofJulyandSeptemberarecalcuatedasaweightedaverageofthetwomodelsshown.TheJunemodelreceives100%weightingonJuly1st, decreasingto0%byJuly31st.TheoppositetransitionoccursforthemonthofSeptember. (R2=0.61) (R2=0.86) FigureȱCȬ5:ȱȱBurroȱCreekȱandȱTaiyaȱRiverȱFlowȱDataȱandȱModelsȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ Theȱ extendedȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ recordȱ usingȱ theȱ Taiyaȱ Riverȱ recordȱ setȱ isȱ presentedȱ graphicallyȱ inȱ Figureȱ CȬ6.ȱȱFlowȱ statisticsȱ calculatedȱ usingȱ theȱ 14.8ȱ yearsȱ ofȱ Taiyaȱ Riverȱ recordȱ areȱ presentedȱ graphicallyȱinȱFigureȱCȬ7.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱȱȱNovemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱȱCȬ9ȱFigureȱCȬ6:ȱȱExtendedȱBurroȱCreekȱRecordȱUsingȱTaiyaȱRiverȱFlowȱModelȱȱȱȱȱ0501001502002503003501/1/717/1/711/1/727/1/721/1/737/1/731/1/747/1/741/1/757/1/751/1/767/1/761/1/777/1/77ExpectedBurroCreekFlow,cfs(recordextension)05010015020025030035010/1/034/1/0410/1/044/1/0510/1/054/1/0610/1/064/1/0710/1/074/1/0810/1/084/1/0910/1/094/1/1010/1/104/1/1110/1/11BurroCreekFlowRecordExtendedBurroCreekFlowRecord BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ10ȱ 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecDailyFlowStatisticsforBurroCreekExtendedRecord,cfsMaximumDailyFlow MeanDailyFlow MedianDailyFlow MinimumDailyFlow StatisticsarebasedontheextendedrecordforBurroCreekcompiledusingTaiyaRiverrecordfromUSGSgauge#15056210.Correlationbetweencalculatedflow atBurroCreekgaugeandTaiyaRiverrecordextensionisR^2=0.81fortheperiod12/19/2009Ͳ8/17/2011.Dailyflowstatisticsshowninthisfigurearebasedon 5,383dailyflowrecordsatTaiyaRiverfrom1/1/1971Ͳ11/181977and10/1/2003Ͳ8/9/2011. C.3ȱ BURROȱCREEKȱHYDROLOGYȱMODELȱ Theȱ extendedȱ hydrologyȱ recordȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ formsȱ theȱ basisȱ ofȱ aȱ hydrologyȱ modelȱ usedȱ toȱ estimateȱ theȱ energyȱ generationȱ potentialȱ ofȱ variousȱ hydroelectricȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ consideredȱinȱthisȱstudy.ȱȱȱ Flowȱ statisticsȱ wereȱ calculatedȱ onȱ aȱ dailyȱ basisȱ usingȱ theȱ 14.7ȱ yearȱ extendedȱ recordȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheȱ resultingȱ flowȱ statisticsȱforȱ theȱ BurroȱCreekȱ gaugingȱ stationȱ areȱ presentedȱ inȱ Figureȱ CȬ7.ȱȱȱȱȱ FigureȱCȬ7:ȱȱDailyȱFlowȱStatisticsȱforȱExtendedȱBurroȱCreekȱFlowȱRecordȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ Flowsȱ atȱtheȱ variousȱ diversionȱ sitesȱwereȱ estimatedȱ byȱ proratingȱ theȱ modelȱ flowȱ atȱ theȱ gaugingȱ stationȱ byȱrelativeȱbasinȱ areasȱ(Tableȱ CȬ6,ȱ Figureȱ AȬ2).ȱȱȱProjectȱflowȱ statisticsȱ forȱ aȱgivenȱ projectȱ configurationȱ wereȱ thenȱ estimatedȱ byȱ clippingȱ theȱ completeȱ extendedȱ flowȱ recordȱ atȱ theȱ designȱ flow,ȱandȱthenȱcomputingȱtheȱmedianȱdailyȱflowȱfromȱtheȱresultingȱclippedȱdataȱset.ȱȱFigureȱCȬ8ȱ providesȱ anȱexampleȱ ofȱtheȱ resultingȱ estimatedȱ projectȱflowȱ forȱaȱ70ȱcfsȱprojectȱ withȱ aȱ diversionȱ atȱ800’ȱandȱaȱpowerhouseȱatȱtheȱexistingȱpowerhouseȱsite.ȱȱȱ ! 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8 *9 1!## 8 /& ! $' 5*-%%6 # ## ( / BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ CȬ11ȱ ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱDȱ–ȱRESOURCEȱDATAȱANDȱANALYSISȱ ȱ ȱ D.1:ȱ MaximumȱProbableȱFloodȱȱ ȱ pageȱDȬ1ȱ D.2:ȱ GeotechnicalȱConsiderationsȱȱ ȱ pageȱDȬ2ȱ D.3:ȱ TsunamiȱHazardsȱȱȱȱȱpageȱDȬ2ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ DȬ1ȱ D.1ȱ MaximumȱProbableȱFloodȱ Determiningȱ theȱ maximumȱ probableȱ floodȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ isȱ importantȱ forȱ designingȱ theȱ inȬ streamȱ diversionȱ structureȱ soȱ itȱ canȱ withstandȱ floodȱ flows.ȱȱExistingȱ dataȱ fromȱ theȱ gaugingȱ stationȱ andȱ extendedȱ flowȱ recordȱ isȱ comparedȱ withȱ U.S.ȱȱGeologicalȱ Surveyȱ (USGS)ȱ statisticalȱ modelsȱ forȱ southeastȱ Alaskaȱ streamsȱ toȱ developȱ initialȱ estimatesȱ ofȱ theȱ 100Ȭyearȱ floodȱ flowsȱ forȱ BurroȱCreek.ȱ Theȱ USGSȱ hasȱ developedȱ statisticalȱ modelsȱ toȱ estimateȱ theȱ maximumȱ probableȱ floodsȱ forȱ streamsȱ inȱ southeastȱ Alaska.ȱȱTheseȱ modelsȱ areȱ developedȱ basedȱ onȱ streamȱ gaugingȱ dataȱ throughoutȱtheȱregion,ȱandȱspecificȱparametersȱforȱtheȱdrainageȱbasinȱofȱtheȱstreamȱofȱinterest.ȱ7ȱȱȱ USGSȱ modelȱ inputȱ parametersȱ andȱ floodȱ flowȱ estimatesȱ areȱ summarizedȱ inȱ Tableȱ DȬ1.ȱȱTheȱ estimatedȱ2ȬyearȱfloodȱflowsȱinȱTableȱDȬ1ȱareȱapproximatelyȱ131%ȱofȱtheȱhighestȱobservedȱflowsȱ recordedȱ atȱBurroȱ Creekȱ inȱ1.8ȱ yearsȱ ofȱ measurements.ȱȱThisȱ isȱ reasonableȱ agreement,ȱ givenȱ theȱ accuracyȱ ofȱ theȱ USGSȱ estimationȱ method,ȱ theȱ lengthȱ ofȱ recordȱ atȱ theȱ gaugingȱ station,ȱ andȱ theȱ lackȱofȱflowȱmeasurementsȱatȱpeakȱflowȱconditions.ȱȱTheȱestimatedȱ100Ȭyearȱmaximumȱprobableȱ floodȱflowsȱareȱusedȱforȱtheȱconceptualȱdesignsȱdescribedȱinȱthisȱfeasibilityȱstudy.ȱ TableȱDȬ1:ȱȱMaximumȱProbableȱFloodsȱatȱBurroȱCreekȱ Parameterȱ BurroȱCreekȱ BasinȱAreaȱ(squareȱmiles)ȱ 12.39ȱ MeanȱAnnualȱPrecipitationȱ(inches)ȱ(1)ȱ 80ȱ PercentageȱofȱBasinȱasȱStorageȱ(lakes,ȱponds)ȱ 0%ȱ MeanȱMinimumȱJanuaryȱTemperatureȱ(°F)ȱ(1)ȱ +4°Fȱ Estimatedȱ500Ȭyearȱfloodȱ 2,364ȱcfsȱ Estimatedȱ100Ȭyearȱfloodȱ(InitialȱEstimateȱofȱDesignȱFlood) 1,815ȱcfs Estimatedȱ25Ȭyearȱfloodȱ 1,390ȱcfsȱ Estimatedȱ2Ȭyearȱfloodȱ 641ȱcfsȱ MaximumȱRecordedȱFlowȱ(Dec.ȱ2009ȱ–ȱOct.ȱ2011)ȱ(2)ȱ 491ȱcfsȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ (1) DataȱareȱfromȱsourceȱmapsȱspecifiedȱinȱtheȱUSGSȱpublication.ȱȱȱ (2) Maximumȱ flowȱ isȱ calculatedȱ fromȱ recordedȱ stageȱ dataȱ andȱ theȱ gaugingȱ station’sȱ ratingȱ curve.ȱȱThisȱ calculatedȱ flowȱ isȱ wellȱ outsideȱ theȱ rangeȱ ofȱ measuredȱ flowsȱ usedȱ toȱ developȱ theȱ stageȬdischargeȱ curve,ȱ andȱ mayȱ haveȱ significantȱextrapolationȱerror.ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 7ȱȱ SeeȱUSGSȱWaterȱResourcesȱInvestigationȱReportȱ2003Ȭ4188.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ DȬ2ȱ D.2ȱ GeotechnicalȱConsiderationsȱ Theȱ prevalenceȱ ofȱ shallowȱ bedrockȱ throughoutȱ theȱ projectȱ areaȱ precludesȱ costȬeffectiveȱ trenchingȱ forȱ burialȱ ofȱ pipelinesȱ andȱ powerȱ cablesȱ inȱ someȱ areas.ȱȱPartialȱ burial,ȱ onȬgrade,ȱ and/orȱ aboveȬgradeȱ pipelinesȱ areȱ viableȱ projectȱ options.ȱȱSimilarly,ȱ onȬgradeȱ orȱ shallowȱ burialȱ cablesȱinȱconduitȱareȱpracticalȱoptionsȱforȱpowerȱandȱcommunications.ȱȱȱ Accessȱ trailsȱ inȱ certainȱ areasȱ mayȱ requireȱ removalȱ ofȱ rock.ȱȱToȱ reduceȱ constructionȱ costs,ȱ geotechnicalȱ subsurfaceȱ investigationȱ isȱ recommendedȱ beforeȱ accessȱ alignmentsȱ areȱ finalizedȱ toȱ reduceȱtheȱamountȱofȱblastingȱandȱrippingȱrequired.ȱȱȱ D.2.1ȱ TypicalȱVegetationȱȱ Theȱ projectȱ areaȱ isȱ generallyȱ forestedȱ byȱ largeȱ conifersȱ growingȱ inȱ shallowȱ soilsȱ overlayingȱ weatheredȱ andȱ fracturedȱ rock.ȱȱMixedȱ coniferȱ andȱ deciduousȱ vegetationȱ tendsȱ toȱ beȱ prevalentȱ whereȱtheȱgradesȱareȱmoderateȱandȱthickerȱsoilȱstrataȱoccurs.ȱȱȱ D.3ȱ TsunamiȱHazardsȱ Theȱ onlyȱ featureȱ ofȱ aȱ hydroȱ projectȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ thatȱ wouldȱ beȱ exposedȱ toȱ tsunamiȱ hazardȱ isȱ theȱpowerhouse.ȱȱAllȱofȱtheȱproposedȱpowerhouseȱsitesȱareȱawayȱfromȱtheȱcoast,ȱatȱelevationsȱofȱ 50ȱorȱmoreȱfeetȱaboveȱseaȱlevel.ȱȱTsunamiȱhazardȱforȱtheseȱsitesȱisȱconsideredȱminimal.ȱȱȱȱȱ Tsunamisȱ canȱ beȱ generatedȱ fromȱ distantȱ seismicȱ eventsȱ suchȱ asȱ theȱ Marchȱ 1964ȱ Alaskaȱ earthquakeȱ orȱ theȱ Marchȱ 2011ȱ Japanȱ earthquake.ȱȱTsunamisȱ canȱ alsoȱ beȱ generatedȱ byȱ localȱ events,ȱsuchȱasȱlandslidesȱintoȱnearbyȱwatersȱorȱsubmarineȱlandslides.ȱȱȱ Theȱ tsunamiȱ energyȱ fromȱ distantȱ sourcesȱ cannotȱ generallyȱ propagateȱ intoȱ upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ andȱ stillȱ causeȱ tsunamisȱ ofȱ concernȱ toȱ thisȱ project.ȱȱLocallyȱ sourcedȱ tsunamisȱ doȱ occurȱ inȱ upperȱ Lynnȱ Canal,ȱ dueȱ toȱ submarineȱ andȱ uplandȱ landslidesȱ orȱ massȱ wastingȱ events.ȱȱBurroȱ Creekȱ isȱ potentiallyȱ exposedȱ toȱ tsunamisȱ fromȱ eventsȱ atȱ theȱ alluvialȱ fanȱ ofȱ theȱ Skagwayȱ Riverȱ (Skagwayȱ waterfront)ȱorȱtheȱeastȱshoreȱofȱLynnȱCanalȱsouthȱapproximatelyȱoneȱmileȱfromȱSkagway.ȱ Tsunamiȱhazardȱshouldȱbeȱassessedȱduringȱtheȱdesignȱphaseȱofȱprojectsȱwithȱpowerhousesȱsitedȱ northȱofȱtheȱdockȱorȱbelowȱtheȱfalls.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱEȱ–ȱENVIRONMENTALȱCONSIDERATIONSȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ !!"# $% &'! &! ( $&(&&))&)*&$&)&& ! " # $ ! & # &$&)+)#& % &' ( ' ) ! * ! +' ! " ! , ! ' ' ! - ") . " ' " " ! ! /01 !'! $ " " ( " # # $ " ! ! ! 2" ! !% &') . ! 3 ! # 2! "! 4( ! 3 ! # ! ! 2! 4%4& 4) ! ! 3 ! ! 3! ! ' 4! 4 ( $--5 &, +(&$)$-.(/ # " ! " 3% ' ( ' "3 &0 +&())$1(&(&)$& % ! 5//65/0/ 5/00 # ! 078/ 3! # " 078/ + ( ' ) ! *5/0/ 9:: ! ! ' : (;;:: BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ EȬ2ȱ mayȱrequireȱfillingȱofȱsmallȱlocalizedȱwetlandsȱthatȱoccurȱalongȱtheȱpenstockȱ/ȱaccessȱroute.ȱȱTheȱ projectȱisȱnotȱexpectedȱtoȱhaveȱaȱsignificantȱimpactȱonȱwetlandsȱorȱprotectedȱareas.ȱ E.5ȱ ARCHAEOLOGICALȱANDȱHISTORICALȱRESOURCESȱ Noȱ archaeologicalȱ orȱ historicalȱ resourcesȱ areȱ knownȱ inȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ area.ȱȱTheȱ Stateȱ Historicalȱ Preservationȱ Officeȱ willȱ beȱ consultedȱ duringȱ theȱ permittingȱ processȱ toȱ determineȱ ifȱ anyȱhistoricalȱorȱarchaeologicalȱresourcesȱexistȱinȱtheȱarea.ȱȱInȱaddition,ȱlocalȱNativeȱ groupsȱwillȱ beȱconsultedȱregardingȱculturalȱresourcesȱinȱtheȱarea.ȱ E.6ȱ LANDȱDEVELOPMENTȱCONSIDERATIONSȱ Thisȱprojectȱisȱexpectedȱtoȱbeȱbuiltȱmostlyȱonȱprivateȱland,ȱwithȱpossibleȱextensionȱtoȱUSȱBureauȱ ofȱ Landȱ Managementȱ (BLM)ȱ landsȱ onȱ theȱ mountainȱ slopeȱ aboveȱ theȱ privateȱ land.ȱȱNoȱ significantȱ impactsȱ toȱ landȱ developmentȱ inȱ theȱ areaȱ areȱ expectedȱ toȱ occurȱ fromȱ thisȱ development.ȱ E.7ȱ TELECOMMUNICATIONSȱANDȱAVIATIONȱCONSIDERATIONSȱ Theȱprojectȱwillȱnotȱcreateȱsignificantȱimpactsȱtoȱtelecommunicationsȱorȱaviationȱresources.ȱ E.8ȱ VISUALȱANDȱAESTHETICȱRESOURCESȱ Althoughȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ fallsȱ isȱ beautiful,ȱ itȱ cannotȱ beȱ seenȱ offȱ theȱ propertyȱ dueȱ toȱ denseȱ forest.ȱȱ Developmentȱ ofȱ theȱ upgradeȱ wouldȱ requireȱ someȱ treeȱ removalȱ whichȱ couldȱ allowȱ theȱ developmentȱ toȱ beȱ seenȱ fromȱ aȱ distance.ȱȱReasonableȱ effortsȱ willȱ beȱ madeȱ toȱ minimizeȱ visualȱ impactsȱ ofȱ theȱ project.ȱȱDependingȱ onȱ finalȱ siting,ȱ theȱ newȱ powerhouseȱ couldȱ beȱ visibleȱ byȱ sea,ȱ air,ȱ andȱ possiblyȱ fromȱ theȱ Skagwayȱ waterfrontȱ withȱ theȱ useȱ ofȱ powerfulȱ binocularsȱ orȱ spottingȱ scopes.ȱȱTheȱ newȱ powerhouseȱ wouldȱ beȱ designedȱ toȱ blendȱ inȱ withȱ theȱ surroundings.ȱȱItȱ wouldȱ appearȱasȱanotherȱoutbuildingȱ similarȱtoȱtheȱbuildingsȱalreadyȱexistingȱ alongȱ theȱshoreȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱNoȱsignificantȱimpactsȱtoȱvisualȱorȱaestheticȱresourcesȱwouldȱoccurȱfromȱthisȱproject.ȱ E.9ȱ MITIGATIONȱMEASURESȱ Noȱimpactsȱwarrantingȱmitigationȱareȱknownȱatȱthisȱtime.ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱFȱ–ȱPERMITTINGȱINFORMATIONȱ ȱ ȱ F.1:ȱȱ FederalȱPermitsȱȱ ȱ pagesȱFȬ1ȱtoȱFȬ2ȱ F.2:ȱ StateȱPermitsȱȱ ȱ pagesȱFȬ2ȱ F.3:ȱ LocalȱPermitsȱȱ ȱ pagesȱFȬ3ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ FȬ1ȱ F.1ȱ FEDERALȱPERMITSȱ F.1.1ȱ FederalȱEnergyȱRegulatoryȱCommissionȱ Mostȱ hydroelectricȱ projectsȱ inȱ Alaskaȱ areȱ licensedȱ byȱ theȱ Federalȱ Energyȱ Regulatoryȱ Commissionȱ (FERC).ȱȱTheseȱ licensesȱ determineȱ howȱ toȱ allocateȱ streamȱ flowsȱ betweenȱ energyȱ generationȱ andȱotherȱ beneficialȱusesȱ recognizedȱ byȱtheȱFederalȱ Powerȱ Act,ȱandȱotherȱ applicableȱ laws.ȱȱSmallȱ hydroelectricȱ projectsȱ (underȱ 5ȱ MW)ȱ mayȱ beȱ exemptedȱ fromȱ obtainingȱ aȱ FERCȱ licenseȱ underȱ certainȱ conditions,ȱ suchȱ asȱ theȱ useȱ ofȱ aȱ naturalȱ waterȱ feature,ȱ andȱ controlȱ overȱ allȱ nonȬFederalȱlandsȱimpactedȱbyȱtheȱproject.ȱȱȱ Anȱ applicantȱ mustȱ fileȱ forȱ aȱ FERCȱ exemptionȱ applicationȱ whichȱ includesȱ suchȱ documentationȱ as:ȱ ¾aȱdetailedȱprojectȱdescription;ȱȱ ¾proofȱofȱpropertyȱownershipȱorȱrightsȱobtainedȱforȱuse;ȱ ¾projectȱschematicsȱandȱmaps;ȱ ¾anȱenvironmentalȱreportȱoutliningȱtheȱprojectȱareas:ȱ o floraȱandȱfauna,ȱȱ o landȱandȱwaterȱuses,ȱȱ o recreationalȱuses,ȱ o historicalȱandȱarcheologicalȱresources,ȱ o waterȱqualityȱandȱquantity,ȱ o scenicȱandȱaestheticȱresources,ȱ o andȱendangeredȱorȱthreatenedȱspecies,ȱandȱcriticalȱhabitats.ȱ ¾Descriptionȱofȱexpectedȱenvironmentalȱimpacts;ȱ ¾Proofȱ ofȱ consultationȱ withȱ pertinentȱ agencies,ȱ includingȱ havingȱ suppliedȱ suchȱ agenciesȱ withȱ theȱ draftȱ applicationȱ andȱ requiredȱ studies,ȱ andȱ havingȱ receivedȱ andȱ addressedȱ agencyȱcomments.ȱ ȱ Ifȱ aȱ FERCȱ licenseȱ isȱ requiredȱ forȱ theȱ project,ȱ allȱ Stateȱ andȱ Federalȱ permittingȱ effortsȱ willȱ beȱ managedȱ throughȱ thatȱ licensingȱ process.ȱȱProjectsȱ exemptedȱ fromȱ FERCȱ licensingȱ mustȱ useȱ normalȱStateȱandȱFederalȱpermittingȱprocesses.ȱȱȱ Toȱ determineȱ ifȱ theȱ projectȱ isȱ eligibleȱ forȱ anȱ exemption,ȱ aȱ Declarationȱ ofȱ Intentȱ shouldȱ beȱ filed,ȱ andȱFERCȱwillȱdetermineȱwhetherȱtheȱprojectȱmustȱobtainȱanȱexemptionȱorȱaȱlicense.ȱ F.1.2ȱ U.S.ȱȱBureauȱofȱLandȱManagementȱ Projectȱ configurationsȱ utilizingȱ diversionȱ sitesȱ 1,ȱ 2ȱ orȱ 3ȱ placeȱ theȱ projectȱ ontoȱ Federalȱ landȱ managedȱ byȱtheȱ U.S.ȱȱBureauȱofȱLandȱ Managementȱ(BLM).ȱȱLandȱ useȱpermitsȱ mustȱbeȱobtainedȱ forȱthatȱuse.ȱ F.1.3ȱ U.S.ȱȱForestȱServiceȱ Theȱ projectȱ areaȱ isȱ notȱ locatedȱ withinȱ theȱ Tongassȱ Nationalȱ Forest,ȱ soȱ isȱ notȱ requiredȱ toȱ obtainȱ landȱuseȱpermitsȱfromȱthatȱagency.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ FȬ2ȱ F.1.4ȱ U.S.ȱȱArmyȱCorpsȱofȱEngineersȱ Armyȱ Corpsȱ ofȱ Engineersȱ (COE)ȱ permitsȱ mustȱ beȱ obtainedȱ forȱ workȱ withinȱ watersȱ ofȱ theȱ U.S.,ȱ whichȱ includesȱ theȱ diversionȱ structureȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ andȱ theȱ submarineȱ cableȱ fromȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ Skagway.ȱȱCOEȱ permitsȱ areȱ alsoȱ requiredȱ forȱ workȱ inȱ wetlands.ȱȱNoȱ wetlandȱ workȱ isȱ necessaryȱ forȱ projectsȱ withȱ diversionsȱ atȱ sitesȱ 4ȱ orȱ 5ȱ (onȱ USSȱ 1560),ȱ howeverȱ projectsȱ withȱ diversionsȱatȱsitesȱ1,ȱ2ȱorȱ3ȱ(onȱBLMȱlandȱaboveȱUSSȱ1560)ȱwillȱrequireȱsomeȱworkȱinȱwetlands.ȱȱȱ Ifȱthisȱ projectȱisȱexemptedȱ fromȱFERCȱlicensingȱ (orȱ ruledȱ nonȬjurisdictionalȱ becauseȱitȱ isȱlocatedȱ entirelyȱonȱUSSȱ1560),ȱitȱisȱexpectedȱtoȱbeȱeligibleȱforȱaȱNationȱWideȱPermitȱ#17ȱforȱhydroelectricȱ projects.ȱȱOtherwise,ȱtheȱprojectȱmustȱbeȱpermittedȱasȱpartȱofȱtheȱFERCȱlicensingȱprocess.ȱȱȱ F.1.5ȱ U.S.ȱȱEnvironmentalȱProtectionȱAgencyȱ Aȱstormwaterȱpollutionȱpreventionȱplanȱwillȱbeȱrequiredȱforȱconstructionȱofȱthisȱproject.ȱ F.1.6ȱ FederalȱAviationȱAdministrationȱ Noneȱofȱtheȱprojectȱalternativesȱwillȱpresentȱhazardsȱtoȱaviation.ȱ F.1.7ȱ U.S.ȱȱFishȱandȱWildlifeȱServiceȱ PreliminaryȱconsultationȱwithȱtheȱU.S.ȱȱFishȱandȱWildlifeȱServiceȱindicatesȱthatȱthisȱprojectȱisȱnotȱ expectedȱ toȱ impactȱ anyȱ threatenedȱ orȱ endangeredȱ species.ȱȱIfȱ theȱ statusȱ ofȱ threatenedȱ orȱ endangeredȱ speciesȱ changes,ȱ orȱ otherȱ speciesȱ inȱ theȱ projectȱ areaȱ becomeȱ listedȱ asȱ threatenedȱ orȱ endangered,ȱthenȱanotherȱconsultationȱmustȱbeȱrequested.ȱ F.1.8ȱ NOAA/NationalȱMarineȱFisheriesȱServiceȱ Noȱ marineȱ speciesȱ listedȱ asȱ threatenedȱ orȱ endangeredȱ useȱ theȱ projectȱ area.ȱȱAȱ biologicalȱ assessmentȱmustȱbeȱperformedȱtoȱdetermineȱifȱanyȱessentialȱfishȱhabitatȱwillȱbeȱimpactedȱbyȱtheȱ project.ȱ F.1.9ȱ U.S.ȱȱCoastȱGuardȱ AsȬbuiltȱ drawingsȱ showingȱ underwaterȱ cableȱ locationsȱ mustȱ beȱ providedȱ toȱ theȱ U.S.ȱȱCoastȱ Guardȱforȱincorporationȱintoȱnavigationalȱcharts.ȱȱȱ F.1.10ȱ U.S.ȱDepartmentȱofȱEnergyȱ(DOE)ȱ Twoȱ additionalȱ permitsȱ areȱ requiredȱ fromȱ theȱ DOEȱ forȱ saleȱ ofȱ energyȱ toȱ marketsȱ inȱ Canada.ȱȱ Theseȱare:ȱ 1.ȱ PresidentialȱPermit.ȱȱȱȱ 2.ȱȱ ExportȱAuthorization.ȱ ProjectsȱthatȱwereȱbuiltȱforȱtheȱCanadianȱmarketȱwouldȱalsoȱrequireȱFERCȱlicensingȱdueȱtoȱtheirȱ locationȱ onȱFederalȱ land.ȱȱTheseȱ permitȱapplicationsȱwouldȱbeȱfiledȱ concurrentlyȱwithȱsubmittalȱ ofȱ theȱ Licenseȱ Applicationȱ toȱ theȱ FERC.ȱȱTheȱ developmentȱ costȱ estimatesȱ andȱ schedulesȱ includeȱ theseȱpermittingȱprocessesȱforȱprojectsȱoverȱ5ȱMWȱthatȱcouldȱsellȱtoȱCanadianȱmarkets.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ FȬ3ȱ F.2ȱ STATEȱOFȱALASKAȱPERMITSȱ F.2.1ȱ AlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱNaturalȱResourcesȱ Coastalȱ Zoneȱ Consistencyȱ Review:ȱȱAlthoughȱ theȱ Alaskaȱ Coastalȱ Zoneȱ Managementȱ Programȱ wasȱdiscontinuedȱ inȱ 2010,ȱ thereȱ isȱ aȱ moveȱ toȱreconstituteȱ it.ȱȱProgressȱonȱ thisȱ movementȱshouldȱ beȱ followed.ȱȱLikelyȱ muchȱ ofȱ theȱ informationȱ forȱ aȱ possibleȱ futureȱ consistencyȱ reviewȱ willȱ beȱ gatheredȱforȱotherȱpermittingȱagencies.ȱ LandȱAuthorizations:ȱȱThisȱprojectȱwillȱnotȱoccupyȱStateȱland.ȱ Tidelandsȱ Permits:ȱȱTidelandsȱ easementsȱ willȱ beȱ requiredȱ ifȱ underseaȱ cablesȱ areȱ toȱ beȱ usedȱ forȱ thisȱproject.ȱ MaterialȱSaleȱAgreement:ȱȱNotȱapplicable.ȱ Waterȱ Useȱ Permits/Waterȱ Rights:ȱȱWaterȱ rightsȱ fromȱ theȱ Alaskaȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Naturalȱ Resourcesȱwillȱneedȱtoȱbeȱobtainedȱforȱthisȱproject.ȱ F.2.2ȱ AlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱFishȱandȱGameȱ Theȱ projectȱ willȱ needȱ toȱ obtainȱ eitherȱ aȱ fishȱ habitatȱ permitȱ orȱ aȱ findingȱ thatȱ aȱ permitȱ isȱ notȱ requiredȱfromȱtheȱAlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱFishȱandȱGame.ȱ F.2.3ȱ AlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱTransportationȱandȱPublicȱFacilitiesȱ Notȱapplicable.ȱ F.2.4ȱ AlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱEnvironmentalȱConservationȱ WastewaterȱorȱPotableȱWaterȱPermits:ȱȱNotȱapplicable.ȱ SolidȱWasteȱDisposalȱPermit:ȱȱNotȱapplicable.ȱ AirȱQualityȱPermitȱandȱBulkȱFuelȱPermits:ȱȱNotȱapplicable.ȱ F.2.5ȱ RegulatoryȱCommissionȱofȱAlaskaȱ Theȱ Regulatoryȱ Commissionȱ ofȱ Alaskaȱ (RCA)ȱ governsȱ howȱ anȱ electricȱ utilityȱ mayȱ operateȱ andȱ sellȱ itsȱ power.ȱȱTheȱ regulationsȱ areȱ complex,ȱ andȱ mayȱ beȱ waivedȱ atȱ theȱ discretionȱ ofȱ theȱȱfiveȱ RCAȱ commissionersȱifȱ theyȱ feelȱitȱ isȱ inȱ theȱ “Publicȱ Interest.”ȱȱInȱ general,ȱ theȱRCAȱ regulationsȱ ofȱ relevanceȱtoȱthisȱprojectȱareȱasȱfollows:ȱ ȱ ¾ȱ Ifȱ aȱ powerȱ producerȱ producesȱ lessȱ thanȱ 1ȱ MWȱ aboveȱ itsȱ ownȱ powerȱ needs,ȱ itȱ mayȱ sellȱ thatȱ excessȱ powerȱ toȱ aȱ localȱ utilityȱ withoutȱ certification,ȱ andȱ theȱ utilityȱ mustȱ payȱ atȱ itsȱ “avoidedȱ cost”ȱ (forȱ APC,ȱ thatȱ isȱ currentlyȱ aboutȱ 28ȱ centsȱ perȱ kWh).ȱȱIfȱ theȱ excessȱ producedȱ isȱ aboveȱ 1ȱ MW,ȱ theȱ powerȱ producerȱ mustȱ certifyȱ asȱ anȱ Independentȱ Powerȱ Producer,ȱandȱmustȱnegotiateȱwithȱtheȱutilityȱtoȱsellȱthatȱpowerȱtoȱtheȱutility.ȱ ¾ȱ Anȱ IndependentȱPowerȱProducerȱ canȱ eitherȱ sellȱ upȱ toȱ$50,000ȱ worthȱ ofȱpower,ȱ orȱ toȱ lessȱ thanȱ10ȱcustomersȱwithoutȱbeingȱcertifiedȱasȱaȱutility.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ FȬ4ȱ ¾ȱ Aȱ powerȱ producerȱ canȱ fileȱ asȱ aȱ utilityȱ withinȱ anotherȱ utility’sȱ serviceȱ area,ȱ butȱ itȱ willȱ beȱ upȱtoȱRCAȱcommissionersȱwhetherȱtheȱproducerȱgetsȱthatȱcertificateȱorȱnot.ȱȱȱ ¾ȱ Aȱ powerȱ producerȱ mayȱ sellȱ powerȱ toȱ businessesȱ ownedȱ inȱ commonȱ withȱ theȱ ownerȱ ofȱ theȱpowerȱproducerȱwithoutȱbeingȱcertifiedȱasȱaȱutility.ȱ ¾ȱ Aȱ powerȱ producerȱ canȱ getȱ aȱ “service”ȱ contractȱ withȱ aȱ utilityȱ toȱ sellȱ powerȱ toȱ customersȱ usingȱ itsȱ transmissionȱ linesȱ andȱ equipment.ȱȱInȱ thisȱ case,ȱ theȱ powerȱ producerȱ willȱ likelyȱ payȱaȱchargeȱperȱkWhȱ(wheelingȱ charge)ȱtoȱtheȱutilityȱ forȱtheȱuseȱofȱitsȱ transmissionȱandȱ distributionȱinfrastructure.ȱȱȱ ¾ȱ Aȱ powerȱproducerȱ mayȱsellȱpowerȱ toȱaȱcooperativeȱ suchȱasȱ IPECȱwithoutȱ beingȱcertifiedȱ asȱaȱutility.ȱ ȱ Inȱ addition,ȱ aȱ powerȱ producerȱ canȱ beȱ exemptedȱ fromȱ havingȱ toȱ beȱ certifiedȱ asȱ aȱ utilityȱ throughȱ ASȱ42.05.711(r)ȱasȱfollows:ȱ ȱȱ Aȱ plantȱ orȱ facilityȱ thatȱ generatesȱ electricityȱ entirelyȱ fromȱ renewableȱ energyȱ resources,ȱ asȱ thatȱ termȱisȱdefinedȱinȱASȱ42.45.045ȱ,ȱisȱexemptȱfromȱregulationȱunderȱthisȱchapterȱifȱ (1)ȱtheȱplantȱorȱfacilityȱ (A)ȱ isȱ firstȱ placedȱ intoȱ commercialȱ operationȱ onȱ orȱ afterȱ theȱ effectiveȱ dateȱ ofȱ thisȱ subsectionȱandȱbeforeȱJanuaryȱ1,ȱ2016;ȱandȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ(B)ȱdoesȱnotȱgenerateȱmoreȱthanȱ65ȱmegawattsȱofȱelectricity;ȱ (2)ȱ theȱ electricityȱ generatedȱ byȱ theȱ plantȱ orȱ facilityȱ isȱ soldȱ onlyȱ toȱ oneȱ orȱ moreȱ electricȱ utilitiesȱthatȱareȱregulatedȱbyȱtheȱcommission;ȱandȱ (3)ȱ theȱ personȱ thatȱ constructs,ȱ owns,ȱ acquires,ȱ orȱ operatesȱ theȱ plantȱ orȱ facilityȱ hasȱ notȱ receivedȱfromȱtheȱStateȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ (A)ȱ aȱ grantȱ thatȱ wasȱ usedȱ toȱ generateȱ theȱ electricityȱ fromȱ theȱ renewableȱ energyȱ resources;ȱorȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ(B)ȱaȱtaxȱcreditȱrelatedȱtoȱtheȱgenerationȱofȱelectricityȱfromȱtheȱrenewableȱenergy.ȱ Exemptionȱ fromȱ economicȱ regulationȱ isȱ alsoȱ possibleȱ onȱ publicȱ interestȱ groundsȱ underȱ ASȱ 42.05.711ȱ(r).ȱ F.3ȱ LOCALȱPERMITSȱ Theȱ projectȱ isȱ locatedȱ withinȱ theȱ Municipalityȱ ofȱ Skagway,ȱ andȱ isȱ inȱ anȱ areaȱ zonedȱ ResidentialȬ conservation.ȱȱElectricȱ facilitiesȱ isȱaȱpermittedȱprincipalȱ useȱ inȱ thisȱzoningȱ area,ȱhowever,ȱ aȱlocalȱ buildingȱpermitȱwillȱbeȱrequiredȱpriorȱtoȱconstruction.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱGȱ–TECHNICALȱANALYSISȱȱ ȱ ȱ G.1:ȱ PotentialȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱ pagesȱGȬ1ȱtoȱGȬ7ȱ G.2:ȱȱ ElectricalȱOutputȱofȱȱȱ ȱ ProjectȱConfigurationsȱ pagesȱGȬ8ȱtoȱGȬ9ȱ G.3:ȱ TransmissionȱAlternativesȱ pagesȱGȬ10ȱtoȱGȬ12 BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ1ȱ G.1ȱ POTENTIALȱPROJECTȱCONFIGURATIONSȱ Hydropowerȱ developmentȱ optionsȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ wereȱ identifiedȱ byȱ collectingȱ andȱ analyzingȱ resourceȱ dataȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheȱ resourceȱ dataȱ includedȱ streamȱ hydrology,ȱ siteȱ topography,ȱ andȱ relatedȱ information.ȱȱEnvironmentalȱ andȱ regulatoryȱ factorsȱ wereȱ alsoȱ consideredȱ inȱ developingȱcandidateȱprojectȱconfigurations.ȱȱȱ Severalȱ potentialȱ diversionȱ sites,ȱ powerhouseȱ sites,ȱ andȱ designȱ flowsȱ wereȱ evaluatedȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱTheseȱ areȱ summarizedȱ inȱ Tableȱ GȬ1ȱ andȱ discussedȱ inȱ thisȱ section.ȱȱEachȱ combinationȱ ofȱ theseȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ wasȱ analyzedȱ forȱ estimatedȱ cost,ȱ estimatedȱ energyȱ generation,ȱ andȱ environmentalȱissues,ȱandȱtheȱmostȱfavorableȱprojectȱconfigurationsȱidentified.ȱȱȱ TableȱGȬ1:ȱȱRangeȱofȱProjectȱOptionsȱConsideredȱ Parameterȱ ValuesȱConsideredȱ DiversionȱLocationȱ 1.ȱȱ1,160ȱft.ȱelevationȱȱ 2.ȱȱ1,000ȱft.ȱelevationȱȱ 3.ȱȱ800ȱft.ȱelevationȱ 4.ȱȱExistingȱDiversionȱ(235ȱft.)ȱ 5.ȱȱPropertyȱLineȱ(340ȱft.)ȱ PowerhouseȱLocationȱ A.ȱȱExistingȱPowerhouseȱ(33ȱft.)ȱ B.ȱȱBelowȱFallsȱ(50ȱft.)ȱ C.ȱȱAboveȱFallsȱ(80ȱft.)ȱ D.ȱȱNorthȱofȱDockȱ(50ȱft.)ȱ DesignȱFlowȱ 50ȱcfsȱ(30Ȭinchȱpenstock)ȱ 70ȱcfsȱ(36Ȭinchȱpenstock)ȱ 110ȱcfsȱ(42Ȭinchȱpenstock)ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ G.1.1ȱDiversionȱLocationsȱ Fiveȱ diversionȱ sitesȱ wereȱ consideredȱ inȱ thisȱ study.ȱȱAsȱ theȱ diversionȱ siteȱ movesȱ upstream,ȱ theȱ projectȱ headȱ increases,ȱ increasingȱ potentialȱ energyȱ output,ȱ butȱ theȱ availableȱ waterȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱdecreases,ȱdecreasingȱpotentialȱenergyȱoutput.ȱȱȱ Theȱ diversionȱ sitesȱ extendȱ fromȱ theȱ existingȱ hydroȱ intakeȱ atȱ mileȱ 0.42ȱ (elevationȱ 235ȱ feet)ȱ upstreamȱtoȱmileȱ2.58,ȱwhereȱaȱmajorȱtributaryȱjoinsȱBurroȱCreekȱfromȱtheȱsouthȱ(elevationȱ1,160ȱ feet).ȱȱThisȱ tributaryȱ andȱ anotherȱ tributaryȱ thatȱ joinsȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ fromȱ theȱ northȱ atȱ mileȱ 2.74ȱ compriseȱaȱsignificantȱfractionȱofȱtheȱbasinȱarea,ȱsoȱaȱdiversionȱaboveȱmileȱ2.58ȱisȱnotȱconsideredȱ practicalȱ dueȱ toȱ theȱ reducedȱ flowȱ aboveȱ theseȱ tributaries.ȱȱCharacteristicsȱ ofȱ theȱ fiveȱ diversionȱ locationsȱconsideredȱareȱsummarizedȱinȱTableȱGȬ2.ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ2ȱ TableȱGȬ2:ȱȱDiversionȱSiteȱConsiderationsȱ Diversionȱ Siteȱ Elevationȱ BasinȱArea (SquareȱMiles)ȱ Advantagesȱ Disadvantagesȱ Siteȱ#5ȱ Existingȱ Intakeȱ 235’ȱ 12.33ȱ ȬȱExposedȱrockȱacrossȱcreekȱ section.ȱ ȬȱOnȱprivateȱproperty,ȱavoidsȱ FERCȱlicensing.ȱ ȬȱLowȱhead,ȱlimitedȱ generationȱpotentialȱ.ȱ Siteȱ#4ȱ Propertyȱ Lineȱ 340’ȱ 12.21ȱ ȬȱOnȱprivateȱproperty,ȱavoidsȱ FERCȱlicensing.ȱ Ȭȱ95’ȱmoreȱhead.ȱ ȬȱLacksȱexposedȱbedrock,ȱ moreȱdifficultȱconstruction.ȱ Siteȱ#3ȱ Conceptualȱȱ 800’ȱ 10.44ȱ Ȭȱ460’ȱmoreȱhead.ȱ ȱ ȬȱLacksȱexposedȱbedrock,ȱ moreȱdifficultȱconstruction.ȱ ȬȱOnȱFederalȱproperty,ȱ requiresȱFERCȱlicensing.ȱ Ȭȱ5,100’ȱmoreȱpenstockȱandȱ accessȱtrailȱrequiredȱ Ȭȱ14.5%ȱlessȱwaterȱ(gross).ȱ Siteȱ#2ȱ Conceptualȱ 1,000’ȱ 9.70ȱȬȱ200’ȱmoreȱhead.ȱ ȬȱLacksȱexposedȱbedrock,ȱ moreȱdifficultȱconstruction.ȱ ȬȱOnȱFederalȱproperty,ȱ requiresȱFERCȱlicensing.ȱ Ȭȱ2,700’ȱmoreȱpenstockȱandȱ accessȱtrailȱrequired.ȱ Ȭȱ7.1%ȱlessȱwaterȱ(gross).ȱ Siteȱ#1ȱ Conceptualȱ 1,160’ȱ 9.10ȱȬȱ160’ȱmoreȱhead.ȱ ȬȱLacksȱexposedȱbedrock,ȱ moreȱdifficultȱconstruction.ȱ ȬȱOnȱFederalȱproperty,ȱ requiresȱFERCȱlicensing.ȱ Ȭȱ2,200’ȱmoreȱpenstockȱandȱ accessȱtrailȱrequired.ȱ Ȭȱ6.4%ȱlessȱwaterȱ(gross).ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ DiversionȱSiteȱ#5ȱ–ȱExistingȱDiversionȱ(235ȱfeet)ȱ Theȱ existingȱ diversionȱ siteȱ (Photographsȱ BȬ4ȱ throughȱ BȬ6)ȱ isȱ favorableȱ dueȱ toȱ theȱ presenceȱ ofȱ exposedȱ bedrockȱ thatȱ simplifiesȱ constructionȱ ofȱ aȱ diversionȱ structure.ȱȱTopographyȱ atȱ theȱ siteȱ alsoȱ allowsȱ forȱ theȱ penstockȱ toȱ rapidlyȱ departȱ theȱ creekȱ bed,ȱ reducingȱ floodȱ hazardȱ toȱ theȱ penstock.ȱȱAȱ projectȱ developedȱ atȱ thisȱ siteȱ wouldȱ alsoȱ beȱ whollyȱ sitedȱ onȱ privateȱ land,ȱ simplifyingȱtheȱpermittingȱrequirementsȱforȱtheȱproject.ȱȱTheȱprimaryȱdisadvantageȱofȱthisȱsiteȱisȱ thatȱitȱ isȱatȱ aȱsignificantlyȱlowerȱ elevationȱ thanȱ upstreamȱsites,ȱlimitingȱ theȱenergyȱpotentialȱ ofȱ aȱ hydroȱprojectȱwithȱaȱdiversionȱsitedȱhere.ȱ Existingȱ accessȱ toȱ theȱ existingȱ diversionȱ siteȱ isȱ viaȱ footȱ trail.ȱȱTheȱ existingȱ diversionȱ wasȱ builtȱ withȱ handȱ labor,ȱ andȱ noȱ motorizedȱ trailȱ exists.ȱȱAȱ constructionȱ trailȱ couldȱ beȱ builtȱ toȱ thisȱ diversionȱsiteȱusingȱconventionalȱmethodsȱandȱequipment.ȱȱTheȱmostȱfavorableȱrouteȱappearsȱtoȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ3ȱ startȱ atȱ theȱ trailȱ thatȱ headsȱ northȱ fromȱ theȱ dock,ȱ andȱ joinsȱ upȱ withȱ theȱ existingȱ penstockȱ atȱ approximatelyȱ stationȱ 5+25.ȱȱTheȱ trailȱ wouldȱ deviateȱ northȱ fromȱ theȱ existingȱ penstockȱ parallelingȱ itȱ onȱ aȱ higherȱ benchȱ approximatelyȱ 100ȱ feetȱ toȱ theȱ northȱ andȱ rejoiningȱ atȱ theȱ diversionȱsite.ȱȱȱ Penstockȱroutesȱwouldȱdependȱonȱtheȱpowerhouseȱlocation,ȱandȱareȱshownȱonȱFigureȱAȬ3.ȱȱȱ DiversionȱSiteȱ#4ȱ–ȱDiversionȱatȱPropertyȱLineȱ(340ȱfeet)ȱ Aȱ diversionȱ atȱ theȱ propertyȱ lineȱ wasȱ consideredȱ becauseȱ itȱ representsȱ theȱ maximumȱ headȱ thatȱ canȱ beȱ developedȱ onȱ USSȱ 1560.ȱȱAȱ diversionȱ hereȱ wouldȱ maximizeȱ energyȱ generationȱ whileȱ avoidingȱtheȱadditionalȱpermitsȱrequiredȱtoȱaccessȱFederalȱland.ȱȱȱ Bedrockȱisȱnotȱvisibleȱinȱtheȱcreekȱbedȱorȱsurroundingȱterrainȱatȱ thisȱdiversionȱsite.ȱȱInȱthisȱarea,ȱ theȱcreekȱisȱincisedȱaboutȱsixȱtoȱeightȱfeetȱintoȱaȱrelativelyȱflatȱvalleyȱfloor.ȱȱBecauseȱofȱtheȱcoarseȱ bedȱ materialȱ andȱ lackȱ ofȱ visibleȱ bedrock,ȱ theȱ diversionȱ structureȱ shouldȱ beȱ keptȱ asȱ shortȱ asȱ possibleȱtoȱminimizeȱtheȱamountȱofȱwaterȱthatȱflowsȱthroughȱtheȱgravelsȱbeneathȱtheȱstructure.ȱȱȱȱȱ Thereȱ isȱ noȱ developmentȱ onȱ USSȱ 1560ȱ aboveȱ theȱ existingȱ diversionȱ structure.ȱȱTheȱ terrainȱ fromȱ theȱ existingȱ diversionȱ upȱ toȱ theȱ propertyȱ lineȱ isȱ notȱ difficultȱ forȱ trailȱ building.ȱȱApproximatelyȱ 250ȱfeetȱofȱsidehillȱwouldȱbeȱnecessaryȱapproximatelyȱ400ȱfeetȱbelowȱtheȱdiversionȱtoȱmaintainȱaȱ downhillȱ gradeȱ fromȱ theȱ diversion.ȱȱTheȱ accessȱ trailȱ couldȱ takeȱ anȱ alternateȱ routeȱ upȱ thisȱ hillȱ ifȱ necessary.ȱȱFieldȱ inspectionȱ alsoȱ identifiedȱ someȱ possibleȱ smallȱ wetlandȱ areasȱ alongȱ thisȱ route.ȱȱ Itȱmayȱbeȱpracticalȱtoȱavoidȱtheseȱbyȱproperȱroutingȱofȱtheȱaccessȱtrailȱ/ȱpenstock.ȱȱȱ DiversionȱSiteȱ#3ȱ–ȱatȱ800ȬfootȱElevationȱ Fieldȱ investigationsȱ onȱ theȱ groundȱ forȱ thisȱ studyȱ extendedȱ upȱ toȱ approximatelyȱ theȱ 700Ȭfootȱ elevation.ȱȱTheȱ creekȱ atȱ theȱ 800Ȭfootȱ elevationȱ wasȱ notȱ inspectedȱ onȱ theȱ groundȱ duringȱ fieldȱ investigationsȱ forȱ thisȱ study.ȱȱBasedȱ uponȱ reviewȱ ofȱ aerialȱ photographyȱ andȱ topographicȱ maps,ȱ conditionsȱatȱ800ȱfeetȱappearȱsimilarȱtoȱconditionsȱatȱandȱbelowȱ700ȱfeet,ȱwithȱtheȱcreekȱincisedȱ5ȱ toȱ 10ȱ feetȱ inȱ aȱ bedȱ armoredȱ withȱ largeȱ boulders.ȱȱLittleȱ ifȱ anyȱ bedrockȱ isȱ exposedȱ inȱ theȱ creekȱ bed.ȱȱTheȱ primaryȱ advantageȱ ofȱ thisȱ siteȱ isȱ theȱ increasedȱ elevationȱ andȱ increasedȱ generationȱ potential.ȱȱDisadvantagesȱinclude:ȱ ¾ȱ TheȱprojectȱwouldȱbeȱlocatedȱonȱFederalȱland,ȱrequiringȱadditionalȱpermits;ȱ ¾Anȱ additionalȱ 5,100ȱ feetȱ ofȱ accessȱ trailsȱ andȱ penstockȱ areȱ requiredȱ toȱ captureȱ theȱ additionalȱ460ȱfeetȱofȱheadȱcomparedȱwithȱanȱintakeȱatȱ340ȱfeet;ȱandȱ ¾Theȱ availableȱ flowsȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ areȱ reducedȱ dueȱ toȱ theȱ lossȱ ofȱ tributaryȱ flow,ȱ decreasingȱpotentialȱprojectȱoutput.ȱȱȱ Theȱ netȱ effectȱ ofȱ theȱ differencesȱ betweenȱ theȱ 340ȱ andȱ 800Ȭfootȱ diversionȱ sitesȱ isȱ positive.ȱȱAnȱ intakeȱatȱ800ȱfeetȱwillȱgenerateȱmoreȱenergyȱatȱaȱlowerȱcostȱthanȱanȱintakeȱatȱ340ȱfeet.ȱȱȱ Accessȱ routesȱ toȱ theȱ 800ȱ footȱ diversionȱ wereȱ notȱ evaluatedȱ onȱ theȱ ground.ȱȱReviewȱ ofȱ topographicȱ mapsȱ andȱ aerialȱ photographsȱ suggestȱ theȱ terrainȱ steepensȱ andȱ exposedȱ bedrockȱ becomesȱ moreȱ prevalent.ȱȱCostȱ estimatesȱ assumeȱ moreȱ expensiveȱ trailȱ workȱ forȱ blastingȱ andȱ sidehillȱworkȱtoȱpioneerȱaȱtrailȱtoȱthisȱsite.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ4ȱ DiversionȱSiteȱ#2ȱ–ȱDiversionȱatȱ1,000ȬfootȱElevationȱȱ Fieldȱ investigationsȱ onȱ theȱ groundȱ forȱ thisȱ studyȱ extendedȱ upȱ toȱ approximatelyȱ theȱ 700Ȭfootȱ elevation.ȱȱTheȱ creekȱ atȱ theȱ 1,000Ȭfootȱ elevationȱ wasȱ notȱ inspectedȱ onȱ theȱ groundȱ duringȱ fieldȱ investigationsȱ forȱ thisȱ study.ȱȱBasedȱ uponȱ reviewȱ ofȱ aerialȱ photographyȱ andȱ topographicȱ maps,ȱ conditionsȱatȱ1,000ȱfeetȱappearȱsimilarȱtoȱconditionsȱalongȱtheȱcreekȱfromȱapproximatelyȱ250ȱfeetȱ toȱ 700ȱ feet.ȱȱTheȱ primaryȱ advantageȱ ofȱ thisȱ siteȱ isȱ theȱ increasedȱ elevationȱ andȱ increasedȱ generationȱpotential.ȱȱDisadvantagesȱinclude:ȱ ¾ȱ TheȱprojectȱwouldȱbeȱlocatedȱonȱFederalȱland,ȱrequiringȱadditionalȱpermits;ȱ ¾Anȱ additionalȱ 2,700ȱ feetȱ ofȱ accessȱ trailsȱ andȱ penstockȱ areȱ requiredȱ toȱ captureȱ theȱ additionalȱ200ȱfeetȱofȱheadȱcomparedȱwithȱanȱintakeȱatȱ800ȱfeet;ȱandȱ ¾Theȱ availableȱ flowsȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ areȱ reducedȱ dueȱ toȱ theȱ lossȱ ofȱ tributaryȱ flow,ȱ decreasingȱpotentialȱprojectȱoutput.ȱȱȱ Theȱ netȱ effectȱ ofȱ theȱ differencesȱ betweenȱ theȱ 800Ȭfootȱ andȱ 1,000Ȭfootȱ diversionȱ sites,ȱ withinȱ theȱ levelȱ ofȱ detailȱ ofȱ thisȱ study,ȱ isȱ neutral.ȱȱThisȱ projectȱ wouldȱ outputȱ moreȱ energyȱ thanȱ aȱ projectȱ withȱ aȱ diversionȱ atȱ 800ȱ feet,ȱ butȱ theȱ estimatedȱ costȱ ofȱ energyȱ fromȱ eitherȱ projectȱ isȱ approximatelyȱequal.ȱȱȱȱ Accessȱ routesȱ toȱ theȱ 1,000Ȭfootȱ diversionȱ wereȱ notȱ evaluatedȱ onȱ theȱ ground.ȱȱReviewȱ ofȱ topographicȱ mapsȱ andȱ aerialȱ photographsȱ suggestȱ thatȱ theȱ terrainȱ betweenȱ theȱ 800ȱ andȱ 1,000Ȭ footȱ diversionsȱ isȱ similarȱ toȱ terrainȱ inȱ theȱ vicinityȱ ofȱ theȱ 340Ȭfootȱ diversionȱ site.ȱȱCostȱ estimatesȱ reflectȱtheseȱassumedȱconditions.ȱȱȱ DiversionȱSiteȱ#1ȱ–ȱDiversionȱatȱ1,160ȬfootȱElevationȱȱ Aȱ diversionȱ atȱ1,160Ȭfootȱelevationȱwouldȱbeȱlocatedȱjustȱdownstreamȱofȱaȱmajorȱtributary.ȱȱThisȱ isȱ theȱ farthestȱ upstreamȱ diversionȱ locationȱ thatȱ isȱ consideredȱ practical.ȱȱFieldȱ investigationsȱ onȱ theȱgroundȱforȱthisȱstudyȱextendedȱupȱtoȱapproximatelyȱtheȱ700Ȭfootȱelevation.ȱȱTheȱcreekȱatȱtheȱ 1,160Ȭfootȱ elevationȱ wasȱ notȱ inspectedȱ onȱ theȱ groundȱ duringȱ fieldȱ investigationsȱ forȱ thisȱ study.ȱȱ Basedȱuponȱreviewȱofȱaerialȱphotographyȱandȱtopographicȱmaps,ȱconditionsȱatȱ1,000ȱfeetȱappearȱ similarȱ toȱ conditionsȱ alongȱ theȱ creekȱ fromȱ approximatelyȱ 250ȱ toȱ 700Ȭfootȱ elevations.ȱȱTheȱ primaryȱ advantageȱ ofȱ thisȱ siteȱ isȱ theȱ increasedȱ elevationȱ andȱ increasedȱ generationȱ potential.ȱȱ Disadvantagesȱinclude:ȱ ¾ȱ TheȱprojectȱwouldȱbeȱlocatedȱonȱFederalȱlandȱareȱrequireȱadditionalȱpermits;ȱ ¾ȱ Anȱ additionalȱ 2,200ȱ feetȱ ofȱ accessȱ trailsȱ andȱ penstockȱ areȱ requiredȱ toȱ captureȱ theȱ additionalȱ160ȱfeetȱofȱheadȱcomparedȱwithȱanȱintakeȱatȱ1,000ȱfeet;ȱandȱ ¾Theȱ availableȱ flowsȱ inȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ areȱ reducedȱ dueȱ toȱ theȱ lossȱ ofȱ tributaryȱ flow,ȱ decreasingȱpotentialȱprojectȱoutput.ȱȱȱ ȱ Theȱnetȱeffectȱofȱtheȱdifferencesȱbetweenȱtheȱ1,000Ȭfootȱandȱ1,160Ȭfootȱdiversionȱsites,ȱwithinȱtheȱ levelȱ ofȱ detailȱ ofȱ thisȱ study,ȱ isȱ negative.ȱȱTheȱ additionalȱ projectȱ costsȱ areȱ notȱ justifiedȱ byȱ theȱ additionalȱenergyȱoutput.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ5ȱ Accessȱ routesȱ toȱ theȱ 1,160Ȭfootȱ diversionȱ wereȱ notȱ evaluatedȱ onȱ theȱ ground.ȱȱReviewȱ ofȱ topographicȱ mapsȱ andȱ aerialȱ photographsȱ suggestȱ thatȱ theȱ terrainȱ betweenȱ theȱ 1,000ȱ andȱ 1,160Ȭ footȱ diversionsȱ isȱ similarȱ toȱ terrainȱ inȱ theȱ vicinityȱ ofȱ theȱ 340Ȭfootȱ diversionȱ site.ȱȱCostȱ estimatesȱ reflectȱtheseȱassumedȱconditions.ȱȱȱ G.1.2ȱ PenstockȱRoutesȱ UpperȱPenstockȱRoutesȱ Upperȱ penstockȱ routesȱ areȱ shownȱ onȱ Figureȱ AȬ4.ȱȱPenstocksȱ startingȱ atȱ diversionȱ sitesȱ 1,ȱ 2,ȱ orȱ 3ȱ wouldȱ initiallyȱ beȱ builtȱ onȱ accessȱ trailsȱ thatȱ sideȱ hillȱ throughȱ mountainousȱ terrainȱ withȱ typicalȱ slopesȱ ofȱ 2:1ȱ toȱ 3:1.ȱȱTheseȱ accessȱ trailsȱ wouldȱ beȱ builtȱ atȱ aȱ 2ȱ toȱ 4%ȱ gradeȱ descendingȱ fromȱ theȱ diversionȱsite.ȱȱSomeȱblastingȱwillȱlikelyȱbeȱnecessaryȱtoȱmaintainȱthisȱgrade.ȱȱSteeperȱgradesȱareȱ allowableȱ toȱ avoidȱ prominentȱ outcropsȱ orȱ otherȱobstacles,ȱ butȱ maintainingȱ aȱ shallowȱ gradeȱwillȱ allowȱforȱincreasedȱuseȱofȱlowerȱpressureȱpipe,ȱreducingȱpenstockȱmaterialȱcosts.ȱȱȱ Approximatelyȱ 1,000ȱ feetȱ downstreamȱ ofȱ diversionȱ siteȱ 3,ȱ allȱ threeȱ penstockȱ routesȱ encounterȱ steeperȱ terrain.ȱȱForȱ theȱ nextȱ approximatelyȱ 3,500’,ȱ theȱ penstockȱ routesȱ traverseȱ terrainȱ withȱ typicalȱ slopesȱ ofȱ 1:1.ȱȱSignificantȱ trailȱ buildingȱ workȱ andȱ blastingȱ willȱ beȱ neededȱ toȱ provideȱ accessȱandȱaȱpenstockȱbenchȱthroughȱthisȱarea.ȱȱȱ Anȱ incisedȱ ravineȱ occursȱ approximatelyȱ 1,500ȱ feetȱ belowȱ diversionȱ siteȱ 3.ȱȱThisȱ ravineȱ isȱ coȬ locatedȱ withȱ aȱ majorȱ avalancheȱ chuteȱ onȱ theȱ southȱ sideȱ ofȱ Burroȱ Creek.ȱȱThereȱ isȱ abundantȱ evidenceȱ thatȱ powderȱ blastȱ fromȱ thisȱ avalancheȱ chuteȱ hasȱ felledȱ matureȱ treesȱ approximatelyȱ 200Ȭ300ȱverticalȱfeetȱupȱtheȱnorthȱsideȱofȱBurroȱCreekȱValley.ȱȱTheȱpenstockȱfromȱdiversionȱsiteȱ3ȱ (800Ȭfootȱ elevation)ȱ wouldȱ crossȱ throughȱ thisȱ hazardȱ zone.ȱȱȱPenstocksȱ fromȱ diversionȱ sitesȱ 1ȱ andȱ2ȱwouldȱpassȱaboveȱthisȱhazardȱzone.ȱ Allȱ threeȱ penstockȱ routesȱ wouldȱ startȱ aȱ steepȱ (20ȱ toȱ 25%)ȱ downhillȱ gradeȱ towardsȱ theȱ powerhouseȱ nearȱ theȱ northwestȱ propertyȱ cornerȱofȱ USSȱ 1560.ȱȱAsȱ theȱ penstockȱ routesȱ approachȱ theȱ existingȱ intakeȱ site,ȱ theyȱ wouldȱ followȱ similarȱ routesȱ toȱ theȱ lowerȱ projectȱ penstockȱ routesȱ shownȱ onȱ Figureȱ AȬ3ȱ toȱ reachȱ anyȱ ofȱ theȱ fourȱ proposedȱ powerhouseȱ sites.ȱȱFigureȱ AȬ4ȱ onlyȱ showsȱroutesȱtoȱpowerhouseȱsiteȱ‘D’ȱforȱclarity.ȱ LowerȱPenstockȱRoutesȱȱ Lowerȱ penstockȱ routesȱ areȱ shownȱ onȱ Figureȱ AȬ3.ȱȱPenstocksȱ startingȱ atȱ diversionȱ sitesȱ 4ȱ wouldȱ initiallyȱcrossȱrelativelyȱflatȱterrain.ȱȱAboutȱ250ȱfeetȱfromȱtheȱdiversion,ȱtheȱpenstockȱwouldȱstartȱ toȱsidehillȱthroughȱ1:1ȱslopesȱ forȱ aboutȱ400ȱ feet.ȱȱAfterȱthisȱsidehill,ȱtheȱ penstockȱ wouldȱtraverseȱ anotherȱ 800ȱ feetȱ ofȱ relativelyȱ flatȱ terrainȱ untilȱ itȱ reachedȱ theȱ vicinityȱ ofȱ theȱ existingȱ intakeȱ structure.ȱȱȱȱAtȱthisȱ point,ȱtheȱ penstockȱ routeȱ wouldȱ divergeȱ asȱ shownȱ onȱ FigureȱAȬ3ȱ dependingȱ onȱ theȱ powerhouseȱ site.ȱȱAboveȱ theȱ existingȱ intakeȱ /diversionȱ siteȱ 5,ȱ thereȱ isȱ sufficientȱ materialȱ onȬsiteȱtoȱbuildȱtrailsȱandȱ bedȱ theȱ penstock.ȱȱBelowȱtheȱexistingȱ intakeȱ /diversionȱ siteȱ5,ȱexposedȱ rockȱbecomesȱincreasinglyȱcommon.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ6ȱ G.1.3ȱȱPowerhouseȱLocationsȱ Fourȱpotentialȱpowerhouseȱsitesȱwereȱconsideredȱinȱthisȱstudy.ȱȱTheyȱareȱlistedȱinȱTableȱGȬ3ȱandȱ shownȱ inȱ Figureȱ AȬ2.ȱȱAdvantagesȱ andȱ disadvantagesȱ ofȱ theȱ powerhouseȱ sitesȱ areȱ summarizedȱ inȱTableȱGȬ3.ȱȱAnalysisȱofȱpotentialȱprojectȱconfigurationsȱconsideredȱallȱofȱtheseȱsites.ȱȱȱ TableȱGȬ3:ȱȱPowerhouseȱSiteȱConsiderationsȱȱ Powerhouseȱ Siteȱ Elevationȱ Advantagesȱ Disadvantagesȱ Siteȱ‘A’ȱ ExistingȱSiteȱ 33’ȱ ȬȱHighestȱheadȱofȱsites.ȱ ȬȱreturnsȱallȱwaterȱtoȱBurroȱCreek.ȱ ȬȱGoodȱaccess.ȱ ȬȱInȱcenterȱofȱexistingȱdevelopment.ȱȱ Couldȱbeȱincompatibleȱwithȱfutureȱ developmentȱ(noise,ȱaesthetics)ȱ ȬȱReducedȱflowȱinȱpartȱofȱfishȱhabitat.ȱȱ Siteȱ‘B’ȱ BelowȱFallsȱ 50’ȱ ȬȱReturnsȱallȱwaterȱtoȱBurroȱCreekȱ nearȱtopȱofȱfishȱhabitat.ȱ ȬȱGoodȱaccess.ȱ ȬȱOnȱedgeȱofȱexistingȱdevelopment.ȱȱ Couldȱbeȱincompatibleȱwithȱfutureȱ developments.ȱ ȬȱReducedȱflowȱinȱpartȱofȱfishȱhabitatȱ Siteȱ‘C’ȱ AboveȱFallsȱ 80’ȱ ȬȱReturnsȱallȱwaterȱtoȱBurroȱCreekȱ aboveȱfishȱhabitat.ȱ ȬȱAvoidsȱaestheticȱimpactsȱtoȱ waterfall.ȱ ȬȱLowestȱheadȱofȱallȱsites.ȱ ȬȱMayȱimpactȱwaterfallȱviewshedȱ fromȱsomeȱvantages.ȱ ȬȱAccessȱnotȱasȱgoodȱasȱotherȱsites.ȱ Siteȱ‘D’ȱ Northȱofȱ Dockȱ 50’ȱ ȬȱAwayȱfromȱexistingȱdevelopmentȱ (avoidsȱnoiseȱorȱaestheticȱimpacts).ȱ ȬȱGoodȱaccess.ȱ ȬȱTailraceȱdischargesȱtoȱLynnȱCanal,ȱ reducesȱflowsȱinȱBurroȱCreekȱfishȱ habitat.ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ Forȱ projectsȱ withȱ diversionsȱ atȱ 235ȱ feetȱ orȱ 340ȱ feet,ȱ theȱ elevationȱ ofȱ theȱ powerhouseȱ siteȱ significantlyȱinfluencesȱtheȱenergyȱoutputȱofȱtheȱproject.ȱȱForȱprojectsȱwithȱdiversionsȱatȱ800ȱfeetȱ orȱ above,ȱ theȱ elevationȱ ofȱ theȱ powerhouseȱ siteȱ becomesȱ ofȱ lesserȱ importance.ȱȱȱȱBecauseȱ ofȱ this,ȱ evaluationȱ ofȱ theȱ lowerȱ headȱ projectsȱ includesȱ individualȱ powerhouseȱ sites,ȱ butȱ evaluationȱ ofȱ theȱ higherȱ headȱ projectsȱ assumesȱ theȱ existingȱ powerhouseȱ siteȱ inȱ allȱ cases.ȱȱTheȱ higherȱ headȱ projectsȱ couldȱ useȱ anyȱ ofȱ theȱ fourȱ powerhouseȱ sitesȱ withȱ aȱ lessȱ thanȱ 5%ȱ variationȱ inȱ costȱ orȱ projectȱenergyȱoutput.ȱȱȱȱ G.1.4ȱȱDesignȱFlowsȱ Designȱ flowsȱ ofȱ 50,ȱ 70,ȱ andȱ 110ȱ cfsȱ wereȱ consideredȱ inȱ thisȱ study.ȱȱTableȱ GȬ4ȱ summarizesȱ theȱ expectedȱplantȱcapacityȱfactorȱforȱeachȱdesignȱflow.ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ7ȱ TableȱGȬ4:ȱȱExpectedȱPlantȱCapacityȱFactorȱforȱDifferentȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱ Designȱ Flowȱ (cfs)ȱ Nominalȱ Penstockȱ Diameterȱ DiversionȱSiteȱ5 (235ȱft.,ȱExistingȱ Diversion)ȱ DiversionȱSiteȱ4 (340ȱft.,ȱPropertyȱ Line)ȱ Diversionȱ Siteȱ3ȱ (800ȱft.)ȱȱ Diversionȱ Siteȱ2ȱ (1,000ȱft.)ȱȱ Diversionȱ Siteȱ1ȱ (1,160ȱft.)ȱȱ 50ȱ 30Ȭinchȱ 54.0%ȱ 52.9%ȱ 50.5%ȱ 49.2%ȱ 48.2%ȱ 70ȱ 36Ȭinchȱ 47.8%ȱ 46.9%ȱ 44.2%ȱ 42.8%ȱ 41.6%ȱ 110ȱ 42Ȭinchȱ 39.5%ȱ 38.1%ȱ 34.9%ȱ 33.4%ȱ 32.4%ȱ Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ Notes:ȱ Plantȱ capacityȱfactorȱincludesȱanȱassumedȱ 90%ȱplantȱ reliabilityȱappliedȱtoȱnetȱenergyȱ generation.ȱȱAllȱcapacityȱfactorsȱ areȱforȱprojectsȱwithȱpowerhousesȱsitedȱatȱtheȱexistingȱpowerhouseȱsite.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ8ȱ G.2ȱȱ ELECTRICALȱOUTPUTȱOFȱPROJECTȱCONFIGURATIONSȱ Theȱ fiveȱ diversionȱ locations,ȱ fourȱ powerhouseȱ sites,ȱ andȱ threeȱ designȱ flowsȱ createȱ aȱ totalȱ ofȱ 60ȱ potentialȱ projectȱ configurations.ȱȱThisȱ numberȱ wasȱ reducedȱ toȱ 33ȱ configurationsȱ byȱ eliminatingȱ considerationȱofȱtheȱmultipleȱpowerhouseȱsitesȱforȱtheȱthreeȱhighestȬheadȱdiversionȱoptions.ȱȱȱ Forȱ projectsȱ withȱ diversionsȱ atȱ 235ȱ feetȱ (existingȱ diversion)ȱ orȱ 340ȱ feetȱ (propertyȱ line),ȱ theȱ elevationȱ andȱ locationȱ ofȱ theȱ powerhouseȱ siteȱ significantlyȱ influencesȱ theȱ estimatedȱ costȱ andȱ estimatedȱ energyȱ outputȱ ofȱ theȱ project.ȱȱForȱ projectsȱ withȱ diversionsȱ atȱ 800ȱ feetȱ andȱ above,ȱ differencesȱinȱtheȱpowerhouseȱelevationȱandȱlocationȱisȱofȱlesserȱimportance,ȱandȱisȱestimatedȱtoȱ varyȱ costȱ andȱ energyȱ outputȱ byȱ lessȱ thanȱ 5%.ȱȱȱAtȱ thisȱ stageȱ ofȱ analysis,ȱ thisȱ differenceȱ isȱ notȱ meaningful.ȱȱIfȱ oneȱ ofȱ theȱ higherȱ headȱ projectsȱ isȱ selectedȱ forȱ development,ȱ powerhouseȱ sitingȱ shouldȱ receiveȱ scrutinyȱ withȱ regardȱ toȱ energyȱ output,ȱ cost,ȱ environmentalȱ factors,ȱ andȱ aesthetics.ȱȱȱȱȱ Averageȱ energyȱ outputȱ wasȱ calculatedȱ forȱ eachȱ ofȱ theȱ 33ȱ configurations.ȱȱȱAverageȱ dailyȱ flowȱ statisticsȱ fromȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ hydrologyȱ modelȱ (Appendixȱ C)ȱ wereȱ inputȱ toȱ anȱ engineeringȱ modelȱ forȱ eachȱ ofȱ theȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ toȱ estimateȱ averageȱ dailyȱ energyȱ generation.ȱȱTheȱ engineeringȱmodelȱcomputedȱnetȱenergyȱgenerationȱconsideringȱtheȱfollowingȱfactors:ȱ ¾ȱ Grossȱprojectȱheadȱ ¾ȱ Penstockȱfrictionȱlossesȱandȱnetȱheadȱ ¾ȱ Dailyȱprojectȱflowȱ ¾ȱ Turbineȱtypeȱandȱturbineȱefficiencyȱcurveȱ9ȱ ¾ȱ Stationȱserviceȱpowerȱloadsȱ ¾ȱ TransformerȱandȱcableȱlossesȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱdeliveryȱinȱSkagway.ȱ TableȱGȬ5ȱpresentsȱtheȱresultsȱofȱthisȱanalysisȱonȱaȱmonthlyȱandȱannualȱbasis.ȱȱȱ ȱ Theȱ estimatedȱ performanceȱ dataȱ presentedȱ inȱ Tableȱ GȬ5ȱ wasȱ reviewedȱ inȱ conjunctionȱ withȱ estimatedȱ capitalȱandȱannualizedȱ projectȱ costsȱ toȱidentifyȱ theȱ projectȱconfigurationsȱ expectedȱtoȱ produceȱ theȱ lowestȱ costȱ power.ȱȱTheȱ resultsȱ ofȱ thisȱ analysisȱ areȱ presentedȱ inȱ Appendixȱ H.ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 9ȱȱ Aȱ singleȱ twoȬjetȱ Peltonȱ turbineȱ isȱ assumedȱ forȱ allȱ projectȱ configurations.ȱȱTurbineȱ efficiencyȱ curvesȱ varyȱwithȱtheȱprojectȱinstalledȱcapacityȱinȱaccordanceȱwithȱtypicalȱturbineȱmanufacturer’sȱdata.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱȱȱNovemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱȱGȬ9ȱTableȱGȬ5:ȱȱAverageȱMonthlyȱandȱAnnualȱEnergyȱGenerationȱofȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱȱȱȱProjectȱConfigurationȱInstalledȱCapacityȱ(kW)ȱJanuaryȱ(kWh)ȱFebruaryȱ(kWh)ȱMarchȱ(kWh)ȱAprilȱ(kWh)ȱMayȱ(kWh)ȱJuneȱ(kWh)ȱJulyȱ(kWh)ȱAugustȱ(kWh)ȱSeptemberȱ(kWh)ȱOctoberȱ(kWh)ȱNovemberȱ(kWh)ȱDecemberȱ(kWh)ȱANNUALȱ(kWh)ȱSEASONALȱ(4/1ȱ–ȱ9/30)ȱ(kWh)ȱSeasonalȱ/ȱAnnualȱ50ȱcfsȱDesignȱFlowȱ(30”ȱpenstock)ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱkWhȱnetȱgenerationȱperȱmonthȱ1DȬ50ȱ3,400ȱ245,000ȱ225,000ȱ196,000ȱ500,000ȱ1,964,000ȱ2,206,000ȱ2,273,000ȱ2,145,000ȱ1,813,000ȱ1,840,000ȱ737,000ȱ456,000ȱ14,600,000ȱ10,901,000ȱ75%ȱ2DȬ50ȱ3,000ȱ225,000ȱ207,000ȱ183,000ȱ461,000ȱ1,721,000ȱ1,904,000ȱ1,964,000ȱ1,877,000ȱ1,609,000ȱ1,626,000ȱ675,000ȱ421,000ȱ12,873,000ȱ9,536,000ȱ74%ȱ3DȬ50ȱ2,400ȱ194,000ȱ179,000ȱ160,000ȱ392,000ȱ1,402,000ȱ1,522,000ȱ1,571,000ȱ1,520,000ȱ1,321,000ȱ1,329,000ȱ577,000ȱ359,000ȱ10,526,000ȱ7,728,000ȱ73%ȱ4AȬ50ȱ820ȱ80,000ȱ74,000ȱ65,000ȱ155,000ȱ498,000ȱ521,000ȱ539,000ȱ531,000ȱ474,000ȱ478,000ȱ231,000ȱ144,000ȱ3,790,000ȱ2,718,000ȱ72%ȱ4BȬ50ȱ900ȱ87,000ȱ81,000ȱ72,000ȱ170,000ȱ543,000ȱ568,000ȱ587,000ȱ578,000ȱ517,000ȱ521,000ȱ252,000ȱ157,000ȱ4,133,000ȱ2,963,000ȱ72%ȱ4CȬ50ȱ900ȱ87,000ȱ81,000ȱ72,000ȱ170,000ȱ548,000ȱ574,000ȱ593,000ȱ585,000ȱ521,000ȱ526,000ȱ253,000ȱ158,000ȱ4,168,000ȱ2,991,000ȱ72%ȱ4DȬ50ȱ970ȱ93,000ȱ86,000ȱ76,000ȱ181,000ȱ587,000ȱ616,000ȱ637,000ȱ628,000ȱ559,000ȱ563,000ȱ269,000ȱ167,000ȱ4,462,000ȱ3,208,000ȱ72%ȱ5AȬ50ȱ430ȱ46,000ȱ43,000ȱ36,000ȱ89,000ȱ264,000ȱ273,000ȱ282,000ȱ280,000ȱ252,000ȱ255,000ȱ135,000ȱ86,000ȱ2,041,000ȱ1,440,000ȱ71%ȱ5BȬ50ȱ490ȱ54,000ȱ50,000ȱ41,000ȱ103,000ȱ303,000ȱ313,000ȱ324,000ȱ322,000ȱ289,000ȱ293,000ȱ156,000ȱ99,000ȱ2,347,000ȱ1,654,000ȱ70%ȱ5CȬ50ȱ500ȱ54,000ȱ50,000ȱ41,000ȱ104,000ȱ309,000ȱ321,000ȱ331,000ȱ329,000ȱ295,000ȱ298,000ȱ156,000ȱ99,000ȱ2,387,000ȱ1,689,000ȱ71%ȱ5DȬ50ȱ560ȱ59,000ȱ55,000ȱ45,000ȱ114,000ȱ345,000ȱ359,000ȱ371,000ȱ368,000ȱ329,000ȱ332,000ȱ172,000ȱ109,000ȱ2,658,000ȱ1,886,000ȱ71%ȱ70ȱcfsȱDesignȱFlowȱ(36”ȱpenstock)ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱkWhȱnetȱgenerationȱperȱmonthȱ1DȬ70ȱ4,400ȱ214,000ȱ196,000ȱ168,000ȱ498,000ȱ2,455,000ȱ3,130,000ȱ3,146,000ȱ2,627,000ȱ2,125,000ȱ2,178,000ȱ764,000ȱ442,000ȱ17,943,000ȱ13,981,000ȱ78%ȱ2DȬ70ȱ3,800ȱ200,000ȱ186,000ȱ155,000ȱ459,000ȱ2,183,000ȱ2,702,000ȱ2,738,000ȱ2,350,000ȱ1,908,000ȱ1,950,000ȱ696,000ȱ408,000ȱ15,935,000ȱ12,340,000ȱ77%ȱ3DȬ70ȱ3,000ȱ179,000ȱ167,000ȱ139,000ȱ392,000ȱ1,791,000ȱ2,160,000ȱ2,202,000ȱ1,946,000ȱ1,583,000ȱ1,624,000ȱ591,000ȱ353,000ȱ13,127,000ȱ10,074,000ȱ77%ȱ4AȬ70ȱ1,030ȱ77,000ȱ71,000ȱ60,000ȱ158,000ȱ649,000ȱ742,000ȱ763,000ȱ710,000ȱ591,000ȱ603,000ȱ235,000ȱ143,000ȱ4,802,000ȱ3,613,000ȱ75%ȱ4BȬ70ȱ1,100ȱ84,000ȱ77,000ȱ65,000ȱ173,000ȱ708,000ȱ808,000ȱ832,000ȱ775,000ȱ645,000ȱ659,000ȱ257,000ȱ157,000ȱ5,240,000ȱ3,941,000ȱ75%ȱ4CȬ70ȱ1,150ȱ84,000ȱ77,000ȱ65,000ȱ173,000ȱ713,000ȱ816,000ȱ839,000ȱ781,000ȱ649,000ȱ663,000ȱ257,000ȱ157,000ȱ5,274,000ȱ3,971,000ȱ75%ȱ4DȬ70ȱ1,220ȱ89,000ȱ82,000ȱ69,000ȱ184,000ȱ762,000ȱ874,000ȱ900,000ȱ835,000ȱ693,000ȱ707,000ȱ273,000ȱ167,000ȱ5,635,000ȱ4,248,000ȱ75%ȱ5AȬ70ȱ630ȱ40,000ȱ36,000ȱ30,000ȱ91,000ȱ347,000ȱ389,000ȱ401,000ȱ378,000ȱ317,000ȱ324,000ȱ140,000ȱ85,000ȱ2,578,000ȱ1,923,000ȱ75%ȱ5BȬ70ȱ720ȱ46,000ȱ42,000ȱ34,000ȱ105,000ȱ399,000ȱ446,000ȱ460,000ȱ434,000ȱ365,000ȱ373,000ȱ162,000ȱ98,000ȱ2,964,000ȱ2,209,000ȱ75%ȱ5CȬ70ȱ735ȱ46,000ȱ42,000ȱ34,000ȱ105,000ȱ405,000ȱ455,000ȱ469,000ȱ442,000ȱ370,000ȱ377,000ȱ163,000ȱ98,000ȱ3,006,000ȱ2,246,000ȱ75%ȱ5DȬ70ȱ800ȱ50,000ȱ46,000ȱ38,000ȱ116,000ȱ449,000ȱ507,000ȱ523,000ȱ491,000ȱ410,000ȱ418,000ȱ179,000ȱ107,000ȱ3,334,000ȱ2,496,000ȱ75%ȱ110ȱcfsȱDesignȱFlowȱ(42”ȱpenstock)ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱkWhȱnetȱgenerationȱperȱmonthȱ1DȬ110ȱ7,300ȱ193,000ȱ183,000ȱ80,000ȱ460,000ȱ2,733,000ȱ4,371,000ȱ4,175,000ȱ2,798,000ȱ2,135,000ȱ2,281,000ȱ773,000ȱ399,000ȱ20,581,000ȱ16,672,000ȱ81%ȱ2DȬ110ȱ6,500ȱ182,000ȱ168,000ȱ88,000ȱ431,000ȱ2,516,000ȱ3,904,000ȱ3,739,000ȱ2,584,000ȱ1,998,000ȱ2,102,000ȱ711,000ȱ375,000ȱ18,798,000ȱ15,172,000ȱ81%ȱ3DȬ110ȱ5,250ȱ156,000ȱ143,000ȱ108,000ȱ376,000ȱ2,143,000ȱ3,217,000ȱ3,097,000ȱ2,202,000ȱ1,712,000ȱ1,816,000ȱ612,000ȱ333,000ȱ15,915,000ȱ12,747,000ȱ80%ȱ4AȬ110ȱ1,840ȱ64,000ȱ59,000ȱ52,000ȱ154,000ȱ834,000ȱ1,151,000ȱ1,130,000ȱ870,000ȱ693,000ȱ719,000ȱ245,000ȱ137,000ȱ6,108,000ȱ4,832,000ȱ79%ȱ4BȬ110ȱ2,000ȱ70,000ȱ65,000ȱ57,000ȱ168,000ȱ911,000ȱ1,255,000ȱ1,233,000ȱ950,000ȱ758,000ȱ786,000ȱ268,000ȱ150,000ȱ6,671,000ȱ5,275,000ȱ79%ȱ4CȬ110ȱ2,025ȱ70,000ȱ65,000ȱ57,000ȱ168,000ȱ915,000ȱ1,265,000ȱ1,242,000ȱ955,000ȱ760,000ȱ789,000ȱ268,000ȱ150,000ȱ6,704,000ȱ5,305,000ȱ79%ȱ4DȬ110ȱ2,170ȱ74,000ȱ69,000ȱ61,000ȱ178,000ȱ975,000ȱ1,354,000ȱ1,329,000ȱ1,017,000ȱ809,000ȱ840,000ȱ285,000ȱ160,000ȱ7,151,000ȱ5,662,000ȱ79%ȱ5AȬ110ȱ970ȱ31,000ȱ29,000ȱ25,000ȱ86,000ȱ455,000ȱ609,000ȱ600,000ȱ472,000ȱ384,000ȱ400,000ȱ145,000ȱ74,000ȱ3,310,000ȱ2,606,000ȱ79%ȱ5BȬ110ȱ1,100ȱ36,000ȱ33,000ȱ29,000ȱ99,000ȱ525,000ȱ700,000ȱ690,000ȱ544,000ȱ443,000ȱ462,000ȱ167,000ȱ86,000ȱ3,814,000ȱ3,001,000ȱ79%ȱ5CȬ110ȱ1,130ȱ36,000ȱ33,000ȱ29,000ȱ100,000ȱ530,000ȱ712,000ȱ701,000ȱ549,000ȱ446,000ȱ465,000ȱ168,000ȱ86,000ȱ3,855,000ȱ3,038,000ȱ79%ȱ5DȬ110ȱ1,250ȱ39,000ȱ37,000ȱ32,000ȱ109,000ȱ585,000ȱ793,000ȱ780,000ȱ606,000ȱ492,000ȱ513,000ȱ184,000ȱ94,000ȱ4,264,000ȱ3,365,000ȱ79%ȱProjectȱConfigurations:ȱȱ1ȱ=ȱ1,160’ȱDiversion,ȱ2ȱ=ȱ1,000’ȱDiversion,ȱ3ȱ=ȱ800’ȱDiversion,ȱ4ȱ=ȱ340’ȱDiversionȱ(DiversionȱatȱUSSȱ1560ȱpropertyȱline),ȱ5ȱ=ȱ235’ȱDiversionȱ(existingȱhydroȱdiversion).ȱAȱ=ȱpowerhouseȱaboveȱwaterfallȱatȱ80’,ȱBȱ=ȱpowerhouseȱbelowȱwaterfallȱatȱ50’,ȱCȱ=ȱpowerhouseȱnorthȱofȱdockȱatȱ50’,ȱDȱ=ȱpowerhouseȱatȱexistingȱpowerhouseȱsiteȱatȱ33’.ȱForȱprojectsȱwithȱdiversionsȱatȱ800’ȱandȱaboveȱ(sitesȱ1,ȱ2,ȱandȱ3),ȱtheȱpowerhouseȱlocationȱhasȱaȱminorȱeffectȱonȱenergyȱlocation,ȱsoȱonlyȱtheȱexistingȱpowerhouseȱsiteȱ(‘D’)ȱisȱlisted.ȱȱȱTableȱGȬ5:ȱȱAverageȱMonthlyȱandȱAnnualȱEnergyȱGenerationȱofȱDifferentȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ10ȱ G.3ȱ TRANSMISSIONȱALTERNATIVESȱ ȱ FourȱoptionsȱwereȱconsideredȱtoȱmoveȱtheȱelectricityȱgeneratedȱatȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱmarket.ȱȱȱ 1.ȱ ACȱsubmarineȱcableȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱSkagway.ȱ 2.ȱ ACȱsubmarineȱcableȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱKasidayaȱCreek.ȱ 3.ȱ DCȱsubmarineȱcableȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱSkaway.ȱ 4.ȱ ACȱoverlandȱtransmissionȱlineȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱDyeaȱandȱonȱtoȱSkagway.ȱ Figureȱ AȬ5ȱ showsȱ theseȱ fourȱ routingȱ options.ȱȱOfȱ theseȱ options,ȱ anȱ ACȱ submarineȱ cableȱ fromȱ BurroȱCreekȱtoȱSkagwayȱisȱestimatedȱtoȱbeȱtheȱleastȱcostly,ȱandȱisȱtheȱtransmissionȱmethodȱusedȱ inȱ thisȱ studyȱ toȱ getȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ powerȱ toȱ market.ȱȱTheseȱ fourȱ transmissionȱ optionsȱ areȱ discussedȱbelow,ȱandȱestimatedȱcostsȱforȱeachȱoptionȱareȱsummarizedȱinȱTableȱGȬ6.ȱ TableȱGȬ6:ȱȱEstimatedȱCostsȱforȱPowerȱLineȱ–ȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱSkagwayȱȱ Itemȱ ACȱCableȱ toȱ Skagwayȱ ACȱCableȱtoȱ Kasidayaȱ Creekȱ HVDCȱ Cableȱtoȱ Skagwayȱ Overlandȱ ACȱtoȱ Skagwayȱ PreȬconstructionȱ(Permitting,ȱDesign)ȱ $135,000ȱ $135,000ȱ $135,000ȱ $175,000ȱ Interconnections,ȱBurroȱandȱSkagwayȱ $30,000ȱ $30,000ȱ $1,900,000ȱ $20,000ȱ ACȱSubmarineȱCableȱ $1,200,000ȱ $1,500,000ȱȬȱ Ȭȱ DCȱSubmarineȱCableȱȬȱȬȱ$800,000ȱȬȱ ACȱOverheadȱPowerȱLineȱ ȬȱȬȱȬȱ$615,000ȱ ACȱOverheadȱPowerȱLineȱ(Upgradeȱtoȱ3ȱph)ȱȬȱȬȱȬȱ$245,000ȱ ACȱBuriedȱPowerȱLineȱ ȬȱȬȱȬȱ$345,000ȱ ACȱBuriedȱPowerȱLineȱ(Upgradeȱtoȱ3ȱph)ȱȬȱȬȱȬȱ$540,000ȱ ConstructionȱManagementȱ&ȱAdministrationȱ $110,000ȱ $130,000ȱ $220,000ȱ $150,000ȱ ConstructionȱEngineeringȱ&ȱInspectionȱ $110,000ȱ $130,000ȱ $220,000ȱ $150,000ȱ Contingencyȱ(25%)ȱ $340,000ȱ $415,000ȱ $680,000ȱ $470,000ȱ TotalȱEstimatedȱCostȱ $1,925,000 $2,340,000 $3,955,000ȱ $2,710,000 Source:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱ Note:ȱAllȱcostȱestimatesȱareȱforȱaȱ3ȱMWȱprojectȱandȱtransmissionȱlineȱcapacity.ȱ G.3.1ȱ ACȱSubmarineȱCableȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱSkagwayȱ Anȱ ACȱ cableȱ fromȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ Skagwayȱ wouldȱ beȱ approximatelyȱ 2.2ȱ milesȱ longȱ andȱ couldȱ beȱ routedȱ toȱ stayȱ inȱ watersȱ lessȱ thanȱ 600ȱ feetȱ deep.ȱȱBottomȱ profilesȱ alongȱ theȱ cableȱ routeȱ wereȱ obtainedȱ fromȱ NOAAȱ navigationȱ chartsȱ andȱ bathymetricȱ surveysȱ performedȱ forȱ installationȱ ofȱ APC’sȱ Upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ transmissionȱ system.ȱȱForȱ reliability,ȱ fourȱ individualȱ powerȱ cablesȱ wouldȱbeȱinstalled,ȱthreeȱcablesȱforȱthreeȱphaseȱserviceȱandȱoneȱspareȱcable.ȱ ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ11ȱ G.3.2ȱ ACȱSubmarineȱCableȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱKasidayaȱCreekȱ AP&T’sȱ upperȱ Lynnȱ Canalȱ transmissionȱ systemȱ makesȱ aȱ shoreȱ landingȱ atȱ theȱ Kasidayaȱ Creekȱ hydroelectricȱ project.ȱȱAnȱ ACȱ submarineȱ cableȱ fromȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ toȱ Kasidayaȱ Creekȱ isȱ feasible,ȱ howeverȱ itȱ wouldȱ beȱ approximatelyȱ ¾ȱ ofȱ aȱ mileȱ longerȱ andȱ crossȱ deeperȱ watersȱ thanȱ aȱ similarȱ cableȱ toȱ Skagway.ȱȱForȱ theseȱ reasons,ȱ theȱ costȱ ofȱ thisȱ cableȱ connectionȱ isȱ expectedȱ toȱ beȱ slightlyȱ higherȱ thanȱ aȱ submarineȱ cableȱ toȱ Skagway.ȱȱThisȱ routeȱ mayȱ warrantȱ futureȱ considerationȱ ifȱ aȱ cableȱtoȱSkagwayȱisȱdeterminedȱtoȱnotȱbeȱfeasible.ȱ G.3.3ȱ HVDCȱSubmarineȱCableȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱSkagwayȱ Inȱ theȱ past,ȱ Highȱ Voltageȱ Directȱ Currentȱ (HVDC)ȱ transmissionȱ hasȱ notȱ beenȱ anȱ optionȱ forȱ powerȱ transmissionȱ needsȱ underȱ approximatelyȱ 50ȱ MW.ȱȱStartingȱ inȱ 2007,ȱ theȱ Denaliȱ Commissionȱbeganȱfundingȱdevelopmentȱofȱ smallȬscaleȱHVDCȱtransmissionȱ systemȱtechnologyȱ inȱ orderȱ toȱ lowerȱ theȱ costsȱ ofȱ smallȱ transmissionȱ linesȱ inȱ Alaska.ȱȱTheȱ firstȱfullȬfunctionalityȱ500ȱ kWȱ HVDCȱ convertersȱ willȱ beȱ builtȱ andȱ testedȱ byȱ theȱ endȱ ofȱ 2011,ȱ andȱ theseȱ convertersȱ areȱ expectedȱ toȱ beȱ commerciallyȱ availableȱ byȱ theȱ timeȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ isȱ underȱ finalȱ design.ȱȱHVDCȱ intertiesȱ haveȱ higherȱ terminalȱ costsȱ thanȱ ACȱ interties,ȱ butȱ lowerȱ perȬmileȱ costs.ȱȱThus,ȱ HVDCȱ intertiesȱ areȱ generallyȱ notȱ costȱ effectiveȱ forȱ intertiesȱ asȱ shortȱ asȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ –ȱ Skagwayȱ intertieȱneededȱforȱthisȱproject.ȱȱTheȱHVDCȱtechnologyȱwasȱreviewedȱinȱthisȱapplicationȱtoȱseeȱifȱ itȱpresentsȱaȱmoreȱeconomicȱalternativeȱtoȱACȱcables.ȱ Theȱ HVDCȱ convertersȱ wouldȱ feedȱ directlyȱ fromȱ theȱ 480ȱ voltȱ busȱ ofȱ theȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ powerȱ plant.ȱȱUnderȱ theȱ largerȱ projectȱ configurations,ȱ aȱ stepȱ downȱ transformerȱ fromȱ 4,160ȱ voltȱ generationȱ toȱ 480ȱ voltȱ forȱ DCȱ conversionȱ wouldȱ beȱ required.ȱȱFromȱ theȱ converters,ȱ twoȱ HVDCȱ submarineȱ cablesȱ wouldȱ crossȱ 2.2ȱ milesȱ toȱ Skagwayȱ toȱ anȱ identicalȱ setȱ ofȱ HVDCȱ converters.10ȱAȱ stepȬupȱ transformerȱ wouldȱ convertȱ theȱ 480ȱ voltȱ threeȱ phaseȱ fromȱ theȱ HVDCȱ convertersȱ upȱ toȱ theȱ localȱ distributionȱ voltageȱ onȱ theȱ APCȱ grid.ȱȱOneȱ submarineȱ cableȱ wouldȱ operateȱ atȱ +50ȱ kVȱ DC,ȱ andȱ theȱ secondȱ cableȱ wouldȱ beȱ aȱ neutralȱ metallicȱ return.ȱȱSeaȱ electrodesȱ wouldȱ alsoȱ beȱ providedȱatȱeachȱendȱofȱtheȱHVDCȱlineȱforȱemergencyȱoperationȱinȱseaȬreturnȱmodeȱinȱtheȱeventȱ ofȱaȱcableȱfailure.ȱȱȱȱȱȱ G.3.4ȱ ACȱOverlandȱtransmissionȱlineȱfromȱBurroȱCreekȱtoȱDyeaȱandȱonȱtoȱSkagwayȱ Thisȱtransmissionȱroutingȱwouldȱconsistȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmajorȱparts:ȱ ¾Approximatelyȱ 3.5ȱ milesȱ ofȱ newȱ overheadȱ 24.9ȱ kVȱ threeȱ phaseȱ ACȱ powerȱ lineȱ fromȱ BurroȱCreekȱnorthȱalongȱLynnȱCanalȱtowardsȱDyea.ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 10ȱȱ Inȱ ruralȱ settings,ȱ HVDCȱ canȱ useȱ aȱ singleȱ cableȱ withȱ seaȱ returnȱ toȱ completeȱ theȱ transmissionȱ circuit.ȱȱ Atȱ thisȱ stageȱ ofȱ analysisȱ forȱ thisȱ application,ȱ aȱ metallicȱ returnȱ cableȱ isȱ assumedȱ toȱ avoidȱ inducedȱ currentsȱ andȱ acceleratedȱ corrosionȱ ofȱ theȱ extensiveȱ marineȱ infrastructureȱ inȱ Skagway.ȱȱFurtherȱ investigationȱ mayȱ demonstrateȱ thatȱ aȱ seaȱ returnȱ forȱ anȱ HVDCȱ transmissionȱ linkȱ isȱ anȱ appropriateȱ systemȱ configurationȱ forȱ thisȱ project.ȱȱHowever,ȱ forȱ thisȱ project,ȱ theȱ estimatedȱ costȱ ofȱ anȱ HVDCȱ transmissionȱ linkȱ isȱ notȱ competitiveȱ againstȱ ACȱ evenȱ usingȱ aȱ singleȱ cableȱ /ȱ seaȱ returnȱ configurationȱ becauseȱtheȱtransmissionȱlineȱisȱsoȱshort.ȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ GȬ12ȱ ¾Approximatelyȱ 2.3ȱ milesȱ ofȱ buriedȱ 24.9ȱ kVȱ threeȱ phaseȱ ACȱ powerȱ lineȱ withinȱ Klondikeȱ GoldȱRushȱNationalȱHistoricȱParkȱtoȱreachȱtheȱendȱofȱAPC’sȱexistingȱsingleȱphaseȱburiedȱ distributionȱinȱDyea.ȱȱȱ ¾Approximatelyȱ 2.7ȱ milesȱ ofȱ upgradeȱ ofȱ singleȱ phaseȱ buriedȱ powerȱ lineȱ toȱ threeȱ phaseȱ 24.9ȱkVȱburiedȱpowerȱlineȱfromȱDyeaȱtowardsȱSkagway.ȱ ¾Approximatelyȱ 2.7ȱ milesȱ ofȱ upgradeȱ ofȱ singleȱ phaseȱ overheadȱ powerȱ lineȱ toȱ threeȱ phaseȱ overheadȱ 24.9ȱ kVȱ powerȱ lineȱ toȱ theȱ endȱ ofȱ existingȱ threeȱ phaseȱ distributionȱ nearȱ Skagway.ȱ ȱ Inȱtotal,ȱapproximatelyȱ11.2ȱmilesȱofȱnewȱorȱupgradedȱoverlandȱpowerȱlineȱisȱnecessaryȱtoȱreachȱ theȱ Skagwayȱ market.ȱȱTheȱ lengthȱ andȱ costȱ ofȱ lineȱ extensionsȱ /ȱ upgradesȱ isȱ notȱ competitiveȱ withȱ moreȱ directȱ submarineȱ cableȱ options.ȱȱAdditionally,ȱ theȱ overlandȱ powerȱ lineȱ routeȱ wouldȱ traverseȱ veryȱ steepȱ terrainȱ betweenȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ andȱ Dyeaȱ thatȱ isȱ proneȱ toȱ avalanchesȱ andȱ logisticallyȱ challenging.ȱȱAestheticsȱ ofȱ thisȱ powerȱ lineȱ areȱ alsoȱ aȱ concern,ȱ asȱ theȱ powerȱ lineȱ wouldȱ beȱ highlyȱ visibleȱ fromȱ theȱ Skagwayȱ waterfrontȱ asȱ wellȱ asȱ fromȱ cruiseȱ shipsȱ arrivingȱ inȱ Skagway.ȱȱȱ Anotherȱ factorȱ isȱ thatȱ thisȱ lineȱ routingȱ wouldȱ requireȱ useȱ ofȱ Federalȱ lands,ȱ requiringȱ FERCȱ involvement,ȱregardlessȱofȱwhetherȱtheȱhydroȱprojectȱusedȱlandsȱupstreamȱfromȱUSSȱ1560.ȱ ȱȱȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱHȱ–ȱCAPITALȱCOSTȱESTIMATESȱANDȱFINANCIALȱ SCENARIOSȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ H.1:ȱȱ ProjectȱCostȱEstimatesȱȱ ȱ pagesȱHȬ1ȱtoȱHȬ7ȱȱ H.2:ȱ AssumptionsȱinȱProjectȱCostȱEstimatesȱandȱScenariosȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱpagesȱHȬ6ȱtoȱHȬ8ȱ H.3:ȱ FundingȱOpportunitiesȱȱ ȱ pageȱHȬ9 BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ HȬ1ȱ H.1ȱ PROJECTȱCOSTȱESTIMATESȱȱ TheȱtotalȱinstalledȱcostȱofȱselectȱprojectȱconfigurationsȱisȱpresentedȱinȱTableȱHȬ1.ȱȱ Tableȱ HȬ2ȱ presentsȱ simplifiedȱ businessȱ modelsȱ forȱ selectȱ projectȱ configurations.ȱȱTwoȱ financingȱ structuresȱ andȱ twoȱ marketȱ structuresȱ areȱ considered,ȱ forȱ aȱ totalȱ ofȱ fourȱ Businessȱ Modelȱ Scenarios.ȱȱTheseȱare:ȱ BusinessȱModelȱScenariosȱȱ PresentedȱinȱTableȱHȬ2ȱ EnergyȱMarketȱ FullȱEnergyȱ Salesȱ PartialȱEnergyȱ Salesȱ Financingȱ Structureȱ 20%ȱDebt,ȱBalanceȱEquityȱ MODELȱ1ȱ MODELȱ2ȱ 50%ȱGrants,ȱBalanceȱEquityȱandȱDebtȱ MODELȱ3ȱ MODELȱ4ȱ ȱ Theȱ firstȱ ofȱ theȱ twoȱ financingȱ structuresȱ assumesȱ noȱ grantsȱ areȱ usedȱ toȱ payȱ forȱ theȱ project’sȱ capitalȱcosts,ȱsoȱtheȱprojectȱisȱfinancedȱthroughȱaȱcombinationȱofȱ20%ȱequityȱandȱ80%ȱdebt.ȱȱȱ Theȱ secondȱ ofȱ theȱ threeȱ financingȱ structuresȱ assumesȱ thatȱ grantsȱ areȱ usedȱ forȱ 50%ȱ ofȱ theȱ project’sȱ capitalȱ costs,ȱ upȱ toȱ aȱ maximumȱ ofȱ $8,500,000.ȱ11ȱȱ Theȱ balanceȱ ofȱ theȱ capitalȱ costȱ isȱ assumedȱ toȱ comeȱ fromȱ ownerȱ equityȱ (upȱ toȱ 20%ȱ ofȱ theȱ totalȱ capitalȱ cost),ȱ andȱ anyȱ remainingȱ balanceȱisȱprovidedȱasȱdebt.ȱȱȱ Manyȱ otherȱ financingȱ structuresȱ areȱ possible,ȱ butȱ theseȱ twoȱ casesȱ reasonablyȱ considerȱ theȱ resultantȱannualizedȱprojectȱexpensesȱandȱresultingȱenergyȱsalesȱprice.ȱȱ Twoȱ marketsȱ areȱ considered.ȱȱTheȱ firstȱ isȱ fullȱ energyȱ sales,ȱ soȱ theȱ fullȱ potentialȱ outputȱ ofȱ theȱ projectȱ isȱ soldȱ toȱ aȱ buyer.ȱȱThisȱ mightȱ beȱ theȱ Palmerȱ Mineȱ orȱ Yukonȱ Energyȱ connection,ȱ forȱ example.ȱȱTheȱ secondȱ marketȱ isȱ forȱ partialȱ energyȱ sales.ȱȱThisȱ mightȱ includeȱ salesȱ toȱ IPEC,ȱ salesȱ toȱ commonlyȱ heldȱ businesses,ȱ andȱ lateȱ winterȱ salesȱ toȱ APC,ȱ asȱ wellȱ asȱ salesȱ toȱ cruiseȱ shipsȱ dockedȱinȱSkagway.ȱȱTheȱannualȱenergyȱsalesȱunderȱthisȱoptionȱareȱcalculatedȱasȱtheȱfullȱoutputȱ fromȱ Aprilȱ 1stȱ throughȱ Septemberȱ 30th,ȱ butȱ theȱ timingȱ ofȱ theseȱ salesȱ couldȱ occurȱ throughoutȱ theȱ year.ȱ Forȱ eachȱ scenario,ȱ annualȱ debtȱ service,ȱ operatingȱ expenses,ȱ returnȱ onȱ equity,ȱ andȱ operatingȱ marginsȱ areȱ estimated.ȱȱTheȱ sumȱ ofȱ theseȱ valuesȱ isȱ thenȱ dividedȱ byȱ theȱ estimatedȱ averageȱ annualȱ netȱ energyȱ salesȱ toȱ arriveȱ atȱ theȱ estimatedȱ energyȱ salesȱ priceȱ neededȱ forȱ thatȱ projectȱ configurationȱandȱbusinessȱmodelȱscenario.ȱ Thereȱ areȱ numerousȱ assumptionsȱ implicitȱ inȱ theȱ numbersȱ presentedȱ inȱ Tablesȱ HȬ1ȱ andȱ HȬ2.ȱȱ TheseȱareȱdiscussedȱinȱSectionȱH.2.ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 11ȱȱ $8,500,000ȱinȱgrantsȱcouldȱcomeȱinȱtheȱformȱofȱanȱ$8,000,000ȱgrantȱfromȱtheȱstate’sȱRenewableȱEnergyȱ Grantȱ Program,ȱ andȱ aȱ $500,000ȱ grantȱ fromȱ theȱ USDAȱ Ruralȱ Developmentȱ Grantȱ Program.ȱȱItȱ isȱ notȱ knownȱ ifȱ theseȱ grantȱ programsȱ willȱ stillȱ exist,ȱ operateȱ underȱ theirȱ existingȱ rules,ȱ orȱ beȱ fundedȱ whenȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ isȱ readyȱ toȱ applyȱ forȱ constructionȱ grants.ȱȱOtherȱ grantȱ opportunitiesȱ areȱ discussedȱ inȱ SectionȱH.3.ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ HȬ2ȱ Whileȱ configurationȱ 3DȬ70ȱ hasȱ theȱ lowestȱ estimatedȱ energyȱ salesȱ priceȱ atȱ fullȱ sales,ȱ thereȱ areȱ severalȱ otherȱ projectȱ configurationsȱ withȱ estimatedȱ energyȱ salesȱ pricesȱ withinȱ 0.5ȱ centsȱ ofȱ theȱ priceȱ forȱ thisȱ configuration.ȱȱAtȱ theȱ levelȱ ofȱ analysisȱ conductedȱ inȱ thisȱ study,ȱ theseȱ differencesȱ areȱ notȱ significant.ȱȱAsȱ theȱ marketȱ forȱ powerȱ fromȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ becomesȱ betterȱ definedȱ andȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ receivesȱfurtherȱ scrutinyȱandȱ analysis,ȱtheseȱestimatesȱcanȱbeȱ refinedȱ andȱ reviewedȱ withȱ regardȱ toȱ theȱ demandȱ forȱ powerȱ toȱ determineȱ theȱ optimalȱ projectȱ capacityȱ andȱ configurationȱatȱBurroȱCreek.ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱNovemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱȱHȬ3ȱTableȱHȬ1:ȱȱCostȱEstimatesȱandȱFinancialȱAnalysisȱforȱSelectȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱȱȱȱȱPROJECTȱCONFIGURATIONSȱÆȱ50ȱCFSȱDESIGNȱFLOWȱ70ȱCFSȱDESIGNȱFLOW110ȱCFSȱDESIGNȱFLOWPROJECTȱPARAMETERSȱ1DȬ50ȱ2DȬ50ȱ3DȬ50ȱ4DȬ50ȱ5DȬ50ȱ1DȬ70ȱ2DȬ70ȱ3DȬ70ȱ4DȬ70ȱ5DȬ70ȱ1DȬ110ȱ2DȬ110ȱ3DȬ110ȱ4DȬ110ȱ5DȬ110ȱPlantȱCapacityȱFactorȱ48.2%ȱ49.2%ȱ50.3%ȱ52.6%ȱ53.8%41.6%ȱ42.8%ȱ44.2%ȱ46.9%ȱ47.8%32.4%ȱ33.2%ȱ34.6%ȱ37.7%ȱ38.7%ȱInstalledȱCapacityȱ(kW)ȱ3,400ȱ3,000ȱ2,400ȱ970ȱ560 4,400ȱ3,800ȱ3,400ȱ1,220ȱ800 7,300ȱ6,500ȱ5,250ȱ2,170ȱ1,250ȱAvg.ȱAnn.ȱNetȱEnergyȱOutputȱ(MWh)ȱ14,600ȱ12,873ȱ10,526ȱ4,462ȱ2,65817,943ȱ15,935ȱ13,127ȱ5,635ȱ3,33420,581ȱ18,798ȱ15,915ȱ7,151ȱ4,264ȱAvg.ȱSeasonalȱEnergyȱOutputȱ(MWh)ȱ10,901ȱ9,536ȱ7,728ȱ3,208ȱ1,886 13,981ȱ12,340ȱ10,074ȱ4,248ȱ2,496 16,672ȱ15,172ȱ12,747ȱ5,662ȱ3,365ȱSeasonalȱOutputȱasȱ%ȱofȱAnnualȱ75%ȱ74%ȱ73%ȱ72%ȱ71%78%ȱ77%ȱ77%ȱ75%ȱ75%81%ȱ81%ȱ80%ȱ79%ȱ79%ȱPenstockȱLengthȱ(feet)ȱ12,600ȱ10,300ȱ7,600ȱ2,700ȱ1,300 12,600ȱ10,300ȱ7,600ȱ2,700ȱ1,300 12,600ȱ10,300ȱ7,600ȱ2,700ȱ1,300ȱGrossȱHeadȱ(feet)ȱ1,130ȱ970ȱ770ȱ310ȱ2051,130ȱ970ȱ770ȱ310ȱ2051,130ȱ970ȱ770ȱ310ȱ205ȱDEVELOPMENTȱCOSTSȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱPreȬconstructionȱ(studies,ȱpermitting,ȱdesign,ȱetc.)ȱ$630,000ȱ$625,000ȱ$610,000ȱ$310,000ȱ$305,000$630,000ȱ$625,000ȱ$610,000ȱ$310,000ȱ$305,000$630,000ȱ$625,000ȱ$610,000ȱ$310,000ȱ$305,000ȱTransmissionȱLineȱ$1,214,000ȱ$1,203,000ȱ$1,190,000ȱ$1,171,000ȱ$1,208,000 $1,247,000ȱ$1,231,000ȱ$1,212,000ȱ$1,186,000ȱ$1,221,000 $1,310,000ȱ$1,286,000ȱ$1,256,000ȱ$1,214,000ȱ$1,251,000ȱAccessȱTrailsȱ$2,165,000ȱ$1,796,000ȱ$1,118,000ȱ$212,000ȱ$124,000$2,316,000ȱ$1,796,000ȱ$1,118,000ȱ$212,000ȱ$124,000$2,560,000ȱ$1,985,000ȱ$1,521,000ȱ$323,000ȱ$159,000ȱDiversionȱ/ȱIntakeȱ$251,000ȱ$225,000ȱ$192,000ȱ$192,000ȱ$129,000 $263,000ȱ$236,000ȱ$204,000ȱ$204,000ȱ$131,000 $300,000ȱ$273,000ȱ$241,000ȱ$241,000ȱ$148,000ȱPenstockȱ$2,772,000ȱ$1,833,000ȱ$1,470,000ȱ$432,000ȱ$192,000$3,542,000ȱ$2,249,000ȱ$1,727,000ȱ$520,000ȱ$227,000$4,300,000ȱ$2,689,000ȱ$2,065,000ȱ$616,000ȱ$273,000ȱPowerhouseȱ$2,214,000ȱ$1,972,000ȱ$1,610,000ȱ$968,000ȱ$680,000 $2,947,000ȱ$2,605,000ȱ$2,153,000ȱ$1,123,000ȱ$837,000 $4,416,000ȱ$3,831,000ȱ$3,104,000ȱ$1,485,000ȱ$1,135,000ȱConstructionȱEquipmentȱ$507,000ȱ$491,000ȱ$398,000ȱ$272,000ȱ$220,000$507,000ȱ$491,000ȱ$398,000ȱ$272,000ȱ$220,000$507,000ȱ$491,000ȱ$398,000ȱ$398,000ȱ$220,000ȱShippingȱ$317,000ȱ$234,000ȱ$190,000ȱ$116,000ȱ$98,000 $438,000ȱ$317,000ȱ$251,000ȱ$140,000ȱ$111,000 $625,000ȱ$438,000ȱ$339,000ȱ$176,000ȱ$130,000ȱConstructionȱEngineeringȱ$533,000ȱ$470,000ȱ$381,000ȱ$222,000ȱ$183,000$559,000ȱ$479,000ȱ$389,000ȱ$224,000ȱ$185,000$606,000ȱ$514,000ȱ$443,000ȱ$246,000ȱ$196,000ȱConstructionȱManagementȱ/ȱAdministrationȱ$944,000ȱ$775,000ȱ$617,000ȱ$336,000ȱ$265,000 $1,126,000ȱ$893,000ȱ$706,000ȱ$366,000ȱ$287,000 $1,402,000ȱ$1,099,000ȱ$892,000ȱ$445,000ȱ$332,000ȱContractorȱMarginȱ$800,000ȱ$704,000ȱ$571,000ȱ$333,000ȱ$275,000$839,000ȱ$719,000ȱ$584,000ȱ$336,000ȱ$278,000$909,000ȱ$771,000ȱ$665,000ȱ$369,000ȱ$294,000ȱContingencyȱ$2,360,000ȱ$1,938,000ȱ$1,542,000ȱ$841,000ȱ$663,000 $2,815,000ȱ$2,231,000ȱ$1,765,000ȱ$914,000ȱ$718,000 $3,504,000ȱ$2,748,000ȱ$2,231,000ȱ$1,113,000ȱ$829,000ȱESTIMATEDȱTOTALȱCAPITALȱCOSTȱȱ$14,707,000ȱ$12,266,000ȱ$9,889,000ȱ$5,405,000ȱ$4,342,000$17,229,000ȱ$13,872,000ȱ$11,117,000ȱ$5,807,000ȱ$4,644,000$21,069,000ȱ$16,750,000ȱ$13,765,000ȱ$6,936,000ȱ$5,272,000ȱ1ȱ=ȱ1,160’ȱDiversion,ȱ2ȱ=ȱ1,000’ȱDiversion,ȱ3ȱ=ȱ800’ȱDiversion,ȱ4ȱ=ȱ340’ȱDiversionȱ(DiversionȱatȱUSSȱ1560ȱpropertyȱline),ȱ5ȱ=ȱ235’ȱDiversionȱ(existingȱhydroȱdiversion);ȱDȱ=ȱpowerhouseȱatȱexistingȱpowerhouseȱsiteȱatȱ33’.ȱAvg.ȱ(average)ȱSeasonalȱEnergyȱOutputȱisȱfromȱAprilȱ1ȱthroughȱSeptemberȱ30.ȱȱSource:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱTableȱHȬ1:ȱȱCostȱEstimatesȱandȱFinancialȱAnalysisȱforȱSelectȱProjectȱConfigurations BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱNovemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱȱHȬ4ȱȱTableȱHȬ2:ȱȱEconomicȱCasesȱforȱSelectȱProjectȱConfigurationsȱȱȱȱPROJECTȱCONFIGURATIONSȱÆȱ50ȱCFSȱDESIGNȱFLOWȱ70ȱCFSȱDESIGNȱFLOW110ȱCFSȱDESIGNȱFLOWFINANCINGȱMODELSȱ1DȬ50ȱ2DȬ50ȱ3DȬ50ȱ4DȬ50ȱ5DȬ50ȱ1DȬ70ȱ2DȬ70ȱ3DȬ70ȱ4DȬ70ȱ5DȬ70ȱ1DȬ110ȱ2DȬ110ȱ3DȬ110ȱ4DȬ110ȱ5DȬ110ȱEQUITYȱANDȱDEBTȱFINANCINGȱMODELSȱ(NOȱGRANTS)ȱȱȱOwnerȱEquityȱ(20%)ȱ$2,961,000ȱ$2,473,000ȱ$1,998,000ȱ$1,101,000ȱ$888,000 $3,466,000ȱ$2,794,000ȱ$2,243,000ȱ$1,181,000ȱ$949,000 $4,234,000ȱ$3,370,000ȱ$2,773,000ȱ$1,407,000ȱ$1,074,000ȱȱȱGrantsȱ(ExistingȱOnly)ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000 $40,000ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000 $40,000ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000ȱ$40,000ȱȱȱDebtȱ(80%)ȱ$11,706,000ȱ$9,753,000ȱ$7,851,000ȱ$4,264,000ȱ$3,414,000 $13,723,000ȱ$11,038,000ȱ$8,834,000ȱ$4,586,000ȱ$3,655,000 $16,795,000ȱ$13,340,000ȱ$10,952,000ȱ$5,489,000ȱ$4,158,000ȱȱȱTOTALȱPROJECTȱCAPITALȱCOSTȱ$14,707,000ȱ$12,266,000ȱ$9,889,000ȱ$5,405,000$4,342,000$17,229,000$13,872,000$11,117,000$5,807,000$4,644,000$21,069,000ȱ$16,750,000ȱ$13,765,000$6,936,000$5,272,000ȱȱDebtȱServiceȱ$850,000ȱ$709,000ȱ$570,000ȱ$310,000ȱ$248,000 $997,000ȱ$802,000ȱ$642,000ȱ$333,000ȱ$265,000 $1,220,000ȱ$969,000ȱ$796,000ȱ$399,000ȱ$302,000ȱȱȱO,ȱM,ȱR,ȱ&ȱRȱ$226,000ȱ$196,000ȱ$159,000ȱ$71,000ȱ$45,000 $276,000ȱ$240,000ȱ$196,000ȱ$87,000ȱ$54,000 $322,000ȱ$285,000ȱ$240,000ȱ$108,000ȱ$68,000ȱȱȱReturnȱonȱEquityȱ&ȱȱȱȱOperatingȱMarginȱ$888,000ȱ$742,000ȱ$600,000ȱ$330,000ȱ$267,000 $1,040,000ȱ$838,000ȱ$673,000ȱ$354,000ȱ$285,000 $1,270,000ȱ$1,011,000ȱ$832,000ȱ$422,000ȱ$322,000ȱȱȱANNUALIZEDȱCOSTSȱ$2,852,000ȱ$2,389,000ȱ$1,929,000ȱ$1,041,000$827,000$3,353,000$2,718,000$2,184,000$1,128,000$889,000$4,082,000ȱ$3,276,000ȱ$2,700,000$1,351,000$1,014,000MODELȱ#1:ȱȱEQUITYȱANDȱDEBTȱFINANCINGȱWITHȱFULLȱSALESȱ(NOȱGRANTS)ȱȱȱȱȱȱAnnualȱMWhȱSoldȱ14,600ȱ12,873ȱ10,526ȱ4,462ȱ2,658 17,943ȱ15,935ȱ13,127ȱ5,635ȱ3,334 20,581ȱ18,798ȱ15,915ȱ7,151ȱ4,264ȱREQUIREDȱPOWERȱSALESȱRATEȱNOȱGRANTȱ&ȱPARTIALȱSALESȱ($/kWh)ȱ$0.137ȱ$0.130ȱ$0.129ȱ$0.162ȱ$0.213$0.131ȱ$0.120ȱ$0.118ȱ$0.140ȱ$0.184$0.139ȱ$0.123ȱ$0.120ȱ$0.133ȱ$0.165ȱMODELȱ#2:ȱȱEQUITYȱANDȱDEBTȱFINANCINGȱWITHȱPARTIALȱSALESȱ(NOȱGRANTS)ȱȱȱȱȱȱAnnualȱMWhȱSoldȱ10,901ȱ9,536ȱ7,728ȱ3,208ȱ1,886 13,981ȱ12,340ȱ10,074ȱ4,248ȱ2,496 16,672ȱ15,172ȱ12,747ȱ5,662ȱ3,365ȱREQUIREDȱPOWERȱSALESȱRATEȱNOȱGRANTȱ&ȱPARTIALȱSALESȱ($/kWh)ȱ$0.180ȱ$0.173ȱ$0.172ȱ$0.222ȱ$0.297$0.165ȱ$0.152ȱ$0.150ȱ$0.182ȱ$0.242$0.169ȱ$0.149ȱ$0.146ȱ$0.164ȱ$0.206ȱ50%ȱGRANT,ȱ20%ȱEQUITYȱANDȱ30%ȱDEBTȱFINANCINGȱMODELSȱȱȱOwnerȱEquityȱ(20%)ȱ$2,961,000ȱ$2,473,000ȱ$1,998,000ȱ$1,101,000ȱ$888,000 $3,466,000ȱ$2,794,000ȱ$2,243,000ȱ$1,181,000ȱ$949,000 $4,234,000ȱ$3,370,000ȱ$2,773,000ȱ$1,407,000ȱ$1,074,000ȱȱȱGrantsȱ(80%ȱupȱtoȱ$8,500,000ȱmax.)ȱ$7,333,000ȱ$6,113,000ȱ$4,924,000ȱ$2,683,000ȱ$2,151,000 $8,500,000ȱ$6,916,000ȱ$5,538,000ȱ$2,883,000ȱ$2,302,000 $8,500,000ȱ$8,355,000ȱ$6,861,000ȱ$3,448,000ȱ$2,615,000ȱȱȱDebtȱ(RemainingȱBalance)ȱ$4,413,000ȱ$3,680,000ȱ$2,967,000ȱ$1,621,000ȱ$1,303,000 $5,263,000ȱ$4,162,000ȱ$3,336,000ȱ$1,743,000ȱ$1,393,000 $8,335,000ȱ$5,025,000ȱ$4,131,000ȱ$2,081,000ȱ$1,583,000ȱȱȱTOTALȱPROJECTȱCAPITALȱCOSTȱ$14,707,000ȱ$12,266,000ȱ$9,889,000ȱ$5,405,000$4,342,000$17,229,000$13,872,000$11,117,000$5,807,000$4,644,000$21,069,000ȱ$16,750,000ȱ$13,765,000$6,936,000$5,272,000ȱȱDebtȱServiceȱ$321,000ȱ$267,000ȱ$216,000ȱ$118,000ȱ$95,000 $382,000ȱ$302,000ȱ$242,000ȱ$127,000ȱ$101,000 $606,000ȱ$365,000ȱ$300,000ȱ$151,000ȱ$115,000ȱȱȱO,ȱM,ȱR,ȱ&ȱRȱ$262,000ȱ$228,000ȱ$186,000ȱ$82,000ȱ$52,000 $321,000ȱ$280,000ȱ$229,000ȱ$101,000ȱ$63,000 $322,000ȱ$285,000ȱ$240,000ȱ$108,000ȱ$68,000ȱȱȱReturnȱonȱEquityȱ&ȱȱȱȱOperatingȱMarginȱ$651,000ȱ$544,000ȱ$440,000ȱ$242,000ȱ$196,000 $763,000ȱ$614,000ȱ$493,000ȱ$260,000ȱ$209,000 $931,000ȱ$741,000ȱ$610,000ȱ$310,000ȱ$236,000ȱȱȱANNUALIZEDȱCOSTSȱ$1,885,000ȱ$1,583,000ȱ$1,282,000ȱ$684,000$539,000$2,229,000$1,810,000$1,457,000$748,000$582,000$2,790,000ȱ$2,132,000ȱ$1,760,000$879,000$655,000MODELȱ#3:ȱ50%ȱGRANT,ȱ20%ȱEQUITYȱANDȱ30%ȱDEBTȱFINANCINGȱWITHȱFULLȱSALESȱȱȱȱȱȱAnnualȱMWhȱSoldȱ14,600ȱ12,873ȱ10,526ȱ4,462ȱ2,658 17,943ȱ15,935ȱ13,127ȱ5,635ȱ3,334 20,581ȱ18,798ȱ15,915ȱ7,151ȱ4,264ȱREQUIREDȱPOWERȱSALESȱRATEȱ50%ȱGRANTȱ&ȱFULLȱSALESȱ($/kWh)ȱ$0.085ȱ$0.081ȱ$0.080ȱ$0.099ȱ$0.129$0.082ȱ$0.075ȱ$0.073ȱ$0.086ȱ$0.112$0.093ȱ$0.077ȱ$0.075ȱ$0.083ȱ$0.101ȱMODELȱ#4:ȱȱ50%ȱGRANT,ȱ20%ȱEQUITYȱANDȱ30%ȱDEBTȱFINANCINGȱWITHȱPARTIALȱSALESȱȱȱȱȱȱAnnualȱMWhȱSoldȱ10,901ȱ9,536ȱ7,728ȱ3,208ȱ1,886 13,981ȱ12,340ȱ10,074ȱ4,248ȱ2,496 16,672ȱ15,172ȱ12,747ȱ5,662ȱ3,365ȱREQUIREDȱPOWERȱSALESȱRATEȱ50%ȱGRANTȱ&ȱPARTIALȱSALESȱ($/kWh)ȱ$0.110ȱ$0.106ȱ$0.105ȱ$0.134ȱ$0.178$0.102ȱ$0.094ȱ$0.093ȱ$0.111ȱ$0.146$0.111ȱ$0.092ȱ$0.090ȱ$0.100ȱ$0.125ȱSeeȱSectionȱH.2ȱforȱassumptionsȱusedȱinȱtheseȱfinancialȱmodels.ȱȱȱSource:ȱPolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.,ȱ2011.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱNote:ȱȱEstimatedȱrequiredȱpowerȱsalesȱratesȱinȱallȱscenariosȱinȱTableȱHȬ2ȱisȱforȱdeliveryȱtoȱAlaskaȱPowerȱCompanyȱinȱSkagway,ȱandȱdoesȱnotȱincludeȱtheȱcostȱofȱwheelingȱorȱotherȱinfrastructureȱcostsȱtoȱgetȱtheȱpowerȱtoȱitsȱultimateȱmarket.TableȱHȬ2:ȱȱBusinessȱModelsȱforȱSelectȱProjectȱConfigurations BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ HȬ5ȱ H.2ȱ ASSUMPTIONSȱINȱPROJECTȱCOSTȱESTIMATESȱANDȱSCENARIOSȱ H.2.1ȱ ESTIMATEDȱDEVELOPMENTȱCOSTSȱ Theȱ estimatedȱ developmentȱ costsȱ listedȱ inȱ Tableȱ HȬ1ȱ includeȱ allȱ costsȱ fromȱ conceptȱ toȱ commissioning,ȱ includingȱ theȱ costsȱ ofȱ thisȱ feasibilityȱ study.ȱȱAssumptionsȱ forȱ theseȱ costsȱ areȱ asȱ follows:ȱ ¾Theȱ ‘preȬconstruction’ȱ lineȱ itemȱ includesȱ theȱ estimatedȱ costȱ toȱ obtainȱ regulatoryȱ approvalsȱ andȱ permits,ȱ conductȱ resourceȱ studiesȱ thatȱ mayȱ beȱ requiredȱ byȱ theȱ resourceȱ agencies,ȱ conductȱ technicalȱ studies,ȱ completeȱ designȱ documentsȱ forȱ theȱ project,ȱ conductȱ contractȱ negotiations,ȱ developȱ aȱ businessȱ planȱ forȱ theȱ project,ȱ andȱ similarȱ preȬ constructionȱcosts.ȱȱȱ ȱ ¾Theȱ nextȱ sevenȱ lineȱ itemsȱ areȱ forȱ constructionȱ activities.ȱȱTheseȱ areȱ organizedȱ byȱ majorȱ constructionȱactivity.ȱȱȱ ¾Theȱ ‘constructionȱ engineering’ȱ lineȱ itemȱ includesȱ inspection,ȱ reviewȱ ofȱ technicalȱ changeȱ orderȱ requests,ȱ assemblyȱ ofȱ recordȱ documentsȱ forȱ theȱ project,ȱ andȱ relatedȱ itemsȱ thatȱ occurȱduringȱtheȱconstructionȱphaseȱofȱtheȱproject.ȱ ¾Theȱ ‘constructionȱ management/administration’ȱ lineȱ itemȱ includesȱ oversightȱ ofȱ theȱ contractor(s),ȱ andȱ managementȱ ofȱ theȱ projectȱ finances,ȱ permits,ȱ andȱ similarȱ activitiesȱ duringȱtheȱconstructionȱphaseȱofȱtheȱproject.ȱ ¾Theȱ ‘contractorȱ margin’ȱ lineȱ itemȱ isȱ anȱ estimatedȱ markupȱ forȱ contractedȱ constructionȱ services.ȱ ¾Theȱ ‘contingency’ȱ lineȱ itemȱ isȱ aȱ 20%ȱ contingencyȱ appliedȱ toȱ theȱ entireȱ developmentȱ budgetȱestimate.ȱȱȱ H.2.2ȱ ȱFINANCINGȱ AssumptionsȱaboutȱfinancingȱpresentedȱinȱTableȱHȬ2ȱareȱasȱfollows:ȱ ¾Forȱscenariosȱwithoutȱadditionalȱgrants,ȱ20%ȱofȱtheȱtotalȱdevelopmentȱcostȱisȱcontributedȱ ownerȱequity,ȱandȱtheȱbalanceȱisȱraisedȱasȱdebt.ȱȱȱ ¾Forȱ scenariosȱ withȱ additionalȱ grants,ȱ grantsȱ areȱ assumedȱ toȱ provideȱ 80%ȱ ofȱ theȱ totalȱ capitalȱ costs,ȱ upȱ toȱ aȱ maximumȱ ofȱ $8,500,000.ȱȱOwnerȱ equityȱ isȱ assumedȱ toȱ provideȱ theȱ balance,ȱ upȱ toȱ aȱ maximumȱ ofȱ 20%ȱ ofȱ theȱ totalȱ capitalȱ cost.ȱȱAnyȱ remainingȱ capitalȱ isȱ raisedȱasȱdebt.ȱ ¾Allȱdebtȱisȱassumedȱtoȱbeȱcommerciallyȱfinancedȱatȱaȱ30Ȭyearȱtermȱatȱ6%ȱinterest.ȱȱȱ ¾Debtȱ originationȱ costsȱ ofȱ 3%ȱ areȱ assumedȱ forȱ itemsȱ suchȱ asȱ applicationȱ fees,ȱ loanȱ guaranteeȱfees,ȱand/orȱotherȱoriginationȱfees.ȱȱȱ Stateȱ orȱ Federalȱ grantsȱ canȱ helpȱ reduceȱ theȱ amountȱ ofȱ capitalȱ BCHȱ needsȱ toȱ borrowȱ forȱ theȱ project.ȱȱAsȱ shownȱ inȱ Tableȱ HȬ2,ȱ suchȱ grantsȱ wouldȱ enableȱ BCHȱ toȱ lowerȱ theȱ requiredȱ salesȱ priceȱ forȱ energyȱ fromȱ theȱ project,ȱ potentiallyȱ expandingȱ theȱ availableȱ marketȱ forȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ energy.ȱȱȱTheȱ eligibilityȱ ofȱ theȱ projectȱ forȱ grantsȱ willȱ dependȱ onȱ aȱ numberȱ ofȱ factorsȱ thatȱ areȱ specificȱtoȱtheȱvariousȱgrantȱprogramsȱforȱwhichȱtheȱprojectȱmayȱbeȱeligible.ȱ Also,ȱ Stateȱ orȱ Federalȱ loanȱ programsȱ canȱ lowerȱ BCH’sȱ borrowingȱ costsȱ forȱ theȱ project,ȱ whichȱ wouldȱreduceȱannualȱ debtȱpayments,ȱenablingȱBCHȱtoȱlowerȱtheȱenergyȱsalesȱprice.ȱȱTheseȱloanȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ HȬ6ȱ programsȱ typicallyȱ offerȱ belowȬmarketȱ interestȱ rates,ȱ longerȱ loanȱ termsȱ (upȱ toȱ 50ȱ years),ȱ loanȱ guarantees,ȱorȱaȱcombinationȱofȱthese.ȱȱȱ Stateȱ andȱ Federalȱ loanȱ andȱ grantȱ programsȱ forȱ whichȱ theȱ projectȱ mayȱ beȱ eligibleȱ areȱ listedȱ inȱ SectionȱH.3ȱofȱthisȱAppendix.ȱ H.2.3ȱ ESTIMATEDȱANNUALȱPROJECTȱCOSTSȱ H.2.3.1ȱȱ General,ȱAdministrative,ȱOperation,ȱandȱMaintenanceȱExpensesȱ Typicalȱ generalȱ andȱ administrativeȱ costsȱ forȱ anȱ IPPȱ atȱ Burroȱ Creekȱ includeȱ itemsȱ suchȱ asȱ businessȱinsuranceȱandȱmanagementȱofȱtheȱIPP’sȱbusinessȱaffairs.ȱȱȱȱ Theȱ hydroelectricȱ projectȱ willȱ haveȱ operationȱ andȱ maintenanceȱ costs.ȱȱThisȱ includesȱ laborȱ costsȱ forȱ monitoringȱ andȱ maintainingȱ theȱ hydroȱ systemsȱ asȱ wellȱ asȱ directȱ expensesȱ forȱ partsȱ andȱ consumables.ȱȱThisȱ willȱ includeȱ activitiesȱ suchȱ asȱ plantȱ inspections,ȱ maintenance,ȱ routineȱ partsȱ replacement,ȱandȱtrailȱmaintenanceȱcosts.ȱȱȱ H.2.3.1.1ȱȱTaxesȱ Asȱaȱ forȬprofitȱbusiness,ȱBCHȱwillȱ haveȱtoȱpayȱStateȱandȱFederalȱtaxesȱonȱearnings.ȱȱTheȱStateȱofȱ Alaskaȱ currentlyȱ hasȱ taxȱ creditȱ programsȱ inȱ effectȱ thatȱ mayȱ partiallyȱ offsetȱ BCH’sȱ taxȱ burdenȱ ifȱ theȱ currentȱ programȱ isȱ stillȱ inȱ effectȱ whenȱ theȱ projectȱ isȱ operational.ȱȱSimilarly,ȱ Federalȱ energyȱ creditȱprogramsȱmayȱpartiallyȱoffsetȱtaxȱliabilities.ȱ Depreciationȱwillȱlargelyȱorȱentirelyȱoffsetȱtaxȱliabilitiesȱinȱtheȱearlyȱyearsȱofȱprojectȱoperation.ȱȱȱ H.2.3.1.2ȱȱInsuranceȱ Atȱ aȱ minimum,ȱ BCHȱ willȱ beȱrequiredȱ toȱ carryȱ standardȱ businessȱ andȱliabilityȱinsuranceȱ policiesȱ forȱtheȱproject.ȱȱAdditionally,ȱBCHȱmayȱelectȱorȱbeȱrequiredȱtoȱpurchaseȱboilermaker’sȱinsuranceȱ andȱrelatedȱpoliciesȱtoȱprotectȱtheȱprojectȱagainstȱprematureȱfailureȱofȱcapitalȱequipment.ȱȱBCH’sȱ financialȱinstruments,ȱ powerȱsalesȱ contract,ȱandȱ regulatoryȱ permitsȱ willȱ likelyȱ containȱ languageȱ stipulatingȱwhatȱinsuranceȱpoliciesȱBCHȱwillȱbeȱrequiredȱtoȱmaintain.ȱȱȱ H.2.3.1.3ȱȱRepairȱandȱReplacementȱ Mostȱ ofȱ theȱ hydroelectricȱ projectȱ systemsȱ andȱ componentsȱ haveȱ aȱ veryȱ longȱ usefulȱ life.ȱȱTheȱ intake,ȱpenstock,ȱpowerhouse,ȱswitchgear,ȱ turbine/generator,ȱandȱpowerȱ lineȱ allȱareȱ expectedȱ toȱ haveȱ usefulȱ livesȱ ofȱ 30ȱ toȱ 50ȱ yearsȱ orȱ more.ȱȱSomeȱ componentsȱ willȱ requireȱ periodicȱ repairȱ orȱ replacement.ȱȱMinorȱ components,ȱ suchȱ asȱ pumps,ȱ actuators,ȱ controlȱ sensors,ȱ andȱ similarȱ devices,ȱ areȱ assumedȱ toȱ haveȱ aȱ usefulȱ lifeȱ ofȱ fiveȱ years.ȱȱTheȱ waterȱ turbinesȱ mayȱ needȱ anȱ overhaulȱafterȱaboutȱ15ȱtoȱ25ȱyears.ȱȱȱ H.2.3.2ȱ ReturnȱonȱEquityȱandȱOperatingȱMarginsȱ Forȱ debtȱ andȱ equityȬfinancedȱ projects,ȱ anȱ annualȱ returnȱ onȱ equityȱ ofȱ 20%ȱ isȱ assumed.ȱȱForȱ partiallyȱ grantȬfinancedȱ projects,ȱ anȱ annualȱ returnȱ onȱ equityȱ ofȱ 12%ȱ isȱ assumed.ȱȱAllȱ casesȱ alsoȱ provideȱ aȱ 10%ȱ marginȱ onȱ grossȱ revenueȱ toȱ provideȱ adequateȱ cashȱ reservesȱ forȱ theȱ businessȱ toȱ weatherȱunforeseenȱexpensesȱsuchȱasȱmajorȱequipmentȱfailures,ȱlowȱwaterȱyears,ȱetc.ȱȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ HȬ7ȱ H.2.4ȱ ESTIMATEDȱPROJECTȱREVENUESȱȱ H.2.4.1ȱȱȱ EnergyȱSalesȱ TheȱamountȱofȱkWhȱavailableȱforȱsaleȱfromȱaȱgivenȱprojectȱconfigurationȱareȱcalculatedȱfromȱtheȱ hydrologyȱ modelȱ describedȱ inȱ Appendixȱ C.ȱȱTheȱ netȱ kWhȱ availableȱ forȱ saleȱ areȱ theȱ averageȱ annualȱ amountȱ lessȱ 10%ȱ forȱ assumedȱ forcedȱ outagesȱ andȱ scheduledȱ outagesȱ forȱ maintenance.ȱȱȱ Seasonalȱ casesȱ alsoȱ discountȱ theȱ netȱ kWhȱ availableȱ forȱ saleȱ byȱ 10%ȱ forȱ forcedȱ andȱ scheduledȱ outages.ȱȱ H.2.4.2ȱȱ EnvironmentalȱAttributesȱ Theȱenvironmentalȱattributesȱ(EA)ȱofȱ theȱrecommendedȱprojectȱcanȱbeȱmarketedȱnationȬwideȱ toȱ earnȱBCHȱadditionalȱrevenue.ȱȱTheȱproject’sȱEAsȱwouldȱbeȱsoldȱonȱtheȱvoluntaryȱmarket,ȱwhereȱ pricingȱ forȱ EAsȱ varies.ȱȱPricesȱ wereȱ asȱ highȱ asȱ $0.02ȱ perȱ kWhȱ beforeȱ theȱ financialȱ crisisȱ ofȱ 2008,ȱ andȱmoreȱrecentlyȱhaveȱfluctuatedȱinȱtheȱrangeȱofȱ$0.001ȱtoȱ0.005ȱperȱkWh.ȱȱȱ Forȱ severalȱ years,ȱ thereȱ hasȱ beenȱ anȱ effortȱ atȱ theȱ Federalȱ levelȱ toȱ implementȱ mandatoryȱ purchaseȱ ofȱ EAs.ȱȱSuchȱ legislationȱ wouldȱ likelyȱ expandȱ theȱ marketȱ andȱ stabilizeȱ theȱ pricingȱ forȱ EAs.ȱȱItȱisȱunknownȱifȱorȱwhenȱsuchȱlegislationȱwouldȱtakeȱeffect,ȱorȱwhatȱtheȱfinalȱtermsȱofȱsuchȱ legislationȱwillȱbe.ȱȱȱ Whileȱ EAsȱ fromȱ theȱ projectȱ areȱ anȱ additionalȱ potentialȱ revenueȱ streamȱ forȱ BCH,ȱ noȱ revenueȱ fromȱEAsȱisȱassumedȱinȱthisȱfeasibilityȱstudy.ȱȱȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ HȬ8ȱ H.3ȱ POTENTIALȱFUNDINGȱANDȱFINANCINGȱOPPORTUNITIESȱ Severalȱ Federal,ȱ Stateȱ andȱ regionalȱ programsȱ offerȱ grantsȱ orȱ loansȱ forȱ hydroelectricȱ facilityȱ development.ȱȱSomeȱ Federalȱ programsȱ haveȱ lostȱ fundingȱ inȱ recentȱ years,ȱ evenȱ thoughȱ theyȱ areȱ stillȱ inȱ effect.ȱȱȱSomeȱ programsȱ areȱ outlinedȱ below.ȱȱWhileȱ thisȱ projectȱ seemsȱ toȱ fitȱ withȱ theseȱ programsȱ inȱ general,ȱ oftenȱ judgmentȱ ofȱ theȱ fundingȱ agencyȱ regardingȱ economicȱ benefitȱ toȱ theȱ publicȱandȱotherȱcriteriaȱwillȱbeȱdeterminingȱfactorsȱforȱeligibility.ȱȱȱ Currently,ȱ Federalȱ regulationsȱ doȱ notȱ defineȱ hydroelectricȱ powerȱ generationȱ asȱ renewableȱ energy,ȱ soȱ hydroȱ projectsȱ areȱ notȱ eligibleȱ forȱ someȱ Federalȱ grantsȱ andȱ loans.ȱȱLegislationȱ hasȱ beenȱ presentedȱ toȱ Congressȱ thatȱ willȱ redefineȱ smallȱ hydroelectricȱ projectsȱ asȱ renewableȱ energyȱ projects.ȱȱIfȱ thatȱ legislationȱ becomesȱ law,ȱ additionalȱ Federalȱ grantȱ andȱ loanȱ opportunitiesȱ mayȱ becomeȱavailableȱforȱthisȱproject.ȱ ¾USȱDepartmentȱofȱAgricultureȱRuralȱDevelopment:ȱ o RuralȱEnergyȱforȱAmericaȱdirectȱloanȱandȱloanȱguaranteeȱprograms.ȱ o RuralȱEnergyȱforȱAmericanȱgrantsȱprogramȱ(noȱfundsȱavailable)ȱ o HighȱCostȱEnergyȱprogramȱ(noȱfundsȱavailable)ȱ ¾USȱSmallȱBusinessȱAdministration:ȱ o SmallȱBusinessȱGrantsȱ o SmallȱBusinessȱLoansȱ(18ȱprograms)ȱ ¾Alaskaȱ Energyȱ Authorityȱ (AEA)/Alaskaȱ Industrialȱ Developmentȱ andȱ Exportȱ Authorityȱ (AIDEA):ȱ o AEAȱRenewableȱEnergyȱFundȱ(grants)ȱ o AEAȱPowerȱProjectȱFundȱ(loans)ȱ o AIDEAȱDevelopmentȱFinanceȱProgramȱ(loans)ȱ o AIDEAȱLoadȱParticipationȱProgramȱ(loans)ȱ ¾Alaskaȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Commerce,ȱ Communityȱ andȱ Economicȱ Development,ȱ Divisionȱ ofȱ EconomicȱDevelopment:ȱ o RuralȱDevelopmentȱInitiativeȱFundȱ(loans)ȱ o SmallȱBusinessȱEconomicȱDevelopmentȱFundȱ(loans)ȱ ¾AlaskaȱStateȱLegislature:ȱ o DirectȱLegislativeȱAppropriationsȱ ¾JuneauȱEconomicȱDevelopmentȱCouncil:ȱ SoutheastȱAlaskaȱRevolvingȱLoanȱFund BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱIȱ–ȱACRONYMSȱANDȱTERMINOLOGYȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ IȬ1ȱ ACRONYMSȱANDȱTERMINOLOGYȱ acȬftȱ acreȬfoot,ȱ acreȬfeet.ȱȱAȱ measureȱ ofȱ waterȱ volumeȱ equalȱ toȱ oneȱ acreȱ coveredȱ inȱ waterȱtoȱaȱdepthȱofȱoneȱfoot.ȱ ADCEDȱ AlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱCommunityȱandȱEconomicȱDevelopmentȱ ADECȱ AlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱEnvironmentalȱConservationȱ ADFGȱ AlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱFishȱandȱGameȱ ADNRȱ AlaskaȱDepartmentȱofȱNaturalȱResourcesȱ AEAȱ AlaskaȱEnergyȱAuthorityȱȱȱ ATVȱ AllȱTerrainȱVehicleȱ APAȱ AlaskaȱPowerȱAuthorityȱ(predecessorȱtoȱtheȱAEA)ȱ ASȱ AlaskaȱStatuteȱ BCHȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BCRȱ benefitȬcostȱratioȱ BLMȱ BureauȱofȱLandȱManagementȱ cfsȱ cubicȱfeetȱperȱsecondȱ coandaȱeffectȱ Theȱ tendencyȱ ofȱ aȱ fluidȱ jetȱ toȱ stayȱ attachedȱ toȱ aȱ smoothlyȱ convexȱ solidȱ obstruction.ȱȱAȱ commonȱ exampleȱ isȱ theȱ wayȱ aȱ streamȱ ofȱ water,ȱ asȱ fromȱ aȱ faucet,ȱ willȱ wrapȱ aroundȱ aȱ cylindricalȱ objectȱ heldȱ underȱ theȱ faucetȱ (suchȱ asȱ theȱ barrelȱ ofȱ aȱdrinkingȱglass).ȱȱȱ COEȱ U.S.ȱȱArmyȱCorpsȱofȱEngineersȱ dischargeȱ Aȱsynonymȱforȱstreamȱflow.ȱȱFlowȱandȱdischargeȱareȱusedȱinterchangeablyȱinȱthisȱ report.ȱ DOEȱ U.S.ȱDepartmentȱofȱEnergyȱ Environmentalȱȱ attributesȱ Theȱ termȱ environmentalȱ attributesȱ isȱ usedȱ byȱ theȱ utilityȱ industryȱ toȱ describeȱ theȱ desirableȱ aspectsȱ ofȱ electricityȱ thatȱ isȱ generatedȱ fromȱ environmentallyȱ benignȱ and/orȱ renewableȱ sources.ȱȱEnvironmentalȱ attributesȱ areȱ tracked,ȱ marketed,ȱ bought,ȱ andȱ soldȱ separatelyȱ fromȱ theȱ physicalȱ energy.ȱȱSeparatingȱ theȱ environmentalȱ attributesȱ fromȱ theȱ physicalȱ energyȱ allowsȱ customersȱ orȱ ratepayersȱ toȱ electȱ toȱ buyȱ sustainableȱ orȱ ‘green’ȱ energyȱ evenȱ ifȱ itȱ isȱ physicallyȱ unavailableȱfromȱtheirȱelectricȱutility.ȱȱȱ ftȱȱ foot,ȱfeetȱ FYȱ fiscalȱyearȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ IȬ2ȱ galȱ gallon(s)ȱ grossȱheadȱ Theȱ topographicȱ elevationȱ differenceȱ betweenȱ theȱ headwaterȱ elevationȱ ofȱ theȱ hydroelectricȱprojectȱandȱtheȱturbine(s)ȱinȱtheȱpowerhouseȱ(seeȱalsoȱ‘netȱhead’).ȱ HDPEȱ highȬdensityȱpolyethyleneȱ inȱ inch,ȱinchesȱ isohyetȱȱ aȱmapȱcontourȱconnectingȱareasȱofȱequalȱprecipitation.ȱ kVȱȱ kilovolt,ȱorȱ1,000ȱvoltsȱ kVAȱ kilovoltȬampȱ kWȱ kilowatt,ȱ orȱ 1,000ȱ watts.ȱȱOneȱ kWȱ isȱ theȱ powerȱ consumedȱ byȱ tenȱ 100Ȭwattȱ incandescentȱlightȱbulbs.ȱ kWhȱ kilowattȬhour.ȱȱTheȱ quantityȱ ofȱ energyȱ equalȱ toȱ oneȱ kilowattȱ (kW)ȱ expendedȱ forȱ oneȱhour.ȱȱȱ MHWȱ meanȱhighȱwaterȱ miȱ mile,ȱmilesȱ MWȱ megawatt,ȱorȱ1,000ȱkilowattsȱ netȱheadȱ Theȱgrossȱ headȱonȱ aȱ projectȱlessȱ lossesȱ dueȱ toȱ frictionȱ inȱ theȱ pipe,ȱ fittings,ȱ valves,ȱ etc.ȱȱatȱtheȱproject’sȱfullȱdesignȱflow.ȱȱȱ Obermeyerȱgateȱ ȱ Aȱ hydraulicȱ gateȱ thatȱ whenȱ openȱ laysȱ flatȱ onȱ theȱ bottomȱ ofȱ aȱ creekȱ orȱ river.ȱȱTheȱ gateȱ hasȱ aȱ hingeȱ alongȱ itsȱ upstreamȱ edgeȱ thatȱ isȱ securedȱ toȱ theȱ creekȱ bottomȱ (typicallyȱ toȱ aȱ concreteȱ sillȱ formedȱ inȱ theȱ creekȱ bed).ȱȱTheȱ gateȱ isȱ closedȱ byȱ inflatingȱ aȱ ruggedȱ rubberȱ bladderȱ installedȱ underneathȱ theȱ gate.ȱȱTheȱ bladderȱ liftsȱ theȱ gateȱ toȱ anȱ angleȱ ofȱ approximatelyȱ 45ȱ degrees,ȱ impoundingȱ waterȱ behindȱ theȱgate.ȱȱTheseȱgatesȱareȱadvantageousȱforȱpassingȱlargeȱdebrisȱandȱaccumulatedȱ bedȱloadȱ(sand,ȱgravel,ȱandȱcobbles)ȱthroughȱaȱsmallȱdiversionȱimpoundment.ȱȱȱ O&Mȱ operatingȱandȱmaintenanceȱ OMR&Rȱ operating,ȱmaintenance,ȱrepair,ȱandȱreplacementȱ PCEȱ PowerȱCostȱEqualizationȱProgramȱ PDOȱ pacificȱ decadalȱ oscillation.ȱȱAȱ climateȱ phenomenonȱ similarȱ toȱ theȱ ‘Elȱ Ninoȱ /ȱ Laȱ Nina’ȱclimateȱfluctuationsȱinȱtheȱequatorialȱPacificȱOcean.ȱȱTheȱPDOȱisȱsituatedȱinȱ theȱnorthȱPacific,ȱandȱfluctuatesȱonȱaȱtimeȱscaleȱofȱaȱfewȱdecades.ȱ P.E.ȱ ProfessionalȱEngineer.ȱȱLicensedȱinȱtheȱStateȱofȱAlaska.ȱ Polarconsultȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱ IȬ3ȱ Plantȱcapacityȱfactorȱ ȱ Theȱ plantȱ capacityȱ factorȱ isȱ theȱ amountȱ ofȱ energyȱ theȱ plantȱ generatesȱ inȱ aȱ yearȱ dividedȱ byȱ theȱ amountȱ ofȱ energyȱ thatȱ wouldȱ beȱ generatedȱ ifȱ theȱ plantȱ couldȱ runȱ atȱ fullȱ outputȱ 100%ȱ ofȱ theȱ time.ȱȱThisȱ numberȱ isȱ lessȱ thanȱ 100%ȱ dueȱ toȱ factorsȱ suchȱ asȱ limitedȱ waterȱ flowȱ duringȱ theȱ winterȱ monthsȱ orȱ systemȱ outagesȱ forȱ repairȱorȱmaintenance.ȱ rpmȱ revolutionsȱperȱminuteȱ SDRȱ standardȱdimensionȱratioȱ sq.mi.ȱ Squareȱmileȱ USFSȱ U.S.ȱȱForestȱServiceȱ USGSȱ U.S.ȱȱGeologicalȱSurveyȱ Vȱȱ voltȱ BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APPENDIXȱJȱ ȱ APPROPRIATEȱTECHNOLOGYȱREPORT:ȱHYDROELECTRICȱSYSTEMȱ ATȱBURROȱCREEKȱȱ (GENEȱRICHARDS,ȱ1982) BurroȱCreekȱHoldings,ȱLLCȱ BurroȱCreekȱHydroelectricȱStudyȱȱ ȱ PolarconsultȱAlaska,ȱInc.ȱ ȱ ȱ Novemberȱ2011ȱ–ȱFinalȱReportȱ ȱȱ !!"# $% &'() '$#*$&+$*$&,&-+..&*'$&+& !"# #$# % & !"# #$ !'())*)+ *),- + .*//+0,12*. ! 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