HomeMy WebLinkAboutIgiugig Kvichak RISEC Interim Site Characteristics Report - Oct 2011 - REF Grant 2195466
KVICHAK RIVER RISEC PROJECT
Resource Reconnaissance &
Physical Characterization
(Interim Report)
Kvichak River, vicinity of Igiugig, Alaska
October 3, 2011
Version 1.0
Prepared for:
Prepared by:
TerraSond Ltd.
1617 S. Industrial Way, Suite 3
Palmer, AK 99645
Phone: (907) 715-8144
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ϭ͘Ϭ' K ^zΘEs/'d/KE͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϭ
1.1ESTABLISHING THE GEODETIC NETWORK͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϯ
1.1.1Monument IGIUGIG HK-1 2011͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϯ
1.1.2Monument IGIUGIG HK-2 2011͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϯ
1.1.3Monument IGIUGIG HK-3 2011͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϰ
1.1.4Monument IGIUGIG HK-4 2011͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϰ
1.1.5Monument IGIUGIG HK-V 2011͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϱ
1.2NAVIGATION͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϲ
1.3TERRESTRIAL SURVEY͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϳ
1.4BENCHMARK LEVELS͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϳ
1.5RIVER GRADIENT͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϭͲϴ
Ϯ͘Ϭ,zZK'ZW,z͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϬ
2.1ACQUISITION OF HYDROGRAPHIC DATA͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϭ
2.1.1ACQUISITION OF MULTIBEAM DATA͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϮ
2.2HYDROGRAPHIC PROCESSING͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϯ
2.2.1APPLICATION OF CONTROL INFORMATION͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϯ
2.2.2MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER PROCESSING͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϯ
2.2.3VESSEL EDITOR͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϰ
2.2.4RAW DATA CONVERSION͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϰ
2.2.5NAVIGATION EDITOR͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϱ
2.2.6ATTITUDE EDITOR͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϱ
2.2.7SOUND VELOCITY EDITOR͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϱ
2.2.8GPS TIDE COMPUTATION AND MERGE͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϱ
2.2.9SUBSET EDITOR͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϲ
2.2.10CARIS BASE SURFACES͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϲ
2.3HYDROGRAPHIC PRODUCTS͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϳ
2.3.1BATHYMETRIC DEM GRIDDED DATASET AND IMAGERY͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϳ
2.3.2BATHYMETRIC CONTOURS͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϵ
2.3.3OBSTRUCTION IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϵ
2.4IMPORTANT NOTE͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϮͲϭϵ
ϯ͘Ϭ,zZK</E d/^͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯͲϮϮ
3.1ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯͲϮϯ
3.2ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF MOVING BOTTOM TEST͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯͲϮϰ
3.3ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF CURRENT MAGNITUDE IMAGERY͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϯͲϮϰ
ϰ͘ϬKE>h^/KE^Θ&hdhZ Z KDD Ed/KE^͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰͲϮϳ
4.1RISEC SITE SIX͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰͲϮϵ
4.2RISEC SITE NINE͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰͲϯϭ
4.3RISEC SITE TEN͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘͘ϰͲϯϯ
TABLE OF APPENDICES
A GRAPHIC CHARTS AND DRAWINGS
B CURRENT MAGNITUDE IMAGES
C DVD – RAW AND PROCESSED DATA (INCOMPETE FOR INTERIM REPORT)
D FLEDERMAUS DIGITAL PRESENTATION (INCOMPETE FOR INTERIM REPORT)
LIST OF TABLES
Table One Igiugig Control Monumentation 1-1
Table Two River Level Observations 1-8
Table Three River gradient as observed on 6/12/2011 from 15:47-18:53 (AKDT) 1-8
Table Four Technical information for the R2Sonic 2024 MBES 2-12
LIST OF GRAPHICS
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RISEC Hydrokinetic Site Characterization Study
PROJECT NO 2011-022
i SEPTEMBER 2011
PROJECT SUMMARY
During the summer field season in 2011, TerraSond Ltd. (TerraSond) mobilized under contract
with Alaska Energy and Engineering (AE&E) for the Village of Igiugig, Alaska. The contract
specified the recording, processing, analysis, and presentation of remotely sensed data. The
purpose of this effort was to identify potential prospects for harvesting river current for
conversion to electricity. This study included the establishment of persistent geodetic control,
reconnaissance for current flow, discharge measurements, river gradient measurement, a high
density bathymetric survey, and an analysis of this information evaluating the physical character
of the Kvichak River RISEC Project environment. The reconnaissance area encompassed
8,432,153.89 ft2 of the Kvichak River in the vicinity of Igiugig, Alaska.
TerraSond mobilized to Igiugig for three unique expeditions. Phase I occurred June 9-13, 2011
and established the Geodetic Network and Control Monuments needed for repeatable
measurements within the project area. Phase II occurred June 21-26, 2011 and accomplished
the low discharge hydrokinetic current reconnaissance. TerraSond was additionally contracted
for Phase III as an expansion of the reconnaissance range down river from Igiugig seeking
additional candidate turbine sites on August 25-29, 2011 (initiated by new information regarding
the extent of the Igiugig power infrastructure). The expedition to site during Phase III also
provided an opportunity for mid-discharge measurements at the candidate turbine sites
previously identified during Phase II. Although, not originally planned to be acquired during the
Phase III expedition, the high density bathymetric survey presented in this study was reacquired
during the Phase III Expedition at a river discharge of 544 m3/s.
The vessel used for all operations was the 18 ft aluminum Lowe vessel provided by the Village
of Igiugig. The geophysical instrumentation deployed during this project included a pole-
mounted R2Sonic multibeam echosounder (MBES), a pole-mounted 1200 kHz Workhorse
Monitor Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), a pole-mounted Marsh McBirney Current
Velocimeter, traditional leveling survey equipment, and various global positioning systems
(GPS).
This project required an acquisition strategy which would establish the original baseline
measurements used to initiate a physical character description of the Kvichak River RISEC
Project. TerraSond established a repeatable measurement space for the project by establishing,
measuring, and calculating a well defined geodetic network. TerraSond established five new
monuments (HK-1, HK-2, HK-3, HK-4, HK-V). Monuments were simultaneously measured and
included no less than three measurements for all network calculations. The geodetic space was
founded on a fully constrained network adjustment which held Continuously Operating
Reference Stations [CORS: AC27MNEIL PID DM7487 (L1 PID DM7488),
KINGSALMONAK2006 AC24 PID DL7656 (L1 PID 7657), and ILIAMNAHPAK2006 AB22 PID
DL6678 (L1 PID DL6679)]. Final network adjustments utilized precise ephemeris for the all
positions detailed within this report.
RISEC Hydrokinetic Site Characterization Study
PROJECT NO 2011-022
ii SEPTEMBER 2011
All terrestrial and hydrographic acquisition was referenced to a primary GPS base station
established at HK-1 by receiving the distribution of GPS RTK corrections. All raw data was
acquired based upon the precisely processed base station at monument HK-1 and therefore no
horizontal offset is required. The data acquired between June and August, 2011was acquired on
the NAVD88 ellipsoid and does require the vertical offset of ǻz = Elevation: -25.000 m to be
applied in order to bring the data up to newly defined Project Vertical Datum.
TerraSond executed a detailed investigation to recover monumentation from the historic USGS
River Gage Station 15300500, however, no monumentation was recovered which could directly
link this Project Vertical Datum to the historic River Gage Station. Vertical migration of Zproject =
[ZEllipsoid - 25.000 m] will be necessary in order to correctly transition the raw data collected this
summer to the local project datum established by TerraSond, 11RISECVD. For future
measurements, if referencing HK-1 with the Project Vertical Datum elevation used in base
station positioning, no migration will be necessary in order to acquire all scientific
measurements in the appropriate Project Space.
The physical and digital deliverables from this effort include:
• Comprehensive Interim Report (Ver 1.x, September 2011)
• Plan View Chart (Ver. 1.x, September 2011)
• Comprehensive 3D Fledermaus Interactive Presentation (Ver 1.x, October 2011)
• Bathymetric Surface (Ver 2.0, August, 2011)
• Calculated River Gradient (June, 2011)
• River Discharge Measurements (June, 2011, August, 2011, & October, 2011)
• Current Magnitude Transects (Version 1.x March 23, 2010)
• Riverbed Sediment Transport Measurements (June 2011, August 2011, & October 2011)
• Comprehensive Report (Ver. 1.x, December, 2011)
A high density MBES survey was designed to establish the foundation for all charting products.
The bathymetric acquisition plan was designed to inform AE&E about the geomorphology of the
river, facilitate project planning, and to enable future modeling efforts. The MBES product was
intended to be used as a baseline measurement for the riverbed and needed to be of precise
quality in order to be useable for future comparisons. Geologic interpretation and object
detection were beyond the scope of the project, however, the river bed bathymetry
measurements where designed to produce a surface approximating 0.06 m vertical precision
and a mean horizontal resolution of 1.0 m. Full ensonification of the riverbed was not a realistic
goal for this project due to the constraints of swath width on the shorelines and shoal areas
within the project area, so interpolation was necessary for holiday events in order to accomplish
a contiguous riverbed surface.
Due to a beam forming issue resulting an unexpected acoustic response from the riverine
environment, TerraSond believes that we were unsuccessful in accomplishing the level of
precision desired for this MBES product during the June, 2011 MBES survey. TerraSond
returned to the project site in August, 2011 and accomplished a resurvey of the project area with
RISEC Hydrokinetic Site Characterization Study
PROJECT NO 2011-022
iii SEPTEMBER 2011
an R2Sonic 2024 MBES. This August surface appropriately reflects the precision that was
originally desired for the project.
This report represents the interim product for the cumulative 2011 efforts. It contains
descriptions of the sensor acquisition methodology, processing path, and quality assurance
techniques as exercised by TerraSond. It will also generalize specific information regarding data
analysis, interpretation, and product dependencies for each dataset during the finalized product
development.
The final products have been generated to maximize the usefulness with information published
by United States Geological Survey (USGS) and other governmental agencies. All final products
are relative to Alaska State Plane, zone 5 (USFT), as positioned in reference to the North
American Datum (NAD83).
TerraSond interprets very little topographic change beyond the general geomorphology of the
thalweg. The deepest point (N59° 19 27.831, W155° 54 55.031) measured during the 2011
MBES survey was measured to be at 5.271 m (17.29 USFT) below the Project Vertical Datum,
19.729 m (64.73 USFT) above the ellipsoid, and 6.371 m below the water surface (valid only for
equivalent river stage as experienced during this survey). Even though this generally a shallow
river, large areas of peak flow remain compliant with many turbine design requirements within
this project area.
Although obstruction classification and identification was beyond the scope of this project, the
project area is not free of obstructions. Both Danger to Navigation (DtoN) and Hazard for
Construction (HforC) were identified within the project area. DtoN and HforC are listed in an
obstruction table.
In addition, the high density bathymetric surface provides the ability to quantify areas for
roughage estimation for future modeling efforts. Boulder-sized objects are common through
extensive reaches of the riverbed. Texture variations between cobbles, sand wave formation,
and fine sand sediments are obvious at appropriate exaggeration levels within the processing
software if future project requirements need sediment classification or detailed texture attributes
for modeling computations.
Four transect measurements were acquired at Station 5 during Discharge Measurements. The
Total Discharge (QTotal) was calculated to be 332 m3/s (11,735.5 ft3/s) on June 21, 2011 during
the second expedition. Total Discharge (QTotal) was calculated to be 544 m3/s (19,211.1 ft3/s) on
August 27, 2011 during the third expedition.
TerraSond imaged flow distribution in the form of transect profiles along 18 Station locations
across the Kvichak River. These images communicate the distribution of current magnitude.
The imagery was organized to help describe the character of the current flow through the
prospect and help to identify candidate turbine site prospects. The maximum currents varied in
distribution along each transect. TerraSond has identified three locations that are good
RISEC Hydrokinetic Site Characterization Study
PROJECT NO 2011-022
iv SEPTEMBER 2011
candidate sites for hydrokinetic power conversion and we recommend these areas in the vicinity
of Station 6, Station 9, and Station 10 -11 for potential Hydrokinetic development.
All riverine environments are dynamic systems, however, the hydrokinetic information reveals a
static riverbed with low sediment transport throughout the survey area during non-peak
discharge river stages. Repeated measurements at specific Hydrokinetic Stations (Stations 5, 6,
& 9) have allowed for a preliminary evaluation of the stability for the peak flow regime. This
preliminary evaluation indicates low potential for significant meandering of the peak flow and we
expect very slow migration of the regime.
The current flow within the project area was found to be advantageous for hydrokinetic power
conversion development and recommends further development of specific sites for the purpose
of hydrokinetic power conversion.
TerraSond finds no significant man-made infrastructure, geographic, or geologic obstruction
which would preclude this site from future development for hydrokinetic power conversion
activity. Although obstructions and warning zones exist within the project boundaries, it is the
opinion of TerraSond that no obstacles were identified that cannot be avoided, remediated, or
otherwise overcome through skillful engineering.
RISEC Hydrokinetic Site Characterization Study
PROJECT NO 2011-022
1-1 OCTOBER 2011
1.0 GEODESY & NAVIGATION
Graphic A - Local Geodetic Network for the Kvichak River RISEC Project
TerraSond was contracted to establish a persistent geodetic network that spanned the area of
the Kvichak River RISEC Project. The purpose of this control network of monuments was to
ensure spatial consistency during long term repeatable measurements in the vicinity of the
project site and to facilitate the project during installation and recovery operations. TerraSond
used a fully constrained solution which included eight (8) monuments. Three distant CORS
stations were fully constrained and five local monuments were established (HK-1, HK-2, HK-3,
HK-4, & HK-V) and adjusted to best fit the measurements recorded during this expedition. The
final computations for each monument were based upon precise ephemeris.
Table One Igiugig Control Monumentation
The control network measurements were made while referencing WGS84, UTM, zone 5, and
while referencing the vertical datum of WGS84 (NAVD88) ellipsoid. TerraSond was directed to
establish a vertical datum which was meaningful in terms of depth for the river which was
approximately 25.7 meters below the river stage during the Phase 1 expedition. TerraSond was
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RISEC Hydrokinetic Site Characterization Study
PROJECT NO 2011-022
1-2 OCTOBER 2011
directed to match the datum established by the USGS River Gage Station 15300500 which
operated from January 1, 1968 - January 1, 1987 to ensure continuity with legacy data if this
datum could be recovered.
TerraSond attempted to recover any historic monumentation remaining from the USGS River
Gage Station 15300500. TerraSond interviewed USGS personnel, reviewed all available
documentation, and interviewed retired personnel who had documented the river gage station
during its operation. Although significant effort was placed upon this goal, no infrastructure was
recovered and no connection to the historic datum could be identified. TerraSond believes that
all infrastructure from the historic river gage has been lost through time and eroded by the
elements.
TerraSond established a new vertical project datum at the project site to help conceptualize
depth and facilitate a new river stage measurement structure. This vertical datum named 2011
Project Vertical Datum (11RISECVD). 11RISECVD is a theoretical horizon 25 m vertically
shifted above the NAVD88 ellipsoid. 11RISECVD is centered upon HK-1; however, TerraSond
believes that this minimally defined horizon is appropriate through the small project area. This
elevation is unlikely to ever be above river stage, nor is this elevation likely to ever be below the
river bottom within the main river channel within the project area.
Graphic B - Project Vertical Datum Relationship
RISEC Hydrokinetic Site Characterization Study
PROJECT NO 2011-022
1-3 OCTOBER 2011
Vertical Constituents (+Z is up):
Ellipsoid to HK-1 = 31.215 m
HK-1 to 11RISECVD = -6.215 m
11RISECVD to Ellipsoid = -25.000 m
Every point measured with terrestrial survey, every monument position, every point in the
processed multibeam surface, and each georeferenced image has been manually or bulk
shifted to 11RISECVD space in order to maintain the standard described above.
TerraSond recommends that future work reference one of the five (5) monuments discussed in
this report when acquiring future persistent measurements and monitoring efforts to ensure
data compatibility and agreement.
1.1 ESTABLISHING THE GEODETIC NETWORK
1.1.1 Monument IGIUGIG HK-1 2011
The primary project monument is HK-1. This monument was established by TerraSond in 2011
during the Phase I expedition. HK-1 was installed near the Barge Landing near a well-defined
traffic area. It was placed in the gravel substrate for stability and accessibility for future crews.
The monument consisting of a ¾”x 36” rebar with a domed 3 ¼” aluminum cap stamped
“IGIUGIG HK-1 2011” (HK-1) set 0.4’ below grade in a grassy section. It is located on the side of
a knoll, in the grass between the upper parking area and the lower staging area for barge and
boat traffic.
Graphic C - Monument HK-1
HK-1 was used as the source for all positional RTK corrections distributed by the base station
GPS receiver.
1.1.2 Monument IGIUGIG HK-2 2011
TerraSond established the geodetic monument HK-2 as a 3 ¼” domed aluminum cap marked
“IGIUGIG HK-2 2011” (HK-2) on ¾”x 36” rebar set 0.4’ below grade. It is located downhill from
the west fence corner of the electric plant. This monument was included in the geodetic network
solution.
RISEC Hydrokinetic Site Characterization Study
PROJECT NO 2011-022
1-4 OCTOBER 2011
Graphic D - Location of Monument HK-2
1.1.3 Monument IGIUGIG HK-3 2011
TerraSond established the geodetic monument “IGIUGIG HK-3 2011” (HK-3) on ¾”x 36” rebar
as a 3 ¼” aluminum cap set 0.4’ below grade. It is set at the north reaches of the project area,
near the mouth of the Kvichak River flowing from Lake Illiamna, on the south side of the river
bank, at the base of a knoll with two bearing trees. This monument was included in the geodetic
network solution.
Graphic E - Location of Monument HK-3
1.1.4 Monument IGIUGIG HK-4 2011
TerraSond established the geodetic monument “IGIUGIG HK-4 2011” (HK-4) as a ½” x 4’ (total
of 8’) steel drive rod set with a bullet head at grade. It is located at the furthest southwest portion
of the planned project area, in the east side of the river bank, on a knoll between two bearing
trees. This monument was included in the geodetic network solution.
RISEC Hydrokinetic Site Characterization Study
PROJECT NO 2011-022
1-5 OCTOBER 2011
Graphic F - Location of Monument HK-4
1.1.5 Monument IGIUGIG HK-V 2011
“IGIUGIG HK-V 2011” (HK-V) is composed of 4 sections of ½”x 4’ (total of 16’) steel drive rod
with a bullet head center threaded at the top set 0.2’ below grade. The drive rod is in the vicinity
of HK-1, on the east shoulder of the road leading from the school to the Barge Landing, at the
top of the small hill. A group of medium sized rocks with one large rock were set around and
over the monument for protection.
This monument is established near to HK-1 and was established as a persistent check point for
recovery of the remaining monumentation when necessary and as future base station quality
checks.
Graphic G - Location of Monument HK-V
Each monument or location was simultaneously measured with no less than two additional
monuments being recorded.
On June 13, 2011 the raw geodetic information was received by the TerraSond Survey
Department for processing. The data was processed for a short term result and then again, after
precise ephemeris was available. The data was finalized and the each monument position was
established on June 29, 2011.
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Graphic H - Example of GPS unit being set up to measure the position of a control monument
Geodetic positions were processed by using the following CORS stations as fixed:
• AC27MNEIL PID DM7487 (L1 PID DM7488)
• KINGSALMONAK2006 AC24 PID DL7656 (L1 PID 7657)
• ILIAMNAHPAK2006 AB22 PIDDL6678 (L1 PID DL6679)
1.2 NAVIGATION
All vessel navigation was processed and distributed by Coda Octopus F-185. The Coda
Octopus F-185 records GPS position, heading, and orientation. The distribution is a processed
vessel trajectory. The vessel navigation and orientation was recorded in Hysweep during MBES
acquisition operations and WinRiver II during ADCP acquisition operations.
RTK corrections were used for vessel navigation and recorded as the positioning for all sensors
utilized during this survey. This can be a more precise system of measurement than
uncorrected GPS and is expected to significantly increase accuracy. This system utilizes the
additional information of the carrier signal, and, when properly processed, will include the
Carrier-Phase Enhancement in the final position.
RTK uses the GPS satellite's carrier as its signal, not the messages contained within. The
improvement possible using this signal is over a thousand times as fast as a typical GPS
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receiver. This corresponds to a 1% accuracy of 19 cm using the L1 signal, and 24 cm using the
lower frequency L2 signal. When the two signals are correctly aligned, the generally accepted
error estimation is 20 cm. RTK corrections were transmitted to the vessel navigation and
recorded by the acquisition software during all survey activity.
TerraSond used the precise ephemeris calculation of HK-1 (as referenced to NAVD88 ellipsoid)
for the base station location during the broadcasting of the RTK correctors. This base station
value was correct per the post-processed geodetic network result for HK-1, however, while
referenced to the non-project-specific vertical datum. TerraSond accounted for the migration of
the data sets for all products distributed with this report to 11RISECVD.
1.3 TERRESTRIAL SURVEY
The terrestrial survey measurements were accomplished utilizing a Leica GX1230+ GNSS GPS
receiver fixed to a variable-height staff. All data acquisition was accomplished while receiving
RTK position corrections from the base station. The positions were evaluated with Leica Geo
Office (LGO) version 7.0 and translated into RINEX for processing in Trimble Geomatics Office
Ver. 1.63.
Graphic I - Terrestrial Surveyor trekking to next geodetic network measurement
1.4 BENCHMARK LEVELS
The geodetic network was established upon GPS measurements; however, the vertical
relationship between the monuments was confirmed by conducting traditional optical benchmark
level loops. Closed differential level loops run with a Leica NA2 differential level were utilized to
determine elevation gain/loss between monuments and to monitor the slope of the river over the
project area. The rise and fall of the river during data collection for static control was also
monitored with closed differential level loops daily at established monument HK-1. The table
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below shows the Alaska Daylight Savings Time (AKDT), date and location of the water level
observation (referencing NAVD88).
Time (AKDT) Date Location Observed Water Level (m)
1823 6/10/2011 HK-1 25.910
1822 6/11/2011 HK-1 25.920
1547 6/12/2011 HK-4 25.110
1651 6/12/2011 HK-3 26.294
1827 6/12/2011 HK-2 26.070
1853 6/12/2011 HK-1 25.900
Table Two River Level Observations
1.5 RIVER GRADIENT
Two types of river level measurements were accomplished for this project. Both differential level
loops from each monument and additionally GPS water level shots under RTK correction
conditions were accomplished tying local traditional survey space and NAVD88 space together.
The over-all river gradient throughout the project was gathered by closed differential level loops
from the set monuments (top to bottom of project area) HK-3, HK-2, HK-1 and at the most-
downstream point for the planned project area at HK-4. The overall river elevation change along
the water surface as observed on June 12, 2011 was 1.184 m (upstream to downstream).
FROM TO DELTA
HK-3 HK-2 -0.224
HK-2 HK-1 -0.170
HK-1 HK-4 -0.790
Table Three River gradient as observed on 6/12/2011 from 15:47-18:53 (AKDT)
All vertical values measured by differential levels are based on HK-1, holding 31.215 m as the
NAVD88 ellipsoidal height.
The RTK GPS water level shots were also acquired along the shorelines along the hydrokinetic
transect stations. Both shorelines were acquired and a delta between elevations for each station
is available from the data. A least squared average gradient has been processed for both
shorelines to demonstrate the river gradient through the project area. This result has been
accomplished to help inform future modeling efforts.
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The river gradient for the left shore (from Station X to X) was found to be: XX/XX
The river gradient for the right shore (from Station X to X) was found to be: XX/XX
That the mean river gradient (from Station X to X) was found to be: XX/XX
THESE RESULTS WILL BE AVAILABLE IN THE FINAL REPORT
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2.0 HYDROGRAPHY
Graphic J - Image of contours generated from the MBES survey for the Kvichak River RISEC Project
TerraSond was tasked with the responsibility of acquiring, processing, and presenting remotely
sensed geophysical measurements of the Kvichak River RISEC Project area along the Kvichak
River near Igiugig, AK. The survey area encompassed 8,432,153.89 ft2 of the Kvichak River.
Data was gathered to better describe the physical character of the site for the purpose of
evaluating Hydrokinetic Power Conversion potential.
The vessel used for all operations was the 18 ft aluminum Lowe vessel provided by the Village
of Igiugig . The geophysical instrumentation deployed included a pole mounted R2Sonic 2024
multibeam echosounder (MBES) and all navigation was recorded with RTK corrected geodetic
positioning distributed by a Leica GPS base station and received by a Coda Octopus F-185.
Motion and Yaw were processed and distributed by a Coda Octopus F-185 Inertial Navigation
System. The crew consisted of the project Lead Hydrographer and one Survey Technician. The
survey vessel of opportunity mobilization took place on the river bank in Igiugig, AK.
Initially, TerraSond intended to measure the bathymetry of the river during the Phase II
expedition to the project site. However, after extensive internal review, TerraSond determined
that the quality of the data recorded was substandard. TerraSond acquired additional
bathymetric riverbed measurements during the Phase III expedition. This Phase III data set is
the source of all bathymetric data discussed within this document.
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Graphic K - 18’ Lowe River Craft mobilized as a multibeam survey platform
Phase III MBES acquisition was accomplished August 27-29, 2011. TerraSond acquired a
precise high density bathymetric data set that could be used as a base DEM surface for multiple
products. The project goals for the MBES data set were to determine the geomorphology of the
riverbed, a reference baseline surface for future comparisons, a surface for 1D - 3D numerical
modeling, and an obstruction detection program. Geologic interpretation was beyond the scope
of this project, however, the data set is informative for geologic interpretation and the dataset
should be referenced when this interpretation is required.
2.1 ACQUISITION OF HYDROGRAPHIC DATA
Graphic L - R2Sonic 2024 Multibeam Echosounder Sonar
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2.1.1 ACQUISITION OF MULTIBEAM DATA
The Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) calibration and acquisition of main scheme MBES data
occurred on August 27-29, 2011. TerraSond acquired bathymetric point data with R2Sonic 2024
Multibeam Echosounder sonar and recorded that information using Hypack Integrated
Acquisition Software. A Valeport Acoustic Velocimeter was used to measure the near field
speed of sound at the sonar face. An additional Odom Digibar Pro acoustic velocimeter was
used to measure the speed of sound throughout the water column by manual casts performed
intermittently throughout the survey effort. During both surveys the water column was measured
to be well mixed and of homogenous temperature.
The MBES Calibration test accounts and corrects for electronic timing errors, roll, pitch, and yaw
bias. TerraSond accomplished the MBES calibration acquisition according to the industry
standards.
Multibeam Echosounder
S P E C I F I C A T I O N S
Sonar Type R2Sonic 2024
Sonar Operation Frequency 200-400 kHz
Beam Width, Across Track 0.5°
Beam Width, Along Track 1.0°
Number of Beams 255
Swath Coverage 10° - 160°
Max Ping Rate 20 pings per second
Table Four Technical information for the R2Sonic 2024 MBES
TerraSond performed a calibration of the MBES using radio corrections broadcast from the HK-
1 base station over a Lake Illiamna bed feature.
The 200 kHz acoustic data was acquired along the topography of the thalweg contours
throughout the main scheme survey area with irregular line spacing resulting in 74 main scheme
survey lines. This bathymetric project resulted in a full ensonification of the river bed. Significant
swath overlap endured for a confident interpretation of the riverbed. Sound velocity
measurements were accomplished by manual cast and measured the entire water column
during MBES operations.
Non-systematic line acquisition was exercised in the shallow portions of the river in an attempt
to achieve maximum coverage and reduce holidays as the swath area geometry decreased.
All vessel position and attitude were calculated with a Coda Octopus F-185 (F-185). The Coda
Octopus F-185 consists of two GPS antenna and an inertial motion unit (IMU). The GPS
antennas have a primary (L1/L2) antenna and an additional secondary antenna (L1) co-located
no less than 1 m apart creating a fine baseline. The F-185 IMU was co-located on the Village of
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Igiugig 18’ Lowe on the MBES pole arm. The trajectory of the vessel was computed by the F-
185 and recorded by the acquisition software.
The RTK-corrected GPS navigation was recorded and displayed in Hypack during vessel
operations. The offsets and lever arms associated with the primary GPS phase center and the
IMU were computed within Hypack and referenced to the vessel Central Reference Point (CRP)
of Village of Igiugig 18’ Lowe pole arm.
Offsets from CRP to Sonar Acoustic Center of the MBES were computed in Hypack and a real-
time acoustic coverage was computed and displayed for the survey crew.
2.2 HYDROGRAPHIC PROCESSING
TerraSond exercises a systematic methodology regarding data transfer from the field,
processing, editing, and the development of hydrographic products. This rigorous protocol
ensures product integrity throughout the processing path.
Prior to processing, the entire field project was uploaded to our server system and included in
the regular twice/day backup and daily replication scheme. The data was distributed and
organized by the Processing Department prior to further development.
2.2.1 APPLICATION OF CONTROL INFORMATION
On June, 13 2009, the TerraSond Survey Department in Palmer, AK received the raw
Terrestrial Survey data. The Base station established on HK-1 utilized a fixed post-processed
position during the broadcast of GPS corrections which referenced the WGS84 (NAVD88)
Ellipsoid datum. For this reason all raw data acquired under RTK conditions was referenced to a
non-project specific vertical datum within the acquisition software. This methodology is a
commonly practiced technique and resulted in no loss of final processed data precision. The
associated navigational error was consistent, systematic, and recoverable.
All survey records required the assumed position error to be compensated for through a global
position shift for all points measured. The vertical (WGS84) position was shifted to the
11RISECVD position during the data processing phase of the study. The data for each survey
was then migrated as a consistent delta shift of 25 m vertically to achieve the project specific
datum.
2.2.2 MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER PROCESSING
The MBES calibration (commonly called a “Patch Test”) acquired on August 27, 2011 was
processed for the identification of temporal latency and MBES orientation errors. This process
was repeated on August 29, 2011 approximately midway through the survey. This effort was
accomplished using the Caris HIPS and SIPS calibration tool and the correction values were
entered into vessel configuration file for CARIS Hydrographic Information Processing System
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(HIPS) version 7.1. The results from both calibrations were in agreement indicating no changes
in the orientation of the sonar during the survey and attesting to the stability of the improvised
survey vessel-of-opportunity configuration.
On August 30, 2011 the TerraSond Processing Department in Palmer, AK received the raw
MBES data and associated acquisition records for final processing. HIPS version 7.1 was used
for all data processing and adjustments necessary to produce final bathymetric products. The
Caris HIPS workflow is designed to ensure that all edits and corrections made to the raw data
and all computations performed with the data followed a specific order and were saved
separately from the raw data to maintain the integrity of the raw acquisition data. TerraSond
uses well defined procedures during HIPS processing; all actions are tracked to ensure that no
steps are omitted or performed out of sequence.
2.2.3 VESSEL EDITOR
The first component of the HIPS processing workflow requires establishment of a framework in
which recorded navigation, vessel motion, raw (unprocessed) depths and vessel draft are
referenced to a common position. The HIPS Vessel Editor is an application used for viewing and
editing the position and calibration of sensors installed on the vessel. This information is stored
in the HIPS Vessel File (HVF). The HVF is divided into a number of distinct sections, each
describing one type of sensor. The sections are time-tagged and multiple entries can be defined
for different time periods. The HVF is based on a three-dimensional coordinate system which
locates equipment within an X-Y-Z axis using a reference point on the vessel as the point of
origin. The reference point for this survey is co-located with the motion sensor which is installed
at the vessel’s approximate center of gravity; the point at which the least amount of motion is
experienced. The position of the multibeam echosounder transducer as well as the static draft
(waterline) of the vessel is recorded in the HVF with respect to the reference point. Static draft
values were measured on a daily basis for entry in the HVF to track changes in vessel draft
caused by loading and fuel consumption. During data acquisition, RTK GPS positioning was
referenced from the X-Y-Z coordinate of the GPS antenna phase center to the motion sensor
within the vessel coordinate system. All recorded navigation data is referenced to the CRP.
Therefore, the X-Y-Z coordinates of the GPS antenna phase center need not be entered in the
HVF.
2.2.4 RAW DATA CONVERSION
CARIS HIPS was used to create a folder structure organized by the project, vessel, and Julian
day to store data. Raw MBES data was converted from its native Hypack format, *.hsx files, into
CARIS HIPS using the CARIS conversion wizard module. The wizard was used to create a
directory for each line separating the *.hsx files into sub-files which contain individual sensor
information. All data entries were referenced using the time associated with the *.hsx file to
relate the navigation, azimuth, heave, pitch, roll, and slant range sensor files.
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2.2.5 NAVIGATION EDITOR
Navigation data was reviewed using the CARIS Navigation Editor. The review consists of a
visual inspection of plotted fixes noting any navigation gaps in the data. Additionally, vessel
speed, distance between navigation fixes and course made good are examined for anomalies. If
any anomalies are detected, the processor may choose to reject or interpolate the affected
areas. The data in this project displayed no anomalies with respect to navigation.
2.2.6 ATTITUDE EDITOR
Attitude data was reviewed using the HIPS Attitude Editor. The review consists of a visual
inspection of the heave, pitch, roll and GPS (ellipsoidal) height which are displayed
simultaneously in a graphical representation using a common x-axis scaled by time. The
Attitude Editor, like the Navigation Editor, is used to identify anomalies and has the ability to
interpolate or reject the affected areas. The data in this project displayed no anomalies with
respect to attitude.
2.2.7 SOUND VELOCITY EDITOR
Each sound velocity profile, or cast, was examined using the HIPS Sound Velocity Editor for
potential outliers prior to its application in HIPS. Erroneous sound velocity changes will cause a
concave or convex distribution of soundings. This artifact is caused by the sound velocity
correction required for the outer beam forming computation. The data in this project displayed
no anomalies with respect to sound velocity.
The sound speed adjustment in HIPS uses slant range data, applies motion correctors to
determine launch angles, and adjusts for range and ray-bending resulting in a sound speed-
corrected observed-depths file. It is recommended that sound velocity correction be executed
before cleaning the data. The Kvichak River is a well mixed water body and after a sufficient
number of full water column casts, TerraSond used the surface measurements at the transducer
face to determine sound velocity throughout the water column.
2.2.8 GPS TIDE COMPUTATION AND MERGE
Upon review of navigation, attitude, and sound velocity, the vessel positioning was converted
from of ellipsoidal heights to water level and subsequently to the final 11RISECVD space. In the
2011 survey, the tide and GPS tide was the variation of the vessel vertical motion from the
position of the base station offset. These processes are referred to as the computation of GPS
Tide and Merge. The full formula for GPS Tide is shown below.
GPS Tide = GPS (ellipsoidal) Height - Datum Height - Heave - Waterline Offset
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Where:
• GPS height = RTK ellipsoidal heights referenced to the vessel RP
• Heave = time-tagged measurements of the vessel’s vertical motion recorded by the motion
sensor and referenced to the vessel RP
• Waterline offset = time-tagged waterline levels referenced to the vessel RP and measured daily
by the Hydrographer
• Datum Height: The distance from the ellipsoid to project datum (11RISECVD).
Once post-processing of the static GPS network was completed, a shift of 25.00 m was applied
to bring the surface from GPS space (WGS84) to the local 11RISECVD. Merge is the process of
calculating final positions and depths for soundings, based on all relevant inputs such as
observed depths, navigation information, vessel dynamics such as gyro, heave, pitch and roll,
and tide.
2.2.9 SUBSET EDITOR
Following final processing and quality assurance of draft and GPS tide applications, several
area-based editing processes in CARIS HIPS Subset Editor were performed during the office
review of survey soundings. During subset editing, the processor was presented with two and
three-dimensional views of the soundings and a moveable bounding box to restrict the number
of soundings being reviewed. Using the two-dimensional window, soundings were viewed from
the south (looking north), from the west (looking east) and in plan view (looking down). These
perspectives, as well as controlling the size and position of the bounding box, allowed the
operator to compare lines, view features from different angles, measure features, query
soundings and change sounding status flags. Soundings were also examined in the three-
dimensional window that could be rotated on any plane. Vertical exaggeration was increased as
required to amplify trends or features. While HIPS does not allow for the deletion of any
sounding, spurious soundings (noise) were flagged as rejected during subset editing. Soundings
flagged as rejected are excluded from any final bathymetric product yet preserved in the data for
future reference.
2.2.10 CARIS BASE SURFACES
The CARIS HIPS Bathymetry Associated with Statistical Error (BASE) Surface is a 3D, geo-
referenced image of a multi-attributed, digital terrain model. To build a BASE surface, HIPS
assigns a set of gridded nodes at user-defined spacing and bounding coordinates. Each grid
node is assigned a depth value based on nearby sounding values. All BASE Surfaces use
range weighting to determine how a sounding is applied to a node. Range weighting is based on
distance; soundings close to a node are given greater weight than soundings further away.
Additionally, all BASE surfaces created for this project use a weighting scheme based on a
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beam’s intersection with the river bed; soundings formed by the outer beams are weighted less
in the algorithm than more reliable nadir beams. BASE surfaces can be used to identify areas
requiring further cleaning as well as comprise the final bathymetric product.
Once the sounding dataset was cleaned and all corrections were applied, a 0.5 meter resolution
BASE surface was created for use in development of bathymetric products. Where possible,
points identified to be the shoal point of an object above the ambient river bed interpreted to be
rocks or other anomalous features were designated, exported, and appended to the gridded
DEM surface in order to minimize the height attenuation of obstructions common to surface
generation.
2.3 HYDROGRAPHIC PRODUCTS
All digital hydrographic products for this study are submitted in AutoCAD data format and as a
Fledermaus Scene.
The list of hydrographic products from the 2011 MBES survey is:
• High resolution surface
• Bathymetric Contours
• Obstruction (DtoN and HforC) Identification Table (AVAILABLE IN FINAL REPORT)
2.3.1 BATHYMETRIC DEM GRIDDED DATASET AND IMAGERY
The regular gridded Digital Elevation Model surface is a critical product. This surface is the
foundation for all charting and positioning. It is the reference surface for all future measurements
and studies. This surface was considered in each interpretation and during the generation of all
location positions.
The sole origin for this digital DEM is the Multibeam Echosounder point file. The high density
data from the MBES is often too large to manage by most software suites. TerraSond reduces
the data through the process of surface generation in Caris HIPS software.
There is a small loss of detail that develops as we reduce the data that makes up the surface of
the DEM product. This loss is directly related to the node spacing established in the final
surface. The exact location of loss is not known nor controlled. During regular gridding,
TerraSond will not have control of the data that is reduced. For this reason all values for shoal
obstruction height are conservative and were exported as a shoal-biased grid. For the reasons
stated above, we cannot verify more vertical precision in the DEM obstructions depths finer than
meter precision. The horizontal precision is accurate to 0.5 m and obstruction identification
resolution is 1 m3.
The DEM product grid spacing is 0.5 meter distance.
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Interpolation to fill holidays was necessary at two locations within the 2011 MBES dataset. The
width of the holiday does allow for hidden obstructions to remain unidentified within these two
areas and TerraSond has noted the two holiday locations in the image below.
Graphic M - White Polygons are holidays which were interpolated through for a contiguous river bed surface.
The geodetics for the output file are ASP zone 5, USFT, projected as NAD83. The vertical
dimension (positive axis up) also has meters as its units and is based upon the datum of
11RISECVD centered on the monument position of Igiugig HK-1 2011.
This surface will be included in the Fledermaus Digital Product bundle and distributed on both
the TerraSond FTP site and included in the DVD data distribution which accompanies this report
after Phase IV is complete.
Two images with different color scales have been generated from this DEM. Both represent the
same surface except for the inclusion of the color purple in the spectrum. All images which do
not include the purple in the color scale spectrum are suitable visualization with common 3D
glasses for an enhanced visualization and interpretation by the viewer. The files that included
purple in the color scale spectrum are intended for finer differentiation of depth and digital
distributions, but do not visualize well through 3D glasses.
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Graphic N - Image of 2011 Bathymetric Surface (scaled by depth)
2.3.2 BATHYMETRIC CONTOURS
The bathymetric contour file produced for this study is based upon the bathymetric surface and
was computed in AutoCAD. The contour line interval is 2 ft.
2.3.3 OBSTRUCTION IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
OBSTRUCTION IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION WILL BE AVAILABLE IN THE FINAL REPORT.
2.4 IMPORTANT NOTE
TerraSond understands that the information gathered for this project is intended to facilitate the
planning of river construction projects and that our data may contribute to safe river operations.
This data is not to be used for navigational purposes. This data should not be used to replace
any publication distributed by NOAA, USACE, USGS, or the Department of Transportation nor
does TerraSond assume any responsibility for safe navigation or safe riverine operations. The
distributions of any obstruction data recorded during August, 2011 may or may not contain
valuable information regarding vessel navigation.
For that reason, TerraSond recommends avoiding contact locations where navigation may be at
risk, but does not guarantee that additional unobserved or uninterpreted hazards are not within
the boundaries of this project. TerraSond does not guarantee that interpreted obstructions are
persistent or that potential obstructions will be present at a future date. Natural/manmade
hazards in this project area are dynamic and are known to be spatially transitory.
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The use of products provided by TerraSond is only valid for the moment of acquisition and all
forecasts, assumptions, or logical conclusions are wholly the responsibility of the user. The use
of such products in conjunction with the products of agencies which are responsible for safe
navigation (i.e. NOAA, DOT, USACE, USCG, etc.) is highly recommended.
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3.0 HYDROKINETICS
Graphic O - Vessel Track lines (purple) with the Marsh McBirney Surface Current Velocimeter measurements (blue).
TerraSond was tasked with the responsibility of acquiring, processing, and presenting remotely
sensed hydrokinetic measurements of the Kvichak River RISEC Project as a reconnaissance for
potential power conversion sites. TerraSond’s Hydrologist selected 18 theoretical lines which
crossed perpendicular to the flow of the Kvichak River to acquire measurements.
The vessel used for all operations was the Village of Igiugig 18’ Lowe. The geophysical
instrumentation deployed during this project included a pole-mounted Teledyne RDI 1200kHz
Sentinel Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). Navigation was processed and
distributed with RTK corrected Coda Octopus F-185 Inertial Navigation System. The
mobilization crew consisted of the project Lead Hydrologist and a Survey Technician. The
survey vessel of opportunity mobilization took place on the river bank in Igiugig, AK.
TerraSond conducted two magnetic calibration tests with the ADCP while in the field during
each expedition. The first test was accomplished free from any external magnetic influences
and the second was accomplished installed on the vessel and while underway (with influences
from both the metallics of the vessel and mount system, as well as the batteries and the boat
motors).
Three types of measurements were acquired with the ADCP during Phase II and Phase III
expeditions. Discharge Measurements record and compute the amount of flow within the
Kvichak River at the time of all other measurements. Moving Bottom Test identifies the
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migration of sediment along the riverbed by measuring the Doppler shift of that sediment. The
Roving Current Velocity Measurement (magnitude and direction) across each of the Transect
Stations identifies the migration of river current through the water column using the same
technology.
3.1 ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT
On June 21, 2011 (Phase II), and again on August 26, 2011 (Phase III), TerraS ond acquired
transect measurements across the Discharge Station (vicinity of Transect Station 05). The
measurement was accomplished in compliance with USGS methodology for discharge
measurements using ADCP sensors. All measurements were within acceptable tolerance. The
software used to acquire and compute the discharge measurement was WinRiver II.
TerraSond acquired the discharge measurements on June 21, 2011. The computed the
discharge was 332 m3/s (11,724.5 ft3/s). No USGS Station exists in the vicinity of this project
and no comparison with published value is available.
Graphic P - Discharge Measurement June 21, 2011
TerraSond acquired the discharge measurements ~ mid-day on August 27, 2011. The
computed the discharge was 544.0 m3/s (19,211.2 ft3/s). No USGS Station exists in the vicinity
of this project and no comparison with published value is available.
Graphic Q - Discharge Measurement August 27, 2011
Station 5
21-Jun-11
Expedition II Discharge at Electric Power Station
Transect Start Bank # Ens. Start Time Total Q Delta Q Top Q Meas. Q Bottom Q Left Q Left Dist. Right Q Right Dist. Width Total Area Q/Area Boat Speed Flow Speed Flow Dir. End Time Duration Start Ens. End Ens. Velocity Depth
m³/s % m³/s m³/s m³/s m³/s m m³/s m m m² m/s m/s m/s Degrees True s Ref. Ref.
PH3C002 Left 111 20:13:00 329 -0.9 115 118 38 19 16 38 38 123 224 1.5 0.7 1.5 286 20:14:43 103 574 684 Ref: BT ADCP
PH3C003 Right 132 20:15:03 334 0.37 119 121 38 19 16 37 38 125 226 1.5 0.7 1.6 285 20:17:06 123 706 837 Ref: BT ADCP
PH3C004 Left 193 20:20:27 335 0.71 121 122 40 15 16 36 38 127 228 1.5 0.4 1.5 284 20:23:26 180 1051 1243 Ref: BT ADCP
PH3C005 Right 149 20:23:57 332 -0.19 119 122 38 17 16 36 38 127 229 1.4 0.6 1.5 285 20:26:16 139 1276 1424 Ref: BT ADCP
Average 146 332 0 119 121 38 18 16 37 38 126 227 1.5 0.6 1.5
Std Dev. 35 2 0.71 2 2 1 2 0 1 0 2 2 0.0 0.1 0.0
Std./| Avg.| 0.24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.2 0.0
Station 5
27-Aug-11
Expedition III Discharge at Electric Power Station
Transect Start Bank # Ens. Start Time Total Q Delta Q Top Q Meas. Q Bottom Q Left Q Left Dist. Right Q Right Dist. Width Total Area Q/Area Boat Speed Flow Speed Flow Dir. End Time Duration Start Ens. End Ens. Velocity Depth
m³/s % m³/s m³/s m³/s m³/s m m³/s m m m² m/s m/s m/s Degrees True s Ref. Ref.
PWRHSEDIS002 Left 141 15:45:49 548 0.72 153 224 55 5 6 111 68.6 156 327 1.7 0.7 1.8 284 15:48:00 131 440 580 Ref: GGA ADCP
PWRHSEDIS003 Right 145 15:48:33 540 -0.79 157 227 57 5 6 94 69.3 159 330 1.6 0.6 1.8 281 15:50:48 135 615 759 Ref: GGA ADCP
PWRHSEDIS004 Left 121 15:51:06 544 -0.04 163 229 58 4 6 90 67.8 158 326 1.7 0.8 1.7 283 15:52:59 113 778 898 Ref: GGA ADCP
PWRHSEDIS005 Right 152 15:53:10 545 0.11 157 224 60 5 6 98 69.1 158 327 1.7 0.6 1.8 282 15:55:32 142 910 1061 Ref: GGA ADCP
Average 139 544 0 157 226 57 5 6 98 68.7 158 327 1.7 0.7 1.8
Std Dev. 13 3 0.62 4 3 2 1 0 9 0.67 2 2 0.0 0.1 0.0
Std./| Avg.| 0.09 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0.0 0.1 0.0
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Graphic R - USGS published river discharge values for Kvichak River 1/1/1968 – 1/1/1987
3.2 ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF MOVING BOTTOM TEST
TerraSond acquired three moving bed tests during the Phase II expedition and one during the
Phase III expedition. The tests were dispersed throughout the project reconnaissance area and
were measured at two different discharge events. The Moving Bed Test is a measurement
conducted by the survey team where the vessel pilot holds location within the river based upon
the RTK corrected GPS position and simultaneously tracks the vessels position through the
Doppler shift measured by the ADCP.
Most Alaskan river systems have significant sediment transport and after a 10 min.
measurement, it is not uncommon to record the difference between the GPS position and the
Doppler tracked position to be 33 m within the thalweg.
The Moving Bed Tests within the Kvichak River RISEC Project area each agree that there is
minimal migration of sediment along the riverbed with only ǻ1m of spatial variance after 10 min.
of measurement. TerraSond is looking forward to the Phase IV measurements in order to know
if sediment transport occurs during the peak discharge period of the seasonal cycle.
3.3 ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF CURRENT MAGNITUDE IMAGERY
During the Phase II and Phase III expeditions, TerraSond acquired a single transect across the
Kvichak River for each processed Current Magnitude graphic. 10 Transects were measured
during the Phase II expedition (Stations 1-9, & 12). Phase III measured 10 Transects (6, 9, 10-
11, & 13-18). This measurement was intended to display the flow distribution and help
characterize the flow behavior.
The current measurements were acquired while under vessel power perpendicular to current
flow. The velocity standards maintained during measurement requires vessel course made good
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to remain < 50% of the river current velocity of the peak flow region of the river. Heading and
position were distributed by the Coda Octopus F-185 while corrected by RTK radio signal.
Bottom tracking was acquired to help correlate with bathymetry and allow for alternative
navigation comparisons.
The extent of each transect was limited by the river bank slope. In some areas of the Kvichak
River the bank had a very gentle slope and limited the length of each measurement as we
approached the shore. Each transect measured the current velocity across as much of the
alveus as possible and each transect captured the thalweg in its entirety.
Graphic S - Example of Phase II and Phase III transect for Station 9.
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Graphic T - Processed across river ADCP transect at Station 2. This data set has no averaging applied.
The processing of the ADCP transect information was initially filtered in WinRiver II software.
The top graphic presents the current magnitude as measured by the ADCP. The lower graphic
presents the calculated power density from that current processed with MATLab numerical
processing software. Regardless of how the data was acquired, all presentations within this
report show the river flowing into the page with the left bank on the left side of the page. The
products presented in the appendix of this report have a horizontal three-cell moving average
applied to the data.
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4.0 CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
TerraSond was contracted to provide interpretations and conclusions of geophysical
measurements in order to provide insight defining the physical character for the Kvichak River
RISEC Project. Candidate Site Selection, Current Power Density, and Obstruction Identification
were specific goals for this study.
In order to interpret these conclusions, TerraSond needed to accomplish the products listed in
the previous chapters. This study measured, processed, and published a number of products
including:
• Establish a persistent geodetic frame of reference to enable consistent and relatable
measurements for future studies
• Establish a project specific vertical river datum
• Execute Current Reconnaissance seeking peak flow regions which correlate this flow
behavior with differing discharge events (Current Magnitude Transects)
• Produce a High density MBES surface illustrating river depth & thalweg morphology
(Baseline Bathymetric Surface)
• Demonstrate sediment transport significance (minimal factor within the upper Kvichak
River during the rising portion of the yearly discharge cycle)
The river morphology of the Kvichak was well defined during the 2011 bathymetric survey. The
upper Kvichak River along the Village of Igiugig has a significant bend (approximating a 90º
bend) in the river with a non-uniform alveus for most of the range along the project area.
Statements from village residents and evaluation of historical maps and aerial photographs
indicate that the Kvichak River has experienced significant change within recent recorded
history. Of particular note, the zone constituting the bend in the river has changed dominant flow
regimes several times within the last 70 years. The cross-sectional peak flow within the river
may also shift significantly throughout this portion of the river. TerraSond interprets that the
thalweg is not a stable, particularly distinct, nor well confined geomorphologic body within this
river structure. Persistent geologic formations are not constraining this river, and it is our opinion
that the Kvichak River can be expected to demonstrate change over time. Several areas of the
river appear to be more static and persistent than the bend noted above. In particular, the
opening to Lake Illiamna and the stretch after the bend appear to demonstrate more persistent
behavior.
TerraSond has analyzed the information accomplished during the 2011 Current Power
Reconnaissance and Site Characterization. TerraSond based our selections upon our character
interpretation of the alveus, bathymetry, the power density magnitude, the power density
stability, and our interpretation of the vessel traffic migration. Specific bathymetry requirements
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were unavailable during this site selection due to still undetermined project plans. Our candidate
site selection is based upon several criteria directed by AEA, AE&E, and inferred from the
turbine technologies which were under consideration for this project at the time of this report.
We understand that no specific turbine design has been selected nor a specific anchoring
methodology. Therefore it is important to recognize that all recommended candidate sites
presented here may not be appropriate for all turbine configurations and design methodologies.
However, all candidate sites presented within this report are appropriate for at least one
construction methodology or turbine configuration.
The reconnaissance for current velocity has identified several locations which indicate that
power conversion may be well suited. This interim report does not include measurements from
the final phase IV (the peak discharge measurement expected to take place around the second
week of Oct.). TerraSond cannot complete our assessment of resource stability until that
measurement is made. Please recognize that any analysis of the resource may change after
that measurement has been accomplished.
TerraSond recommends three candidate site areas for perspective RISEC build out. The sites
are labeled Site 6, Site 9, and Site 10. These names are based upon the proximity to the
original ADCP transect station that they are nearest. The exact station is not recommended,
only seen as a reconnaissance site for which more detailed measurements are to be
accomplished.
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4.1 RISEC SITE SIX
TerraSond recommends the vicinity of Station 6 as a potential RISEC site well suited for power
production for shallow power conversion system designs. This site ranks high per the criteria
listed above. Of particular note, the site is nearest to the village power house and offers the
lowest cost for infrastructure to a RISEC site. This site also demonstrates that the peak power
regime (for much of the seasonal cycle) is located outside of the thalweg. This site offers power
production opportunities which have a lower interference potential with vessel traffic. It is
undetermined yet if this translates to longer power production times or to larger diesel offset,
however, the potential for less operational maintenance effort from offline turbine moves is a
possibility for this site.
Graphic U - Candidate RISEC Site Six
RISEC Site Six does not offer the longest power production potential over the entire yearly cycle
as does the other sites discussed within this report. The graphic above demonstrates that this
site does have significant fluctuation in power production over the yearly cycle. TerraSond
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believes that current observed does have acceptable power opportunities for some turbine
design and configurations for year round production.
Significant considerations still remain prior to build out:
• Is the power cross sectional regime stable during peak discharge periods?
• This area is likely to offer little opportunity for debris shedding and may offer only one
side of the turbine for redirecting debris. The river is likely to shoot debris directly into the
turbine creating an accumulation point between the turbine and the left embankment of
the river. Debris will likely need to be directed or channeled into the thalweg by
engineering efforts. TerraSond believes that this is achievable through innovative
engineering, but notes that this is an issue with this project site and needs to be
addressed in future project planning.
• The bathymetry for this site is more shoal then other sites recommended within this
study. Also, there is a naturally occurring sandbar developed directly below this site.
Future build out may need to recognize and intermittently monitor the development of
this accretion zone to insure that it does not interfere with turbine performance or
significantly alter river flow.
• Debris and hazard evaluations will be required prior to project build out.
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4.2 RISEC SITE NINE
TerraSond recommends the vicinity of Station 9 as a potential RISEC site well suited for power
production for power conversion system designs. This site ranks high per the criteria listed in
the Chapter 4 introduction. The graphic below demonstrates a very stable peak power regime
and indicates very low probability for change throughout the seasonal cycle. The alveus
appears to be constant with slow cycles for change. This portion of the river appears to contain
the most significant gradient along the thalweg. The flow is predictable and consistent through
this shoot. The power density reaches deep into the water column and offers the ability to
product power at deeper levels within the river then RISEC Site Six. This site may offer the
ability for surface and subsurface power production.
Graphic V - Candidate RISEC Site Nine
RISEC Site Nine is a narrow channel. Vessel traffic will need to be a consideration for this site.
The river, particularly at lower river stages, will experience significant spatial constraint. It is
unknown at this time how the turbine infrastructure will need to adapt for vessel traffic, however,
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this site appears to be the most constrained alveus site and should be considered during the
planning for build out. Statements from villagers and from our discussions with AE&E indicate
that vessel traffic may not require many shutdown periods during a season, and that this is
unlikely to be a primary issue for site selection. Although currently uncalculated, this site may
require the highest transmission infrastructure cost.
Significant considerations still remain prior to build out:
• Cost for transmission infrastructure to RISEC Site Nine.
• Sediment transport issues may exist for this site based upon alveus morphology and
should be monitored through time. Phase IV Expedition intends to conduct a moving
bottom test at this site.
• Property issues will need to be sorted out for this site prior to build out.
• Vessel traffic plan will need to be established for expected maintenance cost to be well
understood.
• Debris and hazard evaluations will be required prior to project build out. This area is
likely to offer little opportunity for debris shedding during low river stages due to the
horizontal constraint of the channel. The river is likely to shoot debris in the vicinity of the
turbine. Detailed understanding for debris episodes, debris momentum, and the general
path of debris through this channel will be needed to best understand mitigation options.
TerraSond believes that this is achievable through innovative engineering, but notes that
this is an issue with this project site and needs to be addressed in future project
planning.
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4.3 RISEC SITE TEN
TerraSond recommends the vicinity of Station 10 as a potential RISEC site well suited for power
production. This site ranks high per the criteria listed in the Chapter 4 introduction and offers the
best location for multi-turbine expansion along the range of the project area. The village of
Igiugig is fortunate to have several opportunities for power conversion within its power grid
however, this RISEC Site Ten is attractive as an adaptable and expansive project site which
offers the largest opportunity to produce power for the Village of Igiugig. The stretch of river
south of (and perhaps including) RISEC Site Nine represents an opportunity for an array or
series of turbines to be placed upon the river bed.
This site has the deepest bathymetry of the candidate RISEC sites, offering both surface and
subsurface turbine installation opportunities. The length of contiguous current flow and
bathymetry offer a long stretch for multi-turbine placement.
Graphic W - Candidate RISEC Site Ten
No ADCP transect was measured during the low discharge expedition to site and TerraSond
cannot assess the stability of the peak flow regime at this time. TerraSond interprets a stable
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flow regime from the alveus morphology and looks forward to Phase IV measurements to
support this interpretation.
RISEC Site Nine has a broad channel for traffic migration as well as depth that may permit
persistent infrastructure while vessel traffic transits above. TerraSond has not been informed as
to the cost for power transmission to RISEC Site Ten; however, the cost may be offset by
considerations which include multi-turbine arrays or series of turbines.
Significant considerations still remain prior to build out for this site:
• Cost for transmission infrastructure to RISEC Site Ten. Offset by the number of turbine
installations conceptualized for the project.
• The length of river appropriate for build out will require additional measurements which
have not been accomplished in this study. If bottom mounted turbine configurations are
considered, several measurements will need to be conducted to identify the extent of
adequate development range. The extent of the area presented in this report has not
been identified at this time and it should not be assumed that the entire length of river
presented in the graphic is appropriate for turbine installation.
• Vessel traffic plan will need to be established for expected maintenance cost to be well
understood.
• This site demonstrates significant power low in the water column which appears to be
sourced from the significant drop in elevation from RISEC Site Nine zone. This may
indicate an area of increased turbulence may exist throughout RISEC Site Ten and may
affect the range for potential build out.
• Debris and hazard evaluations will be required prior to project build out. The river is likely
to bring debris directly into the turbine build out zone. Debris will likely need to be
directed or channeled away from the turbines by engineered infrastructure. TerraSond
believes that this is achievable through innovative engineering, but notes that this is an
issue with this project site and needs to be addressed in future project planning.
TerraSond has not encountered debris while on the Kvichak River during our acquisition
expeditions, however, debris is known to be a significant hazard for surface infrastructure during
portions of the year. Both statistical information and specific information are needed in order to
inform engineering parameters and estimate long term maintenance operations for the Instream
Hydrokinetic Industry.
Quantifying the seasonality, the periodicity, volume, mass, and ultimately the force of specific
debris impacts upon hydrokinetic infrastructure is greatly needed by the industry as it pursues
private financing. Surface and subsurface observations and measurements have not been
accomplished which could potentially inform the industry about hazard migrations of debris.
TerraSond believes that the Kvichak River RISEC Project is a particularly good site for acoustic
surface and subsurface ice investigations due to the lack of additional issues which abound
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within Alaskan rivers. TerraSond recommends long term measurements for this site which will
quantify the Kvichak River at Igiugig cyclical and catastrophic debris flows.
TerraSond looks forward to assisting with these measurements and remains available to AEA
and AE&E as it develops the industry capability, instrumentation, methodologies, and future
techniques needed by the emerging Instream Hydrokinetic Industry.
APPENDIX A
GRAPHIC CHARTS AND DRAWINGS
NAPPROX. SHORELINEHK-1IGIUGIG ALASKASTA 12STA 5STA 9STA 7STA 6STA 8STA 4STA 3STA 2STA 11.81.72.32.42.11.92.32.02.02.12.32.11.41.01.31.82.21.71.30.81.92.32.01.02.12.21.51.22.32.21.71.82.11.91.70.82.12.01.00.71.41.51.30.62.32.60.7IGIUGIG AIRPORTLANDFILL ROADHK-VHK-2HK-3HK-4HGFDJIECBAKVICHAK RIVER RISEC PROJECTSHEET OF 11" = 300'SCALE:LEPDRAWN:CHECKED:SURVEYED:DRAFTED:REVISED:PROJECT NO:FILE:VERSION:NOTES1.THE BATHYMETRY FOR THIS PROJECT WAS COLLECTED BY TERRASOND LTD.WITH A R2SONIC 2024 MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER SET TO 200 KHZ AT 90 ΜSPULSE LENGTH. THE MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER DATA DISPLAYED IN THISDRAWING WAS ACCOMPLISHED ON AUGUST 27-29, 2011. THIS MEASUREMENTWAS ACCOMPLISHED WHILE THE KVICHAK RIVER DISCHARGE WAS 544 M3/SMEASURED BY ADCP ON AUGUST 27, 2011.2.FIVE (5) MONUMENTS WERE ESTABLISHED IN ORDER TO REFINE ANDSTRENGTHEN THE CALCULATION FOR THE GEODETIC NETWORK.HORIZONTAL CONTROL IS DEFINED BY A LOCAL GEODETIC NETWORK BASEDUPON WGS84 GEODESY MODIFIED BY THE INCLUSION OF THREE CORSSTATIONS. FOR COMPLETE DETAILS REFERENCE TERRASOND REPORT2011-022.3.VERTICAL CONTROL IS DEFINED BY A PROJECT SPECIFIC LOCAL DATUM(11RISECVD) ESTABLISHED BY TERRASOND LTD. THIS DATUM IS 25.00 MABOVE THE NAVD88 ELLIPSOID.4.ALL ADCP TRANSECT IMAGES ARE PRESENTED FACING DOWN RIVER FLOW.5.THIS DRAWING IS FOR PLANNING AND ENGINEERING PURPOSES ONLY ANDIS NOT INTENDED TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATION.6.CONTOURS ARE SHOWN AT 2 FT INTERVAL.SignedDateRevisionRev.No.Corporate Office1617 S. Industrial Way, Ste 3Palmer, Alaska 99645907.745.7215Branch Office523 Fitzgerald StreetCorpus Christi, Texas 78401361.884.17 80Branch Office6699 Portwest Dr., Ste 190Houston, Texas 77024713.690.4900www.terrasond.comBranch Office801 NW 42nd St., Ste 215Seattle, Washington 98107206.420.8304email:terra@terrasond.comTerraSond EG14 Zona Ministerio De AgriculturaServicio, SNMalabo, Bioko-Norte Equatorial Guinea00.240.094114ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITYDSO --09/23/11REFER TO NOTES 2011-022----1State of AlaskaDepartment of Community and Economic DevelopmentAIDEA/AEARural Energy Group813 West Northern Lights Blvd.Anchorage, Alaska 99503-18 ft-14 ft-10 ft -6 ft -2 ft 2 ftCOLOR LEGEND0.0MEASURED FLOW VELOCITIES (m/sec)CRIVERBED SAMPLE LOCATIONSADCP TRANSECT EXPEDITION IIADCP TRANSECT EXPEDITION IIILEGENDTRANSECT STATIONCONTROL LOCATIONPROJECTANCHORAGEGULF OFALASKANOMEBERING SEAPACIFIC OCEANARCTIC OCEANK V I C H A KR I V E RSEE DETAIL FOR STATION 10SEE DETAIL FOR STATION 9SEE DETAIL FOR STATION 6ADCP TRANSECT FOR STATION 10VELOCITY MAGNITUDE & POWER DENSITYntsADCP TRANSECT FOR STATION 6VELOCITY MAGNITUDE & POWER DENSITYntsL A K EI L I A M N AADCP TRANSECT FOR STATION 9VELOCITY MAGNITUDE & POWER DENSITYntsSTATION 10STATION 11STATION 9STATION 6STATION 7BING MAPS BACKGROUND IMAGE IS NOT TO SCALEIGIUGIG
APPENDIX B
CURRENT VELOCITY IMAGES
MissingStation17datawillbeavailableinfinalreport
APPENDIX C
RAW & PROCESSED DATA
APPENDIX D
3D DIGITAL FLEDERMAUS PRESENTATION