HomeMy WebLinkAboutKaltag Post Install Report 06-20-2012-VEEP
EENNEERRGGYY AAUUDDIITT
PPOOSSTT IINNSSTTAALLLLAATTIIOONN RREEPPOORRTT
Results and Recommendations from
Energy Audit of Kaltag
For VEEP Grants
City of Kaltag, Alaska
June 20, 2012
Prepared By: Prepared For:
Ameresco, Inc.
6643 Brayton Drive
Anchorage, AK 99507
Alaska Energy Authority
City of Kaltag
Alaskan Village Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit- City of Kaltag
Page i Kaltag, AK
TTAABBLLEE OOFF CCOONNTTEENNTTSS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND PREFACE .................................................................................. 1
1.0 BUILDING DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................................ 3
1.1 KALTAG CITY OFFICE ............................................................................................. 3
1.2 KALTAG CLINIC ...................................................................................................... 5
1.3 KALTAG FIRE HALL (FORMER) ................................................................................ 7
1.4 KALTAG SCHOOL ................................................................................................... 9
1.5 KALTAG W ASHETERIA AND WATER TREATMENT PLANT .......................................... 11
1.6 KALTAG YOUTH AND LEARNING CENTER ............................................................... 14
2.0 UTILITIES ..................................................................................................................... 16
2.1 ELECTRICITY ....................................................................................................... 16
2.1.1 Electricity Usage Profiles ........................................................................17
2.2 FUEL ................................................................................................................... 18
2.2.1 Fuel Usage Profiles ................................................................................19
3.0 OPERATIONS/MAINTENANCE PRACTICES .............................................................. 21
4.0 ENERGY CONSERVATION OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................ 22
4.1 ECO DESCRIPTIONS ............................................................................................ 23
4.1.1 Building Envelope Opportunities .............................................................23
4.1.2 Controls Opportunities ............................................................................23
4.1.3 Electrical Opportunities ...........................................................................24
4.1.4 Mechanical Opportunities .......................................................................24
5.0 FINAL COSTING AND CHANGES FROM INITIAL REPORTING .................................. 26
5.1 CHANGES FROM INITIAL REPORTING ..................................................................... 26
5.2 FUNDING ALLOCATION SUMMARY TABLES ............................................................. 27
AAPPPPEENNDDIICCEESS
APPENDIX A – VEEP PROJECT COSTS & EXPECTED SAVINGS ...................................... A-1
APPENDIX B – ECO CALCULATION RESULTS – NOT FUNDED ......................................... B-1
APPENDIX C – EQUATIONS USED IN CALCULATIONS ...................................................... C-1
APPENDIX D – POST INSTALLATION PHOTOS ................................................................... D-1
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 1 Kaltag, AK
EEXXEECCUUTTIIVVEE SSUUMMMMAARRYY AANNDD PPRREEFFAACCEE
This Post Installation Report summarizes the results of an Ameresco Energy Audit of the City of Kaltag,
the initial energy savings measures identified and proposed, and any changes that may have occurred
throughout the installation process. The City of Kaltag is a recipient of an Alaska Energy Authority
(AEA) Village Energy Efficiency Program (VEEP) grant of $150,000.
Ameresco engineers conducted an energy audit of the City of Kaltag on January 10-11, 2011. The table
below shows the buildings audited and their respective square footages.
City of Kaltag - Building Summary
Building Category Square Footage
City Office Public Building 1,920
Clinic Public Facility 1,050
Fire Hall Public Building 576
School School 17,125
Washeteria & Water Treatment Plant Public Facility 2,450
Youth & Learning Center Public Building 713
The audit identified existing types, conditions, operating modes, and energy consumption profiles for a
variety of buildings, facilities and systems. The audit also identified all cost-effective system and facility
modifications, adjustments, alterations, additions, and retrofits. Systems investigated during the audit
included heating, ventilation, interior and exterior lighting, process exhaust, domestic hot water, motors,
building envelopes, utility metering systems, and energy management control systems (EMCS).
The table below shows the actual costs of the project and expected annual savings. See Appendix A for
more detailed calculation results. Project costs include costs incurred from the site visit, engineering time,
materials cost, and labor cost, as well as Ameresco’s markup. It is important to note that the simple
paybacks (SPBs) have been determined according to ECO type. For example, the SPB for an electrical
ECO is calculated using only the annual kWh savings, even though the equivalent annual fuel gallon
monetary savings is reported.
VEEP ECOS - PROJECT COSTS & EXPECTED SAVINGS - KALTAG
ECO Cost Savings SPB
B01 - WEATHERSTRIPPING $ 12,181.97 $ 1,218.83 9.99
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE $ 36,265.40 $ 1,442.51 25.14
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE $ 1,469.97 $ 1,301.81 1.13
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 9,305.39 $ 809.27 11.50
E02 - T5 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 10,246.33 $ 2,016.56 5.08
E03 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS $ 8,642.00 $ 3,286.07 2.63
E04 - PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORS UPGRADE $ 15,141.84 $ 511.46 29.60
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 2 Kaltag, AK
VEEP ECOS - PROJECT COSTS & EXPECTED SAVINGS - KALTAG
ECO Cost Savings SPB
E05 - CFL LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 1,755.68 $ 498.60 3.52
E06- STREET LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 22,529.82 $ 3,107.15 7.25
M01 - BOILER TUNE-UP $ 7,526.16 $ 6,818.95 1.10
M02 - DOMESTIC WATER HEATER UPGRADE $ 25,463.92 $ 1,159.89 21.95
TOTAL $150,528.49 $22,171.11 6.79
TOTAL GRANT $150,000.00
BUDGET EXCEEDED $ (528.49)
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 3 Kaltag, AK
11..00 BBUUIILLDDIINNGG DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONNSS
11..11 KKAALLTTAAGG CCIITTYY OOFFFFIICCEE
Description: The City Office building contains office space, storage space, and a gym. Typical building
operating hours are 0900 to 1700 hours, Monday through Friday.
General Conditions: Although this is one of the largest buildings in the village, at the time of the audit,
only one person occupied the space. This city manager works in the offices on the second floor of the
building. The building was most likely constructed during the 1970’s. There are several offices and a
gym facility, but these are not used at this time.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The building structure of the log cabin-style facility appears to be in good condition.
The maintenance operator informed Ameresco engineers that there is no insulation between the interior
and exterior walls, but the fuel bills gathered by Ameresco do not reflect this assumption. This building
does see higher fuel use than many other village facilities, but this is most likely due to the size of the
building and not the absence of insulation. The roof is in fair condition, but melting snow shows
evidence of poor attic insulation. The weather-stripping is in poor condition and needs to be upgraded.
There are some penetrations left from the old boiler stack that maintenance personnel have filled with
fiberglass insulation and plastic bags, but it is not adequately sealed.
Heating: Building heating is provided by a Buderus boiler that is paired with a hot water storage tank.
The boiler is a model G115 series, and the hot water storage tank is a 160-gallon LT model. The Buderus
boiler is newly installed, and operators are pleased with its operation and fuel consumption rates. A
combustion analysis was performed on this boiler over the course of the audit and showed the boiler to be
operating at 84.2% combustion efficiency.
Controls: Building heating is controlled by a single digital thermostat.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 4 Kaltag, AK
Lighting: Interior lighting consists primarily of T8 fluorescent lamps with electronic ballasts. There are
no occupancy sensors in the building.
Domestic Water: There is not a domestic water system in place in this building.
Building Photos: Kaltag City Office
Building Exterior – Note Melting Snow Attic Insulation
Break in Interior Wall – No Insulation Buderus Boiler and Hot Water Storage Tank
Old Boiler Stack Penetration Failing Window
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 5 Kaltag, AK
11..22 KKAALLTTAAGG CCLLIINNIICC
Description: The Kaltag Clinic treats minor ailments and injuries in the village. Those in more serious
conditions are sent to larger towns for treatment. The Clinic’s typical operating hours are 0900 to 1600
hours, Monday through Friday.
General Conditions: The building is in fair condition overall and there are some concerns of cold air
entering the building through its floor due to poor insulation. There have been several issues with the
sewer system, most likely due to freezing.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The building is in fair condition, and the roof has inadequate insulation that is
allowing heat to escape the building and the snow on the roof to melt. The double pane windows are in
fair condition with wood frames. Weather-stripping is in poor condition and needs to be upgraded.
Heating: Building heating is provided by two Monitor oil stoves with internal thermostats. One stove
serves as the primary unit, and the other serves as a backup when the temperature drops. There is also an
Amana window AC unit with no nameplate. The condenser side of this unit has not been properly
insulated for the weather conditions.
Controls: The oil stoves have internal thermostats that control heating output. There are no additional
building controls.
Lighting: Interior lighting fixtures are primarily T8 fluorescent lamps with electromagnetic ballasts.
There are no occupancy sensors in the building.
Domestic Water: A 30 gallon Rheem electric water heater provides the building with domestic hot water.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 6 Kaltag, AK
Building Photos: Kaltag Clinic
Attic Insulation Insulation and Sewer System Under Building
Monitor Heater Rheem Water Heater
Amana Window Unit Monitor Heater
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 7 Kaltag, AK
11..33 KKAALLTTAAGG FFIIRREE HHAALLLL ((FFOORRMMEERR))
Description: The Kaltag Fire Hall building no longer functions as the village’s fire department. This
building is now used primarily as a rental property during the Iditarod dog sled race. Because of this, the
building does not have typical operating hours. The village will most likely keep this building shut down
during non-Iditarod winter months to save money. The building was operational at the time of the audit,
but this could be due to the recent installation of a new boiler and performance testing.
General Conditions: The building was constructed most likely in the 1970’s and is in fair condition
overall. Although there are several opportunities for improvement, because this facility is used so
infrequently, energy efficient upgrades do not merit closer investigation at this time.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The roof is in poor condition and does not have enough insulation to retain the
building heat load. Due to this lack of insulation, the roof ventilation has been somewhat sealed to
prevent airflow. Attic insulation should be upgraded so that the ventilation can be reopened to prevent the
wood from rotting due to condensation. Windows are in good condition. Exterior doors are in poor
condition, and weather-stripping needs to be upgraded.
Heating: Building heating is provided by a Buderus boiler that is paired with a hot water storage tank.
The boiler is a model G115 series, and the hot water storage tank is a 160-gallon LT model. The Buderus
boiler is newly installed, and operators are pleased with its operation and fuel consumption rates.
Controls: There is one mechanical thermostat and one digital thermostat that control space heating. One
thermostat is designated per floor of the building.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 8 Kaltag, AK
Lighting: Interior lighting is primarily T12 fluorescent fixtures with magnetic ballasts. There are no
occupancy sensors in this building.
Domestic Water: Domestic hot water is provided by a 40-gallon Rheem electric water heater.
Building Photos: Kaltag Fire House (Former)
Attic Insulation Buderus Boiler and Hot Water Storage Tank
Roof Ventilation Blocked Missing Weather-stripping
Bathroom and Rheem Electric Water Heater Exterior Windows in Good Condition
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 9 Kaltag, AK
11..44 KKAALLTTAAGG SSCCHHOOOOLL
Description: The Kaltag School houses elementary through high school students. Typical operating
hours are 0800 to 1700, Monday through Friday, but the building is also used for a variety of after school
activities throughout the week.
General Conditions: The building was constructed in 1973 and is in fair condition overall. There are
several concerns with leaking building envelope components, and there are many opportunities for
improvement.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The roof is in poor condition, and there is not enough roof insulation to retain
building heat. Maintenance statements show that this is causing the snow on the roof to melt and leak
into offices; this is most likely due to the lack of rain gutters on the roof to properly distribute
precipitation. Windows are in good condition. Exterior doors are in good condition, though a weather-
stripping upgrade is recommended. The exterior mechanical room does not have an attic or cold zone, so
nothing is preventing the heat from escaping through the roof.
Heating: The boiler room is a separate building located behind the school. There are 5 residential Weil-
McLain Gold Oil boilers that provide the building with heat. A ventilation fan with an auto start feature
engages every time one of the boilers turns on, regardless of the internal temperature of the mechanical
room. Combustion analyses were performed on these boilers at the time of the audit and showed them to
be operating at 83.8 to 84.8% combustion efficiency. The gym has several hot water unit heaters to
provide additional space heating when needed.
Controls: The boilers operate on a direct-digital control (DDC) system. Further investigation is required
to determine whether the system is programmed correctly with night set backs.
Lighting: Lighting is primarily T8 fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts, though a few T12 fixtures
remain scattered throughout the school. Gym lighting consists of 400 W mercury vapor (MV) and metal
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 10 Kaltag, AK
halide (MH) fixtures. Restrooms have occupancy sensors. Installing occupancy sensors in classrooms
would generate substantial energy savings.
Domestic Water: A Bock 68 gallon fuel oil water heater provides the building with domestic hot water.
Building Photos: Kaltag School
Weil-McLain Boilers Glycol Overflow Lines
Exhaust Fan Gym Lighting
Exposed Insulation Unit Heaters and Piping in Gym
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 11 Kaltag, AK
11..55 KKAALLTTAAGG WWAASSHHEETTEERRIIAA AANNDD WWAATTEERR TTRREEAATTMMEENNTT PPLLAANNTT
Description: The Kaltag Water Treatment Plant provides clean water to the entire city. The plant has a
single operator, but receives extra maintenance help when needed. The building is in good condition.
Most of the equipment housed at the facility has been well-maintained, though there are several outdated
pumps and motors that could be replaced with more efficient models. The building also houses a
Washeteria facility to meet the village’s laundering needs. The Washeteria operates 1400 to 1800 hours,
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The Washeteria is also open 1100 to 1800 hours on Saturdays, as well
as from 1200 to 1700 hours on Sundays. The Water Treatment Plant has a 4 hour shift Monday through
Friday, but the operator is on call as needed.
General Conditions: The water treatment plant is in good condition overall, having been built sometime
between 2000 and 2002. No major defects were noticed during the audit walkthrough.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The roof is in fair condition. The current attic insulation levels are not adequately
retaining building heat. Windows are in fair condition, and some of them do not operate properly. Doors
are in good condition, though weather-stripping, when present, is inadequate. There is a gap between a
backwash waste line and the roof that has been sealed with silicon; this seal is not tight, however, and
water is leaking into the building.
Heating: Three Weil-McLain boilers provide the building with heating and hot water. Two of these
boilers are commercial models, while one is a residential Gold Oil model. At the time of the audit, one of
the commercial boilers was out of order. Before Ameresco engineers left the village, however, the boiler
was fixed and a combustion analysis was performed. The analysis showed the boiler to be operating at
83, 84.5, and 87.4% combustion efficiencies. There is also a hydronic Modine unit heater in the
Washeteria area.
Controls: Building heating is controlled by a mechanical thermostat.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 12 Kaltag, AK
Lighting: The building is primarily lit by T12 fluorescent fixtures with magnetic ballasts. Several
incandescent fixtures are present as well. There are no occupancy sensors in the building.
Domestic Water: The water treatment plant houses many pumps and motors of varying ages and
efficiencies. Opportunities exist here for more efficient replacements.
Vacuum System: Vacuum sewage systems are installed in bush Alaska due to permafrost and lack of
available pitch. The system originates at the treatment facility and is in good operational condition. The
vacuum pump motor runs 24/7 to meet village requirements. A higher efficiency motor will result in
measurable savings for this system.
Heat Trace System: To prevent system freeze ups, hot water heat trace pumps that run throughout the
water and sewer distribution system originate from this facility. The system is manually controlled and
runs at all times or at operators’ discretion. Limiting the operation of the heat trace based on outside air
or ground temperatures will provide significant savings to the village.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 13 Kaltag, AK
Building Photos: Kaltag Washeteria and Water Treatment Plant
Washeteria Thermostat Penetration Not Sealed Well – Leaking Water
Melting Snow – Poor Insulation Weil-McLain Boilers
Modine Hydronic Unit Heater Washeteria Setup
Water Treatment Pumps – Rust Building Up No Weather-stripping
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 14 Kaltag, AK
11..66 KKAALLTTAAGG YYOOUUTTHH AANNDD LLEEAARRNNIINNGG CCEENNTTEERR
Description: The Kaltag Youth and Learning Center functions as an after school program for the children
of the village. Typical operating hours are 1800 to 2000 hours, Monday through Friday. The Youth
Center also houses overnight visitors to the village on any night of the week.
General Conditions: The building was constructed in 1982 and is in fair condition overall.
Pictures of general conditions found during the field audit immediately follow this building description.
Building Envelope: The building is in fair condition overall. The roof has poor insulation, and the snow
is melting due to heat loss. The single pane windows are in fair condition. Weather-stripping is
inadequate and is in need of an upgrade.
Heating: Two Toyostove oil stove provide the building with space heating. One of these stoves serves as
the primary heating source, while the second is a backup for when the temperature falls, or if the first one
fails.
Controls: There are no additional building controls.
Lighting: The building is primarily lit by T8 fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts. There are no
occupancy sensors in the building.
Domestic Water: A 50 gallon American electric domestic water heater provides the building with hot
water.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 15 Kaltag, AK
Building Photos: Kaltag Youth and Learning Center
Low Roof Insulation – Melting Snow American Water Heater
Poor Weather-stripping Backup Toyostove
Primary Toyostove
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 16 Kaltag, AK
22..00 UUTTIILLIITTIIEESS
22..11 EELLEECCTTRRIICCIITTYY
The City of Kaltag purchases its electricity from the Alaskan Village Electric Cooperative (AVEC).
Village facilities are billed on an electric use and fuel use to provide the electricity. Some facilities may
also qualify for a Power Cost Equalization (PCE) incentive. The AVEC rates for the City of Kaltag are
listed below.
Current Rates as of January 2011
AVEC Cost of Fuel (Added to Customer Electric Bill) $ 0.2155
Rate Per kWh, Fuel Cost Included (1-700 kWh) $ 0.5155
Rate Per kWh, Fuel Cost Included (Over 700 kWh) $ 0.4155
PCE Rate (1-700 kWh) $ 0.3009
PCE Rate (Over 700 kWh) $ 0.2729
Rates August 2010 - December 2010
AVEC Cost of Fuel (Added to Customer Electric Bill) $ 0.2415
Rate Per kWh, Fuel Cost Included (1-700 kWh) $ 0.5415
Rate Per kWh, Fuel Cost Included (Over 700 kWh) $ 0.4415
PCE Rate (1-700 kWh) $ 0.3256
PCE Rate (Over 700 kWh) $ 0.2976
Rates for Calculations, Including Fuel Cost and PCE Incentive
Rate for Calcs (1-700 kWh) $ 0.2146
Rate for Calcs (700+ kWh) $ 0.1426
Bills for the Kaltag School were not readily available at the time of the audit. The school has therefore
been assumed to pay the same electric rates as the rest of the village. Most AVEC affiliated schools also
pay a $45/kW charge, so this was included in savings calculations as well.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 17 Kaltag, AK
22..11..11 EElleeccttrriicciittyy UUssaaggee PPrrooffiilleess
Kaltag City Office Electric Usage
0
100
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10
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10
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10kWh
Kaltag Clinic Electric Usage
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1400
1600
1800
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10
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10
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10
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10
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10
Dec-
10kWh
Kaltag Fire Hall Electric Usage
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jan-
10
Feb-
10
Mar-
10
Apr-
10
May-
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10kWh
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Page 18 Kaltag, AK
Kaltag Washeteria and Water Plant Electric Usage
0
200
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1400
1600
1800
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10
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10kWh
Kaltag Youth and Learning Center Electric Usage
0
50
100
150
200
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300
Jan-
10
Feb-
10
Mar-
10
Apr-
10
May-
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10kWh
22..22 FFUUEELL
The City of Kaltag purchases its fuel from Crowley Petroleum Distribution. Bills were not readily
available at the time of the audit, so Ameresco engineers average fuel rates from the surrounding villages
of Koyukuk, Nikolai, Beaver, Holy Cross, Shageluk, and Fort Yukon. The average rate used for
calculations is $4.67/gallon.
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Page 19 Kaltag, AK
22..22..11 FFuueell UUssaaggee PPrrooffiilleess
Kaltag City Office Fuel Usage
0100
200300
400500
May-
10
Apr-
10
Mar-
10
Feb-
10
Jan-
10
Dec-
09
Nov-
09
Oct-
09
Purchase DateFuel (gallons)
Kaltag Clinic Fuel Usage
0100200300400500
May-
10
Apr-
10
Mar-
10
Feb-
10
Jan-
10
Dec-
09
Nov-
09
Oct-
09
Sep-
09
Aug-
09
Jul-
09
Jun-
09
Purchase DateFuel (gallons)
Kaltag Fire Hall Fuel Usage
0100200300400500
May-
10
Apr-
10
Mar-
10
Feb-
10
Jan-
10
Dec-
09
Nov-
09
Oct-
09
Sep-
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Purchase DateFuel (gallons)
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Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 20 Kaltag, AK
Kaltag Washeteria & Water Plant Fuel Usage
0
200400
600800
1000
Dec-
10
Nov-
10
Oct-
10
Sep-
10
Aug-
10
Jul-10 Jun-
10
May-
10
Apr-
10
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Jan-
10
Purchase DateFuel (gallons)
Kaltag Youth Center Fuel Usage
0
100
200
300
May-
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Apr-
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10
Feb-
10
Jan-
10
Dec-
09
Nov-
09
Oct-
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Jul-09 Jun-
09
Purchase DateFuel (gallons)
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Page 21 Kaltag, AK
33..00 OOPPEERRAATTIIOONNSS//MMAAIINNTTEENNAANNCCEE PPRRAACCTTIICCEESS
The village has a number of designated maintenance personnel that seem to possess the basic skills
required to clean and maintain selected equipment. From Ameresco’s observations, if the equipment
should fall into disrepair, the staff does not have the training or experience to repair the equipment per the
manufacturer’s requirements and tends to piece together the equipment to maintain operation. Over time,
the systems no longer function as required, which currently appears to be the case of most equipment and
systems with in the village.
Operations and maintenance is one area in energy services where improvement and training costs are
lower than equipment replacement costs, and the energy efficiency return is high. During the site audit,
Ameresco found that outside of general cleaning, most of the equipment is not maintained to meet
standard manufacturers’ recommendations. Dirty filters, boilers in disrepair, systems altered, and control
systems disconnected are a result of limited funding and lack of system training. This results in excessive
energy use, premature equipment failure, and employee and resident discomfort. An annual system check
by a qualified burner service technician to perform services such as boiler cleaning, boiler tune ups,
system check out, and control system reviews will not only extend the overall life of the equipment, but
improve occupant comfort as well as increase and maintain long term energy efficiency.
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Page 22 Kaltag, AK
44..00 EENNEERRGGYY CCOONNSSEERRVVAATTIIOONN OOPPPPOORRTTUUNNIITTIIEESS
The ECO matrix below summarizes the energy conservation opportunities identified during the site
survey and baseline analysis. A description of each energy conservation opportunity follows the matrix.
Please Note: This matrix applies to the initial proposal and the ECOs identified during that stage of the
Koyukuk project. There are some ECOs included in this section that were not performed, or the scope of
work may have changed. Section 4 is for reference only. See Section 5 for updated project information.
ECO
No.
ECO Description ECO MATRIX
B=Building Envelope;
C=Controls; E=Electrical;
M=Mechanical;
W=Water/Wastewater;
R=Renewable
KALTAG City Office Clinic School Washeteria & Water Treatment Youth Center Building Envelope
B01 Door Weather-stripping Upgrade X X X X X
B02 Insulation Upgrade X X X X
Controls
C01 Thermostat Upgrade X X
Electrical
E01 T-8 Lighting Upgrade X X
E02 T-5 Lighting Upgrade X
E03 Occupancy Sensors X X X X X
E04 Premium Efficiency Motors X
E05 CFL Lighting Upgrade X X X X
Mechanical
M01 Boiler Tune-Up X X X
M02 Domestic Water Heater Upgrade X X
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 23 Kaltag, AK
VEEP – INITIAL PROPOSAL (FINAL AUDIT REPORT)
ECO Cost Savings SPB
B01 - WEATHERSTRIPPING $ 11,000.00 $ 1,218.83 9.03
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE $ 30,000.00 $ 1,778.26 16.87
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE $ 1,800.00 $ 6,260.71 0.29
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 16,000.00 $ 828.62 19.31
E02 - T5 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 18,000.00 $ 2,016.56 8.93
E03 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS $ 13,000.00 $ 3,459.39 3.76
E04 - PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORS UPGRADE $ 14,000.00 $ 511.46 27.37
E05 - CFL LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 750.00 $ 498.60 1.50
M01 - BOILER TUNE-UP $ 20,000.00 $ 8,833.23 2.26
M02 - DOMESTIC WATER HEATER UPGRADE $ 6,500.00 $ 1,159.89 5.60
DESIGN/AUDIT $ 2,500.00
AVAILABLE FUNDING $ 16,450.00
* Available funding allocated for travel expenses, shipping, additional labor, etc
TOTAL $ 150,000.00 $ 26,565.56 5.65
44..11 EECCOO DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONNSS
Below are the descriptions of the Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) that Ameresco analyzed for
the Village of Kaltag in the Final Audit Report. These include Ameresco’s initial project
recommendations for the village.
44..11..11 BBuuiillddiinngg EEnnvveellooppee OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
B01 – Door Weather-stripping Upgrade
This ECO proposes applying weather stripping to exterior door perimeters to reduce air infiltration into
the buildings. Many building doors have existing weather stripping material which is worn or missing.
B02 – Thermal Insulation Upgrade
This ECO proposes installing blown-in roof insulation on existing building envelopes to reduce energy
consumption. Insulation can be added to roofs to increase or renew their insulating ratings (R-value).
44..11..22 CCoonnttrroollss OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
C01 – Thermostat Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing the outdated mechanical thermostats with 7-day programmable thermostats.
The programmable thermostats would allow a building’s HVAC system to be scheduled to operate in
comfortable conditions while occupied and allow for night set-backs.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 24 Kaltag, AK
44..11..33 EElleeccttrriiccaall OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
E01 – T8 Lighting Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing current T-12 fluorescent lighting and magnetic ballast with T-8 lamps and
electronic ballasts. Post-light levels will be nearly equal or better to that of the existing lighting systems.
E02 – T5 Lighting Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing high intensity discharge (HID) lighting systems in the medium and high bay
areas such as the water treatment plant, maintenance shops, school, etc., with T5 fluorescent fixtures.
HID lighting is often used in areas with high ceilings or roof structures. The fixtures generate high
luminous flux, are reasonably energy efficient, and are long lasting. Such systems often remain
illuminated continuously since the re-strike times make periodic switching in irregularly occupied spaces
a nuisance. Continuous operation of HID fixtures reduces the overall energy efficiency of lighting
systems designed around their use. Newer, high output fluorescent sources, characterized by quick warm-
up, with instant light output and improved efficiency, are now being used in place of many medium
wattage HID fixtures in low and high bay applications. Post-light levels will be nearly equal to that of the
existing lighting systems
E03 – Occupancy Sensors
Lighting systems are often left energized in unoccupied areas. This ECO proposes to install sensors to
shut off lighting in unoccupied spaces. Common sensing technologies include infrared, ultrasonic, and
audible sound, often combining multiple types of sensing in one unit to avoid shutting off lights in an
occupied area.
E04 – Premium Efficiency Motors
This ECO proposes installing National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) premium
efficiency motors to replace standard and high efficiency motors. There are various mechanical systems
operating with inefficient motors throughout the base. Premium efficiency motors typically increase
energy efficiency by 2-3%.
E05 – CFL Lighting Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing current incandescent bulbs in audited village buildings with compact
fluorescent (CFL) lamps. This is a simple and effective retrofit with easy installation.
44..11..44 MMeecchhaanniiccaall OOppppoorrttuunniittiieess
M01 – Boiler Tune-Up
This ECO proposes a comprehensive re-commissioning of the boilers in each building to optimize system
operations. Such efforts include:
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 25 Kaltag, AK
Replace, repair, calibrate or install sensors or switches
Repair air linkages
Conduct combustion efficiency test services
Clean combustion chambers and stacks
M02 – Boiler Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing existing hot-water heating boilers with more energy efficient units. Many
of the existing units in the village are original to the buildings they serve and have reached the end of their
useful service life. Boilers employing modern technology can be installed to reduce energy consumption,
improve system operations, and reduce maintenance costs. In some cases, this ECO proposes adding a
storage tank to replace a building’s domestic water heater. See M03 for details.
M03 – Domestic Hot Water Heater Upgrade
This ECO proposes replacing existing electric or fuel oil tank-type water heaters with fuel oil
instantaneous Toyotomi OM-128 models. Standby losses will be eliminated, as there is no need to
continuously heat tanks of water until they are needed. Where electric water heaters are replaced,
additional savings will come from the cost of generating electricity.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 26 Kaltag, AK
55..00 FFIINNAALL CCOOSSTTIINNGG AANNDD CCHHAANNGGEESS FFRROOMM IINNIITTIIAALL RREEPPOORRTTIINNGG
Due to the brief nature of these contracts and the high cost of travel to and from the villages, audits were
conducted a quickly and efficiently as possible. Once engineers have left the villages, communication is
strained at best, and gathering additional information is difficult. Because of this, assumptions must be
made during the initial ECO assessments and project cost estimates. Occasionally, Ameresco engineers
have found that previously identified projects have been externally funded from another source, but this
information usually comes too late in the process. As a result of all these factors, some previously
identified projects have been modified or abandoned. Final project costs and expected annual savings can
be found in Section 5.2 and Appendix A. ECOs that were categorized as “Not Funded,” whether in the
initial stages of the proposal or during construction, can be found in Appendix B.
55..11 CCHHAANNGGEESS FFRROOMM IINNIITTIIAALL RREEPPOORRTTIINNGG
B01 – Door Weather-stripping Upgrade
Installed as planned.
B02 – Thermal Insulation Upgrade
Installed as planned in the City Office, Clinic, and Youth Center. This ECO was rejected at the
Washeteria building and instead installed in the Fire Hall and Head Start building.
C01 – Programmable Thermostat Upgrade
Installed as planned in the City Office. This ECO was rejected at the Washeteria due to voltage
compatibility issues.
E01 – T8 Lighting Upgrade
Installed at expected at the Washeteria. The Fire Hall received the T8 upgrade in lieu of the School due to
a previously completed T8 lighting upgrade at the Kaltag School.
E02 – T5 Lighting Upgrade
Installed as planned.
E03 – Install Occupancy Sensors
Installed as planned at the City Office, School, and Washeteria. This ECO was rejected at the Clinic and
Youth Center.
E04 – Premium Efficiency Motors Upgrade
Installed as planned at the Water Treatment Plant, though a smaller quantity of motors was upgraded than
originally planned.
E05 – CFL Lighting Upgrade
Installed as planned.
Alaskan Village Audit Post Installation Report Energy Audit of City Buildings
Ameresco VEEP Audit - City of Kaltag
Page 27 Kaltag, AK
E06 – Street Lighting Upgrade
Newly added ECO. This ECO was later added after Ameresco reached an agreement with AVEC to
install LED street light retrofits. The village should work with AVEC energy cost savings to be realized.
M01 – Boiler Tune-Up
Performed as planned at the City Office and Washeteria. The school superintendent would not permit
Ameresco to tune up the school boilers, so this ECO was instead performed at the Fire Hall.
M02 – Domestic Water Heater Upgrade
Installed as planned.
55..22 FFUUNNDDIINNGG AALLLLOOCCAATTIIOONN SSUUMMMMAARRYY TTAABBLLEESS
VEEP ECOS - PROJECT COSTS & EXPECTED SAVINGS - KALTAG
ECO Cost Savings SPB
B01 - WEATHERSTRIPPING $ 12,181.97 $ 1,218.83 9.99
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE $ 36,265.40 $ 1,442.51 25.14
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE $ 1,469.97 $ 1,301.81 1.13
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 9,305.39 $ 809.27 11.50
E02 - T5 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 10,246.33 $ 2,016.56 5.08
E03 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS $ 8,642.00 $ 3,286.07 2.63
E04 - PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORS UPGRADE $ 15,141.84 $ 511.46 29.60
E05 - CFL LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 1,755.68 $ 498.60 3.52
E06- STREET LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 22,529.82 $ 3,107.15 7.25
M01 - BOILER TUNE-UP $ 7,526.16 $ 6,818.95 1.10
M02 - DOMESTIC WATER HEATER UPGRADE $ 25,463.92 $ 1,159.89 21.95
TOTAL $150,528.49 $22,171.11 6.79
TOTAL GRANT $150,000.00
BUDGET EXCEEDED $ (528.49)
ECOS NOT FUNDED - REJECTED IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE
ECO Cost Savings SPB
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE $ 12,000.00 $ 723.59 16.58
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE $ 900.00 $ 4,958.90 0.18
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE $ 5,000.00 $ 151.90 32.92
E03 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS $ 2,700.00 $ 273.70 9.86
M01 - BOILER TUNE-UP $ 7,310.83 $ 2,507.32 2.92
TOTAL $ 27,910.83 $ 8,615.41 3.24
*Project costs are based on initial projections and have not been updated in regards to post installation pricing changes.
APPENDIX A
VEEP PROJECT COSTS
& EXPECTED SAVINGS
B01 - WEATHERSTRIPPING
Building # of Doors
Price Per
Door Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Office 3 $937.07 $2,811.22 0.00 7.87 7.87 56.24 $0.00 $262.63 $262.63 10.70
Clinic 2 $937.07 $1,874.15 0.00 5.17 5.17 36.92 $0.00 $172.44 $172.44 10.87
School 4 $937.07 $3,748.30 0.00 10.43 10.43 74.48 $0.00 $347.83 $347.83 10.78
Washeteria, etc 3 $937.07 $2,811.22 0.00 10.62 10.62 75.89 $0.00 $354.38 $354.38 7.93
Youth Center 1 $937.07 $937.07 0.00 2.44 2.44 17.46 $0.00 $81.55 $81.55 11.49
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE
Building Current
Insulation
Proposed
Insulation Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Office R-19 R-38 $13,652.86 0.00 16.78 16.78 119.87 $0.00 $559.81 $559.81 24.39
Clinic R-19 R-38 $7,466.41 0.00 9.07 9.07 64.80 $0.00 $302.62 $302.62 24.67
Fire Hall R-19 R-38 $4,031.86 0.00 5.00 5.00 35.71 $0.00 $166.77 $166.77 24.18
Head Start R-20 R-39 $6,044.23 0.00 6.63 6.63 47.34 $0.00 $221.08 $221.08 27.34
Youth Center R-19 R-38 $5,070.05 0.00 5.76 5.76 41.16 $0.00 $192.24 $192.24 26.37
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE
Building
# of
Thermostats
Installed
Cost Per
Thermostat Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Office 2 $734.98 $1,469.97 0.00 39.03 39.03 278.76 $0.00 $1,301.81 $1,301.81 1.13
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE
Building # of Fixtures
Price Per
Fixture Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric
kW
Savings
Equivalent
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kW &
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
Fire Hall 10 $273.69 $2,736.88 64.06 2.64 0.22 4.65 $132.55 $21.71 $154.26 20.65
Washeteria, etc 24 $273.69 $6,568.51 3,153.40 19.99 10.76 228.84 $676.72 $1,068.68 $1,745.40 9.71
E02 - T5 LIGHTING UPGRADE
Building # of Fixtures
Price Per
Fixture Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric
kW
Savings
Equivalent
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kW &
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
School 16 $640.40 $10,246.33 5,129.19 20.35 17.51 372.22 $2,016.56 $1,738.27 $3,754.83 5.08
E03 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS
Building # of Sensors
Price Per
Fixture Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric
kW
Savings
Equivalent
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Office 16 $298.00 $4,768.00 838.24 0.00 2.86 60.83 $179.89 $284.08 $463.96 26.51
School 6 $298.00 $1,788.00 11,345.91 0.00 38.72 823.36 $2,434.83 $3,845.09 $6,279.93 0.73
Washeteria, etc 7 $298.00 $2,086.00 3,128.39 0.00 10.68 227.02 $671.35 $1,060.20 $1,731.56 3.11
E04 - PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORS UPGRADE
Building # of Motors
Price Per
Motor Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric
kW
Savings
Equivalent
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
Water Treatment 3 Varies w/HP $15,141.84 2,383.33 0.86 8.13 172.96 $511.46 $807.70 $1,319.17 29.60
Note: The reported simple paybacks are based on the type of ECO listed. For example, electrical ECOs only use the Annual kWh Cost Savings column to
calculate the SPB, even though the Annual Equivalent Fuel Cost Savings is still reported.
APPENDIX A - VEEP PROJECT COSTS & EXPECTED SAVINGS - KALTAG
E05 - CFL LIGHTING UPGRADE
Building # of Incans to
be Replaced
Wattages to
be Replaced Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric
kW
Savings
Equivalent
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kW &
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
Clinic 5 75w $381.67 185.03 3.66 0.63 13.43 $39.71 $62.71 $102.42 9.61
School 8 75w, 90w $610.67 357.68 5.93 1.22 25.96 $343.52 $121.22 $464.74 1.78
Washeteria, etc 9 75w, 90w $687.01 516.46 6.88 1.76 37.48 $110.83 $175.03 $285.86 6.20
Youth Center 1 75w $76.33 21.15 0.73 0.07 1.53 $4.54 $7.17 $11.70 16.82
E06 - STREETLIGHTING UPGRADE
Building # of Fixtures
Price Per
Fixture Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric
kW
Savings
Equivalent
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
Whole Village 19 $1,185.78 $22,529.82 9,195.81 25.19 31.39 0.00 $3,107.15 $0.00 $1,319.17 7.25
M01 - BOILER TUNE-UP
Building Number of
Boilers
Increase in
Efficiency Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
City Office 1 2.90% $1,505.23 0.00 28.72 28.72 205.12 $0.00 $957.91 $957.91 1.57
Fire Hall 1 2.60% $1,505.23 0.00 4.20 4.20 30.00 $0.00 $140.10 $140.10 10.74
Washeteria 3 1.40%$4,515.70 0.00 171.51 171.51 1,225.04 $0.00 $5,720.94 $5,720.94 0.79
M02 - DOMESTIC WATER HEATER UPGRADE
Building
# of Water
Heaters to
Replace
New Water
Heater
Efficiency
(AFUE)
Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Equivalen
t Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
New Fuel
mmBtu
Use
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Total
Annual
Savings
Simple
Payback
Clinic 1 88.00% $12,731.96 3,475.33 11.86 12.13 165.58 $745.81 $773.26 $1,519.07 16.47
Youth Center 1 88.00%$12,731.96 1,737.67 5.93 6.06 82.79 $372.90 $386.63 $759.53 32.93
APPENDIX B
ECO CALCULATION
RESULTS – NOT
FUNDED
B02 - THERMAL INSULATION UPGRADE
Building Current
Insulation
Proposed
Insulation Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual kWh
Cost Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Washeteria, etc R-19 R-38 $12,000.00 0.00 21.69 21.69 154.94 $0.00 $723.59 16.58
C01 - THERMOSTAT UPGRADE
Building # of Thermo-
stats Installed
Cost Per
Thermostat Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual kWh
Cost Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Washeteria, etc 1 $290.00 $900.00 0.00 148.66 148.66 1,061.86 $0.00 $4,958.90 0.18
E01 - T8 LIGHTING UPGRADE
Building # of Fixtures
Price Per
Fixture Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric kW
Savings
Equivalent
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual kW &
kWh Cost
Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
School 9
Varies w/# of
lamps $5,000.00 209.58 2.38 0.72 15.21 $151.90 $71.03 32.92
E03 - INSTALL OCCUPANCY SENSORS
Building # of Sensors
Price Per
Fixture Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Electric kW
Savings
Equivalent
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual kWh
Cost Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
Clinic 7
Varies w/Type
and Location $2,200.00 698.43 0.00 2.38 50.68 $149.88 $236.69 9.29
Youth Center 1
Varies w/Type
and Location $500.00 109.20 0.00 0.37 7.92 $23.43 $37.01 13.51
M01 - BOILER TUNE-UP
Building Number of
Boilers
Increase in
Efficiency Total Cost
Electric
kWh
Savings
Fuel
mmBtu
Savings
Total
mmBtu
Savings
Equivalent
Fuel
Gallons
Savings
Annual kWh
Cost Savings
Annual
Equivalent
Fuel Cost
Savings
Simple
Payback
School 5 ~1%$7,310.83 0.00 75.17 75.17 536.90 $0.00 $2,507.32 2.92
APPENDIX B - ECO CALCULATION RESULTS - NOT FUNDED - KALTAG
Note: The reported simple paybacks are based on the type of ECO listed. For example, electrical ECOs only use the Annual kWh Cost Savings column to
calculate the SPB, even though the Annual Equivalent Fuel Cost Savings is still reported.
APPENDIX C
EQUATIONS USED IN
CALCULATIONS
ECO Equations
B01 1. Door Leakage Area (in2) = Door Area x Door Leakage Factor
2. Specific Infiltration (CFM/in2) = [ (Stack Coefficient x ΔT) + (Wind Coefficient x [Wind Speed]2 )]1/2
3. ΔT = Heating Setpoint Temp - Bin Temp
4. Air Infiltration (CFM) = Specific Infiltration x Door Leakage Area
5. Heat Loss Rate (Btu/hr) = 1.08 x Air Infiltration x ΔT
6. Heating Load (mmBtu) = Heat Loss Rate x Bin Hours / 1,000,000
7. Energy Savings = Baseline - Proposed
Note: This ECO was completed using the RETscreen program.
B02 Note: This ECO was completed using the RETscreen program.
Inputs are R-values reported in the appendices as well as the insulation square footage
C01 Note: This ECO is based on bin data, occupancy, heating peak loads, boiler efficiency, and an assumed night setback.
Baseline Usage = (Peak Load x Occupied Load Profile x All Hours) / Boiler Eff.
ECM Usage = [(Peak Load x Occupied Load Profile x Occupied Hours)
+ (Peak Load x Unoccupied Load Profile x Unoccupied Hours)] / Boiler Eff
mmBtu Saved = Baseline Usage - ECM Usage
E01 1. Baseline Demand (kW) = (Existing Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
2. Baseline Usage (kWh) = (Baseline Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
3. Proposed Demand (kW) = (Proposed Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
4. Proposed Usage (kWh) = (Proposed Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
5. Annual Energy Savings = (Baseline Energy Usage) - (Proposed Energy Usage)
6. Annual Cost Savings = (Energy Savings) x (Energy Cost)
E02 1. Baseline Demand (kW) = (Existing Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
2. Baseline Usage (kWh) = (Baseline Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
3. Proposed Demand (kW) = (Proposed Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
4. Proposed Usage (kWh) = (Proposed Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
5. Annual Energy Savings = (Baseline Energy Usage) - (Proposed Energy Usage)
6. Annual Cost Savings = (Energy Savings) x (Energy Cost)
E03 1. Baseline Usage (kWh) = (Existing Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) x (Existing Hours) / (1,000)
2. Proposed Usage (kWh) = (Existing Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) x [(Existing Hours) - (Hours Reduced)] / (1,000)
3. Annual Energy Savings = (Baseline Energy Usage) - (Proposed Energy Usage)
4. Annual Cost Savings = (Energy Savings) x (Energy Cost)
E04 1. Existing/Proposed Motor Demand (kW) = (Motor HP) x (Load Factor) x (0.746 kW/HP)/ Motor Efficiency
2. Existing/Proposed Motor Consumption (kWh) = (Motor Demand) x (Diversity Factor) x (Annual Hours)
3. kW Savings = [(Baseline kW) - ( Proposed kW)] x (12 Months)
4. kWh Savings = (Baseline kWh) - ( Proposed kWh)
5. Energy Cost Savings = Energy Savings (kW or kWh) x (Energy Unit Cost)
E05 1. Baseline Demand (kW) = (Existing Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
2. Baseline Usage (kWh) = (Baseline Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
3. Proposed Demand (kW) = (Proposed Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
4. Proposed Usage (kWh) = (Proposed Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
5. Annual Energy Savings = (Baseline Energy Usage) - (Proposed Energy Usage)
6. Annual Cost Savings = (Energy Savings) x (Energy Cost)
E06 1. Baseline Demand (kW) = (Existing Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
2. Baseline Usage (kWh) = (Baseline Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
3. Proposed Demand (kW) = (Proposed Fixture Wattage) x (Qty) X (12 Months) / (1,000)
4. Proposed Usage (kWh) = (Proposed Demand) x (Fixture Hours)
5. Annual Energy Savings = (Baseline Energy Usage) - (Proposed Energy Usage)
6. Annual Cost Savings = (Energy Savings) x (Energy Cost)
M01 Savings (MBtu) = (Boiler Input Rating) x ((1/Tested Efficiency)-(1/Desired Efficiency)) x (Hours per Year
Savings ($) = (MBtu Savings) x (Energy Cost)
M02 1. Annual Energy Usage (mmBtu) = (41,045 Btu/Day) x (Total Days/Yr) x (Total Heaters) / (Energy Factor or Thermal Efficiency
2. Annual Energy Usage (kWh) = (12.03 kWh/Day) x (Total Days/Yr) x (Total Heaters) / (Energy Factor or Thermal Efficiency
3. (Commercial Type Heaters) Annual Standby Losses (mmBtu) = (Btu/Hr) x (24 Hrs/Day) x (Total Days/Yr) x (Total Heaters) / (1,000,000
4. (Electric Type Heaters) Annual kW Use = System kW x 12
5. (Commercial Type Heaters) Total Annual Energy Usage (mmBtu) = Annual Energy Usage + Annual Standby Losses
6. Annual Savings = Baseline Conditions - Proposed Conditions
APPENDIX C - EQUATIONS USED IN CALCULATIONS - KALTAG
From the Energy Management Handbook, Turner, 4th Edition Table 13.8 p361
Savings from installing occupancy sensors are as follows
Offices (Private) 25-50%
Offices (Open Spaces)20-25%
Rest Rooms 30-75%
Corridors 30-40%
Storage Areas 45-65%
Meeting Rooms 45-65%
Conference Rooms 45-65%
Warehouses 50-75%
FOR E04
Load factor assumed to be 80% except in some cases. Vacuum pumps assumed 100% load factor.
Diversity factor assumed to be 95%.
Building
Characteristics
Space
Heat Cool Ventilation
Education 32.8 4.8 1.6
Food sales 27.5 13.4 4.4
Food service 30.9 19.5 5.3
Health care 55.2 9.9 7.2
Lodging 22.7 8.1 1.7
Mercantile and service 30.6 5.8 2.5
Office 24.3 9.1 5.2
Public assembly 53.6 6.3 3.5
Public order and safety 27.8 6.1 2.3
Religious worship 23.7 1.9 0.9
Storage/Warehouse 15.7 0.9 0.3
Vacant 11.9 0.6 0.3
FOR E03 - Hours Reduced
Tables 2A and 2B - 1995 Commercial Building Energy Consumption
2003 ASHRAE Applications Handbook, Chapter 35
Energy End-Use (1,000 Btu/ft2-yr)
APPENDIX D
POST INSTALLATION
PHOTOS
APPENDIX D – POST INSTALLATION PHOTOS – KALTAG
Completed Insulation Upgrade Completed Thermostat Upgrade
Completed T8 Lighting Upgrade Completed Occupancy Sensor Installation