HomeMy WebLinkAboutKlukwan Proposed Walker Lake Hydroelectric Project Reconnaissance Findings and Recommendation 1988...
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Alaska Power Authority
Klukwan
Proposed Walker Lake
Hydroelectric Project
Reconnaissance
Findings and Recommendations
July 1988
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Execut; ve Surrma ry III III III ••• III III • III •• III III ••••••• III III •• III III III III III •• III •• III III • III III III III III III III III III 1
Background .. III • III III III III • III III •• III • III III III III III III III III III III III III III •• III III III III III III III • III III III III • III III III III III III III III III • III 3
Electrical Energy Forecasts ....•......................•...•..... 5
Existing Energy Use .. III III III •• III III III. III •• III. III •• III III •• III III ••••• III III. III. III •• III III III III 5
Forecasts ....... III III III •• III III. III •• III •••••••• III III ••• III III III III •• III III III III •••• III III III III.. 6
Description of Proposed Hydroelectric
Alternatives ............... III •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• III •• 8
Financial Analysis of Hydroelectric
Alternatives .. III •••••• III III •• III •••• III III ••••••• III ••• III III ••• III •• III III •••• III. 10
Conclusions and Recommendations .......•....•.•.•......•••••...•. 11
Appendix A Optimized Diesel Concept and
Appendix B
Appendix C
Addendum
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Cost Estimate ••••••••.••••••••.•.••••••••.••••••• 12
Uti 1; ty Costs ... III III III •••••••••• III ••• III ••••• III III III •••• III •• 15
Hydroelectric Generation •.•.••....••.•••....••..• 17
Reconnaissance Level Feasibility StUd~
Walker Lake Hydropower Plant near Klu wan, Alaska
Ott Water Engineers, Inc.
February 1988
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TABLE OF CHARTS AND FIGURES
Page
Figure 1 Map of Klukwan/Haines Region .......................... ii
Figure 2 Flow Duration Curve .................................. 20
Table 1 -Comparison of Retail Electricity Prices ......•........ 3
Table 2 -Monthly Residential Use -1986 Data .•••..•.•...•••.... 6
Table 3 -Walker Lake Hydro Project ..•.••.....•••.•.•....••..... 8
Table 4 -Financial Analysis of Alternatives .•....••....•.....•• 10
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WALkER LAkE HYDROELECTRIC
PROJEC T
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The community of Klukwan has expressed an interest in a hydroelectric
project to supply it with a less expensive source of power at a more
stable cost. This interest led to analysis of a proposed hydroelectric
project at Wa 1 ker Lake, ei ght mi 1 es west of Kl ukwan. The communi tv IS
energy needs are presently met by diesel generators.
Under contract to the Power Authority, a reconnaissance level feasibil-
ity analysis was performed with three alternative configurations, each
configuration with the potential to supply Klukwan alone (Option A) or
to supply Klukwan and Haines (Option B). All alternatives using Op-
tion A were economically infeasible. The current estimated price of
electricity in Klukwan is 22 cents per kilowatt-hour (KWH), while the
price in Haines is 17 cents. For the three alternatives under Option B,
the costs per KWH for Haines and Klukwan are 27 cents, 30 cents and
20 cents, respectively. Consequently, only Alternative 3, Option B, at
20 cents per KWH is marginally feasible.
Three major considerations not addressed in the study greatly affect the
feasibility of any project at Walker Lake designed to serve the two
conununities with power. The first concern is whether a permit for a
transmission line across the Chtlkat Eagle Preserve would even be
considered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Secondly, if a permit
could be obtained, the line would most likely need to be underground
which would make the cost prohibitive. Routing the line around the
Preserve appears to be infeasible, because of the cost and the elec-
trical characteristics of a long line; for example, the charging cur-
rents and voltage losses are difficult to overcome when the line is
connecting small loads and/or generating plants. Another potential
difficulty is the time and expense of obtaining rights-of-way.
A third major consideration is whether Haines light and Power (HL&P)
would purchase the power if it could be delivered. As of March 31,
1988, HL&P entered into a contract with Onsite Energy/Haines for the
purchase of wood-fired, steam-generated power to meet its net power
requi rements. The purchase pri ce has a base rate of 6.7527 cents per
KWH, which is equal to HL&P's avoided fixed diesel generation costs and
current fuel costs. The on 1 y prov is i on wi th in the contract a 11 owi ng
HL&P to purchase power from other generation sources is for purchase
from generators of rated capacity less than 100 KW as required by law,
or if Onsite is unable to meet HL&P's net requirements.
An alternative solution for Klukwan proposed by Power Authority staff is
connecting Klukwan to Haines via an intertie. As a much larger utility,
HL&P can employ greater economies of scale and has the potential to
provide Klukwan with a reliable, less expensive source of power than
appears could be generated by the proposed hydro project.
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Before alternative solutions for supplying power to Klukwan are pursued,
a firm picture of utility costs and operations must be obtained.
Operating costs and revenues must be analyzed to develop a cost-based
rate structure for Klukwan. The utility presently charges a flat fee to
all consumers for electrical service, and the fee does not appear to be
covering the costs of operation. Rate structures that are not respon-
sive to changes in utility operating costs drain the financial resources
of the utility. If Klukwan were using a cost-based rate structure, the
community could also apply for Power Cost Equalization (PCE) assistance
to help consumers with power costs, and to provide the utility with
higher revenues to meet its operating costs.
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BACKGROUND
Electrical energy needs in Klukwan are supplied by two Caterpillar
diesel generators with a total installed capacity of 530 KW. Reliabil-
ity has been seriously affected by lack of funds for fuel, spare parts,
and maintenance personnel. No records exist of generation or fuel
usage, and all estimates are based on numbers provided by a volunteer
operator. Space is available for waste heat recapture equipment; and
with limited effort and expense, the power plant could be brought back
into acceptable condition. Appendix A provides technical details and
cost estimates for waste heat recapture installation in Klukwan.
Klukwan charges a flat rate of $40.00 per month for electricity for all
consumers. Power Authority staff has estimated the cost of power for
Klukwan to be 22 cents per KWH. Due to the lack of reliable accounting
data, the estimates are EXTREMELY rough. Except for fuel costs, the
estimates are based on Power Authority experience with similar small
utilities --not on accounting data from Klukwan. (See Appendix B).
The average energy generation for the community is 56,171 KWH per month.
The average consumption per residential consumer in Klukwan ;s 1,086 KWH
per month. The average cost for runni ng the uti 1 ity is $12,000 per
month. Revenues from consumers add up to $2,000 per month. Wi th a
negative cash flow of $10,000 per month, the utility is not self-
supporting.
From Power Authority experience, twenty-two cents per KWH is an inexpen-
sive electricity price for a small utility similar to Klukwan. It would
not be surprising to find that after a year of financial records, the
actual cost in Klukwan is much higher. For comparison, the table below
lists the 1986 residential cost and total monthly generation of various
small utilities around the state.
TABLE 1
COMPARISON OF RETAIL ELECTRICITY PRICES
Uti 1 ity
Tenakee Springs
THREA (5 villages)
Haines
Yakutat
Wrangell
Cordova
Glennallen
Kodiak
Klukwan
Residential*
Price
(¢/KWH)
39.0
34.5
16.6
17.3
14.0
21.1
20.5
16.8
????
* Alaska Electric Power Statistics, November 1987.
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Monthly *
Residential
Consumption (KWH)
21,667
328,000
249,250
137,000
431,250
415,000
290,000
1,578,000
56,171
These utilities can afford to spread their costs over a much larger rate
base, yet their prices are high. It is extremely doubtful that a small
diesel utility with Klukwan's experience could approach their prices.
Twenty-two cents per KWH for Klukwan is a conservative estimate of
costs. In addition, as some of Klukwan's consumers decrease their con-
sumption, fixed costs will be spread over a smaller amount of electric-
ity, and the cost per kilowatt-hour is likely to increase. It is ex-
pected that consumers will decrease their consumption if they are
charged the true costs of power in Klukwan, as it is quite a bit higher
than what they are paying now. The current $40.00 charge covers only
182 KWH per month per consumer, if twenty-two cents per KWH is a correct
estimate.
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY FORECASTS
Historical Energy Production
The only data available on historical electrical energy production in
K1ukwan is:
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
Total Production
Not Metered
Not Metered
505,000 KWH (Estimated)
674,050 KWH (Estimated)
Of the total energy production, the load variation (monthly percent of
annual production) falls in the following pattern:
January
February
March
April
May
June
9.5%
8.1%
8.5%
7.6%
6.9%
8.4%
July
August
September
October
November
December
7.5%
8.2%
8.2%
8.6%
8.0%
10.7%
The annual load curve is an estimate based on the annual residential
load curve for Hoonah, as information is not available for K1ukwan. To-
tal generation is derived from comparison of the number of residents in
K1ukwan to the number of residents in Hoonah.
Existing Energy Use
K1ukwan's consumers use an unusually large amount of electricity com-
pared to other rural Alaska cOlT1l1unities. The utility's sales averaged
56,171 KWH per month between August 1984 and January 1985. That amount
is equivalent to 1,086 KWH per customer per month. Table 2 shows the
average monthly residential use for various cities in Alaska. The table
shows K1ukwan's electricity use to be quite high.
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TABLE 2
MONTHLY RESIDENTIAL USE -1986 DATA
Average Residential
Community Utility Use (KWH)
Tenakee Springs TSE 228
5 Villages THREA 473
Juneau AEL&P 1,000 (including
electric heat)
Haines HL&P 480
Wrangell WML&P 460
Yakutat YPI 564
Anchorage AML&P 598
Anchorage CEA 727
Klukwan ------1,086 (1984 data)
Not all consumers use 1,000 KWH per month. The distribution in elec-
tricity use is quite large. Some consumers use very little; other use
an incredible amount. Consumption data between August 1984 and
January 1985 shows that four of Klukwan's 55 residential consumers aver-
age over 2,500 KWH per month, sixteen consumers averaged between 500 and
1,000 KWH per month, and 29 consumers --just over half --used less
than 1,000 KWH per month.
Forecasts
Klukwan's consumers are using more energy than would normally be
expected, if a progressive rate structure were instituted instead of a
flat fee. Demand should decrease if a progressive structure is insti-
tuted. For the purpose of this analysis, 750 KWH per month per consumer
was assumed as an estimate of consumption. This is the amount presently
allowed for claims under the Power Cost Equalization (PCE) program and
is somewhat less than average consumption in Anchorage and Juneau, but
is substantially higher than other small communities in Southeast
Alaska. Given the 55 residential consumers and an average of 750 KWH
per month, one fi nds an average of 41,250 KWH estimated load on the
utility. This forecast in itself may be overly optimistic due to the
750 KWH/consumer/month assumption. One might assume a lower consumption
per month of about 650 KWH/month which would be slightly more in line
with similarly sized communities in southeast Alaska. If one then as-
sumes a relatively small rate of growth (for example, one percent per
year), one would arrive at the following forecasts:
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Year
1987
1992
1997
2002
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Energy Forecas t
(Assuming 750 KWH/mo)
KWH
41,250
45,570
47,890
50,330
7
Energy Forecast
(Assuming 650 KWH/mo)
KWH
35,750
37,570
41,500
43,620
DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED HYDROELECTRIC ALTERNATIVE
The proposed hydroelectric development at Walker Lake would be located
approximately eight miles west of K1ukwan. Walker Lake is one mile long
and on a branch of the Little Salmon River where the proposed power
house would be located. A 7.9-mi1e, 34.5 kV transmission line would run
from the powerhouse to supply the community of Klukwan (Option A). If
Haines were intertied (Option B) to absorb excess power from the hydro
project, an additional 12-mi1e transmission would be required.
Technical backup on the hydro power computations is available in Appen-
dix C. Design detail is available in the the Walker Lake Hydropower
Project by Ott Water Engineers, February 1988.
Table 3 is a summary of pertinent aspects of the different hydropower
design alternatives:
TABLE 3
WALKER LAKE HYDRO PROJECT
OPTION A OPTION B
AL TERNATIVES: 1 2 1 2 3
Capacity (KW) 270 250 1,000 920 1,000
Cost ($000) 4,005 4,579 7,425 7,622 10,779
Energy Ava 11 574 605 2,875 2,673 5,429
(MWH)
The energy available is the average annual energy based upon the average
monthly flows derived from stream gage data collected for portions of
1985, 1986 and 1987 by the Division of Geologic and Geophysical Survey
(DGGS) within the Alaska Department of Natural Resources (DNR). A flow
duration curve developed from the data determined the project's hydro-
power potential.
There is no Alternative 3 under Option A because the increased cost of
construction would not be justified to serve only the Klukwan energy
demand.
Alternative 1, Options A and B, utilizes a diversion dam in Walker Creek
below the outlet of Walker Lake. This alternative would require diesel
generation for support to meet peak demand.
Alternative 2, Options A and B, incorporates a storage capacity with two
dams at Walker Lake, giving the hydro project the capacity to meet peak
energy demand without diesel support.
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Alternative 3, Option B, has the same layout as that for Alternative 2,
however with the addition of a diversion and intake structure on the
Little Salmon River. A pipeline would then carry water from the river
to Walker Lake. larger pipe would carry the greater total flow to the
powerhouse. Additional road and a bridge for access to the Little
Salmon River would be necessary for this alternative.
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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
To assess the project's financial feasibility, Power Authority staff
performed a preliminary financial analysis assuminQ bond financing with
an interest rate of 8.25 percent and a 30-year amortization period. A
general inflation rate of 4.5 percent is used during the 20-year plan-
ning period. The results indicated that the only alternative to show
marginal feasibility was Option B, Alternative 3. Costs include debt
service for the proposed alternatives and their respective operation and
maintenance costs.
Table 4 summarizes the results of the financial analysis. Both alterna-
tives under Option A are infeasible as the length of time for the costs
of power to be comparable to diesel costs are in excess of 20 years.
Alternatives 1 and 2 under Option B are infeasible as their costs of
power remain in excess of diesel costs eleven to fourteen years. With a
projected cost crossover at six years, Alternative 3 under Option B is
the only potentially, financially viable scenario of those proposed.
Any cost increases from transmission line rerouting or design would most
likely make this alternative infeasible also.
Klukwan
Haines
Option A
Alternative 1
A lternati ve 2
Option B
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
Alternative 3
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TABLE 4
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
Energy Cost
Cents Per KWH
1990 1995
23
18
30.19
33.82
23.14
10
29
23
29.66
33.35
22.70
Project
Crossover
Years
20+
20+
11
14
6
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
With current cost estimates only one of the proposed hydroelectric
alternatives is marginally economically and financially feasible. The
hydroelectric proposal does not take into account: 1) the highly
questionable possibility of crossing the Chilkat Eagle Preserve; 2) the
high cost of an underground cable if a crossing permit is obtained; 3)
the low probability of a technically feasible transmission line if the
Preserve cannot be crossed. It also assumes that Haines is willing and
able to purchase all excess power from the hydro project that is not
useable by Klukwan.
Staff foresee the plausible options for Klukwan as a scenario for
upgrading the present system and optimizing the system with waste heat
recovery, or pursuing an analysis of a transmission line intertying
Klukwan with Haines.
The costs incurred by the Power Authority for the 1987 construction of
an intertie between Craig and Klawock on Prince of Wales Island are
transferrable to this project. At $90,000 per mile for an overhead line
plus $80,000 for mobilization and demobilization, the estimated project
cost is $1,160,000. Minimal to light clearing should be necessary, as
an intertie would follow the highway.
Further studies of alternatives should be suspended until at least one
year of operating data is collected for Klukwan. Without this informa-
tion, it is impossible to determine the true avoided cost of diesel
generation for the community. Also, a cost-based rate structure must be
developed to provide adequate revenues to cover operating expenditures.
Generation and consumption data should be collected to determine the
rate of consumption, pinpoint efficiency problems and develop forecasts
of future energy needs. Conservation programs might be initiated to
lessen the impact on the utility and the portion of the consumers who
have high electricity usage. With the additional data, peE assistance
may be available to reduce the cost of power to consumers, and provide
sufficient revenue for the utility to maintain the system.
During the period of additional data collection, the community might
want to continue the stream gaging program. At this point in time, the
Power Authority has no funds for pursuing a feasibility study or assist-
ing in construction of a hydro project at Klukwan.
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APPENDIX A
OPTIMIZED DIESEL GENERATION THROUGH WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
Work on the feasibility of waste heat for K1ukwan was completed for the
Alaska Power Authority by Raj Bhargava and Associates in April 1985 in a
report titled Rural Ener Construction Pro ram 1984-1985, 42 Villa es
Waste Heat Recovery an na YS1S or onservatlonn. e report reVlewe
various villages and recommended some of them for construction of waste
heat systems. K1ukwan was fifth out of eleven villages in the cate-
gory 111. Recommended Installations,1I when considering the number of
years for simple pay-back (7.8 years) with a project cost savings of
$34,267 per year.
System Description
There are three potential buildings which could use waste heat from the
diesel system. The following is a description of each building and an
estimate of the fuel oil used.
BUILDING NAME: Fire Station
OWNER: Village of K1ukwan
Current Use: Fire Station
Type of Construction: Wood frame, plywood siding
Size: Approximately 1,200 square feet
General Condition: Fair -poor
Estimated Annual Fuel Oil Consumption: 1,000 gallons
Type of Heating System: Wood stove to keep from freezing
Plans for Future Use: As present
BUILDING NAME: Elementary school
OWNER: Chatham School District
Current Use: New school (1985)
Type of Construction: Wood frame, plywood siding
Size: Approximately 18,200 square feet
General Condition: New
Estimated Annual Fuel Oil Consumption: 15,000 gallons
Type of Heating System: 2 boilers for baseboard.
Separate hot water heater.
Plans for Future Building Use: Village School
BUILDING NAME: Tribal House, Assembly Hall
OWNER: Village of K1ukwan
Current Use: Assembly Hall, City Hall
Type of Construction: Log house and wood frame/plywood addition
Size: Approximately 1,920 square feet
General Condition: Fair. Some improvements needed.
Estimated Annual Fuel Oil Consumption: 2,530 gallons
Type of Heating System: Wood stove and boiler with board and
coil for hot water.
Plans for Future Building Use: As present
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Conceptual Design and Capital Cost
Design of the waste heat recovery system would include installation of a
common cooling manifold and heat recovery equipment in the power plant.
In addition, a horizontal core radiator with a two-speed motor would be
constructed outside the power plant.
District heating lines between the power plant and the school would be
constructed. The line would be connected to the boiler return line
through a heat exchanger. The Tribal House would be connected to the
system by a branch line and would include the installation of two
cabinet unit heaters in the building. The Fire Hall would require the
installation of one unit heater and a connection with the Tribal House
by way of two one-inch lines.
Waste Heat Cost Estimate
(1985 $)
Description
A. Outside Work
B. Power plant
C. Fi re Hall
D. Tribal House
E. School
SUBTOTAL
F. Design, Construction Management
and Administration (25%)
SUBTOTAL
G. Contingencies (20%)
TOTAL
Economic Pay-Back
Costs ($)
$ 80,300
47,670
7,380
11 ,460
21,330
$168,140
$ 42,000
$210,140
$ 42,00
$252,000
The 42-Village report estimated that approximately 11 ,800 gallons of
fuel per year would be saved by the waste heat recovery system. This
savings would be due to the heat provided to the three buildings in-
cluded in the conceptual design. In addition to the fuel savings,
there would also be electrical savings due to the removal of the engine-
driven fan motor, and the installation of new pumps. It is expected
that there would be a net savings of 7.1 KW for the entire year or about
62,195 KWH (7.1 x 8,260 hours/year).
Therefore, the overall cost savings would be the following:
Description
Fuel (11,800 gal x $1.06/gal)
Electricity (22,195 KWH * $0.22/KWH)
Total Savings
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Savings
$ 12,500
$ 13,682
$ 26, 182
Therefore, simple pay-back would occur in ($252,OOO/$26,182/year) or
9.6 years.
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Labor Costs
APPENDIX B
UTILITY OPERATING COSTS
Tasks requiring labor include maintaining the generators and dis-
tribution system, reading meters, collecting bills, maintaining account-
ing records, and performing the necessary paperwork and administrative
tasks. It is estimated that these tasks will require two or three
part-time employees. We recommend that there be one power plant
operator. It is difficult to estimate the amount of time required to
maintain the plant, but for purpose of this cost projection, two half-
time people will be assumed. The cost per half-time person is assumed
to be $30,000 per year including benefits, taxes, etc. Total labor
costs are, therefore, $2,500 per month. (Remember, $2, 500/month does
not mean that the operators will take home that amount. Much of the
expense pays for benefits and taxes.)
Expense -$2,500/month.
Operating Supplies
Operating supplies include lube, oil, filters, repairs, rags, pens,
pencils, etc. This category does not include major overhauls or cata-
strophic break-downs. It only includes the on-going maintenance and
repair of the diesels and distribution system.
Expense -2.0¢/KWH
Accounting Consultants
To properly run the utility, K1ukwan will need an accountant to set up
the system, to perform periodic audits, and to troubleshoot problems.
Expense -$450/month.
Fuel Costs
The most obvious generating expense is the fuel cost. K1ukwan's records
show that the power plant efficiency is only 7.95 KWH per gallon. The
fuel price is $1.06/ga110n; thus, the fuel cost is 13.33¢/KWH.
Expense -13.33¢/KWH.
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Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous costs include insurance. a reserve for major breakdowns.
etc. These costs are real and will undoubtedly be required. but without
detailed accounting records they are difficult to estimate. roughly
$550/month.
Expense -$550/month.
Total Cost
The total of the above estimates is shown below.
Fixed Costs
Labor
Accounting
Miscellaneous
TOTAL
$2.500
$ 450
$ 550
$3,500/month
Variable Costs
Operation and
Maintenance
Fuel
2.00¢/KWH
13.33tt/KWH
15.33¢/KWH
Average consumption between August 1984 and January 1985 was 56,171 KWH
per month. Therefore, the average cost per KWH for that peri ad is
estimated to be:
$3,500/56,171 KWH + 15.33¢/KWH = 22.0¢/KWH
Klukwan's true electricity cost is estimated to be, very roughly.
twenty-two cents per KWH. That is, it costs the community of Klukwan
22¢ for every k i 1 owatt-hour it generates --whether or not consumers
actually pay that amount.
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Methodology
APPENDIX C
HYDROELECTRIC GENERATION
The report Feas"ibility Studies for Small Scale Hydropower Additions,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, July 1979, was utillZed to estimate the
plant size and annual generation in Klukwan. Hydrologic information
was collected by the Division of Geologic and Geophysical Survey (DGGS),
Department of Natural Resources (ONR). DGGS also completed standard
flow duration computations which were utilized with the feasibility
report to size the hydro project.
Walker Lake Analysis
The Corps' report illustrates that the efficiency of an impulse turbine
is relatively flat at about 90 percent over a wider range of capacity
(40 percent to 93 percent of rated capacity) than a Francis turbine.
The Francis turbine maintains about an 88 percent efficiency over a
range of capacity between 70 percent and 90 percent of rated capacity.
Therefore, an impulse turbine was selected for the analysis. The
overall efficiency of the generator, turbine, and associated machinery
was taken to be 0.86.
DGGS collected stream flow data and calculated a flow duration curve.
Fi gure 1 ill ustrates the curve. If one assumes that Q50% may be the
best design discharge (Q50% = 5.7 cfs), then the power equation is as
follows:
P = ....Q!!L 11.8
Where P = Power in KW
Q = Discharge in cfs (Q50% = 5.7 cfs)
H = Net head in feet (assumed 700 ft)
E = Efficiency of machinery (0.86 assumed)
The power that would be generated is 291 KW. This is very close to the
size of the two existing diesel generation units which are 265 KW each.
If we then establish that the lowest capacity at which we would wish to
operate the generator was 30 percent of rated capacity and the highest
possible was 115 percent of rated capacity, then we would have the
following operational capabilities:
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Description
30% Rated Capacity
100% Rated Capacity
115% Rated Capacity
Capacity
Available
87 KW
291 KW
335 KW
Discharge
(CFS)
1.71
5.70
6.55
% Time
Flow is
Equaled or
Exceeded
94
50
46
If one assumes that when the flow is so high that the plant will have
too much back-water in the system to operate, then one might eliminate
three percent of the time available. This would reduce the 94 percent
and 46 percent to 91 percent and 43 percent of the time that the qenera-
tors could be operational in a year. The remaining time would need to
be picked up by diesel generation. The information above indicates that
91 percent of the time one could guarantee 87 KW being available to
produce electricity, and that up to 46 percent of the time one could
guarantee 335 KW of capacity.
If we compute the area under the curve which is the cross hatched area
in Figure 2, we will obtain the average annual inflow which is available
for power generation. We approximated the area by sectioning it off
into rectangles and triangles with the following computation:
A 1 = 6.55 (0.46 -0.03)
A 2 = t (b) (h) (6.55 -1.7) (0.94 -0.46)
A 3 = (1.7 -1) (0.94 -0.46)
Total Discharge Available for Power Production
= 2.82
= 1.16
= 0.33
4.31 cfs
If we return to the power equation and use the total number of hours in
a year (8760), then we can calculate the average annual energy.
Energy = (QHE x 8760)/11.8)
or E = [(4.31) (700) (.86) (8760)J/ll.8
E = 1,926,200 KWH
This is the average annual energy which the plant would be capable of
producing. It can be compared to the estimated 1985 energy consumption
of 674,050 KWH, or about one-third of the capability of the plant. The
1,926,000 KWH figure may be somewhat misleading, since some of the
higher discharge levels may be producing large quantities of energy when
they are not needed. The calculation indicates that there is enerqy
physically available. If we use only the lowest capacity of 87 KW
available for the year (8760 hours), then we find that the production
would be 762,120 KWH which still exceeds the total 1985 consumption. We
should also note that the 87 KW would be available 91 percent of the
time.
3053/866/20 18
We could down-size the generation plant, but it is unlikely that would
increase efficiency. Efficiency is relatively flat equalling 90 percent
between 40 and 93 percent and slowly decreasing on each end. Therefore,
no substantial efficiency advantage is expected to be incurred by
decreasing the plant size at this level of study. There might be some
cost savings with a smaller plant, but it is expected to be minimal.
Therefore, an installed capacity of 290 KW and a capability of producing
1,926,000 KWH will be assumed for this study. Any revisions are expect-
ed to occur in the design stage.
3053/866/21 19
(Flow I. Equalled or Exceeded)
10:)0 2rO~.;;.o __ 15 __ I' O~_i' 5~..::2rO __ ..;;.3rO_14.;;.0_...;5TO~-16Fo __ '..;.r; __ 8;;.;0;......:::a.;;.5_...;9;.:;0:....._....;;,9~5 __ .....;;.;98rO/:: J OOG
L __ 3
8 __ 8
7 ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
6--t-------r-----r--~-+---+--_+-~-~
5--+------r-----r---~--+-----+---_+-~--~
Walker Lake Outlet
4--+------+-----+----r--~----~--_+----r_~
Flow Duration Curve
3_ -+-------+-----+----t---~----~---t----r____f
June 1987
~---.r_~~-i--_t----r_-+-----+--_i----t_--i_--~---~--~--~----~----~-2
100 __ _.100
9 __ --9
8 __ __8
7_. _.7
6 __ _6
5_. -~ -U) 4 .. __ 4
U.
U -__ 3 • 0 -U. 2 •• __ 2
10._ _.10
9 .. __9
8 .. __ 8
7 . -_7
6 .. _..6
5. __ 5
4 .. -~
3_. _.3
2_ . _ .2
1 •• ~ __ IIbJ . .I
Figure 2
Flow-Duration Curve: Walker Lake Outlet Log-Probability (All Flow.)
RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL
FEASIBILITY STUDY
WALKER LAKE HYDROPOWER PROJECT
NEAR KLUKWAN, ALASKA
. prepared for:
Alaska Power Authority
P.o. Box 190869
Anchoraqe, Alaska 99519
Prepared by:
ott water Enqineers, Inc.
444& Business Park Blvd.
Anchoraqe, Alaska 99503
June 1988
Al132.01
TABLE OP CONTENTS
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
INTRODUCTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION . . • . 4
Alternative 1 -Walker Creek Diversion . . . . 4
Alternative 2 Walker Lake Dam . . . . . . . 5
Alternative 3 Walker Lake Dam with Little
Salmon River Diversion . . . . . . 6
Power Loads and Power Costs . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7
POWER GENERATION . • .
Hydrology . .. ..• . . . . .
Power Generation and Use . . • • • .
9
9
9
PROJECT COSTS . . . . . • • • • • . • • . . . . . . . . .. 11
PROJECT FEASIBILITY .
Other Issues . .
APPENDIX A Field Trip Report
APPENDIX B Cost Breakdowns
12
12
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KLUKWAN HYDROPOWER
FEASIBILITY REPORT
Three alternative project configurations were considered for each
of two options: A. service to Klukwan only, and B. service to
Klukwan and Haines. The three alternatives are:
o Diversion from Walker Creek
o Dam and Diversion from Walker Lake
o Dam and Diversion from Walker Lake with Diversion from
Little Salmon River into Walker Lake.
Cost and power generation analyses were performed on all
alternatives under both options. Capital costs were converted to
annual costs and added to the estimated Operation and Maintenance
(O&M) costs. The average annual generation was also computed for
each alternative and option. These values were divided into their
respective annual costs to obtain project costs per kilowatt hour.
All alternatives serving electricity to Klukwan only (Option A)
were infeasible. Alternatives 1, 2, and 3 serving Haines and
Klukwan (Option B) had costs of $0.27, $0.30 and $.20/kwhr,
respectively, which are close to the price of diesel-generated
energy in Klukwan ($0. 22/kwhr) and Haines ($0.17/kwhr).
Alternative 3, option B, appears to be marginally feasible,
especially if escalation of energy costs are taken into account.
In addition, residents between Klukwan and Haines who are without
power would receive electric service for the first time.
-1-
The major areas of uncertainty in this reconnaissance level
feasibility are listed below:
o Lack of flow data.
o Added benefit from storage at Walker Lake.
require a small operations study.
This would
o Lack of actual loads and load curves at Haines and
Klukwan.
o Whether a dam at the southeast end of Walker Lake is
necessary.
o Soils data at powerhouse, dams, and pipeline routes.
These items should be concentrated on during any further study of
the project's feasibility. Further study would be appropriate to
refine the project configuration, cost estimate, and explore the
market for energy in Haines.
-2-
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study is to provide a reconnaissance level
economic feasibility study for the Walker Lake Hydropower Project.
This study is based on one site visit, which took place on
November 20, 1987 and was limited in scope due to weather
conditions. See Appendix A. Other data used in the report
consisted of data from previous studies and hydrology supplied by
the Alaska Department of Natural Resources. The cost estimates
relied heavily on previous projects recently completed in
southeast Alaska. This report does not evaluate the financial
feasibility of the project, nor does it investigate the
feasibility of alternatives for providing the necessary
infrastructure for operating a plant.
This report was completed by ott Water Engineers, Inc. (OTT) under
a subcontract with Fryer/Pressley Engineering, Inc. who are under
an open-ended contract with the Alaska Power Authority.
-3-
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Three project alternatives were investigated and are listed below:
1. Walker Creek Diversion
2. Walker Lake Dam
3. Walker Lake Dam with Little Salmon River Diversion
Each proj ect would have different costs and energy generating
capabilities. The three alternatives were evaluated under the
following load options:
A. Supply the load at Klukwan only.
B. Supply Klukwan, plus sell extra power to Haines.
The loads supplied under each of these options are explained in a
later section.
ALTERNATIVB 1 -WALKER CREEK DIVBRSION
The pertinent characteristics of this alternative are shown on
Table 1. This alternative would consist of a diversion structure
located about 3,000 feet downstream of the outlet to Walker Lake
at an approximate elevation of 1150 feet MSL. See Figure 1. The
diversion would consist of a gravity dam about a-feet high and
100-feet long, constructed of cyclopian concrete (large rocks and
concrete), and would contain a 36-inch sluice gate near the
intake. The intake would have a trashrack only. No provisions
have been incorporated in any of the alternatives for fish
screening. From the intake, a low-pressure pipeline would run
along the side of the hill to maintain a small pressure in the
pipe. This pipe would transition to the penstock which would run
down hill to the powerhouse.
-4-
The powerhouse would be located at an approximate elevation of 400
feet MSL on the left bank of the Little Salmon River just upstream
of the present bridge (see Figure 1). The powerhouse site
contains enough level area for a powerhouse and switchyard. The
powerhouse foundation might need crushed rock fill as it appears
the drainage in this area is relatively poor. The powerhouse
would consist of a concrete foundation which would incorporate a
tailrace channel and support a prefabricated metal building. Its
size for options A and B would be 512 and 988 square feet,
respectively. The powerhouse would contain the main control board
and supervisory equipment, turbine, generator, and overhead
travelling crane. It would also contain provisions for remote
control from Klukwan or Haines.
The road from the Klehini River Bridge to the powerhouse would
require upgrading. Major upgrade would be required of the logging
road which extends from the Klehini River Road to a point near the
planned diversion site. See Figure 1. About.7 miles of new road
would be required from the end of the logging road to the
diversion site.
Under option A, the transmission line would run from the
powerhouse site to Klukwan, a distance of about 7.9 miles, as
shown on Figure 1. Under option B, an additional 12 miles of
transmission line would be required from Klukwan to Haines. A new
sUbstation would also be required in Klukwan to accept the power.
ALTERNATIVB 2 -WALKER LAKE DAM
This alternative involves providing two small dams on Walker Lake
to provide extra storage for powerplant operation. Storage would
be required to meet peak loads, especially in the winter time.
Under Alternative 1, there will be periods during which the power
generation of the hydro uni t would have to be supplemented by
-5-
standby diesel power. This alternative would eliminate or reduce
the need for supplemental diesel power.
The two dams would be located at the outlet of the lake and at the
extreme southeast tip of Walker Lake. The need for the second dam
and its required height remains to be determined since the site
could not be visited during the field trip. The intake structure
would be located at the southeast end of the lake as shown on
Figure 1.
The low-pressure pipeline would have a diameter of 14-inches under
Option A and 24-inches under Option B. It would run from the
intake structure at the southeast tip of the lake to a point
adjacent to the Alternative 1 diversion. At this point, it would
follow the Alternative 1 pipeline alignment. Both the penstock
and the powerhouse would be located in the same area as described
for Alternative 1. The powerhouse size would be the same as
Alternative 1.
The road rehabilitation would be the same as Alternative 1, with
the exception of the requirement for 1 mile of additional road to
access the two dam sites and intake structure. The length of the
transmission line would also remain the same as Alternative 1.
ALTERNATIVB 3 -WALKER LAKE DAN WITH LITTLB SALMON RIVER DIVERSION
The layout for Alternative 3 project is shown on Figure 1, and the
project characteristics are given in Table 1. Alternative 3 is
the same as Alternative 2 with the addition of a diversion and
intake structure at an elevation of approximately 1250 feet mean
sea level on the Little Salmon River. The diversion structure was
assumed to be of the same size and construction as the diversion
described in Alternative 1. An lS-inch pipeline would carry water
from the Little Salmon River to Walker Lake, and would be buried
in the access road for most of its length. The remainder of the
-6-
project would be the same as Alternative 2 with the exception of a
larger diameter low-pressure pipe and penstock to carry the
greater flow from Walker Lake to the powerhouse. This alternative
would double the powerplant capacity over that of Alternative 2.
An additional 0.8 miles of road and a bridge would be required to
access the Little Salmon River diversion.
option A of Alternative 3 was not analyzed because the additional
cost would not justify the very small increment of energy to serve
Klukwan only. Alternative 3 would only be attractive if it could
supply power to a larger load (i.e., Haines).
POWER LOADS AND POWER COSTS
The Alaska Power Authority (APA) in their June 1987 Klukwan
Feasibility Report, estimated an average of 750 kwh per month, per
consumer would be realized. This would result in an
monthly demand of 50,330 kwh per month in the Year 2002.
equivalent to 603,960 kwh in a year.
average
This is
This demand was spread over 12 months using an allocation curve
found in the report by Raj Bhargava and Associates (April 1985).
This load curve is based on a residential energy load curve
developed for Hoonah, Alaska and is shown in the table below:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
-7-
9.5%
8.1%
8.5%
7.6%
6.9%
8.4%
7.5%
8.2%
7.9%
8.6%
November
December
8.0%
10.8%
The above figures were used in evaluating the feasibility of each
alternative.
-8-
mBIB 1
AIJJ:ERNM'IVB 1 AIIl'ERNM'IVE 2
1IALla!:R CRI!Zlt 1IALla!:R URE
DJ:VERSIaf ON(
OPl'Iaf A OPl'Iaf B OPl'Iaf A OPl'ION B
capacity (kw) 270 1000 250 920
Gross Head (feet) 750 750 780 780
Max:im.nn Flow (cfs) 5.6 19.9 5.0 17.8
Diversion/Intake 1 1 2** 2**
It:M Pressure Pipeline
Diameter (iIxnes) 14 24 14 24
~ (feet) 7020 7020 9660 9660
Penstock
Diameter (irr.hes) 14 24 14 24
~ (feet) 2150 2150 2150 2150
Powerhouse Size (feet) 16 X 32 26 X 38 16 X 32 26 X 38
Roads
New' (miles) 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.7
Rehabilitated (miles) * 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
(6.0) (6.0) (6.0) (6.0)
Transmission Line
Ien;Jth (miles) 7.9 19.9 7.9 19.9
Voltage (kv) 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.5
* 3.1 miles of major rehabilitation of lcq:Jin;J roads.
6.0 miles of mioor rehabilitation.
ALTERNATIVE 3
WALD:R lAm ON(
wrm LITrLE SMH:lN
DIVERSION
OPl'ION A OPl'ION B
1900
780
36.7
3**
30
15470***
30
2150
30 X 44
2.5
3.1
(6.0)
19.9
34.5
** 2 dams at Walker Lake. one of which contains an intake structure.
*** Includes 5810 feet of 18-in::h pipe fran Little SalIron River Diversion to Walker
lake.
each section of the flow duration curve which was then summed to
produce the average annual energy.
The average annual energy was then distributed to each month over
the year based on the average monthly flows. This produced an
average monthly power generation available which was compared with
a load for each month. For all alternatives, the average monthly
power generation equalled or exceeded the average monthly load.
However, there may be times when peak daily and hourly demand will
exceed the capacity of the unit and the backup diesel generators
would have to be used for Alternative 1, Option A. Even though
the plant capacity for Alternative 2 is less than Alternative 1,
more energy would be generated in Alternative 2 since the peak
demand could be met by using stored water in Walker Lake. Under
Option B, the total amount of energy generated by the plant was
assumed to be used by Klukwan and Haines. Table 2 shows the
average annual energy produced by each of the al ternati ves and
their options.
TABLB 2
AVERAGE ANHOAL ENERGY GENERATED
AVERAGE ANHOAL
OPTION ENERGY (KWH)
Alternative 1 A 574
B 2875
Alternative 2 A 605
B 2673
Alternative J A N/A
B 5429
-10-
PROJECT COSTS
The project
characteristics
cost estimates were
outlined in Table 1
based
and on
on
the
the project
quantities of
concrete and excavation required for similar projects. Estimates
in southeast Alaska also reflect unit costs for a proj ect under
construction and for another hydropower feasibility performed by
OTT. Both projects are in southeast Alaska. Specific cost data
and quantities are presented in Appendix B.
The following general assumptions were made in computing the
project costs:
o Concrete, crushed rock, and riprap are available in
Haines.
o The low-pressure pipeline could be buried in standard
soil (i.e., no rock excavation required).
o Temporary access roads would be constructed to install
the above-ground penstock.
o No costs would be incurred for land rights for the
project or the transmission lines.
o The cost calculation did not take into account a buried
transmission line which might be required in or near the
Chilkat·· Eagle Preserve. This could significantly
increase the transmission line costs. The costs did
account for rapt or proof pole and cross-arm
arrangements.
Table 3 shows the estimated cost of each project alternative and
option, including engineering costs.
-11-
APPENDIX A
FIELD TRIP REPORT
-14-
WALKER LAKE HYDRO
FIELD OBSERVATION REPORT
Al132.01
o Temperature: 30· F
o snowing, about 1 to 2 feet of snow on the ground at the
powerhouse site
November 19, 1987, 10:30 am
In the area just upstream of the bridge I took several pictures of
the powerhouse site along the Little Salmon River. In the area
just above the left overbank is the location of the powerhouse.
There are cottonwoods and alders along the left overbank which
varies from about 20 to about 60 feet in width. The powerhouse
would be located in the flat area above the flood plain on the
left bank. There are some large cottonwood trees in this area up
to three to four feet in diameter. This site could be marshy in
the spring and summer months. It is a level area which forms a
triangle. Two sides of the triangle are formed by the Little
Salmon River and the base of the hill to the Northwest. The other
side of the triangle is along the road which crosses the Little
Salmon River. Foundations could be a problem due to the possible
swampy nature of this area. There are no fir trees growing in
this area only alders and cottonwoods.
I've taken several pictures from the bridge looking to the east.
The bridge is a high point. The road drops about 6 to 8 vertical
feet to a low point where a small stream passes under the road
through a culvert. This stream probably drains the marshy area
that lies in the northeast corner of the trianglular area.
Stan Carrick, from the Department of Natural Resources said that
he thinks the powerhouse site consists of alluvium rather than
-1-
marshy material. If the alluvium is several feet thick it
probably would not be a problem for the powerhouse foundation.
This is being dictated from the top of the road at the low point
mentioned above. There is definitely a creek running through this
area. There seems to be two channels coming together at a point
just upstream of the road. One comes from north of the road
entering perpendicular to the road and the other comes from a
point east-northeast of the road. Both seem to be draining this
flat area.
The hill above the powerhouse site does not seen to be
particularly steep. From the road the slope appears to have from
50 to 80 percent slopes. The hill is heavily forested. I can't
see any evidence of slides where the penstock would be coming down
the hill. There seems to be some bare spots on the slope near the
River although, it is difficult to tell through the falling snow.
After taking off from the bridge site we flew up the Little Salmon
River and then up Walker Creek to Walker Lake. The visibility was
about a 1/4 of a mile and it was snowing rather heavily. Since
the weather might close in at any time, the pilot did not want
land and let us inspect the site or maintain the stream gage at
the lake. I was not able to inspect the dam sites at the creek's
exit from the lake or at the southeast end of the lake.
As we flew back down the Little Salmon River, I was able to see
the penstock route. It appears that the dam would be very easy to
construct. The first portion of the low-pressure pipeline route
is along a relatively flat portion on top of a ridge. However,
the furthest downstream third of the low pressure pipeline appears
to get into steeper terrain as it arrives at the end of the ridge
near where the penstock starts. The penstock would run straight
down the hill.
-2-
The Little Salmon River is in a canyon from the bridge to upstream
past where the project is located. The only exception to this is
in a short area around the confluence with Walker Creek. It
appeared from the helicopter that the diversion location on the
Little Salmon River is in a steep canyon. Getting the pipeline
out for this canyon and building the diversion darn could be
difficult and expensive.
-3-
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Three project alternatives were investigated and are listed below:
1. Walker Creek Diversion
2. Walker Lake Dam
3. Walker Lake Dam with Little Salmon River Diversion
Each project would have different costs and energy generating
capabilities. The three alternatives were evaluated under the
following load options:
A. Supply the load at Klukwan only.
B. Supply Klukwan, plus sell extra power to Haines.
The loads supplied under each of these options are explained in a
later section.
ALTERNATIVE 1 -WALKER CREEK DIVERSION
The pertinent characteristics of this alternative are shown on
Table 1. This alternative would consist of a diversion structure
located about 3,000 feet downstream of the outlet to Walker Lake
at an approximate elevation of 1150 feet MSL. See Figure 1. The
diversion would consist of a gravity dam about a-feet high and
100-feet long, constructed of cyclopian concrete (large rocks and
concrete), and would contain a 36-inch sluice gate near the
intake. The intake would have a trashrack only. No provisions
have been incorporated in any of the alternatives for fish
screening. From the intake, a low-pressure pipeline would run
along the side of the hill to maintain a small pressure in the
pipe. This pipe would transition to the penstock which would run
down hill to the powerhouse.
-4-
-en u. o
70---
\,
'.\
60 \~-
"\
.\
.\ 504------t
:\
-~I ---------r -r -
----~----,
LITTLE SALMON AND WALKER LAKE
(AUTERNATIVE 3)
40+--~~ ~----
! I WALKER CREEK DIVERSION
CAL TERNATIV~ 1)
.. ~\\ i I
\ / I FLOW AT WALKER LAKE GAGE
20 -+--------;.\----'------t Ir-T1:RNA'fIVE )
t/ ' ~ I
10......--__ --+
1:( I
........... -.;-........
~---.. -.. -=-=-:7:..:::.:::-_-::. '''::...::::...'7: -==--:-. ==-_,._
04--------4--------~------~r_------_r------_4
o 20 40 60 80 100
PERCENT EXCEEDANCE
FIGURE 2
WA KER LAKE HYDROPOWER PROJECT
FLOW DURATION CURVES
JOB NUMBER: A1132.01
DATE: FEBRUARY 1988
The powerhouse would be located at an approximate elevation of 400
feet MSL on the left bank of the Little Salmon River just upstream
of the present bridge (see Figure 1). The powerhouse site
contains enough level area for a powerhouse and switchyard. The
powerhouse foundation might need crushed rock fill as it appears
the drainage in this area is relatively poor. The powerhouse
would consist of a concrete foundation which would incorporate a
tailrace channel and support a prefabricated metal building. Its
size for options A and B would be 512 and 988 square feet,
respectively. The powerhouse would contain the main control board
and supervisory equipment, turbine, generator, and overhead
travelling crane. It would also contain provisions for remote
control from Klukwan or Haines.
The road from the Klehini River Bridge to the powerhouse would
require upgrading. Major upgrade would be required of the logging
road which extends from the Klehini River Road to a point near the
planned diversion site. See Figure 1. About.7 miles of new road
would be required from the end of the logging road to the
diversion site.
Under option A, the transmission line would run from the
powerhouse site to Klukwan, a distance of about 7.9 miles, as
shown on Figure 1. Under option B, an additional 12 miles of
transmission line would be required from Klukwan to Haines. A new
SUbstation would also be required in Klukwan to accept the power.
ALTERHATIVB 2 -WALDR LAD DAM
This alternative involves providing two small dams on Walker Lake
to provide extra storage for powerplant operation. storage would
be required to meet peak loads, especially in the winter time.
Under Alternative 1, there will be periods during which the power
generation of the hydro unit would have to be supplemented by
-5-
standby diesel power. This alternative would eliminate or reduce
the need for supplemental diesel power.
The two dams would be located at the outlet of the lake and at the
extreme southeast tip of Walker Lake. The need for the second dam
and its required height remains to be determined since the site
could not be visited during the field trip. The intake structure
would be located at the southeast end of the lake as shown on
Figure 1.
The low-pressure pipeline would have a diameter of 14-inches under
Option A and 24-inches under Option B. It would run from the
intake structure at the southeast tip of the lake to a point
adjacent to the Alternative 1 diversion. At this point, it would
follow the Alternative 1 pipeline alignment. Both the penstock
and the powerhouse would be located in the same area as described
for Alternative 1.
Al ternative 1.
The powerhouse size would be the same as
The road rehabilitation would be the same as Alternative 1, with
the exception of the requirement for 1 mile of additional road to
access the two dam sites and intake structure. The length of the
transmission line would also remain the same as Alternative 1.
ALTERNATIVB 3 -WALKER LAKE DAN WITH LITTLE SALMON RIVER DIVERSION
The layout for Alternative 3 project is shown on Figure 1, and the
project characteristics are given in Table 1. Al ternative 3 is
the same as Alternative 2 with the addition of a diversion and
intake structure at an elevation of approximately 1250 feet mean
sea level on the Little Salmon River. The diversion structure was
assumed to be of the same size and construction as the diversion
described in Alternative 1. An IS-inch pipeline would carry water
from the Little Salmon River to Walker Lake, and would be buried
in the access road for most of its length. The remainder of the
-6-
project would be the same as Alternative 2 with the exception of a
larger diameter low-pressure pipe and penstock to carry the
greater flow from Walker Lake to the powerhouse. This alternative
would double the powerplant capacity over that of Alternative 2.
An additional 0.8 miles of road and a bridge would be required to
access the Little Salmon River diversion.
option A of Alternative 3 was not analyzed because the additional
cost would not justify the very small increment of energy to serve
Klukwan only. Alternative 3 would only be attractive if it could
supply power to a larger load (i.e., Haines).
POWER LOADS AND POWER COSTS
The Alaska Power Authority (APA) in their June 1987 Klukwan
Feasibility Report, estimated an average of 750 kwh per month, per
consumer would be realized. This would result in an
monthly demand of 50,330 kwh per month in the Year 2002.
equivalent to 603,960 kwh in a year.
average
This is
This demand was spread over 12 months using an allocation curve
found in the report by Raj Bhargava and Associates (April 1985).
This load curve is based on a residential energy load curve
developed for Hoonah, Alaska and is shown in the table below:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
-7-
9.5%
8.1%
8.5%
7.6%
6.9%
8.4%
7.5%
8.2%
7.9%
8.6%
November
December
8.0%
10.8%
The above figures were used in evaluating the feasibility of each
alternative.
-8-
POWER GENERATION
The amount of energy generated in each alternative was computed
from flow duration curves for Walker Creek, project
characteristics (shown on Table 1), and the energy demand data
explained above.
HYDROLOGY
The flow duration curves for the three alternatives were developed
from flow measurements taken at a stream gage in Walker Creek near
the lake outlet. The flow duration curve at this gage was
computed by Alaska Department of Natural Resources based on flow
records from part of 1985, most of 1986, and part of 1987. See
Figure 2. The curves for Alternatives 1 and 3 were developed by
multiplying the curve at the gage by the ratio of the drainage
areas. Because of this short period of hydrologic record, the
analysis of the average annual power generation should be
considered to be only approximate. only part of a year's data on
the Little Salmon River was available. Therefore, this data was
not used.
POWER GEIfERATIOH AND USB
The amount of energy which could be generated based on these flow
duration curves was computed as follows. The flow duration curve
was divided into a number of vertical sections. The average flow
in each section was multiplied times the net head and turbine
efficiency based on a standard 3-jet impulse turbine efficiency
curve. The net head was derived from the powerhouse and diversion
elevations from USGS quadrangle sheets and pipe head loss
calculations. The fraction of the year represented in each
section of the divided flow duration curve was then multiplied by
the average power generated. This gave the energy generated in
-9-
-(J) u..
U
70~---~~I ----~ --r ! - -
~,
.'\
60 ~~
.~
,\
---~------,
.\ .
50 -l----\;, --~ -'-------1----------,-----,---,
~ LITTLE SALMON AND WALKER LAKE
:\ CAUTERNATIVE 3)
\
\
40 \--~---
~\
':> .\ ~ 30~---\~ -WALKER CREEK DIVERSION
~\ <t\L TERNA TIV~ 1)
\', I I \ FLOW AT WALKER LAKE GAGE
20 -f--------;\-. -I (1L-T€RNATIVE I
l,
~ I
1 0 -1---------+\:( I !
................. . ;-. -.;
~7":--_ -.. -=-~-.....:-.~ :. =-=-=..-:-:-=-.-:. ~-;.-
0~-------4--------4-------~~------~------~
o 20 40 60 80 100
PERCENT EXCEEDANCE
FIGURE 2
WA KER LAKE HYDROPOWER PROJECT
FLOW DURATION CURVES
JOB NUMBER: A1132.01
DATE: FEBRUARY 1988
APPENDIX B
COST BREAKDOWNS
-15-
TABLE 3
ALTERNATIVE COSTS
ANNUAL TOTAL
COST O'K COSTS ANNUAL COSTS
OPTION ($1000) ($1000) ($1000)
Alternative 1 A 4005 70 426
B 7425 110 770
Alternative 2 A 4579 70 477
B 7622 125 802
Alternative 3 A N/A N/A N/A
B 10779 150 1107
Annual operation and maintenance costs are based on OTT's past
experience on similar projects. Project capital costs were
converted to annual costs using a discount rate of 8 percent and a
project life of 30 years. These annual costs were added to the
O&M costs to produce total annual costs. Table 3 shows the
estimated capital, O&M, and total annual costs.
PROJECT FEASIBILITY
The total estimated annual costs in Table 3 for each alternative
were divided by the average annual energy generated shown in
Table 2. Results are shown in Table 4. The costs per kilowatt
hour are compared to the cost of alterative energy sources such as
diesel. According to Alaska Power Authority (1987), the cost of
diesel generation in Klukwan would be $0.22/kwhr and in Haines is
$0. 17/kwhr. From Table 4, diesel generation would be preferred to
Alternatives 1A and 2A.
If the escalation of energy and O&M costs were considered, then
Alternative 3B is marginally feasible at $0.20/kwhr. This
analysis also assumes that the total energy generated by
Alternative 3B could be used in the Klukwan/Haines area.
OTHER ISSUES
This study addresses only the economic feasibility which
determines whether the project will be able to pay for itself over
its lifetime. It does not address the financial feasibility which
determines whether funds for the project are available. The
financial feasibility for this project would need to be determined
at a later date.
The Alaska Electric Light and Power would need to be contacted
about the possibility of selling the project power in Haines.
-12-
TABLE ..
ANNUAL COSTS PER KILOWATT-HOUR
AVERAGE COSTS
OPTION PER KILOWATT HOUR
Alternative 1 A $0.74
B $0.27
Alternative 2 A $0.79
B $0.30
Alternative 3 A N/A
B $0.20
References
Alaska Power Authority, "Draft Klukwan Feasibility Report", June
1987.
Raj Bhargava Associates, Rural Energy Construction Program, 1984-
1985, 42 Villages Waste Head Recovery Evaluation and Analysis
for Conservation", April 1985.
-13-
Ott water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
Alaska Power Authority
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
SUMMARY OF DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
***** (ALTERNATIVE 1, OPTION A:)
FERC
AIC No. Description Amount($)
330 Land and Land Rights 0
330.5 Mobilization and Logistics 122,000
331 Structures and Improvements 161,590
332 Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways 1,132,212
333 Turbines and Generators 220,000
334 Accessory Electrical Equipment 85,000
335 Mis~. Mechanical Equipment 16,000
336 Roads, Railroads and Bridges 440,500
350 Land and Land Rights 0
352 Transmission Struct. and Improv. n/a
353 Substation Equipment 48,000
355 Poles and Fixtures 232,600
356 Overhead Conductors and Devices 209,000
359 Line Clearing, Mob, and Demob. 60,000
SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED COSTS 2,726,902
Contingency Allowance * 25.0% 681,725
TOTAL ESTIMATED DIRECT COST 3,408,627
Engineering and Administration * 17.5% 596,510
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $4,005,137
* Covering environmental studies and licensing (5%), design
and specification (6%), legal and financial fees (1.5%) and
construction management (5%).
- 1 -
lO-feb-88
Ote Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. lA
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-
tity
Unit Unit
Price
330 LAND AND LAND RIGHTS
.01 Land Rights -Generation Plant o L. S. $0
Subtotal -AIC No. 330 -Land and Land Rights
330 .5 MOBILIZATION AND LOGISTICS
.51 Temp Const Roads for Penstock l.00 Mile $50,000
.52 Open Storage and Helipads 1 L.S. $8,000
.53 Covered Storage & Office 1 L.S. $7,000
.54 Construction Power 1 L.S. $6,000
.55 Temporary Water System 1 L.S. $3,000
.56 Construction Surveys 1 L. S. $24,000
.57 Subsistence 400 Days $60
Subtotal -AIC No. 330.5 -Mobilization and Logistics
331 STRUCTURES AND IMPROVEMENTS
331 .1 POWERHOUSE
.11 Clearing l.00 Acre $5,000
.12 Excavation 160 C.Y. $25
.13 Concrete (including reinforcing) 85 C.Y. $650
.14 Misc. Metals 1,500 Lb. $3.00
.15 Partition Walls 1 L. S. $3,000
.16 Furnishings and Fixtures 1 L. S. $2,000
.17 Pre-eng'd Metal Superstructure 512 S.F. $45.00
.18 HVAC and Plumbing 1 L.S. $12,000
.19 Grounding Grid 1 L.S. $12,000
Subtotal -Powerhouse
331 .2 POWERHOUSE SITE/SWITCHYARD
.21 Fill 100 C.Y. $10
.22 Crushed Rock Surfacing 50 C.Y. $20
.23 Drainage 1 L.S. $10,000
.24 Chain Link Fencing 150 L.F. $30
.25 16-foot Double Gate 1 Each $1,000
.26 Foundations 12 C.Y. $600
Subtotal -Powerhouse SitelSwitchyard
- 1 -
lO-Feb-~S
Amount($)
o
o
50,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
3,000
24,000
24,000
------------
122,000
------------
5,000
4,000
55,250
4,500
3,000
2,000
23,040
12,000
12,000
_________ oao __
120,790
------------
1,000
1,000
10,000
4,500
1,000
7,200
------------
24,700
---.. _-------
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
331 .3
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
332
332 .1
.11
.12
.13
.14
. 15
.16
.17
.18
332 .3
332 .31
.311
.312
.313
.314
.315
.316
.317
.318
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 1A
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-Unit
tity
KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
Crushed Rock Surfacing 70 C.Y.
Drainage 1 L.S.
Chain Link Fencing 150 L.F.
16-foot Double Gate 1 Each
Foundations 12 C.Y.
Unit
Price
$20
$2,000
$30
$1,000
$600
Subtotal -Powerhouse Site/Switchyard
Subtotal -AIC No. 331 -Structures and Improvements
RESERVOIRS, DAMS AND WATERWAYS
DAM AND SPILLWAY ON WALKER CK
Diversion and care of Water
Clearing
Common Excavation
Rip-Rap
Mass Concrete
Structural Concrete
Miscellaneous Metals
Sluice Gate
WATERWAYS
Subtotal -
INTAKE AT WALKER CREEK
Bedding Material
Riprap
Concrete (Including reinforcing)
Trashrack & Stru. Steel
Steel Pipe, 14 inch diameter
14-inch diameter Gate
Misc. Steel
Revegetation and Erosion Control
1
1.0
150
357
176
20
1,200
1
L.S.
Acre
C.Y.
C.Y .
C.Y.
C.Y.
Lb.
L.S.
Dam and Spillway
12
25
20
1,800
70
1
600
0.4
C.Y.
C.Y.
C.Y.
Lb.
L.F.
L. S.
Lb.
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & U. Penstock
- 2 -
$20,000
$5,000
$15
$35
$400
$650
$4.00
15000
$25
$15
$650
$3.00
$70.00
$6,000
$3
$2,500
10-feb-S8
Amount($)
1,400
2,000
4,500
1,000
7,200
--------... ---
16,100
------------
161,590
--------.... --
20,000
5,000
2,250
12,507
70,400
13,000
4,800
15,000
142,957
300
375
13,000
5,400
4,900
6,000
1,800
1,000
32,775
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
334
.01
.02
. 03
335
.01
.02
336
.01
.02
.03
350
.01
353
353 .1
.11
.12
353 .2
.21
.22
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 1A
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-Unit
tity
ACCESSORY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Excitation, switchgear, station service,
controls and protective relays 1 L.S.
Supervisory controls 1 L.S .
Communication Equipment 1 L.S.
Unit
Price
$40,000
$25,000
$20,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 334 -Accessory Elect. Equip.
MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
5-ton Overhead Crane 1 Each $8,000
Miscellaneous Equipment 1 L.S. $8,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 335 -Misc. Mechanical Equipment
ROADS, RAILROADS AND BRIDGES
Upgrade Existing Logging Road 3.10 Mile $50,000
New Road to Dams 0.70 Mile $65,000
Grade and surface exist. P.H. road 6.00 Mile $40,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 336 -Roads, Railroads and Bridges
LAND AND LAND RIGHTS
Land Rights -Transmission Facil. 0 L.S. $0
Subtotal -AIC No. 330 -Land and Land Rights
SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT AND STRUCTURES
SWITCHYARD
Transformer (4.l6/34.5kV) 1 L.S. $12,000
Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip 1 L.S. $12,000
Subtotal -Walker Lake Switchyard
KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
Transformer (34.5kV/12.47kV) 1 L.S. $12,000
Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip 1 L.S. $12,000
Subtotal -Klawock Substation
Subtotal -AIC No. 353 -Substation Equipment
- 4 -
10-feb-88
Amount($)
40,000
25,000
20,000
----_ ...... _----
85,000
------------
8,000
8,000
------------
16,000
------------
155,000
45,500
240,000
------------
440,500
------------
° ---_ ... _------
0
------------
12,000
12,000
... .. _----_ ....... -
24,000
-.. ----------
12,000
12,000
------------
24,000
------------
48,000
-------.. _---
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
332 .32
.321
.322
. 323
. 324
. 325
332 .33
332 .331
.332
.333
.334
.335
.336
.337
.338
.339
332 .34
.341
.342
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. lA
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description
LOW PRESSURE PIPELINE (Walker Lk. to
Clearing
Trench Excavation and Backfill
Bedding Material
Steel Pipe, 14 inch diameter
Revegetation and Erosion Control
Quan-
tity
Top of
6.5
7,020
1,700
7,020
6.5
Unit
Penstock)
Acre
L.F .
C.Y .
L.F .
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & Upper Penstock
Penstock
Above-ground Penstock (2,150' long)
Clearing (40' wide)
Additional Tree Removal
Excavation
Concrete in Anchor Blocks
Structural Steel
Steel Penstock, 14 inch diameter
Expansion Joints
Revegetation and Erosion Control
2.0
1
30
60
4,000
2,150
6
2.0
Acre
1. S.
C.y.
C.y.
Lb.
L.F.
Each
Acre
Subtotal -Above-ground Penstock
Tailrace
Excavation
Rip-Rap
Subtotal -
140
70
Tailrace
C.y.
C.y.
Subtotal -AIC No. 332 -Res., Darns and W'ways
333 TURBINES AND GENERATORS
.01
.02
.03
Furnish 360 HP Single-jet
impulse turbine, including inlet
valve, controls and governor
Furnish 270 kW generator
Install turbine-generators
1
1
1
Each
Each
L.S.
Unit
Price
$5,000
$15
$20
$70.00
$2,500
$8,000
$10,000
$25.00
$650
$3.00
$80.00
$3,000
$2,500
$20.00
$25.00
$100,000
$80,000
$40,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 333 -Turbines and Generators
-3 -
lO-Feb-83
Arnount($)
32,500
105,300
34,000
491,400
16,250
679,450
15,794
10,000
750
39,000
12,000
172 ,000
18,000
4,936
272,480
2,800
1,750
4,550
1,132,212
100,000
80,000
40,000
220,000
Ott water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
355
355 .1
.11
.12
.13
356
356 .1
.11
.12
.13
. 14
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. lA
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description
POLES AND FIXTURES
POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN, 34.5 kV
Poles
Guys, Anchors & other material
Installation
Quan-
tity
1
1
7.9
Unit
L.S.
L.S.
Mile
Subtotal -AIC No. 355 -Poles and Fixtures
OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS AND DEVICES
POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN & HAINES, 34.5 kV, 20
Conductors
Insulators
Hardware and Miscellaneous
Installation
1
1
1
7.9
miles
L.S.
L.S.
L.S .
Mile
Unit
Price
$32,000
$11,000
$24,000
$16,000
$24,000
$11,000
$20,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 356 -Overhead conductors, etc
359 LINE CLEARING, MOBILIZE AND DEMOBILIZE
.01 Mobilize and Demobilize
.02 Light Clearing
1
4
L.S.
Acre
$40,000
$5,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 359 -Clearing, Mob, and Demob.
- 5 -
lO-Feb-S8
Amount($)
32,000
11,000
189,600
232,600
16,000
24,000
11,000
158,000
209,000
40,000
20,000
60,000
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
Alaska Power Authority
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
SUMMARY OF DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
***** (ALTE~~ATIVE 1, OPTION B:)
FERC
AIC No. Description Amount($)
330 Land and Land Rights 0
330.5 Mobilization and Logistics 133,000
331 Structures and Improvements 241,760
332 Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways 1,910,841
333 Turbines and Generators 510,000
334 Accessory Electrical Equipment 240,000
335 Misc. Mechanical Equipment 23,000
336 Roads, Railroads and Bridges 505,500
350 Land and Land Rights 0
352 Transmission Struct. and Improv. nla
353 Substation Equipment 117,000
355 Poles and Fixtures 707,000
356 Overhead Conductors and Devices 607,000
359 Line Clearing, Mob, and Demob. 60,000
SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED COSTS 5,055,101
Contingency Allowance * 25.0% 1,263,775
TOTAL ESTIMATED DIRECT COST 6,318,876
Engineering and Administration * 17.5% 1,105,803
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $7,424,679
* Covering environmental studies and licensing (5%), design
and specification (6%), legal and financial fees (1.5%) and
construction management (5%).
- 1 -
lO-Feb-88
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. lB
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-
tity
Unit Unit
Price
330 LAND AND LAND RIGHTS
. 01 Land Rights -Generation Plant o L. S . $0
Subtotal -AIC No. 330 -Land and Land Rights
330 .5 HOBILIZATION AND LOGISTICS
.51 Temp Const Roads for Penstock 1.00 Mile $50,000
.52 Open Storage and Helipads 1 L.S. $10,000
.53 Covered Storage & Office 1 L. S. $8,000
.54 Construction Power 1 L.S. $7,000
.55 Temporary Water System 1 L. S. $4,000
.56 Construction Surveys 1 L.S. $24,000
.57 Subsistence 500 Days $60
Subtotal -AIC No. 330.5 -Mobilization and Logistics
331 STRUCTURES AND IMPROVEMENTS
331 .1 POWERHOUSE
.11 Clearing 1. 60 Acre $5,000
.12 Excavation 220 C.Y. $25
.13 Concrete (including reinforcing) 150 C.Y. $650
. 14 Misc . Metals 1,500 Lb. $3.00
.15 Partition Walls 1 L. S. $3,000
.16 Furnishings and Fixtures 1 L. S. $2,000
. 17 Pre-eng'd Metal Superstructure 988 S.F . $45.00
. 18 HVAC and Plumbing 1 L.S . $12,000
.19 Grounding Grid 1 L.S. $12,000
Subtotal -Powerhouse
331 .2 POWERHOUSE S IT EI SWITCHYARD
. 21 Fill 160 C.Y . $10
. 22 Crushed Rock Surfacing 80 C.Y . $20
.23 Drainage 1 L.S. $10,000
.24 Chain Link Fencing 200 L.F. $30
.25 16-foot Double Gate 1 Each $1,000
. 26 Foundations 16 C.Y . $600
Subtotal -Powerhouse Site/Switchyard
- 1 -
lO-feb-83
Amount($)
o
o
50,000
10,000
8,000
7,000
4,000
24,000
30,000
---------... _-
133,000
------------
8,000
5,500
97,500
4,500
3,000
2,000
44,460
12,000
12,000
---------_ .. -
188,960
------------
1,600
1,600
10,000
6,000
1,000
9,600
-_ ...... --------
29,800
--..... _-------
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
fERC
AIC No.
331 .3
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
332
332 .1
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
332 .3
332 .31
.311
. 312
. 313
.314
.315
. 316
.317
.318
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 1B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-Unit
tity
KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
Crushed Rock Surfacing 100 C.Y.
Drainage 1 L.S.
Chain Link Fencing 200 L.F.
16-foot Double Gate 1 Each
Foundations 20 C.Y.
Unit
Price
$20
$2,000
$30
$1,000
$600
Subtotal -Powerhouse SitelSwitchyard
Subtotal -AIC No. 331 -Structures and Improvements
RESERVOIRS, DAMS AND WATERWAYS
DAM AND SPILLWAY ON WALKER CK
Diversion and care of Water
Clearing
Common Excavation
Rip-Rap
Mass Concrete
Structural Concrete
Miscellaneous Metals
Sluice Gate
1
l.0
150
357
176
20
1,200
1
L.S.
Acre
C.Y.
C.Y.
C.Y.
C.Y.
Lb.
L.S.
Subtotal -Dam and Spillway
WATERWAYS
INTAKE AT WALKER CREEK
Bedding Material
Riprap
Concrete (Including reinforcing)
Trashrack & Stru. Steel
Steel Pipe, 24 inch diameter
24-inch diameter Gate
Misc. Steel
Revegetation and Erosion Control
20
25
30
3,000
70
1
1,000
0.4
C.Y.
C.Y .
C.Y .
Lb.
L.F.
L.S .
Lb.
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & U. Penstock
- 2 -
$20,000
$5,000
$15
$35
$400
$650
$4.00
15000
$25
$15
$650
$3.00
$100.00
$10,000
$3
$2,500
10-feb-S3
Amount($)
2,000
2,000
6,000
1,000
12,000
------------
23,000
------------
241,760
------------
20,000
5,000
2,250
12,507
70,400
13,000
4,800
15,000
142,957
500
375
19,500
9,000
7,000
10,000
3,000
1,000
50,375
Ott water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
332 .32
.321
.322
.323
. 324
.325
332 .33
332 .331
.332
.333
.334
.335
.336
. 337
.338
.339
332 .34
. 341
. 342
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. IB
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description
LOW PRESSURE PIPELINE (Walker Lk. to
Clearing
Trench Excavation and Backfill
Bedding Material
Steel Pipe, 24 inch diameter
Revegetation and Erosion Control
Subtotal -Intake
Penstock
Above-ground Penstock (2,150' long)
Clearing (40' wide)
Additional Tree Removal
Excavation
Concrete in Anchor Blocks
Structural Steel
Steel Penstock, 24 inch diameter
Expansion Joints
Revegetation and Erosion Control
Quan-Unit
tity
Top of Penstock)
8.9 Acre
9,660 L.F.
3,000 C.Y.
9,660 1. F .
8.9 Acre
&: Upper Penstock
2.0 Acre
1 1. S.
40 C.Y.
100 C.Y.
8,000 Lb.
2,150 1. F .
6 Each
2.0 Acre
Subtotal -Above-ground Penstock
Tailrace
Excavation
Rip-Rap
Subtotal -
240
110
Tailrace
C.Y .
C.Y .
Subtotal -AIC No. 332 -Res. ,Dams and W'ways
333 TURBINES AND GENERATORS
.01
.02
. 03
Furnish 1200 HP Multi-jet
impulse turbine, including inlet
valve, controls and governor
Furnish 1001) kW generator
Install turbine-generators
1
1
1
Each
Each
L.S .
Unit
Price
$5,000
$20
$20
$100.00
$2,500
$8,000
$10,000
$25.00
$650
$3.00
$130.00
$4,000
$2,500
$20.00
$25.00
$230,000
$200,000
$80,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 333 -Turbines and Generators
- 3 -
10-Feb-88
Arnount($)
44,353
193,200
60,000
966,000
22,176
------------
1,285,729
------------
15,794
10,000
1,000
65,000
24,000
279,500
24,000
4,936
424,230
4,800
2,750
7,550
1,910,841
230,000
200,000
80,000
510,000
Ott ~ater Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
334
.01
. 02
.03
335
.01
.02
336
.01
.02
.03
350
.01
353
353 .1
.11
.12
353 .2
. 21
.22
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. lB
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-Unit
tity
ACCESSORY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Excitation, switchgear, station service,
controls and protective relays 1 L. S .
Supervisory controls 1 L.S.
Conununication Equipment 1 L.S.
Unit
Price
$140,000
$80,000
$20,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 334 -Accessory Elect. Equip.
MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
5-ton Overhead Crane 1 Each $15,000
Miscellaneous Equipment 1 L.S. $8,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 335 -Misc. Mechanical Equipment
ROADS, RAILROADS AND BRIDGES
Upgrade Existing Logging Road 3.10 Mile
New Road to Dams l. 70 Mile
Grade and surface exist. P.H. road 6.00 Mile
Subtotal -AIC No. 336 -
LAND AND lAND RIGHTS
Land Rights -Transmission Facil.
Subtotal -AIC No. 330 -
SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT AND STRUCTURES
SWITCHYARD
Transformer (4.l6/34.5kV)
Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip
Roads, Railroads and
Land
0
and
1
1
L.S.
Land Rights
L.S.
L.S.
$50,000
$65,000
$40,000
Bridges
$0
$30,000
$30,000
Subtotal -Walker Lake Switchyard
KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
Transformer (34.5kV/12.47kV)
Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip
Subtotal -
1
1
L.S .
L.S.
Klawock Substation
Subtotal -AIC No. 353 -Substation Equipment
- 4 -
$27,000
$30,000
10-Feb-33
Amount($)
140,000
80,000
20,000
...-_-------.... -
240,000
------------
15,000
8,000
------------
23,000
-... _---------
155,000
110,500
240,000
------------
505,500
------------
0
------------
0
------------
30,000
30,000
60,000
27,000
30,000
57,000
117,000
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
355
355 .1
.11
. 12
.13
356
356 .1
.11
.12
.13
.14
359
.01
.02
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. lB
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description
POLES AND FIXTURES
POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN & HAINES,
Poles
Guys, Anchors & other material
Installation
Subtotal -AIC No. 355
OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS AND DEVICES
POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN & HAINES,
Conductors
Insulators
Hardware and Miscellaneous
Installation
Subtotal -AIC No. 356
Quan-
tity
34.5 kV, 20
1
1
20
-Poles and
34.5 kV, 20
1
1
1
20
-Overhead
LINE CLEARING, MOBILIZE AND DEMOBILIZE
Mobilize and Demobilize 1
Light Clearing 4
Subtotal -AIC No. 359 -Clearing,
- 5 -
Unit
miles
L.S .
L.S.
Mile
Fixtures
miles
1. S.
L.S.
1. S.
Mile
Unit
Price
$80,000
$27,000
$30,000
$40,000
$60,000
$27,000
$24,000
conductors, etc
L.S. $40,000
Acre $5,000
Mob, and Demob.
10-Feb-3S
Amount($)
80,000
27,000
600,000
------------
707,000
------------
40,000
60,000
27,000
480,000
------------
607,000
------------
40,000
20,000
------------
60,000
0:: ~a:er Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
Alaska Power Authority
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
SU~~Y OF DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
***** (ALTERNATIVE 2, OPTION A:)
FERC
Ale No. Description Amount($)
330 Land and Land Rights 0
330.5 Mobilization and Logistics 127,000
331 Structures and Improvements 161,590
332 Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways 1,523,099
333 Turbines and Generators 215,000
334 Accessory Electrical Equipment 85,000
335 Misc. Mechanical Equipment 16,000
336 Roads, Railroads and Bridges 440,500
350 Land and Land Rights 0
352 Transmission Struct. and Improv. nla
353 Substation Equipment 48,000
355 Poles and Fixtures 232,600
356 Overhead Conductors and Devices 209,000
359 Line Clearing, Mob, and Demob. 60,000
SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED COSTS 3,117,789
Contingency Allowance * 25.0% 779,447
TOTAL ESTIMATED DIRECT COST 3,897,237
Engineering and Administration * 17.5% 682,016
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $4,579,253
* Covering environmental studies and licensing (5%), design
and specification (6%), legal and financial fees (1.5%) and
construction management (5%).
- 6 -
L :) -];' to' b -S ~,
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2A
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-
tity
Unit Unit
Price
330 UU~D AND LAND RIGHTS
.01 Land Rights -Generation Plant o 1. S. $0
Subtotal -AIC No. 330 -Land and Land Rights
330 .5 HOBILIZATION AND LOGISTICS
.51 Temp Const Roads for Penstock l.00 Mile $50,000
.52 Open Storage and He1ipads 1 1.S. $10,000
.53 Covered Storage & Office 1 L.S. $8,000
.54 Construction Power 1 L.S. $7,000
.55 Temporary Water System 1 L.S. $4,000
.56 Construction Surveys 1 1. S. $24,000
.57 Subsistence 400 Days $60
Subtotal -AIC No. 330.5 -Mobilization and Logistics
331 STRUCTURES AND IMPROVEMENTS
331 .1 POWERHOUSE
.11 Clearing 1.00 Acre $5,000
.12 Excavation 160 C.Y. $25
. 13 Concrete (including reinforcing) 85 C.Y . $650
.14 Misc. Metals 1,500 Lb. $3.00
.15 Partition Walls 1 L.S. $3,000
.16 Furnishings and Fixtures 1 1. S. $2,000
.17 Pre-eng'd Metal Superstructure 512 S.F. $45.00
.18 HVAC and Plumbing 1 L.S. $12,000
.19 Grounding Grid 1 L.S. $12,000
Subtotal -Powerhouse
331 .2 POWERHOUSE SITE/SWITCHYARD
.21 Fill 100 C.Y. $10
.22 Crushed Rock Surfacing 50 C.Y. $20
.23 Drainage 1 1.S. $10,000
.24 Chain Link Fencing 150 1. F. $30
.25 16-foot Double Gate 1 Each $1,000
.26 Foundations 12 C.Y. $600
Subtotal -Powerhouse Site/Switchyard
-1 -
lO-Feb-3S
Amount($)
o
o
50,000
10,000
8,000
7,000
4,000
24,000
24,000
----_ .. _-----
127,000
------------
5,000
4,000
55,250
4,500
3,000
2,000
23,040
12,000
12,000
------------
120,790
-------_ ... ---
1,000
1,000
10,000
4,500
1,000
7,200
------------
24,700
--_ .. _-------
Ott ~ater Engineers.Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC
331
332
332
No.
.3
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
.2
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
.2l0
332 .3
332 .31
.311
.312
.313
.314
.315
.316
.317
.318
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2A
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-Unit
tity
KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
Crushed Rock Surfacing 70 C.Y.
Drainage 1 L. S.
Chain Link Fencing 150 L. F.
16-foot Double Gate 1 Each
Foundations 12 C.Y.
Unit
Price
$20
$2,000
$30
$1,000
$600
Subtotal -Powerhouse SitelSwitchyard
Subtotal -AIC No. 331 -Structures and Improvements
RESERVOIRS, DAMS AND WATERWAYS
DAM AND SPILLWAY AT LAKE( 2 ROCKFILL DAMS)
Diversion and care of Water 1
Clearing 3.0
Common Excavation 1,156
Dumped Rockfi11 1,896
Compacted Rockfi11 1,200
Rip-Rap (incl. channel eros cntr1) 300
Concrete (Spillway) 66
Sluice Gates 2
Outlet Piping (3' Dia.) 250
Outlet Channel Exc. 5,867
L.S.
Acre
C.Y.
C.Y.
C.Y.
C.Y_
C.Y.
L.S.
L.F.
C.Y.
Subtotal -Dam and Spillway
WATERWAYS
INTAKE AT WALKER LAKE
Bedding Material
Riprap
Concrete (Including reinforcing)
Trashrack & Stru. Steel
Steel Pipe, 14 inch diameter
l4-inch diameter Gate
Misc. Steel
Revegetation and Erosion Control
12
25
20
1,800
70
1
600
0.4
C.Y.
C.Y.
C.Y.
Lb.
L.F.
L.S.
Lb.
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & U. Penstock
- 2 -
$25,000
$5,000
$10
$15
$50
$35
$650
$15,000
$100
$5
$25
$15
$650
$3.00
$70.00
$6,000
$3
$2,500
lO-feb-33
Amount($)
1,400
2,000
4,500
1,000
7,200
------------
16,100
-.. ----------
161,590
------------
25,000
15,000
11,556
28,444
60,000
10,500
42,611
30,000
25,000
29,333
277 ,444
300
375
13,000
5,400
4,900
6,000
1,800
1,000
32,775
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
332 .32
.321
.322
. 323
. 324
. 325
332 .33
332 .331
.332
.333
. 334
.335
. 336
.337
. 338
.339
332 .34
.341
.342
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2A
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description
LOW PRESSURE PIPELINE (Walker Lk. to
Clearing
Trench Excavation and Backfill
Bedding Material
Steel Pipe, 14 inch diameter
Revegetation and Erosion Control
Quan-
tity
Top of
8.9
9,660
2,400
9,660
8.9
Unit
Penstock)
Acre
L.F .
C.Y .
L.F .
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & Upper Penstock
Penstock
Above-ground Penstock (2,150' long)
Clearing (40' wide)
Additional Tree Removal
Excavation
Concrete in Anchor Blocks
Structural Steel
Steel Penstock, 14 inch diameter
Expansion Joints
Revegetation and Erosion Control
2.0
1
30
60
4,000
2,150
6
2.0
Acre
L.S .
C.Y.
C.Y .
Lb.
L.F .
Each
Acre
Subtotal -Above-ground Penstock
Tailrace
Excavation
Rip-Rap
Subtotal -
140
70
Tailrace
C.Y.
C.Y.
Subtotal -AIC No. 332 -Res., Dams and W'ways
333 TURBINES AND GENERATORS
.01
.02
. 03
Furnish 330 HP Single-jet
impulse turbine, including inlet
valve, controls and governor
Furnish 250 kW generator
Install turbine-generators
1
1
1
Each
Each
L.S .
lO-re':J-~3
Unit Amount($)
Price
$5,000
$15
$20
$70.00
$2,500
$8,000
$10,000
$25.00
$650
$3.00
$80.00
$3,000
$2,500
$20.00
$25.00
$100,000
$75,000
$40,000
44,500
144,900
48,000
676,200
22,250
935,850
15,794
10,000
750
39,000
12,000
172,000
18,000
4,936
272,480
2,800
1,750
4,550
1,523,099
100,000
75,000
40,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 333 -Turbines and Generators 215,000
- 3 -
Ott ~ater Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AjC No.
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2A
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-
tity
Unit Unit
Price
334 ACCESSORY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
335
336
350
353
353
353
.01
.02
.03
.01
.02
.01
.02
.03
.01
.1
. 11
.12
.2
.21
.22
Excitation, switchgear, station service,
controls and protective relays 1
Supervisory controls 1
Communication Equipment 1
L.S.
L.S.
L.S.
$40,000
$25,000
$20,000
Subtotal -AjC No. 334 -Accessory Elect. Equip.
MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
5-ton Overhead Crane 1 Each $8,000
Miscellaneous Equipment 1 L.S. $8,000
Subtotal -AjC No. 335 -Misc. Mechanical Equipment
ROADS, RAILROADS AND BRIDGES
Upgrade Existing Logging Road 3.10 Mile $50,000
New Road to Dams 0.70 Mile $65,000
Grade and surface exist. P.H. road 6.00 Mile $40,000
Subtotal -AjC No. 336 -Roads, Railroads and Bridges
LAND AND LAND RIGHTS
Land Rights -Transmission Facil. 0 L.S. $0
Subtotal -Aje No. 330 -Land and Land Rights
SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT AND STRUCTURES
SWITCHYARD
Transformer (4.l6/34.5kV) 1 L.S . $12,000
Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip 1 L.S. $12,000
Subtotal -Walker Lake Switchyard
KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
Transformer (34.5kVjl2.47kV) 1 L.S. $12,000
Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip 1 L.S. $12,000
Subtotal -Klawock Substation
Subtotal -Aje No. 353 -Substation Equipment
-4 -
lO-Feb-3S
Amount ($)
40,000
25,000
20,000
85,000
8,000
8,000
16,000
155,000
45,500
240,000
440,500
0
------------
0
------_ ... ----
12,000
12,000
------------
24,000
..... ----------
12,000
12,000
_ ..... ---------
24,000
------------
48,000
------------
0:: ~a:er Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
Ale No.
355
355 .1
.11
.12
.l3
356
356 .1
. 11
.12
.l3
.14
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2A
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description
POLES AND FIXTURES
POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN, 34.5 kV
Poles
Guys, Anchors & other material
Installation
Subtotal -AIC No. 355
OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS AND DEVICES
POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN, 34.5 kV
Conductors
Insulators
Hardware and Miscellaneous
Installation
-
Quan-
tity
Poles
1
1
7.9
and
1
1
1
7.9
Unit
L.S.
L.S.
Mile
Fixtures
L.S .
L.S.
L.S.
Mile
Unit
Price
$32,000
$11,000
$24,000
$16,000
$24,000
$11,000
$20,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 356 -Overhead conductors, etc
359 LINE CLEARING, MOBILIZE AND DEMOBILIZE
. 01 Mobilize and Demobilize
.02 Light Clearing
1
4
L.S .
Acre
$40,000
$5,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 359 -Clearing, Mob, and Demob.
- 5 -
lO-reb-3~
Amount($)
32,000
11,000
189,600
----------... -
232,600
------------
16,000
24,000
11,000
158,000
209,000
40,000
20,000
60,000
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
Alaska Power Authority
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
SUMMARY OF DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
***** (ALTERNATIVE 2, OPTION B:)
FERC
A/C No. Description Amount($)
330 Land and Land Rights 0
330.5 Mobilization and Logistics 133,000
331 Structures and Improvements 241,760
332 Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways 2,045,328
333 Turbines and Generators 510,000
334 Accessory Electrical Equipment 240,000
335 Misc. Mechanical Equipment 23,000
336 Roads, Railroads and Bridges 505,500
350 Land and Land Rights 0
352 Transmission Struct. and Improv. nla
353 Substation Equipment 117,000
355 Poles and Fixtures 707,000
356 Overhead Conductors and Devices 607,000
359 Line Clearing, Mob, and Demob. 60,000
SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED COSTS 5,189,588
Contingency Allowance * 25.0% 1,297,397
TOTAL ESTIMATED DIRECT COST 6,486,985
Engineering and Administration * 17.5% 1,135,222
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $7,622,208
* Covering environmental studies and licensing (5%), design
and specification (6%), legal and financial fees (1.5%) and
construction management (5%).
lO-Feb-88
Ott Water Engineers ,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
Ale No.
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-
tity
Unit Unit
Price
330 LAND AND LAND RIGHTS
.01 Land Rights -Generation Plant o L.S. $0
Subtotal -AIC No. 330 -Land and Land Rights
330 .5 MOBILIZATION AND LOGISTICS
.51 Temp Const Roads for Penstock l.00 Mile $50,000
.52 Open Storage and He1ipads 1 L. S. $10,000
.53 Covered Storage & Office 1 L. S. $8,000
.54 Construction Power 1 L. S. $7,000
.55 Temporary Water System 1 L.S. $4,000
.56 Construction Surveys 1 L. S. $24,000
.57 Subsistence 500 Days $60
Subtotal -AIC No. 330.5 -Mobilization and Logistics
331 STRUCTURES AND IMPROVEMENTS
331 .1 POWERHOUSE
.11 Clearing l. 60 Acre $5,000
.12 Excavation 220 C.Y. $25
.13 Concrete (including reinforcing) 150 C.Y. $650
.14 Misc. Metals 1,500 Lb. $3.00
.15 Partition Walls 1 L.S. $3,000
.16 Furnishings and Fixtures 1 L.S. $2,000
.17 Pre-eng'd Metal Superstructure 988 S.F. $45.00
.18 HVAC and Plumbing 1 L.S. $12,000
.19 Grounding Grid 1 L.S. $12,000
Subtotal -Powerhouse
331 .2 POWERHOUSE SITE/SWITCHYARD
.21 Fill 160 C.Y. $10
.22 Crushed Rock Surfacing 80 C.Y. $20
.23 Drainage 1 L.S. $10,000
.24 Chain Link Fencing 200 L.F. $30
.25 16-foot Double Gate 1 Each $1,000
.26 Foundations 16 C.Y. $600
Subtotal -Powerhouse Site/Switchyard
- 1 -
10-Feb-88
Arnount($)
o
o
50,000
10,000
8,000
7,000
4,000
24,000
30,000
------------
133,000
------------
8,000
5,500
97,500
4,500
3,000
2,000
44,460
12,000
12,000
------------
188,960
------------
1,600
1,600
10,000
6,000
1,000
9,600
------------
29,800
------------
Ott Water Engineers, Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC
331
332
332
No.
.3
.31
. 32
. 33
.34
.35
.2
.21
. 22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
. 29
.210
332 .3
332 .31
. 311
.312
.313
.314
. 315
. 316
.317
.318
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-Unit
tity
KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
Crushed Rock Surfacing 100 C.Y .
Drainage 1 L.S .
Chain Link Fencing 200 L.F.
16-foot Double Gate 1 Each
Foundations 20 C.Y.
Unit
Price
$20
$2,000
$30
$1,000
$600
Subtotal -Powerhouse SitelSwitchyard
Subtotal -AIC No. 331 -Structures and Improvements
RESERVOIRS, DAMS AND WATERWAYS
DAM AND SPILLWAY AT LAKE( 2 ROCKFILL DAMS)
Diversion and care of Water 1
Clearing 3.0
Common Excavation 1,156
Dumped Rockfi11 1,896
Compacted Rockfi11 1,200
Rip-Rap (incl. channel eros cntr1) 300
Concrete (Spillway) 66
Sluice Gates 2
Outlet Piping (3' Dia.) 250
Outlet Channel Exc. 5,867
L.S .
Acre
C.Y.
C.Y.
C.Y.
C.Y.
C.Y.
L.S.
L.F .
C.Y.
Subtotal -Dam and Spillway
WATERWAYS
INTAKE AT WALKER LAKE
Bedding Material
Riprap
Concrete (Including reinforcing)
Trashrack & Stru. Steel
Steel Pipe, 24 inch diameter
24-inch diameter Gate
Misc. Steel
Revegetation and Erosion Control
20
25
30
3,000
70
1
1,000
0.4
C.Y .
C.Y.
C.Y.
Lb.
L.F .
L. S •
Lb.
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & U. Penstock
- 2 -
$25,000
$5,000
$10
$15
$50
$35
$650
$15,000
$100
$5
$25
$15
$650
$3.00
$100.00
$10,000
$3
$2,500
10-Feb-88
Amount($)
2,000
2,000
6,000
1,000
12,000
------------
23,000
------------
241,760
------------
25;000
15,000
11,556
28,444
60,000
10,500
42,611
30,000
25,000
29,333
277 ,444
500
375
19,500
9,000
7,000
10,000
3,000
1,000
50,375
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
332 .32
.321
.322
. 323
. 324
. 325
332 .33
332 .331
.332
.333
. 334
. 335
. 336
. 337
.338
.339
332 .34
.341
.342
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description
LOW PRESSURE PIPELINE (Walker Lk. to
Clearing
Trench Excavation and Backfill
Bedding Material
Steel Pipe, 24 inch diameter
Revegetation and Erosion Control
Quan-
tity
Top of
8.9
9,660
3,000
9,660
8.9
Unit
Penstock)
Acre
L.F .
C.Y .
L.F .
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & Upper Penstock
Penstock
Above-ground Penstock (2,150' long)
Clearing (40' wide)
Additional Tree Removal
Excavation
Concrete in Anchor Blocks
Structural Steel
Steel Penstock, 24 inch diameter
Expansion Joints
Revegetation and Erosion Control
2.0
1
40
100
8,000
2,150
6
2.0
Acre
L.S .
C.Y .
C.Y .
Lb .
L.F.
Each
Acre
Subtotal -Above-ground Penstock
Tailrace
Excavation
Rip-Rap
Subtotal -
240
110
Tailrace
C.Y.
C.Y.
Subtotal -AIC No. 332 -Res., Dams and W'ways
333 TURBINES AND GENERATORS
.01
.02
.03
Furnish 1200 HP Multi-jet
impulse turbine, including inlet
valve, controls and governor
Furnish 920 kW generator
Install turbine-generators
1
1
1
Each
Each
L.S.
Unit
Price
$5,000
$20
$20
$100.00
$2,500
$8,000
$10,000
$25.00
$650
$3.00
$130.00
$4,000
$2,500
$20.00
$25.00
$230,000
$200,000
$80,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 333 -Turbines and Generators
- 3 -
10-Feb-88
Amount($)
44,353
193,200
60,000
966,000
22,176
1,285,729
15,794
10,000
1,000
65,000
24,000
279,500
24,000
4,936
424,230
4,800
2,750
7,550
2,045,328
230,000
200,000
80,000
510,000
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
334
.01
. 02
.03
335
.01
.02
336
.01
.02
.03
350
.01
353
353 .1
.11
.12
353 .2
.21
.22
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-Unit
tity
ACCESSORY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Excitation, switchgear, station service,
controls and protective relays 1 L.S .
Supervisory controls 1 L. S.
Communication Equipment 1 L.S.
Unit
Price
$140,000
$80,000
$20,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 334 -Accessory Elect. Equip.
MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
5-ton Overhead Crane
Miscellaneous Equipment
Subtotal -AIC No. 335 -
ROADS, RAILROADS AND BRIDGES
Upgrade Existing Logging Road
New Road to Dams
Grade and surface exist. P.H. road
Subtotal -AIC No. 336 -
LAND AND LAND RIGHTS
Land Rights -Transmission Facil.
Subtotal -AIC No. 330 -
SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT AND STRUCTURES
SWITCHYARD
Transformer (4.l6/34.5kV)
Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip
Subtotal -
KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
Transformer (34.5kV/12.47kV)
Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip
Subtotal -
1 Each $15,000
1 L. S. $8,000
Misc. Mechanical Equipment
3.10 Mile
1. 70 Mile
6.00 Mile
Roads, Railroads and
Land
0
and
1
1
L. S.
Land Rights
L.S.
L.S.
$50,000
$65,000
$40,000
Bridges
$0
$30,000
$30,000
Walker Lake Switchyard
1
1
L.S.
L.S.
Klawock Substation
$27,000
$30,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 353 -Substation Equipment
-4 -
10-feb-88
Amount($)
140,000
80,000
20,000
------------
240,000
------------
15,000
8,000
------------
23,000
------------
155,000
110,500
240,000
------------
505,500
------------
0
------------
0
------------
30,000
30,000
60,000
27,000
30,000
57,000
117,000
Ott Water Engineers ,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
Ale
355
355
356
356
No.
.1
.11
.12
.13
.1
.11
.12
.13
.14
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 2B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-
tity
POLES AND FIXTURES
POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN & HAINES, 34.5 kV, 20
Poles 1
Guys, Anchors & other material 1
Installation 20
Subtotal -AIC No. 355 -Poles and
OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS AND DEVICES
POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN & HAINES, 34.5 kV, 20
Conductors 1
Insulators 1
Hardware and Miscellaneous 1
Installation 20
Unit
miles
L.S.
L.S.
Mile
Fixtures
miles
L.S.
L.S.
L.S.
Mile
Unit
Price
$80,000
$27,000
$30,000
$40,000
$60,000
$27,000
$24,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 356 -Overhead conductors, etc
359 LINE CLEARING, MOBILIZE AND DEMOBILIZE
.01 Mobilize and Demobilize
.02 Light Clearing
1
4
L. S.
Acre
$40,000
$5,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 359 -Clearing, Mob, and Demob.
- 5 -
10-Feb-88
Amount($)
80,000
27,000
600,000
------------
707,000
---.. _-------
40,000
60,000
27,000
480,000
607,000
40,000
20,000
60,000
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
Alaska Power Authority
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
SUMMARY OF DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
***** (ALTERNATIVE 3, OPTION B:)
FERC
AIC No. Description Amount($)
330 Land and Land Rights 0
330.5 Mobilization and Logistics 193,000
331 Structures and Improvements 303,900
332 Reservoirs, Dams and Waterways 3,092,759
333 Turbines and Generators 920,000
334 Accessory Electrical Equipment 420,000
335 Misc. Mechanical Equipment 40,000
336 Roads, Railroads and Bridges 602,500
350 Land and Land Rights 0
352 Transmission Struct. and Improv. nla
353 Substation Equipment 205,000
355 Poles and Fixtures 787,000
356 Overhead Conductors and Devices 715,000
359 Line Clearing, Mob, and Demob. 60,000
SUBTOTAL, ESTIMATED COSTS 7,339,159
Contingency Allowance * 25.0% 1,834,790
TOTAL ESTIMATED DIRECT COST 9,173,949
Engineering and Administration * 17.5% 1,605,441
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $10,779,390
* Covering environmental studies and licensing (5%), design
and specification (6%), legal and financial fees (1.5%) and
construction management (5%).
lO-feb-88
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 3B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
FERC
AIC No.
Description
330 LAND AND LAND RIGHTS
.01 Land Rights -Generation Plant
Quan-
tity
o
Unit
L.S.
Unit
Price
$0
Subtotal -AIC No. 330 -Land and Land Rights
330 .5 HOBILIZATION AND LOGISTICS
.51 Temp Const Roads for Penstock 1.00 Mile $50,000
.52 Open Storage and He1ipads 1 L.S. $10,000
.53 Covered Storage & Office 1 L.S. $10,000
.54 Construction Power 1 L. S. $10,000
.55 Temporary Water System 1 L.S. $5,000
.56 Construction Surveys 1 L.S. $30,000
.57 Bridge across Walker Ck 1 L.S. $30,000
.58 Subsistence 800 Days $60
Subtotal -AIC No. 330.5 -Mobilization and Logistics
331 STRUCTURES AND IMPROVEMENTS
331 .1 POWERHOUSE
.11 Clearing 2 Acre $5,000
.12 Excavation 300 C.Y. $25
.13 Concrete (including reinforcing) 200 C.Y. $650
. 14 Misc. Metals 2,000 Lb . $3.00
.15 Partition Walls 1 L.S. $3,000
.16 Furnishings and Fixtures 1 L.S. $2,000
.17 Pre-eng'd Metal Superstructure 1,320 S.F. $45.00
.18 HVAC and Plumbing 1 L.S. $15,000
.19 Grounding Grid 1 L.S. $15,000
Subtotal -Powerhouse
331 .2 POWERHOUSE SITE/SWITCHYARD
.21 Fill 200 C.Y. $10
.22 Crushed Rock Surfacing 100 C.Y. $20
.23 Drainage 1 L.S. $10,000
.24 Chain Link Fencing 200 L.F. $30
.25 16-foot Double Gate 1 Each $1,000
. 26 Foundations 20 C.Y . $600
Subtotal -Powerhouse SitelSwitchyard
- 1 -
lO-Feb-88
Amount($)
o
o
50,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
5,000
30,000
30,000
48,000
-------"!'----
193,000
--... ---------
10,000
7,500
130,000
6,000
3,000
2,000
59,400
15,000
15,000
-----.. _-----
247,900
------------
2,000
2,000
10,000
6,000
1,000
12,000
------------
33,000
-----_ .... _---
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
331 .3
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
332
332 .1
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
332 .2
.21
.22
.23
.24
. 25
.26
.27
.28
. 29
.210
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 38
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-Unit
tity
KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
Crushed Rock Surfacing 100 C.Y.
Drainage 1 L.S.
Chain Link Fencing 200 L.F.
16-foot Double Gate 1 Each
Foundations 20 C.Y.
Unit
Price
$20
$2,000
$30
$1,000
$600
Subtotal -Powerhouse SitelSwitchyard
Subtotal -AIC No. 331 -Structures and Improvements
RESERVOIRS, DAMS AND WATERWAYS
DAM AND SPILLWAY ON LITTLE SALMON
Diversion and care of Water 1 L.S. $20,000
Clearing l.0 Acre $5,000
Common Excavation 150 C.Y. $15
Rip-Rap 357 C.Y. $35
Mass Concrete 176 C.Y. $400
Structural Concrete 20 C.Y. $650
Miscellaneous Metals 1,200 Lb. $4.00
Sluice Gate 1 L.S. 15000
Subtotal -Dam and Spillway
DAM AND SPILLWAY AT LAKE ( 2 ROCKFI LL DAMS)
Diversion and care of Water 1 L.S. $25,000
Clearing 3.0 Acre $5,000
Common Excavation 1,156 C.Y. $10
Dumped Rockfil1 1,896 C.Y. $15
Compacted Rockfi1l 1,200 C.Y . $50
Rip-Rap (incl. channel eros cntr1) 300 C.Y. $35
Concrete (Spillway) 66 C.Y. $650
Sluice Gates 2 L.S. $15,000
Outlet Piping (3 ' Dia. ) 250 L.F . $100
Outlet Channel Exc. 5,867 C.Y. $5
Subtotal -Dam and Spillway
- 2 -
10-Feb-S8
Amount($)
2,000
2,000
6,000
1,000
12,000
-... ----------
23,000
-----_ ...... ----
303,900
------------
20,000
5,000
2,250
12,507
70,400
13,000
4,800
15,000
------------
142,957
.. -----------
25,000
15,000
11,556
28,444
60,000
10,500
42,611
30,000
25,000
29,333
----_ .. _-----
277 ,444
------------
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
FERC
AIC No.
332
332
.3
.31
.311
.312
.313
. 314
. 315
. 316
.317
. 319
.3110
.3111
332 .32
.321
. 322
. 323
. 324
.325
.326
.327
.328
332 .33
.331
.332
.333
.334
. 335
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 3B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description
WATERWAYS
INTAKE ON LITTLE SALMON RIVER &
Clearing
Bedding Material
Pipe Backfill
Riprap
Concrete (Including reinforcing)
Trashrack & Stru. Steel
Quan-
tity
PIPELINE TO
2
143
1119
15
40
2,000
5,810
1
Hi dnsty poly., 18" Dia. (inst1d)
18-inch diameter Gate
Misc. Steel
Revegetation and Erosion Control
1,000
0.4
Unit
WALKER LAKE
Acre
C.Y.
C.Y .
C.Y .
C.Y .
Lb.
L. F .
Each
Lb.
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & U. Pipeline
INTAKE AT WALKER LAKE
Bedding Material
Riprap
Concrete (Including reinforcing)
Trashrack & Stru. Steel
Steel Pipe, 30 inch diameter
30-inch diameter Gate Valve
Misc. Steel
Revegetation and Erosion Control
20
25
30
10,500
70
1
1,000
0.4
C.Y .
C.Y .
C.Y .
Lb.
L. F.
Each
Lb.
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & U. Penstock
LOW PRESSURE PIPELINE (Walker Lk. to
Clearing
Trench Excavation and Backfill
Bedding Material
Steel Pipe, 30 inch diameter
Revegetation and Erosion Control
Top of
8.9
9,660
4,000
9,660
8.9
Penstock)
Acre
L.F.
C.Y.
L.F .
Acre
Subtotal -Intake & Upper Penstock
- 3 -
Unit
Price
$5,000
$25
$15
$35
$650
$3.00
$55.00
$4,000
$3
$2,500
$25
$15
$650
$3.00
$130.00
$15,000
$3
$2,500
$5,000
$25
$20
$130.00
$2,500
lO-Feb-8S
Amount($)
10,000
3,586
16,784
525
26,000
6,000
319,550
4,000
3,000
1,000
390,446
500
375
19,500
31,500
9,100
15,000
3,000
1,000
79,975
44,353
241,500
80,000
1,255,800
22,176
1,643,829
Ott Water Engineers, Inc. Alaska Power Authority
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 38
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
FERC
AIC No.
332
332
.34
.341
.342
.343
.344
.345
. 346
.347
. 348
.349
Description
Penstock
Above-ground Penstock (2,150' long)
Clearing (40' wide)
Additional Tree Removal
Excavation
Concrete in Anchor Blocks
Structural Steel
Steel Penstock, 30 inch diameter
Expansion Joints
Revegetation and Erosion Control
Quan-
tity
2.0
1
50
120
11,000
2,150
6
2.0
Unit
Acre
L.S.
C.Y.
C.Y .
Lb.
L.F .
Each
Acre
Unit
Price
$8,000
$10,000
$25.00
$650
$3.00
$175.00
$4,500
$2,500
Subtotal -Above-ground Penstock
332 .35
.351
.352
Tailrace
Excavation
Rip-Rap
Subtotal -
370
179
Tailrace
C.Y.
C.Y.
Subtotal -AIC No. 332 -Res., Dams and W'ways
333 TURBINES AND GENERATORS
.01
.02
.03
Furnish 3000 HP Multi-jet
impulse turbine, including inlet
valve, controls and governor
Furnish 2300 kw generator
Install turbine-generators
1
1
1
Each
Each
L.S.
$20.00
$25.00
$450,000
$350,000
$120,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 333 -Turbines and Generators
334 ACCESSORY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
.01 Excitation, switchgear, station service,
controls and protective relays 1
.02 ,Supervisory controls 1
. 03 Communication Equipment 1
L.S.
L.S .
L.S.
$260,000
$140,000
$20,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 334 -Accessory Elect. Equip.
335 MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
.01
.02
10-ton Overhead Crane
Miscellaneous Equipment
1
1
Each
L.S.
$30,000
$10,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 335 -Misc. Mechanical Equipment
- 4 -
10-Feb-88
Amount($)
15,794
10,000
1,250
78,000
33,000
376,250
27,000
4,936
546,230
7,407
4,471
11,878
3,092,759
450,000
350,000
120,000
920,000
260,000
140,000
20,000
420,000
30,000
10,000
40,000
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 3B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
FERC
AIC No.
Description
336 ROADS, RAILROADS AND BRIDGES
.01 Upgrade Existing Logging Road
.02 New Road to Dams
.03 New Road to Little Salmon Diversn
.04 60-foot Prefab. Bridge Installed
.05 Grade and surface exist. P.H. road
Quan-
tity
3.10
l. 70
0.8
l.00
6.00
Unit
Mile
Mile
Mile
Each
Mile
Unit
Price
$50,000
$65,000
$65,000
$45,000
$40,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 336 -Roads, Railroads and Bridges
350 LAND AND LAND RIGHTS
.01 Land Rights -Transmission Facil. 0 L. S. $0
Subtotal -AIC No. 330 -Land and Land Rights
353 SUBSTATION EQUIPMENT AND STRUCTURES
353 .1 SWITCHYARD
.ll Transformer (4.l6/34.5kV) 1 L.S. $55,000
.12 Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip 1 L. S. $55,000
Subtotal -Walker Lake Switchyard
353 .2 KLUKWAN SUBSTATION
.21 Transformer (34.5kV/12.47kV) 1 L.S. $45,000
.22 Switches, Breakers and Misc. Equip 1 L.S. $50,000
Subtotal -Klawock Substation
Subtotal -AIC No. 353 -Substation Equipment
355 POLES AND FIXTURES
355 .1 POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN & HAINES, 34.5 kV, 20 miles
.ll Poles 1 L.S. $80,000
.12 Guys, Anchors & other material 1 L.S. $27,000
.13 Installation 20 Mile $34,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 355 -Poles and Fixtures
356 OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS AND DEVICES
356 .1 POWERHOUSE TO KLUKWAN & HAINES, 34.5 kV, 20 miles
.11 Conductors 1 L.S. $68,000
.12 Insulators 1 L.S. $80,000
.13 Hardware and Miscellaneous 1 L.S. $27,000
.14 Installation 20 Mile $27,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 356 -Overhead conductors, etc
- 5 -
lO-feb-88
Amount($)
155,000
1l0,500
52,000
45,000
240,000
602,500
0
_ .. _---------
0
------------
55,000
55,000
-... ----------
1l0,000
------------
45,000
50,000
------------
95,000
--_ ... _-------
205,000
---.... -------
80,000
27,000
680,000
------------
787,000
------------
68,000
80,000
27,000
540,000
------------
715,000
------------
Ott Water Engineers,Inc. Alaska Power Authority lO-Feb-88
FERC
AIC No.
359
.01
.02
WALKER LAKE PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE NO. 3B
DETAILED COST ESTIMATE (1988 Dollars)
Description Quan-Unit
tity
LINE CLEARING, MOBILIZE AND DEMOBILIZE
Mobilize and Demobilize 1 L. S.
Light Clearing 4 Acre
Unit Arnount($)
Price
$40,000
$5,000
40,000
20,000
Subtotal -AIC No. 359 -Clearing, Mob, and Demob. 60,000
- 6 -