HomeMy WebLinkAboutBlack Bear Lake Project Feasibility Report Volume II 1981BLACK BEAR LAKE PROJECT
FEASIBILITY REPORT
Prepared by
Harza Engineering Company
and
CH2M-HIII Northwest, Inc.
OCTOBER 1981
VOLUME II
L..-__ ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY __ ---J
" '
,.
I
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
PLAN OF FINANCE
Prepared by the
Alaska Power Authority
June, 1981
The Black Bear Hydroelectric Project, as an alternative to present diesel
generation, can conceivably be financed in several ways. A low interest
rate loan from the Federal Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
could be sought. The Alaska Power Authority or the benefitted communities
could jssue tax exempt revenue bonds. Finally, the State could provide
direct assistance in some form. At the present time an REA loan is
probably not available due to Federal budget restrictions which may
seriously impact the REA program. Further, the Alaska Power Authority
could not finance the project based upon the security of revenues from the
project without some form of State support, nor are the communities
benefitting from the project large enough here to issue bonds. As a
result it is probable that State assistance will be necessary to finance
the project.
The form which such State assistance could take is almost limitless except
for the statutory presumption that such assistance will provide the most
benefit at the least cost to the State. The following four alternatives
analyzed and discussed hereafter represent the most probable forms that this
assistance could take.
1. Financing with State supported Power Authority issued tax exempt
revenue bonds at an interest rate equal to the current average
w~ekly yiel.d of bonds over the last twelve (12) months as taken
from Weekly Bond Buyer. This rate is approximately 10.5% and
represents the lowest probable interest rate that could be obtained
in the market by a State supported Power Authority bond issue.
2. Direct State financing of all capital costs at an interest rate of
5% per year for 35 years with loan payments deferred during construction.
This loan would be amortized over 33 years beginning in 1985.
3. An equity contribution of the State equal to the full cost of the
project and which yields a 10.5% yearly rate of return before
subtracting operating costs.
4. Partial financing with a State grant of $2,500 for each area resident
together with an appropriation from the State of $3,300,000 at
10.5% per year to a Debt Assistance Loan Fund for the project. The
effect of the Debt Assistance Loan Fund would be to subsidize
yearly bond payments in the early years of service to a level which
would make the cost of power generated by Black Bear level or decreasing
in constant dollar terms. Thereafter when diesel costs of energy
increase beyond hydroelectric costs of energy the difference would
be used to retire the loan.
Capital Costs
FINANCING ALTERNATIVE #
Tax Exempt 10.5% Bonds
'Weekly Bond Buyer' Average
Total Construction Cost (1/81)
Inflation (7% per yr for 2 yrs)
Total Construction Cost (1/83)
Interest During Construction (10.5% per yr for 2 yrs)
Tota 1 I nves tment Cost
Financing Expense (2.5% of T.C.R.)
Reserve Fund (one year of interest at 10.5%)
Total Capital Requirement (T.C.R.)
J
Annual Costs
Interest
Operating Costs
o & M
Adm. & General (34% of 0 & M)
1nsurance (0.15% of T.C.R.)
Interim Replacement (0.14% of T.C.R.)
Total Annual Cost
28,000,000
4,057,200
32,057,200
7,084,600
39,141,800
1,124,800
4,724,000
44,990,600
4,724,000
120,000
40,800
67,500
63,000
5,015,300
Table I represents the cost of energy for financing alternative 1. Although
the State may accept some risk in guaranteeing these bonds the present worth
of the State financial assistance provided here is zero.
-2-
1985
1986
1987
1988
1991
1998
2001
2002
Bond
Interest Cost
($000)
4724
I
lInterest
Earned
($000)
( 567)
Tax Exempt 10.5% Bonds
(Weekly Bond Buyers Average)
20perating
Costs
($000)
r
I 291
I
311
333
356
...
Total
Annual Costs
($000)
4448
4468
4490
4513
Energy
Sales
(MvJH)
15060 ..
17410
18230
19090
Cost Of
Energy
¢jKWH
I ~----------i ;:~;---
I 24.6
21. 0
FINANCING ALTERNATIVE # 2
State Loan At 5% Per Year With Deferred Payments
(35 Year Loan Amortized Over 33 Years)
Capital Costs
Total Construction Cost (1/81)
Inflation (7% per yr for 2 yrs)
Total Construction Cost
Interest During Construction (Interest deferred during
2 yrs of construction)
Total Investment Cost
Financing Expenses
Reserve Fund (One Yr Debt Service -5% Loan
Amortized Over 33 Yrs)
Total Capital Requirement (T.C.R.)
J
Annual Costs
Debt Service
Operating Costs
o & M
'Adm. & General (34% of 0 & M)
Insurance (0.15% of T.C.R.)
Interim Replacement (0.14% of T.C.R.)
Total Annual Cost
28,000,000
4,057,200
32,057,200
-0-
32,057,200
-0-
2, 136 ,800
34,194,000
2,136,800
120,000
40,800
51 ,300
47,800 --
-~~Q
Table II represents the cost of energy for financing alternative #2. The
present worth of the State financial assistance is the present value of the
net difference in the effective annual debt service between Alternative #1
and Alternative #2. The effective debt service in Alternative I is the annual
debt service of $4,724,000 less the $566,900 in interest earnings on the reserve
fund or $4,157,100. The annual difference is, therefore, $4,157,100 minus the
annual debt service of $2,1.36,800 in Alternative #2 or $2,020,300. The present
\vorth of $2,020,300 per year at 10.5% for 33 years is $18,528,200.
-4-
,AtiLt 11
State Loan At 5: Per Year With Deferred Payments
(35 Year Loan Amortized Over 33 Years)
Debt Interest Operating Total Energy
Service Earned Costs Annual Costs Sales
($000) ($000) ($000) ($000) (MWH)
Cost Of
Energy
( ¢/KWH)
---~--------~------------,----~::: ! 2137 I (256) • i :::. I :~:: I ;;:~: . +_14.2_
--19-8-7----+--1--i ~--29-7----1 2178 I 18230 I ~~+n
1988 I '[II, 318 I 2199 19090 I l-l~-;----n-
--19-8-9----1----+------'I---I--------+-! ---3-4--0-----+1----2-2-2-1----+-I---19-9-9-0----l---1-1 ~~----
! ) 364 i 2245 I 20930 110.7
m
----
1---38-9-------T-j ---2-2-70-----+--2-1-91-0---I 1 ~.~-----
----------~--~------~--+------~I-------------~I-I J
~::: I I ::: J :::: I ::;:: -t 1:+ __ _
====~ :~:~:==~~-f-I ~~~=~~~===~=~=---I~----f------~------I-I ~-~~:~:~:-----1----;-:-:-:-------+1----'1----.---+~~~;~-----
-------+-----+--------L------+I-----_\r-------------__ ~ _________ -----+------+--------,-----
1996 I : I I 545 ! 2426 I j _1.0:!. __ --~-:-:-:---+I-Ii::: i----:-::-:-----+I----+--~ r-;::~-
-I -i :---6-68---I 2549 -I--l~~---
I I .-: _7_1-_5 ____ l-+ ____ 25_9_6 ____ --+-__ --I--_____ I _l~i_·-~_--_-_--
I i I 765 I 2646 i
-\----------~-----___ ~------------L----------_+__-----+------------________ 1
2002 iLl 819 I 2700 11.4 --:-:-:-: ---I 21 37 =1-------(--2---'5:6~)-~~~~~~~-~~~~-:-:~:=~=======~-\-I~~~~~:~:~:-:-------~----:--t+----------2~3t-7o'--0-0-~-~~--------c---~~~ ~~:-~-~~_I
1990
1991
1999
2000
2001 11 .2
-5-
Capital Costs
FINANCING ALTERNATIVE # 3
State Equity Investment With a 10.5%
Annual Rate of Return Before
Deducting Operating Costs
Total Construction Cost (1/81)
Inflation (7% per yr for 2 yrs)
Total Construction Cost
Return on Investment During Construction (Non-Cumulative
S toc k)
Tota 1 I nves tment Cos t
Financing Expenses
Reserve Fund (One yr at 10.5%)
Jotal Capital Requirement
Annual Costs
r~eturn on Investment (11.0.1.)
Operating Costs (to be deducted from R.O.I.)
~ & M
Adm. & General (34% of 0 & M)
Insurance (0.15% of T.C.R.)
Interim Replacement (0.14% of T.C.R.)
Total Annual Costs
28,000,000
4,057,200
32,057,200
-0-
32,057,200
-0-
3,760,900 --'---
35,818,100
3,760,900
120,000
40,800
53,700
50,000
Table III represents the cost of energy for financing alternative #3.
Operating costs in Alternative #3 take an increasing share of the Return on
Investment until after 40 years when the yearly Return on Investment is
reduced to zero. The present worth of a decreasing stream of Return on
Investment over 40 years discounted at 10.5% equals $32,882,000. Subtracting
$32,882,000 ffrom the present worth of the initial State investment of
$35,818,100 equals $2,936,000.
-6-
Ik Lt 11 1
S:a te Equity Investment -
Cost of Return Interest 1 Project Tota 1 Energy Cost Of-
On Investment Earned Operating Costs Annual Costs Sales Energy
(sOOO) ($000) ($000) (SOOO) (M.W.H.) (¢jKWH)
I
I I ---------r
! f~::~--i
I 1985 3496 I ( 451) I 265 3310 15060
I
I -----+--; I .
:
I f I 1986 3477 I I 284 17410
I
I I l---~~~-. -~ - -
I
I
I
1987 3457 -t ! 304 i 18230 r--------f
I
I ! !
1988 ! 3436 I 325 19090 17.3
I
i ,
~ , I T--------i
I
I I
1989 3413 , 348 I 19990 I , I I 16.6
I i I
I 1--------l i i 1990. 3389 I i I 372
I
I
20930 15.8
I
I I
I
--------
I I 1991 3363 i I 398 21910 15. 1 , I
I
,
I
I ---t , i I 1992 3335 I 426 22830 14.5 I I ;
I
I I
I
~4.0 1993 I 3305 ! 456 I t 23700 I
I
! I
I
I I t I 1994 3273 ! 488 I i t T-_ -----~
I I I I
1995 I 3239 I
I 522 I
I , I
: i I
I
I ---------
I
I I =l~ I I I 1996 I 3202 I 559 I I I --I-i
I
-------
1997 I 3163 ! I 598 I I
I I
I
I
I
-~---
----
I I
1998 3121 I 640 I I I
I
I
I ! ---
1999 I 3076 ! I 685 I
I I , i
I ! I I I
I 2000 I 3028 I I t 733 1 I I I I
I I ! --~--
! I ! I
2001 2977 i , 784 I
I i I
I
, I
I I i i I 2002 2922 839 I I I
I
I
I I \
----_.------~--
2003
I
2772 898
I
v ':l II ,--~.,. r---
2004 2800 ( 451 ) 961 3310 23700 14.0 I
• _ -1-. ___ "_ J.. A.-~ .--.~, +-..., .: ,...., T ....... .J-""" " .-. Y'I' ' ...... 1 r 1'"\ r +"
q I n L *li-'" "1
\ .
EFFECT OF TIME ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
RETURN OF INVESTMENT AND OPERATING COSTS
ROI COST COST OF RETURN PROJECT
DISCOUNTED AT 10.5% ON INVESTHENT OPERATING COSTS
1985 3496 3496 265 -T
1986 3147 3477 284
1987 2831 3457 304
1988 2562 3436 325 35,818,100·
1989 2289 3413 348 32,882,000
1990 2057 3389 372 2,936,000
1991 1847 3363 398
1992 1658 3335 426
1993 1487 3305 456
1994 1332 3273 488
1995 1194 3239 522
1996 1068 3202 559
1997 955 3163 598
1998 852 3121 640
1999 760 3076 685
2000 677 3028 733
2001 603 2977 784
2002 535 2922 839
2003 560 2772 898
2004 420 2800 961
2005 371 2733 1028
2006 327 2661 1100
2007 2B7 2584 1177
2008 252 2502 1259
2009 220 2414 1347
2010 191 2320 1441
2011 166 2219 1542
2012 142 2111 1650
2013 122 1995 1766
2014 103 1871 1890
2015 87 1739 2022
2016 72 1597 2164
2017 59 1447 2315
2018 48 1284 2477
2019 37 1111 2650
2020 28 925 2836
2021 20 726 3035
2022 13 514 3247
2023 6 287 3474
2024 1 44 3717
2025 (216) 3977
32,882 40 Y ars)
-8-
,'.
Capital Costs
FINANCING ALTERNATIVE # 4
State Grant With Power Authority 10.5%
Bonds Plus a Debt Assistance Loan Fund
Total Construction Cost (1/81)
Grant ($2,500 x 1,755)
To Be Financed
Inflation (7% per year for 2 years)
Total Remaining Construction Cost
Interest During Construction (10.5% per yr for 2 yrs)
Total Investment Cost
Financing Expenses (2.5% of T.C.R.)
Reserve Fund (One year of Debt Service at 10.5%)
JTota1 Capital Requirement (T.C.R.)
Annual Cost
Ueot Set'vi ce
Operating Costs
\) & M
Adm. and General (34% of 0 & M)
Insurance (0.15% of T.C.R.)
Interim Replacement (0.14% of T.C.R.)
Total Annual Cost
28,000,000
4,387,500
23,612,500
3,400,200
27,012,700
5,969,800
32,982,500
947,800
3,980,600
37,910,900
3,980,600
120,000
40,800
56,900
53,100
4,251,400
Table IV represents the cost of energy for financing alternative 4. A loan
made from the debt assistance loan fund is at the bond rate of 10.5% per year
and is repaid in full. Therefore, the present worth of State financial
assistance is the present value of the State grant of $4,387,500.
-9-
1985
1986
1987 I I
!
1988
1989
1990 1 r-1 991
I
1992 i
1993 1
I
I
1994 i
I 1995 i
1997
1998 i
I 1999 I
I
I
2000 I
1
I 2001
I 2002
i
___ 200l __ .~
2004 J
Bond
Interest Cost
($000)
~ 3981 i
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
--f-
I
1 :'JLL ....
State Grant With Power Authority 10.5% Bonds
Plus a Oebt Assistance loan Fund
Interest
Ea rned
($000)
(418)
Project
Operating Costs
($000)
~ ,
i 290 + 271
I 310 I
I
I 332
I
I
I 355 i
I 380
I 407
I 439 !
I 470 i
-----1
i
503
T
I
I
I
I
I
J
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
!
Total
Annua 1 Cos ts
($000)
3834
3853
3873
3895
3918
3943
3970
4002
4033
4066
I
I
i
I
1
I
I
T
I
I
I I
I
I
I I -----------t -------t---I I
I 538 I 4101 I I ---,---I
4139 __ ~_ 576_ ~ 1-----
I
--I 616 I 4179 J-I
J I I i I I 659 I 4222
I
i I I I L I I
I 705 I 4268 I I ! 1----
I
I i i
I
I
I I 754 4317 I I I I
I i I -4 __ -L ___ ~ i 807 4370 I
1 I i ! I 863 4335
I 923 4495
I ..y
3981 (418) 988 4560
..
Energy
Sales
(MWH)
15060
17410
18230
19090
19990
20930
21910
22830
23700
Cost of
Energy
¢/KWH
1---------
I 25.5
I
----------
22. 1
I
---
21 .2
1;;·4
I
I 19.6
I 18.8
I 18. 1 I
I 17.5
I_l!~~
1 17.2 i
I 1----
I 17.3
17.5
I --~------
I I 17.7
I I-~
I 17 .8
I-------~-----
I L __ ~~_·_l ___
I I 18.3 !
I --'-----
I 18.5
-----
18.8
--1----------
19.0
---
23700 19.3
Cost of Energy
IV / B 1 a c k Be a r
DEBT ASSISTANCE LOAN FUND
SCHEDULE OF BORROWING AND REPAYMENT
Energy Cost of Energy
Sales Diesel Only
______ ~ ___ ___'__( ¢C-'--. / KWH-'-) ___ _ r --,-( _~1W_H~) ____ 1 __ ( C/ KWH)
I
1985 25.5 I 15060
-----------~------------~---~-
1986 22.1 I'
1987 21 .2
1988 20.4
! 15.2
... ---r·~ -----
17410 16.5
18230
•
16.9
19090 17.5 I
1989
1990
1991
I
19990 I 17.9
T 20930 18.5
--------
I
19.6 I
_1_ 18.8 I
I 18.1 I 21910
--1-9-92---------+
1
-17. 5 T--228;~
19.0
19.6 ,
1993 I
'---
--+------1 7 .0 I 237 DO u • __ -----+ ___ 20_. 2
__ 1_9_94 ____ +-____ ~~ ______ 1---------1---__ 20_.8
1995 i 17.3 I . _______ ~--21 .4
i ----I ---
1996
1997
__ -4------1~----~-----+----------22.6 ___ _
I 17.7 I 1----------------;------+------
1998 i 17.8 I
23.2
23.9
24.5
Annual
Debt Assistance
Loan Amount
($000)
Annua 1 Pay-.
ment on Loans
($000) -----r------------------
. 1552 I 0
I .. ~-----~-
I 975 I
I
784 I
554 I
I
I 340
-r-----
I 63 -------.-
o 197
-----------
I
I I ,
I
479
758
I I .-I --i--
I i I ,
853
972
--,----I ,
I I 1209
I
1-----
--+-I-I
(
I
1304
1446
------
,
I 1570 :::: . !-~:.: ~-r=~---+-~~~----l-------------t-----r----------t-
---i 1---I ---------:c v------~--
1659 25.3
2001 i 18.5 i 23700
-------+------------------1---
26.0 o o
]Taken from Black Bear Lake Project Feasibility Report prepared by Harza Engineering Company
-11-
UESf ASSISTANCE LOAN FUND
LC~N TERM CALCULATION
Accumulated
Principal a ncr ..
I nteres t on tht
Amount in Debt Interest Earned On Amount of Repayment on the Debt
Assistance Loan Debt Assistance Loan Amount of Debt to Debt Assistance Assistance Loan
Fund Fund 2t 12% Assistance Provided Loan Fund Fund at 10.5%
__ Y-,---,"ear ___ -,--"($,-,,,-OO~ (sOOO) (SOOO) ($000) ($000)
_-----'-'19~8~5 i 33_QO _____ +-___ 39§ -J~_~~~~_~~~2 -=-~_~ _~ 3647
~::: J -~=~:::-_ -----+--~ ~~:----I--~~:-:::: _--------'--1988_~ ___ .L __ ~ ____ ~_JUJ_~ __ j=~-98---~=-_I__ __ 554 49'21
~ ::: -I 3:: /--~--~~ ---------+--~-=~-=-r -::::
1991 I 4 i ---0-------I 0 i 197 --1---~3;0
_~ ~:: r-un:: _ -__ +~-~_-F -i -----:::-------r-;~;~---I
! . I I --L-_____ ~ -------------+ -----------
1 546 ___ + ___ l§ii ___________ ~-~---~ _______ ~ ____________ ..§_5 3 _______ --J-_____ ~~? 5~_ __
2586 _ J ____ }1.9 _____ ~------~----J--------972----L-------~-~~~ ____ _
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996 3868 I ___ 464 ___ +_~-_-L-----1.z09----_J __ 2044~ __ ~ __
1997 5541 I 665 I 1. I 1304 I 11543
_-----'-'19-...,9=-::8=---___ -~---------75---J:....:.0 __ = [~_~~1 -___=r=_r=~-I~-___ -~~~;= ___ ==r~-1;7 ~5--=~
1999 _____ : ~~57. _____ i ___ 11133_ ----J _ -1---i-157o. ____ 1_ 14094
2000 ____ 1_ ~§ LQ _____ + ___ ~5) 3 --_ -_ J------l------------t--________ 1_6 5-9---------t----_~5_5L4 ______ _
11/1/2001 15782! 0 . 0 0 i 0 -------'---1-----------------
lSy 1/1/2001 the amount of funds in the Debt Assistance Loan Fund will be sufficient to repay the State for the loan of
$3,300,000 plus interest at 10.5% per year. At this time the loan will be repaid, the Debt Assistance Loan Fund closed
out and the cost of energy to consumers reduced to that of hydroelectric generation.
-12-
SUMMARY
Summari~ed below are the estimated costs of energy in various years for the
four financing alternatives analyzed, as well as the present value of State
assistance proposed for each:
Alternative #1 Alternative #2 Alternative #3 Alternative #4
State Equity In-Partial grant wi
vestment with a 10.5% Bonds plus
10.5% return less a Debt Assistanc
10.5% Bonds State Loan at 5% Operating Costs Loan
1985 29.5 14.2 22.0 15.2
1990 21.8 10.7 15.8 18.5
1995 20.0 1 O. 1 14.0 21.4
2000 20.9 11.0 14.0 25.3
2004 22.0 11 .9 14.0 19.3
P.W. of
State
Assist-
alIce a $18,528,200 $2,936,000 $4,387,500
From a teview of this list it is apparent that the 5% State loan alternative
provides the lowest cost of energy over the 20 year analysis period. It is
also clear that this alternative requires the greatest amount of State financial
assistance. On the other hand, the alternative of a bond issue at 10.5%,
although most likely requiring some form of State guarantee, will need no State
financial assistance. This alternative, however, will produce the highest cost
of energy. Between these extremes lie the two other financing alternatives
which were analyzed. Of these two, the State equity investment alternative
requires less financial assistance from the State as well as produces a
significantly lower cost of energy, while the Debt Assistance Loan Fund
alternative requires less up front financial assistance from the State and a
shorter payback period.
The higher cost of energy during the first several years of the 20 year analysis
period is explained by the fact that electricity sales are less than the
-13-
· . ,
productive cagacity of the Black Bear project. As sales increase the
cost of energy in ¢jKWH decreases. Thereafter, during the last few
years of the analysis period the cost of energy in all but the State
equity investment alternative begins to increase. This is due to increasing
operating costs which are impacted by inflation and are reflected in the
cost of energy. As the single exception the cost of energy for the
State equity investment alternative will not begin to increase until 40 years
after the project begins production. This is because it will take 40 years
before operating costs, as a deduction from the 10.5% return on investment
absorbs the entire return on investment.
Because State assistance is provided in three of the four alternatives
it would be possible to change the results of each by changing the
amount of assistance and the way in which it is provided. In the State
5% loan alternative the interest rate could be increased, thereby raising
the cost of energy and lowering the amount of State assistance. It
would also be possible to defer part of the interest payments due in the
first years of the loan. This would have the effect of lowering the
cost of energy in the early years when this cost is high and increasing
it in later years when it would otherwise be lower.
In the 9lternative which provides for a partial grant with a bond issue
and a debt assistance loan, the cost of energy in the early years of the
analysis period could be lowered by charging a price somewhere between
the price of diesel and hydroelectric generation. However, by doing
this the period during which the cost of energy will remain above that
of hydroelectric will be extended. Additionally, the amount of the
grant could be increased or decreased.
The final alternative of providing State assistance in the form of a State
equity investment with a 10.5% return less operating costs could be changed
as well. By lowering the return on investment during the first few years of
operation the cost of energy could initially be reduced. Further, the cost of
energy could be increased in later years to either make up for the lower return
on investment received earlier, or to reduce the amount of State assistance
required.
The analysis so far has been based upon nominal dollars which include the
impact of inflation on future costs. If the cost of energy in future years
is discounted at an assumed inflation rate of 7% per year, the real cost of
energy as shown below for each of the four alternatives would actually decrease.
-14-
.. ~.----.-------------------------------------
Alternative #1 Alternative #2 Alternative ft3 Alternative #4
10.5% Bonds State Loan at 5"/ 'u
State Equity In-
vestment with a
10.5% return less
Operating Costs
Partial Grant wit
10.5% Bonds plus
a Debt AssistancE
Loan
1985 29.5
1990 1 5.5
1995 10.2
14.2
7.6
5. 1
22.0
11. 1
7. 1
5. 1
3.9
15.2
13.2
10.9
2000 7.6
2004 6. 1
4.0
3.3
9.2
5.4
Such a reduction in the real dollar cost of energy-over time would, therefore,
permit the nominal dollar cost of energy to actually be raised over time
without adversly affecting the real cost of energy.
CONCLUSION
The 10.5% bond alternative requires no State assistance, however, the cost of
energy;which it provides is prohibitive in the early years of project operation
when excess capacity is not sold. The 5% State loan alternative on the
other hand provides the lowest cost of energy, however, the amount of
State assistance required is too high relative to the other alternatives
discussed.
Of the two remalnlng alternatives, that of a partial grant with a bond issue
and debt assistance loan fund requires less up front financial assistance
from the State and provides a shorter payback period than other State
assisted alternatives. This alternative, however, requires more State
financial assistance and results in a higher cost of energy than the State
equity investment alternative and is therefore not recomnended.
Finally, the State equity investment alternative requires less financial
assistance than any other State assisted alternative. Additionally, this
alternative provides the second lowest cost of energy, over a longer period
of time than any of the other alternatives considered. As a result, it
appears that of the four, the State equity investment, Alternative #3,
provides the best combination of low cost of energy and minimal State
assistance. If the State does not proceed with an equity investment
financing plan, the Governor's proposal for financing projects as outlined
in HB 310 would be the best alternative.
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Appendix A
Geology Report
Table of Contents
Purpose and Scope
Regional Geology
Physiography
General Geology
Tectonics and Seismicity
Geology of the Project Site
Previous Studies
Present Investigations.
Stratigraphy
Overburden
Rock Lithology
Lithologic Nomenclature
Structure
Bedding
Jointing
Faulting
Ground Water
Weathering
Engineering Geology
General
Gravity Dam and Spillway Foundations
Penstock, Shaft and Tunnel
Shaft
Tunnel
Powerhouse
Foundation Grouting
Drainage
Reservoir Rim Conditions
Construction Materials
Seismic Design
Recommended Design Exploration
Selected References
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Exhibit No.
1
2
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Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix "
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~ o __ t :E~x=h=i~b=it~s~
Composite Regional Geology Map
Site Geology Map, Damsite
Geologic Section, A-A'
Site Geology Map, Penstock Alignment and Powerhouse
Orogenic Belts and Major Fault Systems in Alaska
~ of Appendices
Seismic Refraction Survey
Test Pit Logs
Geologic Logs of Boreholes
Earthquake Data
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APPENDIX A
GEOLOGY
Purpose and Scope
This Appendix describes and evaluates the geologic conditions
of the project site and provides the basis for the preliminary
layouts and design of the proposed civil structures. The data and
analyses herein are based on a review of geologic literature, and
limited geologic mapping and subsurface exploration performed in the
field during July and August 1980. Approximately 300 feet of core
drilling in seven holes, fourteen shallow test pits, and 1250 feet
of seismic refraction survey along 5 lines were completed.
Petrographic analyses were performed on seven samples taken from
outcrops and drill cores.
Regional Geology
The proposed Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric project is located
on and immediately downstream of Black Bear Lake near the town of
Klawock in central Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. The project area
is in the west central portion of the Craig C-3, Alaska,
7-1/2 minute U.S.G.S. Quadrangle. Access from Ketchikan is by boat
to Klawock, or plane, and up to Black Bear Lake by float plane or
helicopter only. Access by foot is very difficult.
Physiography
The region is an extension of the Coast Range of western North
America which extends from California north to the Alaskan
Peninsula. This region is typified by interconnected mountain
ranges which have undergone several episodes of folding, faulting
and igneous intrusion resulting in extremely complex geology. The
geology also is complicated by a system of strike-slip faults with
large horizontal displacements. Some of these faults are considered
active. The structural grain of the area trends predominantly to
the northwest and is believed to be the result of the latest period
of major folding and faulting during Mesozoic time. Previous
folding was either obliterated during this period or had the more
dominant trend superimposed upon it.
The project site is located on the northeast flank, and close
to the crest, of the Prince of Wales geanticline, which is a large
A-I
structurally positive feature occupying the whole of Prince of Wales
Island.
The physiography of the project area is rugged mountainous
terrain of high relief rising to almost 4,000 feet on an unnamed
peak adjacent to Black Bear Lake. The chief mechanism in the
formation of the present terrain has been Wisconsinian glaciation
causing the development of "Un shaped valleys with steep sides and
broad gentle valley bottoms. The relatively small mountain glacier,
which created Black Bear Lake was truncated by the valley glacier
which eroded Black Lake valley and developed a hanging valley at the
outlet of Black Bear Lake, between the proposed damsite and the
powerhouse location.
The relatively short geologic time since the retreat of the
glaciers (approximately 10,000 years) caused the drainage system to
be poorly integrated. Immature streams flow through oversteepened
valleys with steep gradients in the upper portions of the drainage,
and through shallow lakes and muskeg in the lower portions where
gradients are much flatter.
The oversteepening
of debris avalanches and
discontinuous and are
rainfall conditions.
General Geology
of valley sides is evidenced by many scars
rock falls. These scars are surficial and
probably caused by freeze-thaw and high
References 1, 2, 3, and 4 were the principal sources of
information used in the present study to establish an understanqing
of the geologic framework of the project region and area. These
published maps and reports indicate disagreement in some details of
the geology, however, there is general agreement in the broader
aspects as described briefly here.
Sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive igneous rocks are found
throughout the region and have occurred in at least four geologic
periods including the Ordovician-Silurian, Jurassic, Lower
Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary. Lithologies include thick sequences
of metamorphosed Paleozoic and Mesozoic marine clastics, limestones
and volcanics intruded by igneous stocks, dikes and plutonic masses.
Volcanism has' occurred intermittently since the early Paleozoic.
This is indicated by the common interbedding of volcanic rocks
within .the older marine stratigraphic sequence. Younger dikes found
within the project site are of diabasic to aplitic composition.
The bedrock of the Project site is essentially
Ordovician-Silurian undifferentiated volcanics and meta-sediments.
The Descon Formation is described in the literature as a sequence of
variably interbedded marine sediments and volcanics which has been
subdivided into five general lithologic units. The most prominent
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sedimentary unit
graywacke and
undifferentiated
the site area.
of the formation is a fine to coarse grained
banded mudstone. Considerable thicknesses of
volcanics and intrusive igneous rocks are found at
Soils of glacial orlgln including tills, fluvioglacial and
glaciomarine clastics are widespread regionally. Other soil
deposits of alluvium, colluvium, talus, and residual soils occur
locally and are widespread. Rock falls and debris avalanches are
common in places and are typical of steep-sided valleys in glaciated
terrain.
Tectonics and Seismicity
Faulting in the region is common and well developed, generally
parallel to the general structural (anticlinal) grain that trends
northwest. Other faults trending north and west are also described
regionally, but they are often based on airphoto interpretation.
The amount of displacement along faults is undetermined. One large
thrust fault trending northwest and passing through Klawock Lake is
shown on the Geologic map of the Craig C-4 Quadrangle to be located
5 miles to the southwest of the project site. Due to the limited
scope of the present study, the existence and potential hazard of
this nearby fault could not be verified. Its displacement is not
known, but is considered to be large since Pennsylvanian sediments
and the Ordovician-Silurian Descon Formation are juxtaposed.
Several major faults occur in the region and account for much
of the seismic activity in southeastern Alaska. These faults are
predominantly strike-slip in character, and displacement is
considered to be large (see Exhibit 5). The largest and most
seismically active of these faults is the Fairweather-St. Elias-
Chugach Fault which occurs approximately 80 miles west of the
project site. Movement along this fault is believed responsible for
many of the large earthquakes in the region.
The Denali-Chatham Strait Fault passes through Southeast Alaska
along Chatham Strait and occurs about 80 miles west of the project
site near its intersection with the Fairweather-St. Elias-Chugach
Fault. The Denali-Chatham Strait Fault, although apparently less
active, is believed to have some earthquake activity associated with
it, predominantly toward its northern end. The area of southeastern
Alaska is seismically active with earthquake magnitudes recorded up
to a maximum of 8.1 (Richter Scale). The project site, although
some distance from the concentrated earthquake epicenters, could be
subject to severe shaking. Additional disc~ssion of the seismicity
of the project is located in the section on Seismic Design.
A-3
Geology of the Project Site
Previous Studies
Most of the early geologic investigations in the area were done
in association with mining activity in the early 1900's. Chief
among these investigations are A. H. Brooks (1902), F.E. Wright and
C. W. Wright (1906), and A. F. Buddington and Theodore Chapin
(1929). Recent works by W. H. Condon (1961), and C. L. Sainsbury
(1961) cover the more immediate area but are also based mostly on
mapping of areas close to tide water. These later studies were
based on aerial photo interpretation, and very little field work was
done in the interior of Prince of Wales Island because of its
inaccessability and rugged terrain. The most recent maps were
completed by Sealaska Corp., Ltd. in 1977-79 (Reference 2) and in
Reference 3 (1975), as well as the work contained in U.S.G.S.
Bulletin 1284, Paleozoic Stratigraphy in the Northwest Coastal Area
of Prince of Wales Island Southeastern Alaska by G. B. Eberlein and
~ Churkin~r. (1970). This work was located northwest of the
Project Site but the formations established in the above maps and
reports are used herein. The Black Bear Lake project site was
visited by Harza personnel on a reconnaissance level study in
July, 1979 and a report was prepared for the Alaska Power Authority
titled Black Bear Lake Project, A Reconnaissance Report
(October 1979), Reference-!:
Present Investigations
The scope of the geologic investigations conducted during the
summer of 1980 are stated here. The findings of the investigations
are discussed in detail in the appropriate sections of this report.
Review of available geologic publications relevant to the
project area was completed and the references are listed in the
Selected References which follow the text.
Surface mapping in the project area was undertaken to delineate
the site geology and determine its stratigraphic relationship with
the regional geology mapped in adjoining areas by others for
minerals studies. Detailed mapping of the regional area has not
been done except along coastal areas. Most maps available have been
compiled by use of aerial photographic interpretation. Because of
limited exposure due to heavy growth of timber and underbrush, only
scattered rock outcrops could be found with essentially no
possibility of locating geologic contacts demarking the lithologic
changes between outcrops.
A regional map (Exhibit 1) was produced from published
composite maps and some field checking. Site geologic maps and one
geologic section shown as Exhibits 2, 3 and 4 were produced from
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outcrop mapping and subsurface borings and test pits, supplemented
by seismic refraction surveys •
. A total of fourteen test pits were excavated by hand to
determine the character and depth of overburden and bedrock type.
Pits were dug on each abutment of the dam, at the intake for the
shaft for the penstock, and at the powerhouse site. The locations
are shown on Exhibits 2 and 4 and test pit logs are included as
Appendix 2.
A total of seven drillholes were completed, six at the d"amsite
and one at the powerhouse location. The borings were cored lAX-size
(BQ-size equivalent) with a two-man crew and a Winkie drill rig
which could be dismantled into two pieces and each section carried
by two men. Hole depths varied from 20 feet to 60 feet. Borehole
logs are included as Appendix 3.
The seismic refraction surveys were completed by C. H. Hawley
and Associates, Inc. of Anchorage, Alaska who also subcontracted the
core drilling to Salisbury and Dietz, Inc. of Spokane, Washington.
Three lines were run at the powerhouse area to determine depth to
rock. Two lines were· run on the left abutment of the damsite to
determine apparent thickness of the talus deposit and the apparent
bedrock profile. The report of ~his work and seismic profiles are
attached as Appendix 1.
Stratigraphy
Overburden. The overburden at the project site is extremely
variable with respect to type, extent, depth and location relative
to the various project features. At the damsite and the upper
portions of the slope above the penstock, the overburden is
indicated to be relatively thin except for locally thick
accumulations of talus. At the powerhouse and along the lower
portion of the slope above the penstock, thicker deposits of
overburden can be expected.
The most widely distributed overburden is a variable, but
relatively thin veneer of humus. The average depth is about 2 feet,
but locally thicker accumulations over 3 feet have been.encountered.
The thickness of the humus is based on the depth of incised gullies,
windfalls and test pit excavations. Very often this organic
material lies directly upon rock due to glacial scouring of previous
soil material. In other places the humus has developed over talus,
alluvium, colluvium and glacial till.
Large areas of talus are developed at the base of steep slopes
due to the mass wasting of rock. These deposits are locally quite
-thick. The talus is also extremely variable in particle size,
ranging from less than 3 inches to greater than 3 feet. For the
most part these talus accumulations appear stable and have slope
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angles close to or slightly exceeding the angle of repose of about
33 degrees.
Most of the left abutment above El. 1695 feet (approx.) is
covered by a thick talus deposit which is exposed up to ~he rase of
the left abutment cliff at about El. 1850. The depth of the talus
was found to be 35 feet in drillhole LB-3. Based on seismic
refraction survey lines No. 1 and 2 (Appendix 1) the thiCKness of
the talus increases toward the downstream and toward the left
abutment cliff. The bottom of the talus, based on the seismic
survey and drillhole LB-3, appears to be a bedrock low. This
bedrock low considered in conjunction with the high rock knob
adjacent to the present river cbannel, the topographic trench on the
downstream left bank portion, and an abandoned waterfall observed at
approximate El. 1430 on the downstream right side of the river
channel could represent a previous lake outlet prior to the
deposition of the talus deposit.
Talus deposits of unknown depth are widely distributed above
the powe~nouse location on the right bank of Black Creek, up to
El. +600 feet and upstream to the base of the slope over the
penstock. These deposits are thought to extend under the valley
alluvium fdund at the powerhouse site based on drillhole PH-1. This
hole encountered 6 feet ot alluvium underlain by 22 feet of angular
to subangular diorite boulders and gravel. Based on the single rock
type encountered in drilling this lower interval, it is considered
unlikely to be alluvium and has been interpreted to be talus.
Talus deposits at the base of steep rock faces occur along the
penstock route particularly at approximate elevations from
13bO to 1280, and b50 to 500. Several large rockfalls are exposed
in the southeastern corner of Black Bear Lake.
Finer-grained colluvium occurs on slopes at the damsite and
along the slope above the penstock route. These deposits are
composed of gravel and sands with some sand-silt fractions. The
colluvium is otten relatively thin but some locally thicker deposits
occur.
On the lett abutment approximately ~OO to 500 feet do~nstream
from the proposed dam axis, several large dissected colluvial
deposits are exposed which are undercut at their toe by tte river
and are considered active and potentially unstable. The vegetation
has been removed by a recent slope failure and the exposed colluvium
is lying at 51 degrees, well above the usual 33 degree angle of
repose. Its instability is also increased because of poorer
drainage due to a greater percentage of silt and sand-size
particles, as compared to the talus.
Thick deposits of glaCial till in excess of 15 feet were found
in the lo~r valley below Black Bear Falls and in side valleys
flowing into Black Bear Creek. The till is light to medium brown,
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poorly sorted, gravelly, silty sand. Due to the presence of the
till in the lower slopes of the valley as well as the generally
thicker colluvium and humus accumulations in that area, it is
expected that the thickness of the overburden along the lower
reaches of the slope above the penstock will exceed 15 feet in
places. The till however, was not generally found above El. 700.
Residual soils developed from in-situ weathering of bedrock
o'ccur only in scattered areas at the damsite. Generally these soils
are less than on~ foot thick and are composed of silty clays with
gravel size fragments of relatively fresh rock.
Many tree trunks on slopes are bent, confirming the occurrence
of down-slope creep of the overburden layer. However, this creep
may not be a prevalent condition since perfectly straight trees also
occur. ~he stability of these soils is enhanced by vegetation
cover.
Alluvium above the Falls, composed of boulders and coarse
gravels in the upper reaches of Black Bear Creek, is not expected to
exceed 3 or 4 feet in thickness based on the abundance of rock
outcrops downstream of the proposed axis. In the lower reaches of
Black Bear Creek below the Falls tne alluvial deposits are probably
of considerable depth. Orillhole PH-1, drilled in the approximate
center of the proposed powerhouse area, penetrated 34 feet of
overburden and was abandoned due to caving prior to encountering
bedrock. Orillhole PH-1 encountered 6 feet of angular to subrounded
fine gravels and coarse sand with very few fines. This material is
similar to that exposed in test pit .14 nearby. The material below
a depth of 6 feet is considered talus. Seismic refraction surveys
(Appendix 1) indicate the overburden to range trom 30 to 50 feet in
thickness throughout the proposed powerhouse location. The
thickness of alluvium overlying the talus is unknown except at PH-1.
Because of the short distance of transport and the high stream
gradient, few fine sizes are present and the alluvium typically
consists of angular to sub-rounded boulders and gravels of diorite,
andesite and metavolcanics. However, apprOximately one mile
downstream from the proposed powerhouse location, the stream bed is
composed of well sorted medium to fine sand, because of a flattened
stream gradient.
The proposed powerhouse location is on a straight line
immediately downstream from a sharp bend in the river. This change
in river direction might indicate the occurrence of an older buried
channel. Such an abandoned channel is also indicated by the
relatively deep overburden encountered in PH-1, by the
interpretation of talus underlying alluvium and by the topographic
bedrock low interpreted in seiSmic line B-B (Appendix 1).
A-7
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Lithologic Nomenclature. During the field work preliminary
megascopic rock descriptions were applied to the complex geologic
rock types observed in drill core and outcrop. Subsequent
microscopic petrographic analyses of selected samples in Chicago
have shown that the original field nomenclature required some
rev~s~ons. The lithologic nomenclature used in the text of this
report, and on the geologic plans and cross section reflect these
changes form argillite to a high grade methamorphic rock and
andesite. However, the descriptions in the geologic logs have not
been changed and retain the preliminary terminology applied by the
field geologist.
Rock Lithology. The bedrock of the project area is composed of
andesite, fine to medium grained metamorphosed graywackes and
mudstones and coarse grained volcanic graywacke, conglomerates and
breccias, all of which are considered to be part of the Ordovician ~
Silurian Descon Formation. These rocks have been intruded by
igneous rocks of diorite to quartz diorite composition and are
assumed to be Jurassic -Cretaceous in age. In places the rock has
been subjected to regional metamorphism as well as some contact
metamorphism and metasomatism adjacent to these instrusions. Quartz
veins are wide spread although not abundant and appear to be related
to the diorite -quartz diorite intrusion.
The principal rock types in the site area range from olive gray
to dark gray, fine to coarse grained metamorphosed graywacke and
volcanic andesite. These lithologies are exposed throughout most of
the right abutment above elevation 1750 and in the river downstream
of the proposed axis. The graywacke is thick bedded and highly
indurated. Due to recrystallization, the rock has a tendency to
break across grains rather than around them when broken with a
hammer. The graywacke is extremely variable in color with brown to
gray varieties which are probably due to a change in mineral
constituents or a change in grain size, or both. The graywacke
often grades imperceptibly into a conglomeratic graywacke in which
clasts of volcanic rocks and euhedral to angular pyroxene grains up
to 1/2-inch in diameter are extremely prominent. These two
varieties of graywacke have been combined for mapping purposes.
Andesite is well exposed in the river channel downstream from
the dam axis, and on the left abutment cliff above the talus slope.
Drillhole data, as shown on Geologic Section A-A (Exhibit 3),
indicates that the andesite underlies the overburden over most of
the dam axis area.
The andesite is typically medium gray, fine-grained, dense,
very hard and strong. It contains phenocrysts of plagioclase,
hornblende, and pyroxenes, and includes numerous thin quartz veins
and quartzose masses as seen in the drillhole core. It is iron
stained where weathered.
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Close to the intrusive contacts most rock types show
some degree of metamorphism. The graywacke and particularly the
conglomerate phases sho~ a large degree of recrystalli~ation and
coarsening of grain size. The rock becomes lighter gray and
distinctly more siliceous, which is also notable in the andesite.
Rocks of intrusive igneous origin occur throughout the project
area. Diorite is probably the predOminant bedrock type in the lower
valley. It occurs at the base of cliffs up to at least elevation
600 feet above the powerhouse on the right and left banks of Black
Bear Creeks, and up to elevation 900 feet along the penstock, at the
damsite and above lake elevation along the south and west shores.
One small outcrop of closely fractured, moderately weathered diorite
is exposed approximately 300 feet downstream of the powerhouse site.
The igneous instrusions are quite variable in composition
ranging from diorite to quart~ diorite and possibly granodiorite.
The amount of mafic minerals is highly variable. The rocks are
medium grained, generally evenly textured, light to medium gray,
hard and strong. A distinct "salt and pepper" appearance is evident
as the percentage of mafic minerals increases. In areas where the
igneous rocks intrude the graywackes or andesites, they are
distinctly more mafic and tend toward a dark gray color.
Quart~ veins are common in the area of the intrusions, and
pyritization is very common. The outcrops of country rock adjacent
to the intrusions and especially in the river near the proposed dam
axis are often deeply stained red to brown because of oxidation of
the pyrite. In many areas, especially in the finer grained
andesite, a film of pyrite is present on almost all fracture faces
and parallel to the apparent flow structure.
structure
Bedding. Due to the limited and scattered bedrock outcrops,
bedding is generally not readily observable. Bedding appears to be
quite massive and is best observed in the coarse graywacke
conglomerate where a crude stratification of pebbles is developed
and by flow banding in the andesite. In general, the strike of the
beds is to the northwest with a dip to the northeast. This trend is
conformable with the regional structure. No definite folding was
observed in the area because of the limited outcrops.
JOinting. Jointing in the project area is extremely variable
with respect to strike and dip. The most common jOint sets are N
500-700 wand N 50 0-60 0 E with generally steep but variable dips. A
minor concentration of joints also occurs slightly east and west of
north.
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Some stress relief joints were observed parallel to existing
slopes along the slope above the penstock. These relief joints
cause a slabby breakage and spalling of the rock slope, but are not
everywhere evident. Some irregular nearly horizontal jointing also
occurs in some areas.
Some joints appear to be relatively tight, and joint fillings
are common. The most ubiquitous filling is pyrite which is commonly
weathered to reddish brown limonite. Other joint fillings include
quartz, calcite and a green chloritic material but these are greatly
subordinant to pyrite/limonite infillings. The chloritic material
weathers to a brown clay.
The northwest-trending joint set is well developed along the
river channel near the proposed dam axis, subparallel to the stream.
The joints dip steeply to the southwest and control the form of the
right bank of the channel in several areas. This northwest
orientation is similar to that exposed in a closely fractured zone
on the left bank approximately 1000 feet downstream of the proposed
axis.
Faulting. No positive evidence of faulting was observed in the
immediate area of the proposed project features; however, there is
evidence of shearing on the upper abutment of the damsite area.
Some previous workersl/ have mapped a fault of regional extent
through Black Bear Lake and Black Lake Valley (shown on Exhibit 1),
but no absolute evidence of this was found at the site. This
previously mapped fault could be the one observed during previous
investigations by Harza in June 1979 on the west side of Black Lake,
-where andesite and diorite are exposed in faulted contact.
The closely fractured and sheared zone exposed on the left
abutment was observed about 1,000 feet downstream of the proposed
axis. This shear zone along with the fractured and slabby diorite
outcrop near the powerhouse may be related to the fault postulated
by othersl/ (shown on Exhibit 1). The shear gouge zone is 0.5 to
I foot wide with some pyrite mineralization exposed in an area of
closely spaced fracturing. The fractures are oriented about N 55 W
with a dip of 708-858 SW. This same fracture orientation is exposed
near the proposed powerhouse area but these two zones cannot be
correlated along the same alignment.
A small fault of unknown displacement was found on the left
bank of Black Bear Lake about 2/3 mile upstream of the proposed dam
axis. In this area, a calcite and quartz-filled zone approximately
1 to 2 feet wide is exposed with widely differing strike (across the
lake) and dip observed on opposite sides of the fault. The presence
!/ Reconnaissance Geology field maps prepared for SEALASKA CORP.
by Derry, Michener, Booth, 1977, 1978, 1979.
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of these vein minerals suggests that this is an inactive fracture
zone;
Ground water
Ground water at the proposed dam axis is about 25-30 feet below
the ground surface. Water level measurements indicate a normal
condition with the gradient sloping toward the river. The
groundwater level at the dam axis is somewbat deep, probably caused
by the dewatering effect of Black Bear Falls gorge and the steep
slopes immediately downstream. The groundwater level found in
drillhole PH-1 in the proposed powerhouse location was found to be
at a depth of about 25 feet. The groundwater levels encountered
in the drillholes are shown on the drillhole logs and on Exhibit 3.
weathering
Weathering of bedrock is not prominent in the project area •
The most readily observable weathering phenomenon is red-brown iron
staining on the joints and fracture surfaces due to the oxidation of
pyrite. This staining is common to a depth of 10 feet to 12 feet in
drill core, and occurs at greater depths along isolated, more
closely fractured intervals. This phenomenon is observed in outcrop
along the river channel downstream of the proposed dam axis.
Weathered rock surfaces generally are less than 1/8" thick.
However, minor jOint-controlled zones of more deeply weathered and
slightly decomposed rock occur sporadically and at depth •
Coatings along open joints are most commonly iron minerals.
OccaSionally calcite and a green chloritic material is present up to
a thickness of o.q inch. Many joints are filled with quartz and are
little affected by weathering. The occurrence of clay along joints
is uncommon except in a few isolated instances observed in
drillholes LB-1 and RB-3.
Engineering Geology
General
The proposed dam, spillway and penstock are to be founded on
metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks described under Geology
of the project Site. These rocks will provide a suitable foundation
for the proposed structures. The project layout is st-own on
Exhibits 2 and q. Generally the rocks are very hard, strong and
fresh to very slightly weathered. The rocks are typically massive
to thick bedded. Jointing is moderately to slightly developed and
variably spaced.
A-11
The powerhouse will be founded on alluvium and talus as
determined from the indicated depth of overburden shown in one
drillhole and seismic refraction surveys done at the proposed
location.
Cored drillholes and hand-excavated test pits, supplemented by
seismic refraction surveys, provided data as to rock quality, depth
of weathering, and depth of overburden at project structures, as
well as groundwater levels and apparent rock permeability. The
following sections present the engineering geologic evaluation for
the civil structures.
Gravity Dam and Spillway Foundations
The dam and spillway foundations were investigated by surface
geologic mapping, Test Pits 1, 2 and 8-12, drillholes RB-l, 2 and
LB-l, 2, 3, and by seismic refraction surveys. These structures
will be founded on interbedded andesites, metamorphosed graywackes,
and diorite. The rocks that comprise the foundations are well
exposed in the narrow steep-sided gorge cut by Black Bear Creek
downstream of the outlet of Black Bear Lake, and in a few scattered
surface exposures on the abutments, predominantly on the right
abutment. The rock exhibits thick to massive relic bedding or
layering which appears to dip upstream and toward the right abutment
at 406-806.
The most prominent rock types penetrated in the drillholes are
massive, moderately fractured andesite and diorite. Drillhole LB-l
encountered a massive, fresh moderately to slightly jointed diorite
at a depth of 35 feet which is also exposed in the river channel.
Drillhole· RB-2 encountered a microcrystalline, white quartzose zone
at 9 feet and a greenish-gray and red-brown metamorphosed graywacke
at a depth of 26 feet.
For the dam, intake shaft and spillway foundations, it will be
necessary to excavate all overburden and weathered bedrock into
sound bedrock. The depth of overburden is generally 3 to 7 feet
except for the 20 to 30 feet thick deposit of talus on the left
bank. The amount of rock excavation is expected to be relatively
minor, based on examination of drill core where the depth of
weathering is seen to extend about 2 feet below the top of bedrock.
Nominal dental treatment of open cracks or badly fractured zones
will be required along the dam foundation.
Water pressure tests in the drillholes located along the
initial axis downstream of the present dam axis indicate that the
iron-stained joints are generally tight and should not permit
excessive reservoir seepage. Isolated weathered joints and more
closely fractured intervals encountered in drillholes caused a loss
of circulation fluid during drilling and will have to be treated by
grouting. Bedding does not appear to have any adverse effect upon
A-12
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."
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,-
the foundation for the proposed structures and should not constitute
a preferred path for leakage.
Careful excavation of weathered rock is required to prevent
excessive damage to sound foundation rock from blasting. Some
scaling of the steep left bank cliff well above the elevation of the
dam may be required to remove any large hanging slabs or loose
blocks.
Because of the depths of ground water at the damsite, little
inflow is expected during excavation. Surface runoff must be
controlled by an adequate interceptor system because of the high
rainfall during the rainy season.
Penstock Shaft and Tunnel
The intake, penstock, shaft, and lower slope was investigated
by drillhole RB-3, Test Pits 3 to 7, and observation of limited
bedrock exposures during surface reconnaissance of the slope down to
the powerhouse. The reconnaissance was made to determine the
feasibility of constructing the penstock along the surface of the
steep slope.
Overburden depth along the upper portion of the penstock from
the dam site to elevation 700 is not expected to be more than 2 to
3 feet. Rock outcrops are scattered and, except on cliff faces, are
best exposed in gullies and areas formed· by windfalls. The
overburden is generally limited to humus with only minimal residual
soil/colluvium from weathering of bedrock. Jointing in bedrock is
variably oriented and moderately spaced. Often the top of rock is
smooth and parallel to the slope due to glacial scour. Stress
relief jointing developed parallel to the slopes, and in part due to
unloading from the retreat of glacial ice, occurs in local areas and
causes slabby breakage from cliff faces. These observations of
difficulties in founding a stable penstock along the steep slope led
to consideration of an underground system.
Along the lower portion of the slope above the penstock, from
elevation 700 to the powerhouse, rock outcrops are scarce and
overburden is expected to be deeper. In the lower slopes glacial
till is expected to occur below the colluvium and humus, and depths
to bedrock of more than 15 feet are to be expected locally. A deep
accumulation of talus can be expected at the base of the steep rock
faces.
Along the penstock route in the river valley between the toe of
the major slope and the powerhouse, the depth of overburden and
talus is expected to be considerably deeper .than on the slope
itself, and spread footings and burial of the penstock conduit may
be necessary.
A-13
Shaft. Based on limited knowledge of the rock strata through
which the vertical shaft will be drilled, it is anticipated from
surface reconnaissance that generally sound, hard quartzite, layered
metamorphosed graywacke or andesite, and finally diorite will be
encountered in that order. Zones o~ fractured and closely jointed
rock can be expected. To avoid large stress relief joints, the
shaft and tunnel should be located a minimum of 200 feet from the
edge of the gorge.
Drillhole RB-3 was located at the proposed intake area for the
vertical shaft and showed 2.4 feet of soil and weathered rock
fragments overlying a zone of quartzite rock down to final depth of
20 feet. The full thickness of the quartzite seam is not known. It
is recommended that a deep exploratory hole be drilled as a pilot
hole prior to construction, to determine the stratigraphic sequence
and potential difficulty ot drilling a large diameter hole for the
shaft.
It is thought that generally good hard to moderately hard rock
conditions will be encountered during drilling, and that only minor
problems of stability in fractured rock can be expected.
TUnnel. The tunnel geology can only be assumed from limited
exposures seen on the gorge walls from a distance, and from a few
diorite exposures along the left side of the lower strea~ channel
beyond the Falls. It appears that diorite is the major rock type
below about elevation 700 feet, but andesite or other rock types may
occur within the intrusion or along contact zones. Exhibit 4 shows
the scattered outcrops mapped along the original surface alignment.
It is estimated that about 50' of the essentially horizontal
tunnel section will require rock bolts and mesh and/or shotcrete for
temporary support in blocky or closely jOinted zones; and up to 25'
of the tunnel length may require steel supports in highly fractured
and. weathered diorite, including the final 150 feet in the portal
section having minimal rock cover to the outlet. The rock cover
does not include the unknown thickness of overburden and talus
overlying the rock.
The tinal section ot steel penstock leading into the powerhouse
will be cut and cover in talus and gravel deposits of unknown
grading. The trench will probably require overexcavation at the
invert and subsequent baCkfilling and compaction of controlled
quality pervious material.
A-14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_.
~.,
-
....
....
-
.-
. -
-
. -
......
......
...
-
.~ .-
Powerhouse
Most of the proposed powerhouse location is 1l1antled by
relatively thick layers of alluvium and talus. Based on the depth
of overburden to at least 34 feet in drillhole PH-l and on the
seismic survey, the powerhouse will be built on alluvium and talus.
An adequate foundation on piling or a raft design should be provided
to prevent differential settlement. The deep groundwater level of
25 feet depth measured in drillhole PH-l, suggests dewatering
problems in this location may be minor except for the draft tube
excavation. Excavation of the interlayered sands and gravel and
replacement with compacted fill, or preconsolidation by wetting may
be required •
Foundatio~ Grouting
Construction of a nominal grout curtain beneath the gravity dam
and spillway is necessary to control seepage and reduce water losses
from the reservoir. During drilling and water pressure testing in
rock, water losses ranged from nil to 100% in a few open joints and
fractured zones. Generally, losses were in the range of 1 to 6 gpm
but less than 1 gpm in many cases. It is anticipated that grout
consumption in general will be low •
For estimating purposes, a one row grout curtain is suggested
full length beneath the dam and spillway with spacing of primary
holes 20 feet o.c., secondary holes at 10 feet o.c., and tertiary
holes split-spaced at 5 feet o.c. Additional split-spaced holes at
less than 5 feet spacing will be provided where required. The
average hole depth is estimated to be 30 feet (deeper beneath the
channel and gradually shorter up each abutment). Holes are to be
stage-grouted in descending stage depths.
Consolidation grouting is expected to be required in areas of
badly fractured or closely jointed rock in the foundation. The
estimate should include grouting the entire length of the foundation
trench with holes staggered in three parallel rows 10 feet deep on
10-foot centers.
Drain~
A drain hole curtain is
grout curtain beneath the
pressures and to control
curtain.
necessary on the downstream side of the
dam and spillway to reduce uplift
any water which circumvents the grout
The drainage curtain will be a singl~ line of inclined holes
drilled from a gallery constructed within the bottom of the gravity
structures. Holes will be spaced on 10-foot centers and average
25 feet deep.
A-ls
Reservoir ~ Conditions
The proposed operating level of the reservoir is elevation 1715
feet. This is an increase of 35 feet above the normal level of
Black Bear Lake. The lake shore was inspected for seepage potential
and slope stability. The lake is currently rimmed with relatively
impermeable rock mantled by thin layers of alluvial and colluvial
material and possibly some glacial tills. Potential for excessive
reservoir seepage is low.
other than some surficial slumping of
layer, no slope instability is expected.
block slides and talus deposits exist
supported below present lake level and are
with the higher reservoir level.
Construction Materials
the thin organic top soil
Several areas of large
but these are currently
expected to remain stable
Specific sampling and laboratory testing for construction
materials were not conducted tor this study. However, it is
anticipated that the talus to be excavated from the left abutment
can be grizzlied and possibly crusned for use as concrete aggregate.
There is a more likely potential of using the alluvial and talus
material from required excavation of the powerhouse and tailrace
area, and other sources in the Vicinity of the powerhouse or at
Klawock. A complete gradation of potential aggregate materials from
boulders to medium sand exists between the powerhouse location and
approximately one mile downstream. One alluvial sample taken
approximately 500 feet upstream from the head of Black Lake
contained a well sorted medium to fine sand.
Se iSm! c De sign
The region of Southeastern Alaska is seismically active and the
project must be designed tor seiSmic ha~ard. Appendix ~ includes a
map and tabulation of all earthquakes recorded within a 500 km
radius of the site having magnitudes of 3.0 (Richter) or larger.
The largest earthquake recorded was a magnitude 8.1 event which
occurred in 19~9 about 80 miles southwest of the Site along the
Fairweather Fault. The closest earthquake (of unknown magnitude)
occurred 7~ km northeast of the site.
owing to the sparse population and low-level of cultural
development in SOutheastern Alaska, knowledge of the seismic
intensity of this area is not as well developed as in the contiguous
United States.
A-lb
-~
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-
-...
-~
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--
-
-
-
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-
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'-
..
-
-
The only "felt" earthquake reported in Klawock, during
period 178b-1974 was a reported intensity V associated with
earthquake having a magnitude 6.5 that occurred 213 km from
town. No "felt" reports are on record associated with the
earthquake (1949) mentioned above, but this is probably due to
sparse population at the time.
the
an
the
8.1
the
Based on the projected maximum intensity of earthquakes (Meyers
et. ale 1976) the 1949 seismic event might have produced an
intensi ty of VII at Rlawock although the lack of "felt" reports
tends to lessen this estimate. The same lack of "felt" reports
associated with the 8.1 magnitude event is true for Ketchikan as
well.
By transposing the maximum area event (8.1) to the closest
fault with known seismic activity, would yield an event· of this
magnitude along the Fairweather Fault at a distance ot 128 km
(80 miles), from the Project. USing seismic acceleration
attenuation curves developed for the western contiguous States
(reference b), and considered reasonably applicable for Southeastern
Alaska, a maximum bedrock acceleration of 0.10 9 would be
experienced at the Site. However, because of the oversteepening of
slopes and the common occurrence of slides in the area, an estimate
of 0.15 9 would not be overly conservative. This acceleration is
also commonly used in California, also a highly seismiC zone.
For final deSign studies, the degree of seismic hazard will
include determination of the Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) which
could be expected at the project Site, and the design acceleration
factor to be used for the structures •
Recommended Design Exploration
Final deSign of the project will be based on geologic and
geotechnical data acquired from additional drillholes and tests for
aggregates. In the dam area, additional drillholes will be required
to define and delineate the possibility of an old channel under the
left bank talus and location of bedrock for left abutment
foundation; to further investigate the powerhouse foundation in the
vicinity of the present lower river channel, and to determine the
optimum depth of the foundation grout curtain beneath the dam.
Pattern drilling should be performed to explore for bedrock
configuration beneath the powerhouse. The lower section of the
tunnel and outlet portal, as well as the cut and cover penstock
section should be explored for rock surface configuration and rock
quality.
A-17
•
A deep cored hole (NQ-size) will be necessary at the vertical
penstock shaft to determine stratigraphy, expected rock conditions
and quality, and the existence of faulted or sheared rock ~hich may
require relocation of the shaft.
Laboratory tests for physical properties of the various rock
types are necessary for rock strength moduli and quality data, and
for quality tests on potential concrete aggregates.
selected References
1. Alaska Power Authority, (1979) "Black Bear Lake Project, A
Reconnaissance Report", Harza Engineering Company.
2. Sealaska Corporation, Ltd., (1977-79) "Reconnaissance Geology,
Klawock Withdrawal", Three Geologic Maps of the Black bear Lake
Area. Derry, Michener and Booth.
3. Churkin, M. Jr. and Eberlein, G.D., (1975) "Geologic Map of the
Craig C-4 Quadrangle, Alaska", u.s. Geol. Survey Map GQ-1169.
4. Eberlein, G.D., and Churkin, Michael Jr., (1970) "Paleozoic
Stratigraphy in the Northwest Coastal Area of Prince of Wales
Island, Southeastern Alaska", u.s. Geol. Survey Bulletin 1284.
5. Condon, W. H., "Geologic Map of the Craig Quadrangle,
Southeastern Alaska", u.S. Geol. Survey Bulletin 1108-E.
6. Algermissen, S. T., and Perkins, D. M., (1976) "A Probabilistic
Estimate of Maximum Acceleration in Rock in the Contiguous United
States".
7. Meyers, H. Brazee, R. J., Coffman, J. L., Lessig, S. R., (197b)
"An Analysis of Earthquake Intensities and Recurrence Rates in
and near Alaska", National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, NOAA Technical Memorandum EDS NGSDC-3.
A-18
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-,
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-EXHIBITS
.....
.....
REFERENCES:
1. Sealaska Corp. Ltd., Klawock Withdrawal Reconnaisance
Geology Maps, Nov.1977, Nov.1978 and N'Ov.1979.
2. Churkin, M. Jr. and Eberl in, G.D., "Geologic Map of
the Crai~ C-4 Quadrangle, Alaska, U.S.G.S. GQ-1169, 1975.
3. Condon, W.H., "Geologic Map of the Craig Quadrangle,
Southeastern Alaska", U.S.G.S. Bull.1108-B, Platel, 1961.
HARZA ENGI'IEERING COMPANY -MARCH,1981
EXPLANATION EXHIBIT ------
STRATIGRAPHY
QUATERNARY
I aU I All u vi um.
CRETACEOUS -JURASSIC
KJ I Diorite, quartz diorite and grandiorite.
PENNSYLVANIAN
I Pzpd I Porphyritic bas.alt/andesite. I Pk I KLAWAK FORMATION: Calcareous sandstone; siltstone; & minor limestone.
MISSISSIPPIAN
Mp
Mpl
I Mplc I
I Mpc I
DEVONIAN
PERATROVICH FORMATION
Limestone member: Thick-bedded, massive limestone & minor dolomitic
1 imestone.
Limestone and chert member.
Chert member: Thin-bedded
I Dc I CORONADOS VOLCANICS: Volcanic basalt with interlayered, fossiliferous
limestone.
SILURIAN -ORDOVICIAN
Isouvi
I SOd I
~Odc~
" /"
Undifferentiated andesitic volcanics and breccia.
DESCON FORMATION: Graywacke and mudstone with interbedded basaltic
volcanic rocks and conglomerate.
Hornfels.
gYtmOLS ----
Contact, approximate, queried where inferred.
,/ , ...
/"
,/
Fault, dashed where approximate, queried where inferred, dotted where
hidden.
1.·'
y
y.
"
,,'
","
, !lo'
y
.,x'
j#" y
NOTES:
Thrust fault, dashed where approximate, queried where inferred, dotted
where hidden. Barbs on side of upper plate.
Inferred fault from photogeologic mapping. Taken from reference 3.
Strike and dip of incl ined beds .
Strike of vertical beds.
Strike and dip of schistosity. Scal. 0
I
Contour interval 100'
2 Mil ••
I
1. Geology taken from reference 1 except where
locally adapted from references 2 & 3.
2. Topography from U.S.G.S. Craig C-3 and C-4
7l..2' Quadrangl es, 1949.
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
BLACK BEAR LAKE PROJECT
COMPOSITE
REGIONAL GEOLOGY MAP
,
..
,
\
\
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY -MARCH,198l
-::,
~/
/"", \ ~','
" '\
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s
"/
/' SOuv
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TP-/1
at
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,/690
,----":-1700
_---'-17Z0
QUATERNARY r-CU ITALUS
EXHIBIT 2
Gr.ne' ,lftd boulders; ""gular to sub.nguhr.
IIOHI), diorite; particle ~lu froll 3 Inchu to
3 fut.
I Oal I~~!!!.~: Sind and 50111.11 gravel; fn finu; angular to
subrounded; sand is coarse.
CRETACEOUS and JURASSIC
I KJ I!.G~~US ~;SIVES: Diorite; l'IIedlull-gr.lnedi I1ght to
IIlIdiu. gr.y; l'IIottled loc.lly; ftlrd. strong.
~~U_~_~~_ORDOVI~!!:
ISOUVjVOlCAN'CS AND HETAYOlCANICS: Undifferentiated udutuc
lava flows with high gr.de reglon,l lIetlll.orphlc
fabrics and .Inerals; 'Mlcrocry!;tllllne to flne-
grained, gray to dark grily, with phenocryst;
contains numerous qUlrtl' veins; very hArd and
strong.
IT] ANDESITE: Microcrystalline. dlllrk gr.y.
IT] ANDESI..!r: Fine-grllned. IItdlu_ grlY.
I SOd I METASEDIMENTS: Grlywlcke. highly IIttnorphOl~d; relic
sedillentary fabrics rlnge froll flnt-grl,ned
lIudstone to cOlrse-grlined Ind conglo.erltlc.
.,..
~ /'
~ o
? 5 .. a ....
La., ~U·
ilT .....
~
" A ,;.
IIOTES:
1 ight grly to black; hlrd; strong.
Contlct, Ipproxlillte, queried whtrt inferred.
Lithologh;: <:ontl<:t between A and 8 IItl'llbers of
SOuv, quer1td where inferred .
StrH.e Ind dip of reli<: beds.
Strite Ind dip of in<:llned joint.
Strite of verUrll joint.
LO<:ltion of rod: outcrop Ire •.
LO<:ltlon of surface seep.
LO<:lt Ion of vertiCil <:orehole.
Locltion of Inclined <:orehole showing In<:llnatlon
and bearing.
Lo<:atlon of test pi t.
Lo<:atlon 01 seismic 11 ne.
Lo<:atlon of geologic se<:tlon.
1. See hhibH i... for gtOlogy of penstock Illgnllent Ind powerhouse.
2. See E)(hibit 2 for cross-section -A-A'-.
3. See Appendi)( 2-3 for logs of coreholes ,nd test pits.
4. Arels not shown IS outcrops or Qt Ire !fovered wHh slope wuh,
colluvium Ind vegetlt ion.
Ses/I 0 25 50 r •• f
LI~'~'-L'-L' ~I~I-LI_I~I~I
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
BLACK BEAR LAKE PROJECT
SITE GEOLOGY MAP
DAMSITE
lua A
17JO
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~ 1710
.~
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"rou"eI sur/tiC,
It SEIS,.,IC LINE NO. J
-~
Qt
1' .........
-~
Ground sur/tic.
___ P_ROJEC TED DAI'f cre.sr FL .172a F"_T..:.._3L-_______________________ _
LS· e Qc
LB-I
Proj Z$'05.
RB-2
~ 1690 --y-?---... ~
Hole elrS'
16 TO SOuv
Ifi50
L'·3 v"fi,.1
0
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Q
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60 rD. 46ft.
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY-MARCH,'.'
-+-SOuv
LB-z L~· I
be/. 'fS· / Suring 207' Inc! 60'/lJelmirg OZ7'
10·' 10.1 10·'0 .0 100"/.
r. D. SO ft. if (""Isee.) CR.I/I.p.D.
roo soH
IrS-I
JIIc/. 45'/8e4r/ng 107'
10.3 10·S 10·'0
K (CmI5~c.)
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c·~.1 "q.D.
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10 20 30 F .. ,
1750
1730
1670
1650
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Q
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QUATERNARY
EXHIBIT 3
EXPLANATION
STRATIGRAPHY
..!~: Angular blocks and boulders of andesite.
COLLUVIUM. SLOPE WASH, TOPSOIL: Silty clay to clayey silt; organic; some fragments
and boulders.
CRETACEOUS and JURASSIC
IGNEOUS INTRUSIVES: Diorite; medium-grained; light to medium gray; mottled locally;
"sal t and pepper"; hard; strong.
SILURIAN and ORDOVICIAN:
VOLCANICS and METAVOLCANICS: Undifferentiated andesitic lava flows~ high grade
regional metamorphic fabrics and mi!1erals~ microcrystalline to fine-grained~
gray to dark gray; with phenocryst; contains numerOus quartz veins; very
hard and strong.
METASEDIMENTS: Graywacke; highly metamorphosed; relic sedimentary fabric and
minerals; fine-grained; dense; hard.
_____ ? Contact; dashed where approximate; queried where inferred. I Drillhole showing drillhole number and prOjection if not on section line.
.. Groundwater level measured in dr;llhole.
NOTES:
1. See Exhibit ~ for section location.
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
BLACK BEAR LAKE PROJECT
GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTION A-A'
, 1
HARZA
Scale f
MARCH,1981 COMPANY -
100 F .. t 50 I I LI_'L~I~I~I~I~' __ '
POWERHO(/S;'
Contwr ,"terral
Su penstock ali9nment
geolo9!1 m<Jp
(I/us shut)
100 SC8/~ f.-.LI ...J...I _~I_I 1
\
! !
\
200 F •• t
! I
ALIGNMENT PENSTOCK. ferVIJI 10' Contour In
EXHIBIT 4
EXPLANATI ON
STRATIGRAPHV
.ostly htban'lluhr •
. Ingwhr t~"Ches to J feet. Gravel Ind boulderS;ze fro. 3
diorite; pHticle s . few fhlS; In'llwllr to
s •• ll grlvel.
Sind and sand 15 COIrU. $ubrounded i
, JU.ASSIC. ".ht t. '."" C'ElAC~US .. -..... uo •• ,,',,';
---NTRIl'SIVES: Dl0r,l.t:~11.Y. hlrdi strong. Ij(iIJ ,.O,OUS I o.ttl., ~ gr.,;
OVIC.IAN, , ..... , ", ,,,. ILURIAN .. , ORD . U ... tt.,uU". h', to.""
S lAVO"AOICS. , ... , .U ... ,. .,
ISOuvIVOlCANlCS ~;:O:'otth h"h,:::::,:::", •• ;.t":::::::: ' on' 0"."", " otth .h ••• ",. " st, •••. grly to dark gr. ;1"'; very htrd In
US .U"" , ,,,' .",. nu.ero Microcrystilltne, ~ ANDESITE: ~ I"I"GLOMERATE
[IJ FLO" ,R"C ••• 'ph.se'; .. ", ~d O.,A"OIM,015. to."" ".,. " ••• , ••• "U" . .",0"'" h'.h', :::. " ••.• ", .. , . ~ "" ••• t", " •.• ", .. , on
Mudstone to t:O:hCk; hlrd; strong. light gray
inferred. tried where
t approxl .. ate, qw de .... bers of Con tiC • ontlct between A In lith010~::i:d wh.re Inferred.
SOuv, q of reI Ie beds. St:". on'''p 1,,"ne' J."t. 5trl te and dl p of
1 jot nt. Strike of vertiCI p Irel.
LOCltion of rock outcro
Loclti~n of surflce seep.
vertiCil corehole. inclination
LocHlon of inc11ned corehole show1ng Locltlon of
Ind buring.
t pi t. LOCltion of tes line.
LOCltion of seh.ic
of the dl. sl teo NOTES: 2 ,., ' •• '.gy te" pit , •••.
I. S •• ',h";t --;:, o.,.h.,. on' . " ...
2. S .. A .... ';, , .,t"." :' : ••• "u •• ,
hown IS roc covered y J. ArtiS not s IlluYiulII :r~lope WISh. ~~p!~:~~ ~~lluYium In
WER AUTHORITY
ALASKA PO LAKE PROJECT
BLACK BEAR GY MAP
SITE GEOL~LlGNMENT
PENSTOpCO:ERHOUSE AND
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... OMIt ...
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O':ogenic belts and major fault IY'teml in Alaska.
Princt William Sound EarlhquaAt 0/1964
I • 4
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-
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-
-
---,-
.-APPENDICES
-
-
...
-
-
--
,,-APPENDIX 1
,-
' ....
-
-
-
,-
-
,-,--
-
-
-
-
.~ -
-
---------'.~-----------------
SEISMIC REFRACTION SURVEY
Near Black Bear Lake, Prince of Wales Island
Southeastern Alaska
August-September, 1980
Introduction
During August and September of 1980, C.C. Hawley and Associates conducted a
seismic refraction survey for CHZM Hill and Harza Engineering near Black
Bear Lake, Prince of Wales ~sland, Southeastern Alaska. Several short lines
were run to determine depth of overburden at the dam and powerhouse sites.
Rob Retherford, assisted by Kristine Reamer, Sigrid Brudie, and Clancy Frey,
conducted the survey using a Bison l570-C signal enhancemerit seismograph.
A twelve pound hammer was used to produce the signal. A total of 1250 feet
of line were run in about 2 ~ days of field work. Completion of the work
was delayed for several reasons including a short circuit in one of the
transitors due to moisture entering the bottom of the case. Lines were
always run so that they overlapped and reverse readings were taken so that
data was tested for repeatability.
Left Abutment of the Damsite
On the left abutment of the proposed damsite, two lines were run (see
Exhibit 2) where rubble and talus covered bedrock. As cross sections D-D'
and E-E' show, the overburden ranged from a few feet up to 40 feet in depth.
Velocities of the overburden ranged from 1200 ft/sec in peat and loose
debris to 4500 ft/sec in well compacted (perhaps saturated) talus and rubble.
Velocities in the underlying bedrock were from 9,000 to 15,000 ft/sec.
The seismic data agrees well with the drill hole information with one excep-
tion. Leg A of Line E-E' gave a very "scattered" appearance when plotted
and was difficult to interpret. As can be seen from the data plot, the
calculated depths do not coincide with other information. "The deficiency
is not serious, however, as information from two drill holes and the inter-
secting line D-D' cover the same area. All information indicates that the
bedrock surface falls away from the stream into a low (10-12' deep) channel
before it rises up the valley wall. Leg B of Line E-E' indicates that
there is 21 to 23 feet of talus cover on the slope at the left end of the
dam axis. This is not in any substantial disagreement with drill hole LB3
(34 feet to bedrock) as the seismic waves are refracted at right angles to
the surface. In addition, the refractive layer varies substantially in its
apparent density. This may be explained by heavy rubble lying at or close
to the bedrock interface. The rubble seen on the surface probably carries
down through the overburden and in some cases may act as low velocity
extensions of the bedrock surface. Line D-D' indicates that overburden
increases in depth substantially about 50' downstream of the proposed dam
axis. A spillway in this area would have to take this into account.
The Powerhouse Site
Seismic data near the proposed powerhouse site indicate depths to bedrock
range from 24 to 50 feet. While test hole PHI did not encounter bedrock at
a total depth of 34', seismic information indicates a strong velocity
contrast occurs near 30 feet. The quality and redundancy of the seismic
information are good~ so it is probable that PHI was at or very near bedrock
when it was terminated. Line A-A' indicates that bedrock comes to within
24 feet of the surface at the western extension (Station 3+50) of the line.
Crossing lines B-B' and C-C' indicate that alluvial cover deepens on their
southern ends where they are closer to the valley bottom. Velocities in the
overburden ranged from 1300 to 2300 ft/sec which would be typical of pervious~
uncompacted, well drained sandy gravels. Velocity of the refractive layer
ranged from 9,000 to 15,000 ft/sec. A small channel in bedrock is indicated
at the western end of A-A', immediately below the course of a small present-
day stream.
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APPENDIX 2 -
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
form S8-2
lOG OF TEST PIT. TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT BLA~K f)C1\r LAV-£
Sheet..!.ofJ..
Date~O
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Location Vf.S-go M. A,)( 'I !. RiSU to .,1< Elevation of Bottom Date Started ___ ~Z-lr71'~1-t:1I~",,=;,O ______ _
C dl t N G nd t EI tl P,:.t ri"~J ~lfl Wll.=t~y-0 t Cit d iI~-g-.., oor no II: ro,", wa er .va on ae ompe e
E Approximate Dlmenalon. ~S)< ~ l:. _-3 -rd.' Loooed by n:1\ ~rev
Blow T"e
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form 56-2
~t, T P. *2 2FFl' I~N, ,
Location J~ Os:!~" AI!. ~ ~ t Coordinate.: N
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PROJECT B LAC::: " B ff\ K LA Kc
Ground Elevation Method of Excavation Ha."c\ BC&~ ~ 711<:;180 Elevation of Bottom Date Started
Groundwater Elevation ~ 7.~ -Date Completed 7"11':/1110
Approximate olmenllon. 4 .,ctS:--S;S£f. Logged by fY 'A ,f:r~\'1
Field Sketch of Te.t Pit J
Field Clalllfication and otlcrlp.. of "aterlal Excavation
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Form S6-2
I } I J I j I J I } I j -I j 1
LOG OF TEST PIT. TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT BLAC( gejf: Lfc t"~
Shlet~ofL
Date1l/J.l.lt!L0
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Location (),~ t~.<;.:f t,(' t liege sta.(Ok>oElevatlon of Bottom Date Started_--..-.4J?I;'-i':,""o'7""'<!~·Oo,,---------
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E A I at. Dlmen I • ix"3)( ,S.fw L db () p.. ,_ ... ,' pproxm • on 000· y . I ,
Blow Typ. g Count of ... Field Sketch of Te.t Pit
il ; or iiJ Field Cla •• lflcatlon and D .. crlptloft of Material II' Sampl. Excavation > Sampl. E E • Tak.n II' ~ iii Weight Cl)Z
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form 58-2
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No ~tl
Location E~~s;-=: = -
Coordlnat .. : N
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Blow Type
i Count of
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PROJECT E> l A-C-\C F; ~ e L A-K E .
""n", rf Ground Elevation Method of Excavation S1(l. 12.", 00 Elevation of Bottom Date Started r7Z()780
Groundwater Elevation ~~ Date Completed '110/£10
Approlilmote Dlmenllonl ~:£ t!J ri, Logg_d by ('1,1).. . I='r "v
J
Field Sketch of Tilt Pit p-
Field Clalllflcotion and Delerlptlon of Material Excavation
0-1.5: I-l u '" "s / "f', _~c iLIA t"'~;"'1 :::rs: ro<l-f~) ro -\:+.Q \1..)000.
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
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11 a J' j lit l' i IJ I
LOG OF TEST PIT, TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT \3l 1\ (r g f"j\ ~ l 1\ r r
,
Ground Elevation Method of Excavation l\t)}, (~ ~~~s~!k iii'
Locotlon 510.. . ~ ±~U.2 Elevation of Bottom Dote Started f{/?l'I/R fI
Coordlnat .. : N Groundwater Elevation /Jr.':£.. Dote Completed ~ 1.'0/(\(')
E Approximate Olmen.lon. .3~.3x/ LOQQ_d by D·,A . .r'~'1
Blow T"e g Count of ... Field Sketch of Te.t Pit
i~ :;: or AI FI.,d Clallif/cation and Oeacrlptlon of Material a Sample Excavation :. Samp'e E E • Tollen a :I iAi Weight Cl)Z
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HARZ A ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form S6-2
Trench or HO~ No. ~ e
Location oIl.N' oS :t '" S:t""
Coordinate.: N
E
Blow Type g Count of .c ;: or 0 Sample .. ~ Sample D-• • Taken 0 i&i Weight
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LOG OF TEST PIT. TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE Sheet I of ,
Dote 8,{1 ~T!i6
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PROJECT g I 1\ r r. is FA f I A K r-
Ground Elevation
Elevation of Bottom
Groundwater Elevation li~
Approximate Dlmen.lon. l.fi t. s XJ.$'
Field Clalllfication and DelCrlptloft of Material
O-O.S t-tUMO~! O'a.t\\C.~-kv""aJ
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Method of Excavation Unl""f
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Date Completed 7"12A1 Ito
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Form S6-2
Trench or ~e No. . 'A~!: Location _Qt:.:ls:.-+QC \::.
TP~
Coordinate.: N
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810w TJp,
i Count of ; ~ G or Sample .. :. Sampl. a. • Taken • 0 ii; W.loht
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LOG OF TEST PIT, TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT BLAc t sQ\.r LA KC
Ground Elevation Method of Excavation
22.~o Elevation of Bottom Date Started
Groundwater Elevation Date Completed
Approximate Dim en,lon, Z. ~ z:i..l_~ LoOO.d by
HtlltAd
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Da t.lJI.llI.1ia
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Excavation
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Sampl. Hammer: Weight Drop,
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t4ARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form S6-2
Trench or Hole No. T. fI
Location Le.£.t. &Q1tJK. /),~
Coordinate.: N
E
Blow T"e
LOG OF TEST PIT. TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT I5lACI; Saft? LAg'!="
i SheetJ,o!~_ :
Do te .:tJIll-I.4tl I
I
I
I
I
\
Ground Elevation Method of Excavation Hallfl.
£e.l'/JWAf-Elevation of Bottom Dote Started 7./lo/£tlO ) 7'/n 1110 Groundwater Elevation Dote Completed
Approximate Olmen.'on. S.xZ.S ~ l,s-l 0 Laoo_d by 12'A t:-~'J ,
g Count of .!!~ Field Sketch of Tilt Pit or Tilt Trench .: Field Clalllfication and Ollcrlptlan of Material .I: or -a Sample Do.G
Do ~ Sample E E • Token a :I 0 iii Weight Cl)Z
6).-",7 f{~\IS /0'j4Mic ~-{-.r:ct.\ ,-I---
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j./-I.f Gro..\l"t.lly f:. dfl cJd..y fVl~tt(ed ,; Y J
~p\~ f:tls ~ ....... ~ I If I-
br ,,) ye((cUJ
j
red b~, BO\J\d.Q.V'S 73 r, ~ 7. 1/ A /
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~ vOIM iD ( u ~ + u I t-t -t, 50 l\ I'~. . ....., I--'/~ -~l~-+ Lo.NhPY w iAev-bYo~~ MJ+ ~Ht Il Ii ,..-..,
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
l , .-----, I I J
LOG OF TEST PIT, TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT $1 A (/: J, f7t R I A K r
I j , j I j
Sheet¢¥i< Dote 0
Trench or Hole No. ~----,:7~P_-tf...,...-Cf:.......----:,..-,----:-_-....,._ Ground Elevation ____________ Method of Excovatlon_~HcJ..:a~Jj.~d:....... _____ _
Location i. B D~ il1 Ax;& ~Ls by /£' Elevation of Bottom Dote Storted ___ --"-7*:72.:...2,Oh"tR~"""o:.......------
Coordinates: N Groundwater Elevation Dote Completed __ -----Jt;~Z-=Z-..!.cl~~,..!.9!..:()~------
E Approximate DImensions 3.s ;(2,5" X /,5-2 S LoOOe-d by jLA:r-;~;t
~ -Q. • o
r-
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-
2. -
g
:;:
g
> • jjj
Blow
Count
or
Sample
Weight
Type
of
Sample
Token
. ~ 'ii.1l
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g ::s
0Z
2.5 t------t----t----+------t
l-
t-
-
-
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Remarks:
Field Clalllfication and Descrlptton of Material
).5-+02,0-(-a Po-f-f~ k~e \$culdev-s
cl Il. ~ {h. ~ vn,((.Lllcr € ~ + I ~
Y\\JyH}ed b(\l~ I \ y-e~1 b<QW"''' ~l~f
cf e ve( c,f cd fQj)~ -f ~. \="~ UJ t"'~{ ~ t-
c\Cl-~+~ o.G cl...-e~-+ ~ c.kt, \1;ef
t-o <?,CAfu.rc:-t-e.&) ~f.plCt~f.C(t7
Field Sketch of Test Pit or Test Trench
Excavation
---~-+-~-+-+-~-~-~-+-+-~-+-+-+~.-+~
-.... -----.--.
t--I---il--i--t----t----t------.. ----... . ....
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Sample Hammer: Weight Drop.
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
LOG OF TEST PIT, TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT BL;\ C Y f)t~ R-LA t E::
Sheet...f9f.:4-~
Date~O
Trench or Hole No. [,p 10 Ground Elevation
Location L (?,. Z. (') I fL}S. AX IS Elevation of Bottom I ~~~)( Coordinates: N Groundwater Elevation
E Approximate Dimensions ,. $"'
Blow Type e: Count 0 of . ~
.I:. ;: or 'ii.: Field Clalllflcation and Description of Material 0 Sample -> Sample EE A. • • Taken o ~
0 jjj Weight cnz
0-(5 HUMUS! C)'4M~C r1Aa.£ev-;a.(.
r fi\-eJ!. ~o J1~ D lI"O VoN'-V I \).Ie +
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(\0..( U 1/"0_ r p~CJ ( \-\~M.\JS. \ h, \ \"
, , I , 1 ! I r 1 f I f I , . f , f 1 I J
Method of Excavation HOl-1d
Date Started 7/?I/lJ{)
2/ziJ8(J Date Completed
Logged by l II . fr (-\/
Field Sketch of Test Pit or Test Trench
l.~
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Excavation
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
LOG OF TEST PIT, TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT f:;'1 /1'( r g FA f 1;1 t r
--~_ P -=If II ~!, I Trench or Hole Nf~ . Ground Elevation Method of Excavation n~'~/Y
Location Up L.~ + Bo..M. E Elevation of Bottom Date Started=! !f:.5!
Coordlnat .. : N ______________ Groundwater Elevallon-_-:~::::!Dt':C:~'f.::--:--r--=-=----Date Completed 'l,-1,7
EAt 01 I "?x 2)( 0 7 L d b D J1 r 1-(" , pprox ma e mens ons I ogg. y • C. 1
Blow Type e: Count Field Sketch of Test Pit Test 0 of . "-or ;: a.,z .c or FIeld Cla .. lflcatlon and Description of Material CJ Sample Excavallon -> Sample E E a. • • Taken CJ :2
0 iii Weight cnz
0-0.7 NUM~S/, Or~~lc ).-\_. _ llJ.' --~ '-.J~
--, . ---.... f"
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Remarks:
Sample Hammer: Weight
Sh .. t~f I
Date J7?C90 ,
Trench
------
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Drop.
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
LOG OF TEST PIT, TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT I$t I1r K 1$ ?A ~ / ~) .r r
Sheet.t. of.4"
Da te .lJ/lz,Clt)
Trench or Hol~~o. -,._0.....,....-~·....:?:...=_:tt..,...:...lz_. ______ Ground Elevation -------------
Location !l.J,S L ~ g~ t Elevation of Bottom --......,.........."...---,.,....-.,..--......"...-....--
Coordlnatea' N Groundwater Elevotlon ("). 2.. Re I oW ~u;'f't'U.(!>
E ______________ Approximate Dimensions e. s:.x. /,5 x Z.
Blow Type g Count of -... ~ :;: or ---0 Sample Sample o,.a
0, :> E E --Taken o ::J
0 iii Weight 02
Field Clas.lflcatlon and Descrlptlon of Material
" (t-
t-
2.01----+---+---+-----1
t-
f-
Method of Excavotlon __ ~!.!.~~!.f.d.L...L.., _____ _
Dote Started ____ -"2L,F=~,...:;8~O~---__ _
Date Completed ___ I-:IrJ.~'+t'-::::'"''''::O ______ _
LoggfJd by j), A. r: r~ '-/
Field Sketch of Te.t Pit or Test Trench
Excavation
f-I-+---t-+-+-+--t---t----1-----'---1------.-{---l----l-~~
I--
t--~-+--1f--I-~-+--+-+----t---1--'-----~----J.----J.--II--.I
t-
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Remarks:
Sample Hommer: Welaht Drop , 1 , I r , I f I f , f t r 1 I , I J J I , f I
1 l
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
Trench or HO~NO. ~ P 13
Location _ l.Ue!:: llc. {~ +' /l;t.~J.
Coordinates: N
E
Blow Type e:. Count 0 of •• ;: .c:. " or Sample a.o "Ii > Sampl. E E • • Taken " :. 0 jjj Weight u)z
I-
I -
-
2-I-
2,S
-
-
-
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-
f-
Remarks:
l .1 1-'
lOG OF TEST PIT, TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE
PROJECT bLACK Pele LJfkF
Sheet.../..pf.L
Date JJ,Laal.O
Ground Elevation 2l.8,60 Method of Excavation Haud
sta.e e Elevation of Bottom Z,7t6,,1 Date Started 7/~;/80
Groundwater Elevation J.)r1-: Date Completed flu/fra
Approximate Dimensions .3i!3~2,~ Logg_d by '/J. Ii. f' f" -e'l
Field Sketch of Test Pit or Test Trench
Field Classlflcatlan and Description of Material Excavation
o -o.? !lvt>t" s/ O')aM'~ .,4, "<,,,..,:.1 r" r " -~;..' i-. ,..' -~ .. .. ~ f--f---,--, -~ .. -. ' ~ -~-'\.. .... "'. ,
!?of/ed U/co "roorS (tbZ') I--~. ...... .-. i;:J --. "-, . ,. l )--:-c \::: -..-::::
0. 7-2.~ /.(>7/ 8otl~r.S (/02 J ::: iifJ"-J... (} .. <:) ~ ~~ ;l I---
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Sample Hammer: Weight DroD
HARZ A ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form S6-2
Trench or H~ No,. 7. ;::
Location ~~ Iftl u So e
Coordinates: N
E
Blow Type e Count 0 of
~ :;:: or CI Sample -:> Sample ~ • • Taken 0 iii Weight
I-
/ I-
I-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Remarks:
, f 1 I J I
/1
.... 0.1
E E
CI ::J (/)2
I I
LOG OF TEST PIT, TEST TRENCH OR AUGER HOLE Sheet.L:Jf I
Date ~o PROJECT /5lAcK' ~rAe /IIJ"F-
Ground Elevation 2G~ Method of Excavation 1101/,,/
Elevation of Bottom Dote Started 7/?llrto
Groundwater Elevation Z~-1 Date Completed '7/3) I {if)
Approximate Dimensions 3')( :s )( ~ Logg8'd by f), jJ, rr ("/
Field Sketch of Te.t Pit or Te.t Trench
Field Cla •• lflcatlon and De.crlptlon of Material Excavation
111.1 (1/ v s ! CJ 'i aM (C /40. f:e y l"ev/ ~ ::::::... ~ ----
C)-OJf --.-r---I--
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APPENDIX 3
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY GEOLOGIC LOG
Form SG-2
September 1978 PROJECT ____ fl.~I1(L __ .B.E!rK ___ l._IjK£. ___ _
Sheet No. _1~$.
Date -:8/-'i7.fp--
Hole No •• ____ fa.:/j:-..l_______________ Angle (from Horizontal) _______ 6.O'~~________ Ground Elevation -_:f.ll~_'!.7:_~ __________ _
F .. e nA£A ~'r. D ___ I· .. " ~2.i_!_ -···".;.,..",·---.... ock·-.,-I· .... • •• -_ ••.• --e."ur ___ KJJJ:J .. .("1~~ '~3".~.1L •. --.~ ..... _ ..... ...,.............. -.-~--------_______ -n ........ Ull •• -----_. ___ • ______________ _
Coordinl": r.~;~ _____ ~_________ Date Started ________ ',~t--Q------------. Overburden Thicknes. _____ "l_'-Q. ___________ _
E __ ;..~CJJ.Z1.---,::.--Dlte Complated ______ ,.~.{.Jj_q______________ Ground-Wlter Elevation __ 1.'e_~ __ 6,e.p-!pJ<'
Core Size • ...rAl<.~--~~-R..<tJJ.l"I:J.--Total Depth ____ • ____ ~~_..Q.: __ .___________ Logged by ___ R.:_~_._f!.~'i.-----.--------
Graphic
c_ Log
,S! ti ~ • -! = CL .. :. • ~ a .!!c 1 w-'f! .. i ::::J <
"
Cllssification Ind Physical Condition
~
~
~
\j
~
Remarks
(Semple Data, Wlter Level.,
Drilling Characteristics etc.)
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY GEOLOGIC LOG
Form 5G-2
September 1978 PROJECT ___ B1AhK __ B.flJf.. __ kht.f.. ________ _
Hole NO •• _:"')_-t....8--:-~---------------Angle (from Horizontal) _____ J_e.: _________ Ground Eleyation ________________________ _
Feature __ ~~~ __ ~j!t_l~____________ EkNiring _______________ ~-~~~--------------R~ Eleyation ___________________________ _
Coordinates: N ______________________ Date Started ________ 1!J.. .! _~~____________ Overburden Thickneu ____ .2..LQ __________ Q
E ---Z--------------~--Date Completed ____ .&. .£ ~-Q-------_______ Ground-Water EleYation ~---------------Core SizesIf.L?S ___ .B..~ __ q\!J_"-l__ Total Depth _ .. ______ S~_9_________________ Logged by _________ IJ!:1La.':J. ___________ _
c_
.2 oS 1ii Q. :. ..,
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Graphic
Log
CI :s
Q. • aa.ification and Physical Condition ..
0
I •
II:
cJ
t'.
u t'. Remarks .., C (Sample Date. Water Leyels. II: 0 e II: Drilling Characteristics etc.) <3
20 ~--__ --+_~~~~----------__ --------__ ----------__ ----~--~+_~~------------------~
z1
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY GEOLOGIC LOG
Form SG-2
September 1978 PROJECT ____ 8.t_f'I£K __ 8_m..~ __ L!lt.£. _______ _
Sheet No. 3~J:._
Date ---9I!ll~
Hole No •• ___ i_L_~~_-:!. ______________ Angle (from Horizontal) _______ ~Q_~________ Ground Eleyation ________________________ _
Feature __ P.!i.l!! __ &_iA ___________ Bearing .--------------O~-2Fh7-0---------------Rock Eleyation • __________________________ _
Coordinates: N ______________________ Date Started ________ E. ,l-'L-----------Overburden Thick .... 1 _____ ...? .. _9. ____ j(' ___ _
E -----Z-------------t--Date Completed _____ {i. _~ 9...Q_____________ Ground-Water Eleyation ~_~,-9.. __ tt.~e.r:ox
Core Sizes ..IL:}~ ___ J3..Q_~_4.!li"J __ Total Depth __________ ~_O_______________ Logged by __________ f)."OJ.. __ .r..~_Y-______ _
Graphic
Log
Claaification and Physical Condition
u i~
•• d ~ .. o a: C o I ! a:
Ii 8 cJ
Remarks
(Sample Data, Water Leyell,
Drilling Characteristics etc.)
01130
O~oo
N'~O
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I, ~:::-
Harza Engineering Company
Form SG-Is
Sheet I of
Da te ftlt';:ro-=
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
PROJECT IS L ACt BfA R LAte
Hole No. L R-!
Location DAM PrAtS
Coordinates' N
Angle (from Vertical) .s c)
()
Ground Elevation ------
------
Bearing 02 ~
Date started 8/}pO
Date completed -E
Rock Elevation ______ _
Water depth during test~~_
Dft: Fr.f{\/ /'{:-:..e. Logged by
Depth ~
.j..J
44..-t Q) o III Q)
~ 44 Test ;:: .... ~ .j..J~"O No. From To 0'.j..J Q)
C::C::.j..J
..ift . Q) H en ..:I Q) m. E-<
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Meter en III ~
en~ "0 c:: Rate' o en ..:I ,.. Q) 'M ·N
• Q) en e of 'M e
,...j..J.j..J o..~ Q) t.i
Start EnG. Q) 44 'M III Q) Loss 0'1 en ,
.j..J '..-t ..-t e III 0'1
1Il::l 1 r.l 'M (gpm) to? ~ ~I 3: U
1
E-<
Pressure
c:: c::
e 0
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,....-t
Net Q) 'M
0....0
(psi) --units
I 3.' fl,t{ r;.<6 811,1j 8#.1 (!) 1 I 0, f 6.0 f;S;--
84,/ aQl2. eJ.1 I 0.1 6.0 II 0.\ 7.~ 3SXIO-S
f34c. R~.' o.~ , O.S' 12.0
&'1 ~S,C tt,S I OS 12..0
85'.'-a".o 0/( , o,q 'l~O
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~'.5 A'S 0 ~ 0,0 t; .0 I, 0·0 7.'!{ 0,0
do-12,2. 25,0 1t).K 9.:3. / 9.3,~ tJ.~ ) 0· .<j /...() S.l, n,~ Iz.{,x (0-..5
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32.3 ~'t X,lO',5 , ~ I
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" 0./
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....
-
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'" Depth to g!:'oundwate!:' ___ feet X 0.433= __ psi Gage + Column -Friction Loss=Net Pressure
* Column pressure = (depth to middle of tested interval or depth to groundwater, whichever is
smaller) X (0.433) -
Conversion factors: cu:ft.X 7.48=gallons
meters X 3.28=feet
2 .
kg/cm X l4.22=psi
liters X 0.264=gallons -
-..... ...
r3!=O
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-
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Harza Engineering Company
Form SG-Is
Sheet 2 of
Date~
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
PROJECT g U~ct BEA-E: L ·AX£
Hole No. L B-1
Location DAt'\ M-l$
Coordinates: N ------
E
~
'70° Angle (from Vertical)~....:::~=---_
Bearing ~2.7°
Date Started &4/80
Date Completed
.-t
Ground Elevation _____ _
Rock Elevation ------~
Water depth during test __ _
Logged by \)fr~'(
Depth +J Meter UI III ~ Pressure I 4-I.-t <IJ U1~ o III <IJ o UI '0 C Rate' III ><
~ 4-1 ...:I ~ <IJ • .-l ·N C C <IJ+J Test .c .... -• <IJ UI e of • .-l e 0 e . .-l +J~'O ~ +J +J 0.-<IJ U e '.-l ~.-t
From To Start End <IJ 4-1 • .-l III <IJ 01U1 ........ ~ ::l ~ +J Net <IJ • .-l No. tT +J <IJ Loss III • 01 + .-t I u 0....0 cc+J +J '.-t .-t e -0 -.Aft. <IJ H (/) 1Il::l , ~ • .-l (gpm) t:) ~ ~, U • .-l (psi) ...:I <IJ 3 u, ~ 8 ... r... --m. 8 units -
~ 32.4 42.2 "'8 \2 .. 0 14.{; 2.6 I 2.' &..-0 I 'f.?>
I~b 17 c!L 2.-& I 2.~ a.O
} 7, t.j 2.a.o .2. ... s , 2...fo 6.0 (3 ~.q-Js.1{ :. 1·2..)(10 3)
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2 'IL.! 3f c;y ~ I ~.S-12 0 S. '2. lo<6 3,Qx lo-q ~t;
31.'1 3S8 3.S I 3,,s-12.Q 1~2,th3SA :;'4t:t t63 \ ~~ ~~,S ~~-q s,$ \ ss 2{} 0 ±.Ma~ ~.a 24,8 s.z.:x IO-q
~q.q sO,e{ SIS I StS-20.0
S'ftO S(., 'j 2.' I ~.q 12.0
Sl..q hC>. I 3.2-, 3.2-i< 0 CSJ.'f-~ ,4'-7~qx/( .'()
to. I ~3..3 3.2. , 3:t. 12.0 \ \ tr.~ .ZI,'2.. .r.SX.IO~ ~~
''f,o 6S.3 13 I }.3 &'.0 " ,
6s-.3 ~7.1 1.8 I It'K '.0 32.C{-3S. q=-~I [it()
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5 3s.lf 12.2 (.f: 7() .z. :;0,1.[ 0,'2.. 2-0,1 ~ 0 1~.7 62-2.o.r 1.G>Xlo..s , ~
71.5 72..s 1.0 I 1.0 1'2. 0
p()';.s ., ,:,.,. ':<
,
r l:' ,or '12,'£ nS 10 I 1.0 12. 0 It 2.1;,. 2 '1.1 j, 'f{ I 0 -q. i7
\ ' "<,;,, c. fI \. .'~ I.e 750 77.'1 2.t! I Z,~ 20,() ~' n
9 fC <: u-rc> . 77,0/ 7'1. G, Z.z.. l Z'Z... 20.0 f<'.~ Ft" YI,'t 2.2-I 2.'L 20,0 t, 3,'f .3 I. ') 2,I(X I O-4fc.
~2~ ?3.4 1.0 , /.0 1'2....0 ;{-83.4 71./,£/ I. t'l , 1,0 1'2...0 II ;1.6 21{, I I}.'{X 10·'" 0
'[lfs ~u,t 02. z o.'/J '-.a " O.L ?oS IU.AIO-S c< ~
~,
b 1.f7.2 ~,"() 7.'6 ~.,s-q /,f .3.3 1 3.3. t2.,Q LS.o
~ '1'1. 'I 3...b I L6 12.. 0 ~ ~q,q 97.D 2,t. I 2,' tl,a \ \ ~ .. 3 22.7 13.4xl!:)-Cf
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il,S" 13.'t 2, '-I I l,l( 1'2..
Depth to g=oundwate=._'fe"'et X '6>:433= l.S' si I 2c~ e + 'Column -Friction Loss=Net Pressure· p g •
* Column pressure = (depth to middle of t~sted interval or depth to groundwater, whichever is
smaller) X (0.433)
-Conversion factors: cu,ft.X 7.48=gallons ~g/cm2 X l4.22=psi
meters X 3.28=feet . liters X O.264=gallons
-
---------------------------_. __ ...... -................. .
Harza Engineering Company
Form SG-Is
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
PROJECT ELAcK L3E!tf!. LAKE
Sheet £5 of 3
Date -az.sE ,
Hole No. ______ L~,~B __ -~J ______ _ 0 '" Angle (from Vertical) __ ~ __ _ Ground Elevation _________ _
Location DA'M 8'J..tS Bearing Rock Elevation
-
-
Coordinates: N Date Started 8/4/"lD. Water depth during test r , , I
E Date Completed B!~/8D Logged by 127A, ~r-e1---rl .
Depth +J Meter en III -Pressure I 4-1 rl Q) en~ '0 c Rate· III >-o III Q) o en
... 4-1 ..:l ~ Q) • .-1 ·N C C Q) +J
Test ..s: .... ~ • Q) en e of .,-i e e 0 e . .-1
+J~'O ~+J+J o..~ Q) • ti • .-1 ~.-l
No. From To 0" B Q) Start Ene. Q) 4-1 • .-1 III Q) Loss 0'> en , -:::l -+J Net Q) • .-1 " III • 0'> + rl I U c...Q cc+J +J 'rl .-l e ~ 0 ~
1 ft . Q) H en 1Il:::l I W . .-1
(j ~'~I U • .-1 (psi) ..:l Q) :3 u
1
(gpm) ~ E-< ... r... --m. E-< units
~ LfZ,Z so. 0 7. 'j 13.9 ".if 2. ,$"" I 2.S-/2 ,.; 1.2-21.:t 3.2 X to-C( rt~
-
-
7 £(1.2. 35,0 S,~ 2,~ 0 23~q O,'l' , a9 I~ 15 '·1 27.'S ,,3X()4 ~t
23Ff Z~.b (),7 , C.7 /Lf
GUll '40' Ztt,G 2£.1 07 / 0,7 19 -2~ . .3 27,' Id. J Id, .2'2...
27.9 29.3 JJ{ I I.~ ZL ~ 2~ • .3 30.7 /, If I J,9 ~L \ , 2.< g!l." I. ~X.! o-'{ C
...
32.0 3~' 2' J ~., 30
3'/.' 37,2 2 , I ;>. , 30 'l c"S 38S 2~XIr5'1 ~
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'1'1. 2. ttS, I o,~ , O,~ /0/
~/( ~,.r 1.6 ( '.hJ) d it q{" I if? I 1.0 I .hO fCI \ \ {,5 Z}, 2. I['fxlo -Lf a.
-...
-
-
Depth to g~oundwate~ ___ feet X 0.433= __ psi Gage + Column -Friction Loss=Net Pressure ..
* Column pressure = (depth to middle of tested interval or depth to groundwater, whichever is
smaller) X (0.433) --
Conversion factors: cu:ft.X 7.48=gallons kg/cm 2 X l4.22=psi
meters X 3.28=feet liters X 0.264=gallons
.. ,
-
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY GEOLOGIC LOG
Form SG-2
September 1978 PROJECT __ .BLA(f.. __ l3:E.It.Ca __ t_fj!:£. _________ _
Sheet N~J _llJ.._
Date -B/.k712Q-
Hole No. ___ .1-.13:2..________________ Angle (from Horizontal) _____ :tL _________ _
Feature __ .D'±l:1 __ .A:J._'-~ _________ • Bearing _____________ ~~p..J.-~------------
Coordinates: N ____ !.._/{_t.~f)_~_____ Date Started -------fP%5!~-~-Q-------------
E ___ ~_1.9"l$..2 __ (---Date Completed ____ .7/:1..9. ____________ _
Core Sizes .lA2L_LB.G __ ~!fVlJ,L)---Total Depth ________ __"g_: ______________ _
c_
.2 i!i 1; CI.
~ u '!!Q
w -
Graphic
Log
Claaification and Physical Condition
+~·-.. ---l
I. ' j----! t-~T ,.,-._ ....... _.-~ ___ ....... ..;..~_A-..
Ground Elevation __ !_L?9.!-_r __________ _
Rock Elevation ___________________________ _
Overburden Thickness ____ ..;i!~ __ ~_~t ____ _
G d W EI . 2 9 () I Jlf.n )YCl)<. roun -ater evatlon _____ Lt. _____ i?-t __ _
~by _______ L}~Jtl~_t:~~_~------------
~
0
Cl .......
~
~
"'-
C\\?
C>: ~
~
~
Remarks
(Sample Data, Watar Levell,
Drilling Characteristics etc.)
-Note':-;, ;
Subseqlierit; petro~ ~:
(p~a.p.hJc ~apa!ys i.~;_ ~as
reSttlted ;ifu€:hanq€s,
in .~ro·ck· aeScr i pH6ns.
~~]~wwrij~·"~t~ .
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
September 1978
GEOLOGIC LOG
Hole No •• _b,B.~~_1: ___________________ Angle (from Horizontal) _____ rz.~___________ Ground Elevation ________________________ _
Feature __ ~.tI!'-__ .J.\~s.______________ Bearing .---------~f_A--;,,------------------Rock Elevation .---------------------. ------Coordinates: N _________________ . _____ Date Started _. ____ 8.~fjJ, .cJ ______ .________ Overburden Thickn ... ____ ~;i __ ~~t. _____ _
E _______ : ______ ~-\----Date Completed ____ /7.. ~r--------------Ground-Water Elevation ___ ?."t_r.) __ kR.!p.~
Core Size • ..I_~_CilQ._~~\.'lJJ____ Total Depth ________ _ _,,0_________________ Logged by ______ jJJ.LFf..!;t ____________ _
c_
.2 iii li: CL
1c! w-
Graphic
Log
Clauification and Phylical Condition
.!! ~
'i ." I! ¥ ...
c" a: Q o I ! a: a: c3 cJ
Rernarkl
(Sample Data. Water Level ••
Drilling CharacteriltiCi etc.)
-
-
-
-
-
-
... -
-
-
-
"', -.....
-
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY GEOLOGIC LOG
Form SG-2
September 1978 PROJECT ___ .BL/iCt. __ B_e.r/? __ L6K../E _______ _
Sheet No. _~~;;;.
Date _S./.:zje.9___~:
Hole No. __ kJf:J:2 ___________________ Angle (from Horizontal) ______ $._: ________ _
Feature __ ~_:lt)Si~_. ____________ Bearing -------------~~~OO-o ---------------
Coordinates: N ______________________ Date Started ---------1JJ~ 89.. ___________ _
E ---.CE;----------~---Date Completed -------~f2 ~g--------------Core Sizel .!f.l'l:.---~--:f..tJJy~;---Total Depth ___ • ______________ • __ • _________ _
Ground Elevation ________________________ _
Rock Elevation _______________ -------------
Overburden Thickn.1 _____ ,£$: __ ~~:t ____ _
Ground-Water Elevation _________________ _
Logged by ________ ..a!.d"fr.~¥ •. ---------
Graphic
Log
u ~ I cS ~ Remarks l! • c (Semple Data. Water Levell. c:1 a:: 0 I. e a:: Drilling CharactariltiCi etc.) a:: 8 cJ
Claaification and PhYlical Condition
Harza Engineering Company
Porm SG-Is
<~
~-...
Sheet~of . 2-_.
Date 8/'/8 0 I
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
PROJECT BLAtr B£1\R LAKE
-
Hole No. L. 8-2.
Location r::a f'h. Ih. ~
Coordinates: N _____ _
E _____ _
Angle (from Vertical) ~ 5
Bearing 20~O
Date Started 8]/80 • I
Date Completed
-Ground Elevation ------
Rock Elevation ______ _
Water depth during test __ _
Logged by DA, fr~'/
Pressure
Rate'~----~-----r----~~----i -of
Loss
I~:oo 2-/7,0 27,8 (0 g 47,8 ~J, 8 0,0 Z OLc1 /Z-
Net
(psi)
units
-
/1: I S" f-----+--+----f---.... £~7.:.J....-9+-~"T8 .. ~0~...Jt:J"""' . .f"'__f___1(-~O:..l../___I--=ZO~_+-'-( _t----:l~ . .;...? --11--"..::.," -,-"_r +---r-7.I. .... ~a.o ~11, os-a>.tJS / a.oS" 20 Lt 0, 12.'.R tit /0" Co 7SPc.
~FJ.I '18,2. tJ./) l. (!) o~ Z8 II D. ( ~I, a 3)1.1C)-' C7i--
l/J1./ 'IB ,2... 0,0 1 0 0 ,'-\, (') 0.0
3 27.2-3£0 7'1
1 32.'L 35.0 Z,'t
GW l t 3 \'0
3).0
55."
79.0
7"f,L
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10.Q ql.~ 0 7 \ 0.7 z.o
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9'1. 0 3!/,J5' o"s I o,,~ I 'Z..
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L...-__ ..I....-_---" __ ---L __ ....L-___ ....L.. _____ L...-_---L_---JL-_.....L ____ ---JI..-___ ..I....-____ ....I... ___ ---L _____ ....J ....
Depth to g~oundwate~ ___ feet X 0.433= __ psi Gage + Column -Friction Loss=Net Pressure
* Column pressure = (depth to middle of tested interval or depth to groundwater, whichever is ..
smaller) X (0.433)
Conversion factors: 2 . cu,ft.X 7.48=gallons kg/cm X l4.22=ps~
meters X 3.28=feet liters X 0.264=gallons -.,.
-...
.-
... --
-
.-
--
-
----
--
Harza Engineering Company
Form SG-Is
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
PROJECTEL:Act EEltf LAf(E
Sheet 2. of Z-
Date 8/ljiO
Llr" Angle (from Vertical) _-1.I-,,~,,--_ Ground Elevation ____________ _ Hole No. L,8-Z
Location Da"" &is B · 207 0
ear~ng ______ A_~~.r ____ __
Date Started ~~/~o
Rock Elevation --------------:
Coordinates' N .
E Date Completed ' fi?'i7/BO Logged by D. A Fr-<"-I
Water depth during test
~ .-I Pressure Depth +J Meter Ul 10 ~
IH.-I Cll Ul~ I
o 10 Cll o Ul 'tl C Rate' 10 >.
... IH ....:l l-l Cll .,..; .N C Cll+J Test ..c:: .... -• Cll Ul E of ''''; E c 0 E .,..; -l-J~'tl l-l+J+J 0.-Cll • v E 'n l-l.-l
No. From To 0" -l-J Cll Start Ena Cll IH .,..; 10 Cll Loss 0"1 Ul ........ ~ ::l ~ +J Net Cll .,..;
10 '0"1 + .-I I U (l;.Q cc+J +J '.-1 .-t E -0 -pt. Cll H Ul 1O::l I tzl .,..; (gpm) " ~ ~I u 'n (psi) ....:l Cll 3 U
1
l-l E-< ...
""' --m. E-< units
5 3.$:0 Ifi/.r. 1, f' qs.s (".2. 0.,7 I 0,7 I"Z-LO.1 l. I 12.1,," 17.c,x (OS k
962-_9'.9 ()':l I (J7 L'2.
~(lIL ~ ~5 A"vro 97.' qa.c. 1.0 , /.0 2.0
9~.(;, crq,S O,q , O~Cf 2.0 ~~ '19,~ O{).~ ~.'I I I/"'~ 20 " 1.5 2'f.2 17,2.)( to'>
{)J.~ C>:3. ~ 2. 'I !l. /1 '-211 ~ O~.q o~,1 1.2 I I. ~ z..f' II /, q ~(,:'t 7,(" X (bY
b5;s C)&.3 &."6 ( 0:8 2.0 rf~ 0'.3 ()7. I O,~ I 0.8 :Lo 1. /.3 Z Cf • .q '.'I XIO"
S
~7.Z 07.~ 0,4 I O,~ 11-~ L07.'-08...0 O.tr \ of Lt t. 0."-22,1 'f. 2Xf oy
b ~Lf.Z 5V,o ..s,g /)Y.1-OB.?. o 0 ~ 0.0 1'2_ I D.7 2.. '2.. 7 0.0
(JR.4 O~4 ~.n Z ",0 ..Zc 30,7 0,0
GWl.(§: .! 3~' (j~.4 o~,# 0.0 Z-0.0 2li '2.'!.' 0.0 ~ 1~8S" 08.7 0.2. I I.'L ,(, 1, o.~ ~zJf ISXti,;)
0&,,7 08.7 0.0 ~ 0.0 /4-21.7 D. D
Depth to g:=-oundwate:=-___ feet X 0.433= __ psi Gage + Column -Friction Loss=Net Pressure
* Column pressure ~ (depth to middle of tested interval or depth to groundwater, whichever is
smaller) X (0.433)
Conversion factors: cu,ft.X 7.48=gallons
meters X 3.28=feet
2 kg/cm X l4.22=psi
liters X 0.264=gallons
0
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY GEOLOGIC LOG
Form SG-2
September 1978 PROJECT _____ ~l-.OCf_ _____ Kw.. ___ Lfs_'£ ______ _
Hole No •• _____ L_8-:.l._______________ Angle (from Horizontal) _______ J..9_~_________ Ground Elevation -__ J_L"l~~ __________ o_
-
Feature _{h&hf.-~i.~_L~-,-UY.!.!£.-----Bearing . _________________ ;;;-~--------------Rock Elevation . __________________________ _
Coordinates: N ----~-~JSLf..------Date Started ------------§.J.~T18P..-----------Overburden Thickn ... _____ :~_?~X:________ -
E ---~l!t~fJ--------Date Complatad ________ /JL21_fi_!___________ Ground-Water Eleva~on ___ J2t_'t ________ OD
Core Sizes ];fU-__ L~~-~;.u.~)----Total Depth __________ fl-'4_0 _______________ Logged by ______ i2 .. tL.f!_~¥.. ___________ . __
Graphic
c_ Log
,2 oS > u -! 1j; a-S' .. a-u i a "!Q "0 w-..c: ~ 'f! .. ..
:J 0 <C
Claaification and Physical Condition
N
Remarks
(Sample Data, Watar Level.,
Drilling CharacteristiCl etc.)
--; ,,-t-----, '--'--
llXJl/J=r:Wafa?t~~-,.
-:r~~t:Sfa ,ltrr;Ji,7J;1;
< ~.",,:. ,-_ ••• ,0 __ .. : .; '-~-"--'r""i --~ -~¥~-·-·.-·l·
". . '~--'--,"-'-'" -~-. -~--Nota: ...... :. _.-1_-,. ....
~ H"' __ ·f"Pm~""""--I ,_f?_~q1;l~.q __ pe" 1:0::-
~Jl:'aphic:-analts±st ha
r.esuite~i lin~~~ng~-~
tri-~rp~k_=desciJ.ptiiQJl'
as-:.sh~;On ;!h'~s!:1:.Q
-
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-
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.-
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32
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"-
-
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY GEOLOGIC LOG
Form SG-2
September 1918 PROJECT ___ ~_LIkt. ___ B_ag ___ "_~h_E":. ______ _
~ 0
Hole No. _b_\. .:-~---s;,--r------Angl~ (from Horizontal) ____ ::.::._:llt________ Ground Ele~ation -------------------------
Feature _nq~_ ~_7_--r~I.j.tt}¥--Bearlng --------------8.1"-~--'11-------------Rock aevatlon,_. _________________________ _
Coordinatas:N --~ ___________________ Date Started ----------11:--f/~-----------Overburden Thickness. -----~-f!-f----------
E -7------------~-y--Date Complatad _____ 8/_1 _________________ Ground-Water Elenuon ___ .12 __ '1 _______ _
Core Sizes _J..!l:x_L-J3_~ __ !:Et~'-" .. J...-Total Depth _____ q'La ____________________ Logged by __________ !j .. !:t;';.'1-____________ _
c_
.2 is 1iI a. ~ GI
.!C w-
Graphic
Log
Classification and Physical Condition
Remarks
(Sample Data, Water Level.,
Drilling Characteristics etc.)
-~p ,-t, ' ; I
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY GEOLOGIC LOG
Form SG-2
September 1978 PROJECT ____ .££*--'-____ $f:?t!.. __ t.&.?L ____ _
Hole NO •• .Y-..t.~i6'::J.,I----,.7--------Angle (from Horizontal) _________ 7.12_:_______ Ground Elevation -_______________________ _
Feature jA.t.I-'jr~~s._'~_~/)j/!~¥---Bearing un---nn--=-~j(;-r---n-----m--Rock Elevation un ______________________ __
Coordinates: N ______________________ Date Started ---------~1~JAQ-------------Overburden Thickness _____ 3_1 .. s:. _______ _
E ______________________ Date Completed -----fJ.I.'1/-{1.cL------------Ground-Water Elevation ;,-;2(:1 _________ _
Core Sizu __ :;r.t!-)! __ (B~ __ ~~!{l·t,L-Total Depth _________ ql..lJ._______________ logged by _________ ..J1,~-&~¥_--------
Graphic
aa.ification and Physical Condition
c ~
Log
0 ·i .. > II II a-S' .. "0 .. II ~ a .!!o :g w-:::I 'i! .. ..
:J ;; <C
u :c "tI-a-!If l!!
0 a:
I II
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1\1
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Remarks
(Semple Data. Water levels.
Drilling Characteristics etc.)
-
-
-
-.
-..
.-
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....
.....
-~ ..
.... .. -....
w.."
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Harza Engineering Company
Form SG-Is
r
Sheet I of f
Date 8(crjeo
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
PROJECT 13Lkt Rae. Lf!Kf
Hole No. LB-3>
Location Do M= Ah~ Is p,\f'II6Y . I Coord~nates' N
Angle (from Vertical) C)
E Date Completed 81 1glBo Logged by D,A ,t='H'f.
Bearing _________ ~~----
Date Started a 0. 780
Ground Elevation. _________ _
Rock Elevation ____________ ~
Water depth during test ~~
-..-i Pressure Depth ~ Meter til I1l -~..-i Q) oo~ I
o I1l Q) o 00 '0 C Rate' I1l >.
~ ~ ...:I l-l Q) • .-f .('\1
C C Q)~
Test ..c:"'~ 'Q) 00 5 of • .-f 5 0 5 . .-f .j..I~'O l-l~~ o..~ Q) v 5 • .-f l-lo-i
Ena. I1l Q) 0'00' -:l -~ Q) • .-f " '-No. From To O'.j..I Q) Start Q) ~ • .-f Loss + ..-i I Net cc.j..l ~ '..-i o-i 5 I1l • 0' 0 ~ U 0...0 .'
~ft. Q) H 00 11l::s I ~ • .-f (gpm) ~ ~~I u '.-f (psi) ...:I Q) 3 U I
l-l E-< '" "" --m. E-< units --
I .~.2.. f.{C,.o qZ tJ9.1 cRJ,s iJ,'S" I t!J.IS {:, 17.'g
tTlzs OCf,~, O. , ( 0.1 ~
9·]£ Iq·LfS o. t , 0,1 Ci II (!) :7-23.' Iq,q )UO-(p
10:1: /l,e, 1') • .:g-I O,~ {I.-
IILh a.4 0"6 \ of' ("t.
I (2. "-l::ld 10.7 I 07 Il-1\ L·o z.~.<t S.7'J...Io-s ,
I~.D I~,q /. '{ l I. "I 2.0
1~.4 1l.1f" '.4 I 'L~ ZO I, 2.. "L. .is.~ l'tl. .( I Q!i
/f., ,t 18./s-/,3S ( 1,3~ 2G
/11.3 l't,o OJ \ 0,7 I~
(~,o 11. 9 o.q. \ c.9 1'2. I
19. '1 ZO"T o~ I 0.<1 1'-1\ /.y Iz 'b. I.{ 17,4 t lu-5'
208~ 21,0 O( l. oJ2S c \ \ 0,0 2,3 ~ If.'t)( (0-6
~
I
~
'ita<:,
~
r~
~
Depth to g!'oundwate!' ___ feet X 0.433= __ psi Gage + Column -Friction Loss=Net Pressure
* Column pressure = (depth to middle of tested interval or depth to groundwater, whichever is
smaller) X (0.433)
Conversion factors: cu:ft.X 7.48=gallons
meters X 3.28=feet
2 kg/cm X l4.22=psi
liters X 0.264=gallons
-----------------------------------------_. __ . __ ...
I~
.. HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY GEOLOGIC LOG
Form SG-2
September 1978 PROJECT ____ BJ..&(.._~ ___ El£A_~ ____ bAKE ____ _
Sheet No 1
Date -J7-~-~-';''Eo--Hole No •• __ R~..B::_LJ-----------------Angle (from HorizontaU ______ j"s.:~________ Ground Elevation ____ ~_lkg§':_Q _______ _
Feature __ D1+ .. ~ __ .r.t~t~___________ Bearing . _____________ ~-9~_Z ~_____________ Rock Elevation .------'JR~9.:J.-_r-r----
Coordinates: N __ -.~_':I..'L.Z.l:?________ Date Started ---------7./..~ _8..Q__________ Overburden Thicknell
o
______ ~_1_r.z .. ____ _
E __ ~_/'l'jJP-P..I----,,-Date Completed _____ :;'ZZ ~____________ Ground-Water Elevation __ ~g __ AQf!l< 0
Core Sizes _lA_~ __ ,,_BG._e.tt.u.L'l~J-Total Depth _________ 'QL9.R.d__________ Logged by ________ 12J.A.J:.J.:..EY ______ ._~
Graphic " ~ Log
> f 8' :::I
:8 ~
! :5
CD
'1:1 a of!
4(
Clallificetion and Physical Condition
r'-'! ; -i 1 A·~..,--Otlr--:ord·a~D~·· ; , ...
. ,. r-'" • ,....,.-t ""f¥ .. ~'--. '-..I;:I~.1>.. ~.J-. .-
.: -:-J""'IJJ>~NJ~-,·<" "-'"'""': f---b ,"';!,..·tJ)eci"'Ihrrry . ~~"""'~.1.,.~!L.t .~J..(J '"-. --1 L-':L'-', .h_ .. y.I!.l;._,
l-l ~_-:-j)·,:Fff-.Z~~,jJ .. n-!.3ii.-Lft1J~~ ~.~ ~M-:
.. ; ~~:1TafJ-~c£'-; l:P.s.JZ:--;' -. . isfljt~-~Vtti:, • -_.-
r~-~' r"
; ~-;-t-'I-~~ts=nr7+--J .' rttW!{s-" !-_.-. ,~it~'¢t:-;·QteiYi~~¥~.t~,,TbdQ~,f~) t.+ 4:1 ~"'~~'H' ,~-+ 1. ___ , i-+-'-! : ··~I1fL~,~:~-~i~+~··r;" t'i :~-:-:-2i L~U1~~
:s a-d ~ I! ., c CJ a:: 0 I ! a:: a: 8 cJ
'-.-t1m( //if~' -J..-lIfeJl-,~lJl:_lrr:tYT..flA {>-'--~ .~ ~~;-;r t:ti.dt':e,q;;·~~iA(>ti-=;4o. ,:~jl'Jf..f.,',"j t--Il---if---l
.!!-.. -~~ .. -~!', ";"111~§"j.7f ~.',-1r-.:{lia :-~. '. ~.t~f l~,·,'-~,'.'. :t:'h,.l~t •. .J{~t .. ·,f ~ ~~1:·1~j~%·~~~}!~.j~$~~~9j1:1~;~: ~:"',c " H#o' •• .,-.. .B~tf~" '-;-.l -H+FYftI.~~. . ~F .. t·lJI..:r.y._. ~. ,-1 W-,...;,A·=-J. i -l----'-r,j.-t-~+e!.~.J -.·H~i ~-0,; ~ ~.f\-.; ;LF !-4'~ ~ , • ,,(:~,
L::c:.~t~ldt~_·i.c~ '!.-" ~I! -=~tfl14< !lti):-:.-+-~+. :.LL~.~.-t.-~~ .. } _.'.-;-f-~ .. - -... +-+ ~ .. + ··f--+-,"" .. L'~+-'f'" ; .. -f<f-=~~-:~'.~+-t_~+-.. -~j-~. : . : I ~".".y-_l. ...... ~·_J-t·!
_,.lUI.lL,. '----'-i --~.-. I ---. I, -i i·~-t I r .. , "-, r+--+--t---t
1r.;e'-·· .. '~~.Jl,.llf4--w£!'~'~ H~~~
l_", .' --lJ·~ '-';";;l;!':-,;-;,,2 ~ :~iI "It:" : ,r; ,-. ...:;-··;M()~T,:~.1:0L.~f,i:r~ f"1.Jf., )-'.Jfr:d;'llL~
50° . \t4-;SicU~=~ ~iii :;p ,~:¢'-e :y.;sq Ii t~ j tJ~ ";if ¢5fly-~'
~.-...:=·t!l.5t> ';" '. -,;";-'--= .. = .. '
t-r-'~'-~' :.
_" --I.
I
Remarks
(Sample Data. Water Levels.
Drilling Characteristics etc.'
-".-~ -.j ;-" ~~-~ -,'"
." ~ __ "'.', J .• ~"_.--....... , . . -"'-'1
. ", ... ~-~ .~.~t.:~-., ..... -
'T~i)~~f~-~i'
) . i
No.te:. ':-L.-:-:' . :-~... ::
~seqaeot-petro .
gi.aphiC-..~nal¥sis .h~·
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-_ ..
-
-
-.... -
...
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........
-
-
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~S~~10n:-thi~"~lOEJ" _
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2O---------------------------------~----------------~~------------------~
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32.
-
-
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
September 1978
GEOLOGIC LOG Sheet N.'}-2 /3
Date -7.fiiJ.8"Q.
Hole No. __ J~,_~_13_-:Jj.________________ Angle (from Horizontal) _______ :t..~c:.. ______ _ Ground Elevation ________________________ _
Featu~e ____ Q~ ___ LI~l~_________ Bearing -------------¥1.7--9.J./:?r.-----------
~rdlnatas: N ______ ._______________ [brte Starbtd _______ ~ ~~~~~----------~ Rock Elevation -----------------7---------
Overburden Thickness _____ AL.7 _____ . ____ .
E ____________ •••••• _._'\ Date Completed _____ Z. __ '-I ________________ _
Core Sizes _~8_K __ C.J3-Q.--~-ty-~IJ~) Total Depth __________ ~Q .. Q! __ . ______ . ___ _ Ground-Water Elevation ___ ;r~~9 __ !lJ'.e!PX
~ed by _________ iJ._~J.J:r!~ ________ ~
Graphic
Log
II 'af. :c
Classification and Physical Condition
a-u 'af. I! II C c:J a: 0 I II a: a: ..
cJ 8
, o.e-~ ~ . -+ I 7~ ,,~,,; r, ~ IT!, r-6.eo1~
-; :-=~ ; ~~f~::-J.ar-:-';"~fflA(!ct~t)t.Mr:t)· :
~ ;--: __ , ; 'v-:.-~fll _, :-:-=:_~ii~~l 'IS~,~,~ii-li(-~~.1,v:II~±. +--~""',;)-f
i..h. (; '\~;, t·J .,.. ... \) ~ _ -~ J;;;;' , an1$~' Let~q, ~,.c-.rT_~ -~iJH~LZ.J .: ~ \Jl
E;6 fe..S:<S'l.4t'--.. ~ , ----' J -+ 1 ... , •. ,-. " +. t .--~ ~ ;:~-,-tC .... +;~rF 1+-1:-' l~i~·'~-:ti.'-·· ,'-', t':::' L
i:_L..,., :-.:t24~ 3-Zrz .~d6r.(i! .~.~h()~ , .-~
f '~L~0lt.4ifhL:j,.re~tdCi"1~i#Aie2W~-,_~I---+-~
'i 1r-w tff~--I' .. / .. _' : L-~" f----f< ''',-' -~-7fT'zt-+ ' --~h ' .. -~ i ',-j '---:.,.
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. ~~'-'-'--;
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r-::ft J±ti' -' EF i-ri Ill> .-I I tn' ~-
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~!~.j..t~ +~
: 1.';71 !.iJ', : ~ :-:-I--~r---I
! ! l~'~' ... t-" !
Remarks
(Sample Data, Water Levels,
Drilling Characteristics etc.)
5
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
September 1978
GEOLOGIC LOG
Hole No. _____ .R~_6..:=L ______________ Angle (from Horizontal) ____ f!.~':.. _________ _
Feature ____ .Q&.t\. __ fr.lJ.~__________ Bearing ------------~82~:r.---------------
Coordinates: N ______________________ Date Started -------.7{r:?S.{..~Q------------
E _____ ••• _ ••••••••• _._. Date Completed •••• l.1?.71.""f..9. __ ••••• ____ ••
Core Sizes :r..AJ.-• .(.El~--~-t'!iyJ). ..• Total Depth • __ ••.•. _~O'£Q~_ •• ____ •• _._. __
c_
.S! -=
1ii CL » II
.J!Q w-
Graphic
Log
Claaification and Physical Condition
Sheet ~1;-~B ..
Date -If-?lJKQ ~,
Ground Elevation .-•• -•• --. __ •••.•••• _ •• a_
Rock Elevation .••••••••• _____________ • ___ _
Overburden Thickness --.--.k~l---ir---•• -
Ground-Water Elevation __ f..~~9._?JI'.;:!el':.
Logged by _. _______ Ll~J0l~_t:r~y-----------
u ~ :c
CL u ~ • .. II Q " a::
I ! 0
ci <3
a::
c.S
Remarks
(Sample Data. Water Levels.
Drilling Characteristics etc.)
-... _--~ !
., .. _ .. ...:....
;~--i
--_ •. _ ..... f .:-+-... '
--_ .. _;:-~
-_. , . -+-....,...~ ....... --....
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-
-
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... ~-.----.~.-.-------.. -----------------------
Harza Engineering Company
Form SG-Is
Sheet / of 2
Date Uz; liP
, J
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
PROJECT [She I:.. /3~ r La Ke
Hole No. £15. -( Angle (from Vertical) ~~ Ground Elevation. _____ _
Location /J;,p11 Axl.s
Coordinates: N. _____ _
E
Bearing 20~
Date Started 7/2:J'iD
Date Completed 7/2z/80
Rock Elevation ._------
Water depth during test l'?o Appro)'..
Logged by D A· Fr~~ -' I -.-; Pressure Depth +J Meter til III -~.-; I!) tIl~ I
o III I!) o til '0 ~ Rate' III >. ... ~ H ~ I!) .~ ·N ~ ~ I!)+J
Test ..c .... -'I!) til e of .~ e 0 e .~
~ +J +J 0.-I!) • v e .~ ~.-; --.fpNO. r'r<'-~ t .,\
From To
.Aft.
+J~'O
0" +J I!) Start ~~+J
I!) H til
Ene. I!)~ .~ III I!) Loss
+J '.-; .-; e
III =' I w .~
O'tIl ........ =' +J Net I!)'~
III • 0' + .-; I U p....Q -0 -
L? X1 ~I u .~ (psi) .,·OU .....
"'('rjY
-'
-
.-:
1"& 1 ....
...
"""
.
(gpm) H I!) ~ u
1
~ E-o ... t... --m. E-o units
I <K.f 1t..9 '"8, -g-07.6 0.7. t...<:: Cl.~ I O.OS 12 ~.'b
07.~ (") 7.(~<" 0.0 I 0."0 IL.. I' 0 /s.'6
O.7 .. f£ o],(,s 00 , t?o 2c) l\ (') 1~.8 0,0
D7. r;.S 07,(,,$ 0.0 I ~.o 1'-0.0
2. '''.2 2~,O 11.'5 2~.S 2.~, G <"~ I I 0.( 12.. c.. 7 O.t. J~.S I.X(o·Sc ..,ts
Zg-., 2.~,7 o. , I 0, I 11.
Z1l,t:t 2t:f" O,L I O.L 20 ! 1·
~ . .... I, • .
2.9 ( 2<=r.3 ~.L I 0.2-z.:o ~ 2.q.~ 2.9 S 0.1 I ~.I 2.c:> l' D.2 2 '-5 7.3.XIO" c"
.~ 2.C.2. 38.0 \o.'f 3\ 0 33.1 2.1 , .l.f 12. ~."
. ~~, r ~-,. ( J.b \ 2.0 12 •
~S,l 37,1 2..0 I 2"~ 1'2.. I \ 3,0 I r.r .. 2,2XlOf If1
. ~9,o ttz" .3 I( \ 3,1 2."L ..
41.1 \ Q5./ 3~o J,c 2."2-
t{S" Cf8.2. 3.\ , 3.1 2.Z-\ \ 'i.~ 27,1 2.&/ j (O·~, ~~
. '{'I. I SI.o 1.9 , \:\ \2...
..~ '1 Sl,o ..s Z~"' I.A I L'if \1..
IS2.~ SN.t, l.'if \ \,~ l1.. ' \ 2.1 11:.7 2x-ail{ c ~~
5$,0 SS.q t)~C( 1 a,q L.
55.'1 '%,8 0,'1 , Oq L I. I.S /1.1.1 1/.3XlO-<f c ~J
4 3,.Q tl2.7 .-;.t ctrJ,n Q7.C
..
2.(, 1 2,(". t. 12.z..
&fe,e. SS.~ 2,7 , 2.7 I.
lo<;-t 100% q~.3 97.9 2,' t L~ b 1 I ~.O /'1.2. 7. 2)({O~ It.
1(\ rcu1 l·t(",,-6> () I.D O'~'f 5.~ , 5~ 1"2.. l, /O.'f 13. 'b
.J./). .7 O~.'J IB.G )/.7 ? -~~ 12. :+ fu ~ p Mft-~ OUiDI1 tl, 7X lo-.J c;, ~
1'1'0 \ ~'c~~ z.&S 3C.1 7c" ? "S,<{ ~
I~e,,-\" elV·~. I-v.. I lIr:> "0 3.<1 I ~. q (, , I 1. .. < //,7 13Xlo-3 ~
.,
Depth to g~oundwate:::-__ feet X 0.433= __ psi Gage + Column -Friction Loss=Net Pressure
* Column pressure = (depth to middle of tested interval or depth to groundwater, whichever is
smaller) X (0.433)
Conversion factors: cu:ft.X 7.48=gallons
meters X 3.28=feet
2 . kg/cm X l4.22=ps~
liters X 0.264=gallons
. .
'~ .' (J C
Harza Engineering Company
Form SG-Is
Sheet 2 of Z.
Date ~~i7i0 .... "
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
PROJECT B LAO: 15E1\ K LA t.E -
Hole No. 'R.. ~. -, Angle (from vertical) rS % Ground Elevation ____________ _
Location tAlV'-AX.lS.
Coordinates: N ____________ _
E I ,
r
Bearing 2DZ
O
Date Started Z=Z~/oD
Date Completed 4/2 qtgO
Rock Elevation .---------------"
Water depth during test'f'(>.Q 1..
Logged by IJ A Fr ~ y
~ .-i Pressure Depth +J Meter Ul <tl ~
I ~.-i <u o <tl <U ~ ~ Test .c::t:;~
+J<u'O No. From To tT +J <U Start
cc+J
~ft. <U H Ul ~ <U
m. E-<
~~.7 S,~,C q.~ £fl. I II\S ~(.' ..
t/3.0
(,' 35
43.S
J{L.f.O
'ICf.s-
.!/C/,J'"
tf~ I
u~, '2.
53,1 £t 0 &:6' :..'7. r
,/7, ,
Li7.]
til.. C/
~7.55"
LIQ,C
t/::_-:;
~IC. 7
LI,? q
((0 -:> , ",...:..
:':1,3
Depth to g~oundwate~ ___ feet
* Column pressure = (depth to
smaller) X (0.433)
Ul~ o Ul '0 C Rate' <tl >. -~ ~ <U • .-1 ,N C <u+J
• <U Ul = of • .-1 = C 0 = . .-1
~+J+J a.~ <U u = • .-1 ~.-i
Ene. O"Ul" ~ ::l ~ +J <U • .-1
,.
<U ~ • .-1 <tl <U Loss + .-i I Net +J '.-i .-i = <tl • 0" ~ 0 ~ v p,..Q
<tl::l , Cll '.-I (gpm) ~ ;t .1(, (J '.-I (psi) ~ v, ~ -E-< ... tL. --units
'12/1 ch'L 1 0.2-6 12_q "'"',
431-0 () \ I c), \ C -4"),/ (!) ,/ \ oj C. Ott 1[.7 I 2.XIO·S Cr;
"IJ, "7 0.) \ 0'.3 -"', 1'-
O/~O Q,,-1 0.2... \"L -LtC/, ?.. 0,2-\ 0,2.. \~ o .S' 2'1.4 1.'1 Xlo~S 17.
'-I4T 0,3 \ 0.3 20 ~-L/..£/ t),3 \ O,~ 2'0 0.7 ~2. '2... 2.2XfO-S
4~.1 o I \ 0.\ b ~;t' L15.3 0, \ 1 C?, \ & O.~ r6. 7 1.2)( 10.5 ..
!/7, ( (), , I C. I 12 , z.. '1 o p Z. '{, 7 J.3 t 10-.s' ~I ... ,.
tn '2.. ,r: I I 0.1 12
u7 u a.1 I r I ?(j .... , ,~ ,
!/ :,~5 C.'S' ! CJ.:S '2 0 (J,3 32.C, )5,/ 10-5 C-' Ys1L.
'/77 O. '3 1 0, ! S' 20
~/rSJ ') J,S I ~ ? ~~ -' 0,(' i.(O '3 2sX 'OoS Co v.,. ..
;'~.G 0. J ; ).3 :>'f ,.,
!.{E, 'i' o l I 0.2. 2.0
OJ, I 0.2 I el.'" 20 O.q 32..~ 2.t ~/o....s +
t./9, :5 dl I 01 12. -.
C _"I LI " ! I (), I /? Q,z.. z-'!,7 I.!IXloS (' ft!fc.;.. ~'. ..
,-.,., -...
.....
...... ..
X 0.433= __ psi Gage + Column -Friction Loss=Net Pressure -
middle of tested interval or depth to groundwater, whichever is -~onversion factors: cu:ft.X 7.48=gallons kg/cm2
meters X 3.28=feet liters
X l4.22=psi
X 0.264=gallons -
.....
".,....
"""
.~ ..... .-0
.',"1IIIC
....
2 --... Lj
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-
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-
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
September 1978
GEOLOGIC LOG
Hole No •••. J\J~:.2.................. Angle (from Horizontal) •••••• .CJ.Q.: ........ .
Feature •••• U,o.ih ... AXJ;.$......... Bearing ••••••••••••• Z .. ~ ................. . . .± 001 ·r ... .. 8··' Coordinates: N ••••• J.f, .~_,?....... Date Started ••••••• 7/.?§. '7jP.. ••••••••••••••
E •• ~r~L.~~.~.' ..... ~t Date Completed •••• ll-~-.~ I.Q/L ............ .
Core Sizes .rA~. ..~.Q . .£'tIJJ-'!j Total Depth ••••••••••• :tQ~Q ••..••.....•.•
c_
.S! is ~ ~ .. .,
~Q 11.1-
Graphic
Log
Claaification and Physical Condition
Ground Elevation ••••• ! .. 1.111 ..••••••••••
Rock Elevation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Overburden Thickness .~ •• Z.£ .......... .
Ground-Water Elevation E'?..$.·.Q • .!.-I.P..':E2<-
lA>ggedby •••••• J[l.~~J~r.~.\t ........... .
Remarks
(Sample Data. Watar Levels.
Drilling Characteristics etc.)
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
Form SG-2
September 1978
GEOLOGIC LOG
Hole No. __ ]_"R.J5_:Z .. _____________ Angle (from Horizontal) ________ i9_: _______ _
Feature __ _nt.J _____ lb~_'_~________ Bearing ---------------:T----r,---------------
Coordinates: N ______________________ Date Started --------7.J.1-P..lrB..Q.-----------
E ------7------------:'\ Date Completed :---l-f?.~-J.f;JL----------Core Sizel ___ l._6x.._l..._6_G __ f..~~J_I!J Total Depth __________ /1.0_._9 ______________ _
c_
,2 -S 11 Q. • u .!!c w-
Graphic
Log
Cla.ification and PhYlical Condition
Ground Elevation Rock Elevation ___________________________ _
Overburden Thicknesl _____ ?~_~ __________ _
Ground-Water Elevation -r,-?'£-Q/Jt~Lo..)(
logged by ________ l).~~ __ r~if------------
Remarks
(Semple Data, Water Levell,
Drilling Charac18riltiCi atc.)
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Date ~r-:r
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
Hole No. £4 -ftl
Loc.tion Ll sc~ ~ C
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. Teat .c>-""~'i No. From '1'0 CT~
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Angle (from VerticAJ.)_.a.O_#l_ Ground Elev.tion '------
Date Started ~~L W.ter depth during test 0
, Logged by LJ. A. ~,,~~.v J LP, Date Completed
Be.ring, ____ .......,._~_
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Rock Elev.don, _____ ~
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It Column pressure -(depth to middle of tested interv.l or depth to groundwater, whichever is
1IJIIa1ler) X (O.433) . . -
Conversion f.ctors: cu.ft.X 7.48-g.llons kg/ca2 X l4.22-psi
.aters X 3.2a-feet litera X O.264-gallons
----------------------------~ ... --.-.--.. -... ---_ .. -_ .. _----------_.-
~nee~-2;...~J:~
1)ate~
'" :REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
ftOJEC'1' 13 (4., ~ ·R ~OJC LA &.-
Bole 1IO. __ R;:;..!:_B ......... 2_· _""""'-_ Angle (fram Vertical) _0110,--_ Ground Elevati.on. _____ _
.. aring, ____ ~~r_--
Date Started'-----'~..L.:~;.:;.c..~....z..;~=--
Rock Eleva~ion. ______ _
Water depth during test:.....-__
Loc:at!on _____
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COordiAates: H.
E Date 'eo.pleted 'Z I. Logged llY IJ:-A . rr ~ "I -~ Pre •• ure : . .Depth ., Meter .--~~ . ·x . I oa c Rate' 111>-°111~ .9·5 II ....
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* Column pressure -(depth to middle of tested interval or depth to groundwater, whichever is
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Conversion factors: cu,ft.X '.4S-gallons kg/ea2 X l4.22-psi
.. ters X.3.28-feet liters X 0.264-gallons
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Fora SG-I.
REPORT OF WATER PRESSURE TESTING
PROJECT 8ku} I_e 4&£
Bole Mo. i,~"')
t.ocation r...,.fsd 1" .. t.-oH
Coordinatnz N, _____ _
E
Angle(from Vertical) C)V
Bearing -
·Date Started ~~
Date Completed 0 . ....
Ground Elevation. _____ _
Rock Eleva~ion~_---
Water depth durin; test ~
Logged by b A f"~ _I • -Pre •• ure Depth ., Meter •• -I IW ..... .~ .
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PETROGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF SAMPLES FROt-1 PRINCE OF l'fALES
ISLAND, SOUTIt-EAST ALASKA.
A. F. Koster van Groos.
LB-l (44.3-44.5)
Macroscopic:
Microscopic:
Summary:
igneous eruptive, light-colored, non-porous
phenocrysts of hornblende (10-20\), resorbed,
zoned plagioclase (An40-S0' 20-25\, sausuritized)
and rare augite (2-4'), 1lmenite/magnetite (2-4')
and apatite « 1') ; groundmass of plagioclase I
alkali feld~par, augite, hypersthene (1) and
biotite, also devitrified glassj alteration is
non-deuteric.
phyric andesite lava; glassy matrix.
LB-2 (22.2-22.4)
Macroscopic: fine-grained metamorphic, finely veined, moderately
hard, low porosity.
Microscopic: extremely fine-grained ( < .01 mm grain size);
bands of ore and quartz (1) with minor augite and
amphibole show alternations between oxide-rich and
oxide-poor; also fine quartzite veinlets (0.1-0.5
mm).with minor calcite.
Summary: high grade regional metamorphism.
LB-Z (47.6-47.8)
Macrcscopic: fine-grained metamorphic, similar to above.
Microscopic: as above but quartz veining better developed
Summary: high grade regional metamorphism.
RB-3 (17.8-18.0)
Macroscopic: Quartzite, granular mosaic, fresh, low porosity.
Microscopic: variable quartz grain size (.01-.4 rom?)., with
accessory augite, ilmenite/magnetite, apatite (1)
and ali1phibole(?)j fine veining by high relief
phase (epidote ?)
Summary: Finely-veined quartzite, high grade regional
metamorphism.
..
. " ,..,.
-
-.. _.
-
-
_.
-.
-.
-
-
-.. -.
-
-
-
'"'"
, .. .,.. .. -
-
-
-
...
'.
-
.. ,. -
-
28 Left bank of lake -first cove u/s of dam site •
. Macroscopic: igneous eruptive, dark-co1or~d, non-Forous.
Microscopic:
Summary:
equant granular texture ( < 1mm); groundmass of
plagioclase laths (An30-60, SO-60%), augite and
hypersthene (ca. 10%); glassy matrix a1tered/
devitrified to smectite and chlorite (1); no
olivine observed, but accessory ilmenite/magnetite
and apatite (1-4').
altered aphyric glassy basalt lava.
28 Left ·bank of lake -directly across lake from camp.
Macroscopic: igneous eruptive, medium-dark colored, non-porous.
Microscopic:
Summary:
phenocrysts of olivine (up to 2 mm) altered to .
chlorite, amphibole, smectite, iddingsite etc.; .
plagioclase (An30-S0' 20-30') resorbed showing
complex zoning, overgro\~ths etc., hornblende (.5-
1 mm); . groundmass granular to hya1opi1itic,
altered p1agioc1ase~ alkali feldspar and glass,
accessory ilmenite/magnetite and apatite.
moderately altered basaltic andesite lava
29 Base outcrop in hollow cliff.
Macroscopic:
)Iicroscopic:
Summary:
dense foliated metamorphic, non-porous, finely
veined and fractured •..
schistose texture comprising quartz (80t),
biotite (S'), green amphibole (10'), chlorite (S')
and magnetite ( ~ 1'); well crystallized, no
visible alteration. .
fresh. foliated schist, high grade regional meta-
morphism •.
-
-
-
-
-
APPENDIX 4 -
-
---
-
-
-
.....
-
....
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.-~----~----------------~--------~----~~ . • d. ..... .31". ..-. a»4-. a~. .ld.. a .....
0ErlHS
NGS DC/EDISJNOAA BOULDER,COLORADO
• • lID. .. fI-.,.
A ......,. 236 EARTHQUAKES PLOTTED (MAGNITUDE 3.0 +)
SOI06/IS. 15. 5S. 45.
o 100 200 300 400 ~OO Km.
seA LE
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY MARCH ,1981
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
BLACK BEAR LAKE PROJECT
EPICENTER PLOTS
SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA
f , .. , , f
[a"H~ua., Da,a Fill
t·
'All'L S[ARCH. 5vO 101 U(lUNO 55.5" II •• In.U3 II. -s. [. AUSU «f'IlR nu.
SOUU[ YEn "0 OA ", II .. SEC LAT LON' O[PT" ---------R" .. ITUOES---------
CllII I !lOOY SUR' OT"CR LOCAL
••• UIOI:UES A POSSIDl~ lUPLIC'T[ V'
CGS 19U 09 12 Iii H 12.a 5'.',,:1, 132.~eall
:s: I IU-01.22 I' H !i6.J 5'.5aJII 132.50011
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:GS I9ti u 31 32 32 11.0 56.00', U5.~DOII
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c;-a 1Uj Il 1I ~I 31 11.D 56.30~N 136.30:1.1 6.25PA$
[Ill l'in 12 Oil III 5& 55.5 56.3'''11 13:'.;'''''' OU '.20-"
C~S U67 h 12 ,~ H ,0.0 56.121' 136.122" DI' '.6DM"
ISS 1921 1:1 H I~ 5 a " 56.' !II 136. , II
ISS Ull Il 25 17 H .. 56.' ., USt.e II
I'SS 1927 II 12 21 5f. 12 56.' !II 136.3 II
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[,"UONllt:","L DATA S[RVIC[-----------------------------------------------------IIIATIONAL DC[AIilIC AIilD AT"OSPH[IIIC 'D"I'CISTUTIOh
B0/06/n. .,,[ 5
f , 1 I I , 1 J f , I 1 J 1 f 1 f , I I I , , r I > f I
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--APPENDIX B
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Appendix B
Hydrology Report
Table of Contents
Basin Description
Climate
Streamflow
Streamflow Records
Flow Synthesis for Black Bear Lake
Flow Synthesis Downstream of Black Bear Lake
Floods
Probable Maximum Flood
lOO-Year Floods
Flood Frequency Curves
Reservoir Routing for Spillway Design
Low Flow Frequency
Evaporation
Sedimentation
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
-i-
B-1
B-4
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-9
B-17
B-17
B-17
B-22
B-24
B-26
B-30
B-3l
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No.7
No. 8
No.9
No. 10
No. 11
No. 12
No. 13
No. 14
No. 15
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
Table of Contents (continued)
PLATES
Location Map
Drainage Area Map
Basin Elevation vs.Runoff
Monthly Percent of Annual Runoff
Monthly Average Values
1946-Low Flow Year
1944-Average Flow Year
1949-High Flow Year
Black Bear Lake Unit Hydrograph
Black Bear Lake-Probable Maximum Precipitation
& Inflow Hydrograph
Black Bear Lake-IOO Yr. Precipitation
& Inflow Hydrograph
Momentary Peak Flood Frequency Curves
Spillway Design Curve
Black Bear Lake PMF Inflow and Outflow Hydrographs
7-, 14-, 30-Day Low Flows
TABLES
Ketchikan Average Precipitation and Temperature
Area Stream Gages
Black Bear Lake Monthly Runoff Percent
Black Bear Lake Outflow Rating
Black Lake Outflow Rating
100-Year Flood Derivation
100-Year Flows
Average Monthly Evaporation Losses, Juneau
Airport
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B-2 -
B-3 -B-lO
B-12 -B-13
B-14 -
B-15
B-16 -
B-18 -
B-19 • -B-2l
B-25
B-27
B-28 -
B-29 -
B-4 -B-7
B-9 -
B-20
B-22 -
B-23 -B-22
B-30
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HYDROLOGY
BASIN DESCRI PTION
Black Bear Lake Is located on Prince of Wales Island eight miles east of
Klawock and nine miles northwest of Hollis, Alaska (Plate 1). The lake
is approximately at elevation 1,650 feet, National Geodetic Vertical Datum
(mean sea level), and has a surface area of 0.30 square miles. The
total drainage area for Black Bear Lake (Including the lake) Is 1.82 square
miles (Plate 2).
The drainage basin Is about two miles long with the lake extending about
70 percent of this length. The basin Is oriented in a northwesterly
direction. Ground slope Is very steep and averages 60 percent. Approx-
imately 80 percent of the S.S-mlle basin divide length exceeds 2,500 feet
In elevation with peaks to 3,996 feet. The average distance from the
basin divide to the lake Is about 2,200 feet. The mean basin elevation
of 2,410 feet makes Black Bear Lake one of the highest basins on Prince
of Wales Island •
The drainage basin is very rocky with only about ten percent of the
drainage forested. Most of the trees are located at the lower elevations
near the lake. The upper elevations consist of bare rock and light
brush, grasses, and moss. Several avalanche paths and talus slopes
from the high rocky peaks extend Into Black Bear Lake •
Black Creek leaves Black Bear Lake and drops 1,400 feet by a series of
falls and rapids within 0.6 miles. The stream trends in a northwesterly
direction to Black Lake (Plate 2), 1.7 miles downstream of Black Bear
Lake and about 1,600 feet lower In elevation. Black Lake Is about
0.8 miles long and has a total drainage area of 7.39 square miles. The
'stream leaving Black Lake flows In a northerly direction for three miles
to tidewater at Big Salt Lake (Plate 2). The total drainage area of Rlack
Creek at tidewater Is 17 .46 square miles. The basin below Black Rear
Lake is heavily forested.
B-1
G • Q Zt
o
SCALE: APPROX. 1-= 30 mil ••
LEGEND:
$ -STREAM OAOE STATIONS
( S •• Station Nam •• b.low)
.-WEATHER STATIONS
1. BIG CREEK
2. NECK CREEK
3. ST ANEY CREEK
4. KLAWOCK RIVER
5. NB TROCADERO CREEK
6. KARTA CREEK
. 7. MA YBESO CREEK
8. HARRIS RIVER
9. INDIAN CREEK
10. VIRGINIA CREEK
-0
~ ~ (\\
~
~
~ ~e.
DIXON ENTRANCE
B-2
11. CABIN CREEK
12. OLD TOM CREEK
13. REYNOLDS CREEK
14. UPPER MAHONEY LAKE
15. MAHONEY CREEK
LOCATION MAP
PLATE I 1~1
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10
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p . INCREMENTAL
DRAINAGE AREAS
(A). OUTLET TO BLACK BEAR
LAKE D.A...""!1.82 aq.mL
_ (B).INLET TO BLACK LAKE
__ ~~~~~;.L,cI~~~~ D.A.::4".'48 aq.mL
(C). OUTLET TO BLACK LAKE
D.A.::1.oe aq.mL
MOUTH OF BLACK CREEK
DA:::1Q.07 eqmL
DRAINAGE AREA MAP
B-3
PLATE 21wl
CLIMATE
The climate of the area Is maritime In nature. The climate Is humid and
Is typified by mild temperatures and heavy precipitation. Small diurnal
temperature fluctuations and relatively small mean temperature changes
from season to season are characteristic of the region. The pacific air
Is the moderating Influence, but temperature extremes In both winter
and summer reflect occasional air mass Invasions from Canada.
The climate In southeastern Alaska Is closely related to the numerous
low pressure systems created In the Aleutians. The storms move easterly
along the mainland cold front across the Gulf of Alaska to southeastern
Alaska. The low pressures create cyclonic wind patterns that rotate
counterclockwise (Corlolls effect). This produces prevailing southeasterly
winds in the Black Bear lake region. The moist air cools and forms
precipitation as It rises over the colder continental air. The Black Bear
Lake area gets even more precipitation due to orographic effects. Sub-
stantial precipitation variations can be found throughout southeastern
Alaska and very little data has been col.lected.
Ketchikan is the nearest long-term climatological station to Black Bear
Lake. Ketchikan, near sea level, has a historical mean annual precipi-
tation of 156.06 Inches and mean. annual temperature of 45.7 degrees F
(Fahrenheit) • Table 1 shows the monthly variation of precipitation and
temperature at Ketchikan.
Table 1
Ketchikan Average Precipitation and Temperature
( 63-Yea r Record)
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Precipitation
Inches
14.33
12.49
12.08
11.80
8.98
6.47
7.94
11 .24
13.50
22.47
18.50
16.26
T em pera tu re
(Degrees F)
33.7
36.0
38.2
42.8
49.1
54.6
58.0
58.6
54.1
46.8
40.2
35.8
Other weather stations in the area are shown on Plate 1. Mean annua I
temperature at Hollis, nine miles southeast of Black Bear lake, Is 44.2
degrees F. January is the coldest month at Hollis with an average tem-
perature of 32.4 degrees F, an.d August Is the warmest month, with an
B-4
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average temperature of 58.1 degrees F. The temperature on the Black
Bear lake drainage basin may average approximately 8 degrees F cooler
than Hollis, due to the decrease In temperature with altitude. The aver-
age annual precipitation at Hollis is about 100 Inches. Mean annual precip-
Itation on the Black Bear Lake drainage basin Is estimated to be near
220 Inches. This large amount of precipitation Is associated with orographic
effects.
B-S
------------------------------_ .. _ •.. _-
STREAMFLOW
A streamflow gage was installed at the outlet of Black Bear Lake In June
1980 and is being serviced by the USGS. Due to the very short period
of record, the gage was of limited value In the hydrologic studies contained
In this report. The gage will become of greater value as more data Is
collected. It is recommended that all analyses related to streamflow in
this report be reevaluated after at least one year of streamflow data
becomes available. This reevaluation Is required prior to final design
of the project.
Streamflow Records
Since the streamflow gage at the outlet of Black Bear Lake has a very
short period of record, other gages In the area of Black Bear Lake were
utilized for the hydrologic analyses. These gages are listed in Table 2
and shown on Plate 1. Most of the stream gages In the area are near
sea level and record flows from basins with mean elevations considerably
less than that of Black Bear.
During the hydrologic analysis it was determined that the only other
basin in the area with characteristics similar to Black Bear Lake and
being gaged in 1980 was the Upper Mahoney basin. Although the Upper
Mahoney record is short, Lower Mahoney has been gaged for 25 years
and could be used to extend the Upper Mahoney record. It had been
planned to compare the concurrent records of Black Bear Lake and Upper
Mahoney Lake and extend the short Black Bear Lake record if reasonable
to do so. Unfortunately, the required Upper Mahoney record was deter-
mined to be unusable by the USGS this fall.
Flow Synthesis for Black Bear Lake
To synthesize Black Bear Lake flows, other nearby gage records were
used. There are no stream gages In the Immediate area. To use all of
the available flow data, the records of the area gages were reviewed.
The stream gage records, along with precipitation records, wer~ used
collectively to estimate mean annual runoff, normal monthly distribution
of runoff, and variation of this normal distribution for a sequence of
years.
Mean annual runoff per square mile for each stream gage was plotted
versus mean basin elevation for gages near Black Bear Lake, on Prince
of Wales Island. An additional point was added to this plot for sea level
by converting the mean annual precipitation at Hollis to a discharge.
This was done by assuming an 80 percent runoff coefficient. A straight
line was fitted through the points of nearby gages and gages on similar
basins and is shown on Plate 3. The orientation of the basins makes
little difference in the mean annual runoff. Orientation may be significant
for 'individual storm events. Therefore, the straight line was extrapolated
directly to the 2,41 O-foot mean basin elevation of the basin feeding Black
Bear Lake to obtain a mean annual runoff of 13.5 cubic feet per second
(cfs) per square mile. As a check on this value, the discharge per
square mile was estimated by two additional calculations.
B-6
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11 I j I~ t 11
Table 2
Area Stream Gages
Drainage Mean Basin Elevation Runoff Per Square Mile Period of
No. on Gage Area Feet (Cubic Feet Per Second Record
Plate 1 Name (Square Miles) (Mean Sea Level) Per Square Mile) (Years)
1 Big Creek 11.2 360 7.811 15
2 Neck Creek 17.0 500 7.29 7
3 Staney Creek 51.6 600 6.911 111
4 Klawock River 46.1 1,150 6.49 1
5 NB Trocadero Creek 17.4 850 8.711 6
6 Karta Creek 49.5 1,000 9.27 7
7 Maybeso Creek 15.1 1,120 9.01 14
8 Harris River 28.7 1,400 8.92 15
9 Indian Creek 8.82 1,000 9.76 15
10 Virginia Creek 3.08 less than 200 5.58 2
t7:J 11 Cabin Creek 8.83 1,300 9.77 2 I ....... 12 Old Tom Creek 5.90 1,000 6.47 29
13 Reynolds Creek 5.70 1,600 10.95 5
14 Upper Mahoney Lake 2.03 2,1100 15.07 2
15 Mahoney Creek 5.70 1,680 18.24 25
Runoff from the Black Bear Lake gage for August 1980 was compared
with concurrent precipitation at the Alaska State Hatchery at Klawock,
near sea level seven miles west of Black Bear Lake. Runoff for this
period was assumed to have been almost entirely from precipitation.
Base flow at Black Bear Lake was separated from the recorded flow,
and It was determined that the stream gage recorded a runoff (converted
to Inches over the basin) that was 1.83 times the precipitation recorded
at Klawock. The average annual precipitation at Klawock Is not known,
but It should be very ciose to the mean annual precipitation at Craig of
105 Inches per year. It was assumed that the above 1.83 factor observed
between Klawock precipitation and Black Bear Lake runoff during August
1980 Is representative of conditions throughout the year. Therefore,
approximately 192 inches of runoff per year could be expected from
Black Bear Lake. This Is equivalent to a mean annual runoff of 14.14 cfs
per square mile.
A third estimate of the mean annual runoff for Black Bear Lake was
made by utilizing records from an old rain gage about 23 miles southeast
of Black Bear Lake. Precipitation was recorded at Jumbo Mine, elevation
1,500 feet, from 1915 through 1918. The mean annual precipitation at
Jumbo Mine was estimated to be 190 Inches. Jumbo Mine records were
compared with the concurrent records at Ketchikan and adjusted to account
for the Ketchikan departure from normal during that period.
The average annual precipitation increase with Increase In altitude was
assumed to be linear between sea level and Black Bear Lake. Since
Hollis Is situated near Black Bear Lake and Jumbo Mine, It was used for
the sea level precipitation station. The average annual precipitation at
sea level (Hollis) Is 100 Inches, at 1,500 feet (Jumbo Mine) is 190 Inches,
and at 2,410 feet (Black Bear Lake) is extrapolated to 240 Inches. This
Is equivalent to 15.9 cfs per square mile at B lack Bear Lake with a runoff
coefficient of 0.9.
The three estimates of average annual runoff at Black Bear Lake (13.5,
14.1, and 15.9 cfs per square mi Ie) were reviewed with a" of the data
assembled for this analysis. Additionally, the short record at Upper
Mahoney Lake was analyzed, although the record is considered poor and
it Is remote from Black Bear Lake. Since the precipitation record at
Jumbo Mine Is very old and short, the runoff estimate using Jumbo ~Ine
data was considered least reliable. Therefore, It was assumed that the
average annual preCipitation at Black Bear Lake Is between 215 and 220,
which Is equivalent to 14.3 cfs per square mile. This produces a total
mean annual runoff of 26 cfs.
The monthly runoff variation for several of the nearby stream gages
was studied. A relationship of seasonal runoff versus mean basin eleva-
tion was developed for an area of Baranof Island by the Alaska Power
Administration and the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation (Ref. 1). Runoff
variation for selected stream gages on Prince of Wales Island near Black
Bear Lake did not agree well with this relationship. This may be due
to lower preCipitation on Prince of Wales Island.
'.
B-8
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Mean monthly runoff, as percentages of mean annual flow were estimated
from relationships between Maybeso Creek, Reynolds Creek, Lower Mahoney,
and Takatz Creek. The estimated normal monthly flows, as percentages
of mean annual flow, are shown In Table 3 for the Black Bear Lake drain-
age •
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.
December
Table 3.
Black Bear Lake
Monthly Runoff Percent
Normal % of
Mean Annual Flow
25
23
20
57
156
179
103
96
132
181
134
94
The variation of flows from year to year was accomplished by use of the
variation of precipitation from normal. A table of ratios of precipitation
at Ketchikan was developed by dividing each monthly value of precipita-
tion by the normal precipitation for that month. A ten-year set of flows
for Lower Mahoney was developed by multiplying the precipitation ratios
by the Lower Mahoney normal monthly flow. These developed flows
correlated well with recorded Lower Mahoney flows for the same ten-year
period. Better correlation was obtained during the snowmelt months of
April, May, and June by shifting 50 percent of the portion of flows In
excess of the monthly average to the next month. Using these same
methods, 60 years of estimated flows for Black Bear Lake were developed.
The estimated low monthly flows appeared high and were adjusted to
more closely correspond to the calculated low flow probability. The
60 years of data are shown in Appendix A. The estimated monthly flows
were used as data In the Corps of Engineers computer program, H EC-4
(Ref. 2) to generate the 500 years of flows (see Appendix A).
Flow Synthesis Downstream of Black Bear Lake
Flows were synthesized for three basins downstream of Black Bear Lake.
These basins are shown in Plate 2. The mean annual runoff for each
basin was determined by comparison of nearby gaged streams' runoff
versus elevation trends (see Plate 3). This is similar to the method
B-9
--CD
CD -
2500
Ill,AC~.J EA1L.bM<J; ...s.lEy': =.1 ~1~ ___ 7-,,---• •
v ..-2000 -z
0
i= « > w
.J
W
~
if 0
I-' «
(;) OJ
W
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l-• • • • • Id. Creek
--
l{. •.. Cr."
..
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• "avb •• o cr •• k@ d. Indian Creek .....
'II' ~~ Karta Cre.k • • NB Tro ad.ro Cr •• k • I
8taney preek f§>~/ LEGEND: .... Nee k Cre.k @ Nearby Gage Statio ~s on <! Big Cr •• k
Prine ~ of Wales I land
1100
1000
100
• S Other c: age Station within I
100 1~lIe radius r-i:.--0.8 Klawo ~k Pr.clplt.tl~ ~ 0 ~
1 20 • 8 8 10 12 14 1.
BASIN RUNOFF ( efs/sq.ml. )
BASIN ELEVATION vs. RUNOFF
PLATE 31~1
1 1 'f • 1 ! 1 I , , I I , , . ~ 1 , , J ) J ! , I
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•
described for Black Bear Lake In the previous section. To determine
the average monthly variation In the calculated average annual runoff.
stream flow and precipitation were reviewed. Elevation effects on monthly
runoff were also evaluated. Maybeso Creek and Reynolds Creek flow
records and Ketchikan precipitation records were reviewed and plotted
to establish percentage of annual runoff for each month versus elevation
(see Plate 4).
Flows were synthesized for Maybeso Creek and compared with recorded
flows to establish empirical formulas for synthesizing flows on Black
Creek basins. Correlations were lowest In the spring and summer. To
improve the correlation between predicted and recorded flows. adjustments
were made for temperature extremes and precipitation extremes.
The 30 years of synthesized monthly flow data for each basin downstream
of Black Bear Lake were then calculated (see Appendix B). To do this
the mean ,basin elevation was used to determine average annual flow and
the average monthly percent of annual flow for each month. These monthly
values were then multiplied by 30 years of monthly precipitation record
from Ketchikan. as measured by deviations from the mean. Each of
these monthly flows was then adjusted using the empirical extreme temper-
ature and precipitation adjustments used on the test synthesis for Maybeso
Creek. Plate 5 shows the monthly average Black Bear basin flows and
corresponding Ketchikan precipitation and temperatures. Similar plots
for low. medium. and high years are shown In Plates 6-8.
B-ll
z o -to-< > W
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W
~ 1000
en < m
z < w
~
___ I-___ _ __~ __________________________ ~.!:~~tK LAK F AREA
-==::: =::: l~ :::::-=-___ ~ _______ -:~~~'!~E~£_~I!~~~_g_
I ------------8 ACK' CREEl "BELOW
BLACK LI'KE )
1/ , j
J
/ 1/
500~----~1-~~J~\~----+-~---+--~------4-------
/ \ I
j
II / \ I IcETCHIKAN pRECIP.
o 200
Q : RECORDED FLOW
" OF MEAN
MONTHLY PERCENT
OF ANNUAL RUNOFF PLATE 4~1t1
B-12
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eo
50
.....
30 A ~G. AI ~N. TE ~P.=
\\
~ A:n' 1"1\111 a1
B: -r--.': at
c--..... a1 -, .. ~ .. -
\'\ 0-.,. ~....;:: a1 ~ \\\ -~'
,\\
300
....... \~~ ~\~~
1vu ,~\ ~i \
1= 1~
46.2
KEY
Slack
Upper
Lower ....
.... .".,.u'
it Po/yr.
~F
~ear Li
End BI
End BI
of Blae
~
lke.
~ck Lak e
e ~ck Lak
lk Creek
G \\\'0~\ "i l'i \\~ \ \ ~
o~~~ ~ ////.~~~~~ll,
OCT NOV nEe JAN FEB MAR APR. MA,! JUN .AI. AUG SEP
MONTHLY AVERAGE.VALUES
B-13 PLATE 51~1
>-• -~ .c_
'Co ow
~a:
41» ~ 200 QZ 11< .. ~
41» -100 >x <0
-I-o W 0 ... ~
~
~
W
I-
Z
<~ ~ 0 s: o
I-
W
~
lID -0
I
Q
> II
0
eo
50
40
30
300
200
[.~.":(i.~ ~::;.~,::
E[;~~:'~:;-':;; :;;:::j;-:::"'o;;. ~~Sf~~: I;:~~~~~~:~
1946 IANN.
1946 ANN.
~
~ A : RunCl
B : tunc
C : RUll
0 : Rune
III
_!
-~~~tf{1i -
IPREC jP. : . 42.6" -.'
.....
TEMF I. : 4f 1.7 of -......
-
-
KEY -
ff at B lack B4 tar La~ e
ff at U pper E I"Id Bla4 :k Lake
ff at L pwer E .nd Bla ::k Lake
Iff at t. louth Cl f Blac~ Creek
I o -. ~ ~\\ \\ \ \\ \ [\ \ \ \ \
~\\ 1\\\ .\\ ~ I\\' 1\\\ \\ ] 100 -~\ :\\ .\\ ~ ~ ~ V//h V//h V//// ~ V#~ '//// '//// V////
OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP
1946 -LOW FLOW YEAR
PLATE 6
A C
1 t
CH2M
II Hill
-
-
,.4
CD cL at .... as 0 ...
CD W -> a: c( Q. 200
~ Z .s= c( -100 c ~ .... 0 X ~ 0
~ -I-0 0 W -~ ~
-11. 80 o. -a:
~ w 50 .... I-
Z -< ~ 40
,~Qw X
0 30 I-,-W
~
.-
400
~~i.'"
.~
300
CI) -U
" .... Jjli •
CI > as
a 200
100
-
:.'~"-:.,F:<:.: .. '.:;'/-:;.= K:?;~?X;:::; ~]Yr:~~~;
I<::;::;·~·~"·:!; I;~r·~::::tj:: .'"
~VG. ~RECI P : 1 67.5-944
1944 IAVG. ITEMP -: 47 ~5 of
K~Y
7{.' ~ I"lum,; II at ts laCK ts4 ~ar La" IS
B C: Run( Iff at U pper E' ~d AlAI Ik Lake
C: : Runo ff at Lc Iwer E. ad Blae k Lake
.\\ 0; ~ Runo ff at M )uth of Black Creek
~ ~ ~
~~ :\ ~ ~~ t\\ l\ \' \ \
\\ 1\\' ~\~\\ l\\ 1\\\ L\ \ \ 0
51 ,,\\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 14 I~ ~ //// ~~ ~//~
OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MA Y JUN JUL AUG SEP
1944 -AVERAGE FLOW YEAR
PLATE 7
B-15
CH2M
II Hill
«»
CIt ca ... «» > 4(
>-~ -c
0
~ -0
~
a:
~ w ...
z < ~ :t
0 ... w
~
• -o
I
CIt > ca
o
~
(3 w a:
~
z < ~
:t
0 ... w
~
&L
0
200+----+----+----t----r----r----~~~----t_--_r----t_--~~~
1949 AVG. PR 0+---~----~----+----4----~----+_--_4----_r----+_--_;----_r--__1
40~--~~~--t---t---~==~==+_--+_--+_--+_--+_~
1949 AVG. TE 30~--+_--~==~--~==~~--+---~~~~~~~~~~~
400+----4----~----~---+----~----r_--_+----_r----r_--_+----~--~
100 +----;
OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MA Y JUN JUL AUG SEP
1949 -HIGH FLOW YEAR
o
B-16 PLATE 81~1
-
-
-
...
---
-
.....
-
-
-
....
---
-
,-
-
-
-
-
--
FLOODS
Probable Maximum Flood (PMF)
The National Weather Service is currently preparing a Hydrometeorological
Report for Southeast Alaska. Advance copies of the probable maximum
precipitation (PMP) isohyetal map and a chart of depth-area-duration
relation for southeast Alaska PMP were used to develop the PMP for the
Black Bear Lake drainage basin. The 72-hour PMP for the Black Bear
basin produces 9.2 inches in six hours, 18.4 inches in 24 hours, and
31.3 Inches in 72 hours. Precipitation was plotted in the form of a depth-
duration curve to aid in obtaining Incremental rain.
The precipitation was arranged Into a critical storm pattern as recommended
in the U. S. Weather Bureau's Hydrometeorological Report No. 43 (Ref. 3).
An SCS triangular unit hydrograph (Ref. 4) for a five-minute rainfall
duration was developed for the 1.52-square-mlle land portion of the
basin. A curvilinear fit of the triangular unit hydrograph was used.
A time of concentration of 20 minutes was estimated using a combination
of overland flow and channel flow. The resultant five-minute unit hydro-
graph has a time to peak of 15 minutes and a peak flow of 2,943 cfs
and is shown on Plate 9.
No infiltration losses were taken for the basin. The basin is almost
entirely solid rock, and was assumed to be completely saturated by ante-
cedent storms.
A base flow of 200 cfs was used for the entire 72-hour PMF. This flow
is considered adequate to account for snowmelt conditions or to account
for runoff conditions from an antecedent storm. Either base flow condi-
tion is applicable since the PMP could occur during any season. However,
October is probably the most likely month for the PMP (Ref. 5).
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers computer program, HEC-l (Ref. 6),
was used to combine the PMP with the unit hydrograph to obtain the
inflow PMF to Black Bear Lake. The inflow to the lake was combined
with the flow from direct precipitation on the surface of the lake to
obtain the PMF for Black Bear Lake. The flood has a peak flow of
4,000 cfs and a volume of 4,250 acre-feet and can be seen on Plate 10.
The computer printout can be seen in Appendix C.
100-Year Floods
The 100-year floods were estimated for the outlet of Black Bear Lake,
the inlet to Black Lake, the outlet from Black Lake, and the inlet to
Big Salt Lake (see Plate 2).
The 100-year precipitation was estimated from the U.S. Weather Bureau's
TP 47 (Ref. 5). The storm produces 4.4 Inches In six hours and 8.0 inches
in 24 hours. The precipitation was plotted as a depth duration curve
to aid in estimating five-minute precipitation increments. The storm
B-17
EFFI~CTIVE DUF ATION : 5r~in.
250oL--J--I--+--+----+---f----t----t--II--j--'
TIME (min.)
BLACK BEAR LAKE
UNIT HYDROGRAPH PLATE 9 CHzM
II Hill
J ' 1 ( 1 .~ 1 f t f l f t , I , I r I , t r f 'I 1 < 1 r , I
I
t:1:I
I
I-'
\0
I 1 1 I , I I I , l i i I I I l , , • Ii l i " , . "' i . • , .. ;: •
z-0 ...
i= :::J
0 C.t:. ........ _ (I)
4. Q) -.t:. (.) (,) wS a:_
4.
-d
Q)
CD .... --.
:::J
(,) -~
0
.J
U.
0 40 48 68 84 72 0
1
2
3
PE K FLOW : 4000 cfs
PMF V LUME: 50 acre-et
2000
1000~----~------~------+-----~~~--~-r----+-----~r------T ____ ~
0~0------~e~-----,~e------+4------~3~2------4~0------~48-------6~8------~84~----772
TIME ( houre )
BLACK BEAR LAKE PLATE 10
PROBABLE MAXIMUM PRECIPITATION AND INFLOW HYDROGRAPH CH2M
::Hlll
was arranged as suggested by the U.S.B.R. Design of Small Dams (Ref. 4).
The unit hydrograph used for the Black Bear Lake basin 100-year flood
was the same as that developed for the PMF. Rainfall losses were assumed
to be 0.05 Inch per hour and base flow Into the lake was assumed to be
30 cfs (approximately the estimated mean annual flow). HEC-l was used
to combine the 100-year precipitation with the unit hydrograph. This
flow into Black Bear Lake was combined with the flow from direct precipi-
tation on the la ke to obtain the 1 OO-yea r flood. The 1 OO-yea r flood
peak flow was estimated to be 1,000 cfs (see Plate 11). I n order to
route the Black Bear Lake Inflow, survey Information was used to deter-
mine an approximate outflow rating curve. The channel cross-section at
the critical section in the outlet stream was found to be approximately
trapezoidal with a bottom width of 15 feet and side slopes of 1 V on 3.5 H
and 1 V on 4.5 H. The outflow rating was developed by using the weir
head discharge relationship with a discharge coefficient of 2.6. This
relationship agreed well with the three stage-discharge points determined
by the U.S.G.S. The storage of Black Bear Lake above the outflow
elevation was estimated by using a constant lake area of 192 acres for
this routing. The outflow rating used for the lake is shown in Table 4.
Active
Storage
( Acre-Feet)
81
125
190
265
324
Table 4.
Black Bear Lake Outflow Rating
(Natural Channel Outlet)
Active
Discharge Storage
(cfs) (Acre-Feet)
10 407
20 478
40 689
70 918
100 1,094
Discharge
(cfs)
150
200
400
700
1,000
The routing of the 100-year flood resulted in a peak outflow from Black
Bear Lake of 400 cfs.
Unit hydrographs were developed for three subbasins downstream of
Black Bear Lake "for use in determining the 100-year flood at the various
locations. The first subbasin was the area between Black Bear Lake
and the upper end of Black Lake. The second subbasin was the area
feeding directly to Black Lake with the lake area considered separately.
The third and last subbasin was the area between Black Lake and Big
Salt Lake. An infiltration rate of 0.05 Inch per hour was assumed and
base flow for each area was the estimated mean annual flow for the sub-
basin elevation and area. The outflow from Black Bear Lake was lagged
30 minutes to account for the travel to Black Lake, and the outflow
from Black Lake was lagged 1 hour and 20 minutes for the travel to Big
Salt Lake.
B-20
-
-
-
-
. .. ,
-
," ..
....
-
_.
-
I I ,
Z -Q ..
:::J t-O < .&:
!:: .... co
Q. Q)
.&: (J U w .5 a:
Q. -
-~ d I Q) N co ..... .... .. -.
:J
() -~
0
..J
lL
.i t i , 1 1 i I j I I I j , I j t ~ I i ,j.
21 24
.2
.4
.8
.8
1
760
600
260
o +-----~~----~------+_----~------~------+_----~~----~----~ o 3 8 9 12 16 18 21 24
TIME (hours )
BLACK BEAR LAKE PLATE 11
100 YEAR PRECIPITATION AND INFLOW HYDROGRAPH CH2M
II Hill
t
In order to route the flow through Black Lake, aerial photos were used
to estimate a channel width at the outflow of Black Lake. The weir
head discharge relationship with a discharge coefficient of 2.6 was used
with a 30-foot-wide rectangular channel and a constant lake area of
83 acres to estimate the outflow rating shown in Table 5.
Active
Storage
(Acre-Feet)
44
70
98
155
286
Table 5.
Black Lake Outflow Rating
(Natural Channel Outlet)
Active
Discharge Storage
(cfs) ( Acre-Feet)
30 455
60 596
100 722
200 946
500 1,330
Discharge
(cfs)
1,000
1,500
2,000
3,000
5,000
Table 6 shows the various parameters used for each subbasin, and the
100-year peak flow at each location.
As a check on the computed 100-year peak flows, Reference 7 was used
to estimate 100-year flows based on a U.S.C.S. regional study. Both
sets of flows are tabulated below.
Table 7.
100-Yr. Flows
Location
Black Bear Lake Inflow
Black Bear Lake Outflow
Upper End of Black Lake Inflow
Lower End of Black Lake Inflow
Black Lake Outflow
Big Salt Lake Inflow
Cumulative
100-Year Peak Flows
Computed U.S.C.S.
Flows Flows
(cfs) (cfs)
1,030 970
400 440
1,740 2,540
3,320 3,170
2,670 2,430
7,400 6,610
The agreement between the two methods is very good, especially when
considering the routing by the two lakes. Appendix D contains the
computer printout from the HEC-l computer run for the 100-year flows.
Flood Frequency Curves
Flood frequency curves were developed for Black Bear Lake and the
three downstream basins. These curves are used to estimate 10, 20,
B-22
-
-
--
-
-
-
-..
.. -
-
-
-
,
j • I I I j I
Table 6.
100-Year Flood Derivation
Incremental
Total Unit H~drogra~h
Drainage Area Time to Peak Peak Base Flow
(Miles) Hours) (efs) (efs)
Black Bear Lake
Total Inflow 1.82 .25 2,943 30
Black Bear Lake
Routed Outflow
Black Lake Inflow
at Upper End 6.30 .75 2,891 46
Black Lake Inflow
o:s at Lower End 7.39 .33 1,394 8 I
N w
Black Bear Lake
Routed Outflow
Big Salt Lake
I nflow from Stream 17.46 1.67 2,924 60
*The 100-year peak flows at these subbasins include the flows from the above subbasln(s).
I j I
100-Year Peak
Flow
1,030
400
2,740*
3,320
2,670
7,400*
SO, and 100-year recurrence flood events. Since 100-year floods were
already calculated (see previous section), these values were Included in
the curve development.
Peak flow data from nearby stream gages were plotted as frequency
curves using the Welbull plotting position formula. From these curves,
peak 10, 20, SO, and 100-year recurrence flows were plotted versus the
basin drainage area for each gage.
An envelope curve was drawn for maximum flows for each frequency.
The envelope curves were found to be approximately parallel straight
lines. The 100-year flows computed for Black Bear Lake and the down-
stream areas were also plotted on the envelope curve for comparison
with the maximum 100-year peak flows of the area. These computed
flows formed a straight line which was parallel to the envelope curve
for the area. The 10, 20, and 50-year envelope curves for locations
along the drainage from Black Bear Lake were drawn parallel to the
100-year flow curve for the same drainage. Spacing was determined by
spacings between' the various frequency envelope curves for the other
gages. Flow values for the 10, 20, 50, and 100-year recurrence inter-
vals were obtained from the curves and were plotted in the form of flood
frequency curves for each of the desired locations along the drainage
from Black Bear Lake. The flood frequency curves for Black Bear Lake
outlet, Black Lake inlet, Black Lake outlet, and Big Salt Lake 'inlet are
shown on Plate 12.
A s a check on these flood frequency curves, the U. S. G • S. flood frequency
method (Ref. 7) was used to compute ten-year peak flow for Black Bear
Lake. This flow was within seven percent of the value shown on Plate 12.
These curves are based on undeveloped conditions. Regulation of flow
at Black Bear Lake or at downstream locations could significantly alter
flood peaks.
Reservoir Routing for Spillway Design
The probable maximum flood ,(see Plate 10) was selected for the spillway
design flood. This design Is to insure full hydraulic spillway protection
of the dam to prevent overtopping of the dam. The design of the spill-
way to pass the PMF is determined by the shape, width and elevation of
the spillway crest. The following assumptions were made prior to deter-
mining the required spillway width:
o
o
o
Ogee Crest Shape
Discharge coefficient, C, of 3.95
Q = CLH 3/2 , where
Q = discharge, cfs
C = discharge coefficient
L = length of spillway crest, ft.
H = total head on spillway, ft.
B-24
-
-
-
-,
-
...
"
... --
...
-
-
-
-rn -I (,) )-
I
0
8
7
6
5
4
3
2.
1,0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3.
2
. , t t i I -:t • l I j "
99 98 95 90 80 40 30 20 0.5 0.2 0.10.05 0.01 10 .. --9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
·f
1
-.9
8
7
6
5
--. . -
3
, __ .... __ .2 F:'E!E . +~ t ·I+j~ i-+H++ i' P
90 95 98 99 99.899.9 99.99
o
o
A maximum water depth of six feet is allowed over the
spillway.
The spillway crest elevation is 1,715 feet.
The 72-hour PMF and 200 cfs base flow were routed through the reser-
voir for spillway widths ranging from 30 to 50 feet. The 200 cfs base
flow produces a depth of water over the spillway and was used as the
condition at the beginning of the routing. This depth varies from about
1.11 to 1.0 feet, depending on the spillway width used.
The 72-hour PMF has a volume of 11,250 acre-feet and the unimpounded
lake has a surface area of 192 acres. The storage volume Is a function
of the elevation of the water surface and was computed by assuming 1: 1
side slopes on the banks of the lake. The routing was accomplished by
using the U. S. A rmy Corps of Engineers computer program, H EC-l
(Ref. 6). The output of this mathematical model is in Appendix E and
was used to make Plate 13. This plate shows the peak outflow and the
peak depth of water above the spillway crest for varying spillway
widths. The 30-foot ogee crest spillway will pass the 72-hour PMF at a
peak flow of about 1,700 cfs and maintain a peak outflow depth of less
than six feet.
Plate 111 shows the inflow and routed outflow PMF hydrographs for a
30-foot wide spillway. The peak outflow is 2,000 cfs less than the peak
inflow and occurs about one and one-half hours later.
Low Flow Frequency
The 7.111, and 30-day low flows for Black Bear Lake were based on "the
low flow frequency of nearby gaging stations. The developed low flow
frequency curves were divided by drainage area. The slopes of the
corresponding 7, 111, and 30-day lines were fairly constant. The differ-
ence of flow divided by drainage area between the duration lines for a
given recurrence interval was also quite steady. There was not a
strong correlation between the magnitude of the low flow and the mean
basin elevation. However, low flows at the higher elevations tended to
be slightly greater than those at lower elevations. Unfortunately, none
of the nearby gaged basins approach the elevation of the Black Bear
Lake basin. Since the basin is mostly rock, there is less opportunity
to sustain greater low flows since there is little ground water to be
released. Additionally, the very high elevation of the basin may cause
almost complete freezing of movable water in the winter. Therefore,
the low flow frequency curves for Black Bear Lake take the form of the
lowest curves from the nearby gages. For computation purposes, a low
flow of 0.1 cfst mi was assumed to be the 7-day, 25-year low flow of
the area. The curves were drawn based on the slopes of the curves
from the nearby stations. Th~ low flow frequency curves of 7, lIJ, and
30-day duration for Black Bear Lake are shown on Plate 15.
B-26
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
t, -. -
-
.. ...
....
-
-
......
-
,-
~
I-
W
W
U. -3: o
..oJ
U.
U. o
::t
~
W
Q
2
::l
2 -x
c(
:IE
8.0 4-------------~~------------~--------------~
=
1880 cta
6.6 4---------------~----~------~--------------+ K OUTFLOW =
1783 efa
PEAK OUTFLOW =
1788 ct.
--PEAK OUTF W =
18 1 ct.
5.0 +--------------r--------------~~----------4
K OUTFLOW =
1881 ct.
PEAK 0 FLOW:
1818 ct. --
4.5~------------_4--------------~------------4
30 40 50
SPILL WAY WIDTH (FEET)
SPILLWAY DESIGN CURVE
B-27 PLATE 13
Gi2M I: HILL
GOOO
4000
3000
-.
()
CD
CI) 2000 .... --.
:::J
c:I ()
I
N -00 ;:
0 1000
-I
U.
o
----'INFLOW
PEA ~ FLOW = 4000 cfs
PMF VOLUME 1= 4250 ae re -feet
)) ~~, ROUTE I ~ OUTFLO W FOR
30 FT. WIDE SPIL ~WAY
\ '. PEAK F LOW = 1« 80 cfs
~ ",,"" '.........-. j
.",." ""'--~----1---_ I""" 1/ _ ----1------1,---
o 8 18 24 32 40 48 G8 84
TIME ( hours )
BLACK BEAR LAKE PLATE 14
PROBABLE MAXIMUM FLOOD
INFLOW & OUTFLOW HYDROGRAPHS CHlM
II HILL
72
10
9
B
7
6
5
4
3
99.99
.;-.
. 1a
. t:=:t::-
.:-+-
... ~~= .
j--
' .. + t-
. ;
t I
99.999.8 99 98 95 90 80 70 60 50 40 30
~. . c r-t-W: c ccc:f: t::: '.c:t:t:!=t= .
1==1-==· . . ';l .~:-,:
II ~.. ; 12~ Cll)·
. 8~Lj,~Jil·
I I j I
468043
20 10 5 2
.. f-:c.
. c:
--.
I--
+.::::1. tl tttm:J=t:l=I=l=t···.~. -:..:.~
111'=
. -: '.: ' ..
1--.. ':-1-:-:--
of--t--
I
0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.01
.. 1= ..
._ ..
--r== ~=
i--~ --
I-I--
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
_ 2.
+ .' 1~+H~HH44~~-~~4+HH~H4+~-+-4·+-~ttrH·+-.2
C' en ......
tp en
I-N ()
1.0
+-+++jr+ll---++-+-++++-+-1+-++l+I'-l-l---l-+++-+-+-H++++mIH--l_H++++-t+t~t-~+jH'++H+++-1H-++t+ H+t+t+t~ ~ --~ ~c-~ -~+-~+H++· - -..... -t+H-t-+-j---t!-----l
.4 f:!ij .. 1:::--=--=~= .
. -1::::--1111 .~~~ = -=:£ .~ ~.
... '1 .~-~..:..t.:.--
. -1--. -' I--I--.2 .--1-..
-1--1----
1-1-1-1-.
I
--jl-l--+++t+ I-I--J---++ 1-1-·-1--'-++1 -I---/--
• 1 I
om 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5
j -
It
==EE
~=.'
-=t--t--~ ::ct==
. -==~.:.:.. . -
--j-_I::=
: f--=r-=-
I-I-
==~-~··--·I~~~4+~~~.
-1--
---.-1-
.--._-
i-t--o .1-
2 5 10 20
!i~·
30 40 50 60
.... 1' ..
r-=·: =t===:: ..
1-·
. I=~-:--..
/--. ·I-/--
i' .-t--
j--.
.. '--
=I-r=:.
Ff::::-= .. 1:=
t-
' ... I-
-·-'1-··
C-._ .
t+t~"-H-+-t-· --I-I--IH++-~t+++-t-+--+-
".. f -1-..
..•• . . ... ..--.... I
-t--tt-t'l'li..l-H--1~l ~ . b . ; I II ~' __ ~..;
1+l-4-1-i+~J.~" .~..,_ . Ih. _ I ~
·l-+IHtH+t-H""~+-l" ---f'I'I\.-... +--1++++-1--.. ..
'~I-
-/--
-t--
8
t::--7
5
I-
3
j----.
2
!++++1+t+ . "" ~1'\,;,2'-!\.. --. i--I-+-~J.~+~+~~~~~,.~I~'·~~~l~~-~-~I-~~-l-~~
70 80 90 95 98 99 99.8 99.9 99.99
EVAPORATION
Evaporation from a free-water surface is controlled by a number of inter-
dependence factors: temperature of the water and air, wind, atmospheric
pressure, quality of the water, and the nature and shape of the water
surface. Because of such interdependence, a high correlation between
evaporation and anyone of the controlling parameters cannot be expected
(Ref. 8).
Due to the dominating maritime influence, the climate of the Black Bear
Lake basin is mild and humid with much precipitation. Prevailing winds
bring rain and, therefore, have I ittle or no capacity to remove water
vapor produced by evaporation. The predominance of overcast days
and relatively cool temperatures also precludes any appreciable evapora-
tion losses. Evaporation virtually ceases in mid-winter when Black Bear
Lake freezes over.
The nearest Weather Bureau station for which evaporation data are avail-
able is located at the Juneau airport. As shown below, average monthly
evaporation losses totalling 15.91 inches were observed at Juneau between
1968 and 1977 (Ref. 9).
~
3.30
Table 8.
Average Monthly Evaporation Losses, Juneau Airport
(Inches)
June
3.76
~
3.98
August
3.47
September
1.40
Total
15.91
These are pan evaporation values and are not representative of evapor-
ation from a large free-water surface such as a lake or reservoir. An
assumed annual Class A pan coefficient of 0.70 (Ref. 10) gives an
estimated equivalent annual lake evaporation of 11.14 inches.
The annual evaporation loss at Black Bear Lake is probably less than at
Juneau because of a higher annual precipitation and lower average annual
temperatures. Therefore, it is estimated that the mean annual evaporation
losses in the project area range from six to eleven inches.
B-30
--
-
-,
-
-
-.
... '
-
...
...
-
-.. -.. -----.~-.. ----------------------
. -
.---
.-
-
-
SEDIMENTATION
The Black Bear Lake basin is in steep rock and talus slopes and has
very little soil cover. Vegetation is sparse and covers only about
50 percent of the basin, primarily at the lower elevations. Trees cover
only about 10 percent of the basin. There are several small snowmelt
streams in the basin •
Available sediment data for Alaska streams do not include measurements
for small basins such as Black Bear Lake. However, these sediment
observations indicate that suspended sediment is not a significant problem
in basins not containing active glaciers. Published reports (Ref. 1, 11)
indicate sediment yields of Alaska streams ranging from 0.1 to 5.1 acre-feet
per square mile per year. The higher value is for a drainage area with
a glacier cover of 22 percent.
Because there are no glaciers in the Black Bear Lake basin, the suspended
sediment production rate is expected to be at the low end of the reported
range. The sedimentation rate for the 1. 5-square-mi Ie land portion of
the basin is estimated to be about 0.15 acre-foot per year.
Bedload portions of material entering Black Bear Lake would consist
mainly of rockslides and rockfall accompanying the normal weathering
process. There are a number of old rockslides around the lake. None
appear to be very recent, and the talus slopes appear to be stable.
Vegetation has been re-established in the major rockslide areas. The
accumulation of rock is most likely to occur as the result of mechanical
weathering, particularly frost wedging in the bedrock formation. In
any given year it is possible for a significant quantity of sliderock to
be carried into the lake. However, since there is no evidence of this
having taken place recently, the average annual sediment contribution
due to slide hazard is relatively small. It is estimated that the sediment-
ation rate due to rocksl ides and ava lanches is about 0.2 acre-foot per
square mile per year, for an annual total of 0.3 acre-foot for the
1 • 5-squa re-mi Ie basin.
In the higher elevations of the study area, snow depths in excess of
20 feet may be reached. Snows of these magnitudes build up on the
steep slopes of the drainage basin until enough weight is accumulated to
overcome the shear friction in the snow and create an avalanche. The
exact critical angle of repose depends on the temperature, wetness, and
shape of the snow grains. There is evidence that avalanches occur
with regularity at a number of locations in the Black Bear Lake basin
and are apt to occur at any susceptible location. It can be assumed
that all treeless slopes, gullies, and bowls steeper than about 30° are
possible avalanche paths (Ref. 12). An avalanche carries with it any
debris, such as rocks and vegetation, in its path. Debris drops out
continuously. The amount of sediment annually borne into Black Bear
Lake by avalanches is probably small. It is assumed to be included in
the amount estimated as the annual contribution due to rockslides.
B-31
The total annual sediment production rate for the Black Bear Lake basin
is estimated to be 0.5 acre-foot. This results from a suspended sediment
deposition rate of 0.1 acre-foot per square mile per year and a bedload
or rockslide and avalanche contribution rate of 0.2 acre-foot per square
mile per year for the 1.5-square-mile-basin.
B-32
-
-
.' -
-
-
-
-. -
-
..... -.-. -
-
,. ..
REFERENCES
1. U.S. Department of the Interior, Alaska Power Administration,
Takatz Creek Project, Alaska, Juneau, September 1967.
2. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center,
HEC-4, Monthly Streamflow Simulation, February 1971 •
3. U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau Hydrometeorological
Report No. 43, Probab Ie Maximum Precipitation, Northwest States,
Washington, D.C., November 1966.
4. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Design of
Small Dams, Washington, D.C., 1977.
5. U. S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, T. P. 47, Probable
Maximum Precipitation and Rainfall-frequency Data for Alaska,
Washington, D.C., 1963.
6. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center,
HEC-l Flood Hydrograph Package, January 1973.
7. U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigations, R. D.
Lamke, Open-file Report #78-129, Flood Characteristics of Alaskan
Streams, 1978.
8. Veihmeyer, F. J., IIEvapotranspiration ll in Handbook of Applied
Hydrology, V. T. Chow, ed., New York: MCGraw-Rill, 1964.
9. U. S. Department of Commerce, National Climatic Center, Clima-
tological Data for Alaska, annual summaries 1968-1977.
10. Linsley, R. K., Jr., M. A. Kohler, and J. L. H. Paulhus,
Hydrology for Engineers, 2nd Ed., New York: McGraw-Hili,
1975.
11. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District, Rivers and Harbors
in Alaska, Interim Feasibilitk ReKort on Hydroelectric Power and
Related Purposes for Ketchi an rea, Alaska, 1978.
12. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Avalanche Handbook,
November 1978.
B-33
-
-
-
APPENDIX A
'. -
-
I j t ,
TYp[ [tDL, SUi
A ItLACK BEAF: LAt;E
MONTHLY STREAMFLOW SIMULATION
I I I j
A
A GENERATE 434 YEARS OF DATA--DIVIDE 5TREAMFLOWS ItY 10 TO OBTAIN ACTUAL STREAMFLOWS
B
C·
1916 10 1 62 434 62 1
1-11001916
Hl001917
H1001918
Hl001919
H1001920
Hl001921
Hl001922
Hl001923
Hl001924
Hl001925
Hl001926
Hl001927
Hl001928
Hl001929
Hl001930
Hl001931
Hl001932
Hl001933
Hl001934
Hl001935
Hl001936
Hl001937
Hl001938
Hl001939
Hl001940
Hl001941
Hl001942
Hl001943
Hl001944
Hl001945
Hl001946
Hl001947
Hl001948
Hl001949
Hl001950
i-il001951
Hl0019S2
Hl0019S3
Hl001954
Hl0019S5
Hl0019S6
Hl001957
Hl001958
Hl001959
Hl001960
Hl001961
Hl001962
Hl001963
Hl001964
Hl001965
Hl001966
Hl001967
558
304
491
556
179
462
635
435
311
448
298
479
378
337
590
506
444
352
401
266
259
367
372
407
540
280
477
5,,1
257
718
522
423
466
569
780
320
371
380
601
571
561
490
310
659
541
745
726
396
565
651
554
475
499
386
1012
411
293
265
311
561
587
450
408
153
135
259
412
449
174
368
554
292
263
449
149
270
418
344
479
424
461
301
181
272
233
355
466
239
242
254
402
379
231
427
414
306
428
279
314
379
293
314
202
190
310
157
167
237
209
187
307
154
343
144
513
334
163
257
152
529
145
149
64
221
351
167
223
256
327
226
141
241
284
197
138
244
271
195
101
299
203
220
364
385
82
352
249
242
460
314
277
354
277
143
242
216
03
50
66
98
84
52
71
23
87
64
125
51
84
71
04
82
74
101
61
45
05
83
89
11
60
75
84
93
74
95
96
96
64
04
75
81
16
50
87
09
05
91
23
83
68
143
72
94
04
88
62
43
61
65
15
54
123
07
102
(lJ
13
105
75
64
12
74
89
92
13
61
67
06
29
69
62
43
07
10
105
10
66
18
20
34
62
80
45
69
121
123
78
56
44
51
64
15
108
03
101
101
103
41
116
59
12
~~4
57
14
07
74
75
11
73
32
71
104
80
41
25
26
57
19
10
62
51
11
12
62
54
75
07
07
72
86
07
35
19
44
81
35
82
26
21
47
34
06
86
121
22
53
27
14
08
102
05
171
121
168
158
100
90
166
168
175
160
208
138
121
66
121
175
09
132
146
79
99
141
190
210
119
115
173
180
13)
125
158
173
009
304
183
162
214
170
152
174
174
155
174
130
185
170
196
146
144
131
62
64
415
303
407
451
452
274
477
499
590
323
550
284
511
lO3
289
495
430
215
276
486
492
291
443
521
472
277
338
444
556
151
121
321
200
4/8
553
354
410
533
37~
525
563
359
542
333
373
315
250
328
315
440
721
491
398
566
315
357
456
606
148
276
230
538
661
220
233
520
589
300
497
501
607
584
361
531
561
363
559
505
153
14:?
491
640
167
546
413
600
329
661
5~1
334
517
631
734
460
167
395
499
496
.591
668
353
379
649
409
303
300
244
106
42
3J5
75
67
264
430
372
122
260
358
303
132
348
332
284
182
250
311
218
208
169
260
77
426
234
440
302
263
176
396
483
353
319
251
250
142
276
228
126
282
461
I 189
247
391
313
60
100
501
159
557
303
158
753
104
130
335
196
159
135
219
157
468
36
296
175
338
02
278
186
204
67
296
479
63
115
249
204
16
194
297
203
251
370
174
274
172
00
462
562
172
461
259
144
380
200
08
434
122
250
472
349
337
138
270
345
394
"'",23
302
611
70
86
416
277
43
340
238
513
270
259
136
258
319
434
445
195
348
205
381
304
450
404
476
611
713
524
194
571
498
206
323
167
219
347
346
:?17
265
421
693
284
45
496
558
I j I 1 I 1
..
Hl001968
Hl001969
Hl001970
Hl001971
Hl001972
Hl001973
Hl001974
Hl001975
Hl001976
Hl001977
I
A
B
'i'B'i'
.1': HEC4
488 173
641 434
274 807
494 53
501 393
507 214
449 117
888 521
269 253
341 294
248 90 29
107 09 32
333 73 75
182 14 91
155 37 86
186 88 27
252 42 96
361 77 59
335 112 16
335 17 120
SPECIFY INPUT DEVICE/FILENAME )EtBL.SIH
SPECIFY OUTPUT DEVICE/FILENAME )BBL.OUT
~FRSAPR Inteser overflow
~FRSAPR InteSer overflow
TYPE BBL.OUT
STOP
END OF EXECUTION
PC= 154560
PC= 1'54560
CPU TIME: 10.30 ELAPSED TIME: 1:10.17
EXIT
.1
BLACK BEAr~ LAK!:.
MONTHLY STREAMFLOW SIMULATION
7~i 230 238 273 211 293 547
23 200 311 390 3/0 293 146
31 206 590 757 470 351 549
60 174 323 448 126 289 252
79 189 437 503 260 412 236
77 107 614 722 398 184 586
06 159 593 733 242 133 207
16 130 405 500 33l 176 266
7'7 178 597 502 325 330 377
52 155 233 610 357 95 215
GENERATE 434 YEARS OF DATA--~IVIDE STREAMFLOWS BY 10 TO OEtTAIN ACTUAL ST
lYRA IMNTH IANAL MXRCS NYRG NYMXG NPASS IPCHQ IPCHS NSTA NCOMB NTNDM NCSTY IGNRL NPROJ IYRPJ MTHPJ LYRPJ
1916 10 1 62 434 62 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I) 0 0 0
MAXIMUM VOLUMES OF RECORDED FLOWS
STA 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l-MO 6""MO"
100 888 1012 529 143 123 121 304 721 " "7":17 501 753 713 1012 3343
MINIMUM VOLUMES
STA 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [) 9 l-MO 6-MO
100 179 53 64 3 3 "" ..J 9 121 142 42 El 43 3 574
FREQUENCY STATISTICS
STA ITEM 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
54-NO
16660
~;-\-i'1O
11598
9
100 MEAN 2.656 2. ~i03 2.361 1,6'13 1.6{,1 1.551 2.155 2.587 2. (,40 2.387 2.296 2.404
f , !' , f , T , f I , , f I f , f , f , f , f 1 ~ J f" , f , .. ,
Al.I MO
260
Al.I MO
1 , 1 l' I I
t j I j l l t 1 t , t t t I t I J I j I t i I i I I j I
SUI I1EV 0.138 0.203 0.181 0.402 0.378 0.368 O. 197 O. 1 ~'j"7 0.182 0:235 0.364 0.249
SKEW -0.378 -0.771 -0.514 -1.560 -1.050 -0.626 -'3.000 -0.857 --j .11<) -1.160 -1.766 -1, '327
INCRHT 4.71 '3.48 2.46 0.64 0.60 0.47 1152 4.06 4.66 2.72 2.4'1 3,44
YEARS 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62
1
RAW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR MONTH 10
STA 100
WITH CURRENT MONTH
100 1.000
100 0.186
RAW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR MONTH 11
STA 100
WITH CURRENT MONTH
100 1.000
WITH PRECEDING MONTH AT ABOVE STATION
100 0.020
RAW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR MONTH 12
STA 100
WITH CURRENT MONTH
100 1.000
WITH PRECEliING MONTH AT ABOVE STATION
100 0.038
RAW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR MONTH 1 ....
STA 100
WITH CURRENT MONTH
100 1.000
WITH PRECEDING MONTH AT ABOVE STATION
100 0.259
RAW CORRELATION COEFfICIEN1S FOR MONTH 2
STA 100
WITH CURRENT MONTH
100 1.000
WITH PRECEliING MONTH AT ABOVE STATION
100 -0.216
RAW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR MONTH '3
STA 100
WITH CURRENT MONTH
100 1.000
WITH PRECEliING MON1H AT AbOVE STATION
100 -0.524
1
f
HAW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR MONTH 4
STA 100
WITH CURREUT HOUTH
100 1.000
WITH PRECEIIING HONTH AT ABOVE STATION
100 -0.048
F~AW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR HOIHH .,-.,
STA 100
WITH CURRENT HOIHH
100 1.000
WITH PRECEDIUG HOUTH AT ABOVE STATION
100 0.134
RAW CORRELATIOU COEFFICIEUTS FOR HON"IH 6
STA 100
WITH CURRENT MONTH
100 1.000
WITH PRECEIIING MOUTH AT ABOVE STATION
100 0.078
RAW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR MONTH 7
STA 100
WITH CURRENl MON1H
100 1.000
100 0.342
WITH PRECEDING MONTH AT ABOVE STATION
HAW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR HOUTH 8
STA 100
WITH CURRENT MONTH
100 1.000
100 -0.143
WITH PRECEDING MON1H AT ABOVE STATION
RAW CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS FOR MONTH 9
STA 100
WITH CURRENT MONTH
100 1.000
WITH PRECEIIING MONTH AT ABOVE STATION
100 -0.121
F~ECORIIED AND RECONSTITUTEII FLOWS
STA YEAR 10 11 12 1 2 3
100 1916 558 49('-310 3 43 59
100 1917 304 386 157 50 61 12
100 1918 491 1012 167 66 65 24 , -~ , .. 1 r , , , , , f I f ,
'.
4 '5 6 7 8 9 TOTAL ....
171 415 390 303 159 349 3267
121 303 566 300 557 337 3234
168 407 315 244 303 138 3400 ....
f , , I , I , , r 1 , , ~ I .it'! J I , 1
~ . .~
1
1
100 1919
100 1920
100 1921
100 1922
100 1923
100 1924
100 1925
100 1926
100 1927
100 1928
100 1929
100 1930
100 1931
100 1932
100 1933
100 1934
100 1935
100 1936
100 1937
tOO 1938
100 1939
100 1940
100 1941
100 1942
100 1943
100 1944
100 1945
100 1946
100 1947
100 1948
100 1949
100 1950
100 1951
100 1952
100 1953
100 1954
100 1955
100 1956
100 1957
100 1958
100 1959
100 1960
100 1961
100 1962
100 1963
100 1964
100 1965
100 1966
100 1967
100 1968
100 1969
100 1970
100 1971
100 1972
100 1973
100 1974
100 1975
100 1976
100 1977
556
179
462
635
435
311
448
298
479
378
337
590
506
444
352
401
266
259
367
372
407
540
280
477
541
257
718
522
423
466
569
780
320
371
380
601
571
561
490
310
659
541
745
726
396
565
651
554
475
488
641
274
494
501
'507
449
888
269
341
,
411
293
265
311
561
587
450
408
153
135
259
412
449
174
368
554
292
263
H9
149
270
418 .
344
479
424
461
301
181
272
233
355
466
239
242
254
402
379
231
427
414
306
42B
279
314
379
293
314
202
190
173
434
B07
53
393
21.,
117
521
253
294
237
209
187
307
154
343
144
513
334
163
257
152
529
145
149
64
221
351
167
223
256
327
226
141
241
2B4
197
138
244
271
195
101
299
203
220
364
3B5
B2
352
249
242
460
314
277
354
277
143
242
216
248
107
333
182
155
186
252
361
33~
335
98
84
52
71
23
B7
64
125
51
84
71
4
82
74
53
101
61
45
5
83
B9
11
60
75
84
93
74
95
96
96
64
4
75
81
16
50
87
9
91
23
83
60
143
72
94
B4
88
62
90
9
73
14
37
B8
42
77
112
17
15
54
123
7
102
13
105
75
64
12
74
89
92
13
61
67
6
29
69
62
43
7
10
j05
jO
66
10
20
34
62
80
45
69
121
123
78
56
44
51
64
15
lOB
3
101
101
103
41
116
29
32
75
91
86
27
96
59
16
120
57
14
7
74
75
11
73
32
77
104
80
41
25
26
57
19
10
62
51
11
12
62
54
75
7
87
72
06
07
35
19
44
81
35
B2
26
21
47
34
6
86
121
22
53
27
14
o
102
5
75
23
31
60
79
77
6
16
77
52
i ,
158
100
90
166
168
175
160
208
138
121
66
121
17::'
B9
132
146
79
·99
141
190
210
119
115
173
180
137
125
158
173
9
304
103
162
214
170
152
174
174
155
174
130
185
170
1'16
146
144
131
62
64
2'3('
20()
206
174
189
107
159
130
17B
155
I
451
452
274
477
499
590
323
550
284
511
183
289
.0195
430
215
276
486
492
291
443
521
472
2TJ
338
444
556
151
121
321
200
478
553
3::'4
.0110
533
375
525
563
359
542
333
373
315
250
328
315
440
721
491
238
311
598
323
437
614
593
405
597
233
1 I
357
456
606
148
276
230
538
661
220
233
520
589
300
497
501
607
584
361
531
561
363
559
50S
153
142
491
640
167
546
413
600
329
661
551
:rH
517
631
734
460
167
395
499
496
'591
668
3~3
319
649
409
273
390
757
440
503
722
733
'500
502
610
l j
1(16
42
335
75
67
264
430
372
122
260
358
303
132
348
332
284
102
250
'311
::;>10
208
169
260
77
426
234
440
382
263
116
396
483
353
319
251
250
142
276
220
126
282
461
189
247
391
313
68
loa
'501
211
378
470
126
260
398
2.012
337
325
357
i j
1'5B
}:;'3
104
130
335
196
159
135
219
157
468
36
296
175
338
82
27B
186
204
67
296 ',")
63
115
249
204
16
194
297
203
251
310
174
274
172
8
462
562
172
461
259
144
300
200
8
434
122
250
472
2'73
293
351
289
412
lB4
133
176
330
95
I j
270
345
394
423
302
611
78
86
416
277
43
340
238
'513
270
259
136
250
319
434
44'5
195
MO
20~
301
304
450
404
476
611
713
524
194
571
.,98
286
323
167
219
347
3.,6
317
26~
'<;21
693
28.,
45
496
'5'58
547
1.,6
'549
252
236
506
207
266
377
215
t J I
2874
2981
2979
2824
2997
3488
2800
3493
2560
2487
2654
2951
3316
3007
2780
2854
2662
2632
2865
2820
3139
3394
2539
2318
3224
3118
3250
2466
3210
2747
4006
3917
2957
334B
3031
3154
3778
3462
2945
2938
3125
3627
3351
3421
3563
3107
2400
3515
3559
2895
2964
4524
2506
3288
3710
3029
3736
3371
2824
GENERATED FlO~S FOR PERIOD 1
STA
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
lOO
100
100 ,
YEAR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
5~
". " ........
56
57
I
10
444
295
485
288
540
762
206
412
207
420
495
490
612
577
339
411
493
587
458
427
493
483
460
537
366
880
623
692
638
382
283
347
441
405
494
572
506
564
283
783
421
681
416
266
497
410
394
637
513
719
175
412
356
671
349
345
321
J
11
314
321
261
1£)9
324
155
362
298
289
203
107
775
303
113
369
237
311
372
223
307
225
292
159
430
185
316
614
163
422
473
182
318
220
552
118
371
344
383
286
463
431
511
630
145
348
579
495
260
266
553
397
119
415
275
377
444
625
I f
12
229
168
244
266
184
309
310
266
440
193
172
140
157
137
155
196
309
280
42
528
293
229
276
97
201
164
268
265
375
386
266
143
304
215
381
159
374
187
145
255
256
385
182
143
317
164
165
258
359
116
1 ~j6
151
232
200
177
364
239 ,
1
1
7
26
34
86
94
55
12
75
24
45
28
101
9
127
65
82
48
90
131
135
53
9
90
31
17
132
133
43
94
21
78
55
59
84
49
151
72
45
8
89
75
49
37
110
127
94
Bl
93
46
23
21
32
31
144
45
40
r ,
2
16
13
51
101
68
71
97
12
30
l31
54
06
60
109
16
21
103
15
36
134
17
22
116
65
9
94
60
12
3
39
38
22
103
23
15i.
89
80
43
101
156
31
77
69
13
11
3:4
27
46
105
52
92
45
92
34
193
34
99
r 1 f ,
3
92
22
31
42
14
82
9
94
50
8
43
11
53
1
20
97
12
63
76
8
61
114
8
99
144
19
44
46
99
52
31
52
21
64
27
15
94
109
8
7
56
84
34
16
76
25
55
20
22
58
2B
29
23
43
21
B7
59
f ,
4
. 11
106
191
172
170
171
145
126
118
140
185
66
183
150
190
174
192
91
189
88
187
141
185
164
56
175
104
192
159
192
145
192
184
117
134
187
192
180
139
107
104
182
105
59
165
184
112
188
192
190
175
88
192
150
9B
15D
179 , ,
5
223
423
536
347
356
562
434
sse
288
'21)7
tBO
350
58B
741
474
347
479
287
260
316
434
536
227
534
240
604
346
446
212
334
383
442
422
324
417
536
635
64B
538
169
19B
236
475
314
'550
SB2
320
493
469
317
229
288
374
530
577
266
5~4
f ,
6
305
241
212
639
420
307
277
2BB
451
600
685
659
23J
596
610
308
376
569
390
254
729
686
465
431
569
512
663
601
500
592
281
302
438
657
602
380
554
4B9
549
274
805
93
335
320
483
619
331
506
619
746
387
217
277
168
695
781
403
r I
7
84
136
480
306
459
193
324
241
107
230
280
405
163
lB2
344
154
130
256
14B
296
456
283
143
140
409
436
126
434
37~
342
392
109
349
374
245
65
561
244
343
398
298
109
132
118
4'57
193
178
'i'6
384
297
302
335
198
116
454
464
319 ,
B
402
350
159
128
143
262
414
310
112
Ol.
326
1:77
203
217
282
204
241
370
lB7
257
109
328
392
173
118
24B
274
451.
344
139
61
423
50
293
110
473
56
476
41
292
224
359
26~
226
lOS
171
498
100
28
3bB
203
7
230
422
328
505
19
f ,
9
56
627
102
185
368
36
632
311
522
466
411
350
357
166
433
233
111
179
491
480
375
405
187
336
404
581
312
431
236
218
SOl
285
364
176
226
529
164
336
377
460
393
176
224
298
623
615
238
494
294
126
27"3
556
SOB
43B
~71
1:73
446
J
TOTAL
225l
2789
277B
2697
3140
3004
3265
2936
2689
2798
3003
3:;?':~
3017
2998
3357
2447
2839
3117
2590
3226
3514
3572
2627
3096
2732
4046
3~{.6
3871
3406
3243
2584
2713
2951
32S?
2994
3425
3711
3731
2855
33i'2
3306
2968
2916
1955
37~jO
3703
2907
32~)9
3344
3~;8B
2440
2268
2929
3086
3984
3666
3303 ,
'.
1 1
I
1
1
100
100
100
100
100
58
59
60
61
62
l j
498
486
575
343
537
459
541
396
345
602
MAXIMUM VOLUMES FOR PERIOD
STA 10 11 12
100 880 775 528
MINIMUM VOLUMES
eTA 10 11
100 175 107
12
42
422
422
203
322
356
156
118
15
73
37
78
23
101
29
32
54
132
25
41
1 OF 62 YEARS OF SYNTHETIC FLOWS
12345
156 193 144 192 741
1
1
2
3
3
1
4
11
5
169
GENERATED FLOWS FOR PERIOD 2
STA YEAR
100 63
100 64
100 65
100 66
100 67
100 68
100 69
100 70
100 71
100 72
100 73
100 7~
1.00 75
100 76
100 77
100 78
100 79
100 80
100 81
100 82
100 83
100 84
100 85
100 86
100 87
100 88
100 89
100 90
100 91
100 92
100 93
100 94
100 95
100 96
100 97
100 98
100 99
100 100
100 101
100 102
100 103
100 104
10
386
436
360
755
429
427
663
639
400
861
372
646
253
511
471
419
487
379
824
228
446
596
395
396
370
376
603
326
413
269
390
716
293
451
525
594
461
540
251
535
841
385
11
330
296
214
611
417
371
334
245
303
479
404
152
256
194
488
256
456
79
559
292
344
277
178
157
278
419
611
188
347
500
463
486
413
509
123
212
594
206
263
682
225
215
12
535
366
119
430
294
137
131
214
155
288
379
179
136
221
323
223
158
352
379
247
300
147
360
400
308
280
308
146
160
259
247
226
162
188
193
156
196
434
202
251
190
107
1
98
110
70
138
48
48
106
74
19
19
27
53
55
113
92
73
130
29
113
100
31
7
72
103
130
55
5S
14
38
104
73
121
23
36
63
16
8
98
92
73
20
34
2
55
31
102
19
30
14
4
14
72
104
86
56
63
18
164
6
26
24
39
52
56
61
63
14
17
29
4
88
26
109
27
72
105
133
26
13
52
50
51
103
109
149
3
47
39
20
116
49
30
58
127
44
19
21
37
60
28
2
80
91
69
17
126
75
81
18
25
57
52
132
39
81
24
29
35
60
30
105
34
31
35
9
57
3
12
192
162
162
173
152
6
80.5
6
93
4
192
189
191
169
129
190
152
171
120
95
140
58
92
165
192
192
112
190
192
181
138
175
192
170
90
192
192
88
136
190
85
187
131
136
188
179
165
175
186
150
191
191
541
435
225
274
313
7
561
7
65
5
626
477
193
225
266
378
252
356
366
486
429
176
619
320
43'J
246
280
587
642
330
313
398
371
617
364
453
529
390
344
251
656
252
432
271
625
381
520
435
140
514
266
487
I j
373
371
~5S
500
611
8
505
8
7
6
284
228
523
348
172
507
660
565
398
441
428
481
484
734
354
328
642
479
740
522
449
307
608
661
573
240
277
5{'O
655
403
279
615
481
609
679
538
791
470
50{'
267
476
127
1 J
175
235
3<j13
258
213
<]
632
9
36
7
115
210
195
131
182
338
487
299
54
156
134
305
299
203
233
260
418
282
393
271
105
262
412
436
450
175
269
168
212
66
450
433
428
300
321
111
207
382
238
263
224
286
l J
311
478
310
216
146
l-MO
880
l-MO
1
8
305
51
114
421
475
486
84
319
60
137
266
56
436
404
159
109
23~
62
58
405
480
33
332
391
138
274
164
331
373
136
77
161
191
52
42
~65
385
317
186
90
289
301
l j
446
375
296
410
6-MO
3014
6-NO
413
54
9
298
369
284
214
265
266
390.
493
699
422
233
283
291
293
187
169
654
498
377
125
456
504
440
449
154
583
286
327
297
329
328
209
326
530
352
573
243
258
211
594
61
230
I j
3630
3J:i!.i
328:;
3040
3091
54-MO
17554
54-NO
11461
AI) MO
261
AV NO
TOTAL
3271
2802
2385
357,}
2756
3192
3321
3516
2690
3507
2919
~482
3044
3204
3102
2361
3686
3030
4333
2879
3193
2928
3441
3819
2929
3128
3430
2665
3002
2640
3104
3513
3045
3253
3242
3072
3653
3400
233~j
3579
2895
2524
\.
1
1
l.00
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
105
106
1v7
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
240
615
331
657
580
371
568
336
301
510
545
399
436
268
555
435
651
322
439
520
567
368
369
471
359
496
631
182
449
202
221
338
406
448
181
530
115
440
236
166
MAXIMUM VOLUMES FOR PERIOD
STA 10 11 12
100 861 682 535
MINIMUM VOLUMES
STA 10 11
100 228 79
12
87
272
310
87
226
243
390
159
109
150
227
197
301
192
452
221
212
126
470
202
256
2 OF
1
161
1
7
GENERATED FLOWS FOR PERIOD 3
1
STA YEAR
100 125
100 126
100 127
100 128
100 129
100 130
100 131
100 132
100 133
100 134
100 135
100 136
100 137
100 138
100 139
100 140
100 141
100 142
100 143
100 144
100 145
100 146
100 147
100 148
100 149
100 150
100 151
f 1
10
678
866
407
505
717
324
312
513
453
738
468
392
411
264
420
322
465
528
427
367
399
408
634
354
484
458
429
J
11
394
114
283
462
307
313
414
467
312
222
102
633
399
444
294
220
310
457
639
506
100
201
318
466
708
463
199
1
12
242
195
151
280
312
229
386
338
358
247
358
126
251
253
190
116
56
277
230
223
251
305
129
136
216
422
115
r 1
161
42
65
34
55
21
53
37
62
154
14
50
20
128
15
28
37
117
7
76
44
5
102
12'3
59
98
58
101
33
59
21
54
126
50
77
97
45
160
'"II:
"OJ
122
30
121
9
8
43
24
93
56
104
36
23
20
7
37
35
24
35
22
62 YEARS OF SYNTHETIC FLOWS
234 5
164 132 192 656
2
4
, 1
1
92
78
67
76
10
153
105
18
82
56
18
114
46
20
110
72
80
92
143
64
62
122
59
110
12
117
20
3
2
f 1
2
39
75
148
19
28
42
42
104
14
110
57
94
47
127
27
106
35
15
114
21
94
54
26
89
32
46
63
4
47
f 1
5
140
3
37
54
18
65
17
53
36
1
37
20
68
28
75
38
25
75
24
128
32
74
50
46
64
186
37
33
f 1
146
122
173
127
111
124
189
146
74
190
192
47
141
184
129
102
175
61
167
121
6
863
6
127
4
191
148
49
192
183
156
45
192
151
162
91
148
180
128
187
191
156
46
138
'191
129
191
187
192
178
171
191
f ,
540
391
45[,
634
~50
398
412
478
441
303
~3~
345
497
404
153
519
584
319
289
238
7
491
7
33
5
287
261
197
319
428
500
457
362
433
324
40S'
454
385
474
690
544
354
331
359
583
421
352
182
449
262
468
443 . ,
192
401
675
599
289
584
194
863
402
650
368
667
350
239
379
410
586
294
554
317
8
492
8
11
6
301
640
201
592
597
60S'
485
626
482
790
412
360
420
702
258
369
237
184
420
570
365
583
468
401
616
636
550
f ,
33
299
306
428
308
436
61
429
194
368
237
253
299
89
4S'1
389
218
296
460
160
699
9
61
7
215
266
59
404
218
371
88
474
296
191
153
161
212
419
441
469
50
152
375
385
138
170
292
42
268
126
82
I
413
203
234
11
182
236
263
448
190
401
349
133
293
56
467
292
4?~'
492
321
3'7'7
l-HO
863
l-MO
2
o
487
88
385
397
354
77
190
57
280
237
410
211
106
179
207
269
414
47
21
30
385
225
162
345
378
72
t I
315
357
82
366
241
15Lo
509
470
458
642
104
15l,
110
367
433
564
117
307
306
366
6-HO
533
.,
9
296
211
335
123
475
304
619
618
443
452
72
241
376
342
371
321
':;78
290
287
337
448
273
416
149
J
2953
3234
2969
3684
3020
3334
3270
3604
2879
3762
2887
2779
2893
2705
3100
3615
3111
3302
3041
2761
54-MO
16251.
54-MO
11836
AV MO
261
AV HO
TOTAl.
3259
2996
2300
3434
3646
3211
31'79
3770
3341
3549
2618
2962
2908
3390
3220
3074
2767
2592
3188
3301
2619
2994
2957
2811
3723
3471
2530
I , 1 I
1
1
i
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
695
514
384
331
789
329
764
840
179
274
386
664
470
478
270
428
416
380
509
284
491
192
402
572
506
389
496
368
482
440
585
529
553
578
485
420
252
458
310
436
322
228
424
339
156
311
608
254
320
95
373
443
426
367
201
717
333
184
524
227
214
295
515
339
230
101
210
443
378
393
i ..
230
365
315
254
117
331
114
310
376
222
400
218
149
348
358
227
119
135
337
211
109
166
137
324
305
249
173
420
337
235
174
378
394
136
247
MAXIMUM VOLUMES FOR PERIOD 3 OF
STA 10 11 12 1
100 866 717 422 153
11INIMUM VOLUMES
STA 10 11
100 179 95
12
56
GENERATED FLOWS FOR PERIOD 4
STA YEAR
100 187
100 188
100 189
100 190
100 191
100 192
100 193
100 194
100 195
100 196
100 197
100 198
10
558
427
401
474
446
750
652
626
300
343
704
569
11
148
423
403
342
326
662
301
685
67
311
276
369
1
4
12
330
299
177
127
62
330
399
169
248
193
178
231
50
115
26
90
13
140
11
105
120
34
88
27
28
66
110
25
8
66
123
52
10
22
59
86
113
4
101
122
4
64
19
100
59
42
8
28
89
97
4
29
80
98
34
95
117
"l
7
89
24
68
132
93
42
14
126
3
39
160
66
70
47
41
108
27
75
3
46
19
129
10
37
32
19
35
82
18
8"l
18
34
3
43
51
25
122
11
8
20
91
122
12
197
25
13
29
38
37
33
54
39
59
45
52
60
17
62 YEARS OF SYNTHETIC FLOWS
2 3 4 5
160 197 192 695
2
3
1
17
3
13
36
83
96
46
42
84
87
42
38
3
1
2
65
84
72
105
23
19
27
38
29
27
133
41
4
21
5
114
3
25
37
54
15
108
107
107
60
24
48
14
85
I
~;8
138
140
182
187
82
140
112
192
163
73
190
21
108
140
150
141
190
191
138
190
124
187
83
155
182
172
192
126
191
192
141
192
158
191
6
812
6
105
4
186
54
16(1
119
192
185
176
181
180
92
154
163
444
489
183
246
431
477
345
299
645
312
'541
385
114
,,23
586
617
695
449
329
157
533
579
450
410
356
284
405
285
249
270
648
302
458
388
484
7
536
7
42
5
462
338
229
349
225
635
522
376
643
418
238
410
736
367
527
637
508
812
670
540
713
528
542
138
748
318
452
367
374
45[,
459
226
155
604
10'5
455
367
414
302
463
750
508
345
419
344
391
3'50
8
488
8
6
6
554
699
srJ2
341
391
585
177
350
431
610
232
217
I j
489
296
264
311
296
536
308
492
448
2Sl..
232
213
430
255
291
324
321
389
257
313
122
293
96
298
253
383
337
235
182
161
1"l8
114
276
347
405
9
642
9
32
7
18'5
437
229
221
137
353
241
304
177
390
180
23
24
t..3
106
281
171
480
229
4:12
446
403
147
356
220
416
277
397
6
329
226
151
342
488
02
400
373
72
292
268
32)
200
53
224
266
424
1· tiO
866
1-110
1
o
145
103
116
294
387
205
361
69
470
29
330
263
574
226
642
139
520
583
174
243
206
278
436
599
92
377
628
290
476
3~il
32
95
204
312
207
235
416
11'7'
241
2Sl,
512
500
371
560
285
'560
312
6-110
3343
6-110
369
9
'511
204
336
464
66
407
281
489
349
509
371
"330
i J
3}':;O
2951
3174
2804
3]16
3945
3350
3717
3733
2798
3532
3241
2720
3127
3492
3157
3530
2961
3066
2039
2820
3167
2387
3242
3193
2719
2678
3222
3411
29'7'2
2975
2854
3326
3323
344'5
54-110
17128
'54-110
11451
i j
AV 110
261
AV 110
TOTAL
3186
3188
2781
2887
2446
4334
3290
3397
3002
3131
2852
2739
I j
..
..
1
1
100 199
100 200
100 201
100 202
100 203
100 204
100 205
100 206
100 207
100 208
100 209
100 210
100 211
100 212
100 213
100 214
100 215
100 216
100 217
100' 218
100 219
100 220
100 221
100 222
100 223
100 224
100 :2:2:i
100 226
100 227
100 228
100 229
100 230
100 231
100 232
100 233
100 234
100 235
100 236
100 237
100 238
100 239
100 240
100 241
100 242
100 243
100 244
100 245
100 246
100 247
100 248
691
386
436
299
438
710
257
489
473
668
448
299
401
576
383
213
306
455
521
673
647
742
243
469
289
322
469
378
468
468
570
473
63'5
459
348
724
422
386
348
247
434
334
464
601
356
600
199
491
694
553
4B2
160
296
425
199
323
437
378
139
576
346
337
301
427
408
352
188
255
277
393
650
1'58
497
168
354
203
392
231
171
382
355
355
322
541
714
332
331
375
166
337
214
423
501
541
205
62
320
419
326
543
MAX IMUM VOLUMES FOR F'ERIOD
SlA 10 11 12
100 750 714 518
MINIMUH VOLUMES
BTA 10 It
100 199 62
, 1 I
12
62
, I
236
369
299
220
305
2'55
102
264
184
328
213
249
175
298
278
469
283
308
250
170
307
126
202
220
78
148
222
291
99
252
171
194
371
257
251
141
144
323
297
361
518
153
144
331
297
316
200
425
101
363
4 OF
1
148
1
3
, I
42
67
101
82
24
127
20
102
7
122
9
60
29
9
72
87
60
53
113
82
37
32
8
136
60
49
142
146
43
147
39
114
112
43
10
4
100
23
38
30
87
127
98
119
107
42
46
52
67
148
54
104
94
24
172
145
88
10
36
13
66
8
70
45
73
95
191
130
51
16
71
101
74
32
49
63
24
15
115
13
107
13
18
7
124
48
4'
19
32
44
81
81
70
120
82
48
24
33
67
3
9
44
22
25
1
17
27
41
95
29
110
33
75
19
34
74
5
5
28
43
13
39
66
80
32
12
119
73
18
160
17
148
51
95
25
64
72
31
59
21
16
20
19
43
18
52
32
31
32
86
62 YEARS OF SYHlHE1IC FLOWS
234 5
191 160 192 659
2
3
, ,
3
1
f I
4
22
f I
S
133
f •
192
145
190
178
34
176
113
192
19~
192
189
189
172
192
136
I'll
182
135
181
174
79
109
189
186
15t.
lE14
183
185
'56
89
186
93
104
190
22
48
57
191
188
139
191
191
88
175
170
191
147
138
149
190
6
781
6
81
f ,
370
106
601
378
271
'541
494
527
350
456
234
389
539
59<;'
231
530
459
163
487
503
484
436
499
462
3S3
409
175
478
405
379
603
413
133
263
659
351
349
221
344
267
~07
328
484
558
405
194
483
299
522
536
7
539
7
23
f I
319
584
468
443
342
581
754
380
630
603
231
377
516
378
226
773
431
450
493
781
626
774
30a
552
81
379
254
140
475
441
508
761
441
228
427
438
530
426
457
403
446
660
48a
266
567
554
770
S88
533
441
8
4'15
8
3
" 1
286
416
198
357
1£)1
310
345
235
152
210
18B
291
230
362
438
301
141
343
369
271
486
273
277
30
224
189
100
334
374
439
240
378
444
272
78
300
146
367
175
412
168
539
322
336
295
246
227
366
416
9
701
9
66
431
100
364
1'19
400
145
?7
416
119
443
440
309
200
458
243
307
121
249
148
49
4'15
193
11
311
367
142
220
260
98
189
226
199
84
346
420
449
257
313
457
206
181
470
3
330
101
317
152
1'59
467
1-110
781
1--110
1 ,
34
t
239
13~!
205
561
442
279
417
161
50'S
92
359
321
613
264
119
222
50S
425
372
381
415
90
274
95
440
362
214
352
5JS
257
372
434
193
431
168
215
205
158
B4
204
701
397
230
246
612
320
432
487
500
578
6-MO
3043
6-110
502
)
3:~51
2701
3274
3191
2817
360?
:3151
3195
2892
3732
2833
2862
3329
3627
2228
3701
3192
2777
3264
3714
4095
3286
2644
2988
2289
2497
2603
2649
2817
3151
3673
3437
2842
3304
3440
2892
2814
2612
2837
2434
3788
3352
3128
3652
3256
2991
3051
3349
3904
3891
54-MO
16573
AV MO
261
54-110 AV 110
10718
1
I..
...
..
...
...
J
f
Ii
GENERATED FLOWS FOR PERIOD 5
STA YEAR
100 249
100 250
100 251
100 252
100 253
100 254
100 255
100 256
100 257
100 258
100 259
100 260
100 261
100 262
100 263
100 264
100 265
100 266
100 267
100 268
100 269
100 270
100 271
100 272
100 273
100 274
100 275
100 276
100 277
100 278
100 279
100 280
100 281
100 282
100 283
100 284
100 285
100 286
100 287
100 288
100 289
100 290
100 291
100 292
100 293
100 294
100 295
100 296
100 297
100 298
100 299
100 300
100 301
100 302
100 303
100 304
100 305
10
793
553
491
379
741
693
613
523
335
595
368
296
252
336'
474
394
225
216
639
289
379
419
434
363
703
592
507
540
286
302
405
460
462
307
719
461
233
332
533
481
649
325
362
614
542
500
650
433
510
571
493
404
433
581
654
280
448
11
619
638
218
328
264
565
501
99
372
481
503
269
553
276
135
309
154
374
165
224
402
357
334
453
165
490
197
185
284
316
453
275
388
296
484
399
331
457
422
127
425
440
236
302
557
619
557
303
226
431
363
314
73
277
201
194
231
12
205
358
100
178
288
94
424
90
273
257
107
314
205
146
178
410
104
367
314
159
343
385
313
202
199
269
149
197
217
113
326
380
289
301
242
520
171
385
142
328
160
279
345
201
293
107
235
296
288
215
172
118
202
268
261
186
239
1
70
145
10
68
17
2
154
24
82
19
50
25
S2
96
47
80
10
18
51
113
13
122
81
91
102
151
62
76
65
22
104
130
128
ss
102
65
50
4
37
65
115
70
104
3
31
32
91
29
16
138
57
39
55
95
62
61
65
2
141
3
96
98
17
83
28
124
80
46
54
9
47
57
98
75
30
52
101
18
55
16
119
25
29
49
87
74
18
14
47
20
195
30
17
37
76
141
'53
22
6
24
41
102
39
13'5
63
33
34
132
93
142
'56
14
60
86
40
3
15
25
26
35
21
53
69
12
27
46
95
83
67
47
15
24
29
62
10
83
38
60
107
101
24
10
20
39
20
162
107
28
3
22
46
67
96
16
16
63
53
47
87
26
12
106
37
20
77
82
45
5
27
16
21
18
18
l
4
173
158
185
191
192
172
56
165
192
169
23
90
189
185
152
IS?
105
191
128
190
142
190
185
190
191
136
170
192
146
134
180
73
167
190
191
42
106
59
178
87
190
77
163
159
180
78
192
190
168
171
185
192
179
192
77
161
151
I j
~
5£15
692
247
345
410
277
382
4~6
500
359
261
542
~55
476
272
556
466
330
483
294
418
469
298
565
160
731
417
465
396
431
227
299
609
293
460
315
517
326
421
403
252
~49
180
241
280
385
383
321
400
515
422
490
598
557
3/8
186
273
6
603
473
461
730
762
701
634
4'59
374
193
440
440
250
252
113
252
463
243
413
414
499
626
518
403
589
617
640
508
618
406
494
495
613
398
201
232
714
377
504
~17
682
404
585
270
191
397
436
541
176
660
404
421
617
567
627
516
323
I i
7
537
351
267
250
329
366
325
402
239
234
106
449
230
225
232
15
534
176
396
361
248
194
69
115
292
262
337
401
271
46
376
303
206
401
263
212
321
267
129
462
213
90
297
305
232
398
386
135
75
296
206
265
270
484
309
196
200
, j
e
318
293
141
1:14
'355
252
72
369
165
387
33
350
78
111
348
377
184
.1\23
122
441
480
155
126
194
315
277
35
34
372
328
250
3~8
264
127
145
29
88
56
469
395
246
422
451
55
61
373
20~
425
346
481
38S
267
482
406
184
47
155
l j
9
249
622
477
526
128
481
335
359
535
250
342
25
158
464
471
623
333
399
441
126
464
460
528
114
445
132
202
282
5a~
374
137
123
257
515
338
528
207
364
238
291
n
J68
416
431
365
657
340
194
479
549
572
223
119
371
387
130
355
t
TOTAL
4308
4311
2739
3302
3524
3739
3593
3102
3174
31)36
2382
2892
2636
2671
2535
3274
2637
2851
3263
2712
3481
3653
3112
2816
3214
3/16
2623
2993
3278
2648
3114
2944
3501
2935
3206
2907
2910
2764
3142
3241
~063
3095
3269
2709
281)3
3787
3573
2920
2795
4241
3397
2880
3111
3848
3221
2061
2496
"
....
1
1
,
100
100
100
100
100
306
307
308
309
310
398
541
569
802
325
741
400
282
165
394
338
220
362
345
136
MAXIMUM VOLUHES FOR PERIOD 5 OF
STA 10 11 12 1
100 802 741 520 154
MINIMUM VOLUMES
STA 10 11
100 216 73
12
90
GENERATED FLOWS FOR PERIOD 6
STA YEAR
100 311
100' 312
100 313
100 314
100 315
100 316
100 317
100 318
100 319
100 320
100 3:.!1
100 322
100 323
100 324
100 325
100 326
100 327
100 328
100 329
100 330
100 331
100 332
100 333
100 334
100 335
100 336
100 337
100 338
100 339
100 340
100 341
100 342
100 343
100 344
100 345
100 346
100 347
100 348
100 349
100 350
100 351
100 352
10
503
524
439
561
559
386
411
276
458
439
499
491
524
291
500
502
403
592
657
678
334
641
315
577
397
1098
447
302
502
614
308
377
478
691
523
344
576
187
295
550
444
486
11
422
470
599
528
648
342
421
342
188
235
239
178
295
632
S08
150
446
58
209
480
414
234
371
562
234
549
306
176
402
194
107
339
374
318
279
216
245
298
212
357
294
285
1
2
12
173
147
153
162
161
244
354
143
312
215
251
167
223
141
159
299
139
267
220
328
112
234
346
160
351
139
270
196
160
302
186
20~
265
105
203
155
354
226
374
414
213
382
52
87
126
75
9
113
20
10
114
51
37
182
113
8
62 Y£ARS OF SYNTHETIC FLOW~
2 3 4 5
195
2
3
1
16
85
77
26
34
66
60
13
38
116
79
1
91
101
71
90
60
13
12
110
135
82
51
14
137
97
89
13
44
106
134
128
145
55
39
50
131
25
24
28
18
137
182
3
3
2
64
40
83
127
7
103
107
81
13
22
39
56
16
88
149
26
9
111
88
54
6
39
46
87
17
25
134
22
67
101
60
7
120
62
107
54
17
56
44
50
93
5
192
4
23
731
5
160
3
13
79
36
28
73
24
16
15
58
42
29
138
67
32
22
62
23
5
36
21
103
59
43
78
72
78
41
92
93
3
18
85
38
49
63
11
90
38
46
134
12
78 , 1 1 f I f I f , f 1 , I
178
170
78
177
80
6
826
6
107
4
68
153
187
122
139
180
130
133
169
173
149
192
192
182
95
180
192
171
192
189
160
114
161
188
120
183
183
84
190
192
149
lEO
111
189
188
127
159
159
10
177
192
117
, I
180
502
604
208
~59
7
537
7
15
5
200
367
370
208
655
680
330
576
545
402
532
335
423
542
568
500
332
338
317
253
377
472
546
415
228
246
482
327
327
516
500
374
340
484
572
467
251
321
241
314
204
200
, 1
563
615
107
427
669
8
482
8
29
6
473
164
790
499
490
395
430
638
484
552
543
678
235
824
616
710
330
269
232
230
349
419
424
242
530
~48
392
412
624
142
326
284
548
713
461
375
329
486
407
474
436
481
I
146
442
171
278
368
9
657
9
25
7
442
344
252
233
353
414
179
474
298
161
290
198
200
405
390
2~8
6E1
339
228
381
261
7~
35
274
508
201
340
233
457
139
139
185
218
452
437
66
316
194
191
500
155
214
I
462
39
Ell
200
195
1-110
826
l-HO
2
8
265
374
465
412
114
387
403
483
129
410
306
34
339
300
359
326
42
404
150
5
3~3
11
298
52
2~.'9
162
362
150
195
190
60
373
31~
258
459
216
40
348
385
334
250
312
I
240
187
250
309
481
6-~\O
3058
6-HO
433
f ;
9
137
312
329
213
436
615
216
472
73
309
257
402
87
166
518
209
132
499
499
441
190
475
75
422
692
442
192
386
407
275
418
664
265
495
183
225
406
476
438
121
188
584
I
3384
3353
2832
3109
3338
54-Mo
16857
AV 110
261
~4-l1o
11082
AV Mo
TOTAL
2776
3059
3780
3119
3669
3836
30~7
3646
2765
3076
3213
2870
2692
3704
3955
3312
2176
3066
2840
3170
2794
2855
2711
3071
3515
3768
3238
2393
3468
2774
2405
3208
3217
3871
3514
2306
2914
2814
2667
3453
2499
3341
I I ,
\ • r I
1
1
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
368
489
389
410
723
521
358
477
474
384
439
255
259
498
689
724
235
269
567
482
531
637
498
320
426
173
568
276
459
123
592
349
247
577
282
282
346
168
331
256
255
296
395
240
239
297
614
107
471
311
510
159
155
274
178
96
233
246
302
288
MAXI HUH VOLUMES FOR PERIOD 6 OF
STA 10 11 12 1
100 1098 648 614 145
HINIMUH VOLUMES
STA 10 11
100 187 58
12
96
GENERATED FLOWS FOR PERIOD 7
STA YEAR
100 373
100 374
100 375
100 376
100 377
100 378
100 379
100 380
100 381
100 382
100 383
100 384
100 385
100 386
100 387
100 388
100 389
100 390
100 391
100 392
100 393
100 394
100 395
100 396
100 397
100 398
100 399
10
417
492
539
321
571
747
390
246
341
476
566
455
561
261
455
510
535
432
616
372
454
799
441
442
386
404
379
11
272
507
199
303
229
147
550
681
157
221
256
69
317
620
658
520
336
152
179
260
331
437
476
504
367
370
229
1
1
12
312
305
316
208
188
201
134
149
76
219
249
257
365
354
281
262
160
89
451
226
428
214
244
518
289
223
193
111
44
127
90
109
68
7
93
62
19
130
47
13
70
17
11
115
30
73
21
97
36
2
76
40
65
18
50
83
112
31
54
59
13
32
137
58
115
83
149
61
72
72
46
28
65
17
18
16
7
46
27
43
34
120
11
86
8
28
1
62 YEARS OF SYNTHE1IC FLOWS
2 3 4 5
149 138 192 764
2
2
1
157
16
157
106
44
121
103
45
4
55
97
71
38
54
SO
1
116
25
76
21
27
29
101
109
37
52
34
3
1
2
15
45
12
88
17
7
6
76
141
10
121
5
105
20
37
66
24
142
58
61
57
68
82
58
80
89
140
4
10
5
166
3
40
23
102
33
15
109
116
8
15
22
18
116
17
46
45
67
118
55
42
71
36
34
46
33
34
68
7
I
139
183
154
175
160
188
49
85
192
192
92
160
150
132
148
184
100
192
51
190
6
824
6
142
4
98
118
118
163
17~
158
172
192
15~
192
190
158
131
100
153
166
110
191
192
188
190
156
111
192
68
180
34
361
454
236
536
476
526
166
340
551
557
406
466
472
331
280
342
478
764
511
210
7
508
7
3~
5
330
586
362
~73
370
474
298
609
441
388
597
523
213
349
673
546
313
522
443
430
306
3~0
186
299
312
187
450
I j
669
525
728
754
367
459
351
~34
392
338
197
515
716
747
256
26)
780
427
358
473
8
504
5
6
447
732
228
846
415
480
236
361
516
344
~17
570
474
395
605
208
345
625
286
127
314
713
379
548
240
242
597
I
197
3~7
317
493
416
239
218
199
206
313
116
146
293
421
274
42
406
313
277
218
9
692
9
73
7
175
10~
335
250
220
139
153
145
188
351
97
463
263
120
334
60
421
374
260
216
200
26'i
112
136
294
378
439
t I
125
504
164
39
48
267
2~9
86
188
405
4~9
30~
176
188
390
306
228
176
71
131
I-MO
1098
8
140
238
116
81
33
282
103
64
187
372
303
291
450
31
178
165
112
186
437
508
405
205
76
259
193
194
341
I j
581
314
203
473
506
165
241
524
319
320
255
541
356
447
16~
94
210
419
410
389
6-MO
3607
6-1'\0
534
9
168
314
440
470
674
280
80
367
~07
556
493
452
204
252
345
342
390
390
275
132
646
290
183
441
412
190
276
l j
3495
3911
3285
3652
3538
-3033
2866
2789
3413
3081
3273
3024
2939
3732
2831
2496
327~
3127
3062
2808
, \
54-MO
17142
AV MO
261
54-MO
11995
AV HO
TOTAL
2571
3481
2924
3442
2951
3145
2341
2943
2728
3206
3504
3430
3138
2602
3814
2913
2980
3183
3315
2612
3394
3564
2437
3539
2712
2577
3119
'.
'.
'.
'.
...
100 400 371 196 128 36 18 176 184 31B 633 498 215 B7 2860
100 401 31B 253 365 145 131 61 192 557 771 415 496 317 4021
100 402 775 260 286 57 B3 22 129 621 650 119 11B 413 3533
100 403 611 383 256 70 36 32 69 33B 571 502 243 280 33-91
100 404 257 133 126 45 173 5 160 374 493 206 223 3"71 2566
100 405 272 383 226 36 83 28 168 532 283 484 190 139 2824
100 406 762 653 353 84 18 52 149 214 2BO 17:.\ 25 702 3465
100 407 411 448 239 101 31 48 159 188 594 330 4B4 138 3171
100 408 499 395 162 18 49 75 69 3/1 516 413 138 161 2866
100 409 347 240 136 87 113 50 65 250 592 351 285 563 3079
100 410 672 411 377 107 44 54 190 307 668 269 112 254 3465
100 411 702 541 227 23 60 28 176 469 593 231 333 419 3802
100 412 368 168 306 73 65 19 139 628 430 359 244 ~62 3361
100 413 773 382 122 56 28 41 149 402 395 184 109 169 2Bl0
100 414 532 334 579 54 77 33 105 272 519 325 384 242 3456
100 415 664 293 146 9 108 4 187 363 292 189 378 536 3169
100 416 525 369 263 115 39 59 168 326 414 390 382 344 3394
100 417 498 447 267 34 101 38 168 295 97 118 189 30t. 2558
100 418 596 551 238 33 66 79 143 347 508 415 502 224 3702
100 419 528 556 279 106 57 121 191 283 530 438 31 158 3278
100 420 211 287 199 72 17 46 187 295 554 233 83 210 2394
100 421 463 175 239 66 39 28 189 204 248 302 4~1 171 25/5
100 422 227 195 221 24 138 2 189 208 428 64 155 528 2379
100 423 604 264 230 103 15 9 116 384 506 257 159 254 2901
100 424 356 262 239 42 9 90 164 427 616 250 332 410 3197
100 425 398 336 159 72 55 65 135 633 414 97 501 147 3012
100 426 299 447 158 20 98 13 192 384 383 331 175 579 3079
100 427 449 417 323 121 22 69 150 499 548 388 156 537 3679
100 428 60B 358 80 13 107 3 139 329 277 175 347 220 ;!656
100 429 309 378 254 13 82 26 133 423 723 465 3B2 327 351~i
100 430 274 509 161 113 19 62 192 663 763 382 284 328 3750
100 431 ~19 191 336 90 8 38 90 489 595 458 114 106 3134
100 432 500 598 341 142 68 63 146 481 278 138 331 375 3461
100 433 442 261 137 14 66 32 191 700 450 116 240 488 3137
100 434 357 163 217 78 S2 40 176 424 564 353 294 485 3203
1
MAXIMUM VOLUMES FOR F'ERIOD 7 OF 62 YEARS OF SYNTHETIC FLOW::;
STA 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l-MO 6-MO 54-MO AV MO
100 799 681 579 157 173 176 192 700 B46 502 508 702 B46 3332 16164 260
MINIMUM VOLUMES
STA 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l-MO 6-MO 54-MO AV MO
100 211 69 76 1 5 2 34 186 97 60 25 80 1 548 11201
1
, , f I , 1 f 1 f , f I f , , I f , I I J I 1 1 1
*
-
---
---
APPENDIX B -
-
-
-
-
-
I J l I I l , I j I j I j
30 YEARS OF SYNTHESIZED FLOWS
1 = Flow @ Black Bear Lake Outlet
2 = Flow @ Inlet to Black Lake
3 = Flow @ Black Lake Outlet
4 = Flow @ Mouth of Black Creek
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Ave.
1. 110.1 55.4 6.11 10.1 6.1 1.9 14.6 27.6 60.7 28.11 8.2 25.9 23.8
2. 109.0 162.0 20.1 65.4 46.1 36.2 53.5 611.7 1111.0 56.5 17.4 511.0 65.8
3. 126.0 188.0 23.4 78.9 55.8 1111.6 63.0 73.7 127.0 63.3 19.7 60.8 77.0
II. 270.0 405.0 52.2 200.0 1411.0 123.0 154.0 153.0 225.0 113.0 37.3 118.0 166.2
1. 26.6 29.2 22.1 6.1 6.7 0.9 7.9 118.6 58.11 18.2 27.8 13.6 22.2
2. 72.1 85.4 69.6 39.5 58.0 12 .5 20.7 121.0 101.0 33.5 59.2 28.6 58.4
3. 83.2 99.1 81.2 117.6 70.4 15.3 23.9 139.0 111.0 37.3 66.9 32.2 67.3
II. 178.0 213.0 180.0 120.0 181i.O 111.9 511.0 293.0 189.0 64.2 126.0 62.9 142.2
1 • 25.9 26.3 35.1 11.5 0.6 6.2 9.9 49.2 36.1 25.0 18.6 25.8 21.9
2. 70.6 76.5 131.0 26.1 12.6 28.3 38.6 123.0 85.11 55.9 39.11 53.9 61.8
3. 81.5 88.7 154.0 31.4 15.5 33.7 45.6 141.0 97.4 63.5 44.5 60.7 71.5
II. ~:'5.0 191.0 352.0 78.5 42.1 84.6 113.0 299.0 188.0 118.0 83.9 118.0 153.6
1 • 36.7 44.9 16.7 0.5 2.9 5.1 14.1 29.1 53.1 31.1 20.4 31.9 23.9
2. 100.0 131.0 51.6 11.6 20.0 42.1 45.8 79.6 1111.0 62.3 43.5 66.6 611.0
3. 116.0 152.0 60.1 111.3 211.1 51.1 53.5 91.9 129.0 69.9 119.1 75.1 13.8
II. 247.0 327.0 133.0 38.11 62.0 136.0 128.0 199.0 2110.0 125.0 92.8 1116.0 156.2
1. 37.2 111.9 22.3 8.3 6.9 1.1 19.0 1111.3 56.1 21.8 6.7 43.11 23.5
2. 102.0 43.6 70.11 53.7 41.11 12.2 65.0 117.0 103.0 118.5 111.3 90.9 63.5
3. 117.0 50.6 82.0 611.7 49.8 111.9 76.1 135.0 1111.0 55.1 16.1 102.0 73.1
II. 251.0 109.0 183.0 1611.0 126.0 40.3 1811.0 291.0 200.0 102.0 30.5 200.0 156.7
1. 40.7 27.0 25.6 8.9 6.2 1 .2 21.0 52.1 36.3 20.8 29.6 1111.5 26.2
2. 111.0 79.2 94.9 57.1 311.6 15.7 711.1 1211.0 87.6 116.4 62.7 93.1 13.11
3. 129.0 91.8 112.0 68.9 111.11 19.2 87.1 1111.0 100.0 52.6 70.8 105.0 811.9
II. 277.0 198.0 257.0 1711.0 1011.0 52.6 212 .0 2911.0 1911.0 97.7 1311.0 205.0 183.8
1. 54.0 111.8 32.7 1 .1 4.3 6.2 11 .9 117.2 55.9 16.9 47.9 19.5 28.3
2. 1117.0 122.0 119.0 25.1 23.11 51.1 116.7 116.0 1111.0 110.0 102.0 110.8 78.9
3. 170.0 1112.0 139.0 31.0 28.0 62.0 55.1 133.0 128.0 45.6 115.0 46.0 91.2
4. 365.0 305.0 319.0 83.1 70.11 165.0 137.0 280.0 2311.0 86.0 217.0 89.8 195.9
1. 28.0 311.11 22.6 6.0 0.7 5.11 11.5 27.7 50.5 26.0 6~3 311.8 21.2
2. 76.7 101.0 83.3 36.1 12.7 41.2 45.3 76.0 106.0 54.1 13.3 72.5 59.8
3. 88.6 117 .0 98.1 113.5 15.6 50.0 53.5 87.7 119.0 61.0 15.0 81. 7 69.2
II. 191.0 251.0 225.0 109.0 112.2 132.0 133.0 191.0 221.0 111.0 28.3 159.0 149.5
1. 47.7 47.9 111.1 7.5 1.0 7.5 17 .3 33.8 15.3 7.7 11 .5 26.5 19.3
2. 130.0 1110.0 52.4 62.2 20.6 32.8 59.7 77.3 40.7 17 .1 24.11 42.9 58.3
3. 150.0 163.0 61.7 75.6 25.11 39.0 70.0 87.9 46.9 19.4 27.6 48.4 67.9
II. 321.0 351.0 1112.0 195.0 68.9 97.3 170.0 180.0 93.3 36.1 55.1 94.5 150.3
31 : i : 1
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Ave.
1. 5/J.l /J2./J 2/J.l 8./J 10.5 0.7 18.0 /J/J./J 1 /J. 2 /J2.6 2/J.9 38.1 26.9
2. 1/J7.0 12/J.0 76./J 5/J.2 67.2 10.3 60.1 102.0 37./J 79.3 53.0 79.6 7/J.2
3. 170.0 1/J/J.0 89.1 65.3 81.0 12.6 70.3 117.0 43.1 88.2 59.8 89.7 85.8
4. 365.0 311.0 198.0 165.0 206.0 34.6 169.0 2/J0.0 85.6 153.0 113.0 175.0 18/J.6
1. 25.7 /J6.1 28./J 9.3 0.9 8.7 13.7 55.6 49.1 23./J 20./J 30.4 26.0
2. 70./J 135.0 105.0 56.2 18.0 39.9 53.6 129.0 86.9 52.4 /J3./J 63.7 71.1
3. 81.3 156.0 124.0 67.6 22.1 47.5 63.3 147.0 96.1 59./J 49.0 71.8 82.1
4. 175.0 335.0 28/J.0 170.0 60.0 119.0 157.0 303.0 165.0 110.0 92.7 1/J0.0 175.9
1 • 71.8 30.1 19.7 7.4 6.6 7.2 12.5 15.1 64.0 /J/J.O 1 .6 45.0 27.1
2. 197.0 87.7 72 .5 47.8 /J4.6 35.0 35.0 35.4 122.3 76.0 6.7 92.5 71.0
3. 227.0 102.0 85.3 57.6 53.8 41.8 40.5 40.3 136.5 83.8 7.9 1114.0 81.7
4. 487.0 219.0 197.0 1/J6.0 137.8 106.0 93.4 83.5 243.0 140.0 17.5 201.0 172 .6
1. 52.2 18.1 13.8 9.5 1.8 8.6 15.8 12.1 16.7 38.2 19.4 40.4 20.5
2. 142.0 49.4 51.5 52.9 28.8 36.4 44.0 28.3 4/J.l 71.2 41.4 84.5 56.2
3. 174.0 57.0 60.6 63.4 35.4 43.2 50.9 32.3 50.8 79.2 46.7 95.2 65.7
4. 362.0 121.0 139.0 158.0 95.3 107.0 117.0 66.8 101.0 137.0 88.2 186.0 139.9
1 • 42.3 27.2 24.4 9.6 2.0 8.7 17.3 32.1 54.6 26.3 29.7 47.6 26.8
2. 116.0 79.4 77.3 54.7 29.4 61.9 59.4 85.6 99.3 49.7 63.2 99.6 73.0
3. 133.0 92.0 90.1 65.6 36.0 74.8 69.6 98.6 110.0 55.4 71.3 112.0 84.0
4. 286.0 198.0 200.0 164.0 96.6 197.0 169.0 213.0 192.0 96.6 135.0 219.0 180.5
1. 46.6 23.3 27.1 9.6 3./J 3.5 0.8 20.0 41.3 17.6 20.3 61.1 22.9
) 2. 127.0 • 68.1 100.0 61.8 22.8 14.8 4.5 46.1 83.9 39.3 43.1 127.6 61.6
3. 147.0 79.0 118.0 74.5 27.6 17.6 5.4 52.5 94.3 44.6 48.6 143.8 71.1
4. 315.0 170.0 272.0 188.0 70.7 43.5 14.1 108.0 172.0 82.9 91.7 280.0 150.7
J 1. 56.9 35.5 19.5 6.4 6.2 1.9 30.4 47.S 60.0 39.6 25.1 71.3 33.4
2. 155.0 104.0 61.7 /Jl.5 33.6 36.7 124.0 94.8 112.0 72.7 53.5 149.1 86.6
3. 179.0 120.0 72.0 50.1 40.2 45.2 147.0 106.0 125.0 80.8 58.4 168.0 99.3
4. 384.0 259.0 160.0 127.0 101.0 125.0 368.0 206.0 221.0 139.0 112.0 328.0 210.8
1. 78.0 46.6 10.1 0.4 8.0 4.4 18.3 55.3 32.9 48.3 37.0 52.4 32.6
2. 213.0 137.0 31.2 5.8 53./J 36.1 64.6 123.0 70.9 89.8 78.6 110.0 84.4
3. 246.0 159.0 36./J 7.1 64.5 43.8 75.9 139.0 80.2 99.9 88.7 124.0 97.0
4. 528.0 341.0 80.6 18.6 165.0 117.0 185.0 ' 283.0 150.0 173.0 167.0 2/J1.0 20/J.l
1. 32.0 23.9 29.9 7.5 4.5 8.1 16.2 35.4 66.1 35.3 17.4 19.4 24.6
2. 87.3 65.5 111 .0 44.8 38.0 36.7 53.6 96.5 128.0 65.8 37.1 40.7 67.1
3. 101.0 75.6 130.0 53.9 46.2 /J3.6 62.8 111.0 143.0 73.2 41.9 45.9 77.3
4. 216.0 160.0 298.0 135.0 120.0 109.0 151.0 2/Jl.0 255.0 127.0 79.2 89.7 165.1
1 • 37.1 24.2 20.3 8.1 6.9 3.5 21.4 41.8 55.1 31.9 27.4 57.1 27.9
2. 101.0 71.0 64.1 52.4 39.7 25.6 76.7 107.0 101.0 61.7 58.3 119.0 73.1
3. 117.0 82.4 74.8 63.2 47.7 31.0 90.1 123.0 112.0 68.9 65.8 134.0 8/J.2
4. 251.0 178.0 166.0 159.0 120.0 81.9 220.0 262.0 195.0 121.0 124.0 261.0 178.2
, 1 I I , 1 , , f , , 1 I I ) I I I J
l I I j
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Ave.
1. 38.0 25.4 22.0 1.6 12.1 8.2 17.0 53.3 33.4 25.1 17.2 49.8 25.3
2. 104.0 74.2 76.8 27.2 82.2 40.0 57.7 119.0 73.5 56.0 36.6 104.0 70.9
3. 120.0 86.1 90.1 33.4 99.2 47.7 67.6 135.0 83.3 63.6 41.3 117 .0 82.0
4. 257.0 185.0 205.0 88.9 255.0 121.0 163.0 276.0 152.0 118.0 78.0 228.0 177 .2
--, 1. 60.1 40.2 36.4 5.0 12 .3 1.0 15.2 37.5 51.7 25.0 2.5 28.6 26.3
2. 164.0 118.0 134.0 32.8 82.4 13.6 42.6 87.9 92.4 49.5 8.4 59.2 73.7
3. 189.0 137.0 158.0 39.5 99.4 16.6 49.2 100.0 102.0 55.5 9.9 66.7 85.2
4. 406.0 294.0 364.0 99.7 255.0 45.6 113.0 207.0 177 .0 98.6 23.5 129.0 184.4
1. 57.1 37.9 38.5 8.7 7.8 2.1 17.4 52.5 63.1 14.2 46.2 32.3 27.2
2. 155.0 111.0 143.0 56.7 44.7 20.8 46.5 118.0 107.0 28.4 98.2 67.4 83.1
3. 179.0 129.0 169.0 68.3 53.7 25.4 53.6 134.0 118.0 31.8 111.0 76.0 98.2 ,. 384.0 277.0 387.0 173.0 135.0 68.3 122.0 273.0 198.0 56.8 210.0 148.0 202.7
1 • 56.1 23.1 8.2 0.9 5.6 4.7 17.4 56.3 73.4 27.6 56.2 16.7 28.9
2. 153.0 67.3 26.0 14.1 33.6 22.8 59.8 127.0 129.0 51.9 119.0 29.5 69.4
3. 176.0 78.0 30.4 17.3 40.4 27.2 70.1 144.0 142.0 57.8 135.0 47.2 80.5
4. 378.0 168.0 67.7 46.6 103.0 31.2 170.0 295.0 243.0 101.0 255.0 67.1 160.5
1 • 49.0 42.7 35.2 0.5 4.4 3.4 15.5 35.9 46.0 22.8 17.2 21.9 24.5
2. 134.0 125.0 129.0 9.4 27.3 16.7 50.4 83.5 93.5 50.9 36.6 45.9 66.8
3. 154.0 145.0 152.0 11.6 32.9 '19.9 58.9 95.1 105.0 57.8 41.3 51.7 77 .1
4. 331.0 31"2.0 348.0 30.8 83.6 50.5 152.0 196.0 192.0 107.0 78.0 101.0 165.2
1. 31.0 41.4 24.9 9.1 5.1 0.6 17.4 54.2 16.7 12.6 46.1 34.7 24.5
2. 84.6 121.0 92.2 83.7 44.5 13.0 57.0 122.0 27.5 28.2 98.1 12.4 70.4
3. 97.7 140.0 109.0 102.0 54.1 16.0 66.6 138.0 30.0 32.0 111.0 81.6 81.5
4. 210.0 303.0 249.0 264.0 142.0 44.8 159.0 282.0 49.3 59.4 209.0 159.0 177 .5
1. 65.9 30.6 24.2 2.3 6.4 8.6 13.0 33.3 39.5 28.2 25.9 34.6 26.0
2. 180.0 89.4 86.3 29.3 35.5 42.0 51.0 90.7 80.4 62.7 55.1 72 .3 72.9
3. 208.0 104.0 101.0 35.9 42.6 50.1 60.2 105.0 90.3 71.1 62.2 81.5 84.3
4. 446.0 224.0 232.0 94.6 107.0 127.0 149.0 227.0 165.0 132.0 118.0 159.0 181.7
1 • 54.1 42.8 46.0 8.3 1.5 12.1 18.5 37.3 49.9 46.1 14.4 31.7 30.2
2. 147.0 125.0 170.0 45.9 38.4 53.6 65.9 97.0 87.8 83.8 30.7 66.1 84.3
3. 170.0 145.0 200.0 55.1 47.4 63.7 77.4 112.0 97.0 92.9 34.7 74.5 97.5
4. 365.0 312.0 460.0 137.0 129.0 159.0 188.0 238.0 166.0 159.0 65.6 145.0 210.3
1 • 74.5 27.9 31.4 6.8 10.8 2.2 17.0 31.5 49.6 18.9 38.0 26.5 27.9
2. 203.0 81.4 116.0 44.1 65.2 37.7 51.9 73.4 136.0 39.5 80.7 55.3 82.0
3. 235.0 94.4 136.0 53.2 78.4 46.4 60.4 83.5 157.0 44.5 91.1 62.3 95.2
4. 503.0 203.0 313.0 134.0 198.0 128.0 142.0 173.0 314.0 80.8 112.0 121.0 206.8
1 • 12.6 31.4 27.7 14.3 0.3 5.3 19.6 25.0 59.1 24.7 20.0 42.1 28.5
2. 198.0 91.6 102.0 91.6 4.1 25.4 72.0 61.6 176.0 48.6 42.5 74.5 82.3
3. 229.0 106.0 120.0 111.0 5.0 30.3 84.8 70.5 204.0 54.4 48.0 99.3 96.9
4. 490.0 229.0 277.0 279.0 13.5 76.6 207.0 148.0 417.0 96.3 90.6 194.0 209.8
31 : i : 1
Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March Ae r • Mal June Jull Au~. See t • Ave.
1 • 39.6 37.9 35.4 7.2 10.1 1.0 14.6 32.8 66.8 39.1 2.0 69.3 29.6
2. 108.0 111.0 131.0 96.3 46.3 11 .4 47.4 76.4 155.0 62.5 6.7 14".0 83.0
3. 125.0 129.0 154.0 55.B 117.0 14.0 55.4 87.0 177 .0 68.2 7.9 162.0 96.0
4. 26B.0 277.0 355.0 141.0 30B.0 38.0 132.0 180.0 3110.0 109.0 18.8 316.0 206.9
J I I I I f , f , , , f • , , , f , , I 1 f I 1
.-
--
-
APPENDIX C
......
-
-
-
& I I i I • ~ 1 1 t I • l j i J I j I I 1 l ~ t "
TYPE BBEAR.F'MF
A BLACK BEAR LAt;E PMF CALCULATION
A
A
Et 310 5
1 3
K 1 1
1 BLACK BEAR LAKE. INFLOW HYIlROGRAPH
M -1 1.52
0 288
1 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03
1 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .04 .04
1 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04
1 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04
1 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04
1 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .04 .05
1 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05
1 .05 .05 .05 .OS .OS .05 .05 .05 .05 .05
1 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .05 .OS .05 .05 .OS
1 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06
1 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06
1 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06
1 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06 .06
1 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07
1 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07
1 .07 .07 .07 .07 .07 .0"1 .08 .08 .09 .09
1 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 .10 .10
1 .10 .10 .10 .10 .11 .11 .11 .19 .20 .20
1 .21 .22 .23 .24 .25 .25 .26 .27 .27 .28
1 .27 .25 .19 .18 .17 .17 .16 .16 .15 .14
1 .14 .13 .12 .12 .08 .08 .08 .08 .08 .08
1 .08 .08 .08 .08 .08 .07 .03 .03 .03 .03
1 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03
1 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03
1 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03
1 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03
1 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03
1 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02
1 .02 .02 • 02 .02 .02 .02 .02 .02 I .
T .01 1
U 15
1 520 2110 2943 2380 1500 942 580 350 221 120 \,
1 80 53 28 19 12
X 200 1
t~ 2 1
1 FLOW FROH ItIRECT PRECIPITATION ON BLACK BEAR LAt;E
H -1 0.30
0 -288
T
lJ 1
1 2323
X 1
K 2 2
K 99
A
A
A "-
A
A
TYI'[ nllEAI'~. OUT
***************************** HEC-l VERSION DATED SEPT 1977
EXPANDED UNOFFICIAL VERSION
AUGUST 1978
*****************************
***************************** HEC-l VERSION DATED S~PT 1977
EXPANDED UNOFFICIAL VERSION
AUGUST 1978
*****************************
RUN DATE: 8-Dct-80
THIE: 18:24
BLACK BEAR LAKE PMF CALCULATION
• ~ ..... ~.~. 4 __ .... ,",~ ..... '-............. ~_ ... .:.-:.. ••• -........ ........ ___ .,_
·u·':··'\
f' .' "
" "';' ...•••.... I
.( ') ..•.. ~ : !
'. . ,
i' , 'I
':~ "1\ , , f I ! 1 f , I, r 1
'··0·:·.··'···'·"··'···.·
, .
. ," !'.,
. I
·:0,···· , .' • I
! . , .
• I , 1 ,
i I I , l I 1 j 1 I I I l j I l l I 1 ~. ,Ie ... i.
. .JOB SPECIFICATIOl4
NQ UHR litH N IDA)' IHR IMIII METRC IPLT IPRT NSTAN
310 0 5 0 0 v 0 0 0 0
JOPER NIJT LRDPT TPACE
3 0 C-O
********** ********** ********** u******** **********
SUB-AREA RUNOFF COMPUTATION
BLACK BEAR LAKE INFLOW HY[lROGRAPH
ISTAel ICOMP IECON ITAPE JPLT JF'RT INAME ISTACiE IAUTO
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
HYDROGRAPH [lATA
IHY[lG IUHG TAREA SNAP TRSDA TF<SPC RATIO ISNOIJ ISAMF. LOCAL
0 -1 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0 0 0
PRECIF' [lATA
NF' STORM [lAJ [lAK
2BB 0.00 0.00 0.00
PRECIP PATTERN
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 O.OB 0.08 0.09 0.09
0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10
0010 0.10 0.10 0010 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.19 0.20 0.20
0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28
0.27 0.25 0.19 O.lB 0.17 0.17 0.16 0016 , 0.15 0.14
0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.08 O.OB 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
O.OB O.OB O.OB O.OB O.OB 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03, 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
LOSS [lATA
LROPT STRKR DL Tt,R RTIOL ERAIN STRt(S RTIOK STRTL CNSTL ALSMX RTIMP
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 1. 00
•
t
GIVEN UNIT GRAPH, NUHGQ= 15
2110. 2943. 2380. 1500. 942. 580. 350.
53. 28. 19. 12.
UNIT GRAPH TOTALS 11858. CFS OR 1.01 INCHES OVER THE AREA
RECESSION MTA
STRTG= 200.00 GRCSN= 0.00 RTIOR== 1.00
o END-OF-PERIOD FLO~
MO.DA HR.MN PERIOD RAW EXCS LOSS COMP G MO.DA HR.MN PERIOD RAIN
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.-01
1. 01
1. 01
1; 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25'
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
1.00
1.05
1. 10
1. 15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1. 35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.55
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
4.00
1 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04 ,
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.,4
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
! •
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
216.
279.
367.
439.
484.
512.
529.
540.
546.
550.
552.
554.
555.
555.
556.
556.
556.
556.
561.
582.
611.
635.
650.
660.
665.
669.
671.
672.
673.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
, I , ,
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1 .01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
, 1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
I ,
13.00
13.05
13.10
13.15
13.20
13.25
13.30
13.35
13.40
13.45
13.50
13.55
14.00
14.05
14.10
14.15
14.20
14.25
14.30
14.35
14.40
14.45
14.50
14.55
15.00
15.05
15.10
15.15
15.20
15.25
15.30
15.35
15.40
15.45
15.50
15.55
16.00
16.05
16.10
16.15
16.20
16.25
16.30
16.35
16.40
16.45
16.50
16.55
, .
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
1
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.27
0.25
0.19
0018
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
221.
EXCS
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
, 0.28
0.27
0.25
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
I
120.
LOSS
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 ,
COMP G
1030.
1035.
1 0~j6.
1091.
1136.
1180.
1214.
1234.
1247.
1255.
1260.
1263.
1265.
1271.
1293.
1323.
1347.
1362.
1371.
1382.
1407.
1438.
1505.
1695.
1961.
2192.
2366.
2515.
2651.
2780.
2901.
3002.
3093.
~1185 •
3268.
3338.
3370 •.
3311.
3124.
2876.
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2358.
2258.
2167.
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I
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1 f I
f
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1 I
1.01
j .01
1.01
1.01
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1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
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1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
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1.01
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1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
l
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
4.50
4.55
5.00
5.05
5010
5.15
5.20
5.25
5.30
5.35
5.40
5.45
5.50
5.55
6.00
6.05
6010
6015
6.20
6.25
6.30
6.35
6.40
6.45
6.50
6.55
7.00
7.05
7.10
7.15
7.20
7.25
7.30
7.35
7.40
7.45
7.50
7.55
8.00
8.05
8.10
8.15
8.20
8.25
8.30
8.35
8.40
8.45
8.50
8.55
9.00
if
l
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
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0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
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0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
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0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
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0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
674.
680.
701.
730.
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784.
788.
790.
791.
792.
792.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
793.
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910.
910.
911.
911.
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1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
t
17.00
17.05
17.10
17.15
17.20
17.25
17.30
17.35
17.40
17.45
17.50
17.55
18.00
18.05
18.10
18015
18.20
18.25
18.30
18.35
18.40
18.45
18.50
18.55
19.00
19.05
19010
19.15
19.20
19.25
19.30
19.35
19.40
19.45
19.50
19.55
20.00
20.05
20.10
20.15
20.20
20.25
20.30
20.35
20.40
20.45
20.50
20.55
21.00
21.05
21.10
21.15
21.20
21.25
21.30
21.35
21.40
2l..45
21.50
21.55
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
21.3
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
I 1
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03'
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
I j
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
l j
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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0.00
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0.00
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0.00
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182'1.
1734.
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1334.
1262.
1217.
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1163.
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623.
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580.
570.
565.
561.
558.
557.
556.
556.
556.
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556.
556.
556.
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556.
556.
556.
556.
556.
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1. 01
1.01
1.01
1 .01
1 .01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1 .01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1 .01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1. 01
1. 01
1.01
l.Ol
1. 01
9.05
9.10
9.15
9.20
9.25
9.30
9.35
9.40
9.45
9.50
9.55
10.00
10.05
10.10
10.15
10.20
10.25
10.30
10.35
10.40
10.45
10. :;;0
10.55
11.00
11.05
11.10
11.15
11.20
11.25
11.30
11.35
11.40
11.45
11.50
11.55
12.00
12.05
12.10
12.15
12.20
12.25
12.30
12.35
1:?40
12.45
12.50
12.55
I f , f 1
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
CFS
CMS
INCHES
MM
AC-FT
THOllS ell M
t
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
f'EAI~
3370.
95.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
rr r ,
911.
911.
911.
911.
911.
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938.
967.
991.
1006.
1015.
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1025.
1027.
1028.
1029.
1029.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
1030.
6-HOUR
1713.
48.
10.48
266.22
850.
1048.
, .
24-HOUR
952.
27.
23.30
591.70
1888.
2329.
f I
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1. 01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
n.oo
22.05
22.10
22.15
22.20
22.25
22.30
22.35
22.40
22.45
22.50
22.55
23.00
23.05
23.10
23.15
23.20
23.25
23.30
23.35
23.40
23.45
23.50
23.55
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
72-HOUR
900.
25.
23.70
602.10
1922.
2370.
, , r •
;'64
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 '
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
556.
~;56 •
!~~56 •
5~;j6 •
5~_i6 •
551.
529.
500.
476.
461.
452.
446.
442.
440.
439.
438.
438.
437.
437.
437.
437.
437.
437.
427.
385.
326.
278.
248.
229.
218.
211.
206.
204.
202.
201.
201.
200.
200.
200.
200.
200.
200.
200.
200.
200.
SUM 18.29 18.29 0.00 278870.
( 465.)( 465.)( 0.)( 7896.72)
TOTAL VOLUME
278883.
7897.
23.70
602.10
1922.
2370.
1 , ,
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1 i f ,
1
o
I i t
**********
tROPT
o
2323.
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o
STRKR
0.00
MO.DA HR.MN PERIOD
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
l , 1 I 1 I I
********** ********** ********** **********
SUB-AREA RUNOFF COMPUTATION
FLOW FROM DIRECT PRECIPITATION ON BLACK BEAR
ISTAa ICOMP IECON ITAPE JPLT JPRT INAME ISTAGE IAUTO
o 2 0 0 0 0 0
IUHG
-1
TARE A
0.30
HYDROGRAPH DATA
SNAP TRSDA TRSPC
0.00 0.00 0.00
F'RF.CIP DATA
RATIO
0.000
NF'
-288
STORM DAJ
0.00 0.00
DAK
0.00
DLTKR RTIOL
0.00 0.00
LOSS DATA
ERAIN STRKS RTIOK
0.00 0.00 0.00
STRTL
0.00
GIVEN UNIT GRAPH. NUHGQ= 1
ISNOW
o
CNSTL
0.00
1 0
ISAME
o
ALSMX
0.00
LOCAL
o
RTIMP
0.00
UNIT GRAPH TOTALS 2323. CFS OR 1.00 INCHES OVER THE AREA
RAIN
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
STRTa=
EXCS
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
RECESSION DATA
0.00 aRCSN= 0.00 RTIOR= 1.00
ENP-OF-PERIOD FLOW
LOSS COMP a MO.DA HR.MN PERIOD
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
'1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. .01
1.01
13.00
13.05
13.10
13.15
13.20
13.25
13.30
13.35
13.40
13.45
13.50
13.55
14.00
14.05
14.10
14.15
14.20
14.25
14.30
14.35
14.40
14.45
14.50
14.55
15.00
15.05
15.10
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
RAIN
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
e:xcs
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.22
LOSS
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
t j
COMP Q
163.
186.
186.
209.
209.
209.
209.
209.
209.
209.
209.
209.
209.
232.
232.
232.
232.
232.
232.
256.
256.
256.
441.
465.
465.
488.
511.
....
...
...
f ,
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1 .01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.55
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
4.00
4.05
4010
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
4.50
4.55
5 •• 00
5.05
5010
::;.15
5.20
5.25
5.30
5.35
5.40
5.45
5.50
5.55
6.00
6.05
6.10
6.15
6.20
6.25
6.30
6.35
6.40
6.45
6.50
6.55
7.00
7.05
7.10
7.15
1 I
2B
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
·0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
t
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
,
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
93.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
116.
, , , I
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
.,
l~).l:j
1 ~i. 20
15.25
15.30
15.35
15.40
15.45
15.50
15.55
16.00
16.05
16.10
16.15
16.20
16.25
16.30
16.35
16.40
16.45
16.50
16.55
17.00
17.05
17.10
17.15
17.20
17.25
17.30
17.35
17.40
17.45
17.50
17.55
18.00
18.05
18.10
18.15
18.20
18.25
18.30
18.35
18.40
18.45
18.50
18.55
19.00
19.05
19.10
19.15
19.20
19.25
19.30
19.35
19.40
19.45
19.50
19.55
20.00
20.05
20.10
, .
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
1
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.27
0.25
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0016
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0012
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
1
O. ~)3
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.27
0.25
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0014
0.13
0012
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
\ 0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I
~j34 •
5~j8 •
~jBl •
581.
604.
627.
627.
650.
627.
581.
441.
418.
395.
395.
372.
372.
348.
325.
325.
302.
279.
279.
186.
186.
186.
186.
186.
186.
186.
186.
186.
186.
186.
163.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
1
"
...
...
1 t , 1
j
I. .01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
".l. ~)O
7.30
7.35
7.40
7.45
7.50
7. 5~:;
8.00
8.05
8.10
8.15
8.20
8.25
8.30
8.35
8.40
8.45
8.50
8.55
9.00
9.05
9.10
9015
9.20
9.25
9.30
9.35
9.40
9.45
9.50
9.55
10.00
10.05
10.10
10.15
10.20
10.25
10.30
10.35
10.40
10.45
10.50
10.55
11.00
11.05
11. 10
11.15
11.20
11.25
11.30
11.35
11.40
11.45
11.50
11.55
12.00
12.05
12.10
12.15
8t)
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
i
o t O~~
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
o. O~)
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.,,7
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
I
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
,
" 1
116.
116.
116.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
139.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
. 1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
20.15
20.20
20.25
20.30
20.35
20.40
20.45
20.50
20.55
21.00
21.05
21.10
21.15
21.20
21.25
21.30
21.35
21. 40
21. 45
21.50
21.55
22.00
22.05
22.10
22.15
22.20
22.30
22.35
22.40
22.45
22.50
22.55
23.00
23.05
23.10
23.15
23.20
23.25
23.30
23.35
23.40
23.45
23.50
23.55
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
1. 00
1. 05
1.10
I
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
2~jl
252
253
254
255
256
257
2~j8
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
I A
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I i
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
, 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I 1
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
l
".l0.
70.
-70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
7() •
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
.46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
46.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
I
..
..
...
,
1.01 12.20
1.01 12.2~)
1.01 12.30
1.01 12.3::;
1. 01 12.40
1.01 1:Z!.45
1.01 12.50
1.01 12.55
**********
285.
622.
704.
767.
767.
767.
817.
908.
909.
937.
1050.
1051.
1051.
1079.
1192.
1193.
1389.
1555.
2680.
3965.
2402.
1376.
736.
625.
625.
625.
625.
597.
148
1.49
1 ~:jO
151
152
153
154
155
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
CFS
CMS
INCHES
MM
AC-FT
THOUS CU M
349.
624.
728.
767.
767./
767.
846.
909.
909.
959.
1050.
1051.
1051.
1100.
1192.
1193.
1423.
1579.
2877 •
3951.
2296.
1359.
693.
625.
625.
625.
576.
r I 1 f I f I
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
PEAt~
650.
18.
**********
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6-HOUR
297.
8.
9.20
233.78
147.
182.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
163.
24-HOLJR
148.
4.
18.30
464.77
293.
361.
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
I .• 15
1. 20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
72-HOUR
13K:
18.30
464.77
293.
.361.
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
O.
SUM 18.29 18.29 0.00 42497.
( 465.)( 465.)( 0.)( 120J.38)
TOTAL VOLUME
42488.
1203.
18.30
464.77
293.
361.
********** ********** **********
COMBINE HYDROGRAPHS
ISTAG ICOMP IECON ITAPE JPLT JPRT
o
INAME ISTAGE IAUTO
o 2
437.
625.
743.
767.
767.
767.
870.
909.
909.
988.
1051..
1051.
1051.
1130.
1192.
1193.
1443.
1594.
3049.
3753.
2192.
1349.
666.
625.
625.
625.
625.
546.
t
2 0 0 0
SUM OF 2 HYDROGRAPHS AT 2
508.
625.
753.
767.
767.
767. /
885.
909.
909.
1012.
1051.
1051.
1051.
1154.
1193.
1193.
1456.
1603.
3209.
3542.
2108.
1343.
650.
625.
625.
625.
625.
523.
...
553.
625.
758.
767.
767.
767.
894.
909.
909.
1027.
1051.
1051.
1051.
1169.
1193.
1193.
1464.
1638.
3361.
3270.
1920.
1339.
f I
640.
625.
625.
625.
625.
508.
r I
582.
625.
762.
767.
767.
767.
900.
909.
909.
1036.
1051.
1051.
1051.
1178.
1193.
1193.
1469.
1662.
3482.
3048.
1784.
1309.
634.
625.
625.
6~~5 •
625.
498.
, I
599.
625.
764.
767.
767.
767.
904.
909.
909.
1042.
1051.
1051.
10~H •
1184.
1193.
1221.
1472.
1694.
3605.
2858.
1635.
1172.
631.
62!5.
625.
625.
625.
492.
I •
o 0
609.
625.//
765.
767.
767~
767.
906.
909.
909.
1046.
1051.
1051.
1051.
1187.
1193.
1242.
1474.
1946.
3720.
2730.
1520.
1058.
f 1
628.
625.
625.
625.
625.
489.
616.
654.
766.
767.
767.
767.
907.
909.
909.
1048.
1051.
1051.
1051.
1190.
'1193.
1300.
1503.
2159.
3812.
2606.
1448.
916.
627.
625.
625.
625.
625.
487.
,
~'
620.
675.
767,
767.
767.
796.~
908.
909.
909.
1049.
1051.
1.0:':;1.
1051.
1191.
1193.
1345.
1525.
2426.
3919.
2492.
1403.
806.
626.
6 "~· ~,-I.
625.
625.
486.
I 1
\.
...
..
..
, ,
l
1
t j I I I l ; i 1 t I 1 j t ~
.cl ~;~:j • 'IU4, '184. 48-1. 48.11 t 4B4. 4B4. 4~i4 • ~l :~:-" t
3:,'6, 27B. 248. 229. 218. 211. 206. 204. 202.
201. 200. 200. 200. 200. 200. 200. 200. 200.
PEAt; 6-HOUR 24-HOUR 72-HOtJR TOTAl, VOLUtiE
CFS 3965. 2008. 1099. 10:P. 321370.
CMS 112. co,
,J, • 31. 29. 9100.
INCHES 10.27 22.46 22.81 22.81
MM 260.75 570.53 579.47 579.47
AC-FT 996. 2180. 2214. 2214.
THOLJS CU M 1229. 2689. 2731. 2731.
********** ********** ********** ********** **********
RUNOFF SUMMARY, AVERAGE FLOW IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND (CUBIC METERS PER SECOND)
AREA IN SQUARE MILES(SQUARE KILOMETERS)
HYDROGRAF'H AT
HYDROGRAF'H AT
2-COMBINED
1
(
2
2
i
'. ' Jr .~
F'EAK 6-HOI.JR
3370. O.
95.42)( 0.00) (
650. O.
18.42) ( Q. 00) (
3965. O.
112.28) ( 0.00) (
,i 0"
..... ,'.: t,
24-HOLJR
O.
0.00) (
O.
0.00) (
O.
0.00) (
72-HOUR
O.
0.00) (
O.
0.00) (
O.
0.00) (
AREA
0.00
0.00)
0.00
0.00)
0.00
0.00)
I t l 4
385.
:~o 1 •
200.
-
-
--
-
-APPENDIX 0
-
,~ .•
-
• -
-
1 l 1
r:;w:; HL p,e:'; • J (}(l
Edit: DSKB:BLACK.l00
*n~;)
%No slJch line(s)
*PW
%Il1eSal cOffiffiand
*F'I'i'
%Illesal
*F'EF
00010
00020
00030
00040
00050
00060
00070
00080
00090
00100
00110
00120
00130
00140
00150
00160
00170
00180
00190
00200
00210
00220
00230
00240
00250
00260
00270
00280
00290
00300
00310
00320
00330
00340
00350
Oi)360
00370
00380
00390
00400
00410
00420
00430
00440
00450
00460
00470
A
A
A
cOlTlffiand
B 390
1 3
K
1
Ii
o 268
1 .015
1 .015
1 .015
1 .015
1 .015
1 .015
1 .015
1 .015
1 .02
1 .02
1 .02
1 .02
1 .02
1 .03
1 .03
1 .04
1 .06
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
T
U
1
1
X
K
1
M
.06
.07
.07
.07
.06
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
15
520
60
o
BLACK BEAR LAKE 100-YEAR flOOD CALCULATION
5
1 1
BLACK BEAR LAKE INFLOW HYDROGRAPH
-1 1.52
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.04
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
.06
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
2110
53
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.04
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
.05
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
2943
26
1
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.04
.06
.07
.07
.07
.07
.05
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
.01
2380
19
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.07
.07
.06
.05
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
.01
1500
12
.015
:015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.07
.07
.06
.05
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
.01
942
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.04
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
.06
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
.01
560
2 1
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.04
.06
.06
.07
.07
.07
.06
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
• 01
.05
350
FLOW FROM DIRECT PRECIPITATION ON BLACK BEAR LAKE
-1 0.30
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.04
.06
.06
.07
.06
.07
.06
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
221
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.015
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.03
.03
.04
.06
.06
.07
.06
.07
.06
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.013
.01
120
Ii i l I
".
...
...
...
-
00480 0 -28:3
00490 T
00500 U
00510 1 2323
00520 X 30
005:50 t; 2 2 :2
00540 K 3 1
00550 1 FWUTE COlib INE[I BLACK I,EAR FLOWS TO BLACt( LAt(E
00560 Y 1 1
00570 1 6 -1
00580 2 81 125 190 265 324 407 478 689 918 1094
00590 3 10 20 40 70 100 150 200 400 700 1000
00600 K 0 3 1
00610 1 UF'PER EIHI OF BLACK LAt(E LOCAL RUUOFF HYDROGRAf'H
00620 M -1 4.48
00630 0 -288
00640 T .05
00650 U 45
00660 1 45 250 570 990 1500 2050 2510 2790 2891 2810
00670 1 2610 2350 2040 1750 1480 1260 1080 92:5 770 660
00680 1 560 480 405 340 2'i0 250 210 180 155 135
00690 1 120 105 90 77 64
00700 1 25 20 17 15 15
00710 X 46 1
00720 K 2 3 2 1
00730 1 COMBINEr' RUNOFF AT UPPER ENfi OF BLACt( LAt::E
OQ740 K 0 4 1
00750 1 LOWER END OF BLACK LAt(E LOCAL RUNOFF HYDROGRAF'H
00760 M -1 0.96
00770 0 -288
00780 T 0'" • ..J
00790 U 20
00800 1 150 599 1170 1394 1230 920 625 446 310 215
00810 1 145 105 72 50 35 25 18 13 9 6
00820 X 8 1
00830 K 5 1 '.
00840 1 FLOW FR0I1 DIRECT F'REC IF' ITA TI Ot~ Ot~ BL;,Ct, LAKE
00850 M -1 0.13
00860 0 -2RG I.
OOS70 T
OOH;3,j U 1
00890 1 1007 ..
()0900 X
00910 K 3 c·
..J 2
00920 K 1 6 1 " 00930 1 ::;:OUTE COMBINED BLACK BEAR ANn BLACK FLOWS TO BIG SALT LAt(E
00940 Y 1 1
00950 1 1 1 ' " -1 ..
00960 2 44 70 98 155 286 4 .::..c-..J..J 596 722 946 1330
00970 3 30 60 100 200 500 1000 1500 2000 3000 5000
00980 K 6 , 1 ~
00990 1 BIG SALT LAt,E LOCAL f,UNOFF HYDROGRAF'H
01000 M '-1 10.07
01010 0 --288 ~
()1020 T • O~~
01030 U 100
01040 1 15 44 100 219 340 468 620 819 1030 1257 "'I
01050 .I 1500 1755 2000 2252 2440 2603 2750 ;:':337 2910 2924
01060 1 2915 2866 2780 2690 2550 2456 2280 2193 2040 1930
01070 1 1780 1638 1530 1430 1330 1228 1150 1060 1000 936 ... , 1 I i' I f \ T t , , f t ( , f 1 r I f , ~ 1 I 1 ;t 1 J J ~ 1 :s • , t-
,.'\
~ ... \
o 1 <)';;0
() ll)90
,) 1 lOO
01 t 1 0
01120
01130
o 114()
01150
01160
() 1170
() 1180
01190
01200
01210
*11,',0
1
1
1
X
K t,
A
A r1
A
A
A
l 1
~:~80 8:20
410 ·48()
205 1';>0
100 'j/O
47 44
25 23
,S()
2 6
99
1 Line (00060/1) deleted
*ES
[DSKB:BLACK.I00]
• fiU HEe.l G~:;. !:.Al)
t i 1
}.~.) ""/02
355 330
175 160
85 80
42 39
21 20
1
SPECIFY INPUT DEVICE/FILENAME )BLACK.l()O
SPECIFY OUTPUT DEVICE/FILENAME )BLACK.OUT
i t 1
~~55 6(,5
305 287
150 140
75 70
.37 35
18 17
2
FILE ALREADY EXISTS -DO YOU WANT TO OVERWRITE (Y, N OR A) )Y
,'" . " STOP
END OF EXECUTION
~) CPU TIME: 24.05' ELAPSED TIME: 1:9.15
EXIT
~ • TY BLACK. DUT
1
****.************************
I,..J HEC"'l VERSION DATED SEPT 1977
EXPANDED UNOFFICIAL VERSION
AUGUST 1978
I,..J *****************.***********
1
*********.******************* ~' HEC-l VERSION DATED SEPT 1977
EXPANDED UNOFFICIAL VERSION
AUGUST 1978
*****************************
RUN DATE:15-0ct-80
__ TlME:14:38
'-' I
I I
565 526
2;'<) 2~;;O
130 120
65 60
33 31
15 14
BLACK BEAR LAKE 100-YEAR FLOOD (~LCULATION
JOB SPECIFICATION
t , I
485 4,1~)
235 219
110 105
C'C;'
..J..J 50
29 27
13 12
iW NHR N~IN IDAY IHR InIN METRC IPLT IPRT NSf AN
J I j l j I j t
3'7'0 .) 0 () 0 ,=J C' 0
J'.:wn;: :JWT LFWf"T r:::(,i:;L
~) 0 Co ,)
********** **********
SUB-AREA RUNOFF COHPUT~r[ON
BLACK BEA'" U,KE INFLOW HY[lROGf(AF'H
ISTAQ I CDriP IECOtJ ITAPE Jl"l..T JPRT INMiE ISTAGE IAUTO
1 0 0 0 O· 0 1 0 0
HYDRO GRAPH [lATA
IHYDG IUHG TAREA SNAP TRS[lA TRSPC FATIO ISNOIJ ISAHF LOCAL
0 -1 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0 0 0
PRECIP [lATA
NP STORM [lAJ IJAK
288 0.00 0.00 0.00
PRECIP PATTERN
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 t.
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 ,
0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.0] 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 \.
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 " 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 I.
0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ...
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 '0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.91 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ..
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ...
LOSS DATA
LROPT STRt~R DLTKR RTIO!. ERAW sn;:t~S RTIOt; STRTL CNSTL ,KSMX RTIMF' '" 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00
GIVEN UtHT GRAPH. NIJHGfl= 1::; ...
520. 2110. 2943. 2380. 1500. 942. 580. 350. 221. 120.
80. 53. 28. 1'" • 12.
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1.01 15.00
1.Ol 1'~.(>~:;
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1.01 l~~:.l~,=j
1.01 1~~.20
1.01 1~:;,,25
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1.01 15.40
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• 1.01 16.00
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1.01 16.10
1.0.1 16.1~j
f I
**********
70.
192.
193.
193.
t 93.
193.
193.
193.
263.
264.
264.
2.54.
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I. ". q
1 ';' '''.;
1 '.',::,
177
1":'::1
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181
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1<34
185
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1[l9
190
191
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193
194
195
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0.C8
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
CFS
CtiS
WCHES
MM
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THOUS CU M,
, 'J;'
,). ,)7
0.07
,). ()?
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() • () ':1
0.07
0.07
\J.O;I
0.07
1).0".'
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() • \) 7
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0~07
0.07
PEAt~
216.
6.
**********
Ii.' ,.I')
,; i\ i)
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l'iL
193.
19.3.
193.
193.
1 S':5 •
1 '13.
19.1.
193.
t ':, :'3 •
1'1:3-
193.
193.
193 •
216.
216.
193 •
193 •
193 •
193.
193.
6-HOUR 24-HOlJR
172. 95.
5. 3.
5.33 11.73
135.44 297.82
85. 188.
105., 231.
J ,(\ :';
J ,<.:<:
J ' ,:<~
I ,<::
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1 • (, :,~
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1.0::'
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1.0::
1.02
1.02
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~". l:i
'7 . ~~O
...... ~3~)
8.00
B.0:5
8.10
(': .15
B.20
B.25
8.30
72-'HOUR
78.
2.
13.04
331.30
209.
257.
"I,:;,:';
3.:;':;)
:5 -Y""
:371
'5;' ::
:.1 ?\
'.~ 7~:;j
37.!')
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3/'7'
3DO
381
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334
385
38,~,
:~87
388
389
390
i> • .:>~)
(> t (,::1')
C· .,1)0
<)f~>l)
(J • :,)t)
C' • :\i)
o .Oil
0.00
( ,00
('.GO
0,,)0
0.00
'~" 00
Co.i)!)
0.00
0.00
0.i)0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
i) • I,,::';)
1,1. ().;:,
r,'" (.0
o. l)O
G .• )0
0.00
O. (/0
0.00
(,.00
n.!)O
0_00
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0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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0.00
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0.00
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]0.
,:50.
30.
30.
.30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
SUM 8.00 8.00 0.00 30267.
203.)( 203.)( 0.)( 857.07)
TOTAL VOLUMF.
30286.
858.
13.04
331.30
209.
257.
********** ********** **********
COMBINE HYDROGRAPHS
ISTAQ
2
ICOMP IECON ITAPE JPLT Jf'RT
o
INA/;[ ISTAGE lAUTO
o
93.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
263.
2t,4.
:'/.,4.
264.
2.S4. , ,
125.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
208.
264.
264.
2/,4.
2.1,-1.
2,S4.
200 2
SUM OF 2 HYDROGRAPHS AT 2
151.
193.
193.
1 '7'3.
193.
193.
193.
218.
264.
:~64 •
264.
2~~4 •
::::c.4.
I
167.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
233.
264.
264.
=-)64.
~!64 •
264. , f )
1 -,-,
, l •
193.
1'1'3.
ITS.
1 ';>':! •
1 ''>1.
193.
245.
2.~4 •
2,~ ;l.
~~ Ij:'~! •
, .
184.
193.
.193.
193.
193.
193.
1 <13.
164.
;? '!> 4 •
264.
264.
314.
• I
o 0
18~l.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
.193.
257.
:?64.
264.
264.
~:~ t...\ •
3·'13.
I ,
190.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
193.
260.
264.
264.
264.
264.
3,57.
, I
191. '
193.
193.,
193.
193.
193.
193.
262.
26'1.
264.
264.
264.
f I ,
,-
t'
"
('
: :
I I I
t
1*0\.11'*
o.
0.G5 1.
0.10 2.
0.15 3.
0.20 4.
0.25
0.30
• ) .35
0.40
0.45
0.50
~ _.' .
6 •
7.
8.
9.
10.
0.55 11.
1.00 12.
1.05 13.
1.10 14.
1.15 15.
1.20 16.
1 • ::~~5 17,
1.3018.
:r.'; I
,I (, .....
799.
831.
S'70 ~
1()24.
974.
840.
257.
165.
165.
It)~5.
165.
165.
124.
67.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
100.
I
I •
I
41')'~1 •
~.:.;J13 •
,:, I 1 •
::)31.
'-':'7.1.
1\)26.
974.
€i37.
~~~21./
165.
16~; •
165.
165.
165.
12:5.
53.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
CFS
CNS
I1KHES
MH
AC--FT
THOUS ell H
-~ ,) '~i •
~545 •
~:~20.
860.
972.
10 L2.
9'74.
8()6.
199.
165.
165.
165.
165.
165.
123.
44.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
F'E At~
1026.
29.
,1·:'':-'1 _
'1 () ,~, •
824.
t,::3 j •
9]"'"
9'7'8.
973.
~'84 •
lHS.
1.!~5 •
165.
165.
165.
156.
123.
39.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
6-·HOUR
839.
24.
4.29
108.99
416.
514.
4'.~ .. 1.
·4 '3·f.
~j ?~;.~ •
r', ',-,
I()';"I •
91\).
97.3.
988.
9al~:.; •
754.
1]"' •
165.
165.
165.
165.
150.
123.
35.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
24-HOUR
374.
11 •
7.64
194.17
742.
915.
STATION 2
<329.
9:'-'1.
9:' 3.
9ii:~ •
9~'''~4 •
7:,:~9 •
1;72.
1 ~,:j.
165.
16!~ •
lb5.
I'll •
122.
:33.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
:30.
72-HOUR
284.
B.
7.87
200.02
764.
943.
INFLOW!I), OUTFLOW(O) AND OBSERVED FLOW!.)
200. 300. 4i)0. 500. 600.
I
I
I
I.
I.
I.
I.
I.
I.
I.
I.
I.
I.
r.
030.
94';; •
'in.
979.
El'7 -I •
60'( •
16-;>.
165.
165.
165.
165.
134.
122.
32.
30.
30.
30.
30.
JO.
30.
30.
30.
30.
,~":: ... .s •
~.:.; .... :-c:s: •
?OO.
:,:31.
'i'.j'7' •
'i73.
'777 t
~:;:~1 •
167.
lb5.
165.
165.
165.
130.
122.
31.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
TOTAL VOLUME
110933.
3141.
7.B7
200.02
764.
943.
700. 800.
1
745.
831.
964.
100:~ •
975.
856.
406.
166.
165.
165.
165.
165.
127.
96.
31.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
900.
1 j
~j3:·.~ •
?>'8.
831.
968.
10~3.
975.
8·4 \oS •
315.
165.
165.
16~=j •
1 ... ~5 •
165 .•
12:j.
64.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
:~O •
30.
30.
30.
30.
1000. 1100. o.
..
..
It
It
I
1.3~:; 19.
1.40 :::0.
1. .4::-j 21.
1.50 22.
1.::::-.; 2:3.
:'.00 24.
2.05 ~5.
2.11) 26.
:~t15 27.
~~. 20 28.
2.25 29.
2.30 30.
2.35 31.
2.40 32.
2.·45 33.
2.50 34.
2.55 35.
3.00 36.
3.05 37.
3.10 38.
3.15 39.
3.20 40.
3.25 41.
3.30 42.
3.35 43.
3.40 44.
3.45 45.
3.50 46.
3.55 47.
4.00 48.
4.05 49.
4.10 50.
4·1::-; 51.
4.20 52.
4.25 53.
4.30 54.
4.35 55.
4.40 56.
4.45 57.
4.50 58.
4.55 59.
5.00 60.
5.':>5 61.
5.10 62.
5.15 63.
!,:j.20 64.
C" ",C"
.... I ... : • ...} 65.
5.30 66.
5.35 67.
5.40 68.
5.45 69.
70.
71.
6.00 72.
6.05 73.
6.10 74.
6.15 75.
6.20 76.
6.25 77.
6.30 7E1.
I I , ,
I •
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[ .
I •
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1;" t t • t t t , I t 1 1 i I l •
'.~) . . ~ ~:; 79 .
6 • .;:~O 80. I
6.45 81. I
\£.50 B2. I
b.55 8.3. I
7.00 84. I
7.05 85. I
7.10 86. I -, 7.15 8"" I , .
7.20 88. I
7.25 89. I -. 7.30 90. I
7.35 91. I
7.40 92. I
7 • .;:\5 93. I
7.50 94. I
7 L~C"' ....... 95 • I
8.00 96. I
8.05 97. I
8.10 98. I
8.15 99. I
8.20100. I
B.25101. I
8.30102. I
8.35103. I
8.40104. I
8.45105. I
8.50106. I
8. ~.;5107. I
9.00108. I
9.05109. I
9.10110. I
i,.J 9015111. I
9.20112. I
9.25113. I
-J 9.30114. I
9.35115. I
9.40116. I ,.., 9.45117. I
9.50118. I
9.55119. I
,~ 10.00120. I
10.05121. I
10.10122. I
''; 10.15123. I
10.20124. I
10.25125. I
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10.35127. • I
10.40128.
4 10.45129. I
10.50130. I
10.55131. I •
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11. 05133. I
11.10134. I
. .1 11.15135 • I
11.20136. I
11.25137. • I
.I 11.30138. • I
11. ::~5139. • I
11.-4.)14(). • r ... l1.<l~514l. • I 11. ::;0142. • I
11.5~5143. • I 12.00144. • I
12.05145.
12.10146. I
12.15147.
12.20148. • I
12.25149. I
12.30150. I
12.35151. I
12.40152. 1
12.45153. I
12.50154. I
12. 551 ~.;j5 • I
13.00156. I
13.05157. I
13.10158. I
13.15159. I ",
13.20160. I
13.25161. I
13.30162. • I ... ,
13.35163. I
13.40164. I
13.45165. I n
13.50166. I
13.55167. I
14.00168. I C)
14.05169. I
14.10170. I
14.15171. I 10.;
14.201'72. I
14.251'73. I
14.30174. I 'oJ,
14.35175. • I
14.40176. I
14.45177. I I..J
14.50178. I
14.55179. I
15.00180. I "" 15.05181. I
15.10182. I
15.15183. I v
15.20184. I
15.25185. I
15.30186. I ""'" 15.35187. I
15.40188. I
15.45189. I v
15.50190. I
15.55191. I
16.00192. I -16.05193. • I
16.10194, I
16. 1519~i. I • ....,
16.20196. I
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16.30198. I '-' , I , I , , r I , , f J f " f , f , , I f , t I f I I , , • I ~ 1 I 1 "Ii
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17.10206. I .. 17.15207. I.
17.20208. I
17.25209. I
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17.40212. I
17.45213. • I
17.50214. I
17.55215. I
18.00216. I
18.05217. • I
18.10218. . I
18.15219. • I
18.20220. • I
18.25221. I
18.30222. I
18.35223. I
18.40224. I •
18.45225. I
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18.55227. I
19.00228. I
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20.00240. I ...
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20.15243. I ...
20.20244. I
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20.30246. I ..
20.35247. I
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21.0525:3. I
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21 .40'.::,60. I ~'
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2.00312. I 100
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3.10326.
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3.20328.
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5.00348.
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5. 50:i58.
5.55359.
6.00360.
6.05361.
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6.25365.
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7.25377 •
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SUM 83110.
2353.42)
PEAK 6-HOUR 24-HOllR 72-HOUR TOTAL VOLUI1E
CfS A°Z. 402. 370. 258. 213. 83110.
CMS 11 • 10. 7. 6. 2353.
INCI-IES 1.89 5.27 5.90 5.90
THOUS
**********
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MM
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48.09 133.76 149.86 149.86
184. 511. 573. 573.
227. 631. 706. 706.
********** **********
SUB-AREA RUNOff CONPUTATION
********** **********
UPPER END Of BLACK LAKE LOCAL RUNOff
ISTAO ICOMP IECON ITAPE JPLT JPRT
3 0 0 000
HYDROGRAPH DATA
INAMF.: ISTAGE
1 0
IAUTO
o
WHG TAREA SNAP TRSDA TRSPC RATIO ISNOIJ ISAtiE LOCAL
-1 4.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0 0 0
PRECIP DATA
NP STORM DAJ DAK
-288 0.00 0.00 0.00
LOSS DATA
DLTKR RTIOL ERAIN STRt(S RTlOt( STRTL CNSTL ALSMX RTIMP
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00
GIVEIl UNIT GRAPH, NUHGO= 45
570. 990. 1500. 2050. 2510. 2790. 2891. 2810.
2040, 1750. 1480. 1260. 1080. 925. 770. 660.
405. 340. 290. 250. 210. 180. 1 re:o ..J..J, 135.
90. 77. 640. O. O. o. o. O.
17. , 15. 15.
UNIT GRAPH TOTALS 35460. CfS OR 1.02 INCHES OVER THF. AREA
RECESSION DATA'
STRTO= 46.00 'QRCSN= 0.00 RTIOR= 1.00
END-Of-PERIon fLOIJ
RAIN EXeS LOSS COI1P 0 MO.flA HR .IH~ PERIOD RAIN Exes LOSS
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t
1
**********
117.
323.
467.
499.
513.
517.
521.
524.
596.
687.
712.
724.
730.
790.
1024.
1172.
1530.
2050.
2357.
2617.
1 ~:) :.,!
lb]
1B4
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lB.:'
187
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190
191
192
193
194
195
0.07
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0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.08
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0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
CFS
CMS
INCHES
MM
AC-FT
THOUS CU M
120.
349.
472.
500.
513.
518.
521.
525.
610.
691.
7l3.
724.
731.
816.
1036.
1203.
1590.
2077.
2394.
2636.
O. l)?
CO.O/'
0.07
0.1)7
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
O.GO
G.GO
0.00
O. ()O
0.00
0.00
0.00
C'.OO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2157.
2187.
2213.
2237.
~!257 •
2274.
2288.
2307.
2320.
2339.
2353.
2368.
2383.
2398.
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1 • (i:.~
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.0:>
1. 02
1. 02
7. 2~j
7.30
I' • 4()
?45
7 .t:iO
7.55
8.00
8.05
8.10
8.15
8.20
t;~
377
378
379
380
:~8l
382
383
38·4
385
386
387
388
389
390
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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SUM 8.00 6.80 1.20 259094.
203.)( 173.)( 30.)( 7336.72)
PEAK
2419.
68.
**********
6-HOUR
1999.
57.
4.15
105.41
992.
1223.
24-HOUR
879.
25.
7.30
185.42
1744.
2151.
**********
72-HOUR
664.
19.
7.47
189.80
1785.
2202.
COMBINE HYDROGRAPHS
TOTAl. VOl.UME
259103.
7337.
7.47
189.80
1785.
2202.
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COMBINED RUNOFF AT UPPER END OF bLAC
**********
ISTAQ ICOMP IECON ITAPE JPLT JPRT I NAl1F.: I STAGE IAUTO
o 3 2 002 0
126.
371.
477.
501.
514.
518.
522.
525.
624.
695.
714.
725.
731.
844.
1047.
1236.
1653.
2101.
2428.
2655.
SUM OF
137.
391.
481.
503.
514.
518.
522.
527.
636.
698.
715.
726.
732.
874.
1055.
1267.
1718.
2124.
2459.
2675.
2 HYDROGRAPHS AT
153. 17::';.
407. 421.
485. 488.
510. !HO.
515. ~15.
519. 519.
522.
530.
647.
701.
716.
726.
732.
903.
1064.
1297.
1782.
2149.
2487.
2694.
523.
53:j.
657.
703.
7L'.
727.
733.
930.
1073.
1326.
1841.
2175.
2512.
3
202.
433.
491.
511.
516.
519.
523.
543.
665.
705.
721.
728.
737.
955.
1084.
1355.
1895.
2~~05 •
2534.
2722.
1 0
232.
444.
493.
511.
516.
520.
523.
5~j4 •
672.
707.
722.
/'28.
743.
976.
1099.
1388.
1943.
2238.
2553.
2729.
264.
453.
495.
512.
516.
1520.
524.
567.
678.
709.
722.
729.
753.
995.
1119.
1426.
1984.
2281.
2576.
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295.
460.
497.
512.
517.
520.
524.
581.
683.
710.
723.
730.
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222E~ • 2117. 1998. 1865. 1726. 1600. 1483. 1379. 1289. 1211.
1145. 1089. 1040. '198. 963. 932. 906. 884. 859. 843.
830. 818. B07. 798. 790. 782. 770. ?65. 760. 756.
731. 729. 728. 726. 725. 723. 721. 719. 717. ;'15.
714. 712. 711. 710. 709. 708. 706. 705. 704. 703.
702. 700. 699. 698. 696. 693. 689. 684. 676. 668.
658. 648. 639. 630. 621. 614. 607. 601. 596. 590.
583. 573. 561. 547. 529. 510. 491. 472. 454. 438.
424. 412. 401. 391. 383. 376. 369. 362. 357. 352.
348. 344. 341. 338. 335. 33~~ • 330. 327. 325. 323.
321. 319. 313. 312. 310. 309. t 307. 306. 304. 303.
301. 299. 29B. 296. 295. 294. 292. 291. 289. 288.
287. 285. 284. 283. 281. 280. 279. 277. 276. 275.
273. 272. 271. 269. 268. 267. 266. 264. 263. 262.
261. 260. 258. 257. 256. 255. 254. 253. 251. 250.
249. 248. 247. 246. 245. 244. 243. 243. 242. 241.
240. 239. 239. 238. 237. 236. 235. 235. 234. 233.
f'EAK 6-HOUR 24-HOUR 72-HIJUR TOTAL VOLUME .. .
CFS 2737. 2279. 1089. 877. 342214.
CMS 78. 65. 31. 25. 9690.
INCHES 3.37 6.43 7.02 7.02
MM 85.49 163.42 178.26 178.26
AC-FT 1131. 2162. 2358. 2358.
THOUS CU M 1395. 2667. 2909. 2909.
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FLOW FROM DIRFCT PRECIPITATION OU BL
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5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
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PREC IF' DATA
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60.
60.
60.
60.
60.
60.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
81.
81.
70.
70.
70.
70.
70.
f , , I
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.0:!
J I
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
4.50
4.55
5.00
5.05
5.10
5.15
5.20
5.25
5.30
5.35
5.40
5.45
5.50
5.55
6.00
6.05
6.10
6.15
6.20
6.25
6.30
6.35
6.40
6.45
6.50
6.55
7.00
7.05
7.10
7.15
7.20
7.25
7.30
7.35
7.40
7.45
7.50
7.55
8.00
6.05
8.10
8.15
8.20
8.25
8.30
I •
332
333
334
33~J
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
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356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
3?8
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
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0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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0.00
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0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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142.
424.
572.
604.
618.
623.
626.
630.
741.
8~6.
860.
872.
879.
1003.
1258.
1478.
1976.
2542.
2929.
3215.
3318.
3183.
2439.
1239.
918.
819.
802.
790.
724.
624.
433.
356.
329.
309.
295.
281.
269.
CFti
eMS
WCHES
MM
AC-FT
THOUS CU M
151.
451.
578.
606.
619.
623.
627.
630.
756.
840.
862.
873.
879.
1035.
1270.
1514.
2050.
2569.
2968.
3242.
3317.
3153.
2292.
1182.
906.
818.
801.
739.
713.
.S07.
421.
352.
327.
307.
293.
2ao.
;:~68 •
81.
**********
6·,HOUf;:
·1.40
111. 85
31.
38.
24 -·HOUR
~!8 •
1 •
8.01
203.39
**********
i
L
;' 2 -+IOUR
21.
1.
a.Ol
203.39
56.
68.
COMBINE HYDROGRAPHS
ISTAQ ICOMP IECON ITAPE JPLT
5
170.
475.
583.
607.
619.
624.
627.
637.
771.
844.
863.
874.
880.
1068.
1281.
1549.
2124.
2605.
3004.
3262.
3316.
3112.
2147.
1132.
896.
816.
800.
708.
703.
587.
410.
349.
321.
306.
292.
279.
266.
3 0 0 2
SUM OF 3 HYDROGRAPHS AT 5
196.
494.
587.
608.
620.
624.
628.
641.
784.
847.
864.
874.
881.
1101.
1290.
1583.
2196.
2635.
3036.
3277.
3316.
3076.
1997.
1090.
886.
815.
798.
,'83.
693.
567.
400.
346.
320.
304.
291.
277.
26!'i,
225.
511.
590.
616.
621.
624.
628.
650.
795.
849.
865.
875.
881.
1132.
1310.
1625.
2264.
2672.
3065.
3290.
3305.
3033.
1846.
1051.
878.
813.
797.
779.
685.
546.
392.
343.
318.
303.
239.
276.
264.
257.
526.
594.
616.
621.
625.
628.
663.
804.
852.
866.
876.
894.
1161.
1325.
1661.
2326.
2712.
3090.
3301.
,3298.
2988.
1710.
1021.
871.
812.
796.
773.
677.
524.
384.
340.
317.
302.
2as.
2;I~j •
263.
1
SUM 8.00 8.00 0.00 800J.
( 203.)( 203.)( 0.)( :!:'6 .. ~:2)
TOTM, \"OLlH1E
8057.
228.
8.01
203.39
56.
68.
***u***** **********
JPRT
o
291.
538.
596.
616.
621.
625.
629.
677.
813.
854.
870.
877.
903.
1187.
1349.
1715.
2382.
2754.
3112.
3309.
3289.
2897.
1588.
995.
859.
809.
795.
765.
670.
503.
377.
338.
315.
300.
287.
~~74 •
262.
INAME ISTAGE IAUTO
o o 0
326.
548.
599.
617.
622.
625.
629.
692.
820.
856.
871.
877.
921.
1209.
1378.
1768.
2431.
2797.
3132.
3315.
3266.
2821.
1480.
972.
853.
807.
794.
755.
664.
483.
370.
335.
314.
299.
285.
272.
261.
361.
558.
601.
617. :
622.
626.
629.
708.
826.
857.
871.
878.
945.
1228.
1409.
1830.
2474.
2845.
3167.
3317.
3240.
2712.
'1337.
947.
848.
806.
792.
745.
648.
465.
365.
333.
312.
297.
284.
271.
259.
394.
566.
602.
618.
622.
626.
630.
724.
831.
859,
872.
878.
973.
1244.
1443.
1905.
2510.
2888.
3190.
3318.
3212,
2581.
1307.
932.
844.
804.
791.
735 •
639.
448.
360.
331.
311.
296.
2B3.
2~70 •
:~57 • 25~~) ~ :~~;5 • ~~.: ~.;.; " . 253. :::~.:.;2 • 2~;.l. 2~51 • 250. 249.
248. 247. 247. 2·16. 24~:; , 2·\4 • 243. :, 43. 242. 2'11.
PEAt, 6-HOUR 24-·HOLJR ?2-·fiOUR TOT M. VOL l.!llE
CFS ;018 3318. 275'1. 1302. 1039. 40~~;~: 0 1 •
eMS 94. 78. 37. 29. 114;'4.
INCHES 3. '17 6.56 7.08 7.08
MI1 88.22 166.54 179.94 179.94
AC-·FT 1369. 258,4. 2792. 2?92.
THOLJS CU 11 1688. 3187. 3444. 3444.
1*OVF*
STATION 5
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********** ********** ********** **********
HYDRO GRAPH ROUTING
ROUTE COMBINED BLACK BEAR A~D BLACK F , • 1 I , , 1 I I , I , J 1 , I J I I
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1.01 0.35 7 122. 142. 142. 0. O.
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1.01 0.45 9 122. 142. 142. O. O.
1.01 0.50 10 122. 142. 142. O. 0.
1.01 0.55 11 122. 142. 142. O. 0.
1.01 1.00 12 122. 142. 142. O. O. C
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1.01 1.10 14 122. 142. 142. O. O.
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1.01 1.25 17 122. 142. 142. O. O.
1.01 1.30 IB 122. 146. 142. O. O. 1..,
1.01 1.35 19 122. 160. 142. O. O.
1.01 1.40 20 122. 183. 142. O. O.
1.01 1.45 21 123. 210. 143. O. O. "" 1 • 01 1.50 22 123. 241. 144. O. O.
1.01 1.55 23 124. 274. 146. O. O.
1.01 2.00 24 125. 309. 148. O. 0. tW
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1.01 2.10 26 128. 378. 153. O. 0.
1.01 2.15 27 130. 409. 156. O. O. ~
1.01 2.20 28 132. 438. 160. O. 0.
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1.01 2.30 30 136. 465. 167. O. O. """ 1.01 2.35 31 138. 503. 171. 0.' O.
1.01 2.40 32 141. :;'16. 175. O. O.
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1.01 2.55 35 148. 553. la8. O. 0.
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676.
669.
663.
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650.
644.
638.
632.
627.
621.
616.
610.
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600.
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591.
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1534.
1434.
1347.
1273.
1210.
1157.
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1071.
1036.
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984.
960.
940.
925.
912.
901.
891.
882.
875.
865.
856.
851.
846.
832.
818.
817.
815.
814.
813.
811.
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807.
805.
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801.
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795.
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2602.
2618.
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2668.
2659.
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2628.
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2582.
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2490.
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2383.
2346.
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2196.
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2087.
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1986.
1956.
1927.
1899.
1871.
1844.
1817.
1791.
1765.
1739.
1714.
1690.
1667.
1644.
1621.
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1.01
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1. 02
1. 02
1.02
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1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.01
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.:20
0,25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1 • :~O
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.55
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
f
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345 ,
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556.
552.
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545.
541.
537.
534.
530.
527.
523.
519.
516.
512.
509.
505.
502.
499.
495.
492.
488.
485.
482.
478.
474.
471.
467.
463.
460.
456.
452.
448.
444.
440.
437.
433.
429.
425.
422.
418.
414.
411.
407.
404.
400.
397.
394.
390.
387.
384.
381.
378.
375 •.
372.
369.
366.
363.
360.
357.
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781.
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769.
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750.
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729.
719.
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681.
674.
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631.
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427.
415.
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351.
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336.
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332.
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328.
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318.
316.
315.
313.
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1387.
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1241.
1229.
1216.
1204.
1191.
1179.
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1131.
1119.
1106.
1094.
1082.
1069.
1056.
1043.
1030.
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1003.
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946.
934.
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912.
901.
890.
879.
869.
858.
848.
838.
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780.
771.
762.
753.
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I I I I f I
1"
CFS
CMS
WCHES
MM
AC-FT
THOUS CU M
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1. 02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
4.50
.4, 5~j
~';. 00
~.:'. 05
".'j.10
5.15
5.20
!'~. 2~)
5.30
5.35
5.40
5.45
5.50
5.55
6.00
6.05
6.10
6.15
6.20
6.25
6.30
6.35
6.40
6.45
6.50
6.55
7.00
7.05
7.10
7.15
7.20
7.25
7.30
7.35
7.40
7.45
7.50
7.55
8.00
8.05
8.10
8.15
8.20
8.25
8.30
PEAt;
2674.
76.
:.\46
:347
348
349
350
3~i1
352
353
354
]~:j5
356
3~j7
3~;8
3~j9
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
:386
387
388
389
390
6-HOUR
2245.
64.
2.83
71.78
1114.
1374.
349.
34'7.
344.
342.
339.
337.
334.
332.
330.
327.
325.
323.
321.
319.
316.
314.
312.
310.
308.
306.
305.
303.
301.
299.
297.
295.
294.
292.
290.
289.
287.
285.
284.
282.
281.
279.
278.
276.
275.
273.
272.
270.
269.
24-HOUR
1228.
35.
6.1B
'156.99
2436.
3005.
:311.
310.
308.
307.
305.
304.
302.
301.
299.
298.
297.
295.
294.
293.
291.
290.
289.
287.
286.
285.
283.
282.
281.
279.
278.
2'77.
276.
274.
273.
272.
269.
268.
267.
266.
265.
263.
262.
261.
260.
259.
258.
257.
255.
254.
SLIM
72-HOUR
980.
28.
6.68
1,s9.75
2634.
3249.
?03.
695.
687.
67'i.
6T~).
664.
657.
650.
643.
636.
6:!'jI.
622.
616.
609.
603.
596.
590.
584.
578.
572.
566.
561.
555.
549.
544.
539.
533.
528.
523.
518.
E~ ..... ..J.I~.
~;08 •
503.
499.
495.
491.
488.
484.
481.
477.
474.
471 •.
467.
464.
461.
382268.
10824.63)
TOTAL VOLUME
382268.
10825.
6.68
169.75
2634.
3249.
o.
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LROF'T
o
15.
1500.
2915.
1780.
880.
410.
205.
100.
47.
25.
**:+:*****n
SUB-AREA RUNOFF COMPUTATION
BIG SALT LAKE LOCAL RUNOFF HYDROGRAP
ISTAQ ICOMP IEeON ITAPE JPLT JPRT r NAtlE IS H,GE IAUTO
o 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
IHYItG
o
IUHG
-·1
TARE{;
10.0;>
HYDROGRAF'H DAT t~
SNAF' TRSDA TRsPC
0.00 0.00 0.00
NP
-288
F'RECIF' [lATA
STORM IlAJ
0.00 0.00
LOSS [lATA
R,;TIO
0.000
[I,~,I-;:
0.00
t
IS/WW
o
I St.t1E o
STRt;R
0.00
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0.00
RTIOL
0.00
ERAIN STRKS RTIOK
0.00 0.00 0.00
STFnL
0.00
CllS Tl.
0.05
/~I SMX
0.00
GIVEN UNIT GRAPH, NUHGQ= 100
44. 100. 219. 340. 468. 620. 819.
1755. 2000. 2252. 2440. 2603. 2750. 2937.-
2866. 2780. 2690. 2550. 2456. 2280. 2193.
1638. 1530. 1430. 1330. 1228. 1150. 1060.
820. 760. 702. 655. 605. 565. 526.
480. 355. 330. 305. ~!87. 270. 250.
190. 175. 160. 150. 1'1,). 130. 120.
90. 85. 80. 75. 70. 65. 60.
44. 42. 39. 37. 35. 33. 31.
23. 21. 20. 18. 17. 15. 14.
UNIT GRAPH TOTALS 79006. CFS OR 1.01 INCHES OVER THF. AREA
RECESSIotl DATA
STRTG= 60.00 GRCSN= 0.00 RTIOR= 1.00
END-OF-PERIOD FLOW
l.OCAL
(,
RTIMF'
0.00
1030.
2910.
2040.
1000.
485.
110.
1::. C" oJoJ.
29.
13.
1257.
2924.
1930.
93l> •
445.
219.
105.
SO.
27.
12.
MO.DA HR.MN PERIOD RAIN EXCS LOSS COMP G MO.DA HR.MN PERIOD RAIN EXCS LOSS
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.0l.
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1. 01 ,
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1. 30
1 • 3~j
1.4()
J
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I,)
11
12
13
14
1 ej
16
17
la
1 ':;>
20
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02.
0,,)2
0,02
0.02
().o:·~
0.0?
O. O~~
1
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
o.Ot
1
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
. 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.c-o
0,00 ,
60.
61.
62.
64.
68.
73.
80.
88.
100.
113.
129.
148.
170.
195.
221.
249.
279.
310.
341.
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..,) . ..).
f , 1
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1. () 1
1.01
l. (> I
1. 01
1. 01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1
16.20
16.25
16.30
16.35
16.40
16.45
16.50
16.55
17.00
17.05
17.10
17.15
17.20
17.25
17.30
1'7.3:)
l'7.4()
17 .45
17.50
17.~)5
I
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
:~04
205
::06
207
::08
::09
210
211
212
213
214
~1 ~'i
J
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0 •• )6
0.06
O.Ot.
0.06
0.06
0.05
C.05
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
'0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0,06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.(05
0.05
0.05 ,
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
COMF' G
4595.
4646.
4694.
4740.
4783.
4824.
4863.
4899.
4931.
'1961.
4988.
501:' •
5033.
5050.
5 .. :'63.
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5079.
5032.
5081.
5075.
1 I
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....
....
....
....
•
1 , Cl1
I ,01
1.01
1 , ;) 1
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1 • Co 1
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1. 01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1. 01
1. 01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01 .
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1 • (11
1. 01
1.01
I
1 , .:~ :.:.
1 • 5~5
2.00
2. O~:j
:2.10
2.15
2.20
2.25
2.30
2.35
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.55
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
4.50
4.55
5.00
5.05
5.10
5.15
5.20
5.25
5.30
5.35
5.40
5.45
5.50 .,. .,..,.
,~. ~...J
6.00
6.05
6.10
6.15
6.20
6.25
6.30
6. 3~)
6.40
26
27
28
~~9
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
~j3
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
7;.i
79
80
C" o:~
0.02
0,02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
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2235.
2604.
3128.
3991.
4992.
5939.
6755.
7289.
7307.
6317.
4939.
3.~97 •
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1992.
1689.
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2646.
3199.
4088.
5091.
6029.
6821.
7321.
7259.
6172.
4703.
3609.
2932.
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1965.
1655.
1323.
1085.
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1710.
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6118.
6885.
7348.
7198.
6024.
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2882.
2490.
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1620.
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1066.
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********** ********** ********** ********** **********
RUNOFF SUMMARY, AVERAGE FLOW IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND (CUBIC METERS PER SECOND)
AREA IN SQUARE HIlES(SQUARE KILOMETERS)
HYDFWGr~AF'H AT
PEAK
834.
6-HOUR
O.
24--HOUR
O.
72-HDUR
O.
AREA
0.00
i I 1.
..
..
...
I
HYDROGRAF'H AT :?
2-COtHHNEII '2
.
ROUTED TO J
(
HYIIROGRAPH AT 3
(
2-COM[lINED J
(
HY[lROGRAf'H AT 4
(
HYIIROGRAf'H AT ::;
3-COMBINED 5
ROUTE[J TO 6
(
• HY[lROGRAf'H AT 6
(
2-COMBINED 6
(
. ' .
1 I 1 J , , , ,
23.¢.1)(
216.
6.11)(
1026.
29.07)(
402'.
11 .38) (
2419.
68.49) (
2737.
77.50) (
53.S.
15.17)(
81.
2.28) (
3318.
93.95)(
2674.
75.72) (
5082.
143.90) (
7396.
209.43)(
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0.00)( 0.00)( 0.00)
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0.00)( 0.00)( 0.00)
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0.00)( 0.00)( 0.00)
, I
-
....
-
APPENDIX E
.-
-
-
l l l. i
~
r,F'EF
().JOI0 A BLACK £tEAR LAKE f'HF ROUTING
00020 A 30' SPILLWAY Wl['TH
00030 A
00040 B 150 30
00050 1 3
00060 K 1
00070 1 BLACK BEAR LAKt:: f'I1F INtL_OW
00080 H -1 1.82
00090 N 200 513 513 513
00100 N 513 513 552 552
00110 N 552 552 552 552
00120 N 552 552 552 552
00130 N 552 '552 552 552
00140 N 623 646 710 764
00150 N 907 909 909 909
00160 N 1064 1167 1192 1193
00170 N 3829 3200 2349 1618
00180 N 625 625 625 625
00190 N 513 513 513 '513
00200 N 493 493 493 493
00210 N 493 482 482 482
00220 N 482 482 482 466
00230 N 466 466 466 466
00240 K 1 1
00250 1 ROUTING OVER 3()' SPILLWAY
00260 Y 1 1
00270 1 1
00280 2 192.2 384.8 577.4 771.0
00290 3 119 335 616 948
00300 K 99
00310 A
00320 A
00330 A
00340 A
00350 A
*A290
00290 :5 119 335 616 948
*P280:290
00280 2 192.2 384.8 577.4 771.0
00290 3 119 335 616 940
*ES
tDSK9:ROUTE.35l
.R HECRAN
SPECIFY INPUT [IEVICE/FILt:t-!AME >ROUTE. 35
SPECIFY OUTPUT DEVICE/FILENAME )ROUTE,OUT
!HOP
END OF EXECU1ION
CPU TIMEI 0.52 ELAPSED TIME: 13.37
EXIT
.. , , i t j I I j , i I , t j t " , j 4,
P,'YtF au hI", kI3'3~.H()
\/z..<1/8f CAF
; 1
51:$ 513 513 51.3 513 513
552 552 552 552 552 552
552 552 552 552 552 552
552 ~j52 552 552 552 552
!i52 ~52 552 552 552 623
767 767 767 767 772 869
993 1040 1051 1051 1051 1051
1193 1320 1463 1560 1921 311(1
1346 897 t.42 625 625 625
541 552 552 513 513 513 ,"
513 513 513 ~.13 513 493
493 493 493 493 493 4n
482 482 402 "102 482 482
466 ~66 466 466 466 466
466 200 200 200 200
1
. 1
964.7 1158.8 1353.2 1548.0
132::i 1742 2195 2681
\
1325 1742 \\ \\ 2195 2681
964.7 1158.8 13'5'3.2 1548.0
1325 1742 219::i 2601
• TYPE FWUTE, OUT
1
1
**************************** HEC-l VERSION DATED JAN 1973
lIf'IIATEII AUG 74
CHANGE NO. 01
****************************
**************************** HEC-l VERSION DATED JAN 1973
Uf'IIATEII AUG 74
CHANGE t40. 01
**************************** BLACK £lEAR LAKE PHF ROU'fING
30' SPILLWAY WIDTH
JOB SPECIFICA110N
~Q NHR NMIN lIIAY IH~ IHIN METRC If'L,T IPR'f NS'fAN
I' , f I
150 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
JOPER NWT
3 0
********** ********** **********
200.
513.
552.
552.
552.
623.
907.
1064.
3829.
625.
513.
493.
493.
482.
466.
, , f:
SU~-AREA RUNOFF COH~UTATION
BLACK BEAR LAKE PHF INFl.OW
ISTAQ ICOMP IECON
100
ITAPE o
HYDROGRAF'H [lATA
JPLl o
IHVDG lUHO TARt:.A SNAP TRSM TF:SF'C F:ATIO
-1 0 1.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
INPUT HYllROGRAf'H
513. 513. 513. 513. 513.
513. 552. 552. 552. 552.
552. 552. 5S2. 552. 552.
552. 552. 552. 552. 552.
552. 552. 5:52. 552. 552.
646. 710. 764. 767. 767.
909. 909. 909. 993. 1040.
1167. 1192. 1193. 1193. 1320.
3200. 2349. 16Hh 1346. 897.
625. 625. 625. 541. 552.
513. 513. 513. 513. 513.
493. 493. 493. 493. 493.
482. 482. 482. 482. 482.
482. 482. 4(.6. 466. 466.
466. 466. 466. 466. 200.
PEAt, 6-·HOLJR 24-tlOlIr: ?2-HOU~'<
eFS 3829. 2009. 110'5. 712.
INCHES 10.27 22.60 43.68
fiC-'FT 996. 21S'3. 4240.
I ( . I , f I , , f 1 I ,
**********
JI-'RT o
ISNOW
0
513.
552.
C'U' .. ) ",I~-.
552.
Se.;2.
767.
10~1.
1463.
642.
552.
513.
493.
482.
466.
200.
TOlAL
I
INANE
1
lSjM1E
0
513.
552.
5!52f
552.
552.
767.
1051.
1560.
625.
513.
513.
493.
482.
4(,6.
200.
VOLUME
103553.
44.11
42C1.
I
**********
LOCAL
0
513. 513.
552. 552,
5ei2. 552.
c.'&:",,) ;J;;:J ... 552. ...
552. 623.
772. 869.
1051. 1051.
\ 1 ~':O'1 • 3110.
625. 625.
513. 513. ...
513'. 493.
4<;'3. 493.
402. 482, ...
466. 4(,6.
200. O.
, , 1 I , I
I I j t I 1 I j I j I I
********** ********** ********** **********
HYDROGRAPH ROUTING
ROUTING OVt::R 30' SPILLWAY
ISTAQ ICOMP IECON ITAPE Jt"LT JPIH INAHF:
1 1 0 0 0 0 1
f.:OUTING DATA
QLOSS CLOSS AVD IRES ISAHE
0.0 0.000 1.00 1 0
NSTPS NSTrIL LAG AHSKK X TSK STDRA
1 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 -1.
STORAGE= 192. 3B5. 577. 771. 965. 1159. 1353. 154CJ. O. O.
DUTFLOU" 119. 335. 616. 948. 1325. 1742. 2195. 26Bl. O. O.
TIME EOP STOR AVG IN EOP OU'f
1 264. 200. 200.
2 277. 513. 214.
3 2B9. 513. 228.
,<> 4 301. 513. 241.
5 312. 513. 2~3.
6 322. 513. 265.
7 332. 513. 276. , , B 342. 513. 2B7. ., 351. 513 • 297.
,~' ,I
10 360. 513. 307.
11 36B. 513. 316.
12 376. 513. 325.
13 3B5. 552. 335.
\~ ,) 14 394. 552. 340.
15 '402. 552. 360.
I,j 16 410. 552. 371.
17 417. 552. 382.
lB 424. S~2. 392.
19 430. 552. 401.
'-20 436. 552. 410.
21 442. 552. 418.
22 447. 552. 42b.
'-' 23 452. 552. 433.
24 457. 552. 440.
25 462. 552. 447.
i"... 26 466. 552. 453.
27 470. 552. 459.
2B 473. 552. 464.
'-29 477. S~2. 469.
30 4BO. 552. 474.
31 4B3. 552. 479.
'-32 4B6. 552. 403.
33 469. 552. 407.
34 492. 552. 491.
~ 35 494. 552. 495.
36 496. 552. 49B.
37 499. 552. 501.
V 38 501. 5S2. 504.
39 503. 552. 50"1.
40 504. 552. 50S'.
0 41 506. 552. 512.
42 508. 5~j2 ! til4.
43 509. ... co.,. ... ,.J.:.. .• 517 •
44 511. 552. 51/j1.
45 512. 552. 521.
46 513. 552. 522.
47 :;14. 552. 524.
48 516. 552. 526.
49 517. 552, 527.
50 520. 623. 533.
51 524. 623. 538.
~2 528. 646. 544.
53 535. 710. 5S4.
54 54l. 764. 566.
55 551. 767. 578.
56 559. 767. 58Y.
57 566. 767. 600.
58 573. 76"1. 609.
5'1 579. 772. 619.
60 589. 869. 637.
61 600. 907. 655.
62 610. 909. 672.
63 620. 909. 68/j1.
64 629. 909. 704.
6:5 640. 993. 723.
66 653. 1048. 746.
67 665. 1051. 76"1.
68 677. 1051. 786. I ~
69 687. 1051. £104.
70 697. 10::;1. 821.
71 707. 1064. 838. t t
72 720. 1167. 860.
73 733. 1192. 883.
74 745. 1193. 904. "',
75 757. 1193. 924.
76 773. 1320. /jI51.
77 793. 1463. 991. V
78 816. 1560. 1035.
79 851. 1921. 1103.
ElO 931. 3110. 1259. \01
81 1032. 3829. 1471.
82 1101. 3200. 1618.
83 1130. 2349. 16£10. \itI
84 1127. 1618. 1674.
1:;5 1114. 1346. 1647.
86 1085. 897. 1583. ...,
87 1047. 642. 1503.
88 1013. 625. 1<428.
89 981. 625. 1360. ..,
90 952. 625. 1300.
91 925. 625. 1248.
92 900. 62:5. 1200. ..",
93 877. 625. 1155.
'j'4 856. 625~ 1114.
/jI5 834. 541. 1070. ...,
96 813. 5::;2. 1030.
97 794. 552. 993.
98 775. 513. 956. .....
"19 7'51. 513. 925.
100 141. 513. 896.
101 726. 513. 870. >..I
f , f I f , ~ , , I , 1 l' , ;r , , , , , I I f , f 1 J 1 1 J
1 J I j , j l ~ t J 1 i. I l l t • j a j I J I ~ I j I I , i
102 711. ~;13 • 846.
103 698. 513. 823.
104 686. 513. 8')2.
105 674. 513. 782.
106 663. 513. 76~.
107 653. 513. 746.
108 644. 513. 7:50.
109 635. 513. 716. r 110 627. 493. 700.
111 618. 49:5. 686.
112 611. 493. 67~. ,..
113 603. 493. 661.
114 '597. 493. 649.
11'5 '590. 493. 6:51:1.
116 585. 493. 629 •.
117 579. 493. 619.
118 '574. ~93. 611.
119 569. 493. 604.
120 565. 4!f3. 598.
121 561. 493. 592.
122 556. 402. 585.
123 552. 482. 579.
124 548. 482. 574. ('" 125 545. 482. 568.
126 541. 482. 563.
127 538. 482. 558. C 128 535. 482. 554.
129 532. 482. S!50.
130 529. 482. 546.
131 527. 402. 542. I;
132 524. 482. 539.
133 522. 492. 535.
134 519. 466. 531. 1,.
135 517. 466. 5~7.
136 514. 466. 524.
137 512. 4£.6. 520. los
138 510. 466. 517.
139 508. ~66. 514.
140 506. 466. 511. Iy
141 504. 466. 509.
142 502. 466. 506.
143 501. 466. 504. '" 144 499. 466. 502.
145 498. 466. 500.
146 4136. 200. 482. ....
147 474. 200. 466.
148 464. 200. 450.
149 454. 200. 435. --150 436. O. 410.
SUM 99503. --
PEAK 6-HOUR 24-H(jU:~ 72-HOUfC TOTAL VOLUM!::
CFS 1680. 14tH. 1029. 681. 99503. III!f
INCHES 7.57 21.05 41..78 42.38
AC-FT 735. 2043. 4056. 4114. ..
********** ********** ********** ********** ********** ~
1
! JIIR .
!' 1 I
Hy[lfWGRf.,PH AT
ROUTEII TO
1 t 1
1
1
RUNDH' SUriMARf, AVf.:RAGE FLOW
f
PEAK
3829.
1680.
f 1 ,
6-HOUR 24-HOUk 72-HOU~
2009. 1105. /12.
1401. 1029. 681.
,f
..."
, f , l' 1 I
Af..:EA
1.82
1.82
1 ! , t' J I ,
;
-;
r , " , I " ,
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
h
APPENDIX C
REYNOLDS CREEK ALTERNATIVE
GENERAL
In troduction
This Appendix presents the results of a reconnaissance
level study performed to evaluate the hydro power potential
of four possible hydro sites in the Reynolds Creek and Portage
Creek drainage basins, on Prince of Wales Island, about 10
miles east of Hydaburg. The four projects are Lake Mellen,
Summit Lake and Lake Marge in the Reynolds Creek basin and
Lake Josephine in the adjacent Portage Creek basin. See
Exhibit 1.
The study is based on observations and data collected
during two reconnaissance visits to the projects area 1/
supplemented by a review of a previous study of the projects-
and other literature pertaining to the geologic, hydrologic
and environmental characteristics of the area. Where applicable,
information from the Black Bear Lake Project Feasibility Report
is incorporated in the study.
General information concerning the geology and hydrology
of the projects area is presented in the following sections of
this Appendix. Each of the four projects is then described
and two plans of total development of the resource are presented.
Subsequent sections of the Appendix present the environmental
aspects of development of the Reynolds and Portage Creek
Projects, estimates of construction and operation and mainte-
nance costs for each project and the economic studies performed
to evaluate the projects and plans of total development. The
final section of the Appendix presents a summary of the study
and its conclusions.
Geology
A reconnaissance o'f, potential damsites at Lake -Mellen,
Lake Marge, Summit Lake and Lake Josephine and the mouth of
Reynolds Creek at Copper Harbor was conducted on July 15, 1980.
1/ Robert W. Retherford Associates; "Preliminary Appraisal
Report, Hydroelectric Potential for Angoon, Craig, Hoonah,
Hydaburg, Kake, Kassan, Klawock, K1ukwan, Pelican, Yakutat,
Anchorage, 1977."
-1-
Previous work by the u.s.G.s.l/ has been performed on a regional
reconnaissance basis and the geologic units named in that report
are used here.
The bedrock observed at the potential damsites at Lake
Mellen, Summit Lake and Lake Josephine is granodiorite and
believed to be of Jurassic to Cretaceous age. The granodiorite,
of igneous origin, is massive, hard and strong and appears to
be moderately to slightly fractured. Steeply dipping joints are
developed striking northwest and northeast. At Lake Mellen
both steep and flat lying joints are also developed striking
approximately east-west. Interbedded schist and limestone are
exposed on the right abutment of the proposed Lake Marge
damsite. These metasediments are considered part of the Wales
Group of Pre-Ordivician to Devonian age. These rocks are thin-
bedded and/or moderately foliated with a northwest strike and
dipping steeply northeast. No faults were observed at the four
damsites during ~?e reconnaissance but some faults have been
mapped by others-at or near some of the damsites and other
structures.
Overburden at the damsite locations consists predominantly
of talus and colluvium. These deposits completely cover bedrock
in certain areas but in general are expected to be relatively
thin.
The region is seismically active and moderately damaging
earthquakes can be expected to occur. Project structures and
final cut and fill slopes must be designed for stability under
expected seismic ground acceleration.
No adverse geological conditions were observed during the
reconnaissance of the damsites that would preclude their
development. Further investigations would be required to
determine feasibility of the sites.
Hydrology
An average annual runoff of 10.5 cfs per square mile was
used in the 1977 report by R. W. Retherford Associates. The
valu~ was checked using techniques developed during preparation
of the 1979 reconnaissance report for the Black Bear Lake
Project. As discussed in that report, previous hydrologic
studies of Southeast Alaska by the Alaska Power Administration
and U. S. Bureau of Reclamation indicate that average annual
2/ Geology of the Craig Quandrangle, Alaska by W. H. Condon
(1961) U.S.G.S. Bullentin ll0S-B.
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runoff increases as the average elevation of the drainage
basin increases. For the Black Bear Lake study, a value of
0.003 cfs per square mile was estimated to be the increase in
average annual runoff per foot of increased average basin
elevation. Streamgaging data from Maybeso Creek near Hollis,
Alaska were used to check the average annual runoff of the
Reynolds/Portage projects. The average basin elevation of
Maybeso Creek is about El. 1180 m.s.l. and the average annual
runoff is about 9 cfs per square mile. The average basin
elevation of the Reynolds/Portage projects is about El. 1870.
Using these values, the computed average annual runoff for the
Reynolds/Portage projects would be about 11 cfs. The previous
estimate of 10.5 cfs per square mile was accepted for the
present studies. The drainage areas and average annual runoff
for each of the projects are shown in Table 1 below.
For purposes of this study each project was provided
with sufficient spillway capacity to pass a flood equal to
the probable maximum flood, without overtopping the dam. The
PMF for each project was estimated using the project's drainage
area and the Creager formula. The value of the coefficient
C in the formula was taken to be 33, the same value established
for use in the reconnaissance study for the Black Bear Lake
Project. The estimated PMF for each project is shown in
Table 1.
Project
Lake Mellen
Summit Lake
Lake Marge
Lake Josephine
Table 1
Hydrologic Data ' t-.r"
Drainage
Area Sq. Mi.
5.5
3.5
1.1
1.5
58
37
11
16
Description of the Projects
PMF
cfs
6200
4400
1700
2200
This section and the appended Table of Significant Data
briefly describe the projects. Data for the Black Bear Lake
Project is also provided in the table for reference. A
general plan and schematic profile of the Reynolds Creek
Projects are shown on Exhibits 2 and 3 respectively.
-3-
Lake Mellen Project
Lake Mellen Dam would consist of a concrete gravity dam
with an uncontrolled spillway section. The spillway crest and
maximum normal pool elevation would be El. 930. Water for
hydro power generation would pass through a single 46 in
diameter steel penstock to a powerhouse at El. 200. The
powerhouse would have two single nozzle impulse turbines
totaling 6,000 kW installed capacity. The average annual
energy production is estimated to be 26,100 MWh.
Summi t Lake Project
Two 1,000 kW single-jet impulse turbines at El. 940 would
be supplied from the Summit Lake impoundment by a 46 in diameter
steel penstock. Summit Lake Dam would be a concrete gravity
structure with an uncontrolled ogee spillway impounding a
reservoir with maximum normal pool at El. 1308. The project
energy output is estimated to be 7,900 MWh per year.
Lake Marge Project
Lake Marge Dam would be a concrete gravity dam with an
uncontrolled spillway. Water would flow thorough a 26 in
diameter steel penstock to the powerhouse on the shore of
Summit Lake. The project would have one 750 kW single-jet
impulse turbine. The project's maximum normal reservoir
elevation would be El. 1738 and its average annual energy
output is estimated to be 3,000 MWh.
Lake Josephine Project
Lake Josephine lies in the Portage Creek drainage basin
adjacent to the Reynolds Creek basin. The proposed Lake
Josephine Project would divert drainage from the lake through
a tunnel and penstock to a two unit, 2,000 KW powerhouse at
El. 940 near Lake Mellen. The requfred concrete intake
structure and upstream tunnel portal could be constructed above
present lake level. The lake would then be raised by constructing
a concrete gravity dam with an uncontrolled ogee spillway at
the northeast outlet of the lake.
The estimated average annual energy available from the
Lake Josephine diversion into Lake Mellen would be about
8,000 MWh. The Lake Mellen Project energy output would be
increased, due to the diversion, by an estimated 7,200 MWh
per year to 33,300 MWh annually. These estimates assume 100
percent diversion of Lake Josephine flows to the Reynolds
Creek basin.
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Complete Development Plan 1, Reynolds Creek
Two plans of complete development of the hydro power
resources available at Reynolds Creek were investigated.
Plan 1 includes development of the three projects in the
Reynolds Creek drainage basin. The Lake Mellen Project would
be constructed first, followed by the Summit Lake Project and,
finally, the Lake Marge Project. The projects would be
scheduled to come on the line in the year when the energy
demand would otherwise exceed the capability of the existing
facilities. During the first stage of development, the Lake
Mellen Project would provide both base and peaking power.
After installation of the upstream projects, the Lake
Mellen facility could be used primarily to satisfy base
demand with peaking provided by Summit Lake and Lake Marge.
The estimated average annual energy production and on-line
dates of the Plan 1 projects are shown in Table 2.
Project
Lake Mellen
Lake Summit
Lake Marge
Table 2
Reynolds Creek Development
Plan 1
MWh Per Year
26,100
7,900
3,000
Cumulative
MWh Per Year
26,100
34,000
37,000
On-Line
Year
1987
1996
2003
Complete Development Plan 1, Reynolds Creek and Lake Josephine
Plan 2 includes development of Lake Mellen and Summit
Lake in the Reynolds Creek basin and transbasin diversion of
Lake Josephine flows into Lake Mellen. The development would
provide an estimated 49,200 MWh of energy annually.
As in Plan 1, the Lake Mellen Project would be constructed
first and would provide both base and peaking power until
subsequent projects came on line. The second project to be
constructed would be Lake Josephine. The Lake Mellen Project
would then be used primarily as a base load plant. As noted
previously, the energy production capability of the Lake Mellen
project would be increased by about 7,200 MWh per year by
diversion of flow from the Portage Creek basin. Summit Lake
would be the last project constructed.
-5-
The average annual energy available from each plant and
project on-line date are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Reynolds Creek Development
Plan 2
Cumulative On-Line
Project MWh Per Year MWh Per Year
Lake Mellen 26,100 26,100
Lake Josephine 8,000 34,100
Lake Mellen
Enhancement* 7,200 41,300
Summit Lake 7,900 49,200
* Energy available from Lake Mellen after Lake Josephine
diversion is 33,300 MWh per year.
Environmental Aspects of Development
Existing conditional/
Year
1987
1996
1996
2009
Available data indicate that the wildlife population in
the Reynolds Creek and Portage Creek lakes area includes black
bear, wolf, deer, river otter, beaver, mink, marten, red and
flying squirrels, bats, microtine rodents, bald eagle, dipper,
loons, other water fowl, and other birds common to Southeast
Alaska. No population density data are available.
The area has low recreational use since there are apparently
very few deer and lake fishing is poor. Lake Josephine has a
Forest Service shelter cabin, but air access is dangerous because
of wind conditions.
~/ Ecological data were provided by ADFG from stream and
lake survey files and in personal communications to the
Alaska Power Authority.
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Fishery surveys indicate the size of the fisheries
resource in Reynolds Creek to be on the order of 10,000 to
20,000 fish. Portage Creek has supported a resource of 22,000
to 93,000 salmon during the last ten years. Exhibit 4 summarizes
ADFG fishery data for the area.
Factors Affecting Development
Development of the Reynolds/Portage projects to serve
Klawock, Craig, and Hydaburg would require construction of
about 50 miles of new transmission line. To reduce the impact
on wildlife habitat the transmission line would follow existing
roads or project access roads wherever possible. Nevertheless
about 9 miles of transmission line would be through undeveloped
terrain. Proper choice of route and construction practices
would be required to minimize the impact of construction of the
line on the surrounding wildlife habitat.
Since it is immediately adjacent to tidal waters, the
Reynolds/Hydaburg transmission route could disturb potential
bald eagle nesting and perching areas along the north side of
Copper Harbor and the east side of Hetta Inlet. The use of a
submarine crossing of Hetta Inlet would decrease the adverse
visual impact of the transmission line and would also avoid
any hazard to aircraft and eagles. The cost of such a crossing
has not been included in the cost estimates for these projects.
In addition to disturbance of potential bald eagle use
areas along the north side of Copper Harbor and the east side
of Hetta Inlet, the transmission line and ROW could have signi-
ficant visual impact. Slopes along this part of the route are
steep and would probably require a rather wide ROW with
selective thinning and topping of danger trees. Screening
the line and ROW from view could be difficult on these slopes.
New access facilities would be required for development
of the lakes. Plan 1 would require about 4 miles of new access
roads, while Plan 2 would need 5.4 miles. For both plans, a
loading dock in Copper Harbor would be required during
construction. Precautions would have to be taken to avoid
interfering with passage of salmon into Reynolds Creek and
salmon use of the intertidal spawning area at the head of
Copper Harbor.
Raising lake levels would probably affect the grayling
populations in Lakes Mellen, Summit, and Marge, but a minimal
stocking program could probably be used to mitigate any
adverse effects. Grayling were stocked during the 1960's
by ADFG, and probably use lake inlet and/or outlet streams for
spawning. These streams would either be inundated or affected
by dam placement. Lake Josephine is apparently barren of fish,
as were the other three lakes before grayling stocking.
-7-
_______________________ .. ____________ • _______ • __ 0>_> .. ".
Fishing pressure is light, according to ADFG data available
from surveys during the 1970's.
Reynolds Creek is a good producer of pink salmon (see
Exhibit 4). The need to minimize the effect of project
operation on spawning by requiring minimum discharges during
spawning runs would decrease the relative economic attractive-
ness of the Lake Mellen Project.
Trans-basin diversion of Lake Josephine water to Lake
Mellen could have two fisheries-related adverse impacts.
Portage Creek has a history of excellent pink and chum salmon
production (see Exhibit 4), although chum escapement has .
decreased in recent years. Diversion of Lake Josephine flows
could reduce fish habitat and production in Portage Creek.
The second potential problem with diverting Lake
Josephine flows regards possible interference with homing of
salmon to Portage Creek. It is possible that such diversion
could attract Portage Creek salmon to Reynolds Creek, because
salmon identify their homestream by smell, and each stream
has its unique characteristic odor. Diversion of Lake
Josephine could also alter the existing characteristic odor
of Portage Creek water, with potential for adverse effect
on salmon homing to Portage Creek.
A disposal site for spoil from excavation of
Lake Josephine Project tunnel would be required.
possible that disposal in Lake Josephine would be
solution to this problem.
the 1/3-mile
It is
an acceptable
Potential Environmental Effects of the Lake Mellen Project
The Lake Mellen Project is the most economically
attractive of the Reynolds Creek projects, In a complete
development of the basin, the Lake Mellen Project would be
the first project constructed. It is also possible that
the Lake Mellen Project would be the only hydro development
on Reynolds Creek. During the early years of complete
development, and for a development of Lake Mellen only, the
project would be required to supply base and peaking power.
The maximum reservoir drawdown of the project would be 60
feet and the powerhouse would be at El. 200 to avoid substantial
flow reductions in the lower reach of Reynolds Creek. The
principal potential impacts of the Lake Mellen Project operating
alone are:
1. Effects of loading dock on Reynolds Creek salmon.
2. Effects of modifications in Reynolds Creek discharge
on salmon.
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3.
4.
5.
Disturbance of potential eagle use areas by the
transmission line.
Visual impacts of the transmission line.
Construction of 2 miles of new access road.
6. Sixty-foot maximum drawdown of the lake.
Reynolds Creek is known to support substantial pink
salmon runs (see Exhibit 4) and probably also has a chum run.
Coho salmon and at least one trout species are also known to
occur in the stream •
Location of the Lake Mellen powerhouse at EI. 200 would
probably avoid dewatering most of the stream's spawning
habitat, but if suitable habitat extends beyond this elevation,
it could be necessary to place the powerhouse further upstream,
thus reducing available head. In this case, the power production
and economic benefits would also be reduced.
Regardless of where the powerhouse is located, at EI. 200
or higher, the release regime must provide adequate seasonal
and daily flows for the downstream salmon resource. The
controlled releases would include adequate minimum releases
as well as limit the rate of flow fluctuations at times of
the year critical to salmon. The operation restrictions might
limit the capability of the power plant to serve load require-
ments, and therefore reduce economic benefits of the project
in those months critical to salmon.
Potential Impacts of Complete Development of Reynolds Creek
Complete development of Reynolds Creek would involve
construction of the Lake Mellen Project, to meet base load
demands, and development of one or more of the other lakes
for peaking capability. The potential environmental impacts
common to all of the various plans of development are those
already associated with the Lake Mellen Project, which would
be the first project developed in each plan.
Potential impacts attributable only to individual
development plans are presented in the following paragraphs:
Lake Mellen/Lake Josephine -As noted previously,
diversion of Lake Josephine flow from the Portage Creek
basin could reduce the pink, chum and coho salmon
production of Portage Creek and also could decoy Portage
Creek salmon to Reynolds Creek. The development would
require 5.4 miles of new access raod and disposal of
excavated spoil from the 1/3-mile long tunnel.
-9-
Lake Mellen/Summit Lake -Summit Lake is in the same
drainage basin as Lake Mellen. Consequently, development
of Summit Lake after Lake Mellen would have less impact
on fisheries resources than the Lake Josephine Project
would have. Impacts associated with trans-basin diversion
and tunnel construction would be avoided. In addition,
Summit Lake would require a total of 3 miles of new access
road versus Lake Josephine's 5.4 mile requirement. Lake
fluctuations and raising of Summit Lake would adversely
affect the resident grayling population.
Lake Marge -Construction of the Lake Marge Project would
require 2 miles of new access road beyond Lake Mellen.
Other impacts would be similar to those associated with
Lake Mellen-Summit Lake.
Streamflow Regime Changes -Changes in streamflow regime
for a two project (or more) development would not be as
great as for development of Lake Mellen alone, since in
the former case Lake Mellen would be used for base power.
This would more easily permit seasonal adjustment of
minimum releases and greatly reduce daily flow fluctuations,
as compared with the releases from development of Lake
Mellen alone.
Fisheries Resources-Reynolds Developments versus Black Bear Lake
The size of the fiSheries resource which could be affected
by developments in Reynolds Creek is on the order of 10,000 to
20,000 fish, and Portage Creek salmon escapements have ranged
from 22,000 to 93,000 fish during the last ten years (ADFG
data, see Exhibit 4).
As discussed in detail in the Feasibility Report, the
Black Bear Lake Project is not expected to have significant
impact on fisheries resources downstream of Black Lake.
The project will almost certainly affect fisheries upstream
of Black Lake, however. Preliminary estimates indicate
that the Black Lake headwaters drainage could reasonably
support an annual salmon resource somewhere in the range
of 1,000 to 10,000 fish. This preliminary estimate is
based on field observations in Black Bear Creek and experience
in other Southeast Alaska streams.
Costs
Construction Costs
A reconnaissance level construction cost estimate was
prepared for each of the projects studied. The estimates
include the direct cost of civil works, contractor's overhead
and profit, purchase and installation of equipment, contin-
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gencies, engineering and owner's administration. The
estimates are at January 1981 price levels and exclude price
escalation beyond that date. Interest during construction is
also excluded. Unit prices for the various civil works items
are the same as those used in the Black Bear Lake estimate,
where applicable. Costs for electrical equipment were based
on recent data provided by manufacturers and adjusted to
January 1981 price levels. The estimated costs are for an
assumed complete development of hydro resources and are
applicable to both Plans 1 and 2. The major portion of the
cost of the required transmission system for either develop-
ment is included in the costs for the Lake Mellen Project,
the first installation to be constructed. The costs are
summarized below in Table 4 and shown in greater detail on
Exhibit 5.
11
Table 4
Construction Costs
Project
Lake Mellen
Cost 1000 $.!I
Summit Lake
Lake Marge
Lake Josephine
34,200
16,700
6,200
16,200
January 1981 costs including contingencies, engineering
and owners' overhead.
Operation and Maintenance Costs
. The projects would be equipped for remote control
operation from Hydaburg. The estimated operation and mainte-
nance expenses for each project and the transmission line are
shown in Table 5. The estimates are based on FERC data
adjusted for automatic operation and conditions in Alaska.
-11-
Table 5
Operation and Maintenance Costs
Project
Lake Mellen Including
Transmission Line
Summit Lake
Lake Marge
Lake Josephine
Economic Studies
Annual O&M Cost
$ 160,000
40,000
20,000
40,000
The initial step in the economic evaluation of the
Reynolds Creek projects was a cost per kilowatt comparison
between the projects and the Black Bear Lake Project. Each
of the Reynolds Creek projects was considered singlely with
the cost of transmission excluded from the comparison. The
results are shown in the following table.
.!.I
Table 6
Cost Per Installed Kilowatt
1/ Installed
Project Cost Ca]2acity
1000$ KW
Lake Mellen 27,200 6,000
Summit Lake 15,880 2,000
Lake Marge 5,850 750
Lake Josephine 16,030 2,000
Black Bear Lake 21,330 6,000
Cost Per
Kilowatt
$/KW
4,533
7,940
7,800
8,015
3,555
January 1981 total construction excluding transmission system.
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'As shown in Table 6, each of the Reynolds Creek projects
is, by itself, less attractive than the Black Bear Lake Project.
The Lake Mellen Project was determined to be the best of the
Reynolds Creek alternatives and was consequently selected for
inclusion in the Feasibility Report as part of the "Preferred"
and "Second Most Preferred" plans of development. More detailed
economic comparisons between the Black Bear Lake and Lake Mellen
Projects were subsequently performed. A description of the
studies and their results are presented in Chapter IV of the
Feasibility Report. As shown on the Report's Exhibit 31,
pages 4 and 5, the Lake Mellen Project has a cumulative present
worth of $42.6 million versus $35.2 million for Black Bear
Lake. As depicted on Exhibit 32 in the Feasibility Report,
energy from the Lake Mellen Project will be more expensive than
from Black Bear Lake.
Using the same economic criteria and method of analysis
as used to perform the comparisons presented in Chapter IV,
two development plans for Reynolds Creek have been compared
with Black Bear Lake and the Preferred Plan.
The economic analysis of Reynolds Creek Plan 1 is shown on
Exhibit 6. The plan includes the development of the three
lakes of the Reynolds Creek basin. TO meet the load demand
presented in Chapter III, Lake Mellen would start operation in
1987, followed by Summit Lake in 1996, and Lake Marge in 2003.
This plan would have a total installed capacity of 8.75 MW and
an average annual available energy of 37,000 MWh. As shown in
Exhibit 6, the cumulative present worth of Plan 1 is $57.4
million.
Exhibit 7 shows the economic analysis of Reynolds Creek
Plan 2. The Lake Mellen Project would be followed by the
Lake Josephine Project in 1996. It was assumed that the total
flow from Lake Josephine could be diverted into Lake Mellen.
This would enhance the annual energy available from Lake
Mellen by an estimated 7,200 MWh. Summit Lake would be the
last development in Plan 2, coming on line in 2009. Lake Marge
was not included in Plan 2 to allow a better comparison
between the Preferred Plan and Plan 2 (49,800 MWh versus
49,200 MWh). As shown in Exhibit 7, the cumulative present
worth of Plan 2 is $59.8 million.
The results of the present worth analyses of the various
alternatives are shown in the following tabulation.
-13-
Table 7
Comparison of Alternatives
Installed Annual Present
Capacity Energy Worth $
Al ternative MW MWh Million
Black Bear Lake (alone) 6.0 23,700 35.2
Lake Mellen (alone) 6.0 26,100 42.6
Preferred Plan 12.0 49,800 57.7
Reynolds Creek Plan 1 8.75 37,000 57.4
Reynolds Creek Plan 2 10.0 49,200 59.8
As shown in the table and discussed in the Feasibility
Report, the Black Bear Lake Project is more economical than the
Lake Mellen Project. Comparison of the Preferred Plan with
Reynolds Creek Plan 1 shows that investment in the Preferred
Plan would yield about 34% more benefits (49,800 MWh versus
37,000 MWh) than would an approximately equal investment in
Reynolds Creek Plan 1. Comparison between Reynolds Creek Plan
2, including 100% of the Lake Josephine flow, and the Preferred
Plan show that Plan 2 is nearly as good a development,
economically, as the Preferred Plan.
Conclusion
Reconnaissance studies have indicated that hydroelectric
development of the Reynolds Creek drainage and diversion of
Lake Josephine flow into the Reynolds Creek basin are possible
from an engineering standpoint. Site reconnaissance and review
of geologic data indicate no adverse geologic conditions that
would preclude development of the sites. Project features must
be designed to resist potential seismic activity.
The environmental evaluation of the Reynolds Creek
development indicates several potential adverse impacts which
require further study. The most important of these are possible
disturbance of pink, coho, and chum salmon spawning in Portage
Creek due to trans-basin diversion of Lake Josephine flows,
disturbance potential of eagle use areas along the shore of
Hetta Inlet by the proposed Reynolds/Hydaburg transmission line
and possible disturbance of pink, coho, and chum salmon spawning
in lower Reynolds Creek due to changes in the streamflow regime.
Comparisons of ADFG data for Reynolds Creek and Portage
Creek to recent studies performed on the area downstream of
the proposed Black Bear Lake Project indicate that the Reynolds
Creek development could affect a salmon resource of 10,000 to
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20,000 fish versus 1,000 to 10,000 for Black Bear Lake1 if
Lake Josephine is included in Reynolds development, the Portage
Creek salmon resource of 22,000 to 93,000 fish could also be
affected.
The economic comparison shows that the Black Bear Lake
Project is the most favorable initial project and the Preferred
Plan of Black Bear Lake followed by Lake Mellen is clearly more
favorable than the Reynolds Creek Plan 1 development. The only
alternative development plan that is economically comparable to
the Preferred Plan is Reynolds Creek Plan 2, that includes
diversion of Lake Josephine to Reynolds Creek.
The potential adverse environmental impacts associated
with development of Reynolds Creek and particularly with
diversion of Lake Josephine will require mitigation measures
that have not been reflected in the present study. The mitigation
of adverse environmental impacts should be expected to reduce
the economic attractiveness of the Reynolds Creek development
plans.
The studies presented in the main part of the Feasibility
Report demonstrate that the Black Bear Lake Project is
economically and environmentally preferrable to any Reynolds
Creek project. The studies presented in this Appendix show
that the Preferred Plan of Black Bear Lake followed by
Lake Mellen is more favorable than any Reynolds Creek plan of
development.
The Lake Mellen Project should be considered for development
after the Black Bear Lake Project. Early collection of basic
data including stream gaging, fish counting, and an aquatic
habitat survey in Reynolds Creek will facilitate future studies
of the Lake Mellen Project. Also the present studies show
that diversion of Lake Josephine to Reynolds Creek would be
economically attractive after the Lake Mellen Project is
constructed. The environmental data collection program for
Portage Creek should be directed to provide the data
necessary to permit a reliable evaluation of the environmental
impacts associated with diversion of Lake Josephine.
-15-
f J
project Name
RESERVOIR
Normal Max. W.S. £1. msl
Ta ilwater EI.
IIYDROLOGY
Drainage Area, Sq. mi.
Avg. Ann. Runoff cfs/mi 2
Avg. Ann. Streamflow cfs
Probable Maximum Flood, cfa
DAM -Concrete Gravity
He ight, ft.
Top Elevation, mal
Dam Volume, cy
SPILLWAY -Concrete Ogee
Creat Elevation mal
width Ft.
PENSTOCK
Type
Diameter, in.
Length, ft.
Shell thickness in.
POWERSTATION
Number of Units
Turbine Type
Rated Ilead, ft.
Generator Rating kW
POWER AND ENERGY
Installed Capacity kW
Avg. Annual Energy MWh
Avg. Plant Factor ,
COSTS AND ECONOMICS
Construction Costs
Unit Cost, $/KW
Black Bear
Lake
1,715
25)
1.82
14. )
26.0
4,000
5)
1,72)
6,400
1,715
)0
Steel/Co ncr • /
Steel
48/48/)0
294/1296/2790
5/16 to )/4
2
I.pulse
1,370
~,OOO
6,000
2),700
45
28.0
4,666
TA8LE OF SIr.NIFICANT DATA
La c
Mellen
930
200
5.5
10.5
58
6,200
103
938
37,750
930
40
Steel
46
2,500
5/16 to 11/16
2
I.pulse
700
3,000
6,0001 /
26,100=-
50
34.2
5,700
Summ t
Lake
1,308
940
).5
10.5
37
4,400
60
1, liS
5,200
1,308
40
Steel
46
4,200
1/4
2
Impulse
340
1,000
2,000
7,900
45
16.7
8,350
Lake
Marge
1,738
1,308
1.1
10.5
11
1,700
)9
1,744
1,550
1,738
20
Steel
26
2,100
1/4
1
I.pu1se no
750
750
3,000
46
6.2
8,100
Re nolds Creek
Lake
Josephine
1,810
940
1.5
10.5
16
2,200
)5
1,8)6
1,000
1,810
20
Steel
28
4,850
5/16
2
Impulse
820
1,000
2,000
8,000
46
16.2
8,100
!I Without Lake Josephine diversion. With diversion, Lake Mellen output increases to )),)00 KWh annually.
i I 1 I , I f , , . , , r I f 1 I 1
5.5
10.5
58
5
Impulse
750-)000
8,750
37,000
48
57.1
6,526
,
P an 2
Compl. Development
1.0
10.5
14
6
Impulse
1000-3000
10,000
49,200
56
61.1
6,710
, • I
I a I j I
I-LA.R.ZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
I 1 , , , 1 f I r 1 f , r 1 I , I I , 1 , . ,
REYNOLDS CREEK
HYDROelECTRIC PROJeCT
ALASKA
REYNOLDS CREEK
OEVE LOPMENT-PLAN
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
1 'f
'I I I I
DAM
POWERHOUSE
PENSTOCK
PENSTOCK IN
---TUNNEL
1 J 1
l 1 I i
LAKE JOSEPHINE
El. 1830
COPPER HARBOR
EL 0
PORTAGE ..
CREEK BASIN
1--&AR.z.A Ef'.tGINEEAING CorvtPANY cx::;-rOeE:R 1981
REYNOLDS
LAKE MelLEN
EL 930
2000kW
1 J I J
DAM
POWERHOUSE
PENSTOCK
I i
PENSTOCK IN TUNNel
I j I j 1 J
REYNOLDS CREEK
DEVELOPMENT
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
COlllr.'lercial
Species
Available
Stream
Spawning
Area
Sport
Species
Salmon Peak
Escapements
Salmon
Escapement
Since 1970
SOURCE: ADFG
Comparative Fisheries Data
Reynolds Creek
Pink I coho,
probably chum
748m2
Trout below Lake
Mellen: Grayling
(stocked) all 3
lakes
20,000 Pink 1974
(records for 1960-
1978 )
Pink
low = 695-1972
high. 20,000-1974
last
record = 10,000-1978
Portage Creek
Pink, Chum, some
Coho and Sockeye
3308 m2
Cutthroat in
stream; Lake
Josephine
probably barren
250,000 Pink
27 Sept 45
50,000 Chum
27 Sept 45
(records for
1940-1978)
Pink
low = 22,500
20 Aug 73
high = 93,000
26 Aug 71
last
record= 60,200
18 Aug 78
Chum
low = "none seen"
high = 1,300
10 July 73
last
record= 27
30 Sept 77
EXHIBIT 4
Black Bear Creek
Pink, Chum, Coho,
Sockeye
3l,906m 2
23,546 upstream;
8,360 intertidal
Stream Dolly
Varden/Cutthroat,
Steelhead; BBL
stocked Rainbow
350,000 Pink
9 Oct 45
10,000 Chum
12 Aug 63
6,500 Coho
27 Oct 44
700 Sockeye
24 Aug 65
(records for
1944-1978)
Pink
low = 30 1978
high = 42,.300
27 Aug 75
last
record = 30 1978
Chum
only
record = 800
17 Sept 73
Coho, Sock eve
none seen since
1965
REYNOLDS CREEK
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
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..
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-EXHIBIT 5
"."" ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COSTS
.... IN THOUSAND DOLIARS
" .... REYNOLDS CREEK DEVELOPMENT .. -Lake summit Lake Lake .. Mellen Lake Marge Josephine
ITEM Project project Project Project '-.. 1. LAND AND LAND RIGHTS 479 640 210 623
,-2. RESERVOIR CLEARING 244 183 80 128 ... 3. DIVERSION AND CARE OF WATER 100 160 80 100 -4. DAM, SPILLWAY, INTAKE 12,116 1,957 855 1,017
,..
5. WATER CONDUCTOR 2,58S 4,491 1,035 5,100 -6. POWERHOUSE 724 770 410 480 ....
7. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ,., EQUIPMENT 2,355 1,400 595 1,180 -8. ROADS AND BRIDGES 1,100 550 550 1,650
9. TRANSMISSION LINES
58sY 230Y 120Y '1;.>4 AND SUBSTATIONS 5,200
" 10. MOBILIZATION AND LOGISTICS Y 1,064 395 1,042
",,... DIRECT CONSTRUCTION COST 24,903 11,800 4,360 11,440
""" CONTINGENCIES 4,977 2,350 880 2,290
""" TOTAL DIRECT COST 29,880 14,150 5,240 13,730
"..
ENGINEERING AND ..., ADMINISTRATION 4,320 2,550 960 2,470
,,,..
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST
." JANUARY 1981 34,200 16,700 6,200 16,200
" ... .. 11 Initial installation of the Lake Mellen Project is assumed. Cost shown are
for transmission link to the Lake Mellen system • ..
.... y Included above .
.... REYNOLDS CREEK
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT .... ALASKA ,-
--ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
~ E"'G._I!I'I''''G ct::II\IPANY OCTDeeR '981
""'" -
PLAN 1
fSCAlAT(ON HAlf: 1I.lll5!! EXHIBIT 6 .CoST uf HUt/!:.y: 0.030 (Ntll\T1l11~ HAII'= O.OftO t IIEl IH:;CUII~T RAft= O.UO
HfFFMf Nr.t:: UHf=.IAt;"AkY I'll! 1 4ll· COllIS T~ :. 10110
flXfu Ihl< f·,tl r.u14utATIVE pRtliOH CIIMULA TI Yf
YEAR CO:>,!! I.O:.ts lOST IOlAl TOUl NORTH P.III.
__ .19111 II. Ib9. Qb9. IliC. 1128. IOq!:l. 1095.
14112 0, 1"'1. 114'1. 1344. 2"'2. 12111. no2.
.19113 0, 2.!5. \314. 1"00. 'lOll. 14 ..... ](Il6.
14114 O. 21>1. 11111'5. 1'10'1, !:I411. 11I4J, 5'11°.
1'1115 0, 3UI. 191>8. 221>'1. 112 .. 6. 19''\1. 1416.
1411" O. 311". 01354. c!102. 10'14'1. 2211]. .,H'I.
____ .~~ .. I'ial 13110. Iltl. 12". Iflilt-. 12(0]11. . 1311. 11110 •. _ ..
1'1118 11110, 11'1. ua. 1""'. 11I"!i. U40. 12"50.
UI!4 iJIIO. 1110. 1;0. 111 O. 1/0042. Ulo. 131110.
14~1I 11110. 1111 • 1 .. 2'. 11013. 1110"'. 12(12. 1504.,.
19'11 13bO. 1112. 1111. 11]11. 19'in. 1255. 1/0191.
1'1'12 1'1110. 1111. 1'10. 1l!>3. 212'5'i. 12l9. 11521.
. __ ._~J.'l2L _ •.. llb.ll;to. ... 1119. 205 • 11/011. lllll4. .. IlO ..... ~_. l673l __ ... ___ .
1'I~4 111\0. 11l'i. lli. 111110. 241109. 11"0. 19'112'.
. . 1995 . 1]110 • 186 • 2)11. 11104 • lofll '. 1150. lUl0.
1'1.,6 2050. 200. O. 22":>0. 2il8113. 11102. 21412 •
... 19'11 01050. 2uo. Q. 22;0. 1111". 13"1 • iUl) •.
144(1 lO~O. 200. O. 22511. ..n .. 3. 1322. l!:l15'i.
.1~!l....-.• .2lbQ~ •. _ .. 1ltO •. .. O • . l?;O " 35613 ... _ IlU • __ .2Ull .•
20011 2050. 200. O. 22":>0. "18U. 1l411. 2111a4.
. ___ ... _ . .200 L . .l0~0 • _211O • O. 22l10. III/Ii). IlO9. nln.
2002 lO.,O. 200. O. 22,0. 42]1>1. 1114, ]oOU.
. ZOO] 2]1uO • 2l0. O. 2520. 44(0). 1.211. 3134'.
2004 l100. ;>20, O. 2520. "'''0]. 1240. 'I2'5il4.
2Q05_ .. _ . .2.]lIlO~ . .. . UO •.. .. Q. 2'1010. .49qZ~ • .... lil" •• __ . __ . ....311111 •
lOO" 2'11l0. 2'lO. O. 2'110. '\244.,. 11104. 3,,'9!;6.
.. -----~---2001 'BIlO. iUO. O. 2"21}. "i4'1U. 1114. :U09I.
20011 21110. 220. o. 20;20. 'i14a~. 11111. 31192.
lOO,} 2300. 2241, O. 2'j20. (000011. 10119. ]lIloZ.
lOIO 2~UO. 2,:41. o. 2'i20. 112"2]!. 10'11. 34300.
lIU.L __ ... 2]101l~ __ .... _ ZlO. O. 2Si!0. ~~01t3 • 10011. . .. _.JUIHt .... _ •
2012 01 .. 00. ;>20. O. 2520. filii"". 914. ..,2116 •
20n 2100. uO. O. 25211. 1001U. 950. 4i1n6.
2014 2300. 2iO. O. lS20. 121101. 922. 4:Slll'l.
2015 i!3uO. 220. O. 2520. 151i11. il'lo. "4054.
lOI" 2"011. ZlO. O. i!'IlO. n"'H. 11114. .. .. 'Iil4.
_____ ._lDU_ ... . 23110. 2iO. O. 2'!ilO. 101111. 1t44. 451011. -----,--
20111 l'OIl. 220. O. 2520. 'lila]. 820. 411'iU.
. lO19 2300. 2.!0. 0, 2'120, 1!!;2Ul • 1911. ..nn.
2020 2100. li!O. O. 2"20. "112". lH. 48156.
20i!1 2300. UO. O. 2520. 0:-024]. 150. ",u6.
2022 2300. 220. O. iI'520. '12111 ... 12a. ..46:S". _____ 20011. .. __ ... 23011. 220. O. ..2!:120 •. 952111. 701. 50141. ._--_ ..
2024 21110. 2010. n. 2S2n. 41(101. 6116. '!i1021.
_ . .l0i!5 i!100. 2.10. O. 2'520. 100llil). 0" •• '5U·"4.
202" 2JOO. 220. O. 2SilO. lO2114'1. ""'. 5l1"'.
. .2Q21 2300. ilO. O. 2520. I05~'3. 112 •• 52'90° •
20211 2100. 220. o. 2'i2°. 11171181. 1010. 'i3'51'9. REYNOLDS CREEK
202!i l 3 0 0 •..... __ .. .2l1l~. O. «1520. II 0403. __ _ .. 592 •... .. _ .. _ . 5t1 H ... ____ .. ___ HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT 20'50 23011. UO. O. 25010. 112421. 515. '!i41411.
... 20H .. «1]00 • l20. o. 25i10. 1154"3. 5511 • 55)0lI. ALASKA
2032 2100. 220. O. 2S.!0. 11141>1. 542. '!i5U".
.. 20n 011110. .2i!0. O. i510. 120481. S211 • 56112 •
ECONOMIC ANAL VSIS 20311 l1UO. 220. O. 2520. 1?3110]. 511. "lUa2.
2U'I l'lOO. l.!O. O. lS20. 125'i2J. .. '911. 51178 •
11 3.5% DURING THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS, THEN 0%.
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
I-tARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY MARCH 1981
f , f , , 1 1 I f 1 f , f 1 , , , I , I I • , I r I s-f , 1 f I ,. I 1 , f I ,
't-
I j l
cuSf uf HUNLY. 11.030 INHATION H~H;; 11.000
HfFE"FhC~ III If ;.lANI'."Y l'illl
fUfU 0." fllH
YFAR C'lsh LOSt:. COST
__ -l!UU_ _ 0. 111'.1. 9110.
Iqll2 0. ''''i. 114'1.
... 111 O. 2i!5 • 1114.
1~1I11 0. lbl. 1~4'i.
1')85 O. 3UI. I 'fb8.
Iq811 O. '118. 2154. _____ 1-'i.II1 ______ U110. 118" 12ft.
1'IlIft 1180. 11'1. 1J8.
19119 11110. 1110. I ~O.
1"'i0 11110. 1111. 11>2.
__ I 'flll 1380. 112. 11ft.
1'192 UIIO. 1111. 1'10. ______ J..'lJtL._----1.:lll0. ___ lilt ... iO~.
19911 11110. 1115. 221. ________ 1995 _ 11dO. IIlb. lJft.
Iq'l!> iO~O. 100. ft.
_ 1'191 2030. 11111. 9.
I"~A 10JO. iOO. ft.
19!J~_--llUll .... __ 200. _ Q.
iOOO iOlO. 200. D. ___________ 200 L. ___ iOlO" "00._ o.
iOill 2030. 111O. O.
___ .20D3. lGlO. iOO. O.
a004 auo. lOO. o.
20OS __ --l0'SO. __ ~---ZlIO._ Q.
lOO~ 2UO. lOO. n. __________ 20117 ______ illJO. lOO. O.
iOOIl 2010. iOO. O.
--.. -~----
____ 20011 _,!l1l0. i40. 0.
2010 i700. l4l0. O.
2011 27JlI4--__ 2!t1_ Q.
20ll 1100. I4ID. O. _---=-__ 2013 ______ ilUO. 140. 0.
iOl4 2700. l4l0. O.
--~~-.. ----. 2015 _ _aloo. 240. O.
iOI~ 2700. 2410. o.
i!1U~ ___ Ll.llIl-_____ iilt .... _ D.
lO11l 2100. 211O. 0. ____ ~111 __ 2100. 2'!0. 0.
a020 2100. 140. O.
___ iOi!1 27110. i4l0. 0.
iOU 21410. l40. O.
-2-02:1_ . -'1110. ________ 2110. 0 •
1014 2100. lllO. 0.
lOiS ilOO. 240. O.
20lll-i700. 1110. O.
i021 UOO. lllO. O.
lOlft 2100. lliO. O. _________ --211l'.l ... 2100. leO. 0.
2UO 2700. 1/10. O.
-10JI lluO. illO. O.
lOJj? 2100. 211O. O.
iOB 21410. 211O. 0.
20JII 17uO. 2110. O.
20]'i ii!1 00. 2110. O.
PLAN 2
fllEL
lOTAL
IIi!IS.
1544.
I tooo._
Iqo"\.
210Q.
270<>.
lbOt>.
Ibr,7.
1710.
112J.
173&.
1751.
11IIe.
1711~.
1110'1.
2130.
UJO.
21jO.
li!JO.
ii?JO.
2l10.
22JO.
22,,0.
lBo.
li!IO.
l2JO.
2i!30.
i!iJO.
i 9 110.
1940.
_ 2940.
19110.
a Q4l0.
2 q 1l0.
2'1,,0.
2'1110.
iqljD.
i"IIO.
29110.
2 9 410.
zqllO.
2 q 40.
i"40.
lqllO.
iqllO.
2 q 40.
2 Q1l0.
2Q1l0.
2""0.
2Q4l0.
2'1110.
i'lIlO.
2"110.
iQllO.
2"110.
I
£:lCAi.ATlClH HHE;; 1I.01~11 DUCUtllH R41t" O.OJO
JLL (oSTS T~ I 1000
CUMULATIVE PRtStNI CUMULATIVE
TOTAL "IIR'tt P.l!I.
Ili~. to'5. IOY5. _
i4',. li~1. ilbi.
4071. 14~4. l.ab.
SQ77. l~qJ. 5~lq.
eI4~. 1.51. 7476.
1094 q • li~J. 9739.
_ liUII. U11. 11111._.
14111. 1140. li450.
Ib041. IlIO. 117110.
177~~. liAi. 1504J.
IV~Ol. li~5. t1l191.
illS5. Il19. 175i7.
ilO;!4. ___ liOli. Il1l, ..... __ ~
14a09. Ilao. 19911.
lb'I]. 1150. i1171.
laa4'. 1390. ii4bO.
11013. 1349. lJ'09.
13101. 1310. 15119.
1S'!iH. _____ 1l1;!. ________ Ul'lO ..... __ _
177111. lilS. 1711iS.
]99'11. lt9'1. __ 18fl4. _
4illl. 1144. 1.9a8.
44451. 1110. 31118.
4b~al. 1091. li115.
411'1l. IIW:i. _____ 351110 _______ _
5114'. 1034. 34314.
5]113. 10011. J5318.
55~0). 975. 311191.
5d54l. li4d. 11540.
111481. 1111. 1.751. 114!1il. _______ ltJII. ______ J9C}ll~ ____ _
11'361. 1141. 410119.
7010]. 1101. 111177.
7]141. 107~. 4Ji54.
"blll. 1045. .4i98 __
1911). 1014. 45311.
lliO.l.. fib .. _____ ~"'!'.Ul _______ _
A5001. 9511. 47154.
81943. 918. 4818l.
90A81. 901. 49DI'.
9Jlil. 175. 49958.
qll'el. a50. 501DA.
9YU3. illS. ___ SIU3_-_____ ~
101~4J. 801. ~14]1.
1055al. 717. 53111.
10aSil. 7~5. 53966.
11144~. 731. 544'19.
11440J. 111. ~5410.
IIHU. 491. _____ 5.101._
110'111. .71. ~'771.
IIJlil. 451. 514l3.
IlIII.,. ~1a. 51055.
1191 OJ. ~14. 586b8.
Ili041. 59.. 59"4.
1149aJ. 518. 59ft4'.
11 3.5% DURING THE FIRST TWENTY YEARS, THEN 0%.
I-lARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY MAAO-t 'S6'
1 I j I 1 1
EXHIBIT 7
REYNOLDS CREEK
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
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APPENDIX D
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
IN'ftA:'COMpANY CoItRIIIPCINDDtCII
LOCATION Chicago Office
TO G. Volland
PROMM~ __ ~C~.~R~.~G~r~a~y~,~J~.~P~.~R~o~b~i~nsso~n~ ________ __
SUBJECT. Thorne Bay Project
Preliminary Assessment
DA.... March 25. 1981
We have completed our study of hydroelectric development of the Thorne
River basin. This pre11m.1nary study was undertaken as part of our.
~DYestigation of alternatives to the Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric
Project.
We have determined that while the Thorne Bay Project is technically
feasible, it is not as economically attractive as the Black Bear Lake
Project. Therefore, we recommend that no further studies of the Thorne
Bay Project be undertaken at this 1;1me.
Project Description
As shown on Exhibit 1, the Thorne River basin is located in Southeast
Alaska on Prince of Wales Island. The river basin drains to the east
into Thorne Bay, which connects to Clarence Strait.
The Thorne Bay Project would consist of a rockfi11 dam and a concrete
face. An uncontrolled spillway would be located in the left abutment.
Water for hydro power generation would pass through a single 16 foot
diameter concrete tunnel, located in the right abutment. to the sea
level powerhouse. The powerhouse would have two Francis turbines total-
ing 17.3 MW of installed capacity. The installed capacity has been set
so the average capacity factor is about equal to that of the Black Bear
Lake Project, i.e. 45 to 50 percent. Average annual energy production
is estimated as 75,800 KWh.
Exhibit 2 is a table of significant data for the Thorne Bay Project.
Also included in Exhibit 2 is data for the Black Bear Lake Project for
comparison.
The Thorne River ,basin is an excellent producer of commercial salmon
species and also provides excellent sport fishing resources (see
Exhibit 3). . . The system is considered one of the most
1/ Ecological data used in the preparation of this section were provided
by D. Kelly, ADFG, from ADFG stream survey f11es exc,ept where noted.
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
LOCATION Chicago Office
TO~ ____ ~G~._V~o~l~la~n~d ______________________ _
~OMM~ __ ~C~.~R~.~G~r~a~y~.~J~.P~.~R~o~bwi~n~s~oMn __________ __
SUItJECT. Thorne Bay Proj ect
Preliminary Assessment
DAT': March 25 I 1 981
Page Two
valuable and productive fishery resources in Southeast Alaska (D. Kelly,
pers. comm.).The ent~r. drainage was assigned the highest possible
sport fishery and commercial fishery ratings (i.e., S) in USFS' TLMP
(USFS 1978, 1979), and estuarine sensitivity was rated 4. Jones (1978)
lists the Thorne River system among the highest quality watershed in
Southeast Alaska for both steelhead and cutthroat trout. The USFS
assigned LOn designations of III or IV to lands in the Thorne River
basin, although ADFG had included the watershed among the 19 "High Qua-
lity Watersheds" in the Tongass National Forest recommended for LUD I
or 11 classification (USFS 1979). Logging has occurred in some parts
of the drainage, but a prime consideration during future logging opera-
tions will be protection of the fishery resource.
USFS (1979) assigned wildlife value ratings of 1-3 (low to moderate on
the scale of O-S) to basin lands, except for those surrounding the mouth
of Thorne River and its estuary, which were rated 4 (high). Wildlife
reported in the area includes black bear, waterfowl (geese, mallards,
and mergansers), and bald eagle. ADFG has reported several eagle trees
in the basin, at least four of which are in the lower drainage (below
North Thorne Rivet;) •.
Runoff Computation
Basin runoff is estimated on the basis of drainage area, and basin ele-
vation and exposure comparison with gaged basins.
There are three gaging stations about 8 miles to the southeast of the
Black Bear Lake basin having fairly comparable unit runoff. Maybeso
Creek at Hollis was s.elected as being most directly in the path of mois-
ture inflow. This station had an average runoff of 9.01 cfs per square
mile. An average basin elevation of about 1180 has been estimated for
Maybeso Creek.
The effect of elevation on runoff in Southeast Alaska was studied by
the Alaska Power Authority and U.S.' Bureau of Reclamation. Based on
those studies and additional studies of data from Mahoney Creek, near
Ketchikan, we established a value of 0.003 cfs per square mile for each
foot of elevation for use in computing the runoff of Black Bear Lake
for the 1979 reconnaissance study.
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HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
IN'IIIA-CO .... ANY co ... aPONDDlc&
LOCATION Chicago. Office
TO ______ ~G~._V~o~l~l~a=nd~ ____________________ __
~OM~ __ ~C~.~R~.~G~r=ay~,~J~.~Pu·~R=o~b~i~ncso~n~ ________ __
SUBJECT. Thorne Bay Project
Preliminary Assessment
•
DATK ____ M~A~r~c~b~2~5 •• ~1~9"8.1----__ _
Page Three
The Thorne River basin appears to average about 865 feet in elevation •
Using 0.003 cfs/sq. mi. decrease in runoff per foot of elevation and
allowing for a 5% decrease for the decreased average spillover for the
basin gives 7.7 cfs/sq. mi. average runoff for the basin. For the
drainage area of 175.2 mi. the average flow is 1342 cfs.
Costs
A reconnaissance level construction cost estimate was prepared for the
project. The estimates include the direct cost of civil works, con-
tractor'soverhead and profit, purchase and installation of equipment,
contingencies, engineering and owner's administration. The estimates
are at January 1981 price levels and exclude price escalation beyond that
date. Interest during construction is also excluded. Unit prices for
the various civil work items are the same as those'used in the Black Bear
Lake estimate where applicable. Costs for electrical equipment were based
on recent data provided by manufacturers and adjusted to January 1981
price levels. The cost estimate for the project appears in Exhibit 4.
Conclusion
Our reconnaissance studies have indicated that hydroelectric development
of the Thorne River basin is possible.
Our survey of geologic data indicate that suitable foundations, requir-
ing normal treatment procedures, exist at the _ite of the proposed
structures. Project features would have to be designed to resist poten-
, tial damage due to seismic activity.
Our envirOtllllental evaluation of the Thorne River development indicates
that any dam constructed in the lower reach of Thorne River would
require facilities to provide for upstream passage of adult salmonids,
as well as downstream outmigration of juvenile fish. Changes in the
downstream discharge regfme would almost certainly have significant
adverse effect on pink and chum salmon spawning and rearing activities
in the lower stream and upper estuary,., unless project discharges were
modified. Estuarine salinity gradients and inflow of nutrients from
the'river would also be changed, which would adversely affect the pro-
ductivity of the estuarine ecosystem.
HARZA ENGINEERING COMPANY
INTJIlA.COMPANY COaDPONDDICS
LOCATION Chicago Office
TO~ ____ ~G~._V~o~l~l~a~nd=-____________________ __
PROMM-__ ~C~.~R~.~G~r~a~Yu.~J~.~P~.~R~o~b~1n~s~o~n __________ _
SUBJECT. Thorne Bay Project
Preliminary Assessment
DAT" March 25. 1981
Page Four
Except as noted above. the Thorne Bay development is expected to have
about the same 1II&gnitwie of potential impacts on recreation and wildlife
as the Black Bear Lake Project.
As shown on the Table of Significant Data, the Black'Bear Lake Project
has a lower cost per kilowatt and a lower initial capital cost than the
Thorne Bay Project. The Thorne Bay Project would also have a greater
adverse effect on the environment than Black Bear Lake.
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HIlI
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:
\
ALASKA \ :
\
KEY MAP
EXHIBIT 1
!..emIr
"'"
..
Heyers
Project Name
RESERVOIR
Normal Maximum
W.S. Elev. ms1
Tailwater E1ev.
HYDROLOGY
Drainage Area sq. mi.
Avg. Annual Runoff cfs/mi2
Avg. Annual Streamflow cfs
DAM
Type
Height, Ft.
Top Elevation ms1
Dam Volume cy
SPILLWAY
Type
Crest Elevation ms1
Width, Ft.
Design Discharge cfs
PENSTOCK
Type
Diameter, in.
Length, Ft.
Shell Thickness, in.
POWERSTATION
Number of Units
Turbine Type
Rated Head Ft.
Generator Rating kW
POWER AND ENERGY
Installed Capacity kW
Avg. Annual Energy MWh
Avg. Plant Factor %
COSTS AND ECONOMICS
Construction Cost $x10 6
Unit cost, $/kW inst.
TABLE OF SIGNIFICANT DATA ------
Black Bear Lake
1,710
120
1.86
13.5
25.1
Steel Binwall
and Rockfil1
28
1,719
13,000
Concrete Chute
1,710
27
1,200
Steel
26
3,100
0.250
4
Impulse
1,460
1,250
5,000
22,000
50
13.0
2,600
Exhibit 2
Thorne Bay Project
125
o
175.2
7.7
1,342
Rockfill
170
150
570,000
Concrete Chute
125
105
37,200
Concrete
192
1,000
_5_
Francis
103
8,650
17,300
75,800
50
102.4
5,920
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I J
Commercial
Species
Available
Stream
Spawning
Area
Sport
Species
Salmon Peak
Escapements
Salmon
Escapement
Since 1970
SOURCE: ADFG
I
Thorne River
Pink, chum, coho,
sockeye, perhaps
king
309,022 m2
Excellent cutthroat,
Dolly Varden,
steelhead
98,000 Pink 23 Aug 66
15,000 Chum 27 Sept 57
900 Coho 24 July 56
10,000 Sockeye 24 July 56
(records for 1937 -1978)
Pink
low
high
last
1000 1975
= 80,000 1976
record -10 ,906
Chum, coho, sockeye
not broken down in
escapement record
1978
t ,
Exhibit 3
Comparative Fisheries Data
Thorne River System
North Thorne River
Coho (90%), sockeye (6%)
chum (3%), pink (1%):
no king observed
53,000 m2
Excellent steelhead,
cutthroat, Dolly Varden
259 Coho 1972
118 Sockeye 1972
t j & J I j
Cutthroat Creek
Coho and sockeye
l4,715m 2
Cutthroat Cr.
(47,579m2 total
Control Cr.system)
Dolly Varden, cut-
throat, possibly
steel head
Unknown
I
Black Bear Creek
Pink, Chum, Coho,
Sockeye
3l,906m2
23,546 upstream:
8,360 intertidal
Stream Dolly
Varden/Cutthroat,
Steelhead; BBL
stocked Rainbow
350,000 Pink
9 Oct 45
10,000 Chum
12 Aug 63
6,500 Coho
27 Oct 44
700 Sockeye
24 Aug 65
(records for
1944-1978)
Pink
low = 30 1978
high 42,300
27 Aug 75
last
record = 30 1978
Chum
only
record = 800
17 Sept 73
Coho, Sockeye
none seen since
1965
ESTIMATE BARZA ENGINEERING COHP A.NY
CBIC.&.GO. ILLINOIS
prolect ___ T_HO_RN_E_BA_y _________ Da.. March 9, 1981 Page 1 of 1 Pages
Structur._ ..... l:..7w.L.::i3~0~0...:k~W!..._ ____________ Eltlmatecl by _____ Checbcl by __ -_ .... ITIM Qr'" IWtPrkle ~ No.
1 Mobilization 4 000 boo
2 Land and Land Rights 7 670 boo
3 Reservoir Clearing 2 730 000
4 Diversion and Care of Water 7 ooe 000
S Dam and Intake 28 soc boo
6 Water Conductor 2 700 boo
7 Powerhouse 2 53( boo
B Me~hani~al and Ele~tri~al Eouinment !.. 70r hoo
9 Roads and Brid2es R 1 fir hnn
10 T ... ~,.,"'mi .. cd on Li ne~ 1 LL?O noo
Direct Cost $ 69 390 000
Contin2encies !-25% 17 ~"n nnn
Total Direct Cost !s 86 740 000
En2ineerinll and Administration '18% Pi 610 hoo
Tn...,., r.nnqtrn~t:ion Cost (10/79 P,..i~e Lev-=-l l) is 102 400 boo
..
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-APPENDIX E
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Appendix E
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF
FISH AND GAME
LAKE AND STREAM
SURVEY REPORTS
1. Black Bear Lake and Black Bear Creek
2. Thorne River System
3. Reynolds Creek and Portage Creek Systems
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'"""" --...
-... 1 . Black Bear Lake and Black Bear Creek
-.. ,--.... -
. .". -
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Alaska· Depa,.tment 01
Fish and Game
JAMES w. BROOKS, COMMISSIONER
ARCT/~ o C E A N
Division. of Sport Fish
Federal Aid in Fish Restoration
July 1,"1973 to June 30, 1974
Study No. G-I:
Inventory and Cataloging
JOB NO. G-I-A:
I nventory and Cataloging of the
Sport Fish and Sport Fish Waters
it"! Southeast Alaska
--, """-f"'W~SCI\) CU.. --'" V I\J 0
Subport Build ing
Juneau, AK 99801
__ • t... • __
BLACK BEAR LAKE
Black Bear Lake is located on Prince of Wales Island at SS033' north
latitude and 132°52' west longitude. The system was named after the
heavy black bear activity on spawning salmon by B. I. Jones in 1914
(Orth, 1911).
An outline map was prepared from an aerial photograph. Depth contours
and bottom features were measured by use of a recording echo sounder,
and repr~sentative depth contours were plotted on the outline map (Figure
IS). Morphometric data, areas of depth zones and values of depth strata
are presented in Table 30.
Black Bear Lake is a cirque mountain lake located at the northwest foot-
hills of Pin Peak, northwest of Klawak Lake, and west of Salmon Lake. It
collects the runoff from the mountain walls above and empties into Black
Bear Creek. Two miles downstream the creek widens to form Black ~f
Lake and then narrows to flow north to empty into Big Salt Lake estuary.
Black Bear Lake is 1.4 miles long and varies in width from 1/8 to 3/8
mile. Six streams drain into the head of the lake.
The mountain runoff streams that flow into the lake are narrow and steep.
They were 1 to 3 feet wide and 1 to 2 inches deep at the time of survey.
Black Bear Lake spills into Black Bear Creek, which descends through a
steep draw to empty into Big Salt Lake. The creek flow is rapid at the
lake'S outlet and varies down to ~ sluggish movement near the estuarine
zone. It varies in depth from 3 feet upstream to 9 inches downstream.
The width is about 80 feet. Throughout its course small muskeg tributaries
enter to contribute to its light muskeg coloration.
The stream was found to contain abundant pools with bank cover. Substrate
is comprised of rubble, gravel, and sand.
Temperature profiles were recorded during the one-dny survey. A gradual
thermocline was recorded in the 7-lS meter zone (Fi&urc 16).
Surface and ,bottom water samples were tested for dissolved oxygen and
carbon dioxide and found to be 12 mgll and IS mg/l, respectively. The
pH fluctuated only slightly from 6.S on the surface to 6.6 at the bottom.
Zooplankton at the time of sampling was composed primarily of large
copepods (Table 31).
Rainbow trout introduced to the lake have established a good trout sport
fishery. Length-age of rainbow caught August 30 was as follows: 24 em,'
3+; 32 cm, 4+; 39.S cm, S+.
Black Bear Lake is only accessible by float plane. Charters may be
made from Ketchikan for those persons outside Prince of Wales Island or
from Klawock for parties already located on the island.
71
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t J I .1 I j I J l 1 , j , I l j , 1 I J
TRUE NORTH
Depths In meters
Figure 15. Bathymetric Map of Black Bear Lake.
BLACK BEAR LAKE
N 55-' 33.'-W 13£ 52'
AREA -232 Acre.
VOLUME -21.888 Acre Feet
26.4 Million Cubic Meter.
MAXIMUM DEPTH -67 Meter.
MEAN DEPT H -28' Meter.
I Mile
-
-TABLE 30. Morphanetry of Black Bear Lake.
Water Area ~
Hectares 93.9
Acres 232
Percent or Depth Zone Areas
0-6 (m) 17.2
6-12 8.6
12-18 11.6
18-24 10.8
211-30 9.5
30-36 7.8
Water Volume
Cubic meters x 10 6
Acre feet x 10 3
(%)
26.4
21.9
36-42 (m) 6.5 (%)
42-48 9.0
48-54 6.0
54-60 5.2
60-66 1.7
Percent Volume of Depth Strata
0-6 <m) 19.0
6-12 16.4
12-18 14.2
18-24 11.8
24-30 9.8
30-36 8.0
Maximum Depth • 66m
Mean Depth • 4.7m
<%)
Lake Perimeter = 3.435m
36-42 (m) 9.0 (%)
112-48 5.2
48-54
54-60
60-66
73
3.6
2.0
0.8
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--
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-
>.1j,.'qf
"~.( .
.....
-...
-".
......
,,~ -
...... 1. .......
Pigure 16. Temperature Profiles of Black Dear and Salmon Lakes.
..
It
I
"T
.
, , . . : · · ·
.. " .. ,. ... ".
I
.. '
,"
•
'f
It
J.
".'u."" '" .. It .. II .. , I • ., la'" tlal U
.........
. ... .
• 'e •
.... .... .... . " ........ ,"\\ . ......
.' ..............
".,If.II'. ".111. .1 hi •••
• 'e .1
74
.'
I
. ' .. .' .' .'
. .
••• c
, , , , ,
la", "1"71
U
,
I
TABLE 31. Zooplankton Composition and Densit7.
Black Bear Lake, August 31 , 1913.
Rotitera
Kellicottia • 21.2
Conochilus • 50.3
Cladocera
Bosmina
Copepoda
• 5.3
Calanoida .. 20.1
C7clopoida .. 2.9
Nauplii • 1.2
7S
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" ' -.... --" -.... , .. -. ...
"''''' ...
If>.:;,' ...
"",",,,"h -, . ..
... ,,,
...
1liW"
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...
Most of the lake. shore can be walked but not without some labor. Large
boulders along the shore line make a rapid straight course impossible.
The rocky bank is limited to the eastern' shore line. Pishing from any
given spot along the shore was generally good. Deep waters immediately
adjacent to shore make fishing from land easy. Perhaps the best spots
for fishing from shore are located in the southeastern section of
the lake where rock slides have provided large boulders to fish from.
Black Bear Lake exists as a photographer's delight. The iake sits in
a spectacular setti~g with the westerly shore having steep mountainous
sloped to the water's edge. The peaks supply a constant source of melting
snow that produces streamlets that end in a series of waterfalls to the
lake.
The National Forest Service maintains a cabin for public use at the
northeast end of the lake. A boat, of questionable safety, was available .
.
Fishing can be slow at times but persistence should produce some fine
rainbow, the only species present.
Hunting and hiking are other activites available in proximity to the lake.
Behind the Forest Service cabin a trail leads to an easily climbed ridge,
which gives access to other high country_
76
RECREATIONAL SURVEY OF BLACK BEAR CREEK
Black Bear Creek may be reached by skiff of any size from Klawock;
waters are protected but caution should by taken to enter Big Salt
Lake at high or low water slack via the south entrance. Strong tidal
currents may prove hazardous at any other time of entry to the lake.
Big Salt Lake high and low water is two hours after outside water.
The creek is accessible via Big Salt Lake logging road. The road will
be passable by most any vehicle. Big Salt Lake road crosses the creek
approximately 8 miles from Klawock.
Charter flights can be made from Ketchikan to Big Salt Lake or "Coastal
Air" daily flights to Klawock or Craig.
The creek can be fished from the banks, but bank cover of salmonberry,
devils club and blueberry may restrict fishing in parts of the lower
2 miles. Within the section of stream surveyed, certain areas are
distinctive as being good fishing spots: 1) The mouth of the stream
enters an estuary habitat, an open area of grasses with no trees or
shrubs to impede fishing; 2) Within 200 yards south of bridge crossing.
3) Approximately 1 1/2 miles from mouth of the creek a large marshy
meadow exists for a half mile. This spot provides good fishing its
entire length. The stream channel here is wide and deep allowing for
a variety of fishing methods.
The first mile of stream is composed of wide shallows, primarily with
gravel and rubble bottom, which can be forded easily. In the second
mile, the velocity of stream increases and a more irregular and slippery
bottom exists. In this section the western bank provides the best walk-
ing. The marshy area can be walked from either side of the stream. The
walking is difficult due to overgrown vegetation over the stream c.hannel
and holes.
From the marshy lowlands, I mile south of the bridge, one gains a good
view of Pin Peak and the mountains to the south making for a pleasurable
fishing spot.
The Forest Service maintains a public cabin on Big Salt Lake, which
might provide shelter for fishermen in the area. Access to other nearby
fishing sites, Thorne River and Steelhead Creek, is provided.
Species present include silver, pink, red, and chum salmon; Dolly Varden;
and cutthroat. In the first week in August, pink and chum salmon were
seen in the stream. Four major pools in the first 2 miles had salmon.
An estimated 7S salmon were seen in the first pool below the bridge.
Rod and reel survey proved successful in taking cutthroat trout on streamer
flies in three of the major pools.
77
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ALASKA 'DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME IO:S" ~ 0 .. 03 I -DIVISION OF SPORT FISH
LAKE SURVEY SUMMARY
LAKE_-=B:..:LA=C:..:J(~B:..:EA=R;.::,...,.:LA=J(=E=--___ _
82E, 83E
r. _..:C::.::r:.::a::.::i:.,;;;qL....,;;:C::,.-..:3::..-___ T_...;.7...:::3=S_R 8 2E , 8 3E s12 , 13 : 7, LAT.
18
Prince of Wale. Island ~ RF E 1650 ft ~c.,--~====~;;~~~-=~~~---------~u . ~ ·
' ...... SURF. ACRES,_...;2.:::,"3''''-=2...=-_____ MAX. DEPTH
SHOAL AREA WATER COlOR
.... AQUATIC VEGElAn None seen in lake
37 fm. AVG.DEPTH 20 fm. ACREFJ ',c(f
green SECCHI READING 22 meter.
ex. mo •• at creek mouth Rhacomitrium
aciculare?
'-2. FISH SPECIES: N4nVE __ .:::N;::.0~n::e:....... _____________ 1NTRODUCED Rainbow'
, ,
Wlllllf3. FISHING HISTORY Light fishing pressure usu. 4-5 parties of people a year.
_ Season is limited due to late breakup_
...... INVERTEBRATES Caddis fly larvae, annelids, small clams, platyhelminthes, cladocera.
-5.~lEIS,_~N~um~e~r~o~u~s~Do~u~n~t~a~in=-~r~u=n::o~f~f~s~t~r:.::e::.::am~s~.:....... ____ D~CHARG'~E ______________ ~
_.-.!::u~s:.::u~a~1:.=l:...lY~1~-..:3:.....:f:.:t:..:.--.!!w:.::i:.::d::;:e:..l';........::1:....--=2:....-=i~n:..:.--=d:.::e:;::e:.l:p:..:-__ DISCHARGE ~ ...
_~ ___ ~_~ ___ --=:-:----:-~_-=---::-:::--__ --AJOISCHARGE c:&
,.. BARRIERS usu. qui te steep gradient & shallow.
"'6.0UTl£TS N. end of lake - 5 ft. wide. OISCHARG·~E _____________ ,~
__ ~~~~ __ ~~ __ ~-~~~--:-~-~~-=--__ ~DISCHARG~E_-r _____________ ~
.,. BARRIERS Falls just beyond outlet, then further 1000 ft. drop • ....
1. SPAWNING AREAS There is some good spawning gravel, esp. off inlets at the soutm
and northeast ends.
"'''''' 8. WATERSHED TYPE Mountain-cirque lake. Steep gradientltUINAGE AREA ACRES
some muskeq in qentler slopes. Mountain hemlock, rusty menenzia, cedar,
·"'.ACCESSIBllITY By float plane. . few spruce, moss, vaccinium, cassiope,
etc. -10. ACCESS STATUS,_--"S .... o...,u""'t ... h~T:.;o:.ono.:;g:::l,;a=s:.s:'"-N=a-=t=i.:o:::n:.::ac:l:....:,F..:oc:r:.;:e:.,:s::.,:t:.,:.:....... ___________________ _
-...
I1.USESlTE ________________ -JFACILmES USFS cabin, wood stove, 14' aluminum
_ skiff.
12.0T~RU~, ___________________________________________ ___
..,J3. POllUTlONI ____ .&:N~o:..!;n~e:..:.:....... ______________________________ _
,..,J". REMARKS --
.--
-.--
A beautiful area, the crystal clear mountain waters and breathtakinq
mountains make this cirque lake an excellent place for those who enjoy
the esthetics. The trout, though not plentiful, were healthy and
scrappy and delicious' The south end of the lake produced 4 pan size
in a half hour with a spoon. Trollinq produced only 1 fish for sev.'
hours thouqh larqer. One of the cabin users reports a 20· rainbow.
The lake is quite deep, usually dropping quite rapidly not far from
shore. The south and northeast end of the lake have the qreatest area
of shallows, some boulder-rubble areas extend into the lake below
slide areas. These slides are undoubltedly an important nutrient
source of the lake, brinqing trees, other plants, and soil to the
system.
ft ________ ~S~h~o~r.ta-~B~eMh.r ______________________ __ DATE Seotember 2, 1973
BY
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
DIVISION OF SPORT FISH
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
NAME BLACK BEAR LAKE
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-
LOCATION Prince of Wales Is. _
REMARKS
The bottom is mostly boulder-rubble in the steeper graded areas
with some gravel and sand present on the more gradual slopes. The
basin of the lake was dredged coming up with brown ooze, sand,
gravel, and wood debris. Many trees could be seen on bottom.
Invertebrates were surprisingly abundant. The dredging brought up
annelids and small clams. Caddis fly, stonefly larvae, leeches were
found in streams and lake shallows. The plankton net brought up
abundant what appear to be red cladocera plus some green planktons.
There is melt water and snow patches near the lake year round;
accumulative snow fall in. the winter is great -it has crushed
two Forest Service aluminum skiffs.
Deer hunting appears to be an attraction here also, though none
were sighted.
STA 1
air 6.0 o C 2 TVL Plankton hauls
secchi 22 m.
deEth temp e!L DO
surf 7.8 6.'5 12 mg/l
1 7.9
7 7.7
8 7.5
9 7.0 CO2
10 6.5 15 mg/l 11 6.3
12. 6.0
13 5.8
14 5.6
15 5.6
16 5.4
18 5.3
19 5.1
20 5.1
STA 2
air 9.0 o C
deEth temp
surf 8.7
1 8.6
3 8.5
6 8.4
8 8.3
10 8.2
11 8.0
13 7.6
14 7.2
15 6.7
16 6.5
17 6.2
18 6.0
19 5.7
20 5.5
2 TVL Plankton hauls
depth temp
25 4.9
27 4.8
28 4.7
29 4.6
31 4.5
34 4.4
40 4.3
42 4.2
44 4.1
49 4.0
end of thermocouple
cable
E!L DO ...;..CO.;..t2,,--_
-
-..
...
-
-
-23 5.0
25 4.9
26 4.9 6.6
22
23
24
5.4
S.l
5.0
surf 6.5 12mg/l 15mq/l
bottom 6.5 12mg/l 15mq/l ,.
bottom -
Short-Behr DATE September 2, 1973 ----------------------------------
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Name: Black Bear Creek Catalog No: 103-60-31
La tit ude: 55°37 i 1411 Fonner Strcru:, ..... r~lo-:...,..WwC-;4"1-• .;;:;.P~r-e-v..."i-ou-s-n-o-. -:51,
l.ongitude: 132 0 SG'QB* AOF no. 177. FWS no. 18,
Gcodct ic Map No: Craig C-3 Work Area :...:;....--h-Ke-t-c-h-m-n-,-----
tocation: head of Big Salt lake. Creek and Watershed ).cmgt : 7.25 mil.e .. s"'__ ___ _
_ 1.. ts_ lakes and tributaries including Black Drainage Area:, 17 sg mi (polar planjmeter'-
Lake and Black Bear Lake 1-later Supply 1 fpe:. two lake.sJnd...J:Wl.":.......
off-
Trai Is & Survey Routes: the left side Ofth=-e-st-r-e-am--::Ci-s reRort.id.-.tP~..:t.he easjer
route for hi ki ng along the strear.l
RESOURCES
Schoollng Areas: at the mouth on the extensive flats or jn the several deep pools
beginning at the bridge and in the deep slough areL _____________ _
spa\.; ing Areas: the upper intertidal to the slough area and between. the slo~ug~b,,---_
and .ack lake
SHELLFISH POT1~~TIAL: dungeness crabs reported iD.....8.is.-.S..iliJ .. I.ktL_. _______ .. _. __ _
--_._----------------------'------;-
SPORT FISHERIES: Dolly Varden, cutthroat, abundant at times; rainbow jn Bl~k Bear
_l~~~_~~d steel head reported ____ .. ___ .. __ . ___ .. _._._ .... __ . ___ .. _
LAND USE (history, present, proposed): the Big Salt lake Road crosses the
stream at the head of tidal influence and connects Craig and Klawok with the logging
camps to the north; there was reported to be an old cannery a short distance from the
~ream on S19 Salt Lake
REHABILITATION POTENTIAI.: none needed; flow: 9-11-76, 117 cubic.· feet..E.~r second
SOl LS: stable
GMIE I:ES('URCES (species, use) habi tat): was named for the_abun~~EE~ of-.pJack .. _bears
in the area; is well Known for the number of ducks and geese whicn util1ze toe lnter-tiltal<rr1!as in tne-nn-ailirSprlng' .-----. -.... ... -...... ------------... _------_ .. -_._-'" -.... -----_._---._------,-_._--_. ----------_._----_. _.
-_ .• -,-----
--_ .. -.. -. -' _ .•.. _-_. ---_._-------......... -_. --_ ... ----.
-426 -
-.
'Ii' I"
Reported left bank easiest
to wal kt,
103 .. 60-31 Black Bear Creek
9-11-76
lar~on, Jackinsky
d.
Salmon berry, devils club and blueberry brush in areas alons
banks in lower 1/2 of stream.
j
r' lilllH of t1de •
. """",_ .. -;:-..¥"tf"""""--.... , ,
\'
-
-
-
-
-
, -..
... -..
t '\ r-----~._--------------------..
Spr!..:ce and
!1er.ticck
~
"'<t Grassy,
Lar.kS04
, ,
... ~ ,.
, I
II
" t .'. I,
... I ,
j. I ,
\ I , . . ' , , , , , .
\' 111' wide, pH 6.5, air temp
"---r " 64 F., water temp. 50 F.,
PRINCE 0 I;ALES ISLAND
Big Salt L: ke
,'substrate -1-10" rounded
,~rave1 with few fines.
~pid current, narrow, shal ow
~~ls. Rocks slick with dia t \~omaceous algae •. No fry
\" observed.
.. .. ". . .. ,
Bi 9 Salt lake
,,\
\\"
'\
£. \\
~~ \\
",,' \ \
',," To Klawok
-423 -
..
-
cfs .. ~'"
.... ,
-
-
-
--
-
-
, ,
-
--
-
.-
-.. --
Sma 11 rap 1 ds ~ Coarse gravel
103-60-31
~ Riffles Sone areas of bottom sl ippery
60%ASA
"
40' wide .. Riffles
Log
Good spawning
70% ASA ." Gravel riffles
\
lu99~Sh & dark.
t
Ii 0% ASA t Excellent rearing area
1. 1 mi 1e
Area used by
ducks & geese
-424-
Sluggish
10% ASA
Dark & sluggish
Grass [. brush on
banks
.
Black Bear lake Inlet
9-11-76
larson. Jackinsky
Water approx. 3' deep
air temp 64 F
\-Iater 48 F
Fine sand and silt bottom
Sluqoish current
Banks are 3' high, undercut, silty, covered
with grass and high bush cranberries.
Hemlock and spruce
Gentle slope
Clear, colorless water
No aquative vegetation
Several unidientified fry (may be trout)
No signs of adult salmon
-
, 11 i ~ n'!
t i iJ
j ,
I'J~
1 " , I I ",
jl
I ~'l~
! "
I I , .
! I[)
I o ~ r ;
I,
r----P-RI-N-CE-O-F-\~-A-LE-S-IS-L-A-ND-----i:
>'" ." . , ,.ti,11,. pads
o #.
fine sand
BLACK LAKE
-425 -
[
[
,
iI", .. t:
I
N
---....
PEAK ESCAPEMENT RECORD,
103-60-31
'-Black Bear Creek (head of B1g Salt Lake-San Alber to Bay) .. . , ,.
DATE PINK CHUM OTHER SPECIES Ra.1ARKS ,-
10/27/44 110;000 . -10/9/45 .350,000
"..,
10/1/46 15,000
9/24/48 46,000 .
(l,950deac
9/13/53 490 -9/8/5~ 3;000
9/:"3/57 4,000
pec.son'5f 5,000
I
reason r 59 12,000
(2,OOOdea(
lr.I")'7/;:'O 7,000 r/~I/-~
~/~5~61 11,600
23,300 • ../ :)/-;;2
I
I
F/:::U63 62,000
~/31/64
I
S/:O/6~ 23,000
I
I
~/l;/65 , .
E/24/6"" I j
b/n/'5 r --0 3,400
, r/:/66 5,500
t90 None seel
,/27/68 3,700 ! '
~/.!.1/69 2,630
\C/27/70 20,000
I I '2/26/71 14,000
~5/72 -_. 6,100
.' . . '6,500 cono
6,000
Few
1,300 2,090 coho
)(550 deac)
0
600
8,000
) (3,000 c ead)
None seen
None seen None see
None seen None seen
10,000 None seen
150 sockeye
200
50
700 sockeye
None seen None seen
None ·seen None seen
None seen None seen
None seen None seen
None seen None seen
None seen None seen
None seen None 'seen
~xceilerit .
~xcellent
Poor seed~ng.None ..
Stream t1ood,1ng.
"ery poor
Pair
.'
"
th at, mCIl'
V1s1b11 1ty
poor. . ,
.I: 'k~
f i ;H
; IlJ , , • , ~
, I 'Ijl
, .
. PEAK ESCAPEMENT RECORD
Continued:
103-60-31 Black Bear Creek,
, .
DATE PINK CHUM OTHER SPECIES P.Er'1ARKS
" . . .
9/7/73 7,.000 None seen
9/17/73 800 None ,seen
9/3/74 5,'000 None seen None seen
8/27/75 42,300 None seen None seen
8/23/76 \
510 "-None seen None seen
8/16/77 . 8,400 Non!! seen
,
'" *.' . , .
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'----'------_._---,--
-428 -
'tilt • tr u • --
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.
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-I
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•
ALASKADEPARTtAENT OF· FISH AND GAME
DIVISION OF SPORT FISH
STREAt,\ SURVEY SUr.1r.1ARY ,~. -... ..
STREAM BLACK BEAR CREEK
-LOG.Big Salt Lake, Prince of
. Wales Island
-REF Craig C-3 tAT 55· 37' N LONG. 132 0 57' 40" W
..-nARY TO Big Salt Lake . MAIN DRAINAGE Black Bear Creek
IGIN _ Black Bear Lake LENGTH 6.5 miles WATERSHED AREA t,Cf:s;rw
~ ~
:lOW l;'ap~d to lower upper lower upper
~NGe •. VElOCITY sluggish AVG. WIDTH 25 :an~. 25 :?tVG. DEPTH 9 n 3 ft.
FLOOD HEIGHT COLOR/IURBIDITY H.,tv<..'Lt4Q. / de.t..Jt-
-Plane-boat to Bi9' Salt·Lake. . . .~ ..
--.CCESStBIUTY By road from Craig, Hollis,. bridge crossing near mouth,
\
-"CCESS STATUS South Tongass Nat'l Forest.
~SECTION SURVEYED Lower 2 miles from moue-
lRIBUTAR!!S Numerous small muskeg tributaries. One-balf mile upstream on east
bank a tributary 12' wide and 3" deep enters Black Bear Creek.
-eonOM TYpe: Lower 1/2 mi" -50\ rubble, 40' STREAM GRADIENT S
gravel, 10\ sand w/few boulders. Next 1/2 mi. -40\ rubble (cont. next page)
"'POOLS • DESCRIPTION & FREQUENCY Lower mile has occasional pools« 3-4 ft t deep about as
_ long as stream width with little shelter. Two such pools at first bend above
b~dae. One luila up a very laroe, deep (10 ft.) pool with luxurious vegetation
... extends 1/2 to 3/4 mile upstream.
BARRIERS None noted.
· ..... NG AR!A. Excellent facilities in lower 1/2 mile t poor the next mile« then
excellent above.
"BANK COVER Lower mile partially shaded by hemlock-spruce. salmonberry« devils
clubs a few gravel bars •. Next 3/4 mile open, overhanging banks of (cont)
• WAtERSHED TYPE Hemlock spruce coastal forest. Wide flat valley with some muskeg
.~ headed up by mountain drainage area. .
,.FISHSPEC!ES Cutthroat. Dolly Varden. oink salmon. cbum salmon, silver salmon.
sculpin, stickleback, and reportedly steelhead. FISHING HIS!ORY __________________________________ _ -...
j" FISHING INT!:NSITY_~ ________________________________ _
""" IN\lERTESRATES, __ -=-_---::-__ -::--:-__________________________ _
A!UNCANCE __ ~2-as~u~r~b~e~r~s~t~awk~e~n~.~ ____________________________________ __
.-AQUATIC VEGETATION Diverse, abundant above 1/2 mile. Green & brown filamentous
algae, mo.sses,. eel grasses, equisetum, bladderworts, lily pads •.
. ~ WATER USE:_.a::N.:.:o:.un~eu.. _______________________ ------________ _
"'1'! POlUTlON_ .... ~~To"'n:.!.!e!i!..!... ______________________________________ _
, REMARKS Big Salt Lake should only be qone into by boat through the south
entrance at slac}: hiqh water. Consult locals. The large shallow
tidal area at the head of the lake make it difficult to take a
boat up near the mouth.
BY
_-riilll &
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
DIVISION OF SPORT FISH
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
NAME BLACK BEAR CREEK
LOCATION Big Salt Lake .....
P~ince of Wales Islan~
A large rocky mud flat extends out 1/4 mile from the mouth of
Black Bear Creek. Many types of algae and Zostera marina are
present along with many Euphasids, sand dabs, starry flounder,
Gangonid shrimp, and small sculpin. An interesting area.
WATER
Air °C 14.0
waterOC 12.0
pH 6.6
C02 (. 5 mg/l
DO 12 mg/l
Overcast skies
Tot. alkalinity 1 grain/qal ~
17.1 mg/l CaC0 3 "
'vn Tot. hardness 1 grain/gal ~
17.1 mg/l cac03
MINNOW TRAPS 6 tra2 hours
Sculpin Silver
8.6 9.0
11.2 8.2
11.2 8.4
9.6 8.5
8.4 7.4
10.0 7 .• 8
11.0 8.9
·11.4 6.7
9.1 6.8
10.0 5.4
Short-Behr .
Salmon
9.1
8.6
7:8
6.4
8.6
4.2'
9.1
9.3
7.6
Dolly Varden
14.8
11.5
9.3
8 Spine Stickleback
5.0 ,
Three cutthroat were picked
up w/red and,reel.
X F.L. 34.5 .
Schools of pink and chum salmon
were seen in most of the pools.
DATE August 6, 1973
-..
..
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...
... ....
...
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-
-
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--
-
122-20
55" 37. 3' N. 132" 5,6. II ,W.
WEST COAST. SHINA.KU JNUT, BIG SALT LAKE, Head.
ADF STAT. No.
WC 41
Previous No. 51
ADF No.177
,WS No. 18
MAJOR SPECIES PlDIc. OTHER SPECIES Chum, coho.
ESCAPEMENT TIMING late.Aut--oc:c.(estImatecl). ESCAPEMENT MAGNITUDE
SPAWNING FACILITIES Fcdr.
STREAM TEMPERATURES Nocmal-ruge. No observed tempeMturet.
VALLEY DESCRIPTION 'Wlclaglacial-cuc. 'l'heftUeyllopeS. ol~ .. treom Isvezyateep. Bcmksare
fPCIlMlyb .....
DRAINAGE 17.8 squon miles (l1OJ.ar pIu1meter). DraiDt a 14ke" mlla1lptreom. alld Bear l4ke. Snow8elds to E.
aIIld W. c:aatrlbute _eIt. .
STREAM MOUTH IDENTIFICATION nutrecnD eaten the head eIIld of DIg Salt lake. Then Is
o Jarge ilclaflat at the moutJa. •
ANCHORACE Refer to we 40-
TRAILS AND SURVEY ROUTES No cle&dt. tl'ClUa. The left bank Is most easily followed. Dilf1cult
tD'WGde.
AERIAL SURVEY NOTES, Oaly foIr aerlGl YlsIWUty because of dark calorecl water. CoocI during low flow.
INTER TIDAL ZONE
LENGTH 0.3 mile. AVERAGE WIDTH/DEPTH ,,()I·60' /6".10-:'
GRADIENT AND VELOCITIES ~Ugbt.
BOTTOM CimveL
LOW TIDE LOCATION
HIGH TIDE LOCATION
SCHOOLINC LOCATION
SCHOOLING AREAS 'l'he 8sh seem to school fA Big Salt lake.
SPA W N I N GAR EA S FlIIh spaWA fA the 1lpper part, the bottom composltlcm ID the lower aectlcm il largely mud.
GENERAL NOTES
UPSTREAM
LENGTH ACCESSIBLE "miles to'14ke. AVERAGE WIDTH/DEPTH 25'·40 '/16".30".
GRADIENT AND VELOCITIES Moderate.
BOTTOM SaIIld. grovel, oIIld bould ....
MARKER DISTANCE
MARKER IDENTIFICATION
BARRIERS NoDe.
TIUBUTARIES Thr .. 'small tributcaries belGw lak ..
SCHOOLINC AREAS S&v_llorg. pools in the Ji.rst o.$.m11e. ne major schooUDg area Is just above the inter-
tidollDD... Also ICboollDg ID the 1.5 miles of slough above.
SPAWNING AREAS Scattered throughout the.&rst 0.5 mUe. SpaWAiu9 above the slough.
thJJ area. Some spaw:a.lDg ID Inte' stream to lake.
GENERAL NOTES .
l~ .. ; .
. ' , .
. L: '.
.. ;'
, . . .
d
; ~
j
";
:'
If
122-20 ESCAPEMENT RECORD
SURVEYED PINK
Dote Miles By' tive DeacI
IMf.
Oct 'ZI FWS 110.000 '.$00 coho 1945
Oct 9 FWS 350,000 6,000 1948
Aug 21 CZ.O .ASI 2Z5 320 lep24 CZ.S AS1 44S.000 1,_ 1.300 5SO 20090 coho Oct 5 CJ.O. _ASI .. s,Gq .~ .. 6$0 . '.-.. 370 300 20$00 coho 1953 , . lep IS CO.S. ", • ~WS .•...• 490 ,. ,:.~,;~ ;.. , .:. 1954 . , .
lep 8 A4.0 'FlU 3,000 0 1957
lep 8 CS.2 FWS 420 19C50 ••• ; * ...
Aug 22 A AD. 0 0 Sep 2 . C 1.5 AD, 2,'$00 3.000 lep %1 A AD, 7,000 20000 1961
Aug 10 COoS ADF 22S
Aug 15 A ADF 10,100
lep 12 A ADF 4,300 2,300 s..p IS CO.7 AD, 3.295 750
196a
Aug 2 A ADF 1,900
Aug 15 A ADF -9,100
Sep 3 A ADF 23,300
ADF STAT. No.
we 41
I'revioul No. 51
ADF No.177
FWS No •. 18
REMARKS
Adjecdve rotlng
Exultent
Exult ••
. ScI_. flOOclUs9-Vb1biUty poor
:i» plall at mCNth ."
S,OOO pale and chum at mouch
Non. at mouth. Mony dead fish
AU fresh fish
1,$00 piDk ot mouth, fish up CO
take GDCI iD iDtec stream of loke
R.m CWf'I1'
NQay deod and .pent fish .
Vb1biUty excellent "-
Som. cham. VisibiUty excelleat
Molt iD lower stream
. .
-
-
-
-
-
,-
....
-
122-20
.' (
(
~ Co
{ ..... --. « ... ...
......
1
--..... 1 --..... -...... -... ......... .....
-..... ::....--.... ... .... --;., ... -.....
.... --..-( .. .....
~/'-,
:;;:: Connery
' .. -J
.... :
!
~ ... " .. . ., . . . , ..... " . .. .
.. ~ .. '" ... "" .. " . ........ " .. . ." .... " "" .. : . . .. " .. ". " .. . . . .
.. .. ....... .. '
.. . . .. " ..
.. . . ; ".
A
A
--...... ----------::---------------' --
..
-
RECREATIONAL SUaVEY OF aLACK B~AR CREEK
-Accessibility of the Strea~
A. Boat. Creak nay be reached by ski~f o~ a~y size froe _
K!avock, waters are protected, but caution should be taken. as
to e::.ter Big Salt Lake, at high or lov vater sla.ck -viet the sou'th -
entra.!1ce-•.. S,tr~ng t.idal currents may prove haza.rdous 'as any' .. , -, .
ot14er time of ent'ry t.o th.e lake. (Big Salt La.ke high a.nd
. '.~ . : '.-
lov
. Y, f ,~ ,." .... ~ :
ve.ter 2 hO'U:~~"~'~'t~'~~ 'outsid~ w~t~r) . '.
, '. ~ . .-
• : •••.• :.~ , '''; • ;,'" , ..... t~. • • '. '. '.': _.' ,';:. •• ..' • • ~ ~ .. • .. ~. ":" ~ ~
~ h-~"
B •. Vehicle. Black :Bear Creek is ac~essi·ole yi~ }lig Sa.l t
.... . ....-.. ' ~.":. ".~' .. " ~
Lake ~ogging. road. opening September ~913. <Road vili .. be· pas~a.blE;· ."
.• 1' • .... '': • .... 0" •• •• .) •••••• __ ." -, • :~:::;:''! ~_~
, :~ m:::: . :::~V::::::~., . Big Salt 'O~4,C::. :.e;.: :~~e~.:7p;~;1~a.::~tt:;{(;t
: C •. : Ai rcraft. ~.cCharter fligh.ts cS:n. ''be "~a~e·. fro;:;:. Ketch~~~:~::'::::·· '.: .. :~'~
'. . , • • 0"
:
BigSa.lt :La.ke·or.:, "Coa.st,8.l. Air" da.ily· f'light.s to .. Kla:'Wock or····.>;·,~':
• .. . '. • '" .. '<r~ ... ~ ,,-. "'~' c-Iit
_ • .... ..... w f •• "-.-. -~ ~~
. ';'.,::: •• ~."Io:; •• : .• , _ ~ "" . . ,
" . . :.~ .~. t ':-i ~.'.' : .... " ~ .. ~ .... :: ... ,,;.: .,~~~ ...... ~ .. ~~
Foot .=·No ·trails were 'W'i~~'~ssed ,lea.ding tot1l1s· .. ·creek·:· ....• . :' '. ' .. " " ',',' '.' .' ...... '.' : ..
. ~ ,'. .'
to
, . D.
. .
. .. . ~ .:" ~. ..'-'.., .,. . .~:.; ~-' ~:~;
~is!;,,5.b i~i ty 'of Area' ", ,_ ',,'. . -: .. ::. .... .. .. .-., . .... .. ... :., -.. ' .,--. . .~ .. :, .;..:~~/ :'. ~: :':' <:.~
".:. A. Creek ca.n be fished from.. the .. 'ba.n~s.1O 'but be.nk~~over:~f:·, . ,:':.!JW
sal::.ouberr;r ,:' d'eV~ls: ~·l\:.~, . e.nd. :·bl.Uebe~;;:-:··:~~ "r'e~t~i'ct "~'~'~h1~~';i~' .. : .. ;~
, • ",--"' ••••• ;~:;,"\~.-.... ";",,;,,,,:...~:-:: • "0 ......... ~. ,:'.' ~ "r.'.: ". . .. ,. .,": :._.~
:;.a.rt.s o:t·,tliel·over2l:l.il.(Hr~'.Vith,inthe section. o'!' 'stree.lli su::v:eyed~-
.. ....".'. ;. ..... ~ '. ~ ~ •.. " .. : ,.;.: ... .:: j.. . "', : . ....... k" .::' • • •
ce1"~a.in 8.::eas ,8.1"e distillctoi';'e e.s ~eing good :f'ishi~gspots: .
~ -. '.
(~) The mouth. o:t 'the stree.c. enters a.n. estua.ry ~a.bi ta.t, &.n open
are oi' grasses.·vithn.o tr~es or shrubs to il:1pede f'ishing;
(2) 'ii thin 200 ya.:l::ds south of bridge crossing; (3) Aj;lproxitl.atel.y . .
1 1/2 x;il.e troe mouth of'. creek' a. large ::Larshy nea.doil exists 1"0':
~ o~e-~ourtb to one-half cile~ ~his spot provid~s"good tishiug
...... , .... ___ ..... ___ .;,_ ...... _ ..... _. __ ._.e .. ___ ..... _"'.
..
-
-
-
i~s entire length; here the strea~ channel is vide and deep
allowing for a variety ot fishing methods.
B.The first mile of streaa is cocposed of vide shallovs~
primarily witb gravel and rubble botto~, which can be ~orded
easily. ~he second mile the velocity or stre~ increases in
-spots a!ld a :r:1ore irregular and slippery botto: e:<:ist.. In this
..... section the western bank provides the best'walking.. The marshy -area can be walked from either' side of stre~, but here~the -walking is difficult 'due to overgrown channels a.nd boles.
' ... Aesthetics
From the marshy low lands, one mile south ot the bridge,
one gains a good view or Pin Peak and the ~ountains to the
south making tor a pleasurable tishing spot.
rroxi~ity to Other Recreational Areas
A. Via the Big Salt Boad, access to other nearby fishing
.
sights can be gained, ~g. ~ho~ne River and Steelhead Cree~.
B. There was little sign ot man's preser.t utilization
ot this stream. The logging road as of the date ot this s~r'\"eY' -(August 1973) had not been opened to t~epub~ic.
c. The Forest Service maintains a public cabin on ,Big Salt
Lake, which ~ight provide shelter for fisher:en in the ~rea •
. -Svort Fishery
A. Species PreDent: silver, pink, red, a~d chu: sa:Qcn~ -"
Dolly Varden,' and cutthroat, ' cl.).t.vtJ..~
and chu!:l sal~on vere iLit:&e-"," in the strei.:l.
In the first. .ee1<: in. J..~g'Ust, pillk
Fo~r :ajor ~ools
in the first tvo miles all had sal£on. The first pool beloy
-
~~e bridge a~ esti~ated 15 salmon were seen. (~ro;'a.;'ly
-" ........ ;z ) ~ ........ -
Rod and reel surve7 proved successful i~ tak!ng cutthroat
~ro;t o~ streamer riies in three of the maJor p~o!s.
A. Bo .s~$n otpollution was observed.
. ~!.
~he s'tream' is used ,tor spe." .. niJ:.g and rear:!:ng sa.lmon. '
\ .
'2:!le slov curren~ .and deep p~ols in themarsh7 area. may provide
over wintering sights tor trout.
p' '.' .~' .
. .. '
: ,:.
"
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..
-.
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!
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-
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. ..
. .. .,...
. "'",
. -. ~-~ '"
:,. . ~:~~. -.. -. .
" : .....
......
. .....
,' •• lit'
-
---
----
-2. Thorne River System -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
. --
-
-
-
' ... -
-
-
~::;;.::.e Ihorne Rjyer \.,o.u.<:.:..1.og t.v. lU~-II)-~1:i
~.~~;!tude N SSG 41.9' \·m ?Jo._.,.J,]1,..II4L.:9:s.. _____________ _
:-.':'r;!~i tude: }( 132 G ~4. 3' K lio. _....J1u8.a.:4*--____________ _
G'Jodetic ~·~np Uo. Craig D-3,C-3,C J jprk Area Ketchi1catl TborAo Bay
I.cc!:i.t.ion Pro of Wales -Thorne Bay vratershed I.~~t;t~ 14 ;!pi ~-'iiC::..l!i1oi"'---__ _ .i::l·~_inaF:e Ar(~a of \'!atC!rsht'd 210 59. miles (polar plani..;.;.m;;.;e...;t;..,;e~r;....!j:_.....___:-:_:_=__:----,... __
~a~er Supply Type Lake system with many tributaries supply water to the
.< sysjem. Frecl ita tion & snowfi elds. .,
T~~11s & Survey RouteR Skiff ma be used at hl h tlde to survey 3 ml C5
of I _.I. Z • Trails (bear alon both stream h:m·s. Hard to survey on I!-rolli
.,.1.:.:7-Tal Survey Notes J.bsKeg color waters rna e VlS} } tty poor unng mo~t -times oT tb
_ year. Low water & sunshine day only possibility.
A~.~ horage Available about 2 miles from the head Of the bay. FIQats may be available
__ at the logging camp.
'Ii d e Sta ge \'/hcn Surveyed_..::E::;b~b:.....::t.:.id::;e:.;.:.....-__________________ __:.._
::-'ISEERY RESOURCES
Commercial Flsheries Pink, chtun, coho, red. King salmon have been n:anored to use
this s stem (\Dldocunent
Species Composition Unknown but pink most m.unerous followed by dum and coho .
Timing Late -September, October (pink -chun). July -sockeye.
Schooling areas lIZ schooling in area off deep water in bay. Upstream schooling
in the many pools found throughout the system.
Shellfish Potential Non-productive as research has indicated from F.R.I. in-
vestigations.
Sport F1.oberies Excellent cutthroat, Dolly Varden, steelhead, coho, sockeye, pink.
chum fisheries present. Road access from Craig -Hollis.
Land Use at Present Logging along lower end of "h'3.tershed. Road parallels system
for several miles.
Iiistory of Land Use Trapping cabins were established along entire rOllte,mineral
exploration durJn 'earl" ears with 10 in devel ments in 1950's. •
Rehabilitation PQte~tlal None· net:essa at the resent tnne.
below Thorne Lake ma: warrant ur er st
Soils . ta t suscepta e to erOSl.on Wl.
. G . .;!''E RESOURCES
Bear --Fish carcasses or bones (old or f'rcsh) on banks, estimate
Number of Cropp:!ngs
Geese -------~hDriber seen cn tide flats
Number seen up creek
Number of broods seer.
Kallards --: Number seen on tide fiats
Nur::.ber seen up cl'eek
N~~ber of broods seen
I(~ri!,clJ1Se:::'3:"" l~umbcr' of broods·, 3£'~n
i.b.ld Eagle3-NlUib~r seer~ alQ!"..:T. cree).:
Number of nests seen and locatio~
S!:al:::; ----~!UIi.ber Et't':!1 at r.tJ'lt.h of stream
T5.dc f'ln.t:.;; -Estinat.e lcr;g:th alo:Jg beac!1
Est11late depth (Jut f'ro~ teach
Eel gr;''1.S3 p:rese:-~t eel \'lh,~t percent 01' flats
-36 -
m.unerous
numerous
10
20
1
10 o o
4
7
-refer tomsp o TImes--
20' -15(1'
o
• Eagle trees
---Balls Lake
---Thorne Lake
falls -Low water
Control
--North Thorne River
~---.-...
--Angel Lake
Thorne River
102-70-58
7-74 to 8-74
Novak
---Falls Creek
\
\
Bay
-
-
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-
,.
'""'"
--...
,lI.t;AK ESCAPENENT RECORI.
Thorne 'Ri ver
,._?.L!~.! CAT"~OG l~UMBER: 102-70-58
nriTE PINK
'-, . 8, 1937
2, 1940 . . . . -.. 12, 1941. , "
~ -)t. 28, 1943
. 4, 1946 .
,t. 9, 1947 . -~. 14, 1948 -.
'.l9-.... 21, 1948
~ .. ' .. 12, 1949 5,889
'.
....
·t. ,-2, 1953
.... -ug. 24, 1954 . 3,500
t~ 17, 1954 . "
ly 24, 1956.
;pt. --9, 1956 ">40,000
'y 1, 1957
1y 25, 1957
:pt • 16, 1957 2,000 ...
~t. 27, 1957
,.,. 6, 1959 500
. ..,
e:rJt. 16, 1960
! -
·;.:Jt. 18, 1961 500 -.-
CHUH
.
..
. .
200
1,275 ,
4,000
15,000
,
1,500
OTHER SPECIES REl.fARKS
.
.
.
:
.
.
500 red •
'.
~
,.'
500 coho V'
10,000 red' .
5,000 red
20Q CO:l0
200 coho, 500 red
.
-37 -
.
'.
River h igb and .discolored. Good
e:meht. presumed from fish esc:ap
ead 9:n bAn:ks. ::-' seen d
Good ..
fish.
.
GOod ..
(
Gobd·sb,owing live.and dead
G)
Jt1any dead f1:Bh.. Water Ugh..
ddy (G) and mu
Fair .. l
instr
S ... 900 9ff ltDuth~ No estimate!
eam (G) .• : . .
No . es ti:mate .pos!;ible .(G)
Poor. Eew fish.. Wa~e~ di.sc;olored (G ~ . .
(G)
(G)
. Survey terminated just abOVE!. Thorn
Club c~ site. (G) '. ~River t .
~
fPoor. 'Ich.um.
irepor
~ittle showing, ·pink,· feM .
Visibility poor:ReSident
ts good ea-rry red run, pink
rand ell
. ':>3,000
urn run' poor {Gl .
in ioouth (A)
.
Est • 10,000 above m~rker (A)
./
400 c oho. at mouth
Est. 3-5 times· more in pool (A)
....
(Gl
Some dead pink.. No fish observed
mouth CAl of~
None at mouth CAl
None at mouth. Water dark (AI
Fores t Service (G)
. I
I
I
.....
KANE: I ","orne River
PEAK. ESC.o\PEt1ENT REG03.D
STP..EA!1 CATALOG lUlMBER: 102-70-58
DATE PINK CRUt-!
Aug. 24, 1962 .
Aug. 31, 1964
.
.
Aug. 1p, 1965 10,000·
Aug. 23, 1966 93,000 v
Aug. 28, 1967 300
Aug. 14, 1968 sOO
Aug. 26, 1970 ----14, pOO+----
Aug .. 31, 1971 . 16,000 +
Sept. 5, 1972 39,100
.
Aug. :29, 1973 N.O.
Sept • • 11,1974 ----19.' :
. : . . .
.Y .
1't"15 '/()CO
8'"0,3eo ..!I
Itf."'?-'
I tt"1-r 'Z-D/ 000 JJ
IC(~ 10,'OGt .J./
<---...-
OTHER SPECIES
Some coho
. .'
20'coho
.
.
.
..
100.----
-38 -
--
RElt.4.RKS J
Fish pre -'
sent fbr four miles (A) ....
o in ~~ream, present 1eJ
am tAl
30-40,00
of stre
Good s.
Stream 1
bow of salmon at mouth ..
ow, fish in holes.. 25 J
reds pre
5,OOO~i
sent on July 20, 1965 gO'I"I.
sh intertida11y. Vis. oe-J.
. (A) ",~,
i'Jis ~ .POO r: Stream dark, pinks J
spawning (H) largely
~8-28,OO o fish intertida11y and J.
2 balls of fish. vis. gOt Ptouth, 1
.-ish in lower stream.-(A) .. ,
Pair s how of jumps at mouth Vis 0 ;~
poor (Al "'H fair to
~re fis h present .tn deep holes, J.
ount possible.. Vis .. poore put no c an
Vis. po . }
or.. Many dead. 3,OOQ (H)
_n·"
Too dar k to survey.. Vis.. po;'r CAl 1
Mc¢y ca
CAl rcasses,. spawning activiv ....
...up. '4.« Ie. ~;", Ie s-I_ Ow
e..t:Il,4_--," c..o~ Jr e.,S
~,. ~ 1(."., I.e /e.,; ... so ..
1.1-I.v-·.t " J"" .. Co ''''1'0,
1
t -
~
J
}
-I -----------------------
-ST
·iIiiIII
-Al ..
Al '--At ,--
~ At
. .."
A\ ,-
,..,
A\
-
"i_"'. A\
' ....
Al
. "'fIT
SE
""'" Al:
5E
... -
-
-
-
-
-
Heme North Thorne River Catalog l'~o. _ ..... l..u;O"""2,;;;..-7uO.L;;-;...S.u..8'--____ _
La tit ude \-IR No. _...I.J..:t4.;z9 ____________ -
T..,ongi tude K rio. ----Geodetic Map Uo. Crai~ C-3 & D-3 \'/o!"k Area Ketchikan -TIlQme Bay
r.oc~.i;ion Prince of Wales Island Watershed Iseneth 18 miles, both fork
Drainage Area of Watershed~---~------~-~~--____ -_-------__ _
\-1a ter SupplyType_,.£;M~usk~e=:.lig;......:!::.l~ak~e~su.~spt::,.;r~iwni6g"'s~an~d!;"..A.;run~o:,;:;f .... f __________ _
iFrails & Survey Routes Extremely hard to survey due to heayy: undergrowth mid:
'W8:ter. A long system -survey with helicopter.
P.erial Survey Notes Difficult to survey due to dark water coloration. Best (h
low water conditions on clear days about noon. -
Anchorage NOO -this-is a tributary to Thorne River.
Tide Sta~ When surveyed ____ ~N~7A~ ____________________________________________ .......... __ ___
FISHERY RESOURCES
Commercial Fisheries Coho, pink. chum. sockeye. All species observed exc~
King salmon.
Escapement Opt. esc. 106.000 Historic: sockeye 118 (1972). coho 259(19721 .t.1
to Thorne River section. Available spawning area -53,000 M2
Species Composition 'COho -9"0" SOCi<eie-: 6%, chum·~3~%"=;. :.:..p-:'i-:nk:-s---:l~%~.----~
Timing Late, Aug-Se~. pinks, July-Aug reds. Sept-Oct chums.
Schooling areas SChool below falls expecially on the west fork. Red sal~
also school in Snakey Lakes.
Shellfish Potential None -freshwater mollusks found throughout the systt
Sport Fisher::1.es Steel head , oJtthroat, Tbl1y Varden and excellent coho plus
salmon species. An excellent sport fishery present
History of Land Use I.jrnjted lagging an lm>er end of watershed area
Rehabilitation Potential None D~cessary as coho and Dally Varden seen ah-
all the falls.
Soils Unstable in the mmer areas of both forks. Land sljde tracks and Y'I:
areas m.unerous.
GAge: RESOURCES
Bear' -----
Geese ---
l·!allards --
lr.ere;ansers -
Bald Fagles-
Seals ---
'Ii.de flats -
Fish carcas::>es or bone::> (old or fresh) on banks;, estiIl"ate many at
Nu.'11ber of droppings DllE$;,
NUlnber seen on tide fiats
N~ber seen up creek Geese have been seen on Snaky. Lakes.
NUI'I".ber of broods seen --.,-
Nuwber seen on tide flats
luber seen up creek
NU!Tlb-or of broods seen
NUI'I"Der of broods. seen
Nurrbcr seen along creek 3_
Number of nests seen and location 1\'/0 at mouth of creek. ___ 'L
l!tL'fbe.r seen at f.'\.:mth of stl'l~am
Estinatc len(th along. beach
Estirrate depth out from beach
Eel grass PK:~;'2!'1t CJ:'I \,lhrtt pcrcer.f.: of flats ---
-42 -
-----------------------"-""
S9 cohos observed
spawning fran the
falls to the upper-
most station.
,
\
\
'"
North Thome River
102-70-58
Novak -Downey
1972 -1974
\ -114 I
, 6' wide I
\., 6ft deep I \ \ t--Ill
'n3 ---\ ' 35' wide
\ \ ,. 40' ASA
Coho fry cbUect' F. U----I Braided. area to falls
above \.falls. '\ 3-. , below. . ~12 -----"--Pwrl\al bl0 --,--62 sockeye spawnlDg
Falls -12' HUh, 3 _ a l~ r. J Beaver dams above
tiers. 200 col.o t "",.1 falls are nunerous
200 Dolly V~, , ... 6clceye to above station Ill.
2 sockeye., :La
I 5, sockeye spawning
50' AS.4..
: I SOCKEYE SPAWNltr; AREA
, _ L'9 FJOf FORKS TO FALLS.
17--+-----110"d ood' • 10' I Wl e -g reanng
Tinkerbell Lake .
'2
Dolly Varden
sampled here.
50' wide,--------
2.5' deep
80' ASA
Excellent gravel to
the falls area.
-------• Proposed road system
-
-
....,
-
-.
-
-
-
-
-
Station No.
Pool Size/Type
Riffle Type
Width-Depth
Pool Riffle
Frequency
Bottan Type
(Riffle)
Color/Turbidity
Velocity
Temperature
Fry Abtmdance
pH
Flow
Benthos
Sample No.
Higher Plant
Class
Aquatic Veg.
Density
Ident.
(1) Ivbsses
(2) Algae
h-,J -he .. ,"", j .. --it J..~ .. l 1 . ...:;, ,j···:,:t, . J.-~t. ~" s-.;.( .......... ~ ....... ,.~~,~,~~~"'~,.;.~
Name: North Thome River
Numb 102 70 58 r er: --
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10
2/1 2/2 3/2 3/1 111 111 211 2/2 212 211
15'W 5'W 15'W 50'~ 7S'W 80'W 40'W 10'W 10'W 4S'W gilD 4"D 9"D 2.5"D 5'D S'D 2'D 6"D 6"D 2 'D
3 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 3/4 4 4 3 4/3 4/3 3 3 3/4
3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2
2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
54 54 54 55 57 57 57
1-7 Z-l 2-1 1-5 1-33 5-1 -1-1 1-1 9-118
5-12 5-2 4-1 4-1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 ?
2 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
General Ra:narks (rehab., land use, barriers, log jams, etc.):
~ i ...t.Ii.,--I ~i ~-:t ~ t.4.i,l."....' ~ i
Da te : 7 -3 -72 and 7 -,\ .' . '14
Temperature: 55° 62°
vleather' Overcast .
I
11 1? 1~ 14 lC\ ,;;
?11 1/1 ?Jl 'J.J'J. ?J1 ",
3S'W 75'W 45'W 6 1W S'W 35'W
2'D 10 l D 12"D 6"D 4"D lO"D
1 1 1 3 3 2
3/4 4 4/3 4 4/3 4/3
2 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 2 2 2 2
I-II 1-200 1-59 -- -
2-55 2-200
9-2
? , ? '( ? ?
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2/1 2 2 2 2
Station: 4. Falls - 3 to 4'. No rehab. needed. STATION: 12. Falls -12' • possible ladder installation,
11. Windfall heavy to the falls. Potential silt p~'~lem if logged. 10. Falls -4', Low flow barrier
Page 2.
Station No. 17 18
Pool Size/Type 3/2 3/2
Riffle Type
Width-Depth
30'W 40'W
8" D 8" D
Pool Riffle
Frequency 3 3
Bottcm Type
(Riffle) 4/3 4/3
Color/'furbidity 1 1
Velocity 2 2
.t:.
Temperature
.t:.
I Fry Abundance ~-sev
pH
Flow
Benthos
Sample No.
Higher Plant
Class 2 2
Aquatic Veg. 3 3
Density
Ident.
(1) lvf.Dsses
(2) Algae 2 2
19
3/2
3
4/3
1
2
ral
2
3
2
STREAM INVEN Y FORM
Name: North Thome River
Number-102-70-58 .
-
, I f ,
.... ...
Observers: Novak -Iku'L
Date: 7-3-72 and 7-15-74
Temperature: 5So 62°
vleather: Overcast
, , r • f 1 1 ( , r 1 1 I
Ii ,
"f "'''!N
-,~~
--,ll -Jl .-:u -11
T
''1'
i
name Cutthroat Creek -Control Sys teR\talof; No. __ l .... Q .... 2~-..... 7-"O<--_5 ..... 8 ________ _
Latitude 55 0 41' 49" HR !~O.--,-]-=4~9 ______________ _
Songitude 132 0 35' 27" K 1:0. --,-J..u8~4 _______________ _
Ceodetic !.'!.ap lIo. Craig C-3 & D-3 \-!ork Area Ketch j kan -Thorne Bay
10cation Prince of Wales Island '·!a"=.ershed LenE:~h~..umujl-]L..Ie ..... s:t-_____ _
DrC'. i nage Are a of \,la t ers hed __ ..... l .... Z'---"m .... i ..... l .. e .... s""'-.... s""'q,....u,....a .... r ..... e ________________ _
~ater Supply Type Lake system. Springs, precipitation.
~rails & Survey Routes An easy creek to foot survey. Land fixed wing
on Cutthroat Lake and taxi to creek mouth.
Ierial Survey Notes Heavy canopy making aerial survey impossible.
A~chorage N/A
Tide Stage \'/hen Surveyed __ .;;..;NL./.;;,.;A:....-____________________ _
fISHERY RESOURCES
Commercial Fisheries Sockeye and coho -imPQrtant coho rearing area
on stream with possible sockeye rearing in lake.
Escapement Unknown at this writiD~
Available spawning area -47,579 M2 ---__ . ___ ._,.,_. _____ .. ,_
Species d'o~posltIoFi-Unknown l!Y9ilc!~_lll?£lwnlng area -14, 7~~_M~2 __
Timing,~~~~~~~u=s7,t~-~S~o~c~k~e~e~----~~~ __ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ____ __ Schooling areas ____ ~U~n~k~n~o~w~n~ ______________________________________________ __
Shellfish Potential None ----~~~----------------------------------------------
Sport Fisteries Dolly Varden. cutthroat, coho and possjbly steel head
Land Use at Present None -but is being planned as part of the
Honker Divide planning unit associated with the If.S. Forest Service. r;istory of Land Use No:~n~e~ _______________________________________________ _
~--~~~ ~--~~~~~~--~--------------~--------Lebabilitcit.ion l'otential Unnecessary as th_c crcek is fr~e ~u1lil.ful.~
and has stable soils along the banks.
Soils Stable adjacent to the stream and lake bllt potentja1 problem could
occur with roadin~'and logging on slopes of this valley
G.'~-3 FESOT.JRCES
war -----Fish carcasses or bones (old or :f'resh) on b3.rtks" estirrate
!Jui!ber of droppings
C:eese ------HIJ..rnber seen on tide flats
!~UJl1.ber seen up creek (on 1 ake)
HUIT'ber of broods seen
j::3.11ards ---J':urr.ber seen on tide flats
l-!llIT'ber seen up creek
I:Ut1'ber of' broods seen
:,::::rgansers -r!ur"ber of broods 32en
P.<lld Eagles-Nurr.oer S8en alonz. creek
Nillllber of nests seen and location
S:.::als ------>:u:r.bt:r seen at r::uuth of stl'e.:cXl
Tide fJatf> -Estinut.c :h;n[j;h a101lg !',cn.c::
Estirrate: depth 01!.t from bf:i:!ch
E~l ('7'<:'.8S pre~;cnt 0;\ t'ihat P:::~l'C~l.t: of flats
-47 -
4
1
o
17
o
o
o
o --------' o
o
---:--0'---'-""-
o --0---
--0----
L
"1 (
.~ .,;
1
11
]1
11
~]l
~ll
)-.
···.1.···' .. 4
Controll Creek and Associated
Tributaries
102-70-58
7-1-74
Novak -Downey
------,,-N
Rapids area -no block--
Station #1
Low falls
no block
-45 -
("" ..... -.., '"
-/It'''
--. ... -
... ..
,., -.. --. -..
-.. .. ... -. ...
-
-
-
.....
-
""""
.-~ -,-
.."
, ......... ..
' .... I
"""'"
l
t
""" I .. !
'-I ..
I -,-! 1.._
An excellent coho rearing stream
with potential for heavy sockeye
spnwnin~ nnd rearing in the lake.
Recreational pOlential is excellenl
with high aesthetic values.
1/2 mile above Lake
all excellent for
fisheries.
Pool -3-4' deep
Soils stable, gravel
bottom throughout the
surveyed section.
75% riffle
25% pools
SPRUCE
Pools -3-4' deep
less than width of
stream .
-Trap 114
Cutthroat
102-70-58
6-26-74
Novak
Creek ~ ., ,
-Seined 16
from pool fry
--Trap 1f3
SPRUCE
-Trap IJ2
n-o
Excellent riffle areas.
8-10" deep --Trap III
40' wide
80% ASA
CUT T H R 0 A T L A K E
r'---
Station No.
Pool Size/Type
Riffle Type
Width-Depth
Pool Riffle
Frequency
Bottan Type
(Riffle)
Color/Turbidity
Velocity
I Flow (C.F.S.)
oJ:>,
co Te.np. (OF. )
pH
Fry Abtmdance
Benthos
Sample No.
Higher Plant
Class
Aquatic Veg.
Density
Ident.
(1) fusses
(2) Algae
1
3/1
97'W
1-2' I
3
4
1
2
386.8'
46
5
!:t~
2
3
/
?
~ lend' IRemf l (r' ') .•
Name: ContrQl Creek
Number' 102-70-58 .
.
" "', { ..
Observers: Novak -Dc :::l.-
Date: 6-2/-74-
Tempera ture :---,.,..;.5,.;;.5_--,-::--__
vleather: Cloudy -calm
.
, 1
-
-'-,...,
,(,~
' .... 3. Reynolds Creek and Portage Creek Systems
-.. -
~".....
:1IiIIIII#
-
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
DIVISION OF SPORT FISH
LAKE SURVEY SUMMARY
LAKE I~ rYe:.
/1/ 0, I' t.tI .,.. , ,.,
T ____ R: ____ S _____ LAT. sS: 13..r LONG 13::1. .;;/ /¥
SURF. ElEV_..I./:...:7~'O~rJ~h-:.L_ ______ _ ,-
i. 5URF. ACRES. __ ..Lq~4:::.-----_MAX. DePTH OI!-(aa It AVG. DEPTH ~..rf tAC
-SHOAL AREA $",26 WATER COLOR ""'(4&;;''''1 cleOIr" SECCHI READING _________ _
ACRE FT C.2 C{d
"'" AQUATIC VEGETAnON,--'aL.""-'-l'Yf---'<I4c""I'Il..;",....rl..:-...L.,.....:..Q~f '~P4=~--'N!If..C!rl:.ltlllo.-________________ -. ___ _
WIIIi2. FISH S!'ECIES: NATIVE--I<Lt"""AUloII!:ki.-;,...._-------------INTRODUCED dc(t,.;. Grc-q Iry
. ....Q. FISHING HISTORY kttn&e -y'" t -__
4. INVERTEBRATES_--I-I .. f.lr.,,~~t!!.L6:lL.t__l.c--l-k.w.r..;clil::~K;..J;:e"-j' _.: ·..oh_~a.a.LJ;t""(_: T·-f·'/'u"'::Jec:...c..t!.t.IoL""'-"T~ _JIlI....J,;(!;.J;c-t::!..lolotlsool.-_________ ....:.-___ ----.
.v . 1. I.F .. "j
4116. INlETS .......... !.Ia.U~Lli!___fs,,~CQ&~;(.,.JI,tfiodd ... "lIodfloloJ-________ ' '_" · __ .....;... ___ DISCHARGc.E _____________ os
/ ______ -..:... _______________ IDISCHARGE os
______________________ .J,.DISCHARGE c&
BARRIERS ---,i~IH~Vc--..;::.h:jJt,...,Io!!O~I~J ,'---_______________________________ _
DISCHARGE £01 nt-#6eY' !.<",r~1i11 2. c:fs
___________ ---:-_________ -,-DISCHARGE _____________ c:fs
-BARRIERS (14&'tf tU-yQ.I,{Q 4fe ,t::lfJ
-7. SPAWNING AREAS 0fihac ol,t}Cl.ok au (~(..,.I ~,I .-
",8. WATERSHED TYPE",---'a~~~IJ~t.a-Wa·:.w.---------_-__ -_DRAINAGE AREA ____ ~;r._,rf-O~ __ --·ACRES
.4 9• ACCESSI81lliY ht Iud ~ /,rf:ttt4..<A.AJ u e.
r---,..
0. ACCESS STATUS / CA6!J (lJJ Ilo ICP!6-P1
Reo I £1 few., ,
;,JiI
II. USE SITE /.;~II. FACILITIES ~
'2. OTHER USE £1" eu...c ~ ) clue ~ ....
J 3. POlLUTION J,t oI4&-R
.....,4. REMARKS A ~(! a~~ /~/rr::.
-
-
-,
MEMORANDUM State of
?:h~~/4.
AlasKa
TO Art Schmidt
S?ort Fish
Sitka
DATE: August 22, 1975
FILE NO:
FrtOM:
Dept. of Fish and Game
TELEPHONE NO: -
-"
Donald L. s~man
S~ort Fish, ,
Ketchikan ~
SUBJECT: Marge Lake -
Dept. of Fish and Game'
Set a variable mesh gili net in Marge Lake the evening of July 17 at 2030 hours.. .,. ...
The surface water temperature was 520 F. with an overcast sky prevailing.
Tnis lake is rather small and round in size, 97 acres and 1750 ft. elevation.
Looking at the lake from the air, I could not see a stream that I thought would
be suitable for grayling spawning.
The outlet stream appeared to drop off very sharply shortly after leaving the lake.
~~e first inlet stream going left from the mouth where I set the net could possibly
be a "small" spawning stream, but it appears rather steep also. I did not get
a good look at one of the other inlet streams. This lake drains northerly into
S~t Lake which then drains into Mellen Lake and then from there into Copper
Harbor on the west coast of Prince of Wales Island.
After allowing the net to "soak" due to bad weather, it was pulled at 0800 on
July 21 after it fished for three days plus 11.5 hours. Five Arctic grayling were
collected. four dead and one still kicking.
Infon=ation is as follows:
-
-
-
-Length (mm) Age Sex Maturitl Stomach _.
247 3 F Mature 50-75 shrimp
220 3 F
251 3 M
Spent
Mature
50-75 shrimp plus 1-2 Caddis LarV--
41 shrimp plus 1 Caddis Larvae -, 195 2 F Immature 50 shrimp
127 1 Unk. Immature -
Tne fish appeared to be in good shape -fat wise -but not very large -even though thef''''
lo:erefeeding 95% (stomach weight) on freshwater shrimp.
T.iere were three age classes collected, indicating successful spawning is taking
place so~ewhere in this lake.
Tne lake is not the best for air traffic and was only used in the past by deer
-
-
hunters. Now that there are very few deer, I doubt that the lake is used by anglers."~·
Lie best thing going for the fish in the lake are the freshwater shrimp which
ap?ear to be abundant at least part of the year.
cc: R. Armstrong
,-'
-
-
W1 r
-'--" ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAMf -. DIVISION OF SPORT FISH
LAKE SURVEY SUMMARY
LAKE /! & lien
."", :F. (fau;' fA. -.l.) IV (;;), q/.V 0'"
t ____ IR ____ S _____ :LAt. sr 1,3 /Jo/ LONG ISA ~,/ //
"'oc. J eu d B. po I' (!./pt." T" z;.;;, ~tkc Ifl",) It&.. Lyt.fsuRF. ELEV. J= /3 Ii-
. ~ r
''''';. SURF. ACRES_-<I'-'~~J: ______ .~x. DEPTH eel rog If. AVG. DEPtH t"''tI:~ 90 ACRE FT 11:,£..:1 CJ
_ SHOAL AREA .,2 ~ WATER COLOR !tiM ftf.J!JJk"", d~ SE~CHI RE'O:DING _________ _
AQUATIC VEGETATION ijle?!;''''} ..c...u..... II wj4/U" (! (Udd'fW I tIa rl,." IUt erAl
_1. FISH SPECIES, NATlVE_--'g~0d.ta.60~ _________ ,..--___ INTRODUCED ~44" ,,(i,.pu., ID uye,,' k4-e
ClIJIIYU u.lM to'!, ""'" fir a-J..tI '* (" (;.z..
• .). FISHING HISTORY_-#JU .... ,.,..y;...~=~ ______________________________ _ -4. INVERTEBRATES cy k_u)/it.,y ("7 (tl'/,n /" t= !e,,,@ eo ..
:". INLETS £,,-,,, fI>\cv;.. t'I/ 1.,0" a tr (q-Ic e
_ BARRIERS /'4' IU.+fj ~a;,ra 64 ;::; 1/,'(
,,6. OUTLETS /2j 'La {til cJ.. .. P/'7 [h-w..r C;:t.
.~." BARRIERS /' 1'Cl-t '11 I' """11 ".fq & (~ ,4 If"
ck/f/J.(C
... 7.S?AWNINGA~EAS c;. ot.?LUJ1C ~ (~/,.f.
III,·.
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
DISCHARGE
~~f!:. /'u?1I',""f JC CB
m
CB
(t 'I' LI(J. m
cfs
.,8. WATERSHED TYPE tl/rey (r",?? ,..d/ v~tl/"7l °04:' DRAINAGE AREA __ ----l.;?~"?...J;3~;):...:4~ _____ ACRES
·"9. ACCESSIBILliY 6 ,-' JJIa.....u .. 2.f' itf(:in ?f'U.t' !" t! 1<'" !.., i-a".", ika l'U9 r ~ .4--r
O. ACCESS STATUS_---..<-I-=&'4ff'TCZ.l~jL.l~/'.r...J.h:.LL..t_;<"ctl4,,(~' AQ-L.I_--,6~t::l...:.I""'::"':::lL:...::f-___________________ _
.", I J. USE SITE __ J/lt:::..!...J4oatAo<l.J:..f:...-.--___________ FACILITIES_J.R1:L.£:et..:::u...L=:. _______________ _
12. OTHER USE tkw..v c:.4,,. ~W-.r,. 9 ~ (Cg I AJ rc v-/1.J , I'~ ~/ p-7 /
J 3. POLLUflON--::,..,..n.j-JC.R1'-4<'tK'-=-________________________________ -..-_
.~ 4. REMARKS A· ()--f('Y P ( (! " CJ ,.";'..r 'J {.f t! /0 k-e . jJ~ 0 crfU'I/'/ (j U:i::J'f'"'fj ~/ .
1"'1
DATE __ cr-LA-'-:i-_'I.:.""t-/.::..'?_w~ _____ _
FG·200 2/69
fv1EMORANDUM State of AI~te.v ~ -
TO: Art Schmidt
Sport Fish
Sitka
DATE: August 25, 1975
FILE NO:
FROM;
Dept. of Fish and Game
Donald L. t:tn
Sport Fish
Ketchikan -'.
Dept. of Fish and Game
TELEPHONE NO:
SUBJECT: Mellen Lake
On July 17 at 2100 hours, a variable mesh gill net was set in Mellen Lake. Sur-
face water temperature.was 560 F. with overcast sky prevailing. Net was set 100
yards down shore on right side of main .. inlet stream looking down lake.
Lake is somewhat liT" shaped and drains from Summit Lake into Copper Harbor on the
west coast of Prince of Wales Island. The hills on the top of the "T" are very
steep rising from lake elevation of 873 feet to 2000 plus feet. Air traffic in
this lake is not as difficult as it is in ~~rge Lake.
After allowing the net to "soak" due to bad weather 2 it was pulled at 0830 on July
21 after it fished for three days 11.5 hours. Four Arctic grayling were collected
along with five brown and orange salamanders • .
Information is as follows:
Length (mm)
Read off
232
250
240
Age
3
3
3
Sex
F
M
F
F
Maturity
Mature
Mature
Mature
'l
Stomach
Hemlock needles
Hemlock needles
Hemlock needles
-
--
-
--....
.. ...
It appeared that these fish were mature~ but I do not feel they had spawned this spring
in the inlet stream. The inlet stream has cascades and flat rack with very limited -
spawning areas available if any. The outlet has no suitable spawning waters. From ..
the age composition, there appears to be no spawning taking place in Mellen Lake.
These fish are drop downs from Marge Lake and Summit Lake which were stocked in 1967 • .-
The stomach analysis were not the best due to the extended time the fish had spent
in the net.
This lake is not a high use recreational lake or is it in a very good hunting area. lilY
cc: R. Armstrong -
-... -
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
DIVISION OF SPORT FISH -.
LAKE SURVEY SUMMARY .
_ LAKE ...ret fd..l ~ I
i(J(';J /"j ) /'I' ,#, ,. til , , "
,<.if ::F • ...:C:::::..u(Q..!"...IT-;~':f--'V1o...:;.L.-'·;Sc.,.&. ____ T R S _____ LAT . .t".i' 1.3 Y"'.2 LONG. /!7.:2 a/ u'f'
V
SURF. ELEV_---L../..!::.~_'9::..J?.I.._ _______ _
""'"i. SURF. ACRES .3J'i MAX. DEPTH t:R.o: If AVG. DEPTH .. " I ?J-ACRE FT OZ..r ~.!J.L
,_ SHOAL AREA I/o WATER COLOR c:r .. ...v /.LoU 17 .r..s,....:..SECCHI READING, _______ ' __ _
AQUATIC VEGETAnON /AM4{} ce -«'"144«,. 'C cJa 6;l&A ",,'0. '
..,J. FISH SPECIES: NATIVE-l.f.ptM , t.LH led' INTRODUCED'~ff~~"'¥1"u..(!..IooC~IoC·~ __ I£...9'~C.:..!,J,--dc..J..Jr.2!o!...LEr§...!-..,::
_3. FISHING HISTORY ~ /Jicc;' cr: -t, 'jf2~w, a."., rL (A..p t:~/di/J"lf .r (*; (t e
7",.
..". INLETS Ow J.M.tjk"'· ti"PfM La & IVfQ(f'9' , P {~ DISCHARGE tee~"" --z,v~ r J.... cis
_-"u .... :.M=..Jojrl'--..... ,.,:wA~~l&~_""'..£. ... '''''"J doOU!.LTZt~---lIL-.....·,t~.c;;'OdL--______ DISCHARG,~E _____________ 'd's
''''' _______ -=--______ ...."....",...-_~-~-~' DISCHA~~, d's
._ BARRIERS /Mad« ~ Q, lfJ LiMla J,U;b(op z?, b«.t.a CO' 6.,.,..," ~" {,..
_6. OUTLETS ~r liz" 6a" C!c ... ,. If.
--.
• 8. WATERSHED TYPE ;;r~iIrJ 1'"= (ALVJIc""l" { U"U...I(' t 0 1jL~
._9. ACCESSIBILITY ,9. f f1 (a..v.; .3 s: aft In bu., /{r./<.J", j'~l
'0. ACCESS STATUS / ~"'.Ilr 6" /"~Q I !i:'PdT r v ....
DISCHARGE ~r £.tJr~1 I a ds
DISCHARYE __ __..:.. ___________ cfs
d~/,-t.-
DRAINAGE AREA, __ ,r.c)2.::.!O=M=-_____ -JACRES
!.eQr~ il-ll 0 Tru ......... e.<--______ _
", II. USE,SITE __ -'b(=..tI4uY=~ ___ __..:.. _______ FAClllTlES. _ ___..IA.~~~~ ______________ _
13. POLLUTlONi..;.'_--II=/J.JJ.:J..otJ,...sMd-________________________________ _
, .,4. REMARKS
Ci.t ~f;'fy (q "9 e (,ie
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tOd3X; '-... -
\ ... i th grayling fry in 1965 and gill netted off the mou.th of the
main inlet 8 net days on August 29.
The nets took 8 grayling 14.5 to 15'.25 inches long and 35
grayling 6 to 7.5 inches long. A check of the scales confirms tha~
these were the planted fish. There is one;.reliable report of angler
success on this lake. The lake, has been used primarily as a base.
of goat hunting operations and is accessible by float-plan~ only.
,S,ummi.tlilhLa.~ of 350 acres lies on Prince of t~ales Island
betweeM tne ne~ of the West Arm of Cholmondeley Sour~d and Copper
Harbor on Hetta Inlet at an elevation of 1298 ft. There are falls
impassable to fish'between the lake and those below and Copper
Harbor. The shorelines are mostly quite steep and bedrock and the
area surrounding is alpine and Subalpine. The main inlet is fro~
Lake Marge which lies above and is impassably steep. The '.'Icc, te!'
carries muskeg stain and ths dra::nage to. the lak:e is 2030 a.cres.
Water depth is estimated to be over 200 ft. Grayling eggs were
planted in the main inlet in 1962. It was gill netted for 6 net
days on July 29 . Five grayling viere in the nets and these were
12.25 to 13 inches long.· These fish were quite heav~ for their
length averaging almost 1 pound each. The scales are beyond
the ability of this agent to read.
Tyee Lake is of 445 acres above the Bradfield River Flats on
the Cleveland Peninsula. It lies at an elevation of 1366 ft. The
surrounding area is alpine and SUb-alpine and the drainage area into
the lake is approximately 7.,000 acres. The Nater is quite clear
al tho occasionally glacial movement above the lake ',:ill silt the
inlet end. There are falls that are barriers to fish in the outlet.
The shorelines are mostly steep but "\-Jith much broken bedrock. The
lake appears quite deep and is estimated over 300 ft.
Grayling eyed eggs \'lere plented in the inlet of the lake in
1962. Subsequent gill netting has disclosed no survivaL
Halfmoon Lake is of 269 acres in the head of the Lake McDonald
drain~ge into Yes Bay on the base of the Cleveland Peninsula. It
lies at an elevation of 812 ft. and has a bedrock dike forming the
spillway over a barrier .falls to another lake belm';. Drainage area
is 9568 ?-cres. The shores are !:lostly bedrock and va":.'y steep l':i th:
alluvial fills at both lake extremeties. The lake \',as not sounded
but estimated to be over 300 ft. in depth. A plant of eyed grayling
eggs '1laS made in 1964 in the inle-:;. Access is by float plane only.
Ti.-Jo gill nets fished. 3 days and 'Vrere 1:ifted A1..:!..gust 25. No
fish "{(Jere taken,_ ,It may be too early (2 years) to assume failure
of the plant on this lake "inich looks so promising.
In.·
" -
1· '<: -iVtEiv10RANDUM State of Alaska
'·e
()
:'i"'!'"': :bh IH , .. is ion
:-" ~ t~.a
Donald L. SiCde1Z!/
Area Biologist; ; I
Sport Fish Divi ion
Ketchikan
DATE: September 26. 1975
FILE NO:
TELEPHONE NO:
SUBJECT: Summit Lake
Flew into Summit Lake on 9-17-75 and set a variable mesh gillnet. The net
was set across the lake from the outlet near a small inlet stream. Surface
water temperature was 54°F (12.2°e) at 1600 hours. The small creek was
47.5°F (8.6°e). The lower end of this creek could be used by azeticgrayling
for spawning. From the air there were no inlet streams other than this. one
thab. could be used for spawning. The stream from Marge Lake could have a
little spawning area where it enters Summit Lake.
-
-
-
-
-
On the 18th at 0930, we picked the net up. Lake surface temperature was 52°F
(ll.lOC). Weather was CAVU and couldn't have been better (unusual for Ketchikan). _
The net· had fished fot17.5 hours catching 15 arctic grayling. The attached
sheet fairly well summarizes the information obtained from the samples.
There were two age groups -age 2 and 3. Lengths ranged from 179-300 rom,
averaging 257 mm. Most of the fish collected would spawn this next spring.
Some had spawned this spring. The catch/unit of effort was the highest for
all grayling lakes sampled so far.
If these fish are not reproducing in this lake then they would be dropping out
of Marge Lake and also from Summit Lake into Mellen Lake. Fish can be taken
in all three lakes.
Stomach samples indicated the fish were feeding actively with the most prevalent
item being::freshwater shrimp. Following is the stomach items by fish preference
or availability.
l. Freshwater shrimp 11 of 15
2. Caddis fly larvae 5 of 15
3. Tipulidas 2 of 15
4. Water beetles 1 of 15
5. Diptera 2 of 15
6. Hemlock needles 1 of 15
All fish but one were in excellent physical condition with layers of fat lining
the body cavity.
cc: Bob Armstrong
&
--
-, -
, .. ",
-
,-.-
--DATE TYPE FISH
GEAR SPECIES·
'7/18/75
G·llfut
V. ",n,~ G~
I
-
-I
I I I
I . I
I
I I
V I r ''I
I
-
~:'l-;« (~<l7".:-.: .< .=-,,/ . ,~/ /JD .= :/ . " < -/ -~. ! .. -•. ,,:.,..~:,~" .. ·r'~I" ..
,,_ RAINBOW ~k6ur; /.~ (1'1. is) ..
"T -BROOK TROUT
55 -SILVER SALMON
_ CT-CUTTl-iROAT
-
I. T -LAKE TROUT
OV -DOLLY VARDEN
AC -ARCTIC CHAR
2/69
FG-210
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
DIVISION OF SPORT FISH
FISH SAMPLING SUMMARY
WATER NAME Sv~;'1:rT L I4If:.1E
LOCATION Hc-,v(tf yf l.j.AU£"S 1j, ,
AGE
CLASS
2...-
d-+-
d-.+
*3
~3
* -3
$1-
0r
3+-
3+
3+
3-r
2> ..
3r
3+
, .... f IC~·)
NUMBER HOURS
IN OF
SAMPLE EFFORT
/.if. )S /7.5
~
I
I
I
t
~, I'
LX' =-
,eUY}:" )
C{ YCL·! (; •
SH -STEELHEAD
KS -KING SALMON
WF -WHITEFISH
SK-5UCKER
sa -STICKLEBACK
CD -CDTTIDAE sP.
S-SHEEFI5H
LENGTH
II
MM
1'iS-
1/9
'2. 2./
2S":t
dqS-
;128
:;_,(1 S-
~9~
~'?4
JDu
2.85
30Q
.2.55
;l"J-O
2.5.,
::1 g-7 '-", ~.
17;-
MEAN
LENGTH
MM
-X 2.57
::'1c~
I
Sc::.)(
werG'I'rT ""~UT'"\..
~ ~
m
/'IJ
J41
F=
F
(1\
F:'
t=
F
F-
F
F
M
r-
r:.
S NS **
-
5~S
SN"
5'<") ')
~I:S~
<;" N "\
,~ TS
<: j\~ :::.
~T~
-
SNj
,<:; T '\
~ M ~ (~)
~ It] "
RS -REO SALMON
BB -BURSOT
CR -GRAYLING
p-PIKE
OS -CHUM SALMON
PS -PINK SALMON
K-KOKANEE
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
DIVISION OF SPORT FISH
LAKE SURVEY SUMMARY
LAKE !7aJ"ef//u~ e I
.--:J.G. ~ /) . /; , /'.' ., \ /II 0 , "W D I ,"""" ·~,l.iJ~EF. '-C~(9 VL;2.XlJ--<.) T R SLAT. ~J-/'1 yo LONG /J~ ..r-r 1/.,
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I. SURF. ACRES J S-2. MAX. DEPTH e"f 110Cl r fbVG. DEPTH ,...1 f ) ,Ct-ACRE FT 2 {, J 100
SHOAL AREA i2 70 WATER COLOR C' Irq (I'" SECCHI READING _________ _
1.QUATIC VEGETATION tkr'" .,Cna rUe -v "'1
2. FISH SPECIES: NATIVE . J/tt;¥..e, . ... INTRODUCED--:lf=r-'m~tJ.,..·/.~c.c...=·9)~iL--.L1.L9.:t::'...LY_-L.A~£)~fj...:.f'~(r
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3, FISHING HISTORY . t1 a 11 c: ""1
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? C' 6. OUTLETS
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9. ACCESSIBILITY b 0/" t9~ ~ ((rob £, 1~ 32 tM-' , r J
!O. ACCESS STATUS T~Q..rJ .A6fr~( Eo cr-.rf-. v
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13. POLlunoN __ .... fu:....:.oli!i'!.:M;y:~ ______ ----:. _________________________ _
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14. REMARKS 'A t:i{~ry Lci 4 /alrc: ~fJrrr.("{' of> d r WO ~J Dr /7~ f -,
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M.EMORANDUM
TO: Art ScluI1dt, Fisheries Biolog:lst
Sport Fish Division
Sitka..
State of. Alaska
DATE; September 26. 1975
FILE NO:
TELEPHONE NO:
SUBJECT: .Josephine Lake
~ .. ,. ~."~ .~(" . .~~~:\:~~-~~~~.:,.~:.:r:.~ . .' _ . _. ~~~!. .'-..' ' ~
Su.r.iace vater temperature waa49~«9 .. 4·C) "the lake was' very clear -and one
could see 20-30 feet down. 'There were a few aquatic insects floating on the
surface but. 110 -fish activity vas noted. The outlet did not appear to be
suitable for spasming anG there were 110tsuitable inlet streams. ..'
There is a USFS cabin near the outlet which was set up for deer hunting in
the good'ole days. Float plane pilots do not really like to go into the lake
with hunting parties due to the laa.d they may have to bring out in conjunction·
with the shortness of the lake. Presently there is very little u&e in the lake
by anyone since there, are no deer or very few in the area.
Josephine Lake drainainto Gertrude Lake and then into' Isabel Lake and out into
Portage Bay of Betta lnlet ..
There were no fish in the net on the 18th after it wad fished for 17.5 hours.
The lake surface temperature at 0900 hours was 48.5°F (9.2°C). This lake was
never stocked 1. guess by Bob' Baade., He had thought he stocked the lake:l but
w~ not sure and suggested prior to his leaving that it should be checked.
At this time, I do not feel that this lake should be stocked with fish. There
were 24 people visiting the lake in 1974 spending 92 man days. In 1973, 106
I:l8D days were spent at· the lake. This year so iar there 'bavebeen 18 people
i:1 the cabin for 74 man. days ..
" ,,' .. '. -'
This lake would· ha'Ye C to be -cont:lnually restocked since there are no spawning
areas unless they could spawn in the outlet which looked to be marginal from
the air. Due to the clarity and devation (1830 feet) I feel it would not be
a real producer of .fish.
Even~~Zlly it could be stocked to provide a varied recreational opportunity
for the hunder.
cc: Bob Armstrong
~ .. ' .• '
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-APPENDIX F
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l.
2.
3.
4.
Appendix F
AQUATIC FIELD STUDIES
Phase I Report
Winter (February 1981) Report
Spring 1981 Outmigrant Report
Scope of Work: 1981-1982 studies
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1. Phase I Report -
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DANIEL M. BISHOP ~nvironaid
RR 4. BOX 4993
JUNEAU. ALASKA 99803
907 769.9305
BLACK BEAR LAKE AQUATIC STUDY
December 15, 1980
Phase I
Purpose and Scooe of the Work:
This work was begun in the late summer of 1980, with funding
for three field visits, carrying observations and measurements
through October, 1980. Need for additional work was to be re-
viewed upon completion of this three month phase I.
The emphasis in this phase has been on hydrologic features
essential or important to fresh water habitat for spawning
and rearing fishes of the waters downstream from Black Bear
Lake. Those features which may be influenced by hydro-power
regulation have been stressed.
Observations of fish and wildlife have been made as an adjunct
to this work. Fish observations above Black Lake are of par-
ticular value because little information is available in this
relatively inaccessible area, and because this po,rtion of the
drainage would be most influenced by hydropower development.
Specific Situation:
Black Bear Creek heads in Black Bear Lake at elevation
feet. This lake drains 1.8 mi.2 , and its outlet falls
1,500 feet elevation in 3/4 mile to the valley below.
upper end of Black Lake begins about 1 to 11 mile below
base of the falls, draining about 6.3 mi.2 . Black Lake
about 1 mile long, with an increase in drainage area to
1,680
about
The
the
is
7.4 mi 2
at the lake's mouth. Black Bear Creek continues about 3~ miles
below Black Lake to tidewater at Big Salt Lake, where total
drainage area is about 17.5 mi 2 . Thus, the Black Bear Lake
1l1li111,0
- 2 -
drainage (1.8 mi.2 ) represents 29% of the watershed area
at the head of Black Lake; 25% at the lower end of Black
Lake; and 10% of the total drainage at tidewater.
Black Bear Creek has been studied by CH2M Hill Hydrologists
using (1) regional climatic data; (2) records of other
stream flows in the region; (3) specific features of the
Black Bear watershed; and (4) newly collected (USGS) flow
records for the outlet of Black Bear Lake. Major elements
of CH2M Hill work are Synthesized Average Monthly Flows
for Thirty Years at Four Stations Within Watershed; Momen-
tary Peak Flows at Four Stations in Watershed; and Estim-
ation of Low Flows at Mouth of Black Bear Creek. These
hydrologic parameters have been used in analyses of stream
temperature, sediment and streambed form of Black Bear
Creek.
Peak ADF&G escapement records for Black Bear Creek show
valuable runs of salmon, but leave the magnitude of coho
and sockeye runs in question. Surveys of 1944,45,46 and 48
were made in late September and late October, and produce
counts of pink salmon as high as 350,000. These surveys
also show unusually large numbers of coho salmon for this
size system (1944 -6,500; 1948 -2,090). Since 1960
only one survey has been made after the middle of September.
Peak count for this period was 62,000 pinks and 10,000
chum found on 8/12/63. This August survey period allowed
the sighting of 150 sockeye on 8/31/64 and 700 ,sockeye on
8/24/65. It is likely that all stream surveys were made
only below Black Lake, since the drainage above the lake
is relatively inaccessible by foot.
The Black Bear Creek drainage is now owned by the Sealaska
Corporation and is being logged by the Sealaska Timber
Corporation. A logging road extends up the drainage from
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the highway at Big .Salt Lake to within a few hundred yards
of the outlet of Black Lake. The only developments above
Black Lake are a USGS stream gauge installed in summer,
1980 at the mouth of Black Bear Lake, and a U.S. Forest
Service recreational cabin at the southeastern end of
Black Bear Lake.
Proposed Hydropower In~tallation:
The contemplated hydropower installation at the mouth of
Black Bear Lake would include a low 30 ft. dam elevating
the water level to a spillway height of 1,710 ft. with a
minimum lake drawdown to about 1,685 ft. Thus the maxi-
mum depth of intake below lake surface would be about 24 ft.
The penstock below the dam would carry an average of about
24 c.f.s. to the power-house located at about elevation
120 ft. adjacent to the stream about Ii miles above Black
Lake. Lake discharge over the dam's spillway would be
relatively rare. Entrainment of air into the penstock
through vortex action at the intake during low lake levels
is presumed unlikely.
Results of August-November Field Work by Bishop-Smith:
1. Streamflow current meter measurements were made at
four stations in the Black Bear Creek drainage during
each of the three visits made to the area. These are
shown in Figure ~ along with appropriate segments of
the USGS provisional hydrograph for the discharge at
the mouth of Black Bear Lake. Each of the four meas-
urements taken during the August visit occurred within
a period of sunny weather and consistently falling
hydrograph. The September measurements were made dur-
ing a period of intermittent rainfall, and the high
measurement at the mouth of Black Bear Creek on 9/25
reflects .47 inches of rainfall between the noons of
Sept. 24 and 25 (see Figure ~). The measurements in
August
Sept.
October
CF.S
DISCH
AT
SlA-
noNS
o
If r ~ f -a
MouthzB. B. Lk.
23.8 cfs
(8/20 @ 1050)
42.4 cfs
(9/23 @ 1300)
100 cfs
(10/29 @ 1130)
I
I
/
I
I
I
I
/
/
I
I
2 ( '3 ,
A\J & VSl
-3a -
Head of Bl. Lk. Outlet, Bl. Lk. Mouth! B.B.Creek
34.2 cfs 63.0 cfs 78 cfs
(8/21 @ 1030) (8/21 @ 0845) (8/20 @ 2100)
72.6 cts 101.4 cfs 355.7 cfs
(9/24 @ 0800) (9/24 @ 1100) (9/25 @ 1000)
84.5 cfs 131.9 cfs 187.8 cfs
(10/31 @ 1415) (10/31 @ 1630) (10/30 @ 1130)
30
.sEPTEMBER
Figure 1: Summary of Instantaneous Discharge Measurements
-
-"', -
." -,
'"'," -
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--
1IWI"81 InM 1 1 f-
- 4 -
late October were made during a period of heavy and
periodic rainfall (Figure ~). The relation of re-
spective flow measurements to drainage area is exam-
ined in the Analysis section.
2. Stream temperatures were recorded with ENDECO 109
thermographs installed at four streamflow stations
in the drainage. These instruments produced complete
and un-interrupted records which were read and com-
piled by the Environmental Devices Corp., Marion,
Massac~usetts. Their product, as returned, shows
24 hourly temperatures at one-tenth 0 C for each day
of record, along with daily mean temperatures. Vol-
uminous hourly data is not included in this report,
but daily mean temperatures for the four stations are
shown in Figure~. In addition, Figure ~ shows a
similar temperature graph in which each daily value
is the average of that day and the preceeding and
following days. This averaging was done as a system-
atic effort to smooth the curves for easier comparison.
Also shown on Figure .2.. are air temperature and rain-
fall records measured at ADF&G's Klawock hatchery.
3. Water chemistry results are summarized in Table ~
and are shown graphically in Figure~. In addition
to these results, the conductivity and dissolved oxy-
gen profiles for Black Bear and Black Lakes also in-
dicate water chemistry.
These results show very dilute and unbuffered bi-
carbonate waters of acid pH with low hardness. Cal-
cium and magnesium are in the low range compared with
other S.E. Alaskan waters; CajMg ratio is similar
to other southeastern waters. Heavy metal anomalies
were not found in sample results. Phosporous and
total Nitrogen values are low, as is common for the
region. Total nitrogen may increase at the stream
J 11
, 1
Table 1: Summary of Daily and Average of Daily + Previous and Following Days Water Temperatures -0c
Date BBL UBL LBL MBC Date BBL UBL LBL MBC
Aug. 19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Sept. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
f I 2!l
Daily
11.4
11.3
10.9
11.1
11.1
10.6
11.0
11.0
10.6
10.6
10.9
10.6
10.6
10.7
10.5
10.5
10.1
10.0
9.9
9.7
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.7
9.9
10.5
10. 7
10.0
9.8
9. 7
10.2
10.1
9. 7
9.9
9.9
9.6
19 .8 f
Ave. Daily
10.5
10.2
11.2 10.0
11.1 9.9
11.0 10.0
10.9 9.9
10.0 9.6
10.9 10.4
10.9 10.6
10.7 10.3
10.7 9.9
10.7 10.1
10.7 10.1
10.6 9.8
10.6 9.9
10.6 9.6
10.4 9.3
10.2 9.2
10.0 9.0
9.9 9.1
9.8 9.4
9.8 9.4
9.8 9.3
9.7 9.0
9.8 9.0
10.0 9.0
10.4 9.8
10.4 10.0
10.2 10.2
9.8 10.2
9.9 9.7
10.0 9.2
10.0 9.1
9.9 8.9
9.8 8.9
9.8 9.0
9.8 9 . .1
Ave. Daily
12.5
10.2 12.4
10.0 12.4
10.0 12.6
9.9 12.9
9.8 12.4
10.0 12.6
10.2 12.8
10.4 13.4
10.3 13.9
10.1 13.2
10.0 13.3
10.0 12.8
9.9 12.7
9.8 12.7
9.6 12.4
9.4 11.9
9.2 11.5
9.1 11.1
9.2 11.0
9.3 10.9
9.4 11.0
9.2 11.2
9.1 11.1
9.0 10.9
9.4 11.5
9.6 12.1
10.0 11.9
10.1 12.1
10.2 12.4
9.7 12.4
9.3 12.2
9.1 12.0
9.0 11.5
8.9 11.4
9.0 11.0
9.2 10.8
Ave. Daily Ave. Daily Ave.
12.7 Sept. 26
12.4 12.4 12.4 27
12.5 12.2 12.2 28
12.6 12.0
12.6 12.7
12.6 12.2
12.6 12.4
12.9 12.5
13.4 13.1
13.5 13.1
13.5 12.0
13.1 12.1
12.9 12.1
12.7 11.8
12.6 11.9
12.3 11.7
11.9 10.9
11.5 10.8
11.2 10.6
11.0 10.3
11.0 10.6
11.0 10.6
11.1 10.4
11.1 10.3
11.2 10.1
H.5 9.9
H.811.9
12.0 12.6
12.1 12.5
12.3 12.2
12.3 11.8
12.2 10.9
11.9 11.1
H.6 10.6
11.3 10.4
11.1 10.4
10.8 10.1
12.3 29
12.3 30
12.4 Oct. 1
12.4 2
12.7 3
12.9 4
12.7 5
12.4 6
12.1 7
12.0 8
11.9 9
11.8 10
11.8 11
11.1 12
10.8 13
10.6 14
10.5 15
10.5 16
10.5 17
10.4 18
10.3 19
10.4 20
10.6 21
H.5 22
12.3 23
12.4 24
12.2 25
11.6 26
11.3 27
10.9 28
10.7 29
10.5 30
10.3 31
10.3
Daily Ave. Daily Ave. Daily Ave. Daily Ave.
10.1
10.0
9.4
10.0
9.8
9.6
9.6 9.5 11.2 10.8
10.8 10.8
10.4 10.5
10.7 10.2
11. 0 10.5
9.9 10.2
9.5 9.9
9.4 9.4
9.3 9.3 9.2
9.1 9.1 9.2
9.0 9.1 9.4
9.2 9.0 9.5
9.9 9.0 9.5
8.9 _ 8.9 9.5
8.8 8.9 9.9
8.9 8.6 9.8
8.8 8.7 9.5
8.5 8.6 8.7
8.4 8.4 8.6
8.2 8.1 8.4
7.8 7.9 8.3
7.8 7.7 7.7
7.6 7.6 7.2
7.4 7.5 6.9
7.4 7.5 7.6
7.8 7.6 8.3
7.7 7.7 8.5
9.3 10.3 10.2 9.8 9.8
9.3 10.0 10.1 9.8 9.8
9.4 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9
9.5 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9
9.5 9.7 9.8 9.8 9.8
9.6 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9
9.7 10.0 10.0 10.1 10.0
9.7 10.2 10.-1 10.1 10.1
9.3 10.2 10.1 10.0 9.9
8.9 9.9 9.9 9.5 9.6
8.6 9.5 9.6 9.3 9.3
8.4 9.4 9.4 9.1 9.1
8.1 9.2 9.2 8.9 8.6
7.7 9.0 9.0 7.9 8.2 ~.
7.3 8.8 8.7 7.8 7.7 ~
7.2 8.4 8.5 7.2 7.5
7.p 8.4 8.4 7.5 7.6
8.1 8.5 8.5 8.1 8.1
8.3 8.9 8.7 8.6 8.4
7.5 7.5 8.2 8.2 8.6 8.7 8.4 8.3
7.9 8.1
7.9 7.4
7.8 7.7
7.3 7.6
7.6 7.6
8.0 7.7
7.6 7.6
7.3 7.5
7.6 7.9
8.7 8.1
7.3 7.3 7.9 7.9 8.5 8.5
7.1 7.2 7.7 7.8 8.4 8.4
7.2 7.1 7.7 7.6 8.2 8.1
6.9 6.9 7.5 7.6 7.8 8.0
6.7 6.7 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.9
6.5 6.5 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.9
6.3 6.4 7.5 7.5 7.9 7.8
6.3 6.4 7.2 7.5 7.7 7.8
6.6 6.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.8
6.8 6.7 8.4 8.0 7.9 7.9
6.7 6.7 7.4 7.6 8.0 7.8
7.1 7.6 7.8
7.7
, , 1 J •
8.0 8.1
7.5 7.7
7.7
, 1 ,
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.-
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iF -v
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Figure 2:
If
-f1
\1 ./ r.
I
I ell
]I I
/\ -
I I
, I
I ' -I
I I i
1 I
" !
4b
Mean Daily Water Temperatures at Four Stations
In Black Bear Creek
, I
1 I
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1 ;
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, j I i
i I I
.... \-I
/-\.. II J;z J -
.\t
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I ; I I
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I 1 I
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1 I i
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( Ii. IV Iii \.
'I' A I, '~ J
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1 I I 1 I , I '" 1 1-i"-' II ';r~~ :\.:
.... ::f' I ... !'k I 1 1 1 _ '\. \,
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I I I I ~ A . I~' \
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Figure 3:
",
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Four
Average
Water Temperatures at
Each Temperature Is
and Follnwina n~v~
'" / i !
i !
"\.
Stations on Black Bear Creek.
of Day Shown Plus Previous
; ,
J \l , \!'
\ I:
, ;
i ! IVlI4I: :\' , ,
_\.I I , \ ; j !
I--,""-?><I'....;. ....... -;.....;',..,}.I:-+-i-; ....;.,: -,,-;,-\J-"'"-;--i--;.-+-+-,--h:--17,'-,I.,.J;;l ~: 'Ui.' ~,.i....+..;.._;..:'; \\ \'-.... """'l.-'-'--I-,.-:...---'-+-..;...,...-i---1--_..:...---!-,-;-r;-+---..,--+-+-i-.-;--j TeM\'r:I--i-r-r:11:=':~+"'~~:;' ~'~:~~~i:::;' ~d:'t' :,' ~:4IIIr~+::t\Jlj'j:J:~!~ ,\~\" .... ~~~,::rl/~A-'''"\_\\:-:~t._~-,.., 1"-_~I""-;.~:.-;1--:.~ti-::.-i.:;:'_..;,.,;..':.~:.:.-::-:.l-L:_,-+_~c=--.:..-.:..-.::':.t.1.,~'-,:_-';I
/
A* _~:~;-+:-:...'-I..;~:~..;"~~'~I~-L4-4:_~~'\~~'~'-+-+"-+..:...'~_;_/,..;:~'~4l~L'~J-+,-+-+~-~''';''-I'';'''':'''~'~\~~''~~--+i'':'''' ~,-I_+----,-+~~'-I_~~'~'--I-+_~~r----i-":"'4-..;'_'-+'~i~
LI ,,, ,'," N "": '\:
'..... J I', '.... , ", , V ,," I '" I '/ : L1'
JJU ...
, :
! j I
I '\ ; """", , , \i
'\i I \ '
, ' :1
l j /i! , II
I Ji 1
i !
i i ! 1
J'N V
:\
! i j
f I ~ 1
! ! I I
J2' .., '11\:1,
, , I
, ,
, '\
I I '-.\1
: J ~I i '\
I I
I I
: ! I ,t l
'_I::t , .... "~ ,I Ait t.o=, AI t'T : 1=f'
, ,
\ \ ' -!-
\ \\-~-r-r--l~+-":""~'--+ ___ ~_+-L'_'~";"--I I '\ '\:.\' I ' ! ; i
~ \i \ '\ ' I
I' \
J ,
i I , ! 1
I , ,/, , \ I I
I !
i ! , I
, I
! I ! _\.
.1.
L\. ;
.zoe ! ' 1-" ' ! \
'\..,'\ IA , J
/
I
2 ,,,,.
, ,
I • • Ii, '
I 1 I I I I I , 1
A~31
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
r
-
-
-
---
-
-
---
.....
- $ r '1', t I" , liM tI I
-4d -
Table 2: Water Chemistry" Data.
Parameter Concentrations in P.P.M.
Bl.Bear Lk. Mouth,Black Upper Black Lower Black Mouth Black
-50 Feet Bear Lake Lake Lake Bear Creek
Aug. Oct. Aug. Oct. i Aug. pct. Aug. Oct. Aug. Oct.
2.0 < 0.5 2.0 <0.5 3.0 1.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 S04
Cl
K
(2.0 < 1.0 <2.0 < 1.0 <2.0 <1. 0 1<2. 0 < 1. 0 < 2 . 0 ,1. 0
Na
Ca
Mg
Fe
~o
Cu
Zn
Pb
Ag
Au
T diss Sol
A1k(CaC0 3)
Alk(HC0 3 )
H'dness
T.Phos.
T. (Kje1)N
Color
Turbidity
0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2
0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9
2.3 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.4
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
0.02 .02 0.08 0.01 0.09
... 0.02 <0.02
.013 < .002
.018 <.002
<. .05 <. .02
< 0.02 <"0.02 (0.02
<... 002 ~. 002 <. 007
. 045 <. • 002 . 005
<. . 05 <. . 02 <. 05
~.002
< .01
12.0
0.0
14.0
3.0
<.05
.01
Sept.
5
Sept.
0.7
II Sept .
.015 <.002 <.002/.002
~ .01 < .01 < .01 <.01
7.0 7.0 4.0 20.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.0
3.0
15.0 4.0
2.0 4.0
10.0
5.0
<. . 05 <.. 05 <'. 05 <'. 05
. 04 O. 1 <... 1 0 . 2
5
.3
Sept. Sept.
5
Sept.
0.6
Sept.
5
.2
5
Sept.
0.6
Isept .
0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4
1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1
1.3 1.8 1.4 2.4 2.0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3
0.12 0.19 1.5 0.19 0.19
~O . 02 ~O . 02 <.0. 02 <.0. 02 <0. 02
~.002 .007 .006 .010 .006
<.002 .029 (.002 . 018 ~. 002
<.. . 02 <. 05 <.. 02 <. . 05 <. 02
~. 002 ~. 002 (..002 <. 002 ~. 002
<. . 01 <'.01 <. .01 <..01 <...01
20.0 20.0 22.0 23.0 20.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.0 14.0 < 1.0 13.0 3.0
3.0 4.0 4.0 7.0 5.0
0.2 <...05 \<.05 <".05 <.. 05
0.1 0.1 1<...1 0.3 0.4
Sept. Sept. I
5
.3
5
Sept.
1.0
Sept.
II
5 30 \ 5
Sept. I
.. 9 1.0
Sept.
.6
B1.Bear Lk.
-50 ft.
Mouth,Black
Bear Lake
Upper Black
Lake
Lower Black
Lake
Mouth Black
Bear Creek
Aug. Sept Oct. Aug. Sept Oct. Aug. Sept Oct. Aug. Sept Oct. Aug Sept Oct
pH -6.6 6.7 7.0 6.5 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.7
••
-4e --
St.AC.\::. MOV'T"H VP'Pe-u... LO~
,?l\tAM~ ~CA1E '9eA11. 6lAG \:.. GlAG \C.. SUi\Glt::. -
i
Po? 1'1.1
':11:-5"0#. 6e.,:rA1. L's:... t... \:::'.. L~. ..,. --------~----~------~------------------~---------------' i 5,O.i
.so .. ., JJ-
1 .3 4_
2·0·
I.D_
;:>.~........ • , .. ~ . ' · .. ·e .----.~~--
_ .... e·'
I
.(.s ......... _. < ,:5 _ •••• --
~----------~----~----------------------------------------------------------2.tJ-
~ 1.0-
.'"1 -
K
.'3 _
-• '2. -
• I -
I. ( _
NA. 1.0_ -D."9_
D. a_
0,7_
:t.1_
z..:z. _
'2.0 ..
C"'-
1.8' -I. " 1.1/ _
1.2 ..
/.0-
0 .... _'
0.3 -
m:2 o.:a. _
D.( _
c .• _
Figure 4:
<ZoO <z..b <Z.e> <z.o ..
<1.0 •• __ •• .. ·<1.0·--·· --<I .• ····_····-0 .............. "'"<!)
... -.-0·' _. -.... ""0
..... ".(J) •••
® --a_a--. -G:>-":=:--.. ----. _____ .
• •
.. -"--._ /e
~-~~./""
0'" ., ... -.(g •••• --_ ••.. ...:!). -' --... ~-.
Graphical Presentation of Water Chemistry
at Five Stations in Black Bear Watershed
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
---_. ---'
flo ....... _ ...... _."'_ ..... _ .............. ..
::: L.A't"I!!! Av(j,v,'T' rAMPt..IIV'-,C:Yc:.e'1"T"" A) $,..,,0....,"' ....
': L.A'TI:! O<.TbI3S.e. ,AMPLJN6>.
,-
,~ .... .-
......
-
'I!IIIIIII
.-.--.-
-....
"~ ... ,-
,.,..
-
-
. "" -
.~
----.....
-....
--
"'~ -
-
-
.pAAA~
TOTAL
0\ S'SOUIEP
SOLIDS
ALlC'AU tv ITY. :J
'~C0:3)
I'tLKAUN 111'
CH~)
HMtO tv ESS
TOTAl..
'PH o.sPH O'Q.V.s
TOTAL
KlE'L t>A HL
tV IT'Q.OfC:,E1t;
As N.
COLOR
7l.JRS/Dlry
~
f.P. M.
~,O_
20.0_ ".0 _
I~O _
B.O _
<If.O -
0.0_
JI-0_ '..,.0_
12.0_
10.0_
8.0_
6.0 _ ""'.0 _
2.() -
0.0_
8.0_ '.0 _
4.a _
%.0 -
0.0 _
.2 _
.1 _
• ..q -
.3 _
.'2 _
• J _
4.V _
30 •
20.
to.
o.
1..0
-4f -
I!!IVIClC. MOUTH J UPPe'R. LOWEP., MOVTH :J
SeAR. BVC~
LX -eo4: S~ U::..
• • ®~J. .. ,~./
•• \11
. .
SLACJc:..
Lt:...
BLAc.lc:. 'BLAc.\c:..
LK. c...Q..
0.0 ·········0.-0······ '-O,D""" "'0.'0 ""--'-6.0
.---.~ --~ ~ -. .~
& .. ·············G .. . _ ........... -0 t;\
......... IIIf'f1I'#~ .. .~ ....... < I,D . __ .--
•
.-~ ••• --<i) ~ ......... ~~-.. ---.. .... ,. .... : ... _. ... ....... <3> ........... , ............. --.
< -.. ~ ..... . os:-...... -<.or-"""-<.0'-:0' '.'''';:'< ,0,-:"'.'" •• _( OS"
~ ..
•
..... _ J";\ ,.._.. v-e· .. · .. · ................. -9 .. -··· ..... ,.:_$=-.. .............. _<p ..
~c!.l...... • serr.
-• .. ----:::::: " • ~ ......... 6) oc..,...
(i) ••••.• -.•• --G>-'-' •.• _ •••• -® .... "
--
Figure 4~continued.
PAQAM~\~ SCJ\lE'
'P.p.M·1
1.4 _
I. '2. •
Fe-1.0 --.8 -
4-.. .
.£.. --
}V1o <.Oz -
~B .. i
Ct.e... .01-I
• i!J,tJ) _
~z ",---.c;J, _I
.. of. _ -
.03 ..
.0% _
,01 _
.oS" ..
.()'I -
Ph-.0] --,l)Z ..
.at -
~~ ~
-0'''/ -
0'. = ~ -..• ~ -..
• OIL-..
8Y.. <,OJ
pi-/,
BeAU...
1.."--so.ftr,
--1g -
MOUTH I
QL..f\G~
'8~U::..
gl.ACk.
L)::;:.
. , . • . . . .
LOWs...
qLAc.l!:..
Lt<·
@ ,. "
.' , , , . , . , . , .
• •
(])=--"'-c-@.'" ...•..••. -<::;:------
SlA<.r.
C.1l.
, . , , , , . , . .
>:D
<-oz G)_ ............ Q"'-'-" ..••. -:Q •••••.•••••.• .::Q •• _-•• -•• --E)
.0/' "-1. .•• Z. .010. ~QZ.6=.--.. -~ ...... -.-.-~l <f)._u_ .... !CtO ••• ____ h.OO ...
• ./~ .--. "",,& . __ .-4.u.z. -.--<.oo~ .. -_.·.· •.. <.00 ...
<..DS"" (.DS-(.Dr-(.os-:: <.IJ.,
< • .c::::t'2., ••• _ ••••••• o(!) •• -__ .... 4t'.li 2. •• -•• -•• <.6 z... -----' .{.6 2-
<!>"', . . . . . . . . . .
~.., l_ ~ • __ ----<~9..2. u'''' (".~--. .(.tU.l Z.
<.f) (u_ .... ····< .. Ot --_., -<b·'···· ... -< .. 0 1_ -----:<.ll I
&l ..... --.... ~~ . -. -----...... -a ........ ---...., ....... ---
• -. -:: AuG.. MC'A3.
(!) ---e lit" Se'PT: ., •
m·· .... · t'!::I ~ Oe.,· .. ~_lZI
-' .'
Figure 4~continued.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.....
.....
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-.
----
-
.....
- 5 -
mouth. Stream color is consistently lacking above
Black Lake and increases markedly at the stream mouth
during the September visit. This color increase re-
sulted from flushing of the lower watershed as a re-
sult of .47 inches of rain 24 -25 September. Total
dissolved solids show a small increase from surface,
Black Bear Lake, to -50 ft. depth and a more graphic
increase from headwater to stream mouth. Small con-
ductivity increases with lake depths may result from
water density differences between deeper lake waters
and surface waters more subject to rainfall dilution.
The increase in conductivity moving downstream may
be at least partly due to dissolution of marine sed-
iments found along the stream channel (particularly
seen about i mile above the highway bridge). Conduc-
tivity measurements(shown in Figures 5a, 5b and
5c and in the miscellaneous data of Table ~) also
show small increases with lake depth, particularly
near lake bottoms, and show increases in a downstream
direction, as well.
4. Profiles of lake temperature, dissolved oxygen and
conductivity measurements are shown in Figures 5a,b&c.
Also shown in Figures 5a & 5b are temperature meas-
urements made by ADF&G -Sept. 2, 1973.
Black Bear Lake demonstrates strong thermal strati-
fication in August, reducing in September and showing
uniform temperatures throughout depths in late October.
Depth of stratification, summer to September, varies
from about 30 to 50 feet.
Black Lake temperatures in August decrease-sharply
and without a defined break from surface to lake bot-
tom. In late October no marked temperature change
with depth occurs.
CONover.
IS "u"h"..s
12f!f!M. Oz..
o ISSO LV
OXYGEN
WATER
I I
t
• • ~ 8-2c-Bo
0---49 ;: ,-Z3 -80
s ..... _GJ -:. 10 -2~ -go
•
UPPER BLACK BEAR LAKE
.. --~. -,..:.,--~<:;)-~ -<:)-.. -..... ...
-zo-A:.
'Ul
\
\
\
\
\
DEPTH
-80./e·
Figure 5a: Profiles of Conductivity, Dissolved 02, and
Temperature in Upper Black Bear Lake
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-,
"" -
-
-
.-
......
--
"' ...
-
-
-
-
-
-
,-
-
CON 0 Va:
12. P.P.M. Oz
D/5SOUIED
O){)'&EN
I()r.P.M. ~
/ •
. of-._./21 Pg. 5b
~-.~ ... ,.,(!)......... s--G)------~
~ ,.-e--~ ~.. Ie.··· ~. \ _ I ...... 1!1" .............. .
\:I • ~ ,"'-tV.. .u,. • I :\.,
f ..... G)_ •• -..cD .... , / m'-, I .... m······· '<:I
.... I . ..-lEJ···
I
I
• ".---• ~(!)-- -<!)-
._._0;. ..... C!) _ •• -10-,-• _ ... -rQ • .i:. ..-.. -m·.· ... -E)-.~:::-~ ••. -".J f -.. 4)....
,/ ""' ...... ---0---<::i)---(i)----G'"
..... G ~ _e_ ./
~.----' r;::::::::::::::::::~
-._.--
--. :: 8 -20-80
E)--<:) == '-23-80
cg--Gl '= ID-~" 8 0
. 0\
• LOWER BLACK BEAR LA1(E
--4)-"'-E)---(i)--~ ..
"~
\
AOI='·6 , \ ..... __ .--.... ~. , .. -.... ~.. ,
~ ~
'e" \ . , \
'.~ .~ ~
" ~ ...... n"'\ ........ .1"1\ ........ .m--·· ..... m... "1':'1' r:"\ r.:"'\..-~ ...... ""',...... .. ·-.. .. .., ... _.1 _ ........ -•... -t:.r---_ •• -m
. '" ""--. ... ..... .... .... $... ...
.• -.. ... -... --... cD .. ...,. .... -.'. -.....
-40~. -'O~. -!~. -IIJO~ •
OEPni
Figure'5b: Profiles of Conductivity, Dissolved 02. and Temperature
in Lower Black Bear Lake
........... m/""" .. ' .. . _ .... 1iJ... ~
•
/'-
, ,
• ,
I
12 PP-H. 0 i ........ --.. ---...
ols:soweo . ! 'et
OXY(;,EN
w'A~_
• .......... . .,..._ .. _,.".. ... -.. ..
loW \&I -..... ·.'ID
-Z(J~.
Pg. 5c
_.:: 8-1 9-8.0
<!)---Q:, '·%3"'2'1-
EI--tD. If) -31-8"
BLACK LAKE
-ie../¥:·
Figure 5c: Profiles of Conductivity, Dissolved 02, and Temperature
in Black Lake
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
,.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 6 -
Dissolved oxygen in Black Bear Lake is highly respon-
sive to decreased temperatures with depth and result-
ing increase in oxygen saturation level. The high
dissolved oxygen levels below the thermocline also
indicate low oxygen demand, as would be expected in
this lake.
Black Lake shows marked reduction in·disso1ved oxygen
with increasing depth, during summer. This depression
was less in September,and lacking in October. The
August depression of oxygen suggests significant bio-
logic oxygen demand.
5. Miscellaneous physical data were collected at respec-
tive stations and are useful particularly in describing
conditions at times of measurement. These data are
shown in Table 3.
Location
B1. Bear Lake
@ outlet
Date/Time
8/20,1000
9/23, AM
10/29,1130
B1.Bear L~e 8/20
wtr. _50' 9/23
10/29,1100
Black Lake 8/20
inlet stream 9/22,1200
10/31,1415
Black Lake 8/20,
outlet stream 9/22,1300
10/31,1630.
B1.Bear Creek 8/19
at mouth 9/24,1000
10/30,1130
Air Temp.
. ·.~9 .c.
11.1
10-11
5.5
5.5
15.5
11.0
10.2
12.3
10.0
13.5
Wtr. Temp °c .
11.2
9.4
6.3
6.2
9.1
6.3
11.0
9.4
7.5
12.2
10.0
7.5
12.2
10.0
6.7
. pH
7.0
6.5
6.7
6.6
6.7
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.4
6.7
Conduct.
mmhos .
21
14
18
28
21
19
19
32
19
37
22
100
96
28
Table 3: Physical Measurements Taken at Times of Visits at
Five Stations.
10.2
10.6
11.4
12.2
10.9
11. 3
10.0
11.2
10.2
10.0
11. 9
10.6
10.6
12.4
- 7 -
6. Interpretation of 1:12,000 color air photography of
the drainage resulted in Figure JL. This map is un-
corrected for photo distortion of distances and loc-
ations, but serves to locate physical or habitat
features of the streams and lakes of the drainage.
Some of these features are summarized below.
Black Bear Lake
The southeast end of the lake has a sizeable gravel
beach formed from colluvial and alluvial material off
the adjacent steep moUntain slopes. A couple of small
tributaries enter the beach strand off steep adjacent
slopes. Southwesterly shores of the lake have several
small shallow areas formed by the colluvium off the ad-
jacent slopes. The northwesterly shore does not show
much shallow shoreline.
Outlet, Black Bear Lake to
Toe of Steep Streambed
In addition to the waterfall-rapids character of Black
Bear Creek, .this section is marked by at least four
steep rock slide paths leading to Black Bear Creek.
These tributary channels undoubtedly contribute impor-
tant volumes of sediments into Black Bear Creek, where
the gradient transition is made from a boulder bed to
a cobble and gravel character. The bedrock sources of
these tributary sediment loads is evident -such raw
areas probably yield annual spring crops of sediment.
Significant groundwater discharges are likely at the fan
toes of these tributary channels, where they are con-
fluent with Black Bear Creek.
Gravel Streambed from Black Bear Creek
Transition to About 500 Feet Below the Forks
This section of upper Black Bear Creek is approximately
located from the photos, and is around 800 '-1,000 feet
long. It is subject to flooding and to frequent channel,
fl.
-
-
_.
-
".-_.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-... -
-
-
--
, 1 I i • I a. I. Ii I l i Ij 'J I·'
-8 -
changes. Fallen spruce -root systems undermined by
the stream -are common. This sector may be the prin-
cipal spawning area for sockeye salmon running up
Black Bear Creek.
Below Transition to Black Lake
Sand streambed with numerous downed spruce obstructions,
dominates. Streamside areas are flood-prone, partic-
ularly along the westerly side of the stream.
Black Lake
The inflow of Black Bear Creek maintains a sizeable
tongue of sand out into the lake. The east-northeast
shore is the steepest, with several landslide tracks
leading from upslope to the lake. Two sizeable alluvial
fans lie on opposite shores of the lake about a third
the length of the lake below its upper end. Many large
logs extend from the lakets easterly shores.
Black Lake to Tidewater
Numerous tributaries, both from heavily timbered fans
with sizeable gravel loads, and from muskeg channels
with deep, slow, waters, are found along this 3 - 4
mile section. Likely main channel spawning areas have
been identified from earlier ADF&G examination.
7. Fish observations were made as part of each of the
three visits. Particular focus was on the stream
above Black Lake, because it appeared that little was
known about fish use of this section.
During the August visit our estimates were 300 sockeye
spawners seen above Black Lake. We walked to the forks
above Black Lake but did not see all of this section
and believe at least 500 sockeye spawners were probably
in this upper stream. We ex~ined the shore lines of
Black Lake in August -particularly the toes of allu-
vial fans into the lake -and found no beach spawning.
A few adult sockeye « 10) were seen at the mouth of
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
,-
8.
-
- 9 -
Black Lake. At the time of the August visit several
schools of pink salmon were seen in Black Bear Creek,
near the highway bridge. Few paired pink salmon
spawners were seen in the section of stream near the
bridge. Chum salmon were scarce in the stream in
August, 1980.
During the September visit we walked from upper Black
Lake to near the base of the falls below Black Bear
Lake. No adult fish were seen. We saw many fry and
fingerling salmonoids at the mouth of the inflow
stream into Black Lake, but did not identify them.
Two loggers fished in the mO:il"ning of Sept. 22 at the
outlet of Black Lake. They caught a half-dozen 10 -
12 lb. coho and several dollies and cut-throat. One
coho was bright; the others beginning to turn color.
Numerous adult salmon were seen jumping in Black Lake -
they were undoubtedly coho. Coho salmon were also
amply evident in the lower mouth of Black Bear Creek
near tidewater, despite the brown color of the water
in this section. A pair of late spawning sockeye re-
mained below Black Lake and were accompanied by a
half dozen jack sockeye.
In October we re-visited the stream above Black Lake
and saw 14 spawning coho varying in condition from
red to advanced degeneration. At least 10 adult coho
were seen in 300 yds. of stream below the outlet of
Black Lake. Several coho were seen near the lower
bridge. Coho are evidently widely dispersed through-
out the Black Bear Creek system.
Mammals of the Black Bear Creek drainage (or their
sign) were observed in the course of this work. Two
black bear were observed eating berries on the slopes
of Black Bear Lake basin (August 1; Sept. 1) and one
-10 -
black bear was seen in October at the mouth of Black
Lake. No other large mammals were seen.
Considerable time was spent in the vicinity of Black
Lake, and ,notes.' on mammal sign observed in this ----"
area during hiking and stream work are provided by
assistant Leigh Smith.
"The low country bisected by Black Bear Creek as it enters
Black Lake is marked by a number of large mammal trails gen-
erally paralleling the creek, and intersected frequently by
smaller ancillary trails heading cross-valley toward the
higher ridge passes. Much of this intermittent trail system
seem aged from a time some years B.P., and mammal use appears
to be presently lower than in the past. Sparse presence of
scats, bed site, tracks and hair, signs of feeding, indicate
that the trails were formed in a time some years ago when
mammals were more populous in this area.
Bears appear to use this low country heavily for foraging,
there being healthy stands of Vaccinium, Rubus Spectobilis
and Lysichiton americanum which are important food sources.
Areas of dense L. americanum are extensively uprooted by
bears. At several sites along the creek there were fresh
bear trails heading through the brush at right angles to the
creek, petering out SO' distant in the brush as" is common in
bear country.
Marten sign is common. Mink are abundant in the area below
Black Lake but no definite sign was observed above the lake
on 9/23. There is no reason to believe they are not present.
No definite deer sign was observed, although one possible
old winter scat was found on a well-worn trail 300 meters
below the falls.
Beaver sign is dense in the area immediately above Black Lake.
Fresh cuttings, tracks, scats, and well-used runs are common.
There is an extensive, freshly and well-maintained dam of some
200' in length above the creek on the S.W. side.
Generally speaking, mammal use of this area appears to be at
a lower point in a cycle which in the not-too-distant past
was much greater. This information was garnered only by the
most casual and brief observations secondary to a strea~
intensive hike of some five hours duration. For any realistic
assessment of mammal use in this area a great deal more ground
time is required." '
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Analysis:
This work is directed particularly toward features of the
stream that produce or strongly influence habitat of sal-
monoids. Thus, it is important to identify salmonoid
habitats and seasons of use in Black Bear Creek. Based
upon ADF&G information, timing of fish returns to Klawock
hatchery. and upon our observations the following tabular
summary of uses was constructed:
Location
~peCles & Acti Vlty , above HI. Lk. 'Black Lk below Bl. Lk. above Hwy Br.
pink -spawning - -
Aug.-Sept. Aug. -Sept.
chum -spawning - -
Sept. Sept.
coho -spawning Sept.-Nov. -Sept. -Nov. Sept. -Nov.
rearing continuous
sockeye-spawning August -August (?) -
rearing continuous -.;..
Dolly V-spawning possible over-. spawn spawn
reside reside rear~ng-residence possible winter ...
st.ee1:::head-sp awn in g possible ? possible possible rearing-residence possible possible possible
cutthroat-spawn. possible resident possible pOssible rearing-residence possible .overwinte I-possible possible I
Spawning activities.:as indicated above, require gravels
in the general range of 1 - 4 inches diameter, with stream
depths of 6 -18 inches and flow velocities of 1 - 2 feet/
second. Coho and churn salmon may favor the coarser gravels
and higher velocities, while pink salmon are likely to pre-
fer gravels in the smaller size range and a bit slower vel-
ocities. Sockeye preferences probably are intermediate be-
tween these species. Dolly varden,steeheaq and cutthroat
spawning preferences are less known by the writer. Work by
-12 -
two investi~ators indicates that Dolly varden use small to
large gravel (differing views) with velocity range of 1 - 4
f.p.s. (aquarium measurement).
These are the spawning criteria that were in mind when de-
veloping an analysis of flow information and when evaluat-
ing possible changes in character of streambed and channel
form with regulation of Black Bear Lake discharges.
Salmonoid egg to fry devel~pment is dependent, among other
factors, on water temperature. The accumulation of heat
from stream and intra-gravel waters provides the principal
basis for controlling the rate at which salmonoids develop
in the gravels. Although comparison of temperature unit
accumulation under regulated and un-regulated flow con-
ditions is not yet possible with the data at hand. trends
are suggested, based upon temperature-flow analysis.
Rearing and residence requirements for salmonoids of Black
Bear Creek are dependent upon a number of pnysical factors .
including surface area, flow velocity. water temperature,
available edges or water current interfaces, and available
protection by overhanging banks, log jams, etc. The trend
of several of these factors with flow regulation is sug-
gested in the following analysis, though a comprehensive
examination was not attempted.
Streamflow:
The data developed by CH 2 M Hill provides preliminary bases
for conSidering the hydrologic changes that may result from
regulation of Black Bear Lake flows. Synthesized monthly
flows (August, September, October) along with two sets of
discharge measurements are plotted in Figure~. The pre-
mary purposes of this plot are to compare the monthly ave-
rage flow curves with two sets of stream discharge meas-
urements taken synoptically (see also, Figure ~), and to
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cfillll/li -,-
-....
)~ ,-
-
"""
"""" ....
""..~
..-
',,", ...
'-~----
,~ ,-,--
<"111 --
' ....
-
-
8
(\I ....
0
'if ci OJ
:l'" to
!:! C
2"' ..
:'" ;:13 .. tf -,. ...
G:u ~ ~ .. = 0"
..I ..
~ X
• i " " . II
-l2a -
4 5 6 7' 8 9 10
Figure 7: Average August, September and October Flows.
Two sets of Synoptic Streamflow Measurements
Taken in, August , September.
I •
-13 -
provide a basis for estimating comparable streamflows at
different stations of the watershed. The results shown
are systematic and reasonable, but have limited basis in
observed record. Data are taken from Fi~ure ~ for use in
analysis of stream temperature data. Effect of flow reg-
ulation on the average monthly values (Figure ~) have not
been determined at this time.
Table 4: Momentary Peak Flows as Determined by CB2M Hill
Outlet, Black Inlet to Outlet of Mouth of
Bear Lake Black Lake Black Lake Black Bear Cr.
un -re.gul at ed
Q10 regulated
660cfs
000
un-regulated 770cfs
~O regulated 000
QSO 900cfs
1,000cfs
1,900 cfs 2,200 cfs
1,240 (65%) 1,540(70%)
4,400 cfs
3,740 (85%)
2,200 cfs 2,500 cfs 5,100 cfs
1,430(65%) 1,730(69%) 4,330(85%)
2,500cfs 2,900cfs 6,000 cfs
2,700cfs 3,300cfs 6,700 cfs
Peak flows for Q10 yr. and Q20 yr. recurrence intervals are
also shown in Table ~ as reduced by removing the peak flows
from Black Bear Lake. Reductions of the magnitudes shown
will be significant in terms of sediment load carried by
the stream, and in regulating the form and character of the
streambed. This will be particularly true above Black Lake,
where peak reductions are most pronounced. See also,
Sedimen t ~fovemen t and St reambed Form.
Low flow data provided by Ch2M Hill is summarized in Figure Ji.
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~ ..
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----
~ ...
--
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....
'.'" -
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:i
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.,
Figure 8:
11
-13a -
AReA
Low Flow Data ~rovided By CH2M Hill. Data from Lowest
Synthesized Monthly Average Flows and from Estimates of
Low Flows for Respective Periods and Recurrance Interval.
9 10
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These data are derived from regional information and should
be assumed to be bighly speculative. A relation line in-
dicating a conservative assumption is also shown. This
line is drawn with the realization that peak flows could
be several hundred percent in error.
The effect of regulation of Black Bear Lake would be to
eliminate all low flows. Eliminating low flows will have
significant effect upon water temperatures, as seen in
later calculations, .
Water Temperatures
Calculation of estimated regulated temperatures have been
made at four stations in Black Bear Creek drainage. Un-
regulated temperatures assumed for these estimates were
taken from Figure ~ for the drainage's four stream temp~
erature measurement stations on August 20, September 20,
and October 20.
Small differences between surface water temperature at
Black Bear Lake outlet and assumed temperatures of regul-
ated flow discharge (from future powerhouse} have been.
interpreted by using the lake profile data shown in Figure 5b
reading differences between surface and -20 foot temper-
atures.
Respective stream flows for these stations and dates were
found by using the relations shown in Figure ~, and select-
ing the smaller, more conservative, streamflows for August
and September curves, with the single October curve being
read directly.
An example of calculation procedure is shown for August 20:
Given: un-regulated flow at mouth, Bl. Bear Lk. s 22cfs
un-regulated temp. at mouth, Bl. Bear Lk. = 11.2oC
regulated flow at outlet powerhouse = 24 cfs
regulated temp. at outlet powerhouse = 11.2oC
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un-regulated flow at inlet to Black Lk. = 45 cfs
un-regulated temp. at inlet to Black Lk. = 100C
regulated flow at inlet to Black Lk. = 47 cfs
Find: August 20 regulated temperature at inlet to Black Lk.
a. find inferred water temperature of flows other than
from Black Bear Lake
~; (ii.2) + ~~ (t2) = 10.OoC
t2 = a.goC
b. find inferred water temperature of regulated flow.
+
Calculated temperatures are shown with flows in Table 5 .....
and Figure ~ .
This method of estimation does not include consideration
of possible changes in rate of stream cooling or heating
produced by altering the initial, upstream water temper-
ature. Such an approach dealing more precisely with the
physics of heat exchange was beyond the scope of this work.
The approach shown is used simply to show the largest
temperature changes, as attributed solely to mixing flows
of differing temperatures.
Maximum computed water temperature change with regulation
of Black Bear Lake given these respective average flow con-
ditions occurs in September with an increase of O.30 C
under these assumed average flow conditions.
I It? t
-15a -
Table 5: Stream Temperatures at Four Stations in Black Bear
un-regu1-
Aug.20 ated
regulated
un-regul-
Sept.20 ated
regulated
un-regul-
Oct.20 ated
regulated
.. ..
12.-
,"-
Creek for Present Un-regulated versus Possible
Regulated Flow Conditions. Months of August. September
and October are Shown.
Outlet, Black Inlet to Outlet of Mouth of'B1ack
Bear Lake> Black Lake Black Lake Bear Creek
flow temp. flow temp. flow temp. flow temp.
22cfs 11..2 o e 45cfs 10.0oe 50cfs 12. set 78cfs 12.2oC
24cfs 11.2o C 47cfs 10.loe 52cfs 12. ':P C 80cfs 12.2o e
35 " 10.0 " 80 " 9.1" 99 " 11. 9" 140" 10.9 "
24 " 10.0 " 69 " 9.0" 77 " 12.2" 129" 11. 0 "
47 " 7.2 " 135" 7.8" 155" 8.4" 320" 7.9 "
24 ,. 7.1 ,. 112" 7.9" 132" 8.6" 297" 7.9 "
_.
J!!.:-::..::.::-:.::-.. _ -.. .. ...... --. .-,
/. # • -... '--<:i)
/' . ".. \ t'" -.. •
. I • / .. /,., .
":
Oct"Zo ... 7·-r------~·~----------------------------~~------------__
Figure 9: Un-re~u1ated (measured) Versus Regulated (Calculated)
Stream Temperatures at Four Stations and Three Dates.
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Although low flow periods were not observed during the
three month period of study, a speculative effort has been
made to estimate 'respective water temperatures during such
periods. Results are shown in Table st.
The first set of assumed low
water temperatures was taken
of record shown in Figure jL.
flow values used to develop
from the synthesized low flow
The second set of low flows
is the conservative assumption.
Table 6: Stream Temperatures, Assumed (un-regulated) and
Calculated (re~ulated) for Two Conditions of Low
Flow as Suggested in Figure 8.
Outlet, Black Inlet to Outlet of Mouth of Black
Bear Lake Black Lake Black Lake Bear Creek
flow temp. flow temp. flow temp. flow temp
\
unregulated .3cfs OOC 4.cfs .50 C 5.cfs 1.50 C 13. cfs . 1°C
S§nthesized 3Qlr.~Feb)lows
regulated 24 2. O' 28. O' 1.8 29.0 1.9" 37.0 1.6-
unregulated .3 0.0 1.3 .5 1.6 1. 5" 5.0--1
AssUmed Con-
servative lows 24.0-2. O· 25. O· 2.0 25.3-2.0" 28.7 1.8, regulated
The values of regulated water temperature shown in Table ~
suggest a Significant increase in regulated water tempera-
tures during winter low flow periods. This increase will be
most pronounced above Black Lake.
Further projections of un-regulated and regulated water
temperatures at other periods of the year were not made,
in the absence of field data.
-17 -
Water Chemistry
Analyses to project the possible impact of damming and
flow regulation on water chemistry were not made. In-
spection of the results of water chemistry shown in
Figures ~ and ~ clearly indicates that none of the par-
ameters measured are likely to change significantly with
lake regulation and sub-surface withdrawal of flows.
Sediment Movement and Streambed Form
The reduction in peak flows resulting from regulation of
Black Bear Lake (Table ~) would have marked effect on
sediment movement and channel form between Black Lake and
Black Bear Lake. Periodic heavy sediment loads from steep,
unstable and eroding tributaries in the vicinity of the
base of the Black Bear Lake falls, will no longer be as
\
rapidly or as completely entrained into upper Black Bear
Creek's suspended and bedload sediment system. This will
also be true of the sediment load carried into the upper
Creek by the drainage's southwesterly fork. The possible
ramifications of this change in upper Black Bear Creek
over a period of years will include:
a. build-up of materials at the toes of the tributaries,
where they meet the mainstream.
b. increased spring flows at the base of tributary toe·
deposits and adjacent to the mainstream, resulting
from thickened fan-aquifer deposits.
c. increased stability of streambed materials in main-
stream channel i.e. reduced rate of bedload movement.
This may be particularly true for the boulder to gravel
sized materials which occur from the base of the falls
to the vicinity of the confluence of the stream's
southwest fork.
d. increased stability of the location of the streambed,
accompanied by reduction in undercutting of stream-
side spruce. This will be prominent in the braided
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area in the vicinity of the confluence of the south-
west fork.
e. possible slow degrading of gravel bed materials be-
low the southwest fork. This action would proceed
slowly upstream from the lower end of the gravel
bed.
The outlet of Black Lake appears to be controlled in
elevation by the balance between the tributary's bedload
material moving into the mainstream from the large fan
to the Dortheast of the lake's mouth, and the scouring
ability of the discharge stream, particularly during the
annual storm (usually about a bi-annual event). If this
tentative observation is correct, the outlet elevation
immediately below Black Lake would rise as the load carry-
ing ability of the annual storm was reduced and more bed-
load from the tributary remained in place in the main-
stream. Such change, if it occured, would be slow.
-19 -
CONCLUSIONS:
This work allows some reasonable conclusions regarding
fisheries habitats below Black Bear Lake, and suggests
some more speculative possibilities. These are summar-
ized by sector of the stream in order of likelihood of
occurrence, and do not attempt to consider more than the
late summer to winter seasons.
Spawning -Incubation Above Black Lake
-little change in stream temperatures during the August -
October period of spawning by sockeye and coho.
-more stable volumes of spawning-incubating flows; partic-
ularly evident during winter drought -January -February.
-increased stability of streambed gravels, also resulting
in tendency toward finer texture; more stable channel
location.
-possible tendency to degrade gravel streambed.
-possible enhancement of springf10ws at confluence of
torrent-flow tributaries with mainstream.
Habitat of Rearing and ~esident Fishes
Above Black Lake
-over-wintering flows for fingerling or resident adult
fishes will be more stable in volume and generally warmer.
-detritus flow (food supply) probably much reduced by
elimination of high streamflow events.
-more stable streambed with s~a11er gravels will alter
habitat for aquatic insects, algae, etc.
Habitat of Rearing and Resident Fishes
In Black Lake
-reduced sediment and detritus food supply into lake from
upper Black Bear Creek
-less tendency for lake to freeze over during winter low
flows, with possible increases in dissolved 02 levels.
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Spawning Habitat Below Bla.ck Lake
-little or no temperature change during spawning.
-winter incubating flows more stable in volume during
low flow periods, and significantly warmer.
-possible slow increase in stream gradient below lake
mouth.
Rearing Habitat Below Black Lake
-winter low flows will be larger, more stable, and may
have somewhat higher temperatures.
Spawning Habitat Above Mouth of Black Bear Creek
-increase in flows during winter drought/cold periods.
-reduction in peak flows will increase stability of channel
features with possible tendency to degrade.
-fraction of fines in spawning gravels will increase with
reduced streambed movement.
-possible small increase in water temperatures during
winter low flow periods.
Rearing Habitat Above Mouth of Black Bear Creek
~ larger volume and warmer winter lqw flows.
possible reduction in detritus and food drift in main-
stream; possible relative increase of importance of trib-
utary confluence areaa as food sources.
7&
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2. Winter (February 1981) Report
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HARZA ENbINEEB1NC co.
DANIEL M. BISHOP Data Received
Routed To %~.~nvironaid
CiJSSihS4 IHi filing .,
Pru/tcl Number ( "2-8 q 13
GlaS3iiiclliaD
Satject ila3i;~3F~n oaG
RR 4. BOX 4993
JUNEAU. ALASKA 99803
907 789.9305
February 27, 1981
Notes on Black Bear Creek Investigations
Visit 2-13 to 2-l8~8l
I. Thermograph installations: All thermographs in place
and ok, though the safety line on the thermograph near
the mouth of the stream had been cut and taken. This
is the first evidence we've had of any disturbance.
II.
Film was removed from each thermograph and has been
sent to ENDECO for processing. New film and new batteries
were placed into the thermographs and they were re-installed
into their respective stations. The thermograph at the
mouth of the stream had a damaged case (see earlier report)
and though it worked fine, it was replaced by a new thermo-
graph (thermograph 0559). The damaged thermograph (0550)
was shipped back to ENDECO so that the instrument could
be mounted in a new case.
Lake water quality profiles: See tabular data below;
Upper Black Bear Lake
Depth ~ Conduct D.O.
Surface 2.4 28 12.5
10 2.3 29 12.5
20 2.3 29 12.5
30 2.3 30 12.5
40 2.3 31 12.5
50 2.3 33 12.5
60 2.3 33 12.5
70 2.3 33 12.5
80 2.3 32 12.5
90 2.4 32 12.5
100 2.4 32 12.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------;---,
-2-
Lower Black' B"ear Lake
(taken within local ice cover of ca.2-4 Inches)
Depth Temp Conduct D.O.
Surface 0.6 8 12.7
10 1.8 9 12.4
20 2.0 11 12.4
30 2.0 12 12.4
40 2.0 13 12.4
50 2.1 13 12.5
60 2.1 13 12.5
70 2.1 13 12.6
80 2.1 14 12.6
lit 90 2.2 14 12.0
*evidently found a relatively deep spot
in this end of lake
Black Lake
Depth Temp Conduct D.O.
Surface 3.1 56 12.6
10 3.2 59 12.3
20 3.1 62 11. 9
30 3.0 65 12.0
35(bottom) 3.0 70 11. 4
Temperatures of the upper Black Bear Lake profile are a
little warmer on this visit than of the lower Black Lake
values. At least part of the reason for this difference
is attributed to 2-4 inches of ice in the -vicinity of
the lower lake but completely absent in the upper lake.
No stratification is evident.
Conductivities in the Upper Black Bear Lake continue to
be significantly higher than in the lower lake profile.
D.O. values for the two Black Bear Lake profiles are
similar.
The Black Lake profile data continues to show a trend of
warmer temperatures, compared with Black Bear Lake. No
stratification is evident. Black Lake conductivities remain
remain higher than Black Bear Lake and D.O. levels are
again typically more variable than in Black Bear Lake.
III. Stream discharge measurements;
Nearly 3 inches of rain fell at the Klawock Hatchery
during our visit to Black Bear Creek. Between our
arrival by skiff at the head of Black Lake on 2-14-81
at 1000 and 1600 when we left, the lakes' level rose
at least 16 inches.
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We were unable to measure stream flow at the mouth of
Black Bear Creek due to high water. Other stations were
measured and are shown below~
Mouth of Black Bear Sept Oct
Lake (Staff Ga: e Ft. ) 42'.4'5'
i'nlet
outlet
ear Crk.
IV. PH and other measurements;
Location Date/Time Air Wtr. pH Conduct.
Temp TeDip. m.mhos
Upper Black 2-16-81 4.06 2.42 28
Bear Lake 0910
Black Bear 2-16-81 4.5 2.2 6.5 8
Lake Outlet 1100
Black Lake 2-14-81 6.5 4.7 6.4
@ inlet AM
2-15-81 5.9 4,.5
PM
Black Lake 2-14-81 6.5 4.4 6.3
@ outlet PM
2-15-81 5.9 4.5
PM
Black Bear 2-14-81 3.8 6.3 85
Cr.
@ mouth
V. Ubservations of fish. ~one seen.
On 2-15 we met two fishermen at the mouth of Black Bear
Creek. They reported that 2 weeks earlier a fellow
caught 7 Steelhead out of Black Bear Creek just below the
highway bridge. They reported seeing Steelhead as far up-
stream as about 1000 feet above the bridge. Four hours
later we saw the same two fishermen. and they reported
hooking but losing an 18 inch Steelhead at the mouth of
Black Lake.
VI. Mammals None seen. Noted recent browsing by beaver above
Black Lake.
VII. Other. On 2-14-81 while working at the head of Black Lake
we experienced heavy vertical winds of 20-40 kts. This
violent "williwaw'! wind pattern may be fairly common in
the drainage and may be the cause of the win4throw promin-
ent in the head of the Black Lake drainage.
D.O.
ppm
12.5
12.7
-4-
VIII. Pbotograpbs. Two, 36 exposure rolls of Ektachrome
and four rolls of 20 exposure B/W were taken. Results
were good, and pertinent coverage will be forwarded
with location map.
IX. Stream gaging sites: ·A staff gage or a stage recording
station at the outlet of Black Lake could in my opinion,
x.
be effectively operated to relate to discharge from Black
Lake. This location appears to be relatively stable,
indicating that a stage-discharge curve could be developed.
Such sites upstream from Black Lake, both above and-be-
low the juncture of the sq.qj;llrfork have not been found
on either the Black Bear.~-~r the South forks. It
appears to me that we will have to rely on relating a
. series of instantaneous measurements in tbis sector to
up-or down-stream stations.
A gaging station at the mouth of Black Bear Creek is
feasible. A suitable site could be found, though it might
have tidal influence.
~ry trapping stations: The inlet stream into Black Lake
is slow moving for about a half mile above the lake. This
may be a problem in fishing a fyke net. About the best
spot located so far for moSt stages of flow is j.ust above
the lake and just below a beaver dam. But this site will
not fish well during high runoff conditions, wben the
dam is over-topped.
Suitable locations are possible at the mouth of Black Lake
and at the mouth of Black Bear Creek.
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13 II.
13
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13 ~..5'
,3 11) .
,J 10
.3 rO
.!.s ttl
,.3
1'1 '.
13 -,:_1
To tol Annual ,~ , .. ; .'
HARZA ENGINEERING co.
DANIEL M. BISHOP Date Beceiftt ~~.. ~ nvironaid jii\lted To ;;;;J0_ _ ~
Cimditd tar Ptliag .,
mIld IIllIIhar
Ci.assim:3li~1
Silbjetf nasiil!~~: .~
IY9 ~ 12175 -MerideIihall._Lp. RD.
_,.&...;:~-,-.c;...._ JUNEAU. ALASKA 8880.
807 788.83015
NOTES ON SALMONID HABITAT ABOVE BLACK LAKE
SAND BED HABITAT:
Location: As shown on map (fig. 6 of earlier report).
Length of channel: About 3/4 mile from lake mouth to
first streambed gravel.
Character: Slowmoving (dominantly less than 1 f.p.s.)
and deep, (1 1/2 -5ft.) with numerous overhanging and
fallen logs or trees. Level of Black Lake (which fluc-
tuates several feet) controls the water level in most
of this stream section. Water is clear, without color.
Considerable load of small organic detritus evident.
See photos R,T,W,Y.
Adjacent streamside area: Land on the westside of the
stream is particularly prone to flooding. This is due
both to tributaries flowing off the nearby slopes and to
beaver damming. The eastSide of the stream is subject
to some river flooding, but is not as prone to flooding
by tributaries or beaver.
Possible effects on habitat with regulation: Reduction
in flows from Black Bear Lake may not have much effect
on wetted area in this section of stream. Some loss in
migration routes into or out of tributaries may occur
during lower flow periods. Log-Stump obstructions in
the stream will remain effective in protecting resident
fish during all stages of stream flow.
GRAVEL (SPAWNING) HABITAT:
Location: As shown on map.
Length of channel: About 800-1000 ft. of gravel stream-
bed coming from Black Bear Lake is estimated to be spawn-
ing habitat. The wetted channel during moderate flows
is probably about 10-20 ft. wide. This does not include
the south fork.
Character: The upper transition end of this section merges
into a high-energy cobble boulder streambed while the
lower transition merges into the more quiet sand-bed stream.
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This spawning section shifts frequently in location, and
has much down timber in its channels from both river
action and wind. There is evidence on the streambed of
ground water flows entering surface flow, with accompany-
ing iron oxidation. The mouth of the south fork jOins
the main stream in this spawning section, and its
character is similar. See photos M,N,O,34,36.
Adj acent streamside areas: Abandoned or flood-channel
areas are frequent. In addition to the south fork, several
small, partially spring fed tributaries enter from the
east. Some of these tributaries undoubtedly support both
resident/rearing fish as well as a few coho spawners.
Alder and spruce on adjacent land areas utilize the allu-
vium and also are frequently washed out or drowned by the
stream.
Possible effect on habitat with flow regulation: Loss of
peak flows will tend to stabilize channel location and
reduce undermining action of adjacent alder-spruce. Caliber
of bedload material as well as volume and rate of bedload
will be reduced. The section of channel potentially use-
ful for spawning could extend somewhat upstream, in time.
The effects of bedload and stream building from the south.
fork will be more prominent as the peak load and strength
of the lake fork is reduced.
Reduced flows in this portion of the stream undoubtedly
produce a marked reduction of stream channel areas, includ-
ing both spawning and rearing areas.
CHANNEL BELOW FALLS AND SPAWN SECTION:
Location: Upstream of gravel (spawning). See map.
Length: About 800-1000 feet.
Character: Gradient around 5 %, many boulders. Flows
too fast and the bedload too heavy and rapid to support
spawning. Numerous abandoned or flood channels are ad-
jacent to stream. Some of these develop spring flows.
Spruce trees along the stream bank are frequently toppled
int%ver the stream. See lllDtos I,J ,K,L.
Possible effects on habit'at with flowregulati'ons: Pro-
duction of aquatic insects which drift downstream and
enter salmonid food chain may be altered with regulation.
Spawnable gravels may tend to develop at the lower reaches
of this channel section, as coarse material is slowly
replaced with finer bed materials.
fi~~
Danie 1 M. Bishop
Photograph IDeation Map
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--3. Spring 1981 Outmigrant Report
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~'" . DAN I EL M. BISHOP -
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,MIll
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PRELIMINARY STUDY OF OUTMIGRANT FRY
FROM BLACK BEAR CREEK,
PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND, ALASKA
ALEXANDER MILNER
May 15, 1981
~nvironaid
12175 Mendenhall Loop Road
JUNEAU. ALASKA 99901
907 799.9305
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•
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF OUTMIGRANT FRY
FROM BLACK BEAR CREEK,
PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND, ALASKA
CONTENTS
Introduction .......................... Page 1
Methods Page 1
Results Page 2
Dis cussi on ............................ Page 3
S llIIJI]l ary ..,............................ Page 5
Re fe rences ............................ Page 6
Appendix .............................. Page 7
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Introduction :-
The principal aim of the project was to estimate the timing and
relative size of the outmigration of pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)
and chum (Onchorhynchus keta) salmon fry from the Black Bear Creek
system, Prince of Wales Island in the spring of 1981. Other salmonid
species were also recorded and in addition an attempt was made to
ascertain the species composition of the outmigration from the
section of stream above Black Lake. Both pink and chum salmon fry
normally migrate directly to sea after emergence from the gravel
in spring, having been spawned the previous surrmer/fal1.
Methods:-
A fyke net with a 3ft x 3ft internal opening and 3/16 ths inch mesh
was used at a suitable site located approximately one third of a
mile from the estuary and with excellent access from the bank. A
steel cable was fixed across the stream be,tween two trees to which
the fyke net was attached using trolling wire. By the use of clips and
cable clamps a set-up was installed that allowed for easy withdraw1
and placement of the net in the stream as required. A 5ft x 3ft x 2ft
live box attached to the end of the net was supported by trolling wire
and faciliated holding of the fry after capture. (see photographs in appendixl
The net was fished with the aid of local help being installed towards
sunset and emptied the next morning. The work corrmenced on the evening
of March 17, initially being fished every 3 nights,but this was
changed to every two nights as the run increased, circumstances permitting.
The study was continued until April 22 when it was concluded that the
principal outmigration of pink and chum was over.
Total counts of pink and chum fry were made and where numbers exceeded
1000 this was achieved by weighing the total number of fish and then
weighing a representative sub-sample. Fork lengths and weights were
made on approximately 50 fish of each species (pink and chum) for each
operation of the net.
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-2-
Water depths as an indication of relative stream discharge were measured
using a graduated staff attached to a piece of piping driven into the
stream bed.
On April 26 the net was installed using a similar set-up and proceedure
at the mouth of the inlet stream into Black Lake and was fished for three
nights. The location of these two sampling sites is shown on the map.
A neligible mortality of fry occurred during the operation of this
sampling programme.
Minnow traps baited with salmon eggs were set in the beaver ponds
near the entrance of the stream into Black Lake to ascertain if any
rearing salmonids were present in this habitat.
Resul ts -
Numbers of outmigrating pink and chum salmon fry for each set of the
fyke net near the mouth of the stream are plotted against date of
the month in Figure 1 to Qive an indication of timing. Points for
March 27 are estimated from visual observations of the life box at
midnight of the set. A susequent unexpected rapid rise of the river
caused the live box to become submerged and it was a testimony to
the robustness of the installation that no gear was lost.
The numbers of outmigrating fry for each species are compared with
temperature and water depth values of the stream at the dates of
sampling in Figures 2 and 3. Length frequency distributions of the
fry are given in Table 1 and are plotted as histograms in Figure 4.
Length-weight regressions for each species are given in Figures 5 and 6.
A number of coho fry and smolt were taken in the net operation
near the estuary. Smolts were found in most settings but never exceeded
9. Coho fry (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were first taken on March 31 and then
throughout the operation, the largest number being caught was 257.
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_.
-
Wiw-'
., -.
-
-
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-
o.
Fyk" net 1 DC. tion lir, lOtlut~
of stream, Karch 17 to Aprtl 22,
I!I. s-.-..... _MOt .... _
fii3) •• l'ttJLl(UAUft~ frt,""'''
e·~"~_11"'"
:t:( • '-1 __ .-.,. __
~1:. .. IoLLUVlfrl1-......
«:; -'lOOI)·PIloM..~IoGAI!IHTTI::t~u.o'
~1.,,\1 • 'S\W.'-~ J..lOItq UM s..N. /~1.tJIb
Af~~·r··IIIO't·
~, -'t IMP lMWt. ~ ~ ~,..., II'tflWUl
~S~Ptftl:III'1DM""SoeItU.MI.IUt.TIOH.
DI~~'_t("......,....,..,.
K .. T'fIt .. UI."~
--------------------------, _ .. -,-,-,.~ .. ,.
15,000
14,000
13,000
12,000
11,000 .
~
4-< 10 ,000
Q[)
~
• ,-j
+.I
t':S r-.
Q[) ....
E
+.I
5
4-<
0
(/)
'"' 9<
'is .-z
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
.
~3500
4-<
tll) .S 3000
+.I
~
.:f2S00
.fj
52000
4-1 o
~ 1500
~
~ 1000
500
o
Figure I-Numbers of outmigrating pink and chum fry
from Black Bear Creek,~Spring 1981. '
17 19 21 23 2S 27 29 31
March
QJ----o·
17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
March
2
2
(1) -PINK SAL\ON.
0
0\ 0
\
0
4 6 8 10 12 14
April
(ii) -alUM SALM)N
4 6 8 10 12 14
April
0
16 18 20
16 18 20
-
-,
-,
-•. -,
-,
-,
-",
.... -,...
""",
....
\;;;f
... '
-
-,
-
-
""',
-..
---..
-
, ...
-
-
24
. 21 'J:
~
U = 18 . ...,
.-15 'P r-ar
""::l
!-< 12
Cl,) ....
~ 9
6
6.0
3.0
C
4-.
0.0 15 ,000
= ....
~12,500
!-<
00 .,..;
~ 10,000
:::l o
c.... 7,500 0
Ul
\-I
Q 5,000 --~ ... z 2,500
°
I \. 0 0
I
, \<i l \/0 , -'VATER DEPI'H. I 0
I \ I
0"" 0
0-0 0" 0",
0
17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
,March April
/0"
. " .-0-0\ /0 ............ ./0 o----o~ 0
o
17 19 21 23 25 27 29
~farch
31 2
°
0 ............
° \/0'-
_0 o 0
17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 2
March
4
° \
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
April
(iii) -PINK SAUm FRY.
0",-
0",-/o~o
c
4 6 8 10 U i4 16 18 20
April
Figure 2 -Camparsion of temperature,\Vclter depth and nos. of outmigrating pink fry.
Figure 3 -Canparsion of temperature, water depth and outmigrating chum saJ..IIx>n fry.
· I./l
<I.l .c: u
r.::::
'I"'i
·
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
6.0
u 5.0 0,
~
t)
~ 4.0
~
3.0
· ~3500
1+1
bO .~ 3000
.j..I ce .~2500
15
52000
1+1 ' o
~ 1500
J5. ~ 1000
500
o
I
I
I
I
\ .. ,
o
\ 0-0
17 19 21 23 25 27 29
March
11 19 21 23 25 27 29
March
o
qJ-----o "
31
31
17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
March
2
2
2
o \i 1-WATER IlEPTH
0",
0", 0"" .0
-
-
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2u
April -'
(ii) -TEMPEBATIJRE -..
-
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2c-"'
April
(iii)-QllJM SAl.M)N'
.-.
-
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 ~
April ...
-
-I !Fork Length
,mm)
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37 -38
39 -40
41
42
43
44
45
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Table 1:
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I Nutlbers or 10 ~umbers or 10
Pink Pink O1um O1um
:::s 0.6
5 1.0
4 0.8
25 4.9
63 12.4
1 o ."') .4" 53 10.5
30 4.7 t,0 7.9
138 21. 5 7 1.4
165 25.7 5 1.0
195 30.4 5 1.0
105 16.4 6 1.2
6 0.9 1.3 2.6
2 0.3 65 12.8
81 16.0
78 15.4
33 6.5
16 3.2
4 0.8
0 0
1 0.2
Length-frequency distribution (numbers and %)
of outmigrating pink and chum salmon fry from
Black Bear Creek, Spring 1981
E1gure 4 -Histograms of length frequency distribution of
pink and chum salnDn fry fran Black Bear Creek, Spring 1981.
90 ,.....
(i) -aruM SAL\lON.
80
70
..c 60
!J1 .,...;
4-1 50
4-1
0 -,
!J1 40 ~
a.l ~ :z: 30
20 -10 -,
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Total no. of fish measured = 507 rnm. fork length. -200 Itrr-,
I"'""-
(ii) -PINK SAIM)N. "'" 180 ... ......-
160 -,.c: 140 . !J1 .,...;
4-1
4-1 .' 0 120
!J1
~ -a.l
~ 100 -.
80
.....
60
'"
40 -.
20
r--L -0 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ..
Total no. of fish measured = 642 rnm. fork length. -... --
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---
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-.
+.I .... -I:ll
-1"'1
~
4..;
0
1S
~
-1"'1
'"' CI:S
I:ll q --
.....
-
-
..... -
-0.550
-0.575
-0.600
-0.625
-0.650
-0.675
-0.700
-0.725
-0.725
1. 4700
'M sa
PINK SAL\ON
Log weight = 1.9491 log length -3.5886
Number of samples = 642
C~rre1ation ceefficient (r) = 0·894
r = 0.799.
1.4850 1.5000 1. 5150 1.5300 1.5450 1.5600 1.5750
Logarithm of Length.
Figure 5 -Length-weight relationship of outmigrating pink
salmon fry in Black Bear Creek, Spring 1981 .
-0.200
-0.300
-0:900
OIDM SAU{)N.
Log weight = 2.6707 log length -4·6360
Number' of samples = 507
Correlation coefficient (r) = 0.953
·r2 = 0.908.
-1. 000 I----r---ro---.--....--.....,r---r--"""T"--.--.,..........,r---ro--""'T"""-..,..----r
1.4000 1. 4350 1. 4700 1. 5050 1.5400 1. 5750 1.6100
Figure 6
Logarithm of length.
Length-weight relationship of outmigrating chum
salmon fry from Black Bear Creek, Spring 1981.
1.6450
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Date Fish Collected
April 26 3 fry*
April 27 80 fry* 6 were chum
8 coho
April 28 3 fry*
2 coho
* see p 3 for explanation of identification
Table 2: Out-migration of fry from creek into
Black Lake
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The results of the outmigration from the section of stream above Black
Lake are given in Table 2. Initially the fry, other than cohos, were
thought to be sockeye but the examination of a small sub-sample
proved to be chum fry. It is not possible to assume that all the other
fry captured were chum at this point.
No juvenile salmon were collected in the beaver ponds adjacent to the
inlet of the stream to Black Lake.
Discussion :-
From Figure 1 it can be seen that the peak of the outmigration for both
pink and chum salmon fry from The Black Bear Creek system occurred bet\'1een
March 21 and March 24. Nearly fifteen and half thousand pink fry and
three and half thousand chum fry were captured on March 23. A second
peak of pink fry and to a lesser extent chum fry occurred at the
beginning of April. The major peak for pink and chum corresponds
to a marked rise in stream temperature from 4 oC to 5·5 °c and an
increase in stream discharge as indicated by the water depth.(Figure
2 & 3) The second peak corresponds directly to a marked increase in
stream discharge. The fall from this second peak mirrors exactly
a corresponding fall in stream discharge and temperature. Stream
discharge, as indicated by water depth, appears related to stre~m
temperature presumably as a function of the higher stream flows
being caused by relatively wanne_r run-off water after periods of rain
in comparsion to snowmelt and lake feed.
The importance of water temperature and stream di'scnarge in determing
the timing of the major outrnigration of pinK and chum salmon fry as
evidenced by these results has tleen documented preyious1y. (B:aileyand
Evans 1971, Comes 1965, Davidson and Hutc~;nson 1943, Vernon 1958 and
Wi ckett 1958) Consequently the exceptiona 11y mil d winter and tEte marked
rise in stream temperature and discharge in late Marc~ produced an early
outmigration peak in relation to the normal peak. whjc~ usually occurrs
sometime in the middle of Aprll. No written data is yet availallle to
compare with simi:1ar stream systems in TEte Pri.nce of Wales area althDugli.
an initial appraisal (Hoffmeister pers. comm.l i-ncjicates earli_er peak.
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outmigrations than normal, although not as early as r~arch 21 to 25.
Length frequency distribution of pink salmon fry fall within a narrow
range with a mean of 33.4 mm (Figure 4). Chum salmon, on the other hand,
display two distinct size groups as indicated by Figure 4 , one group
falling within predominantly 29 and 32 mm, while the other group is
between 38 and 41 mm. There is the possiblity of mis-identification by
the local help and that the smaller size class is sockeye fry (Onchorhynchus
nerka) but the large number of fish involved in this location near the
estuary would seem to indicate this as unlikely as sockeye normally
remain in freshwater for a number of years to feed before outmigrating
as smo1ts. This leads to the possiblity that two stocks of chum salmon
use The Black Bear Creek system, one stock having a run in summer, the
other in the fall, thus accounting for the distinct differences in size
groups of the fry. In addition it appears that chum salmon use the
section of creek above Black Lake ffrr spawning and there is the possib1ity
that some of the fry may feed in the lake before migrating seawards,thereby
gaining weight and length. However the larger size group \'Ias captured
throughout the run while the smaller size group were not markedly evident
until March 29.
Coho fry normally remain in freshwater to feed but a number become
displaced from a system due to competition for rearing habitat and the
aggressive behaviour of certain dominant individuals. (Salo and Bayliff 1958,
Chapman 1962) These so called 'nomads' move downstream until they reach salt-
water and this probably accounts for the coho fry taken in the net
at the mouth of the stream near the estuary. Thesa fish can survive and
feed in the estuary if sufficient freshwater run-off is present but
normally perish in winter unless they can re-enter a stream. The collection
of coho migrating into Black Lake supports previous suppositions that the
section of stream above Black Lake is an important spawning and rearing
habitat for coho. Although large numbers of coho fry were not captured
in the net during the three nights of operation this may have been •
related to the slow stream flow and that the fry may be abJe to
avoid the net.
-5-
No sockeye fry were definitely identified in the system but this is
probably more related to the limited amount of work undertaken in the
inlet to Black Lake than actual absence.
Length-weight regressions show a better correlation for chums (r2 = 0·908)
compared with pinks (r2 = 0·799). At the present time it has not been possible
to compare this data with populations from other streams in the area but
this will be undertaken in the future.
An initial appraisal of the beaver ponds by a limited amount of minnow
trapping indicates that they may not be important rearing grounds for
coho possibly as a result of their relatively low pH and associated
wa ter chemi s try.
Summary :-
The peak of the outmigration of pink and chum salmon from The Black
Bear Creek system occurred between March 21 and "March 24 as result
of increased water temperature and stream discharge at that time. This
early peak is probably also related to the exceptionally mild winter.
Nomadic coho fry and a small number of coho smolt were found to be
moving downstream out of the system.
There may be a summer and a fall run of Chum salmon as a result of two
stocks of fish using The Black Bear Creek system.
Chum salmon have been found to spawn in the section of stream above
Black Lake.
The beaver ponds near the stream entering Black Lake may not be an
important rearing habitat for coho.
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-6-
References :-
Bailey, J.E. and D.R. Eyan~ L197l} The low temperature threshold for
pink salmon eggs in relation to a proposed hydroelectric installation.
Fishery Bulletin 69 (3} 587 -593.
Chapman D.W. (1962) Agressive behaviour in juvenile coho salmon as a
cause of emigration. J. Fish Res. Bd. Can. li (6) 1047 -1080.
Combs, B.D. (1965) Effect of temperature on the development of salmon
eggs. Prog. Fish-Cult. 27 134-137
Davidson, F.A. and S.J. Hutchinson (1943) Weather as an index of
abundance of pink salmon. Pacific Fisherman il 21-29.
Hoffmeister, K. personal communication. Alaska Department of Fish and
Game, Ketchican.
Sa10, E. and W.H. Bayliff. 1958. Artifica1 and natural production
of silver salmon. Oncorhynchus kisutch at Minter Creek, Washington.
Washington Dept. Fish. Res. Bull. no 4. 79p.
Vernon, E.H. 1958. An examination of factors affecting the abundance
of pink salmon in the Fraser River. International Pacific Salmon
Fisheries Commission progrees report no. 5 49p.
Wickett, W.P. (1958} Review of certain environmental factors affecting
the production of pink and chum salmon. J. Fisn Res. Bd. Canada,
1i l5) 1103-1126
-7--
APPENDIX -
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-Fyke net and ive box attached to cable bwtween two
trees at samp ing near mouth of Black Bear Creek.
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Clips attached to fyke net facilitated easy placement
and removal from stream.
~i~. -Iil'. ~ .:::"',~ ~
I~i!;.«l..· -. --_c __
~:;'; .... :,
• !-
.. -
~
Adjusting the position of tIle live box in the stream.
t d
-9-
Emptying fry from live box with a dip net into buckets
for numeration.
Taking a weight to
estimate total number.
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Position of fyke net at the inlet of the creek
into Black Lake
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4. Scope of Work: 1981 -1982 Studies
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RARZA ENGINEERING CO.;.
nale ~ecli'e4 .7.{J!/I.~nvironaid
edTo L~ DANIEL M. BISHOP
==========........,=-==;'//=Jassilie ling ""-"'-... -q t;./ ,~ '" "c-a 12175 Mendenhall Loop Road
JUNEAU, ALASKA 99601
907 769.9305
..
Proie~t Number / .? ~. . .. -
C\assitication
S~~iecl Designation
A Proposal for
Biological-Ecological Work on
the Black Bear Creek System
-June 24, 1981
B.ackgrollnd: This is a proposal to continue and extend environmental work
on the Black Bear Creek watershed. It addresses environmental questions
which have been focused by our earlier water quality, environmental and
outmigrant trapping work completed in 1980 and in spring, 1981. It also
is responsive to questions and recommendations made by State and Federal
agencies.
Scope: Work will commence in late July, 1981 and be completed in late
Spring, 1982, with a final report submitted July 1, 1982. It will deal
primarily with the upper portion of the Black Bear Creek drainage, i.e.
Black Lake and its primary inflowing streams which provides salmonid
-spawning and rearing habitats. Additionally, work is outlined to define
the resident fish population and spawning habitats present in Black Bear
Lake. The only work extending below Black Lake will be (a) observations
of sockeye spawners which may extend somewhat below the mouth of Black
Lake; (b) fyke net.outmigrant trapping next spring which will include a
site at the mouth of Black Bear Creek and (c) a recording thermograph
which will be maintained near the mouth of Black Bear Creek.
The intensity of this work will, in most regards, be equal to or greater
than that outlined in the U.S. Forest Service Fisheries Handbook, Level 4
Survey. Biological work in Black Lake will proceed to a greater intensity
in order to evaluate the fisheries capability of this key feature. This
program will not produce an analysis as defined by the U.S.F.W.S. Instream
Flow Study Group of Ft. Collins, though it could later form a major part
of such work, if deemed necessary.
Scheme of work: A two man biological team will establish a field camp on
Black Lake in late July. This station will be maintained until late
October. From this camp, work will be carried out in Black Lake and in
upper Black Bear Creek. A temporary camp will be used during survey
work on Black Bear Lake.
Periodic (Summer -early Fall) work trips will be made to the drainage
by the hydrologist (D.Bishop)·to establish stream staff gaging/measuring
stations and to develop physical measurements of th~'stream channel above
Black Lake in coordination with biological work.
·'
•
- 2 -
Late fall and winter trips (two) will be made to the watershed to continue
water quality measurements.
Spring (1982) work by a biological field
migrant fry/smolt from the stream system
ing habitat of trout in Black Bear Lake.
, ].Iarch and extend to mid-.,rune, 1982.
team will concentrate on out-
and on identification of spawn-
This work will begin in mid-
An interim report will be submitted in November, 1981, with a final report
in July, 1982 •
Specific Program of Work:
A. Biological work on Black Bear Lake
Objective: to estimate the size of the stocked rainbow trout popul-
ation &nd to identify spawning areas. This population is likely to
be severely affected by fluctuations in lake levels and the initial
increase in lake height on the completion of the dam.
Data collection and evaluation: An estimate of the population will
be attempted this summer using the Schnabel and Schumacher multiple
mark and recapture technique with rod and line. Length and weight
measurements together with scale samples will be taken to obtain in-
formation on the age structure and condition of the population. Ob-
servation and records will also be made next May and June of spawning
adults, spawning areas, and the emergent j uveni.les. A number of fish
stomach will be examined to ascertain principal prey items.
B. Biological work on Black Lake
Objective: to estimate the rearing population of juvenile salmonids
in Black Lake and to ascertain lake productivity with an appraisal
of its potential as rearing habitat. A comparison with other lakes
in southeast Alaska will be made.
Data collection and evaluation: A morpheodaphic index will be cal-
culated based on bathymetry and nutrient status of the lake. Estimates
of secondary productivity will be made using vertical zooplankton
hauls from May to September and enumerating speciation and making
biomass measurements. Profundal bentho,s samples will be taken and a
study of the extent of the littorial zones and their benthic inverte-
brate production will be made to evaluate its importance in secondary
production. Phytoplankton hauls will be made throughout the sampling
season to ascertain relative abundance of species which will provide
an indication of primary productivity levels and lake nutrient status.
Juvenile coho and dolly varden popUlations will be estimated using
minnow traps and the Schnabel and Schumacher mUltiple mark & recapture
method. Sockeye populations will be estimated from the smolt out-
migration studies next spring. Other salmonid -for example cutthroat
and steelhead trou~will be evaluated.
C. Biological and related physical work on the stream above Black Lake
Objective: to quantify the extent of suitable spawning and rearing
habitat above Black Lake; to determine the number and species of
adult and juvenile fish using this section of the system where the
largest impact of alteration in flow regime are likely to occur; fo
evaluate the respective streamflow contributions of subdrainage above
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Black Lake;and to approximate the number of beaver and black bear
using this part of the drainage, identifying key habitats.
Data collection and evaluation: An extensive mapping of the stream
above Black Lake will be made recording gradient, substrate charac-
teristics, water depth, extent of pools and riffles, rip arion veg-
etation and bank stability. This survey will lead to definition of
des crete units within the stream system.
These units will be used with regular monitoring and location of "
adult escapements and juvenile fish from July to October to identify
the principal spawning and rearing areas and the numbers and speciation
of fish utilizing them. Counts will be made of adult spawners and
estimates of the juvenile fish population will be made using a mark
and recapture technique with minnow traps. Length-weight analysis of
the juveniles will be undertaken to ascertain the age structure and
growth of the resident juvenile salmonid populations. Benthic invert-
ebrates will be collected in appropriate sections, drift samples will
be taken and a limited amount of stomach analysis of juvenile salmonids
will be undertaken to identify the principal prey items.
A water level staff will be installed at the outlet of Black Lake,
and streamflow measurements will be made at the mouth of Black Lake
and in two tributaries to Black Lake from the south fork and Black
Bear Lake. Flow measurements will be referred to the water level
staff.
A log will be maintained of sightings of beaver and bear, and a map
of the valley bottom above Black Lake will be developed showing key
use areas.
D. Study of outmigration of fry and smolt
Objectives: to determine the timing and relative size of the out-
migration from the system of smolt and fry particularly from Black
Lake and the stream section above the Lake.
Data collection and evaluation: An extensive fyke net programme will
be operated at three points in the system from mid-March till mid-June
next year.
a. entry of stream into Black Lake
b. outlet to Black Lake
c. near mouth of stream where it enters saltwater.
Length-weight measurements will be collected ftomfry and smolts.
Scales of smolt will be taken so that an age classification of the
smolt can be determined. This will indicate whether the smolts are
outmigrating predominantly in their second or third years and which
may provide a further indication to the suitability of the rearing
habitat in both the lake and the stream.
E. Continued basin-wide hydrologic measurements including 4 water temp-
erature stations and profiles of temperature and dissolved 02 in
Black Bear and Black Lakes.
F. Data analysis and reporting:
An interim report will be submitted at the end of October, 1981,
and a final report submitted 1 July, 1982, following spring work in
1982. The latter report will contain appropriate graphical summaries
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and analyses of both biological ,and physical data and observations.
The report will summarize findings on the existing fish populations
and potentials above the outlet of Black Lake, including Black Bear
Lake. It will identify the role of respective stream and lake hab-
itats and conditions in maintaining existing or potential fish pop-
ulations.
Conclusions will be provided on the populations of beaver and black
bear above Black Lake. The possible role of beaver ponded areas
in providing fish rearing habitat will be evaluated.
'£6-~
Daniel M. Bishop
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Appendix G
ARCHEOLOGICAL/HISTORICAL
SURVEY
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ArcheologicE 1 Investigations
for tt ~ proposed
Black Bear Lake H~ 1roelectric Project
Prince of \ lles Island,
Al lska
rE Jort
prer .red by
ALA5 :ARCTI C
Gl er · Bacon
Principle nvestigator
repc ,t to
CH2fv HILL
Denali To~ rs North
2550 Denali S ., 8th Floor
Anchorage Al as.ka
995 3
Septemt r 1980
Revised Fet uarv 1981
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Cm!TENTS
Introduction ........................................................................... page 1
Met hado logy ..................................................................................... ..
Resea rc h Des; gn ........................................................................... ..
Environmental Parameters for Human Occupation .••.•••••
The Survey Pl an ............................................................................ ..
The Survey ...................................................................................... ..
Sites Revealed Through Literature Review
Sites Revealed Through Interviews ..........................................
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4
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Conel usions ...................................................................................... 22
Recommendations ..............................................................................
Bi bl iography .................................................................................. ..
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24
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INTRODUCTION
This is a report on an archeological survey in the vicinity of Black Bear
Lake, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. The archeological survey was one
of several studies completed in order to evaluate proposed hydroelectric
development plans for Black Bear 'Lake. The hydroelectric project, when
completed, will provide electricity for the communities of Klawock, Craig
and Hydaburg. This report has been prepared to support a license application
before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
The field survey was conducted between July 9 and July 16, 1980 by two
Alaskarctic archeologists. The author of this report directed the field
survey and was assisted in the field by George Bacon.
The Alaskarctic plan of study included a literature search and a field
survey. The specific objective of the study plan was to identify direct
and adverse effects of proposed hydroelectric development on properties
included in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic
Places.
A literature search was conducted with the objective of identifying import-
ant archeological and/or historical sites which might have already been
known to exist in the project area. This literature search included an
appropriate search of the files maintained by the State Historic Preserva-
tion Office within the Alaska Division of Parks, Anchorage. Persons with
special knowledge of the history of the project area were also consulted.
A brief literature search was also conducted which was designed to locate
information necessary to establish geophysical parameters for past human
occupation and exploitation of the project vicinity.
The field survey focused on two primary objectives. The first of these
was to attempt to verify the locations of sites revealed through the 1 it-
erature search. A second objective was, through a sampling survey, an
attempt to locate previously unreported sites in the project area. The
field survey can generally be regarded as extensive rather than intensive.
The results of the field survey can be used to realistically ascertain
the likely impact of Black Bear Lake hydroelectric development on cultural
resources.
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METHODOLOGY
Project methodology was designed to concentrate on a field based on-the-
ground archeological survey. That survey was supported by a pre-survey
literature search.
A limited literature search was conducted. Records of the State Historic
Preservation Office and the University of Alaska library facilities, as
well as the Alaskarctic library, were searched for references to historic
and prehistoric sites within the project area.
An intensive on-the-ground archeological survey was conducted over portions
of the project area. The survey was designed so as to maximize detection
of surface and near surface archeological and/or historical resources.
Surface coverage of areas surveyed permitted visual detection of above
ground structures and collapsed structures. Such structures could have
included cabins, totem poles, grave markers, pitch trees, lean-to frames,
house pits and the like. Small trowel or shovel dug excavations provided
opportunities to examine subsurface geologic deposits. Subsurface deposits
were also revealed through natural erosion scars and through upturned
vegetation. Careful examination of test excavation holes and points of
erosion enabled field archeologists to search for buried cultural material.
Not all portions of the project area were surveyed. Some areas proved too
steep of slope to permit foot traverse. Other areas consisted of naked
rock. And, based on available ethnographic and archeological data, some
portions of the project area can be considered to hold little potential
for yielding significant historic and/or prehistoric sites. Consequently,
only portions of these areas were surveyed on the ground.
-4-.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Following White (1949), and more recently Steward (1959), we will utilize
the broad concept of cultural ecology. Underlying our study is a concept
which focuses on the interaction between human social behavior, material
culture and the physical environment. A basic assumption is that material
culture applied to the physical environment corresponds to social behavior,
and that if patterns are observed in the technological record then cor-
responding patterns may be inferred in the social behavior of the societies
which used the technology.
Those aspects of material culture most closely associated with food getting
will be most sensitive to changes in available food resources (Steward
1959); and food getting technology is relatively easily studied for hunting/
fishing societies. Granting these assumptions two basic levels of study
can be persued through the study of the material leavings of human groups.
First, extinct behavior patterns can be revealed through a study of tech-
nology as it is preserved as discarded material culture. SeGond, behavioral
response to changing physical environmental conditions will be revealed
through observed changes in the technological record.
Our study of extinct behavior patterns through the study of material
culture must necessarily rely heavily upon the archeological record.
Unfortunately the archeological record is incomplete. Lost and discarded
items of material culture are not uniformly preserved. The difficulty of
the task before us is not unlike attempting to reconstruct an object
through study of the shaddow it has cast. Nevertheless we are secure in
the belief that enough of the technological record will eventually be re-
vealed to provide a clearer picture of human behavior.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS FOR HUMAN OCCUPATION
In order to estimate the potential for archeology within the project area
it is necessary to gain some insight as to how long the area has been
inhabitable. Within that time range, we must then establish the types of
natural resources that might have drawn early man to the area. Unfort-
unately much of the data needed to provide better understanding of this
problem are not available.
Some of the available data are summarized by Fladma.rk (1979) in his dis-
cussion of the possibilities of finding additional evidence for early man
along the Pacific Gulf Coast of Alaska. Fladmark wrote (ibid.: 59):
Immediately north of the Queen Charlotte Islands, the Alexander
Archipelago of Southeastern Alaska has seen little geological
research. Swanston (1969) reports undated evidence for two
glaciations on the east coast of Prince of Wales Island, which
he correlates with main and late Wisconsinan events in Cook
Inlet. Maximum ice surfaces up to 900 m for the earlier, more
extensive glaciation in the middle of the Alexander Archipelago
suggest that any glaciers reaching the outer west coast were
restricted to valleys and sounds, separated by ice-free head-
lands and ridges. The latter might be sufficient to provide
The biotic refugia that Heusser (1960) postulates for the area.
It is apparent from the above observations by Fladmark that the western
side of Prince of Wales Island may have been available for prehistoric
human exploitation as early as late pleistocene times, over ten thousand
years ago. Additional geologic investigations appear necessary before
full discussion is possible concerning the nature and extent of coastal
areas that might have been available by a lower Wisconsin sea level.
However, it seems likely that some previously habitable areas are now
under water.
Heusser is one of the earliest scientists to argue for coastal migration
of early man into the New World. In 1960 he wrote (ibid.: 209),
Anthropologists generally agree that the route early man followed
onto this continent was by way of Bering Strait (Griffin 1960).
They also generally agree that his route continued southvlard by
way of unglaciated interior Alaska and along the Rocky Mountain
front. The northwestern coast is usually discounted as a route,
mainly because its cultures are young. The Great Fraser midden
deposit in Vancouver, British Columbia, for example, dates from
only 2100+900 B.P. (Broecker and Kulp 1957). Strong geological
evidence Tndicates that ung~aciated corridors, where man may have
waited for an ice age to pass during a migration, are apparent in
western and central Alaska, Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories,
British Columbia, and Alberta (Wilson, et. al. 1958, Fig. 48).
In some of these corridors, botanical studies point toward refugia
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-6-
for plants at least, if not also for man and other animals
(Halliday and Brown 1943, Hansen 1949a and b). But refugia and
unglaciated tracts appear certain to have existed, as well, along
the North Pacific coast. It would seem just as likely that early
man followed this route either during or between times of glacia-
tion. Both routes are conjectural, since conclusive evidence is
still lacking.
Heusser continues and lists three main reasons for his preference for the
coastal migration thesis: "(1) equable oceanic climate, (2) available
marine food, and (3) greater travel facility by water, particularly through
coastal archipelagoes. II (ibid.).
It was not until after publication of Heusser1s comments in 1960 that the
first prehistoric site was excavated in southeast Alaska. That site, the
Ground Hog Bay II site near Glacier Bay, has been radiocarbon dated to
circa 10,000 B.P. (Ackerman 1964, 1973, 1979). More recently the second,
of only two, prehistoric site has been excavated along the' southeast
Alaskan coast. The Hidden Falls site, located on the northeast side of
Baronof Island has been radiocarbon dated to circa 9,500 B.P. (Davis 1979,
1980). These two sites attest to the early postglacial human occupancy
of the Pacific Gulf Coast of Alaska. An artifact complex, named the
IIMoresby Tradition u , from the Queen Charlotte Islands dates to circa
7,400 B.P. (Fladmark 1979).
Thus areas to both the north and south of Prince of Wales Island have
produced evidence of early Holocene human occupation. Other evidence for
early human occupation of the Pacific Gulf Coast of Alaska has been found
at (1) Cook Inlet (Reger 1978), (2) the Alaska Peninsula (Dumond 1971)
and (3) in the Aleutian Islands (Laughlin 1975).
In view of the fact that several archeological sites have now been dis-
covered along the Pacific Gulf Coast of Alaska, and in view of the fact
that some of these sites have been demonstrated to date to late glacial
or early postglacial time, a paleogeographic reconstruction of the North-
west Coast proposed by Fladmark may be appropriate (Fladmark 1978: 124).
The vision of an unbroken wall of ice completely sealing in the
Northwest Coast during the Wisconsinan Glaciation should be re-
placed by the more complex and realistic picture of an Greenland-
like shoreline, with major glaciers spilling out to the ocean
through trunk valleys, but separated and flanked by strips of
ice-free coast, unglac;ated headlands and offshore islands.
Rapid deglaciation following Wisconsin time quickly freed Prince of Wales
Island for expanded human occupation. A glacial advance during the
period 20,000 to 15,000 B.P. (Swanston 1969) apparently was followed by a
dryer and colder period from 15,000 to 12,500 B.P. (Heusser 1966). A
warmer and wetter period from 12,500 to 11,000 B.P. saw rapid glacier
retreat (ibid.); but this was short lived and the climate reverted back
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to a cold, dry climate for the interval 11,000 to 10,500 B.P. (Miller
and Anderson 1974). Heusser (2£. cite.) and Swanston (1969) have doc-
umented what they interpret as a climatic shift to a moister but still
cold climate during the period 10,000 to 8,000 B.P. This was associated
with another glacial advance on Prince of Wales Island.
A reversal back to a warm, dry climate is postulated by Heusser (1966)
to have occurred during the period from approximately 8,500 to 4,500 B.P.
Although various authors disagree as to the exact timing, it is during
this warm period that the temperature maximum occurred. This hypsothermal
event is dated at 5,500 to 3,250 B.P. (Miller and Anderson 1974), 7,050
to 4,150 B.P. (McKenzie and Goldwait 1971) and at 3,500 + 250 B.P. by
Heusser (1953). The period following the hypsothermal has been character-
ized by Heusser as cool and dry between 4,500 and 3,000 B.P. and as cool
and wet from 3,000 B.P. to the present (1966).
Although we must be somewhat cautious in
interpretations (Anderson 1977: 10), his
with respect to Prince of Wales Island.
tentative reconstruction of vegetational
Archipelego (see Table 1).
relying too heavily on Heusser's
data set is the most complete
Heusser (1960: 178) offers a
history along the Alexander
It is apparent that wood for fuel and construction would have been available
to anyone choosing to occupy Prince of Wales Island during late glacial
time and from then on. With wood available for fuel and shelter it then
becomes a question of whether or not adequate food resources were present
to have supported aboriginal hunters on Prince of Wales Island.
The valleys that separate Prince of Wales Island from the mainland would
have been quickly inundated by the Pacific Ocean rising at the close of
the Wisconsinan glacial period. Thus the larger fauna found on the island
today must closely represent the variety of fauna that has existed on the
island since it became ice free. Faunal species present on Prince of Wales
Island today are limited in number and represent animal forms which do not
occur in herd form. Large species present include black bears, deer and
wolves. In stark contrast to this meager list is the list of sea animals
which frequent the near shore waters and coastal streams of the island.
The waters around Prince of Wales Island abound with harbor seals, sea lions,
sea otters, whales and a large variety of waterfowl and seabirds (State of
Alaska 1974). In addition a large number of marine fishes are present.
Some of these fish species spawn in the rivers of the island.
Since human hunters, as predators, must of necessity hunted those areas
where food was most abundant, the coastal areas of Prince of Wales Island
can be expected to have attracted the greatest number of hunters in the
past. Coastal areas provide adequate staginf areas for near-shore marine
mammal hunting, shoreline and stream fishing, and the hunting of other
island predators such as bears. Shore areas are also contiguous to water
which represents a much smoother, and therefore much easier traversed,
surface than the steep sided and heavily vegetated inland regions.
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TABLE 1.
Alexander Archipelago Vegetational History
MI L L ENN I A B. P. 0 .,..,.--:---=---:-___ _
Hemlocks-Spruce
Lodgepole Pine
Sphagnum
3500 + 250 BP
6100 + 300
7800 + 300
1 0,300 ~ 600
1
Western Hemlock--
Mountain Hemlock
2 Sitka Spruce
Lodgepole Pine
Heaths
3
4
Western Hemlock
Sitka Spruce
Lysichitum
5 MARINE TRANSGRESSION
6
Ruppia
Chenopodiaceae
Alder
Spruce
7 Mountain Hemlock
Lysichitum
Ferns
8
Lodgepole Pine
9 Alder ------(volcanic ash)
Ferns
(postglacial)
10 =================
(late glacial)
Alder-Willow
Lodgepole Pine
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In a recent study conducted by the University of Alaska Museum (Dixon
1979) an attempt was made to delineate terrain features most likely to
be associated with detectable archeological sites. Reasoning that winter
settlements require a greater amount of ground alteration to prepare, the
Museum study concluded, "Large winter settlements will be located in areas
where the greatest possibility exists of securing surplus faunal harvest."
Areas for which the probability of finding an archeological site (high
probability areas) is relatively high were defined in the Museum study.
They are:
1. Non-glacial river mouths and constricted marine approaches
to these river mouths~ river margins and lake outlets~
2. Natural terrestrial constrictions, such as passes, which
funnel large mammal movements,
3. Prominent spits, points, rocky capes, headlands and islands
that may have provided habitat for Phocid and Otarid seals
and for marine birds. Such habitat is only considered high
potential if it occurs in conjunction with one or more add-
itional habitat types, or if there is a natural constriction
which would tend to concentrate these species,
4. Areas of habitat diversity and general high marine intertidal
productivity, particularly those which might have prompted
extensive machrophyte development. An example of this type
of environment would be deep sinuous embayments.
When these criteria are applied to Prince of Wales Island it becomes
immediately apparent that modern settlement patterns (Sealaska 1975)
conform to predictions made in the Museum1s proposed model.
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THE SURVEY PLAN
The archeological survey plan was designed to insure coverage of those
areas thought most likely to have a high potential for yielding archeological
sites. Areas of highest probability are discussed in the previous chapter
and, on Prince of Wales Island, tend to coincide with historically
inhabited areas.
With respect to the Black Bear Lake hydroelectric project several areas
were considered to have high archeological potential. These areas included:
a tidewater lagoon named Big Salt Lake, the coastal areas along Klawock
Inlet, the areas contiguous to the Klawock River and Klawock Lake, and the
land approaches to Klawock, Craig and Hydaburg. The vicinity immediate
to Black Bear Lake was considered to be of lower archeological potential,
but this area was surveyed as part of a sample of low probability areas.
On the basis of this evaluation, and on the basis of our previous decision
to conduct a sample survey, certain specific areas were selected as the
focus of on-the-ground archeological survey. Areas initially selected
for ground level survey included:
a. The shoreline of Black Bear Lake,
b. The proposed damsite,
c. The proposed spillway area,
d. The proposed penstock alignment,
e. The proposed powerhouse site,
f. And portions of proposed transmission line corridors which
are located contiguous to existing roads.
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Proposed Development Near
Black Bear Lake,
Prince of Wales Island, Alaska
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THE SURVEY
The shoreline of Black Bear Lake proved to be a steep-sided, ice-scoured,
ower portion of a ac~cirque. Naked bedrock and boulder field talus
slopes were much in evidence around the lake. As impoundment of the lake
is projected to raise the lake level some thirty vertical feet, shore areas
around the lake were surveyed to a contour line approximately thirty feet
above the present lake surface. In most instances, due to the steepness
of shore areas, the survey covered only a narrow strip of land. Often this
narrow strip ended less than thirty feet back from the present shoreline.
Within that narrow strip only three areas around the lake were found to
be relatively level. At the upper end of the lake a Forest Service cabin
lies on a relatively level boulder field. Large boulders in the field
and a high ground water level would not have encourage aboriginal encamp-
ments in this area. In addition, the area is in constant danger of being
impacted from rocks and boulders falling from the near vertical rock wall
just behind the cabin site. Some of the more recent rock fall clearly
weighs several tons.
A second level area along the lake shore is the former site of the Forest
Service cabin. This is the same location as the base camp we used during
our stay at the lake. The level area at this location is small and
measures only about four to five meters in diameter. A thin soil veneer
lying over bedrock is saturated with ground water and historic material
associated with the cabin that formerly stood there.
A third level area lies at the outlet of the lake. This is the area also
proposed as the damsite. Testing in the thin soil mantle yielded no
cultural material there.
Black Bear Lake is a snow fed lake which appears to contain too little
organics to sustain much of an indiginous fresh water fish population.
Although the lake presently supports a fish population these fish were
recently planted in the lake. The local pilots to whom we spoke claim
that because of the poor feeding conditions the fish in the lake grow
very slowly and tend to be elongated without much body bulk.
It can be assumed that conditions of the lake were not much better in
the past. If this is the case, then the only attraction at the lake for
prehistoric hunters would be in other food resources at the lake such
as bear or deer which occasionally inhabit the area.
The damsite ;s located on what appears to be a natural bedrock dam at the
outlet of Black Bear Lake. Each end of the damsite is dominated by steeply
rising rock walls. The outlet stream breaches the damsite and forms a
rapids. This rapids quickly gives way to a waterfall a short distance
downstream where Black Bear Lake valley hangs above Bear Lake valley
below. A fossil breach of the dam at the end of Black Bear Lake is
evident at the left margin (facing downstream) of the proposed damsite.
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The proposed spillway area is located along the fossil channel. This
channel appears to have been created when ice choked the outlet of Black
Bear Lake and forced the outlet stream to cut into the steep rock wall
which rises on the west end of the damsite. As does the present outlet
of Black Bear Lake, the old outlet consists of a deep groove cut into a
rock surface which hangs above tte valley below. The hanging Black Bear
Lake valley is too high above the low Bear Lake valley for anadromous
fish to have entered Black Bear Lake.
The proposed renstock alignment drops from Black Bear Lake valley to
Bear Lake-val ey some fifteen hundred feet below. The steepness of slope
;s suggested by the fact that the penstock drops that distance in less
than twenty-seven hundred feet on the horizontal. In fact the hillside
was too steep to completely survey.
The upper half of the penstock alignment, which is slightly less steep
than the lower half, was surveyed on the ground. However, ropes were
employed during ascent and descent. A great number of bent.and uprooted
trees attest to the fact that surface soils are unstable. Avalanche scars
were also in evidence.
No cultural features were noted along the portion of the penstock align-
ment surveyed. However, a feature which proved to be a natural sinkhole
was tested. The sinkhole was located on a small shelf at about the 1700
foot contour line just below the northeast end of the damsite.
Unsurveyed areas of the penstock alignment are considered uninhabitable
due to steepness of slope.
The powerhouse site had not been determined at the time of our survey.
A tentative location, on the northeast side of Black Bear Creek and
between the 100 and 200 foot contour elevations, had already been rejected
by field geologists due to its location within a large avalanche zone.
In any event the rejected site was examined from the air and observed to
be unsuitable for archeological testing due to standing water on the
ground surface.
Power transmission line routes had also not been firmly fixed at the time
of our survey. Tentative plans called for these lines to parallel roads
as much as possible. Tentative routes are shown on the map on page 15.
Although alternate routes are being studied. routes along roadways would
appear to present the least threat to cultural resources. Utilization of
already disturbed areas contiguous to existing roads would obviate any
need to cut new rights-of-way to string power lines such as would be
required, for example. along a straight-line route between the powerhouse
and Klawock.
At the time of our survey a logging road was being constructed toward Black
Bear Lake from the direction of Bear Lake. This road will no doubt be used
to support construction at Black Bear Lake. Existing roads come within a
few miles of connecting Black Bear Lake with Klawock, Craig and Hydaburg.
-14-
Based on our analysis (see previous chapter) of areas most likely to yield
cultural resources, three major segments of the power transmission line
system were surveyed. These segments included: (1) a Big Salt Lake segment,
(2) a Klawock Lagoon segment and (3) a Klawock to Craig coastal segment.
The surveyed portion of the proposed transmission line system represents
approximately 55% to 60% of the total system proposed at the time of our
survey.
A segment of the proposed transmission line route, just north of Hydaburg,
not covered by our survey was surveyed by U.S. Forest Service archeologists
just after our visit to the area. Although the report will not be completed
for some time due to scheduling delays, the Forest Service has informed us
that no archeological sites were found in the area they surveyed.
With the addition of the Forest Service survey north of Hydaburg, all areas
thought to be high in cultural resource potential will have been surveyed
except the area around Bear Lake. However, since the transmission lines
will likely follow road alignments and road alignments are ,separated from
streams and lake shores, transmission lines probably will not be constructed
over the highly sensitive areas nearest lake shores and salmon streams.
Should a transmission line route be selected on or near the shore of Bear
Lake an archeological survey should be completed for the near lake segment
prior to construction.
Another unsurveyed portion of the proposed transmission line system ;s a
portion of the system connecting the Klawock to Hollis Road with Hydaburg.
A survey of the northernmost portion of this transmission line segment
produced no evidence of cultural material. The southernmost portion of
this segment has been surveyed by the Forest Service. The middle portion
runs overland down the middle of Prince of Wales Island. Based on our
research on the paleoenvironment and on aboriginal settlement patterns, we
consider this area to be low in archeological potential. If, as expected,
the transmission line is constructed alongside the existing logging road
there is even less need to worry about potential adverse impact of trans-
mission line construction on cultural resources.-Roadside transmission
line construction will cross areas already disturbed during construction
of the road itself.
An alternate to the Big Salt Lake route would connect the powerhouse with
Klawock Lake by a direct overland route (see page 15). As with the Hollis
Road to Hydaburg segment, and based On similar reasoning, we consider the
alternate route to be low in archeological potential.
The transmission line survey consisted of an on-the-ground examination of
areas near both sides of the roads mentioned above (see map indicating
areas surveyed). Standing and felled trees were examined for man-made
alteration. Historical examples of such alteration include totem carving
and stripping of bark. Ground surface topography was monitored for clues
to the presence of surface or near surface cultural material. This
material could have included cache pits, house pits, traps, lean-toes and
graves. However, none of these features was discovered during the survey.
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-15-
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~ ENGINEERING COMPANY ; AuGUST '9'79 1~
ALASKA poWER AUTHORITY
BLAC/(. BeAR LAKE f"RO.,JECT
GENERAL LOCATION MAP
-16-
INDEX MAP
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-••••••••• Area of Survey
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SCALE 1 63360
CONTOUR INTERVAL 100 FEET
OII!U.'SMUt,l$(Alf..,rl
DfPTt1 CUIiIVES IN nO-VAN'" IS IoIIUN LDWUI ..J:lW WAlEII'
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-19-
SITES REVEALED THROUGH LITERATURE REVIEW
Aside from historic use of the Prince of Wales Island area little ;s known
of aboriginal land use on the island. Recent mining activity near Hollis
apparently did not extend as far west as Black Bear Lake or the western
coast of the island (Bufvers 1967: 8-15). The following sites all lie
near the project area. They are listed here in order to illustrate the
nature of cultural resources potentially impacted by the Black Bear Lake
hydroelectric project. While some of these sites lie close to proposed
development, none appear to be endangered except as discussed on page 22.
Sites listed with a "CRG" prefix are from the Alaska Heritage Resource
Survey file maintained by the Alaska Division of Parks.
1. CRG-006: Craig; "Originally named 'Fish Egg' for nearby Fish
Egg Island, the name was changed to 'Craig Millar' for a
cannery owner (see Alaska Sportsman, 1962, no. 12, p. 28)."
The present name was adopted in 1912 when a post office was
established (see Orth 1967: 243).
2. CRG-016: Klawock Burial; cemetery located on False Island in
Klawock Harbor; reported in Sealaska 1975: 268.
3. CRG-024: Craig Petroglyph; petroglyph located at the edge of,
a road which parallels the water west and south of Craig;
reported in Sealaska 1975: 194.
4. CRG-031: Klawock; "Tlinget Indian village reported in 1853,
on Russian Hydrographic Department Chart 1493, as 'Seleniye
Klyakkhan', i.e. "Klyakkhan settlement', applied to a location
on the west side of Shinaku Inlet. This may represent the
location of the village prior to the establishment of a
cannery at the present site in 1878." (Orth 1967: 530)
5. CRG-045: Battle Site; on Salmonberry Island this is site of
last reported battle between Haida and T1ingit in Klawock area;
source personal communication from John Galazia to Karen
Workman, 7/17/73.
6. CRG-100: Craig Burial; cemetery located on Port Bagia1 just
south of major portion of Craig; reported in Sea1aska1975: 192.
7. CRG-1l8: Klawock Inlet Burial I cemetery located on island in
Klawock Inlet; reported in Sealaska 1975: 270 .
8. CRG-119: Klawock Village; located east of present town of
Klawock, at mouth of Klawock River; reported in Sea1aska 1975: 272.
9. CRG-126: Nutzune Bay Village; seasonal village site at north-
east cormer of Nutzune Bay, five miles north of Hydaburg;
reported in Sealaska 1975: 308 .
-20-
10. CRG-127: Peratrovich Island Burial; cemetery located on the
southern tip of Peratrovich Island; reported in Sealaska 1975: 310.
11. CRG-146: Wadleigh Island Garden anrl Burial; reported old village
site which was later used as cemetery and garden site -located
on small peninsula near the southern extremity of Wadleigh Island;
reported in Sealaska 1975: 372.
12. CRG-148: Klawock Cannery; "About 1869, an Indian Trader George
Hamilton developed a salmon sa1tery here. This was acquired by
North Pacific and Trading Company (San Francisco) in 1878 who
installed canning equipment, which along with a new cannery
built that year near Sitka, produced the first canned salmon pack
in Alaska. There seems little doubt that this was the site.
If the present abandoned structure, with bell tower, constitutes
fabric of the cannery it is eligible for the National Register.
At later period, a diesel-generated electric plant was installed
here, possibly one of first to be operated by Alaska Natives.
Territorial Centennial plaque placed here in 1967."; source,
Territorial Centennial records; Hinckley, Ame~icanization of
Alaska; Sitka Post, 1-5-77; U.S. Customs District Report, 1878;
photo avaiable-rn-Americanization of Alaska, p. 124.
Additional sites are referred to in an archeological survey report prepared
by the Alaska Division of Parks after a survey that agency conducted prior
to road reconstruction between Klawock and Craig (Division of Parks 1973).
13. "Totem poles are also reported but no one could remember seeing
them in recent times." (Ibid.: 2)
14. "The west side of Fish Egg Island is good for gathering herring
eggs on hemlock boughs and many people are aware of old garden
sites in this vicinity.1I (Ibid.)
15. IlA saltery is reported to have been located near the mouth of
Crab Creek. II (Ibid.)
16. Mile 2.5: a shell midden was revealed in a cut-bank at this
location near the beach. Then State Archeologist Karen Workman
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reported,IISuperficial examination does not indicate a potentially -
significant archeological site." (Ibid.: 5)
17. Mile 5.5: "At mile 5.5 there is a cross which marks the location
of a 1957 automobile accident which took the life of a young
man. This is not a grave." (Ibid.: 4)
18. A stone maul was found by Earnest King of Craig in his front
yard when he was clearing for a garden. Ibid.: 3) -
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-21-
SITES REVEALED THROUGH INTERVIEWS
No sites were revealed through interviews held with residents of Prince
of Wales Island which had the potential for being adversely impacted by
the Black Bear Lake hydroelectric project. The only site reported to us
as possibly near proposed hydroelectric development we had already identified
as CRG-126 (Nutzune Bay Village). The following persons were contacted
duri ng our study ~'.';
Mr. Leanardo Kato, President
Klawock Heenya Corporation
Mr. Ron Hatch, City Planner
City of Cra i g
Mr. George Hamilton Sr. (age 97)
Craig
Mr. Robert Sanderson
Haida Corporation
Hydaburg, Alaska
We were unsuccessful in our attempts to meet the following people.
Mr. Jim Sprague, Mayor
City of Cra i g
Mr. Albert Macasaet, Mayor
City of Kl awock
Mr. John Morris, Mayor
City of Hydaburg
Upon leaving the field, we visited the Ketchikan Area offices of the U.S.
Forest Service. The Ketchikan Area archeologist proved hospitable but
unhelpful in locating previously unreported sites in the project study area.
We were not especially surprised at the results to our efforts. The Native
Cemetery and Historic Sites of Southeast Alaska report funded by the
Sealaska Corporation (1975) has only recently been completed. This study
is a comprehensive update of an earlier report to the Commissioner of
Indian Affair prepared as supporting documentation in a lands claims dispute
(Goldschmidt and Haas 1946). Although both reports are admittedly weak
in coverage of prehistoric sites, both reports incorporate data obtained
from extensive interviews with informants from all across Southeast Alaska.
-22-
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed Black Bear Lake hydroelectric project has the potential for
adverse impact on cultural resources. Most of the potentially threatened
resources are related to currently utilized areas on Prince of Wales Island.
Potential adverse impact would be associated with construction of (1) the
reservoir, dam, penstock and powerstation system and (2) the transmission
line system which would connect the powerstation with the communities of
Klawock, Craig and Hydaburg. The two aspects of the hydroelectric develop-
ment project might be termed (1) the power production system and (2) the
power distribution system.
Potential impact of power production system construction appears, on the
basis of our study, to be quite low with respect to cultural resources.
All areas potentially effected were either surveyed with negative results
or else were determined to be of low archeological potential on the basis
of settlement pattern analysis. Low potential areas were surveyed from
the air. Our study produced no evidence that construction of the power
production system would adversely effect any cultural resources.
Potential impact of power distribution system construction appears, on the
basis of our stud~ to be somewhat greater than does construction of the
power production system. Specific impact potential will be related to
erection of powerline support poles and to ground altering activities
which may be associated with the actual suspension of powerlines from the
poles. This impact potential can be minimized by restricting developmental
activities to those areas already impacted by past development.
For example, transmission lines could be strung alongside existing road-
ways. Roadside areas along existing logging roads were observed to be
heavily scarred. Even if cultural resources should prove to be present in
such a heavily disturbed area, they likely would not suffer significant
further disturbance through the erection of powerlines.
Potentially impacted cultural resources are associated with the communities
of Klawock, Craig and Hydaburg and contiguous areas. An old village site
is reported along Klawock Lagoon and the area near the Klawock Fish Hatchery
has produced artifacts (Clark 1977).
Of all the cultural resources now known in the study area, only two have
been identified as potentially eliglible for the National Register of
Historic Places according to criteria set forth in 36 CFR 800, Procedures
for the Protection of Cultural Properties. CRG-147 (Klawock Totem Park)
has been nominated to the National Register by the Alaska Historic Sites
Advisory Committee. CRG-148 (Klawock Cannery) has been identified by the
Alaska State Historian as potentially eligible for the National Register,
but to date no formal nomination has been submitted. In our opinion,
neither CRG-147 nor CRG-148 appears to be endangered by the proposed Bl ack
Bear Lake hydroelectric project.
On the basis of our study, and given the qualifications above, we conclude
that the Black Bear Lake hydroelectric project is not likely to have a
significant adverse effect on any property listed in or eligible for
inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
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-23-
RECOMMENDATIONS
Since no specific cultural resources are known to be under threat of
adverse impact from Black Bear Lake hydroelectric development, no plans
to mitigate specific adverse effects are included in this report.
However, certain aspects of the proposed development were not finalized
at the time of our survey. Specifically, the final location of the
powerhouse and power transmission line alignments had not been decided~
For reasons cited in the body of this report, vie urge that transmission
lines be constructed near the edge of existing roadways when ever possible .
This will mitigate potential adverse effects of transmission line construc~
tion by minimizing the need for additional ground area disturbance.
Although a significant sample of proposed hydroelectric development impact
area has now been archeologically surveyed, two areas remain unsurveyed.
One a rea between the Kl a\'JOC k-Ho 11 is road and Hyda burg has not been surveyed
but we consider to be low in archeological potential. An existing road
in this area could be used to locate transmission line alignment in a
manner described elsewhere in this report. No further survey is recommended.
The second unsurveyed area lies along Bear Lake valley between the damsite
and an area southeast of Big Salt Lake. Because the stream that drains
Bear Lake valley is reportedly a salmon stream a somewhat higher potential
for archeological site occurrence exists here than at the other unsurveyed
location. A logging road is now being constructed through the Bear Lake
valley. If the edge of this road is utilized for transmission line con-
struction, the road edge should be surveyed prior to powerline construction.
At the time this survey is conducted it will be possible to survey the
powerhouse location. This additional survey area is relatively small and,
once the Bear Lake valley road is constructed, the survey should require
no more than about one or two field days to complete.
Areas contiguous to the shoreline of Black Bear Lake have now been surveyed
and need not be examined further for cultural resources. This is also the
case for the damsite and the upper portion of the penstock alignment. We
judge the lower portion of the penstock alignment to be too steep of slope
to contain significant cultural resources. We, therefore, recommend no
further archeological survey there.
-24-
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ackerman, R.
1968 The Archaeology of the Glacier Bay Region, Southeastern Alaska.
Washington State University Laboratory of Anthropology, Report
of Investigation No. 44.
1973 Post Pleistocene Cultural Adaptations on the Northern Northwest
Coast., in International Conference on the Prehistory and Paleo-
ecology of Western Arctic and Sub-arctic, pp. 1-20, University
of Calgary Archaeological Association.
1979 Early Culture Complexes on the Northern Northwest Coast., paper
presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Society for American
Archeology, Vancouver. co-authored with T. Hamilton & R.
Stuckenrath.
Anderson, P.
1977 Alaskan Climatic History: 6000 BP to Present. typescript, 18 pp.
ms
Broecker, W. and J. Kulp
1957 Lamont natural radiocarbon measurements IV. in Science, 126,
pp. 1324-1334.
Bufvers, J.
1967 History of Mines and Prospects, Ketchikan District, Prior to 1952.-
Division of Mines and Minerals, Department of Natural Resources,
State of Alaska.
Clark, G.
1977 Archeological Reconnaissance: Klawock Fish Hatchery. memorandum
to Forest Supervisor, Ketchikan Area, June 20, 1977.
Davis, S.
1979 Hidden Falls, A Stratified Site in Southeast Alaska., paper
presented at the 32nd Annual Northwest Anthropological Conferencem
March 22-24, Eugene, Oregon.
1980 Hidden Falls: A Multicomponent Site in the Alexander Archipelago
of the Northwest Coast., paper presented at the 45th Annual
Meeting of the Society for American Archeology, Philadelphia.
Dixon, E.
1979 Lower Cook Inlet Cultural Resource Study. report prepared for
the Outer Continental Shelf Office of the Bureau of Land Manage-
ment under contract AA55l-CT8-29.
Dumond, D.
1971 A Summary of Archaeology in the Katmai Regions, Southwestern
Alaska., University of Oregon Anthropological Papers.
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Fladmark, K.
1978 The Feasibility of tte Northwest Coast as a Migration Route
for Early Man. in Early Man in America From ~ Circum-Pacific
Perspective. edited by A. Bryan, pp. 119-128. Occasional Papers
No.1 of the Department of Anthropology, Univ. of Alberta.
1979 Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North
America. in American Antiquity, 44(1):55-69.
Goldschmidt. W. and T. Haas
1946 Possessory rites of the natives of Southeastern Alaska. a Report
to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. mimeograph.
Griffin, J.
1960 Some Prehistoric Connections between Siberia and America. in
Science, 131: 810-812.
Hansen, H.
1 949a Postglacial Forests in West Central Alberta, Canada. in
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 76:278-289.
1949b Postglacial Forests in South Central Alberta, Canada. in
American Journal of Botony, 36: 54-65.
Halliday, W. and A. Brown
1943 The distribution of some important forest trees in Canada.,
Ecology, 24: 353-373.
Heusser, C.
1953 Radiocarbon Dating of the Thermal Maximum in Southeastern
Alaska., in Ecology, 34(3): 637-640.
1960 Late Pleistocene Environments of North Pacific North America.
American Geographical Society Special Publication No. 35.
1966 Polar hemispheric correlation: Palynological evidence from
Chile and the Pacific Northwest of America. in World Climate
from 8,000 to 0 B.C .. , Proceedings of the International
Symposium on-WorTdi:1imate, Imperial College, London. Edited
by J. Sawyer, pp. 124-142, Royal Meteorological Society, London.
Laughlin, W.
1975 Aleuts: Ecosystems, Holocene History, and Siberian Origin. in
Science, 189(4202)
McKenzie, D. and R. Goldwait
1971 Glacial History of the
Southeastern Alaska.,
82: 1767-1782 .
Last 11.000 Years in Adams Inlet,
in Geological Society of America Bulletin,
-26-
Miller, M. and J. Anderson
1974 Out-of-Phase Holocene climatic trends in the maritime and
continental sectors of the Alaska-Canada boundary range. in
Quaternary Environments: Proceedings of a Symposium, First York
University Symposium on Quaternary Research, edited by W. C.
Mahaney, Geographical Monographs No.5, York University, Toronto.
Orth, D.
1967 Dictionary of Alaska Place Names., Geological Survey Professional
Paper No. 567, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Reger, D.
1978 1977 Excavations on the Beluga Point Site. paper presented at
the 5th Annual Alaska Anthropology Association Conference,
Anchorage.
Sealaska Corporation
1975 Native Cemetery and Historic Sites of Southeast Alaska. , Juneau.
State of Alaska
1974 Alaska's Wildli and Habitat., Department of Fish and Game.
1973 Reconnaissance Survey of the Craig to Klawock Road: Proposed
ms Highway Project RS-0924(5). report prepared by the Division of
Parks, Department of Natural Resources, 10 pp.
Steward, J.
1959 Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution.,
University of Illinois Press.
Swanston, D.
1969 A Late Pleistocene Glacial Sequence from Prince of Wales Island,
Alaska., in Arctic, 22: 25-33.
White, L.
1949 The Science of Culture: A Study of Man and ivilization., Farrar
-.
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Straus and Gi roux, Toronto. _.
Wilson, J. and et. al.
1958 Glaciar-Map-of Canada., Geological Association of Canada, Toronto. -.
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Appendix H
PROPOSED PROJECT RECREATION PLAN
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Appendix H
PROPOSED PROJECT RECREATION PLAN
Page
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Project Area setting 1
1.2 Regional Perspective 2
~. Regional Recreation Opportunities
2.1 Existing Resources and Use
2.2 Regional Issues and Trends 5
3. Recreational opportunities of the Project Vicinity 6
3.1 Existing Facilities 6
3.2 Existing Activities
3.3 Existing Use 8
3.4 Planned and Potential Recreation Resources 9
3.5 local Issues and Future Use 9
3.6 Potentials and Limitations on Recreation Use 10
l. Proposed Recreation Develc~ment 11
4.1 Proposed Facilities 11
4.2 Estimated Recreation Use with the Proposed Project 12
4.3 Project Recreational Facility Cost Estimate,
Develo~ment Schedule and Maintenance
). Consultation and Cooperation with Federal, State
and local Agencies
). References
-i-
13
14
15
J;:I S'I OF TABLES
Reasons for Coming to Alaska : Comparison Between
Alaska Regions
Summarization of Black Bear Hunting Statistics for
Prince of wales Island
Regional Recreation Areas that Draw Non-Resident Use
Existing and Potential Recreation Facilities
Proposed Recreation Plan
-ii-
R-1
R-2
R-1
R-2
R-3
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Appendix H
PROPOSED PROJECT RECREA~ION PIAN
1. INTROCUCTION
1.1 Project ~£ea Setting
The proposed Black Bear I_a}~e Hydroelectric Project is central.!. y
located cn Prince of r"1al€:s Island in Sou·theast Alaska. Prince of
Wales Island, a sparsely populated area approximately 30 air miles
west of Ketchikan, is physiographically typical of southeast Alaska.
Black Eear Lake is a high elevation (1680 ft msl) cirque lake
surrounded by mountains and steep forested slopes. The lake has a
surface area of 212 acres, which will be increased to approximately
241 acres upon completion of tne proposed Project. Access is by
float plane or helicopter.
Major recreation activities in the proposed Project vicinity
are dispersed activity-types such as fishing, hunting and hiking
which de~end largely on the natural character of the envircnment for
their existence. Presently, the only developed recreational
facility in the Project Area is a u.s. Forest Service (USFS) Cabin
on Elack Bear Lake.
1.2 Regional Perspective
Recreation is, and will continue to be important to Southeast
Alaska because the region's relatively undevelo~ed character, vast
and diverse natural resources, and spectacular scenery attract many
visitors seeking remote areas and dispersed recreation activities.
Other factors strongly influence recreation and affect the course of
its develo~ment. These factors, discussed below, are:
Physiographic Character
Transportation
lifestyle
Management Policy/Ownership
-1-
Physiographic Character
~he fhysiographic character of Southeast Alaska is the one
factor that influences all of the others. Geographically the area
is quite isolated due to the rugged and heavily forested mountains
and numerous islands. Communities are located near the shorelines
and generally remain physically isolated from one another. Of the
SOrOOO feople residing in an area of afproximately 42 r OOO
square miles, 71 percent live in only three communities, Juneau,
Ketchikan and sitka (Clark 1978). The region's rugged and remote
character provides a plentiful resource sUPfly for dispersed
recreational activities.
Transportation
The lack of road systems throughout southeast Alaska contribute
largely to the physical isolation and individual character of the
communities. However, Prince of Wales Island is one of the few
areas in Southeast Alaska that has a developed road systew. This
system connects the communities of Thorne Bay, Craig, Klawock r and
Hollis. The Alaska Department of Highways is currently planning to
extend a road south from the Craig to Hollis road, to the community
of Hydaburg. Prince of Wales Island still has many remote areas.
However, the island is beginning to experience a change toward a
more develofed character.
Travel by boat is the most popular and practical mode of
transportation, utilized by more than 80 percent of the visitors
entering the region (ISER r 1978). Princifal access to the-Project
Area is cy the Hollis ferry terminal on Prince of ~al€s Island which
is served by the Alaska Marine Ferry System from Ketchikan four days
per week. Air transportation r while often the only means of access
to remote inland areas, is expensive and used mostly ty non-resident
visitors.
Lifestyle
In Southeast Alaska the land and water directly shapes the
lifestyles of its people. This lifestyle is tYfically Characterized
by self-sufficiency and a desire to be close to a wilderness
environment. These factors strongly favor the dispersed type of
recreation that is predominant. Being close to wilderness,
recreation and self-sufficiency are the three reasons ranked the
highest by residents for staying in the region, as shown in
Tal::le R-1.
-2-
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Similarly, dispersed recreation activities are tied closely
with the subsistence way of life of many of the native populations.
The subsistence lifestyle is valued as a traditional practice and
the activities of hunting, fishing, hiking and camping are as much a
way of life as they are recreation. However, increased growth and
development in the region are beginning to affect this life style.
Many communities have begun to encourage development to stimulate
their economies. Management decisions are beginning to alter land
uses in areas used for sport, subsistence hunting and fishing,
recreation and as scenic backdrops. In general, all indications are
that in certain areas, including Prince of Wales Island, the shift
toward more development and thus a more urban and conventional
economy will ccntinue, and that dependence on a subsistence way of
life will decline. The effect this shift may have on recreation
most likely will be towards more concentrated activities with
developed facilities.
Manag~nt Policy/ownership
Land management policies and ownership are important elements
in the determination of future recreation trends in Southeast
Alaska. ~he ownership issue of parts of the Project Area at the
present time is somewhat complicated due to the Native Claims
Settlement Act, and possible selection by native corporations (see
Project Area Ownership map, Exhibit 70). It is difficult to say at
this time what impact a change in land ownership would have on
future recreation.
~he management policies established for the lands in the
vicinity cf the project will have perhaps the greatest influence on
recreation development. The prevalent management policy for
National Forest lands on Prince of Wales Island is the recently
completed ~ongass National Forest Land Management Plan (TIMF). This
plan directly affects the proposed Project, since part of the
Project Area is in National Forest Ownership. The ~LMF has four
land use d~signation categories ranging from wilderness to intensive
resource use and development. All of the Project lands within the
National Forest are in the intensive resource use designations, as
is most of Prince of wales Island. ~his general
development-oriented policy for the island creates a number of
concerns which will directly affect the extent and types of future
recreation desired. These are:
1. As a result of the Alaska Native Claims Act and land
selections by the State of Alaska, land ownership
patterns will substantially change in the next
few years, predominantly near population centers.
-3-
2. As more acreage of National Forest goes into state and
private ownership, the demand for roads, po~er sites and
lines, communication systems and aids to aviation and
navigation will increase.
3. The value of private lands within National Forest
boundaries will contine to increase as more adjacent
lands become privately owned. Subdivisions and
development of private holdings lying within National
Forest boundaries will also expand, increasing ~ressures
for local recreational activities.
4. Public pressure will increase for such uses as
recreation cabins, campsites, recreational vehicle
camping, and off-road vehicle (CRV) use.
In general, because of the management policies of the area, the
trend seems to be towards recreation of a more developed and
use-intensive nature.
2. REGIONAL RECREATION OPPQRTUNITIES
2.1 Existing Resources ~nd 2~
~ourism and recreation are major industries in Alaska. Total
tourist ex~enditures in 1972 were approximately 66 million dollars.
In 1977 that figure grew to 130-150 million dollars (EIA, 1978).
Recently, however, tourism growth has slowed somewhat due to the
high trans~ortation costs encountered and the economy in general.
The State Division of Tourism projected an eight to nine percent
increase in non-resident tourists for 1980. Though this projection
ShOWS an increase, it falls short of the historical 15 percent
annual increase (Inside Passage, 1980). While the majority of
visitors to Alaska as a whole travel by air, it is estimated that
greater than 80 percent of Southeast Alaska visitors enter the
region by water (ISER, 1978). The two major water-oriented access
modes are the Alaska Marine Highway System (State Ferry) and private
cruise shi~s. Most of the tourist traffic is directed to the larger
communities of Juneau, Skagway, Haines, and Ketchikan. Ferry
traffic to Prince of Wales Island primarily serves local residents.
~he recreational season in Southeast Alaska is relatively
short, ~ith most activity occurring from June through September.
Most recreation in Southeast Alaska is of a dispersed type.
Hunting, fishing, camping, boating and beachcombing account for
75 percent of all recreational use in Alaska's National Forests, and
about 75 percent of this use takes place in the coastal areas
(ISER, 1979). ~his reflects the limited access to inland areas.
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Opportunities for concentrated recreation are not common in
southeast Alaska, primarily because large numbers of users generally
are required to justify the expense of develo~ment. !his need for
more outdoor recreation close to smaller communities is an important
concern of southeast Alaskan residents (ISER, 1979).
Non-resident or tourist use occurs primarily at well-known
recreation areas where sightseeing and interpretive facilities are
popular. ~hese areas are shown in Figure R-1. Areas with developed
recreation facilities such as resorts also draw non-resident use.
~e major form of tourist access to Southeast Alaska are cruise
ships. It is expected that this trend will continue, but with a
slower increase in use than in the past. Tourist use of the state
ferry system is expected to increase moderately as availatle space
and runs increase. Access by air travel is expected to show the
greatest increase (ISER, 1978).
2.2 Regional Issues and Trends
~he attraction of Southeast Alaska as a recreation area is
dependent on a number of issues and trends that have developed
regionally and nationally. Many of these will influence the
direction of recreation on Prince of Wales Island in the future.
These trends and issues are as follows:
1. Total resident recreation demand in the future ~ill grow
slightly faster than the regionts population.
2. Access is perceived as the most important constraint to
participation in recreation activities.
3. Statewide, five of the fastest growing activities are
cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, snowvobiling,
motorboating, and camping.
4. As fuel and energy costs increase, the demand for nearby
areas for recreation will increase. !herefore,
locational factors will begin to receive more emphasis
5.
tl.
toan site factors •
which stimulate the timber
thereby increasing resident
increase the demand for
residents.
Policies
industries,
will also
activities ty
and mineral
populations,
recreational
Non-resident tourist use is directly affected by the
cost of transportation, goods and services, and by the
capacities of the existing ferry system, tour ships, and
commercial airlines and related facilities.
-5-
7. Road-oriented recreation equipment is strongly dependent
on available terry capacity.
8. Demand for off-road vehicle use is expected to increase.
3. RECREATIONAL OPPOR~UNIT!ES OF ~R~ PROJECT VICINITY
3.1 Existigg: Facilities
Very few developed facilities exist on Prince of Wales island.
Tne USFS maintains some cabins on the island and there are a few
private campgrounds. ~he extent of develo~ed facilities within the
private campgrounds is not known. Locations of existing recreation
facilities in the proposed project vicinity are shown on Figure R-2.
The villages have limited recreation facilities. There are a few
lodges located in Craig and Klawock that cater to tourists during
tne summer recreation season, and to government and construction
workers in the off-season.
~he Alaska State Ferry has an unmanned terminal located in
Hollis. 'the ferry from Ketchikan makes runs four times per week.
Most use is presently by local residents. This is not surprising,
since round trip air fare from the island to Ketchikan is
56 dollars, but only 12 to 1b dollars for the ferry (1978 ~rices).
One point of local interest on the island is a military
transport aircraft that crashed in Big Salt Lake some time in 1969.
3.2. Existing Activities
Hunting
Hunting is a popular activity on Prince of Wales island and
most often occurs in close proximity to the marine shoreline. 'the
most popular game animal is the black bear. Bear hunting has two
seasons: S~ring (late April-June) and fall (Septemter-cctober).
Most bear hunting occurs in the spring, peaking in May. A
large percentage of bears taken in the fall season is incidental,
occurring while residents are engaged in other activities. Records
indicate that almost all non-resident hunting in the Ketchikan and
PWI region occurs on Prince of Wales Island. ~he island's
popularity with bear hunters seems to be due to the extensive road
system and the larger size of the black bear there (ADFG, 1979).
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Transportation used by bear hunters in 1979 reflects the
extensive logging road system on Prince of Wales Island. There,
52 percent used road vehicles compared to 10 percent in the
Ketchikan area; 14 percer.t used small airplanes and 33 percent
traveled by boat. The majority of non-resident hunters used air
transportation. These percentages have not changed significantly in
the last four years as shown in the comparison chart in Table R-2.
Overall, bear harvest on the island has increased 32 percent in
the past five years as a result of increased logging activity and
extensions of the road system.
Boating and fishing are two of the most popular recreational
activities on the island, as well as in the region. Eoating and
fishing areas are plentiful due to the many inlets, coves, lakes and
streams. For example, Thorne River, located to the north of the
proposed project is one of the best sport fishing streams in
Southeast Alaska. Fishing is especially popular in the late summer
and fall during the salmon runs. Most of the villages on the island
except Thorne Bay are fishing centers and harbor bases.
Very few developed campgrounds exist on Prince of Wales Island.
There are three designated private campgrounds along the wouth of
Klawock Lake, but no information is available on facilities there.
The USFS maintains some recreation cabins on the island. Most are
located on island lakes and are accessible only by float plane.
Figure R-2 shows the location of the campgrounds and cabins in the
project vicinity.
There are no areas closed to camping on Prince of Wales Island,
but since there are essentially no developed facilities, camping
activities are limited. However, the USFS has published an
excellent touring guide booklet which recommends areas, mainly along
the roads, which can be used as campsites.
Most of the trails on the island started out as logging roads.
The Harris Peak trail, south of Black Bear Lake, is one of the more
prominent trails in the Project vicinity (Figure R-2). The trails
generally receive the highest use during the hunting seasons.
-7-
3.3 Existing Use
Recreation use in most of the Project vicinity, in general,
occurs by hiking, sight seeing from aircraft and recLeational
driving. of these, recreational driving along the Hollis to Klawock
highway receives the heaviest use, as this road is traveled more
than any other road on Prince of Wales Island (USFS 1981).
Existing recreational use of the Black Bear Lake basin is not
extensive because of its general inaccessibility. The USFS reported
that their cabin on Black Bear Lake received 300 visitor days 1/ in
1978, representing approximately 14 percent of the theoretical
seasonal capacity. Visitor use in 1980 totaled 234 visitor days,
with 39 peo~le staying 31 days (USFS 1981). Most of the use at
Black Eear Lake occurs during the months of July through September,
with the cabin being occupied about one-third of the time during
these months. The factor limiting nigher use is the distance by air
from the Ketchikan area (USFS 1981).
Activities taking place in association with the use of the
Black Bear Lake cabin include fishing, hunting and hiking. No use
data are available on fishing in Black Eear Lake. Fishing is
reported to be poor to good (see Chapter VI). The fishing season
is limited by late ice breakup (ADFG 1973). Hunting use is probably
light, since Alaska Department of Fisn and Game (ADFG) data show
that most hunting activity in the region occurs along marine
shorelines and along roads. Hiking and sightseeing are ~rctably the
most popular recreational uses of Black Bear Lake. The steep
mountain slopes, snow-cap~ed peaks and numerous small stream
cascades are attractive photographic subsects. Hiking is ~ossible
in the meadow areas and along grassy ridge to~s, but is generally
difficult because of the rugged and steep topography.
Downstream of Black Bear Lake, recreation use has until
recently been severely limited by the area's general
inaccessibility. Recreational use is expected to increase here in
the future because of improved access due to ?lanned logging
activities. Fishing activities do occur in the lower secticn of the
Black Bear Creek and in Black Lake, but access is difficult because
of the dense shrub growth. There are a number of good fishing
locations in the lower two miles of Black Eear Creek (see
A~pendix E). There is no data on fishing use above Black Lake.
1/ A visitor day is defined as 12 visitor hours which may be
aggregated continuously, intermittently, or simultanecusly by
one or more persons.
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3.4 Planne2 ~nd Potential Recreation Resources
The USFS has no plans to develop recreation facilities on
National Forest land in the immediate vicinity of the Project in the
near future. ~hey do plan to develop campgrounds and picnic areas
on the island eventually, but the locations and schedules have not
yet been established (Johnson 1981). Recreation activities planned
on native lands center around the communities. The community of
Klawock, in their 1980 Economic Development Plan, has proposed
construction of picnic sites and jogging and bicycle paths. Craig
also plans to develop local recreation sites, including a camper
park, playground, cultural facility and bicycle path to Klawock
(OEDPC 1980). Such plans reflect the demand for recreation sites
close to the local communities.
Another recreation facility planned for the future is a fishing
and hunting resort located on state land near SUemez Island south of
Craig. ~he resort will be open in June 1981 and will have an
initial capacity of 50-75 people. Ultimately it will serve 100-125
visitors. The emphasis of the resort is on sport fishing. No road
is planned to connect the resort with the other roads and
communities at this time (Chun, pers. comm.).
Potential recreation opportunities in the study area as shown
in Figure R-2 are based on the USFS's Recreation Cpportunity
Spectrum (ROS) system (USFS 1979). This system defines classes of
potential recreation opportunities in terms of physical, social and
managerial conditions. The opportunity classes range fro~ trailess,
undisturbed areas offering hiking and wilderness experiences to
highly modified urban areas offering concentrated and -developed
recreation activities. These claSSifications, applied to the study
area, serve as a guide for potential recreation opportunities in the
future.
Prince of ~ales Island has much to offer in the way of
recreational opportunities. ~he direction of future recreation
development depends largely on the needs and policies of the local
communities and land owners. listed below are some issues that will
strongly influence recreation use on the island in the future.
1. The ferry service is considered the reason for slow
visitor use increase to the island, because capacity is
limited. Increasing ferry service may increase
recreation use and demand for developed recreation.
2. There is a general lack of recreation in and adjacent to _
the communities.
-9-
3. The local economy and population is beginning to expand,
primarily due to increased logging activity. Road
traffic is expected to double by the year 2000(Alaska
DOT 1979).
4. The increase in roads and road connections is likely to
increase tourism and various existing recreation
activities, notably hunting and fishing.
5. Increased logging activities may adversely affect deer,
bear and fur bearer habitat, resulting in a reduction in
hunting and trapping opportunities.
6. The increase of road development, logging, noise and
discordant visual effects will increase pressures for
recreation in primitive settings, as well as facilitate
concentrated recreation opportunities.
Future recreational use on Prince of wales Island is difficult
to forecast. However, in light of the various regional and local
issues mentioned above, recreational use is expected to increase in
the future. In particular, the road system between Craig, Klawock
and Hydacurg is expected to receive increasing use for recreation -
related activities (USFS 1981). The villages of Prince of Wales
Island and their policies will do much to determine the amount of
future recreation growth, since they are the bases to which tourists
will come.
3.6 Potentials and Limi!ations on Recreation Us~
The most significant limiting factor to recreation use in the
vicinity of the proposed Project has been the general lack of
access. An additional factor limiting recreation potential in the
vicinity of the Project is the steep topography. Recently, logginq
activities have begun in Black Bear Creek valley. As a result,
access has been improved, which will certainly increase the
opportunity for fishing, hunting and hiking. The proposed Project
would further develop access into the valley.
However, logging activities will generally preclude heavy
recreation use cr construction of developed recreation facilities
for some time into the future. The proposed Elack Eear Lake project
could help accomodate the anticipated increased use in dispersed
recreation activities through development of recreation access to
Black Bear Creek and Black Lake. The Project itself will also
attract visitors.
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4. gROPO§!Q RECREATION DEVE~OPMENT
~he recreation related issues, potentials and limitations
discussed above were considered in the formulation of the proposed
Proj€ct recreation development plan.
4.1 proposed Facilities
In light of the points discussed above, it is anticipated that
Black Bear Creek valley will experience some increase in
recreational use with the proposed Project, notably in fishing
activities. This increase is not expected to be s~gnificar.t. ~he
following facilities are proposed to accommodate this expected
increase in use. Figure R-3 shows the proposed recreation
facilities in relation to the other Project facilities and
surroundings.
Fishing and ~Qat Acce~~ to nlac~ Lake
Boat access to Black Lake will be provided by a gravelled ramp
accessible from the proposed Project access road (Figure R-3). ~he
access road will be widened near the boat ramp to provide vehicle
parking. In addit;ion, two picnic tables, a trash receptacle and
simple vault toilet will be provided for the conveniEnce of
visitors ..
If detailed site investigations reveal slope and stability
protlems at the proposed Black Lake boat launch location, the
alternative location shown in Figure R-3 would be used.. Access to
tne alternative site would be via the bridge across Black Creek
which will be necessary for construction and maintenance access to
the proposed transmission line corridor. Other locations along the
Black ~ake access road appear either too steep or too marshy for
development of the boat launch ..
A simple woodchip
Black Bear Creek will
upstream of Black Lake.
the project acc€ss road ..
covered foot trail for fishing access to
be provided approximately one-talf mile
Th€ head of the trail will be lccated on
-11-
Powerhouse Interpretive Displ~ structure
An interpretive display explaining Project facilities and
operation will be placed outside the powerhouse. Visitors will use
the parking spaces ,provided at the powerhouse. The powerhouse will
be closed to visitors except for occasional tours. A ccnceptual
design of the interpretive display is snown in Figure R-3.
No additional recreation facilities are proposed on
Lake. ~he existing USFS cabin will be relocated
reservoir is filled.
4.2 Estimated Recreation US~ with !he Proposed Project
Black Bear
l:;efore the
As a result of construction of the dam on Black Bear Lake,
future recreation use of the USFS cabin may decrease somewhat
because of the reduced potential for a total wilderness ex~erience.
Recreation use in the valley, however, is expected to increase due
to the improvement of access. Recreation use studies done ty Alaska
Power Authority (APA) at, Snettisham Hydroelectric Project (30
air miles from Juneau), and by Ketchikan Public Utilities (RPU) for
the proposed Swan Lake Hydroelectric project (22 air miles from
Ketchikan) have shown that annual recreation use rarely exceeds
200 visitors per year (KPU 1980).
Future recreation use associated with the Black Bear ~ake
Project may be somewhat higher than the APA and KPU use figure would
indicate, since the area would likely receive more local recreation
use from the villages of Klawock and Craig (approximately 13 and
20 road miles from the Project site, respectively). Based on this
information on Black Bear Lake USFS cabin use data, it is expected
that the average recreational use of Black Bear ~ake and the valley
below will not exceed 300 visitors per year for tbe foreseeable
future. It is likely that annual recreation use will remain below
200 visitors per year until logging activities are concluded.
~he recreational development and facilities ~ropcsEd herein
have ceen planned with regard to the magnitude of use discussed
above. ~here does not appear to te, at this time, a need for
extensive develo~ment of recreation facilities in tl:e Elack Bear
Lake area. However, should usage resulting trom the irr~rovEd access
increase ceyond that expected, the Applicant will reevaluate
specific recreational needs and modify the Project Recreation Plan
accordingly, in consultation with communities and agencies
concerned.
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4.3 Project Recreational FaciliEY Cost Estimate, Levelopment
Schedule and Maintenance
Construction of proposed recreation facilities will tegin after
completion of the powernouse and related hydroelectric facilities •
One exception will be the widening cf the access road in the
vicinity of the Black Lake coat access ramp for parking. ~bis will
be done at the time the access road is constructed. All of the
proposed recreation facilities will be constructed within cne year
of the completion of the hydroelectric facilities.
~he total cost of the proposed recreation development,
including 25 percent contingency, is estimated at $28,000. ~his
includes $9,000 for" relocation of the u.s. Forest Service Cabin on
Black Bear Lake. Itemization of the total cost is as fcllc~s:
Item __________________________ _
Boat launch (one-lane, gravelled)
Picnic ~ables & Trash receptacle
vault Toilet
Fishing access trail (woodchip, approx. 2000 sq. ft)
Interpretive Display, Signs and Markers
Misc-site Development (clearing, grading, etc.)
Black Bear Cabin Relocation.
sut-'Iotal
Contingency (+25%)
Total
Estimated Cost
__ .....!1981
5,000
500
2,500
500
4,000
1,000
9,000
22,500
5,500
28,000
widening of
boat launch is not
included in the
could be used as a
the access road for parking near the Black Lake
expected to be extensive and its cost has teen
cost of constructing the access road. This area
turnout during ccnstruction of the Project.
-13-
Little maintenance will be required for the proposed recreation
facilities. periodic maintenance of the proposed facilities, such
as adding woodchips to tne fishing access trail and review of
facilities for vandalism damage, will be conducted by the owner of
the Project. Since maintenance requirements are so low, maintenance
costs were not included in the initial recreation development cost
estimate.
5. CONSULTATION AND COOPERATION WITH FEDERAL, S~A~E ANC LOCAL
AGENCIES
In completing the Proposed Project Recreation Plan, the
follo~ing agencies were consulted.
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1. Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service, Department of ~
the Interior. -2. u.s. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture.
3. Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
4. Alaska State Division of Parks
5. u.s. Fish and wildlife Service, Department of the Interior
6. Sealaska Corporation
7. ~lingit & Haida Regional Electrical Authority
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b. REFERENCES
Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Sport Fisheries (ADFG-
DSF). 1973. Inventory and Cataloging of the Sport fish and
Sport Fish Waters in Southeast Alaska, Black B€ar lake. July
1973.
Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game (ADFG) 1979. Black Bear Harvest and
Hunting Pressure, Survey-Inventory Progress Reports, 1976-
1979. Ketchikan and Prince of Wales, Ketchikan, Alaska.
Chun 1980. Waterfall Development Group.
Fishing R€sort near Suemoz Island.
Barza Engineering.
Development of Hunting and
Personal Communication to
Clark, ~cger N and Robert C. Lucas. 1978. The Forest Ecosystem of
Southeast Alaska. 10. outdoor Recreation and Scenic
Resources. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Ex~. Station.
u.S. Forest Service. USDA Forest Service Gen€ral Technical
Report PNW-oo. 1978. Portland, Oregon. 116 pp.
Division of Economic Enter~rise Department of Commerce & Economic
Development, State of Alaska. March 1978. Alaska Visitor
Industry, a summary. Juneau, Alaska 7p.
Inside Passage, 1980. Southeast Alaska's Visitor Newspaper. Volume
5, No.2, "Tourism up 8-9 Percent."
Institute of Social and Economic Research, University cf Alaska
(ISER). 1978 National Demand for Developed Recreation and
Tourism in Southeast Alaska -An Overvie~. Prepared for U.S.
Forest Service, April 1978.
Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska
(ISER) • 1979 William Alves. Residents and Resources: Findings
of the Alaska Public Survey on the Importance of Natural
Resources to the Quality of life in Southeast Alaska.
Prepared for U.S. Dept. of Agric., Forest service, Region 10.
Johnson, E. 1981. Recreation and Lands Staff Cfficer, OSFS,
Ketchikan. Personal communication to Harza Engineering Co.
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Ketchikan Public Utilities. 1979. Application for License for the
S~an Lake project. Project No. 2911, Exhibit w. ..
Overall Economic Development Plan Committee (OEDPC). 1980 City of
Craig, Alaska Overall Economic Develo~ment Plan Update.
Craig, Alaska, June 1980.
Overall Economic Development Plan Committee (OEDPC). 1980.
Klawock, Alaska Overall Economic Development Plan
Klawock, Alaska, June 1980.
City of
Update
Pacific Rim Planners, Inc. 1977. Craig and Klawock Coastal Zone
Management program Interior Report. Craig and Klawock, Alaska
by PRP Inc., Seattle, washington. Decemter 29, 1977. 121 p.
Planning Support Group, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Lept. of
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the Interior. July 1978. Hydaburg, Alaska Its History, '"
Population and Economy, Report No. 257.
U.S. Forest Service (USFS). 1981. John W. Ruopp letter of 25 Fet.
1981 to G. Volland, Harza Engineering Co. 8 p.
u.S. Forest Service (USFS). 1979. Recreation Op~ortunity Planning
Guidelines for Land and Resource Management Planning (ROS)
Draft. Decemter 1979. U.S. Forest Service, Ketchikan, Alaska.
37 ~.
u.S. Forest Service (USFS). 1979. Tongass Land Manaqement Plan,
Final Environmental Impact Statement, Part 1. Alaska Region,
Forest Service, u.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Juneau, Alaska.
Marct: 1979.
u.S. Forest Service (USFS). No Date. !ouring the Prince of wales
Island Road System. Alaska Region, Forest Service, U.S. Dept.
of Agriculture, Juneau, Alaska. 32 p.
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Table R-l
Reasons for Coming to Southeast Alaska-
Comparison between Regions
Reason for coming to or
remaining a resident of
region
Being close to a wilder-
ness environment
Recreation opportunities
To be self-reliant
Living near the water
Being part of a small
community
Get away from urban
problems
"very important"
or important in
Southeast Alaska
86%
84
84
84
82
79
Good hunting and fishing 78
Chance to be independent,
start something new 78
Long-term economic oppor-
tunity 74
Challenging or exciting job 70
Being near friends and family 61
Immediate income gains 60
South-
east
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Rank
South-
central Interior
3
1
2
11
10
6
8
4
5
7
12
9
4
3
1
12
5
6
9
2
8
7
11
10
Source .•. Institute for Social and Economic Research. University of
Alaska Residents and Resources, Alaska Public Survey
Findings, 1979.
Harvest
Spring
Fa 11
Total
Table R-2
Summarization of Bear Hunting Statistics
for Prince of Wales Island
1976
61
1 8
79
1977
34
1 7
51
Year
1978
44
23
67
1979
47
23
70
Non-Resident
Kill (%) 18 (23%) 12 (24%) 22 (33%) 23 (33%)
Transporta-
tion Used %
Air
Boat
Road Vehicle
34
20
46
24
33
43
32
27
41
14
33
52
Source: Black Bear Survey-Inventory Progress Reports, 1976-
1979. Game Management Units lA and 2, Ketchikan and
Prince of Wales.
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FIGURES --------
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GLACIER BAY NATIONAL MONUMENT ...
NORTH
SCALE 0 15 30 45 MILES
I I I I
\ MENDENHALL GLACIER
••• AIRLINE ROUTES •
o LODGES
m.. NATIONAL MONUMENTS
@ AND/OR SCENIC AREAS
• CAMPGROUNDS
, MAJOR CRUISE SHIP
\ AND FERRY ROUTE
® PROPOSED PROJECT LOCATION
SOURCES: Tonga. National Forest map &
Outdoor Recrution arKi Scenic Resources,
Vol. 10 USFS, 1918.
KETCHIKAN TO SEATILE
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
REGIONAL RECREATION RESOURCES
ATTRACTING NON -RESIDENT USE
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT R. FIGURE 1
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<:)c<
~ "',,~ i-6" '" "'-
1sa1
LEGEND
POTENTIAL RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES*
SEMI-RURAL
LJj ROADED NATURAL APPEARING
(il SEMI PRIMATIVE MOTORIZED
[/ ..... <.] SEMI PRIMITIVE NON -MOTORIZED
ffiIII1Iill SEMI PRIMITIVE
• TRAILLESS
*FROM U.S.F.S. R.O.S. SYSTEM
EXISTING RESOURCES
• U.S.F.S. CABIN
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I I I I
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
EXISTING AND POTENTIAL
RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT R, FIGURE 2
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GENERAL PLAN
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BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
This drawing shows only a conceptual
arrangement of the proposed developments
and must not be construed as the final
design.
ENTRANCE SIGN
PROPOSED PROJECT
RECREATION PLAN
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT R, FIGURE 3
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Appendix I
PROTECTION OF
NATURAL, HISTORIC,
AND SCENIC
FEATURES
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APPENDIX I
PROTECTION OF NATURAL, HISTORIC AND
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Purpose
1.2. Approach
1.3. setting
SCENIC FEATURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. EXISTING CULTURAL/HISTORIC RESOURCES
3. EXISTING VISUAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT
1
1
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3
3
3.1. DescriptiQn of Landscape Character Types 3
3.2. Scenic Quality Evaluation 5
3.3. Visual sensitivity EvalUation 6
3.4. Development of Visual Resource Management Classes 6
3.5. Issue of Unique scenic Resources 14
4. IMPACTS ON SCENIC, HIStORIC AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES
4.1 • Black Bear Lake Impacts
4.2. Downstream Impacts
4.3. Transmission Line Impacts
5. MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
Black Bear Lake
Downstream Mitigation Measures
Transmission Facilities
General Transmission Line Mitigation Guidelines
6 •. CONSULTATION AND COOPERATION WITH FEDERAL, STATE AND
LOCAL AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS
7. REFERENCES
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~ OF TABLES
Landscape Type Scenic Quality Evaluation Chart
Visual Resource Management Class Matrix
g§.! OF FIGURES
Physiographic Province Map
Visual Resource Management Class Map
Proposed Damsite Viewshed Map
Black Bear Lake Overlook Viewshed Map
Mitigation Aspects of the Proposed Development
Project Area Photographs
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APPENDIX !
PROTECTION OF NATURAL, HISTORIC AND
SCENIC FEATURES
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 purpose
The purpose of Appendix I is to describe and evaluate the
natural, historic and scenLC r:esources of the Project Area, and to
design measures to avoid or minimize project-related conflicts with
those r:esources.
1 .2 Approach
The development of Appendix I was based largely on discussion
with the USFS (USFS) and an adaptation of their Visual Resource
Management System (USFS 1974). The Regional Forest District for
Prince of Wales Island had prepared a preliminary visual analysis of
prince of Wales Island. This analysis which formed the basis for
the Appendix was modified to reflect existing and future development
plans as well as profeSSional judgements of APA's consultant.
1.3 setting
Regional
The scenery of Southeast Alaska has often been described as one
of its chief assets. This is primarily due to two features: its
marine setting and its mountains. The hundreds of islands and
broken coastline form many intricate sheltered waterways which
provide outstanding natural features for viewing. Because of the
regional land and water features, land travel is difficult and these
waterways also serve as important travel zones.
Two mountain ranges are r:esponsible for the Southeastern Alaska
landscape character (Figure 1). The eastern range along the
boundary with Canada is part of the Coast Range, whic~ is the
extension of the Cascade MOUntain of Washington. Peak elevations
range from 6,000 to 10,000 ft. msl. Many peaks rise directly from
the sea creating spectacular steep-walled fiords. The second
mountain range is the Pacific Border Range of which the Prince of
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Wales Island is a part. Though smaller than the eastern range, with
elevations ranging between 2,500 and 3,500 ft. msl, it combines with
the countless coves, inlets and points of this island-dominated area
to create a highly scenic environment.
Local
The proposed Black Bear Lake Project on Prince of Wales Island
is located in the southwest region of southeast Alaska. The island,
typical of the southeast Region, is rugged with steep wooded slopes,
numerous water courses and rocky peaks. Prince of Wales Island is
also the only island in Southeast Alaska with a developed road
system which connects the communities of Craig, Klawock, and Thorne
Bay. A planned road extension will soon add the community of
Hydaburg to this system as well.
Logging is the dominant land use of the island. It is also the
strongest visual impact in the region, with old and new clear-cut
areas contrasting with surrounding steep forested slopes. Planned
and potential logging areas are shown in Exhibit 61. This activity,
more than any other, will strongly influence the future visual
character of the island.
The area around Black Bear Lake is visually striking,
characterized by steep wooded slopes, rocky peaks and outcrops,
cascades and waterfalls. The 1,OOO-foot waterfall/cascade from the
lake outlet is particularly scenic, though it is difficult to view
except from immediately downstream of it or from the air. On a
smaller scale, other characteristics also contribute to the scenic
quality of the Black Bear Lake area. These include gnarled
evergreens, numerous wildflowers, ferns, and mosses, the sound of
rushing water, placid meadow pools, and the more temporal
experiences of viewing black bears, eagles and changing patterns of
light on the surrounding slopes. All of these characteristics
together with the area's relative inaccessibility, imparts a rugged,
remote and highly scenic quality to the Black Bear Lake vicinity.
This quality may soon change, however, since logging is planned for
areas in the lower Black Bear Creek valley (Exhibit 61). Since
recreation related activities often follow logging roads, it is
expected that the sensitivity to visual impact in the Black Bear
Creek valley will increase in the future.
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2. EXISTING CULTURAL/HISTORIC RESOURCES
In response to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, an
archeological investigation was undertaken in 1975 by the Sealaska
corporation. A number of sites of historic interest were identified
and documented (Sealaska, 1975). None of the identified sites are
listed on the National Register of Historic Places nor will any be
affected by the proposed Project.
A cultural resource consultant was contracted by the Applicant
to conduct a reconnaissance survey within the project Area. The
consultant concluded that no cultural resources will be adversely
affected by the proposed Project. The consultant's report is
presented as Appendix G.
3. EXISTING VISUAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT
The visual quality assessment, reflects to a large degree the
input of the USFS and their recent visual analysis of the area.
Certain modifications, however, were made based on field work and
professional judgement. For planning purposes, activities known to
occur within five years were included in the analysis process.
These included logging activities, Black Lake road and t~e road
extension to Hydaburg. The assessment 'of the existing visual
quality of the study area consisted of four components: description
of landscape character types, evaluation of the scenic quality, the
visual sensitivity of the area, and the development of visual
resource management classes. These are described below. For a
detailed explanation, the USFS's Landscape Management Report,
Volume 2 should be consulted (USFS 1974).
3.1 Description of Landscape Character Types
In order to evaluate the scenic quality of the general Project
viCinity the area was first broken into units that have similar
landform and vegetation types. Five such units or landscape
character types were identified and are described below.
Rock/Subalpine
Rock/Subalpine areas are prevalent above El. 2,000 ft. msl.
High vertical relief and prominant peaks create a dramatic visual
element against the skyline. The wind-swept trees and subalpine
meadows add variety and contrast to the rock surroundings. The
presence of lakes, waterfalls and cascades, significantly enhance
the visual character of these landscape types.
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Within these areas, views are strongly enclosed, with emphasis
on spatially defined edges. Viewed from a distance, these landscape
types dominate the vista.
Muskeg/Forest
Muskeg/Forest is one of the. more extensive landscape types in
the area. The landform is flat to hummocky with few visually
dominant elements. water bodies, when present add interest. Muskeg
vegetation, dominated by low shrubs, mosses and grasses, creates an
open landform which presents long views to adjacent landscap~ types.
Viewed from a distance, the openings provide contrast to the
forested surroundings but because of their frequency they tend to
become visually monotonous.
Shoreline
The Shoreline landscape type extends from the water's edge to
the first ridge top. Its landform ranges from flat to steep with
steep forested slopes dominating. The numerous coves and inlets
create a sinuous shoreline that added visual interest to this
landscape type. Views, depending on location, range from open to
enclosed. Because-of the dominant role the water plays in
transportation in these regions, the shoreline landscape type tends
to contain the majority of man-made modifications.
Valley
The Valley landscape type extends from sea level to about
500 feet in elevation. They are generally forested except where
clear-cutting has 'occurred. Many of these openings contrast with
the continuous forest cover adding visual interest. Streams and
lakes, when present, tend to be visual focal pOints adding
additional contrast and visual interest.
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steep Forested Slopes
The Steep Forested Slopes of the region act as a transition
elemen~ tying the valley and the ridge tops together. The
continuous forest cover is sometimes broken by harvested patches
which adds visual contrast. Water, when present, is in the form of
cascades and waterfalls creating a strong visual attraction. The
steep forested slopes, when viewed from a distance, tend to become
monotonous, directing views towards other landscape types. In close
proximity to the steep slopes, this landscape type tends to direct
views up and down the valleys and saddles.
3.2 Scenic Quality Evaluation
scenic quality is perhaps best described as the
impression one retains after driving or walking through, or
over an area.
overall
flying
The project vicinity was classified into the three scenic
quality classes defined below:
Class A: Areas that combine the more outstanding or uncommon
characteristics of the region.
Class B: Areas that contain variety, but tend to be common
throughout the region.
Class C: Areas whose features have little change in form, line,
color or texture, or areas that have been greatly
disturbed through cultural modifications.
The project vicinity was mapped as Class A, B, or C scenic quality
by evaluating the landscape character types according to seven
criteria. These criteria were landform, vegetation, water form,
color, adjacent scenery influence, scarcity, and cultural
modification. With the exception of the Rock/Subalpine landscape
type, the landscape types included more than one scenic quality
class, as shown in Table V-1. Selection of the scenic quality class
for these landscape types depended on the characteristics and
spatial arrangement of the seven criteria with respect to the
Project vicinity.
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3.3 Visual sensitivity Evaluation
Although landscapes do have distinguishing elements that can be
objectively measured, there is still a subjective dimension to
landscape aesthetics because of perceptual attitudes and personal
values of individuals. These viewers' concerns are an important
consideration in evaluating visual impacts of a proposed Project.
Evaluation of the visual sensitivity of the Project vicinity was
based on the visibility of the area from travel routes, recreation
sites and overlooks. In addition, assumptions were made as to the
viewer's concern for scenic quality. Viewing distances were also
considered. Three levels of visual sensitivity resulted.
The highest visual sensitivity areas (level one) included the
areas viewed from the campsites around Black Bear Lake and Klawock
Lake, areas viewed from the water (since this tends to be the most
frequent form of travel), and areas viewed from the Hollis to
Klawock road and proposed Hollis to Hydaburg road. These two routes
were considered primary travel routes since they connect communities
with the ferry route and it was assumed that the majority of users
have a major concern for scenic quality. This is not the case with
the Big Salt road which is used primarily for logging purposes.
Moderate visually sensitive areas (level two) included areas viewed
along secondary travel routes by visitors with a high concern for
scenic quality, or along primary travel routes viewed by few
visitors with a major concern for scenic qualities. Areas of low
visual sensitivity (level three) are those areas that are seldom
viewed from the use areas and travel routes.
3.4 Visual Resource Management Classes
The final development of the visual quality assessment combined
the scenic quality and visua1 sensitivity components. The resu1ting
combinations were given a visual resource management (VRM) class,
derived as shown in the matrix in Table V-2. The VRM classes ranged
from Class I which are designated wilderness areas, national
monuments or recreation areas, to Class V which are areas of low
scenic quality and low visual sensitivity such as logging clearcuts.
No VRM Class I areas are impacted by the proposed Project. Each VRM
class is accompanied by a visual quality objective as defined by the
USFS's VRM system. These are as follows:
Retention. Activities should repeat the form, line, color and
texture which are frequently found in the characteristic landscape.
Changes should not be visually evident.
Partial Retention. Activities may introduce form, line, color, and
texture found i~frequently in the characteristic landscape but they
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should remain visually subordinate to the visual strengtt of the
characteristic landscape.
Modification. Activities may visually dominate the characteristic
landscape but their visual characteristics should be compaticle with
the natural surroundings.
Maximum Modification. Activities may visually dominate the
characteristic landscape. When viewed in foreground or middleground
distances they may not appear to borrow from naturally established
form, line, color or texture.
The resultant VRM classes were mapped in Figure V-2 and then
used to assess the potential visual impacts of the proposed Project.
The VRM classes for the Project vicinity are described below, with
respect to their characteristic landscape.
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CLASS II
VALLEY/STREAM/LARE
ASSOCIATION
View of Harris River
from Hydaburg Road
Description. Flat low land areas with mixed vegetation adding
contrast and variety. Steep wooded slopes define edges and enclose
visibility by directing views up and down the valley corridor with
focus on streams and lakes. Scenic quality is mostly moderate.
Visual sensitivity, because of road system, is high.
Significance. These areas act as principle travel corridors so that
any development here would have the greatest likelihood of being
viewed. waterforms are strong visual elements in the landscape and
developments in proximit·y to them are visually vulnerable. ihe VRM
quality objective is retention. Changes should not be evident in
the landscape. Contrast may be seen, but should not be evident.
Change Potential. Because of the variety in form, line, color and
texture the ability of the landscape to visually absorb certain
developments is moderate to high. Developments that can repeat the
basic elements and landscape character would be compatible. Because
trees are often growing close to the roads, effective screening of
developments in areas is possible.
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CLASS II
ROck/Subalpine
Association
View of southeast
'end of
Black Bear Lake
Description. Dramatic, high-walled rock, often snow capped and
dropping to a subalpine forest and/or meadow. Great contrast and
variety in land form, vegetation patterns and water. Views are
strongly enclosed because the very steep slopes and openings provide
dramatic views across the valleys. From a distance, this complex
dominates the visual landscape by providing landmarks.
Significance. These areas represent the highest relief and most
rugged landscape on the island. Visitor preference for this
land~cape type is very high, therefore, visual sensitivity is high.
The rock/subalpine complex is highly scenic and the VRM quality
objective is retention.
Change Potential. The capability of this association to visually
absorb disturbances is relatively low. Lakes tend to focus views
across to the steep slopes which readily show disturbances.
converging landforms tend to focus views at the apex, and in
general, disturbances will be more readily perceived due to the
viewer's increased awareness of the surroundings. Water levels
could be increased with little perceived change, but developments
would be hard to deSign so as to not be evident or attract
attention.
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CLASS II
SHORELINE/ESTUARY
Typical shoreline
view along Prince
of Wales Island
Description. The shoreline with its numerous undulations creates
many areas of visual interest. The different landforms adjacent to
the water creates a variable edge that is highly imageable. This
water edge is most dynamic, acting as a strong attractive force
visually.
Significance. These areas, for the most part, have a higt scenic
quality. Visual sensitivity tends to be quite high since travel by
boat is the principle mode of transportation in these inaccessable
regions. The VRM objective is retention with the exception of areas
around communities where cultural modifications have reduced the VRM
objective to Class III, Partial Retention.
Change Potential. The combination of steep forested slopes
descending directly to the water, and the visually sensitive water
edge makes development in compliance with the management class in
these areas difficult. Extreme care and adherence to deSign and
mitigation principles should be taken if development is attempted.
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CLASS III
SLOPE/vALLEY
Typical wooded slopes.
Old clear-cut area
viewed from road to Hollis
Description. VRM Class III areas are primarily steep wooded slopes
and valley areas that are quite common throughout. Scenic quality
is moderate with moderate to high visual sensitivity. Small
developments may be present such as logging and recreation land
uses. This class also encompasses areas of high scenic quality with
low visual sensitivity as well as areas of low scenic quality with
high visual sensitivity. (see VRM class matrix, Table V-2).
Significance. The VRM objective of Class III areas is partial
retention. Contrasts to the basic elements (form, line, color,
texture) caused by an activity may be evident and begin to attract
attention in the landscape. However, the changes should remain
subordinate to the visual strength of the characteristic landscape.
Change Potential. The majority of Class III areas have steep slopes
with uniform vegetation cover. Blending development activities with
the characteristic landscape in these areas is difficult.
Exceptions are areas in the valley and areas where developments now
exist. Certain developments would be possible with the use of
special design and mitigation methods.
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CLASS IV
SLOPE/MUSREG/vALLEY
Typical valley,
slope, muskeg
association by
Hydaburg.
Description. Class IV areas consist of a mix of landscape character
types that tend to fall into two categories: those areas of moderate
scenic quality with low visual sensitivity, and areas of low scenic
quality with moderate sensitivity. The latter category for the most
part are logged areas that are within foreground and middleground
distance zones.
Significance. The VRM objective of Class IV areas is termed
modification. Contrasts may attract attention and be a dominant
feature of the landscape in terms of scale. The changes, however,
should borrow from the natural visual elements in such a way as to
be visually compatible with the natural surroundings.
Change Potential. Most developments deSignated in Class IV areas
should have little trouble in meeting VRM objectives as long as they
are designed with the surrounding landscape characteristics in mind.
Areas with lower visual absorption capabilities such as slopes will
be more difficult to develop within VRM objectives.
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Description.
designation:
quality and
the landscape
needed.
CLASS V
SLOPE/MUSKEG/vALLEY
Class V areas similarly fall into two categories of
areas of flatter topography that are low in scenic
seldom seen, and areas where the natural character of
has been disturbed to a point where rehabilitation is
Significance. Class V areas have a VRM objective of maximum
modification. Here, activities may take place in order to add
acceptable visual variety to the area as in the first category, or
as in the second category to upgrade a disturbed area in order to
bring it back into character with its surroundings. In the latter
case,. the VRM objective may be tentative until another VRM objective
is reached. Activities may dominate the characteristic landscape
when viewed in the foreground or middleground, but should blend with
the characteristic landscape when viewed as background.
Change Potential. Developments designated in Class V areas should
have little trouble meeting the VRM objective.
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The Black Bear Lake area is considered highly scenic as
evidenced from many of the log entries in the USFS visitor cabin.
However. while its value as a scenic resource is considered high. it
is not unique to the Southeast region in the sense that it has
national significance or scarcity as a one-of-a-kind resource.
since areas of similar quality exist in closer proximity to major
tourist route's and population areas. However, it is the view of the
USFS Tongass National Forest Ketchikan office that "Black Bear Lake,
due to its alpine location with hiking access to a large amount of
alpine high country. is unique to this area of Southeast Alaska.
There are very few other lakes that offer this recreation
opportuni ty. (See Appendix J). "
,Adverse impacts to the visual and historic resources have been
avoided to the extent feasible throughout the planning of the
prQpOsed 'Projec~.,: However, total concealment of such a Project is
impossiple and ' Solne impacts will occur. The most significant
adverse visual impact will be on the perceived "wild" character of
the area as it now exists. This could change, however, depending on
future logging activities in Black Bear Valley. Such activities
would reduce th~ significance of the visual impact resulting from
const~uctioo of the proposed Project facilities. No known historic
sites would 'be affec~ed by development of the proposed Project.
Adverse project impacts on existing recreational resources will be mini~al ~s most recreational activities are of a dispersed-nature
and f.ew facilities exist. Recrea tion use of the Elack Bear Lake
area 'and USF'S cabin will be disrupted during the Project
const~uction period. The cabin will be relocated before reservoir
filling is co'mpieted so that recreational use of it can continue
after Project construction. Potential visual impacts from the
construction and operation of the Project facilities are described
be19w.
Public access to Black Bear Lake and its immediate area will be
restricted during construction of the dam for safety reasons. This
will limit visual impacts of the area during construction. However,
construction related activities would be visible from aircraft whiCh
are used often in the region. creating short-term visual impacts.
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Construction related features, primarily spoil and topsoil
stockpiles, the construction staging area and the cleared reservoir
area will also be visible from the air. These too will be
short-term visual impacts, since after construction they would
either be utilized for mitigation or inundated by the reservoir.
Long-term visual impacts in the vicinity of the Black Eear Lake
will result from the construction of the dam and intake structure
and the increased lake level. The increased lake level will
necessitate relocation of the USFS cabin approximately 100 feet up
slope of its present location. The visual impact of the dam on the
cabin viewshed will not be extensive since the dam is nearly
1.5 miles distant and largely screened from view by the existing
topography as shown by the dam's viewshed in Figure V-3. A portion
of the right abutment of the dam may be visible from the existing
cabin site but through relocation, impact on the cabin's view shed
may be avoided.
The proposed reservoir will inundate all but eight vertical
feet of the dam at normal maximum reservoir elevation. This will
increase to 38 vertical feet at the minimum reservoir elevation
creating a strong visual impact, especially from the water surface
in the vicinity of the dam. Much of the area visually im~acted by
dam is very rugged and receives little recreational use. This
effectively limits views of the dam to the immediate area. The
majority of visual impacts of the dam and related facilities will
occur from the air. These will be attenuated, however, because of
viewing angle and distance. The magnitude of the dam's visual
impact will be further reduced since the spoil, used for the
construction staging area, will be used to cover the left dam
abutment for stability purposes.
Increasing the lake level 35 feet (normal maximum elevation)
will not present a significant visual impact since there would be
few visual references with which to discern the water elevation
change. The majority of vegetation in the reservoir area will be
cleared and, therefore, dead standing vegetation will not be a
visual impact along the reservoir. Clearing operations would be
done according to mitigation guidelines described in Section 5 of
thie Appendix in order to further reduce visual impacts.
OQeration
operation of the Project will result in an average daily
reservoir level fluctuation of one foot vertically. This will not
present a significant visual impact in most areas because the
generally steep slopes minimize the amount of exposed shore. This
visual impact will become more noticeable in the vicinity of the
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USFS cabin since the slopes flatten out there, creating a potential
daily fluctuation of approximately five feet horizontally.
Overall, construction and operation of Project facilities in
the vicinity of Black Bear Lake would be viewed from a very
localized and infrequently used area. The magnitude of their visual
impact therefore is small. The significance of the visual impact
however, will be quite high. The introduction of a large-scale
manmade element with a visually dominant straight edge, into a
highly scenic and natural setting, Oreates a strong visual impact.
This would not meet the visual. quality objective of retention
associated with VRM Class II as defined in the visual quality
assessment study in Section 3 of this Appendix and mapped in
Figure V-2.
4.2 Downstream Impacts
Faciliti~ and Construction
Project facilities of the Black Bear Lake Project occurring in
the area immediately downstream of the dam include the powerhouse,
switchyard area, channel modification, transmission line, access
road and penstock discharge portal. The penstock itself will be
undergroUnd presenting no visual impact. Construction activities in
and around the area will be highly visible from the air presenting a
significant though short-term visual impact.
Construction of the access road would increase road traffic and
equipment noise in the area. These impacts too will be short-term,
occurring for the duration of the construction period only.
Construction of the proposed facilities mentioned above will
permanently change the natural character of the area. The
powerhouse, switchyard and support areas will require grading and
the cutting of forested areas. The access road, construction
staging area and downstream diversion will visually impact portions
of Black Bear Creek between the powerhouse and outlet portal, from
stream channelization and grading. Soil removed from the
construction of the penstock will be used as aggregate or in
construction of the access road. If the penstock spoil is not
suitable for aggregate a section of the stream between the
powerhouse and outlet portal would possibly be utilized. This would
significantly modify that stream section.
The visual impacts resulting from development of the Project
facilities downstream of the dam will be modestly significant
because they interrupt the visual integrity of a continuous steep
forested slope in a generally undeveloped area.
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These impacts are very localized however because the proposed
facilities will be screened from most viewing positions in the area
except from the air. Therefore, the visual quality objective of
partial retention defined for this area could be maintained.
Exceptions to this will be a portion of the access road and
transmission line in the vicinity of Black Lake. These will visibly
impact the valley overlook from Black Bear Lake (Figure V-4).
Compliance with the retention visual quality objective defined for
this area as viewed from the overlook would be unlikely.
Operation
The greatest visual impact associated with the proposed Project
operation would be the loss of the Black Bear Lake waterfall.' The
stream falls and cascades for over a thousand vertical feet creating
a highly scenic attraction. Operation of the proposed Project will
prevent flows over the falls, except during times of high rainfall
or snowmelt when flows are released over the spillway. This impact
will be most noticeable from the air since the falls are screened
from most viewing positions on the ground. Additional aesthetic
impacts will be the loss elf the natural noise and spray from the
falls. These will be replaced by the sound of the discharge from
the powerhouse associated with a manmade development. While
opportunities for viewing the waterfall presently are not great due
to the area's inaccessibility, such opportunities will increase as
access opens the area to recreation-related use. Elimination of the
falls removes a future recreation/viewing opportunity of a highly
scenic attraction and therefore must be considered a significant
visual impact.
4.3 Transmission Line Impact~
Transmission Line Ro'!~Jn9
The significance of vislJal impacts resulting from the location
of the transmission corridor were based on the degree of the
corridor's compatibility with the visual resource management classes
shown in Figure V-2. The strongest visual impacts occur in the VRM
Class II areas. Here, high scenic quality, viewer sensitivity or
both are evident. Rerouting in the planning stages was done where
feasible to avoid these areas, but some conflicts were unavoidable.
The strongest visual impact occurs in the section from the
powerhouse to the bend at Black Lake. Here, the construction of the
transmission line and powerhouse access road intrude upon the highly
scenic character of the valley which is visible from the dominant
viewpoints of Black Bear Lake. Additional visual impacts to
-17-
,'UJi;'UI(
Class II areas occur where the transmission line parallels the
roadways. These are the areas of highest visual sensitivity.
Generally however, the overall impact of the transmission line along
the roads is lessened because of the roadway'S existing developed or
disturbed nature. Potential for significant visual impacts within
these areas do occur in the Klawock Lake and Klawock to Craig
shoreline vicinity where the line may be placed on the waterside of
the road, due to physical constraints on the lands ide. The views
across lakes and bays are very scenic and routing of the
transmission line should be kept to the landside of the road, if
possible. Also certain areas along the shore between Craig and
Klawock contain no trees and placement of poles here may increase
the potential of eagles perching on the facilities.
One
Hydaburg.
waterway,
slope.
additional impact to Class II areas may occur north of
Here, the tranmission line may impact views from the open
if the proposed road extension traverses the shoreline
with the exceptions noted above, most of the visual quality
objectives of the visual resource management classes through which
the transmission line passes can be met. Generally, the majority of
visual impacts from transmission line routing result from the linear
edges of the corridor rather than the facilities themselves. Many
of these impacts will be reduced through the application of
mitigation measures identified in the next section. Potential
adverse impacts of the transmission line to historic resources have
been avoided in the planning stages.
Transmission Facilities and Construction
Visual impacts resulting from transmission facilities have been
kept to a minimum with the exception of the visual intrusion of the
switchyard from the Black Bear Lake overlook. The wooden pole
design with its vertical line arrangement minimizes the impact from
clearing. The right-of-way (ROW) width required is a maximum of
40 feet, plus the selective removal of danger trees. Visual impacts
resulting from the ROW will be minimized through the application of
mitigation guidelines described in Section 5 of this Appendix. The
40-50 foot pole length will also remain below the height of most
trees, further reducing visual impacts. The Klawock sutstation,
located near the Big Salt-Hollis Road intersection, will use natural
vegetation and architectural treatment to reduce its visual impact
from the roadways.
Construction of the transmission line will present a
significant visual impact along the high visibility roads due to the
presence and numbers of various construction-related equipment and
activities. Generally, these impacts will be short-term, occurring
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for the duration of the construction period. Longer term visual
impacts resulting from construction activities will occur where tree
clearing and slope cuts are visible. Mitigation measures described
in the next section will be applied to these areas when a~plicable
to reduce the significance of the impacts.
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5. MITIGATION AND ENHANCEME~ MEASURES
5.1 Black Be~ Lake.
Significant visual impacts to the Black Bear Lake area will
result primarily from construction of the proposed dam and clearing
of vegetation within the expected reservoir operation range.
Measures to mitigate the strong linear edge resulting from the
cleared vegetation will involve clearing in an irregular pattern to
reflect a more natural-appearing setting-. Most of the vegetation in
areas only periodically inundated will be retained. In addition,
smaller understory vegetation within the reservoir operation range
will be left where posssible. This will minimize erosion, reduce
visual contrast and may improve fish habitat which would benefit
fishing opportunities in the reservoir.
Approximately 60 acres of the Black Bear Lake shoreline will be
impacted by clearing operations. However, only 23 acres will
involve heavy clearing of timber. Most of the vegetation that is
cut will be floated to a site in the construction staging area and
burned or chipped. This will then be spread with topsoil spoil for
revegetation purposes or used as mulch. No access roads for
clearing operations will be located above elevation 1685 ft. msl,
the minimum reservoir elevation.
Disturbed areas adjacent to the dam will be revegetated soon
after construction if cover material is available to reduce erosion
and visual contrast. These areas will be regraded as close to
existing contours as possible. If revegetation is not possible, the
area should be covered with a mulch or asphalt emulsion to reduce
the visual contrast resulting from construction.
The proposed concrete dam will create a strong contrast in
texture and form against the surrounding natural setting. While
this will present a significant visual impact to an otherwise
natural area, its long horizontal form creates a visual contrast
that is interesting in itself. To further reduce the dam's
contrasting features formwork could be used to add texture to the
surface. Also, brown-pigmented concrete would reflect some of the
natural fracture lines and colors of the surrounding rock.
5.2 Downstream MitiqatiQQ Measures
Powerhouse, Switchyard an~ Related Facilities.
The powerhouse, switchyard
located at the head of a valley.
curve around the structures,
and related facilities have been
Here, the steep wooded slopes
limiting visual access and reducing
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their apparent scale by providing a backdrop for the facilities t
blend against. Specific mitigation measures involve varying cut an
fill slopes where possible to more readily reflect naturall
occurring conditions. Revegetation of areas will involve spreadin
with available stockpiled topsoil and seeding with native species
Transplanting of native shrubs and small trees around the Projec
facilities may be done to further screen and reduce visual contras
with the surroundings. If sufficient topsoil material is no
available or revegetation is not likely, construction scars and cu
and fill slopes should be mulched or sprayed with an asphal
emulsion to reduce the apparent visual contrast in color.
The lack of flow over the falls is the most significan
downstream visual impact resulting from operation of the Project
Because of the shape and height of the falls, even a small amount 0
water over it creates a dramatic visual effect. This adverse impac
will be interrupted periodically when periods of highflo~s excee
the· normal maximum reservoir elevation and spillage occurs. N
mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the visual impact to th
falls.
construction ~aging Ar~ and Access Road
The construction staging area located in the stream corrido
upstream of the powerhouse site will present a strong short-ter
visual impact from the air. It is expected that little clearin
other than shrub growth will be required. Following construction
the portion of the construction area not needed for storage an
maintenance will be regraded to reflect the natural surroundings
Available stockpiled topsoil will be spread and the area reseede
~ith native species or mulched to reduce the visual contrast of th
construction area with the surroundings. As ~ith logged areas, i
is expected that the area wil~ naturally revegetate itself wit
species that originally existed there.
Construction of the access road will involve cut and .fil
slopes. These wi~l be kept to a minimum and seeded and mulched t
reduce their visual contrast. Cut slopes will be rounded instead 0
sharp angled in order to appear more like natural landforms. Th
edges of clearings along the roadway will be irregular, in order t
reflect natural occurrences. All slash from the vegetation remova
will be removed from the roadside and buried or chipped and used a
mulch. The alignment of the road itself will conform ~ith th
natural landforms in order to appear as visually compatible a
possible.
-21-
Additional migitigation measures that will be utilized to
reduce adverse visual impacts during and after construction of the
project facilities are described below:
1. ~o prevent siltation of the stream during construction,
erosion and sedimentation control measures will te used.
These will consist of temporary diversion channels, settling
ponds and efficient and careful construction techniques.
2. Existing vegetation that can be saved
vicinity of the Project facilities will be
damage during construction.
in the immediate
protected from
3. The visual contrast of the powerhouse can te reduced by
adqing texture through formwork and adding pigment to the
concrete to darken it. The roof of the powerhouse could be
darkened by painting, or a facade could be constructed to
reduce its visual contrast from the air.
4. Only the vegetation that presents a hazard to the switchyard
lines and structures will be removed. Vegetation u~slope of
the switchyard will be topped instead of removed.
5. Cut slopes will be re-seeded with native plant material as
soon as practical to reduce erosion and visual contrast.
6. ~he construction staging area will avoid a rectangular
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shaped boundary to reduce the apparent visual impact ..
resulting from contrast with surrounding landforms.
5.3 Transmission Facilities
In planning the transmission route, much has been done to
reduce or avoid potential adverse impacts. ~his will continue
throughout the final design and construction phases of the Project
development. This work will be accomplished in close coordination
with the USFS, other concerned agencies, Project landowners and the
local communities.
An attempt has been made to blend the transmission line into
the surrounding landscape by appropriate use of shape, size,
texture, and location. By doing so, its visibility is reduced and
impacts to environmentally sensitive areas are minimized. In
adhering to this objective, APA has consulted guidelines established
by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), USFS and the
u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).
While
facilities
applied in
switchyard
total concealment ·of transmission lines and related
is impossible, some basic mitigative objectives can be
order to make them less obstrusive. The proposed Project
and substations will be so located as to take advantage
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of screening from existing vegetation. Disturbed areas around them
will be planted after construction with native vegetation to
complete the screening effect. Along the transmission line route,
adverse visual impacts will be minimized through selective siting of
poles to take advantage of natural screening such as behind trees
and knolls and below ridges. Construction of the line away from
roadsides will utilize all-terrain vehicles to minimize adverse
impacts to these areas. Construction along roadsides and streams
will adhere to measures which will reduce soil erosion and avoid
degrading stream edges and water quality. A logging plan for the
removal and storage of merchantable timber cleared from the
transmission corridor will be coordinated between the contractor and
landowners. Slash disposal will be kept to a minimum through
clearing techniques described below. Small piles that can be
adequately screened from view may be left for wildlife enhancement.
Others will be piled and burned or chipped in a controlled and
acceptable manner.
S.4 General Transmission Li~ Mitigation Guidelines
The following mitigation guidelines were selectively identified
from guidelines developed by the FERC, USFS and others. Many of
them are keyed to points of application shown on the maps in
Figures V-S to V-7. Photographs and sketches of certain areas along
the route are also keyed to these maps, and are included at the end
of this report.
Incor~oration of these mitigation guidelines will assure that
the natural, historic, scenic and recreational values of the area
are protected to the fullest extent feasible.
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R1. Rights-of-Way (ROW'S) should avoid sites of high visibility
such as prominent ridges lakes and streams. They should avoid
heavily timbered areas, steep slopes and proximity to main
roads where possible.
R2. Transmission ROW's should avoid paralleling rivers and streams
since these are heavily used wildlife corridors.
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R3. Select a route that will maximize the use of natural screens to ,,",'
remove transmission facilities from view.
Rq. Unobtrusive sites should be selected where possible for the
location of substations and like facilities.
RS. The joint use of ROW'S with other types of utilities should b~
coordinated in a common corridor wherever uses are compatible.
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R6. In rough or very hilly country, change the alignment _
continuously in keeping with the scale of topographic change.
CURVED TO FIT TOPOGRAPHY
IN MOUNTAIN AREA&. -
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Ra.
tt hn
Avoid alignments which result in long views of transmission
lines parallel to highways. Locate transmission alignments at
sufficient distance from the highway that intervening vertical
elements will interrupt the view down the transmission lines.
Locate transmission alignments along natural linear features
such as the bottom of a ridge, valley or cliff, or along the
edges of muskeg openings, instead of centering down the middle.
A center alignment focuses attention on the utility, while
there is minimum visual disturbance if the alignment follows
the edge of landform change. The background vegetation and
topography of the slope serve as an effective visual screen,
since lines and poles blend against their texture.
POOR LOCATIOIt PIIEFERRED
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R9. ROW's should not cross hills and other high points at the
crests or perpendicular to the contours. Where ridges are
adjacent to highways, the ROW should be placed beyond the ridge
or downslope so that facilities are not silhouetted against the
sky and tunnel effects are avoided.
ALIGNMENT ON CREST PR GNMENT-AWAY
CREATES A STRONG VISUAL IMPACT. FROM THE CREST AND LAKE.
Rl0. ROW's through forest areas should be deflected and follow
irregular patterns. This will prevent the rights-of-way from
appearing as tunnels cut through the timber.
DOWN ROW.
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VIEW LIMITED BY CHANGE
IN ALIGNMENT.
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C2.
C3.
Transmission Line Construction (£)
Trees and other vegetation
public view should be disposed
trees and other vegetation
pollution regulations should
stumps which are adjacent to
view should be cut close to the
cleared from ROW's in areas of
of .without undue delay. If
are burned, local fire and air
be observed. Unsightly tree
roads and other areas of public
ground or removed.
Clearing shall be performed in a manner which will maximize
preservation of natural beauty, conservation of natural
resources, and m1n1m1ze marring and scarring of the landscape
or silting of streams.
Clearing and construction activities in the vicinity of streams
should be performed in a manner to minimize as much as
possible, damage to the natural condition of the area. Machine
clearing should not be permitted within 100 feet of any stream
ted.
C4. The use of helicopters for the construction on ROW's should be
considered on the steep slopes, where all-terrain vehicles
cannot be used.
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C5. Clearing of natural vegetation should be limited to that
material which poses a hazard to the transmission line. On
slopes, clearing should be limited on the downslope side in
order to screen the upslope edge created by clearing.
Selective thinning and topping shall be done to remove danger
trees.
C T .... in CJId..growth _ ..., ..... 1110 fwt. requirint 1M .
topping _ to be utillldld out )
C6. The angle at which transmission lines cross major roadways
Should be as near to perpendicular as possible to allow for
maximum setback of line stuctures and minimum visibility from
the roadway into the ROW on each side. Long spans should be
used in order to preserve existing vegetation along the
roadside. The same should be done where the ROW enters a
wooded area from open land. Retention of existing material is
preferable to replanting.
PLAN VIEW
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C7. Where the transmission line must parallel the roadway, vary the
ROWand create openings in the forest edge. This reduces the
visual impact from the linear form of the transmission line,
and ROW edge.
PlAN VIEW
ca. In locating transmission lines through wooded zones, preserve
within the ROW as mucn vegetation as possible in crder to
reduce tunnel effect. Achieve a natural and random tapering
down of forest edge through careful installation and selective
thinning and topping to reduce the sheared-edge effect. The
notched affect of a ROW cross section should be avoided.
MEDIUM SIZE TREES EXTEND INTO
ROW IN IMMEDIATE AREA Of POLES
_...wttEI1IE LINE SAG. IS LEAST.
SELECTIVE THINNING OF EXISTING
EES AT RIGHT -OF·WAY EDGE.
-.nu.".FIED ROW ~~;;!!II
ACCESS PROVIDED VIA A
ZONE rN RIGHT-OF-WAY KEPT FREE
OF SUBSTANTIAL WOODY VEGETATION.
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VEGETATION
CROSS-SECTION CREATING
"TUNNEL EFFECT".
--------_._ .. _. '----------------------------~----.... -..... ~-",.-'"""~"
C9. If the transmission line must cross valleys. particularly .... ,
stream corridors, the use of longer spans and taller poles
should be considered in order to retain as much existing ..
vegetation as possible and to reduce construction im~acts to
the slopes.
.------
Cl0. Certain conductors can be highly reflective and produce a
highly visible line across the landscape under the right light
conditions. ~e visibility of the conductor from a distance
can almost be eliminated by using a non-reflective or
non-specular cable.
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'Iransmission Lin.~ Management and Maintenance (MM)
MM1. Native vegetation, particularly that of value to fish and
wildlife, which has been saved through the construction process
and which does not pose a hazard to the transmission line
should be allowed to grow on the ROW.
MM2.
MM3.
MM4.
If the natural vegetation cannot be effectively saved to
provide an adequate screen, trees and shrubs native to that
area should be planted to ultimately provide the necessary
screening. Considerations should be given to the estat1ishment
of native vegetation of value as food and cover for wildlife.
Dispose of debris by Chipping and shredding. After reduction
in this manner the materials can be dispersed to serve as
mulch. rather than burned.
Brush or small trees
be piled in a way to
animals and birds.
public view.
cleared and not otherwise disposed of may
provide cover habitat for small game
Sucn brush piles should be screened from
MMS. The time and method of clearing ROW's should take into account
soil stability. the protection of natural vegetation, and the
protection of adjacent resources. such as the protection of
natural habitat for wildlife and appropriate measures for the
prevention of silt deposition in water courses.
MM6. Aerial and ground maintenance inspection activities of the
transmission line facility shall include observations of 'soil
erosion problems, fallen timber and conditions of the
vegetation. The use of aircraft to inspect and maintain
transmission facilities should be encouraged.
In general. the guidelines mentioned above are subject to
adjustment according to judgements of the various landowners across
wnose lands the transmission line may be routed.
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6. CONSULTA~ AND COOPERATION ~ FEDERAL, STATE ~ND LOCA~
AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATI~
In completing
historic and scenic
consulted:
the proposed Project protection of natural,
features plan, the following agencies were
1. USFS
2. u.S. Fish and Wildlife service
3. Retchikan Public utilities
4. ~lingit and Haida Regional Electrical Authority
5. Alaska Department of Fish and Game
6. Sealaska Corporation
Documentation of consultations with these agencies can be found
in Chapter VI of this report.
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7.
Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Upland Visual Resource Inventory
and Evaluation 8411 Manual. U.s. Dept. of the Interior. 1978.
Galvin, ~, K.D. Hoover and M.L. Avery. 1979. Management of
transmission line rights-of-way for fish and wildlife. Vol. 1.
Background information. USDI/FWS/OBS-79/22, 168 pp.
Harris, A.S. et al. 1974. The forest ecosystem of Southeast Alaska.
1. The setting. USDA-Forest serve Tech. Rept PNW-12. Portland,
Cregon.
Federal Power-Commission (FPC). 1980. Commission Order No. 414 of
27 November 1970.
Litton, R. Burton Jr. and Robert J. Tetlow. A Landscape Inventory
Frame~ork. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment
Station. Research Paper PSW-135. December 1978. 83 p •
Robinette, Gary O. Energy and Environment. 1973. Kendall/Hunt
Publishing Comoany, Du~uque, Iowa. 303 pp.
Rural Electrification Administration (REA) 1979. Powerline contacts
ty eagles and other large birds. REA Bull b1-10 (Rev Mar 79),
7 pp.
Sealaska Corportation. 1975. Native Cemetery and Historic Sites of
Southeast Alaska, Preliminary Report. Wilsey & Ham, Inc.
Consultants, Seattle, Washington. 737 pp.
USFS (USFS). 1979. Tongass Land Management Plan Final Environ-
mental Impact Statement (Two parts). Alaska Region, Forest
Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Juneau, Alaska. March 1979.
USFS (USFS). 1977. Southeast Alaska Area Guide. Juneau, Alaska.
USFS (USFS). 1974. National Forest Landscape Management.
Chapter 1, The Visual Management System, Agricultrue
No. 462.
Volume 2,
Handpook
USFS (USFS). 1973. National Forest Landscape Management. Volume 2,
Chapter 2, Utilities, Agriculture Handbook No. 478.
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APPENDIX I
TABLES
1 I t * l
Table V-1
LANDSCAPE TYPE SCENIC QUALITY EVALUATION CHART
Evaluation Criteria ----------------------...!:.!..:==~:!....!..=:::.:....:.~----------------.--.~
Landscape
Type
Ruck Sub-
Alpine
Muskeg-
Forest
Landfonn
Very ~teep, high
vertical relief wI
prominent cliffs
spir~s. Features
dominate landscape.
Flat to hummocky
appearance,with few
if any dominant
features.
Shoreline-Ranges from flat
Estuarine to steeply forested
slopes.
Valley Ranges from flat to
steep slopes with
numerous forested
hummocks & lowland
areas. These
features though are
not visually domi-
nant or exceptional.
Vegetation Waterfonn Color
Adjacent Scenery
Influence Scarcity
Sub-alpine meadow When present-very Variety of color Adjacent Scenery Distinctive-
& scrub, inter-striking. Creat-combination-has little influ-Constitutes
mixed with stunted ingcirque lakes & different hues of ence, since Rock smallest per-
conifers; edges waterfalls. green, contrast-Alpine tends to centage of land-
create variety & ing with rock, be dominant ele-scape types.
contrast. water & snow. ment in landscape.
Open areas with Often dotted with Provides variety Adjacent scenery One of more
low-growing vegeta-numerous small of colors thru the which is generally extensive land-
tion & clumps of potholes. Larger seasons with some forested slopes, scape types on
trees. Openings bodies of water being more dis-tends to have island.
provide contrast add interest. tinctive than little effec1 on
to forest surround-others due to enhancing the
ings but can become combination of scenic character.
monotonous in large vegetation, soil
aggregations. and water.
Grassy flats are The numerous
located around the coves & streams
stream mouths which provide an
contrast with the interesting &
more common con-sinuos shoreline
tinuous wooded configuration.
slopes com ing down This adds variety
to the water's to and contrast
edge. with the surround-
ing vegetation
creating a strong
visual image •
Some variety in
colors but not a
dominant scenery
element.
Adjacent scenery
does infl uence
the scenic
character.
Interesting, but
qu tte cORl\lOn.
Mostly continuous
tone forest with
little variety
tending to become
monotonous. Areas
with streams and
muskegs tend to
create edge con-
trasts, which
increases variety
and visual inter-
ests. Old clearcut
areas tend to add
contrast to the
forest similar to
the muskegs and
stream areas.
Streams and lakes Color tends to Adjacent scenery CORl\lOn.
tend to be visual.vary depending on can influence the
focal points-, the combination of visual quality
creating contrast vegetation types ranging from very
with the surround-and waterfonn. significantly to
ing forested areas. moderately.
Cultural
Modification
Relative Scenic
Quality Class
Very little
disturbance if any.
Developments tend
to be USFS cabins
and trails.
Few disturbances
due to· wet environ-
ment & poor
s tructura 1
capabil tty.
Due to emphas is
of water trans-
portation, this
landscape type
tends to contain
the majority of
development.
Because of flatter
slopes, valley
areas become travel
corridors. Logging
tends to be the
dominant disturbance
degrading visual
quality when recen~
and sometimes
enhancing visual
variety when older.
A
B-C
A-B
A-C
Landscape
Type
Steep
Forested
Slopes
I I J ,
Landform
Slopes range from
45 to over 60%.
Relative relief is
high. This landscape
type acts as the
major space-
defining element
in the landscape.
, , r ,
Vegetation
Slopes are gener-
a lly uniformly
forested creating
a continuous
tone with little
variety in form,
line, texture or
color. Areas with
rock outcroppings
or slides tend to
add interest.
I f ,
Table V-l(Cont.)
LANDSCAPE TYPE SCENIC QUALITY EVALUATION CHART
Evaluation Criteria
Adjacent Scenery
Waterform Color Influence
Water, when pre-Color contrast
sent is in the is limited to
form of cascades subtle hues.
& waterfalls, Visual interest
creating a strong is heightened
visual attraction.in the winter
I f ,
when snow adds
contrast.
, , 1
Steep wooded
slopes tend to
serve as a
transition
between ridge
tops & valley,
and they are
strongly
i nfl uenced by
adjacent
scenery.
1 T 1
Scarcity
Qu He cORlllOn
throughout the
area.
1 ,
Cul tura 1
Modification
Logging practices
tend to be the
only man-made
disturbance,
degrading scenic
qua 1 i ty when
recent.
J' , I
Re lei t i ve Scen i c
Quality Class
A-C
f 1
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Table V-2
Visual Resource Management
VRM
Classes 1
Distance
Zones fg
:>t ~lass A II (R) ..j,.J
·ri ....,
mOl
::l Ol Class B II (R) Ott!
r-!
tlU
·d·
s:: ~lass C III Q)
tl (PR) Cfl
Legend:
Distance Zones
fg -foreground
mg -midd1eground
bg -background
VRM Classes
Class Matrix
Sensitivity Level
1 1 2 2 2 3
mg bg fg mg bg
II (R) II (R) III III III III
(PR) (PR) (PR) (PR)
III III III IV IV IV(M)
(PR) (PR) (PR) (M) (M) ------~~ V(MM)
III IV IV IV V V
(PR) (M) (M) (M) (MM) (MM)
Source ••• USFS Landscape Management,
Volume 2, Chapter 1, 1974.
II(R) -Class II, Retention visual quality objective
III(PR) -Class III, Partial Retention visual quality objective
IV(M) -Class IV, Modification visual quality objective
V(MM) -Class V, Maximum Modification visual quality objective
Note: Class I areas are designated Wilderness, National Parks, etc.
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APPENDIX I
FIGURES
l?Jil r i!'
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Source: BLM Visual Resource
Management Manual, 1978
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LEGEND
1·ARCTIC COASTAL PLAIN
2 -ARCTIC FOOTHILLS
3 -ARCTIC MOUNTAINS
4 -NORTHERN PLATEAUS
S·WESTERN ALASKA
6 -SEWARD PENINSULA
7 -BERING SHELF
8-AHKLUN MOUNTAINS
9 -ALASKA-ALUTIAN
10·COASTAL TROUGH
, 1·PAGIFIC BORDER RANGES
12 -COAST MOUNTAINS
Project ... N ,
.. ~" • . ~.-,IJ-........ ~ ... ,.
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES
OF ALASKA
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT V FIGURE 1
4
LEGEND
r:::ll -WILDERNESS (DESIGNATED
~ ROAD LESS AREAS)
[:111 -RETENTION
III -PARTIAL RETENTION
IV -MODIFICATION
V -MAXIMUM MODIFICATION-
REHABI LlTATION
SCALE 0
I
1
I
2
I
3 MILES
I
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
VISUAL RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT CLASSES
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT V, FIGURE 2
NOTES:
AREA IN VIEW FROM
OBSERVER LOCATION (*,
1 VIEWSHED WAS ANALYZED FROM
TOPOGRAPHIC DATA WITH
PHOTOGRAPHIC BACKUP. ACTUAL
VIEWSHED MAY BE LIMITED
DUE TO VEGETATION SCREENING.
2 VIEWS OF THE DAMSITE FROM
DOWNSTREAM ARE VERY LIMITED
BECAUSE OF STEEP, FORESTED
SLOPES AND DISTANCE
3 VIEWSHED IS POTENTIAL AREA
VISIBLE FROM DAMSITE LOCATION •
SCALE 0
I
..
NORTH
1/2 1 MILE
I
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
PROPOSED OAMSITE VIEWSHED
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT V FIGURE 3
I'))})J AREA IN VIEW FROM
~ OBSERVER LOCATION (*,
NOTES:
VIEWSHED WAS ANALYZED FROM
TOPOGRAPHIC DATA WITH
PHOTOGRAPHIC BACKUP. ACTUAL
VIEWSHED MAY BE MORE LIMITED
DUE TO VEGETATION SCREENING.
II LOCALIZED AREAS WITHIN THE
VIEWSHED SUCH AS STREAM VALLEYS
AND BEHIND KNOLLS. MAY NOT BE
VISIBLE FROM THE OBSERVER LOCATION •
SCALE 0
I
...
NORTH
1 MILE
I
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROelECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
OVERLOOK VIEWSHED
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT V FIGURE 4
".
f
--j-
.. / .
l (
I'·, I \
BLACK BEAR
LAKE
~
NORTH
HYDABURG
KEY MAP
LEGEND:
SPECIFIC MITI-
GATION MEASURES DESCRIPTION
_------_ GENERAL MITI-
R-3, C-4, mm-51 GATION GUIDE-
-LINES KEYED TO
TEXT
(2)~
NOTE:
PROPOSED TRANS-
MISSION LINE
CORRIDOR
PHOTOGRAPH No.,
LOCATION AND
DIRECTION OF
VIEW
PRINCIPAL
WETLAND AREA
MITIGATION POINTS WERE DEVELOPED
THROUGH ANALYSES OF TOPOGRAPHIC
MAPS. OBLIQUE AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS.
ACTUAL APPLICATION OF GUIDELINES .
WILL DEPEND ON FINAL LINE ROUTING
THROUGH FIELD ANALYSIS.
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
MITIGATION ASPECTS OF THE
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT V FIGURE 5
KLAWOCK
..
NORTH
KEY MAP
LEGEND:
SPECI FIC MITI-
GATION MEASURES DESCRIPTION
r--------. GENERAL MITI 1 R-3, C-4, mm-si GATION GUIDE-
-------~ LINES KEYED TO
TEXT
PROPOSED TRANS , .... -/ ".' ... , MISSION LINE
....... ' CORRIDOR
(2)~
NOTE:
PHOTOGRAPH No.,
LOCATION AND
DIRECTION OF
VIEW
PRINCIPAL
WETLAND AREA
MITIGATION POINTS WERE DEVELOPED
THROUGH ANALYSES OF TOPOGRAPHIC
MAPS, OBLIQUE AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
ACTUAL APPLICATION OF GUIDELINES
WILL DEPEND ON FINAL LINE ROUTING
THROUGH FIELD ANALYSIS.
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
MITIGATION ASPECTS OF THE
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT V FIGURE 6
I
, ~ ...
I ~
}
I :;., .. ,
~
I V
I
I
\}-ooI .... -BLACK BEAR
LAKE
..
NORTH
KEY MAP
LEGEND:
SPECIFIC MITI·
GATION MEASURES DESCRIPTION
_--------,. GENERAL MITI'
C-4, mm-si GATION GUIDE-
(2'~
NOTE:
-LINES KEYED TO
TEXT
PROPOSED TRANS-
MISSION LINE
CORRIDOR
PHOTOGRAPH No.,
LOCATION AND
DIRECTION OF
VIEW
PRINCIPAL
WETLAND AREA
MITIGATION POINTS WERE DEVELOPED
THROUGH ANALYSES OF TOPOGRAPHIC
MAPS, OBLIQUE AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS.
ACTUAL APPLICATION OF GUIDELINES
WILL DEPEND ON FINAL LINE ROUTING
THROUGH FIELD ANALYSIS.
BLACK BEAR LAKE
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
ALASKA
MITIGATION ASPECTS OF THE
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
EXHIBIT V FIGURE 7
PROJECT AREA PHOTOGRAPHS
Refer to Figures V-5 thru V-1
for locations of photographs.
(2) Aerial view of the Black
Bear Lake area. View of Black
Bear Falls and dam site loca-
tion in center. Black Lake in
foreground. Access Road would
traverse lower left slope.
Powerhouse location in lower
left center.
(1) View of Black Lake
valley from Black Bear
Lake Overlook. Black Lake
in center. Powerhouse
location in lower right is
screened from view.
(3) View of logging clearcut by Black Lake. Project
access road and transmission line would follow this
logging road from the powerhouse.
(4) Big Salt road bridge across Black Creek. ~he
transmission line will parallel this route to Klawock.
(6) Hollis Road. A typical view
along the roadways.
(5) View along Craig/Klawock
Road towards Craig. Trans-
mission Line should be routed
on the land side if possible
to avoid the visual impact
and potential hazard to
eagles along the shore edge.
(7) Bend in Hollis Road along Klawock Lake. It
will be difficult to route the transmission
line here to avoid visual impacts. The least
impact location may be at mid-slope on the land
side of the road.
(8) Aerial view of stream
crossings on road to
Hydaburg.
(9) Aerial view of one of the bends in the
Hydaburg road. The proposed transmission line
would cross behind the wooded knoll in the
bend.
(10) Aerial view of logged
areas around Trocadero Bay
North of Hydaburg. The proposed
transmission line will utilize
the existing logging roads to
cross the stream.
(11) Aerial view of Natzuhini Bay North of Hydaburg.
Proposed transmission line is routed around the bay
(in background) to avoid impacting the open waterway
across the neck of the bay.
(12) Aerial view
Natzuhini Bay. The
follow the planned
this slope.
of steep forested slope south of
proposed transmission line would
road extension to Hydaburg along
(13) Aerial view of Hydaburg. The proposed
transmission line will parallel the road coming in
from the lower right.
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-APPENDIX J
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l.
2.
Appendix J
CORRESPONDENCE
January 1981 Agency Meeting and Responses.
Agency and Public Responses to Draft
Feasibility Study and June 1981 Agency
Meeting and Site Visit
3. Other
t, 'Illi
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-
1. January 1981 Agency Meeting and Responses
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-
,-
.. ~'
. ALASliA POWER AUTHORITY ~k~
333 WEST 4th AVENUE -SUITE 31 -ANCH9RAGE. ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 271-7641
(907) 276·2715
[, HARZA ENCINEERING CO. r, January 7, 1981' ~~,J,e,Retci\~d . !:Jl~~Y d
'"-. 'i' .,.!~~ TO • tt-e?-~
. ,'J "\"U .. .
. 1 r'" b 29 . r"" : Bureau of LaIld'Management ;,,1~SmJ or iililg J ;z::.:;~ '3 · ~1
l.:i" , ,u.s.,: Department of the Interior " fr\)j~ct Num3cr t:JLj-,r -~
"; State Office" ,' .. ' . C:J.i;;ific~tiJa
" :701 . C St .. :... . .... :.,.' SJ~i~'1 :",.:: ';~ :':',
, . , . "",<.~~<
,', -,,' ~-~ .
>:.~ --:.~~. < .-.,
1:·;(;: .. :·:<:.:::::R~::::,·:~':FeasibriitY",StUdY'Of 'the Proposed Black Bear
",:"" ~:':':::.:::':" aydroelectricProject ' , ',' . ,> .• '. .
, . i:::/:::'::::~ii~:~'~~n:P6~~~,;~~thor~t~ ~rid its consultantswcmld,.liketo invite you to
.:':~;,l{~a':meeting .::t.q:. discuss theresul ts 'of .,theengineE!ri~g.and environmental·
.:·"~:);~:.feasibili 1:;.y",:investig a -tion 'obtained to' da te for the " proposed Black Bear
'<.:,:::·;Lake hydrpelect,ric project. ,The agency meeting i.s scheduled for
i::::Monday~.,:Januai:y19,'at':OO p.m,., ill the second floor conference room,
':>C~~:State Office. Building ,>4:1 5 Main Street~Ketchikan ,Alaska. . Additional
.·:':,:;::':{;time·foi,disctlssionwlll be available Tuesday morning; ,: January 20, if
;:', .(\i?'~:~;,~:j~d,e.~~~,,·~~:·f.'~::?:~,:·~~J?r.:; '."<.:~ ~X' .:, ;,.. ...,.. ..' . ,..,', '
\:-:?;;)~arza Engineering /:consllltan.t,andCH2M HILL, subconsultant, began a
.' ':;:,:detailed/on..,.site assessment of the feasibility of , developing a hydro-
"::' electric·pr9ject.>atBlack Bear Lake'during May ·1980~ .. Summer research
included analysis, 6fexisting,conditions: history!archeology,hydrol-
ogy, geology,·soils;geotechnical,vegetation( aquatic, and wildlife.
'<.Data and preliminary analytical results obtained since May will be
presented. and provide the basis for· discussion of 'environmental and
. institutional Issues at ,the January meeting. Identification of poten-
.tially critical issues and impacts is very important at this stage of
;>. the feasibility investigation. " .
. . . -, ~. "., --. ,-.
.. ··,Sincerely,
Eric P. Yould
Executive Director
"
Sealaska
1 Sealaska Plaza, Suite 400
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Attn: Mr. Robert Loescher, Director of Natural
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Habitat Protection Section
Marine View Suite 301
231 S. Franklin
Juneau, Alaska 99801"
Attn: Mr. Rick Reed, Regional Supervisor
Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Habitat Protection Section
415 Main St.
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Attn: Mr. Don Kelly, Habitat Biologist
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Ecological Services
Federal Building Room 417
P.O. Box 1287
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Attn: Mr. Waine Olen, Field Supervisor
National Marine Fisheries Service
Federal Building
P • O. Box 1668
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Attn: Mr. Duane Peterson
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation
Southeast Regional Office
P.O. Box 2420
Juneau, Alaska 99803
Attn: . Mr. Dick Stokes, Permit Coordinator
A 95 Clearing House
Office of the Governor
Policy & Legislative Affairs Division
450 Court BUilding
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Attn: Mr. Mike Whitehead, Director
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
P.O. Box 3193
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
-
nale Recejved ;!tt'f{ j7ZJ -
Ratii2d To • ~
~l . . .... L JZSIlBj lar fiiing by -. ' ..
Resou rce~oi~cl tfUIJDJT -....
GlassificatiJa _
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Attn: Mr. Charles Osborn, Ecological Services Representative -
34: m: 1
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~~~"~«<-----------------------------------
United States Forest Service
Federal Building
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Attn: Mr. John Ruopp
Alaska Department of Fish & Game
Division of Fisheries Rehabilitation,
Enhancement & DeveJopment
415 Main Street
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Attn: Mr. Paul Novak
Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game
Division of Sport Fisheries
415 Main Street
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Attn: Mr. Don Siedelman
34:m:2
Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game
Division of Game
415 Main Street
Ketchikan', Alaska 99901
Attn: Mr. Robert Wood
U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Federal Building
P.O. Box 1287
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Attn: Mr. Jack Hodges
Alaska Dept. of Natural Resources
Division of Forest, Land, & Water
323 East Fourth Avenue
Anchorage, Alaska 99~01
Attn: Mr. Theodore Smith, Director
U. S. Forest Service
Federal Office Building
Box 1628
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Attn: Mr. Jim Pierce, Regional Environmental Coordinator
U • S. Forest Service
Federal Building
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Attn: Mr. Jim Watson, Forest Supervisor
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
701 CSt.
Box 19
Anchorage, Alaska 99513
Attn: Mr. Bill Lamoreaux
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Juneau Area Office
P.O. Box 3-8000
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Attn: Mr. John Hope, USDI
Office of History and Archeology
Alaska Division of Parks
619 Warehouse Ave., Suite 210
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Attn: Mr. Bill Hanible, State Preservation Officer
·HI·m·~
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r· #'
•
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[>4
... ",~""
l:
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I:
t~
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:.,. ..
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region X
1200 6th Ave.
Seattle, Washington 98101
Attn: Mr. Donald P. Dubois
Alaska District Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 7002
Anchorage, Alaska 99510
Attn: Mr. Vern Thompson, Engineer
Rural Electrification Administration
SRA Box 907
Anchorage, Alaska 99502
Attn: Mr. Alan Yost, REA Represe"ntative
Alaska Power Administration
U. S. Department of the Interior
P.O. Box 50
Juneau. Alaska 99802
Attn: Mr. Robert J. Cross, Acting Administrator
Bureau of Land Management
U.S. Department of the Interior
State Office
701 CSt.
Box 13
Anchorage, Alaska 99513
Attn: Mr. Curtis V. McVee, State Director
Heritage Conservation & Recreation Service
Department of Interior
1011 E. Tudor Road
Suite 297
Anchorage. Alaska 99503
Attn: Mr. Bill Welch
Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game
Division of Fisheries Rehabilitation;
Enhancement, and Development
Marine View. Suite 301
231 Franklin Street
Juneau, A las ka 99801
Attn: Mr. Stan Moberly
34:m:4
•
• Alaska Dept. of Fish &, Game
Division of Fisheries Rehabilitation,
Enhancement & Development
415 Main Street
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Attn: Mr. Mike Ward
Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game
Division of Commercial Fisheries
415 Main Street
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Attn: Mr. John Valentine
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ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
333 WEST 4th AVENUE -SUITE 31 • ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 277 ~ 7641
(907) 276-2715
Mr. Jack Robinson
Harza Engineering Company
150 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Dear Mr. Robinson:
January ~RAd;,9fthcli"LLh.u.c CO.
l:ia::;:;I!I~d lor Fiimg ~y ' ____ _
Pm;~ Number
Gi:Jssihr..lti3n
:)"~:"~! i\:i ~" J!''''!
A meeti ng wi th representati ves of vari ous governm~'ntaril'gerici es was tiel d at
Ketchikan on Monday, January 19, 1981, to discuss the results of the environmental
investigations conducted for the Black Bear Hydro Project. The results, as dis-
cussed, will be included in the Feasibility Analysis and Federal Energy Regu-
latory Commission License Application. Information discussed was based on reports
prev.iously transmitted to the various agencies and a handout prepared by Harza
Engineers. A list of those attending the agency meeting is attached.
We are now in the process of designing the next phase of environmental moni-
toring and analysis program for the project. As was discussed, we are soliciting
input for planning this work from your agency. In order to maintain continuity on
the field work, it will be necessary to begin the next phases in the near future.
Therefore, we request your written comments by February 6~ 1981. The following
items should be addressed:
A prioritized list of items of study that you feel are needed.
An indication of the goals and time frames for the studies.
An indication of the extent of any participation by your agency
in the design and/or implementation of the studies.
Please direct your comments to Harza Engineers with a copy to the Alaska
Power Authority. Mailing addresses are:
Mr. George Volland
Harza Engineering Company
150 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606'
Mr. Brent Petrie
Alaska Power Authority
333 West 4th Avenue, Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Copies of this letter are being addressed to all participants in the agency
meeting as well as those indicated on the attached list. We would appreciate your
early response. We apologize for the short time allotted for your reply.
Attachment:
as noted .
;:1'~
~c P. Yould ~~~cutive Director
I ,
BLACK BEAR HYDRO PROJECT
AGENCY MEETING
KETCHIKAN, ALASKA
1/19/81
Attendees:
Mr. Jack Robinson
Aquatic Biologist
Ha rza Engineering Co.
150 S. Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Mr. Tom Kogut
Wildlife Biologist
U • S. Forest Service
Federal Building
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Mr. Brad Powell
Resource Assistant
U. S. Forest Servic..:
Federal Building .
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Mr. Gerry Weiner
Soil Scientist
U • S. Forest Se rvice
Federal Building
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Mr. Jerry Hout
Wildlife Biologist
U • S. Fish & Wildlife Service
P.O. Box 3193
Ketchikan. Alaska 99901
Mr. Don Kelly
Habitat Biologist
A laska Department of Fish & Game
Habitat ProtectIon Section
415 Main Street
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Mr. Fred Prange
Geologist
U. S. Forest Service
Federal Building
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Mr. Don Siedelman
Alaska Department of Fish & Game
Div. of Sport Fisheries
LJ15 Main Street
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
HARZA ENGLNEERlliG CO.
nltte Rece ived
,~':~~.1 i9
l. .:.i N 1.I!;I~r
~, '1 •• ~~i!~lI'):l
S·,lI','! ,'11<;" 1~:"'1 ~:.j " ~ i "" I. '
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Mr. Mike Pease
U.S. Forest Service
Fisheries Biologist
Federal Building
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Mr. Charles Osborn
Fish & Wi Idllfe Biologist
u. S. Fish & Wildlife Service
P.O. Box 31 93
.Ketchikan, Alaska 9990.
Mr. Mike Ward
Fish Biologist
A laska Department of Fish & Game
415 Main Street
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Mr. jim Hayden
Field Officer
Alaska Dept. of Environmental Conservation
P.O. Box 2420
juneau, Alaska 99803
Mr. Dave Ba rber
U • S. Forest Service
Recreation & Lands Forester
Federal Building
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Mr. Edmond Murrell
Fish Biologist
National Marine Fisheries Services
P.O. Box 1668
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Mr. Dan Bishop
Hydrologist
Environald
&.tt 4. Box 4993
Juneau, Alaska 99803
Hr. Robert Martin, Jr.
Tlingit-Haida Regional Electrical Authority
P.O. Box 2517
Juneau, Alaska. 99803
Mr. Brent Petrie
Alaska. Power Authority
333 Hest 4th Avenue, Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska. 99501
.ttl\-.. ,.;· A £i"'Cl..l'4.t.;Lhu~C CO.
'li1.:Si:;~J lur Fi;;.1Q by __ _
m;.!cl Nu;nber
CiJ.;siiIClIiJR
" I.,
I
(
Mr. Ron Reiland
Project Manager
CH2M HILL
2550 Denali Street, 8th Floor
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Mr. George Volland
Harza Engineering Co.
150 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
£NC1H£.:£H!NG CO. . -
:'~'~ Rm:yed
t: .:':.1 i~ .t.~
\ .. ,,,,.,,. ... ' .. I!j
""'. I
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~"~~'-·----------__________ 1d' ______________ •• '_IU __ _
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CH~II~lt .. ~lT lYllI~~'I' «) • .' lFDSDn /\i ~111 G/i :vU~
DIVISION OF FISHERIES REHABILITATION,
ENHANCHfENT, AND DEVELOPt,lENT
415 Nain Street, Room 318
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
January 29, 1981
Eric Yould, Executive Director
Brent Petrie, Project Hanager
ALASKA POt~ER AUTHOR ITY
333 l'lest 4th Avenue
Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Dear Sirs:
Re: Black Bear La:<e Hydroelectric Project
~ .. -;: ."
Yu ~~<. U .. -fl3..-.. ... P /
(j y:yr:./
• ~j#'\.(~
JA Y S. HAMMOND, COVEI1:IDR
RECEIVED
rEB 2 1981 \2--
AlAS1~ POWER ~ AUi.'iORITY .
HAi\ZA ENCtNEESlNG co .
Dale Retei1ed
Huc.lcd To
.
[i3:sili~1 lor Filma hy
Projeci ll!lIDbef
Cla.iSHicaliln
. Sa~iecl ge~t ]aJt;~!J
~
I ?PlfJ
OO~
The more I consider the Black Bear lake hydroelectric project, the less
sense it makes. In 1991, five years after the Black Bear lake project
is completed, demand for its electrical output will surpass its capacity
to produce electricity. This \,lil1 require that the Reynolds Creek
project be built. Why not build Reynolds Creek in the first place?
Projections are that Reynolds Creek will produce enough ele~tricity to
provide for the area through the year 2010, nineteen years longer than
Black Bear Creek.
It is likely that your ten year power demand outlook is reasonable and a
new power source \'/;11 be needed in 1991 if Blac~ Bear Lake is built;
that will probably be Reynolds Creek. It is also likely that many
unforeseen changes will occur in the area that will affect power demand
bebleen 1991 and 2010. Many ne\'I technologies will be developed. If you
build the Reynolds Creek project-first, the Black Bear Creek project may
never be needed. Don I t force those people to pay for bro dams when one
may be enough.
:;;:Z.D pz:' v) J
Mike Hard
Fisheries Biologist
POUCH AD
JUNEAU. ALASKA 99811
PHDNE: 465·3573 DIVISION OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING i
February 5, 1981 HJ\.l\~A ENClliEEfUNG CO .
Mr. George Volland
Harza Engineering Cn~pany
150 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
.
Oale R@teived
" • d T !t;;Il;~. 0
Subject: Black Bear Hydroelectric Project
Dear ~tr. Volland:
Thank you for your January 26, 1981 letter requesting our comments on
the next phase of environmental studies concerning 'the referenced pro-
ject.
The State Clearinghouse does not have any comments at this time. We
would, of course, like to receive the Feasibility Analysis and Federal
Energy Regula tory Commission License Appl i cation for revi ewe Both
Office of r~anagement and Budget CIrcular A-95. and Alaska .Coastal r~anage
ment Program reviews \'Iill be conducted by our office on the feasibility
analysis and license application.
We have included the list of agencies who we would send these documents
to for revi~1 purposes. Please either include these entities on, your
mailing list and send us four copies or send us 'Oo/elve or more copies
for our distribution when the feasibility analysis and license applica-
tion are available.
For your infonnation" I have been sel ected to repl ace Michael ~/hitehead
as State-Federal Coordinator and any questions you may have on the
State's review of this project should be directed to myself or my staff.
Sincerely,
~1fL
State-Federal Coordinator
Enclosure
cc: Brent Petrie, APA
Katie Eberhart, CH2M Hill
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~ls. Lee tkAnerney
Commissioner
Department of Community
and Regional Affairs
Pouch B
Juneau, Alaska 99811
Hr. Bruce Hoffman
Ecologist III
«
Southeast Regional Office
Deparonent of Enviromnental
Conserva t ion
P~O. Box'2420
Juneau, Alaska 99803
Mr. Richard-Reed
Department of Fish and Game
Habitat Protection Section
Subport Building
Juneau, Alaska 99801
M~. Dennis Dooley, Director
Planning and Research
Department of Transportation
and Public Facilities
Pouch Z
Juneau, Alaska 99811
Mr. Bob Baldwin
A-95 Coordinator
Planning and Research Section
Department of Natural Resources
323 E. Fourth Ave.
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Hr. Charles Webber
COillmi 55 i oner
Department of Commerce and
Econonic Development
Pouch 0
Juneau, Alaska 99811
~'r. Hurray \~alsh
Review Coordinator
Office of Coastal Management
Pouch AP
Juneau, Alaska 99811.
fir. Rodney Voth
Dept. of Health &
Social Services
POlich H-01
Juneau, Alaska 99Gl1
The Honorable AlP. ~1acasc:et
Hayor
City of KlavlOck
P.O. Box 113
Kla\'Iock, Alaska 99925
Mr. James F. Sprague, Mayor
City of Craig
P.O. Box 23
Craig, Alaska 99921
Mr. Robert Sanderson
City Council
City of Hydaburg
P.O. Box 49
. Hydaburg, Alaska 99830
Mr. Andrew Ebona
Executive Director
,Tll ngit-Ha ida Indians of
Alaska, Central Council
One Sealaska Plaza, Suite 200
Juneau, Alaska 99801 ..
tiJt.11::.:A £NCud:£H1t{C co. .
_ .. -.---_ .......... -. -5el? . . "-h Ie-~nvironaid : DANIEL M. BISHOP
================================================~~~/~7~'~~~ nn 4. Bex 4it~~ ....
;~ ~.PA 'ar ttlQl "
PNll'Il~
Ci_~,.
f..loi_ II~ ••• , .... J".l.l .• ~tl 'ft;,)! •. :~ to· <t
Mr. George Volland
Harza Engineering Company
150 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Dear George,
JUNEAU. ALASKA 99801
907 789.9305
February 5, '1981
I am responding to Mr. Yould's letter of
January 26, 1981 requesting specific comments on
possible future environmental investigations of the
Black Bear Lake project.
Suggested features of additional 'work are listed
in order of priority and I have indicated goals and
time frames for these items.
I have made a few comments on the magnitude of
poss'ible impacts versus scope of additional proposed
environmental work.
If such additional work is decided upon I would
be interested in developing an appropriate proposal
and study team for the effort.
Enclosures
cc: Mr. Brent Petrie
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DANIEL M. BISHOP ~I.fe fte~;td
'.:J.:~td Til
;2 ./O-</,I
tfj' (I () i'lA1J.)..-' .~nvironaid
.~q ... .1~ ter filill ij _---
;"'~""I ...... er ... j.~ ~
RR 4. BOX 4993
JUNEAU, ALASKA 99803
CI~~.m,. 907 789.9305
S:'~:"I "y. ,,"jo"l --------~F~ebruary 5, 1981
Conunents On
Suggested Study Items, Goals and Time
Frames For Additional Environmental Work On
The Black Bear' Lake Project
/1. Better estimates of existing fish populations in Black
Lake and upstream to rapids. Particular concentration
should be directed toward populations of resident and
rearing fishes --coho, cutthroat, dolly varden, sockeye
and steelhead. Work should emphasize estimations of fish
populations using such techniques as trapping, electro-
fishing. Periodic, thorough counts of adult spawning
salmon should be made .
2.
The effort should conunence as soon as practical and con-
tinue at least thru fall of 1981, and possibly into next
winter to establish a reasonable basis for estimating
existing fish use by season.
Estimates should be made of carrying capacity -potential-
of the Black Lru~e upstream system for maintenance and
production of salmonids. Work would involve limnology
. wS~ of Black ~ake as well as surveys of quality and ~ of
stream rearing habitat. Potential spawning area above
Black Lake should also be characterized and quantified
as to capability. This estimate of natural potential
for salmonid production should be completed by fall of
1981.
3. Existing water temperature stations on Black Bear Creek
should be maintained, and a 5th thermograph at about
4.
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25 feet below the surface of Black Bear Lake should be
considered. The purpose of this effort; to develop
sufficient temperature records thru-out the year to
enlarge the present three month evaluation of natural
water temperature regime and possible modification with
regulation. This work should be continued thru Winter,
1981-82.
A staff water level reGording station should be installed IJ ( ~ L" Lii Ic:.e... D ... ("If~ .,.. at tao meats of lHaeli Cl'cck and read at frequent intervals
during on-going work in the area. Instantaneous stream
flew (current meter) rr:easurements Ghould be taken in Black
Bear Creek, immediately below Black Lake, and used to
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"rate" the staff station. These observations and measure-..
ments should also be correlated with the continuous flow
I
record obtained from the mouth of Black Bear Lake (USGS
station). The prime purpose of this effort would be to
relate respective discharges from Black Bear Lake to . .
stream levels in the lower 1/2 -3/4 mile of the stream
discharging into Black Lake. Allor much of this portion
of the stream is backwatered by Black Lake. The extent
of backwat.er action depends upon the height of the ;Lake.
This work would begin with future work and continue as
long as other work was being done in the drainage --
probably into fall.of 1981.
··5. An. inventory should be made of stre~'nbed and accessible
tributary-ponds c?aracteristi~above Bla~k Lake to the
limits of probable spawning or residence by juvenile fishes.
This systematic survey would be related to levels read
on the water level staff (4, above). This effort would
involve instream flow evaluation intended to determine
stream/pond habitat values associated with respective
water levels. Work begun in spring-early surmner would
be completed in winter, 1981-1982.
6. If warranted by the evaluation of environmental information,
the feasibility of a smal] spawning channel below the
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powerhouse tailrace should be considered.~The approach
suggested above is premised on the view that further
work should be concentrated in and above Black Lake,
and that similarly intensive work below Black Lake is
not warranted at this time,· beyond the stream flow ob-
servations/measurements at the mouth of Black Lake and
thermograph maintenance at the ,mouth of Black Lake and
Black Bear Creek.
One factor in deciding the investment warranted for en-
vironmental work on this project is the fishery values
being risked. Though we presently lack good information
on these values, I believe the Black Lake headwaters
drainage could reasonably support annual catches somewhere
in the range of 1000-10,000 salmon, plus a significant
sport fishery. Perhaps the magnitude of possible impact
might cut this potential in half. The catch value of the
drainage below Black Lake is much larger -perhaps a mag-
nitude of 10,000 -100,000 fish -but the environmental
risk from this project is much less. I summarize these
rather conjectural views because they affect the content,
intensity and duration of study elements suggested 'above.
~~
Daniel M. Bishop
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
FOREST SERVICE
P.O. Box 1628, Juneau, JK 99802
ttAftZA .ENGiNEERlNG co.
2770
fEB 6 1981
Dear Mr. Volland:
I am writing regarding ~ January 26 request to Jim. Pierce for
environmental investigation items for the Black Bear Hydroelectric
Project.
'Ibis project is being handled through our Forest Supervisor's
Office in Ketchikan, and they will be respooding to your request,
and hopefully it will be placed in the mail by the date you
requested.
We wish you success in this upcoming phase of the project.
Sincerely,
2.~~~
JAMES A. CALVIN
Director of Lands, Minerals,
and Watershed Management
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JAY S. HAMMOND. ConrllOl'
DEPARTMENT OF FISH & G~AME
Habitat Section
415 Main St., #208
Ketchikan. Alaska
99901
PHONE: 225-5195
HARZA ENGINEERING CO.
February 9. 1981 Dale Beteive4
iiJulcd To
,
Mr. George Volland
Har~a Engineering Company
150 South Wacker Drive '
Chicago, Illinois 60606
tiassuia1 lor filing b, ---ff-~~
Dear Mr. ~ol1and:
rraiacl NUJll~ar
CiasitHcalian
S~hiacl na~;ljM::J:J
Re: Environmental investigations-Black Bear Hydroelectric Project'
FOl1owing'the Janqaryl9 meeting held in Ketchikan to discuss the
impacts of hydropower development at Black Bear Lake, Prince of Wales
Island, members of the Ketchikan staff of the Department of Fish
and Game have reviewed the proposals, along with currently available
information about this stream system. We strongly suggest that the
follo,,,ing studies be inti tiated as soon as possibIe. We feel that
the data acquired from these studies will form an important part of
the Environmental Impact Statement required for this project. In
addition, this information will be necessary for the development and
implementation of mitigation measures which '''ill be required.
A. Fisheries Studies
vI. Identification and quantification of fish habitat in Black Bear
Creek above Black Lake. '
Goal: To identify. map and quantify the extent and location of
spawning and rearing habitat in Black Bear Creek between Black Lake
and the falls.
Justification: The proposed hydroelectric project. by regulating flows
from Black Bear Lake .. has the potential for adversely affecting
fish habitat in the stream. An accurate assessment of this habitat
is required before plans for the project may be finalized.
We recommend that a detailed survey of spawning and rearing habitat
be undertaken. The intensity of this survey should equal or exceed
that of Forest Service Level IV surveys, which are currently being
done on other streams in the Ketchikan Area. Pertinent information on
stream gradient, bank stability. substrate makeup and stability, flow
rates and pool/riffle ratios should be gathered. This information
on spawning and rearing habitat should be corroborated by sampling
with minnow traps, fyke nets and electroshocking. This data should
be used to map this portion of the stream, and maps generated by
this study should be used in further pl?-nning of this project.
HliiClA J;:NClNE£RLNC CO,
Nr. George Volland -2-
TIle Forest Service estimates that a 2-3 man crew can survey 1/2 to
3/4 mile of stream, at Level IV intensity, per day. Given the detailed
requirements of this project, it is safe to assume that a longer
period of time \dll be required to survey this stream. I would
estimate that a full \'1eek of survey \'1ork, by a 2-3 man Crel'l, \'1ill
be required. This survey llIay be done concurrently with escapement
surveys outlined below, or it may be done 'ccmcl:1rrently l'li th outmigrant
studies. .
Further information on Level IV'· surveys is available in the Region
10 Stream Survey Handbook, from the Ketchikan Office of the Forest
Service.
,/ 2. Escapement studies •
Goal: To indicate spawning species composition, run timing, and
use areas.
Justification: Detailed information on the timing of salmon runs, as
well as the location of those areas used by spawning salmon, will
be necessary for a complete evaluation of the impacts of this project.
We recommend intensive foot surveys of upper Black Bear Creek during
the late summer-fall salmon spawning period. ~k. Bishop's observations
in 1980, coupled \'1ith currently available escapement information,
indicates the following genral pattern of peak escapements: .
Pink and Chum Salmon: Aug-ust lS-Nid October
Sockeye Salmon: August IS-September IS
Coho Salmon: September IS-October (or later.)
Rainbow trout and steelhead trout :~pring spawners .. precise pattern UnknOlin
Cutthroat trout: spring spawners, precise pattern unknolvn
Dolly Varden charr: fall spawners .. precise pattern unkno,.,n
T"lice weekly foot surveys should be conducted on the upper portions
of Black Bear Creek from early August until the end of September to
determine patterns of use by sockeye, pink and chum salmon. These
surveys \'1ill also indicate use of the upper stream by pink and chum
salmon. '~eekly foot surveys should be conducted after 1 October
to monitor coho salmon escapements. These fall surveys may also
provide some indication of areas used by spawning Dolly Varden.
Surveys for spmining fish should also be conducted durine the spring
spa\vning. period (April-June, wi tIl a peak (?) in ~·Iay). Visual surveys
may not indicate the presence of cuttthroat trout, and hook-and-
line sampling may be required.
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nate Reteived
aJu!cd To
Lh~lh3j be . filing by __ ---
-3-rraj2£t J{Uillber 9 f.~uruary ,.
Cia!.SihC3l1Jn
l>1r. Geor
/3. Salm~ration study
Goal: Tohe timing of fry outmigration from Black Bear
Creek
1981
Justificlations in stream temperature -caused by str'eamflO\"
regulath changes in the timing of egg hatching, emergence
and outm;is in turn may affect salmon survival and the
strength,dult returns. We recommend that baseline studies
be inaticrmine the current pattern of outmigration. '
The timillration may be determined by the use of fyke nets
to samplerogram shouid begin ·by March 1, -and shou~d be
continuedntil the end of June. A minimum of two conces-
utive yeas should ge conducted. This will give some
measure Oear variation, .and will also provide samples from
~ven anu nk salmon stocks .
.... 4. Fish h,tification-Black Bear Lake
Goal: To :d quanti fy fish habitat in Black Bear Lake
JustificaToposed impoundment will raise the.level of
Black Beal may inundate spawning areas used by resident
rainbow tltions. The extent of habitat loss must be
determinecoject work begins.
. .
Spawning ~ habitat in Black Bear Lake should be identified,
quantifieCd. This work may be done concurrently ''lith ''\Iork
done 011 lCns of the creek.
B. HydroloLimnological Investigations
~l. Stream e monitoring
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Goal: To PQntinuous record of before-project stream temperature
Justificat: Bear Creek has been classified a ItTemperature
Sensitive" the Forest Service. Stream temperatures may be
affected b)lation of streamflO\'/, in addition to logging being
conduc~ed (by Sealaska Corporation. In order to assess
these 1mpaQI as to plan mitigation measures, background
informatior'll temperatures ,'Ii 11 be required.
J\'e recommeT'brmographs placed in tile system by Mr. Bishop
in 1980 be lace. and th,)t records of stream temperature
1')(-lIsed in the facll ity. \\'e rccOl;::::end th3t tcmpcr:1tul'es
hv IdOrl j t'orc)Ut 1081.
lit"
Date Reteived :;lit t/p/
Roulr:dio ~~ ..
}.Ir. George Volland -4-tlf.J3JtlrjJwFi~ llJ8=1 ___ _
Praisct n ~mber
Cla;..)ific31i~n ------------------
V2. Stream and Lake Limnological Studies
Goal: To continue existing limnological studies
l'"h;orl Ih';~" ~!;:-'1 ·)"'~f .. " .h,,).,,· ~ .
Justification: Limnological conditions in the system may differ from
season to season~ and these differences may require that ·.special:':;::
measur.es be taken in the design and operation of the faci li ty. Care
must 'be taken to insure that adequate pre-project information has been
gathered.
l~e recommend that lofr. Bishop's sampling program be continued at least
seasonally through 1981. Data on temperature, conductivity, dissolved
oxygen~ di$charge~ and water chemistry should be gathered at those
sample points established by t-tr. Bishop in late summer and fall ~ 1980.
I>F~ 3: Stream Discharge Gagin~ Station
Goal: To establish a stream gaging station downstream of the proposed
poweraouse discharge~ at the confluence of the first major tributary.
Justification: Ra,gulation of streamflow \dll have major impacts ~n
the upper portion of Black Bear Creek. These impa~ts will probably
be buffered by Black Lake. In addition, discharges of water from
tributary streams above Black Lake may also.tend to buffer changes
in flow due to dam construction. We therefore recommend that discharges
below the first major tributary (marked on the attached map) be
monitored~ in addition to the existing stream gaging station at the
outlet.of Black Bear Lake.
We feel that items Al and A2 are of high priority. In order to assess
impacts and suggest mitigat~on measures, this information on fish
habi tat is essential. l:qork on outmigration timing (item A3) lvould
be our. second priority, and work on Black Bear Lake fish habitat (item
A4) would be our third priority. We do feel, however ~ that all of the
above-listed fisheries studies should be carried out in order to
permit a complete evaluation of impacts. '
Regarding hydrological studies, lve feel that items Bl and B2 are
required. Establishment of additional stream gaging stations (Item
B3) is of 10l'ier priority, and it may be possible to address this
question by other means.
The Department of Fish and Game. through our Ketchikan office, is
ready to aid in the design and development of these studies. Due
to manpo\'ier and time commitments elsmvhere, hOll/ever, we will be
unable to participate in these studies to any significant extent.
We \IIould also like to remind you, and any consultants, that a
Scientific Collector's permit, issued by the Department of Fish and
Game, \11111 be required for collection of fish.
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Mr. George Volland -5-
Dale Reteived .J.// ,,/ r / aou!~dTo ~ &lafsTtB!~V:riii~g ~t9 8 __ _
Praiecl Humber .
&lassilic3lbn
We look forward to working with you and \oIith your consultants on
these studies. Please contact me if you require additional information
or clarification.
Sincerely,
1n~~1~ur---
Area Habitat Biologist
cc: R. Reed-ADFG-Juneau
J. Robinson-Harza. Engineering-Chicago"
T. Kogut-USFS-Craig
J. Hout-USFWS-Juneau
U: Pease-USFS-Ketchikan
J. Hayden-ADEC-Ketchikan
D. Barber-USFS-Ketchikan
E. "Iurre 11-NMFS-Juneau
D. Bishop-Environaid-Juneau
R. Martin-THREA-Juneau
B. Petrie-APA-Anchorage
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DANIEL M. BISHOP
Kt X t ilHI. UUi
RAtlZA, ENGINEERING CO.
~ale Received
n;Jr:!';~ To ~nvironaid
RR 4. BOX 4993
JUNEAU. ALASKA 99803
907 789.9305
February 12, 1981
Mr. Jack Robinson
Harza Engineering Co.
150 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Dear Jack,
lam writ~ng to tell you the results of my talks with several
people regarding downstream migrant trapping in Black Bear
Creek this year. From what. you said by phone on 2/4/81. I
. gather the basis for this particular inquiry comes from Mr.
Brent Petrie, A.P.A., anticipating particularly early salmon
fry migration this year; this condition may be pertinent to
the environmental concerns of the Black Bear Creek power
project.
-Rick Reed, ADF&G Habitat Section Director, S.E. Alaska.
I explained to Rick the general nature of the proposed
work this season with fry migration, indicating that my
first objective was to determine whether ADF&G would be
able to do this particular work this year.
Rick called Don Kelley, ADF&G, Ketchikan, with results that,
(1) Don was quite sure that Black Bear Creek was not in-
cluded in ADF&G's (Commercial Fish) pre-emergent fry sampl-
ing program. (2) not very likely that ADF&G could provide
any help (3) should check this proposed work with Carl
Huffmeister, ADF&G, who heads pre-emergent sampling program
of Ketchikan. Collection permit can be acquired from ADF&G
sub-port office; should try to get permit for both do~n
stream migrant trapping as well as later work.
-Carl Huffmeister, ADF&G, Ketchikan.
This talk settled several questions in my mind. First,
bear' in mind that Carl's work on pre-emergent fry sampling
is done on "index" streams strategically distributed through-
out S.E. Alaska. This sampling does not provide a measure
of quantity of fry produced by a stream system. Rather, it
provides an index value of fry productivity of a respective
stream by yearly sampling of specific, unchanging riffles
within a stream system. This provides a year-to-year basis
for comparing fry production in various areas or fjords of
S.E. Alaska.
- 2 -
At any rate, the relevant conclusions of this conversation
are:
1. nearest "index" stream to Black Bear Creek is Steelhead
Creek, more-or-Iess across Big Salt Lake from Black
Bear Creek. .
2. will not be able to do any downstream migrant trapping
in Black Bear Creek.
3. may be able to stopp off in Black Bear Creek at a con-
venient location and examine a few pre-emergent fry to
determine how near fry are to migration. Since the
first district visited for pre-emergent sampling will
be in Behm Canal ares, it may be that their visit to
Black Bear Creek may come quite late for planning.
4. Carl feels that the fry migration will begin about
I April; that few will be missed if downstream migrant
trapping begins then. .
5. has no nets he can loan us will be using what they have.
6. net trapping of downstream migrants will require daily
servicing of traps -with proper servicing, trappinfl
will not result in much mortality. Should plan for at
least two months of observations.
-Steve , ADF&G, Klawock Hatchery.
Steve believes fry migration is likely to be a couple of
weeks earlier than usual -recommends begin trapping opera-
tion in mid-March. Hatchery does not plan to trap down-
stream migrants in Klawock River, below hatchery, and does
not have a net. Not likely to be a problem in hiring a net-
tender for the two months of project.
-Kay Koski, NMFS, Auke Bay Lab.
Get nets from Eastside Net Shop, Bothel, Washington (near
Seattle) -Mike Halstad.
Larger coho net for coho (larger size and larger mesh).
Specify pink salmon fry net for both pink and chum migrants.
Can't make assurance of loanine nets -may be later if lack
of opera~ing funds continues.
-Mike Halstad, Eastside' Net Shop
-pink nets -may be 3 weeks to a month delivery from date of
ordering. Cost around $100.
-coho nets -better allow a month from date of ordering. Cost
about $300.
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United States Department of the Interior
~ IN REPLY REFER TO:
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
lOll E. TUDOR RD. HAtlZA ENGINEERLNG co. ..
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ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99503
(907) 276-3800
4=p. ;e;e,
Bate Received :2 -J J -51
Bour~ Ta .G -Kd/&zt(:'/ 12 FEB 1981
Mr. George Volland Ca.lJlJl2d fat Filia, tr '
F!*tI Numl!et'" . "" Harza Engineering Company
150 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606 £IciIiGatiaa
Sabjecl Be:ignMiJJl -Dear Mr. Volland:
We appreciate the opportunity to provide the following information concerning
the Black Bear Hydroelectric Project per your request of January 26, 1981.
One of our primary concerns in evaluating the project is whether all the reason-
able alternatives have been evaluated. If an alternative can be found that has.
an equal potential output and will be less damaging to the resource, we would
prefer the use of that alternative. In the testimony given at the January 19
meeting in Ketchikan. which representatives of our agency attended, it was
indicated that Reynolds Creek is such an alternative. We feel that the Reynolds
Creek alternative should be evaluated and the potential impacts on fish, wildlife
and recreational resources be compared with the potential impacts on these
resources at the Black Bear site.
In response to your request we feel that the following studies, in order of
priority, should be conducted to allow adequate assessment of potential impacts
of the project.
/' 1. Instream flow data should be gathered for the entire system, with particular
emphasis placed in that stretch of stream between Black Bear Lake and
Black Lake. Analysis of this data in conjunction with the historic flow
record would allow the formulation of recommended post-project flow
conditions. .
Fishery surveys should be conducted at a level of detail sufficient to allow
the formulation of population estimates for salmonids in the watershed.
Observations should also be made on the timing of salmon runs and location
of the spawning grounds for each species. This data could be collected at
the same time as the instream flow data, and would provide an integral part
of the basis for instream flow recommendations.
A reconnaissance of the estuarine environment should be conducted. One or
two surveys at different seasons of the year 'WOUld provide sufficient base-
line data to determine the potential impact of the project on this area.
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Wetlands should be located and classified. This information would allow
amenable siting of transmission lines, roads, etc. A single survey would
be sufficient, preferably conducted in mid-summer •
A reconnaissance inventory of furbearer populations, especially beaver and
species utilizing the present beaver impoundments should be conducted. This
could be done in conjunction with the wetlands inventory.
Eagle nests must be identified. Avoidance of nests will reduce or eliminate
destruction or desertion.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service intends to visit the project area in the
summer of 1981, to collect baseline information on the estuary and possibly
conduct raptor and waterfowl surveys. This data will be available and should
complement your study efforts. The Service also will participate as a review
agency and provide comments on specific project plans as they become available.
cc: Brent Petrie, Alaska Power Authority
C. Osborn, Ketchikan
_ADF&G, Ketchikan
-NMFS, Juneau
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Sincerely,
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FISH AND wt.:ifEfP~~ERVfCE -----
IN REf'!. YREFER TO: 1011 E.t.uDbrttf!{·'1
ANCHORAGE. ALASKA 99503 REC':'1VEO
(907) 276-3800 \JA.R 2 J 1981
Mr. Brent Petrie
Alaska Power Authority
18 MAR 1981
333 West 4th Avenue, Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Dear Mr. Petrie:
We appreciate the opportunity to 'respond to your request of January 26, 1981
regarding the Black Bear Hydroelectric project.
One of our primary concerns in evaluating any project which has the potential
for adversely impacting any of the fish, wildlife or recreational resources,
is whether or not all the possible alternatives have been evaluated. If an
alternative can be found that has an equal potential output and will be less
damaging to the resource, we would ~refer the use of that alternative. In
the testimony given at the January 19 meeting in Ketchikan, which representatives
of our agency attended, it was indicated that the Reynolds Creek alternative
had the capability of producing' more power and would have a longer useful life.
If this is the case, we would like to see a greater in-depth look taken at the
Reynolds Creek alternative and the probable impacts on the fish, wildlife and
recreational resources compared with the impacts on these resources at the
Black Bear site.
In reply to your request we feel that the following s~udies, in order of
priority, should be conducted:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Instream flow data should be gathered, preferably for the entire
system, but most importantly in that stretch of stream between
Black Bear Lake and Black Lake. This investigation should begin
immediately and continue until project completion to allow for
natural variation in stream flow. Data obtained would be used
to formulate instream flow recommendations.
Timing of runs, location of the spawning grounds and population
estimates of each salmon species should be determined. This data
should be collected over the same period as the instream flow
investigations. With this data it may be possible to mitigate
losses of spawning grounds and to enhance instream flow recommendations •
One or two surveys at different seasons should be conducted in the
estuarine area to establish baseline data to determine project impact •
Wetland areas should be identified to facilitate more prudent Siting
of project amenities, e.g. transmission lines, roads, etc. A single
survey should be sufficient.
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A furbearer survey should be conducted in conjunction with the wetland
survey to determine probable impacts, especially on beaver and species
utilizing beaver impoundments. Information would facilitate the
formulation of mitigation recommendations.
Waterfowl and eagle surveys should be conducted during spring and
fall migrations. By avoiding migration routes with the transmission
line, the number of electrocutions and bird strikes can be reduced.
Eagle nests should be identified in the project area. Avoidance of
nests will reduce or eliminate destruction or desertion.
The Fish and Wildlife Service intends to visit the area this summer. We
will gather a variety of data, but will put particular emphasis on obtaining
baseline information for the estuary. We will attempt to be there for at
least part of one of the salmon runs. It is anticipated that our raptor
and waterfowl biologists will be conducting surveys in the area this summer.
All of the information obtained by these surveys and studies can be made
available.
We thank you again for the opportunity to provide our comments and concerns.
Furthermore, we wish to extend an invitation to meet with us in the near
future so that we may coordinate individual study efforts.
Sincerely,
/} /1,) {."l'
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A.clUac A.ulst:aat Regional Director
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UNITED $TATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTU~e fteai*
FOREST SERVICE RJ~d r,
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Ket~~~:~~ ~ :~!!~! ng 99901 Pr1jGt1 .~
907 -225-3101 &1adcatiJi
Mr. George Volland
Harza Engineering.Company
150 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
L
Dear Mr. Volland:
Februar,y 25, 1981
We have reviewed the information presented on the Black Bear
HYdroelectric Project on January 19, 1981 as well as the additional maps
and information. There are several areas of concern that will be
addressed below:
•
. . :. ::' Fi sheri es
It is evident that existing base line data is insufficient to accurately
assess the effects of this project. Accurate descriptions and
evaluations of the fisheries resources of Black Bear Creek are lacking.
Therefore, effective analysis and evaluation of the effects of this
project are not possible to make at this time.
The following discussion is reflective of the 'concerns of the various
agency people regarding this project.
Agency biologists tend to agree that detailed fisheries resource data for
the Black Bear Creek system is somewhat sketchy. Anadromous salmonids
inhabiting this system are pink. chum. coho. and sockeye salmon" and
possible steel head trout. Both anadromous and resident dolly varden char
and cutthroat trout are thought to be present. Additionally" rainbow
trout were stocked in upper Black Bear Lake and have become established
as a reproduCing population. .
A stream survey of Black Bear Creek was conducted by ADFG in 1976. This
survey estimates the streams spawning habitat at approximately 63.812
square meters including the intertidal area. Past records indicate that
Black Bear Creek has supported escapements of up to 356,000 fish.
Average annual escapement for pink salmon for 31 years of record is
approxi~e1y 28,000 fish. During poor years, escapements have been only
a few hundred fish. The peak coho salmon escapement was 6,500 fish
in 1944.
Considering the magnitude of the escapements for Black Bear Creek and its
estimated habitat quantities, this stream should logically be considered
as a significant fish producer. This is especially true for pink and
coho salmon. A similar condition should hold true for chum salmon with
maximum recorded escapements of 8,000 to 10,000 fish. Little data are
available to indicate the potential of Black Bear Creek as a sockeye
salmon producer.
Based on the apparent significance of Black Bear Creek as a fish
producer, it would apear logical that a detailed stream survey should be
conducted. A Level IV or equivalent stream survey should be adequate to
determine the quantity, quality and distribution of fish habitat in Black
Bear Creek. Such data is an essential part of a sound data base. Such a
survey would also provide estimates of population densities for the
rearing fish species such as coho salmon, Dolly varden char, cutthroat
trout and steel head trout.
In addition to the Level IV stream survey, intensive escapement surveys
should be continued to determine accurate numbers of returning adult
salmon and their timing of entrance into the sytem.
The availability of the above mentioned data becomes significant when
evaluating the mode of operation of the hydroelectric project. Several
aspects must be considered when examining the project operation mode and
its potential effects on the streams aquatic resources. These are:
1. Tile Relationship Between Stream Stage, Discharge and Available
F1 sh Rabi tat.
This relationship is a potentially significant evaluation factor
for ~droelectric projects. The normal operation mode for a
hydroelectric project consists of daily and hourly variations in
discharge at the tailrace of a powerhouse. These variations
correspond to periodic changes in the demand for electric
energy. Powerhouse discharges during periods of base load
operation would normally be quite consistent. However, during
periods of peak power demand, greater discharges would occur.
Likewise, discharges could be ver.y low during periods of low
energy demand or water shortages. The magnitude of the
difference between discharges produced by changes in operation
mode can be significant.
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Changes in project operation mode and the resultant powerhouse
discharges can occur rapidly. The effects of these changes
occur downstream of the project. Rapid and major reductions in
discharge cause decreases in stream stage, dewatering of fish
spawning and rearing habitat, and stranding and mortality of
newly emergent and other juvenile fish. Similar effects have
resulted in significant fish mortalities on other streams
affected by hydroelectric projects.
Additionally, rapid reductions in stream discharge will result
in stranding of adult spawners and potentially the desiccation
and freezing of incubating fish eggs and a1evins. '
A1ternation'of The Stream Hydrograph.
Whenever a stream becomes affected by a hydroelectric project,
its flows theoretically become controlled. Such control results
in an alteration of the naturally occurring hydrograph. Short
term peak events, normally corresponding to flooding, are
reduced in magnitude and dispersed over a longer time period.
Similarily, extreme low flow events become less frequent. Low
flows will tend to become more stable. However. the magnitude
of these low flow conditions is subject to the specific •
characteristics of the project and its operation scheme. For
the Black Bear project, it is likely that a stabilized low flow
will be quite similar to the naturally occuring average low
flows in terms of total discharge over a long period of time. A
specific analysis of this aspect regarding Black Bear Creek is
not possible at this time.
Alternation of the Stream Temperature Regime.
The storage and subsequent release of water from a hydroelectric
reservoir has the p~tentia1 of affecting the temperature regime
of a stream. These effects are:
a.
b.
c.
Increased summer downstream temperatures when
generation and/or spill water is released from the
surface and epi1ymnion layers of a reservoir •
Decreased summer downstream temperatures when
generation and/or spill water is released from the
hypo1ymnion of a reservoir.
Increased downstream temperatures during the winter by
releasing reservoir waters that are generally warmer
than stream waters.
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The potential consequences of an altered stream temperature
regime would be the accelerated development of eggs and alevin
and an early emergence of fry to the stream and esturary.
Accelerated fry emergence subjects juvenile fish to less than
optimal environmental conditions. Potential mortality could be
significant.
The effects of an altered stream temperature regime in Black
Bear Creek cannot be fully evaluated at the present time.
However, preliminary data indicates that Lower Black Bear Lake
and tributary streams provide a buffering effect on the
temperature of the main stream. .
Black Bear Creek is currently classified as a temperature
sensitive stream. In addition, a local native corporation is
currently conducting extensive timber harvest in the Black Bear
Creek drainage, some of which is to be adjacent to the main
stream. Due to these conditions, it appears essential that a
true picture of. the proposed project effects on stream
temperature, including the potential compounding from ti~ber
harvest, be prepared and analyzed.
4. Loss Of Beaver Ponds and Coho Rearing Habitat. •
It has been currently anticipated that stream flow control
resulting fro~ the proposed project will reduce the magnitude
and frequency of flooding conditions in the area upstream of the
lowermost lake. This area is presently being extensively
utilized by beavers for ponds. Beaver ponds, by their nature,
provide an essential element to the rearing capabilities of
habitat utilized by coho salmon. Reductions in regular flooding
are anticipated to adversely affect the beaver ponds and
con~equently the rearing ability of the area for coho salmon.
S. Fluctuations In Reservoir Elevation.
The proposed Black Bear Project is expected to increase the
existing average elevation of the upper lake by 32 feet. This
lake and its tributary streams are presently supporting a
reproducing population of rainbow trout. These fish were
stocked into Black Bear Lake by ADFG.
The quantity, quality and distribution of spawning and rearing
habitat that supports this population of fish is presently
unknown. The potential effects of increasing the lake elevation
upon this population are also unknown.
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6. Potential Changes In The Stream Channel Integrity.
Alterations in the naturally occuring hydrography for Black Bear
Creek could potentially affect the integrity of the stream
channel. Peak flow events are generally essential in
maintaining the integrity and character of stream channels,
banks, and substrates in southeast Alaskan streams. Alterations
in the hydrograph could potentially result in reductions in the
fish producing capability of Black Bear Creek.
These previous discussions demonstrate that the consequences of
hydroelectric generation and the mode of project operation can
affect the fisheries resources of Black Bear Creek. Such effect
can be both positive and detrimental in nature. It is also
evident that insufficient data is available to adequately assess
these effects. In my opinion, it is the consenus of the
biologists reviewing the Black Bear Project, that additional
studies and data are required. These are as follows: .
1. Conduct detailed instream flow analysis of Black Bear
Creek for preproject, construction, and post
construction and project operation conditions. .
2. Conduct detailed surveys and analysis of the fisheries
habitats and capabilities of the entire Black Bear
Creek system.
3. Continue to monitor the temperature of Black Bear
Creek and its lakes.
4. Establish and monitor additional stream guage stations
throughout the drainage.
S. Conduct a thorough analysis of the environmental and
economic aspects of Black Bear Creek as it naturally
occurs in addition to those of project development and
operation.
Our fisheries biologist would have time available to discuss planning and
implementation of data gathering and evaluation procedures. A minimum
amount of time is available for reviewing procedures on the ground. No
time would likely be available for actual surveys and data gathering.
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Recreation
The only developed recreation site on National Forest land within the
Project area is the Black Bear Lake recreation cabin. The use of this
cabin is recorded by sale of use permits. The recorded use for 1980 was
234 visitor d~s (a visitor day is the equivalent of a 12 hour period;
1-12 hour to 12-1 hour visits). A total of 39 people used the cabin
staying a total of 31 days. The recreation period at Black Bear Lake is
from May 1 through November 30 with most use occuring during the months
of July, August and September. During the summer months, the cabin is
occupied approximately 1/3 of the time. The limiting factor to higher
use is the distance by air from the Ketchikan area.
The setting of Black Bear lake is unique due to the alpine character,
easy access for. alpine hiking and excellent rainbow fishing.
As the project goes into further planning stages, relocation or removal
of the cabin will have to be evaluated as it's present location would be
flooded. The sport fishlng resources of Black Bear lake must be
considered in project development.
Recreation in most of the project area is of a dispersed nature occuring
by hiking, sight seeing from aircraft and recreation driving. Of these,
recrea ti on dr1vi ng along the Hollis to Kl awock Highway is the heavi est
use. As this road is traveled more than any other road on Prince of
Wales, care must be taken to protect the visual resources. This wi·l1 be
discussed further under Visual Management.
No intensive recreation studies are identified at this time though
opportunities for development of recreation opportunity below Black Bear
lake should be considered. Forest Service recreation personnel are
available to review the situation on the ground and provide joint
recommendations for treatment of the recreation resource.
Visual Resource Management
A. Transmission Line Corridor
The transmission line route generally follows a major portion of
the main road system between Craig, Klawock and HYdaburg. This
part of the road system is now and will be in the future one of
the heaviest traveled routes on Prince of Wales Island. In
addition this route has several high scenic and recreation
values that should be considered.
In the past few weeks we have made preliminary investigation of
some of these critical areas and will continue this work through
the next several weeks. HARZA ENCLNEElUNC CO.
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One primary concern is the numerous crossings of the highway by
the transmission line. This visually degrades the viewing
experience and should be minimized where possible.
Other sensitive areas along the transmission corridors are along
Black Bear Creek and Black Lake.
We would like to be able to spend some time in the field with
your transmission line engineers investigating the various
alternate locations.
B. Dam and Reservoir
The Black Bear Lake area has some of the most spectacular
mountain and alpine scenery on the Ketchikan Area. Probably the
biggest environmental impact of the project is that of the dam
and reservoir on the scenic and recreational values around the
lake and the stream below the lake. Hence a major emphasis of
the environmental analysis should be a complete assessment of
the scenic and recreation impacts of this project on the area
around the lake and possible mitigating measures.
We would like to spend some time in the area on the water, on
foot and in the air gathering data to do this analysis. This
should take place in the late spring or early summer when most
of the snow is gone.
Soil Resource
Soil resource impacts will result primarily from road construction and
aggragate source sites.
A. Road Construction
By studying available soils, topographic maps and aerial photos
it is app~rent that the proposed road location along the east
side of Black Lake will present difficult construction. It is
estimated that a substantal cut will occur for at least 500
feet. The potential for slope failure and mass movement may be
high. The potential for sedimentation into Black Lake from
debris slides or from movement of rock and common material
during blasting and excavation should be evaluated.
A detailed geotechnical survey of the proposed road location is
needed to determine bedding/orientation of the bedrock and
stability of the slope.
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B. Agg! Site
Theggregate, if located on National Forest land
shOified. Prior to approval as a site, a detailed
sit be needed showing volumes of total excavation
andwashing and sorting procedures. A description of
anynds for treatment of water from the operation
wou'.
It 'that these soils issues be addressed early in
thethey relate directly to sedimentation effects on
fis~ar Creek.
Archeological
No further arsurveys are needed at this time. Should the
transmission Iy impact the seasonal village site at Nutzune
Bay. further Jf the site would be required. It is understood
that the cur"' will route the transmission corridor east of
that site.
These are the! have until such time as we have the opportunity
to review the, Report and Application for License. Please·
feel free to ~ Barber of this office for clarification of any issues.
Sincerely.
~-~ v'\ ~;:-RUOPP
Recreaton. La~r Program "Manager
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I--IAR.ZA ENGINEERING COMPANY CONSULTING ENGINEERS
• 1980 -Our 60th Year •
Ms. Judy Schwartz
Environmental Analysis Branch
MS-443
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
February 12, 1981
Subject: Information on the proposed Black Bear Lake
Hydroelectric Project, Southeast Alaska
Dear Ms. Schwartz:
With this letter I am enclosing the information you requested
when I spoke to you by telephone earlier today. The items are:
1) Handout distributed at the 19 January agency
meeting in Ketchikan,
2) Project summary letter to Alaska Power
Authori ty (APA),
3) Chapter B-II.(Project description) and Appendix
B-C (environmental evaluation) from our October
1979 Reconnaissance Report to APA, and
4) Phase I Black Bear Lake Aquatic Study report,
prepared for us by Mr. D. M. Bishop.
Maps and layouts are included in the above to facilitate your
review.
The specific concerns that you mentioned EPA may have, i.e.,
mass wasting on steep slopes, borrow and fill areas, and project
effects on water quality, will be addressed in depth in the FERC
150 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60606
TEL. (312) 855.7000 CA8LE: HARZENG CHICAGO TELEX 25-3540
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Ms. Judy Schwartz
February 12, 1981
Page Two
License Application. Other environmental concerns identified by
APA, Harza, and other state and federal agencies will, of course,
also be discussed in detail, along with proposed mitigation
measures.
Please do not hesitate tq call me at 312/855-7050 if I can be of
further assistance.
cc: (w/out enclosure)
Petrie-Mohn, APA
G. V. Volland
J. H. Thrall
Files
Very truly yours,
~ all;;-VV'-l, /~
John P. Robinson
Aquatic Ecologist and·
project Scientist
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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
REPLY TO
ATTENTION OF,
NPAEN-PL-EN
Mr. Eric P. Yould
Executive Director
Alaska Power Authority
333 West 4th Avenue
Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Dear Mr. Yould:
ALASKA DISTRICT. CORPS OF ENGINEERS
P.O. BOl( 7002
ANCHORAGE. ALASKA 991510
ItARZA ENCINEERiNC CO.
ral~ Received
;
MAR 1981
This is in reference to your 26 January 1981 letter concerning
environmental investigations for the Black Bear Hydroelectric project.
We appreciate this opportunity to provide input into your next phase
of environmental investigation (i.e. environmental monitoring and
analysis program) for the above cited project. Unfortunately, no-
previous correspondence has been received by this office requesting
input into your initial program development, and no proposed project
description has been provided.
If you desire our input, we would appreciate a complete descr'iption of
'proposed activities, and a summary of environmental investigation
completed to date. In general, the Corps of Engineers has regulatory
jurisdiction over excavation or placement of dredge or fill material
in the waters of the United States under Section 10 of the River and
Harbors Act of 1899 and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act of 1977.
The discharge of the dredged or fill material in the waters of the
United States will be evaluated by the guidelines set forth in 40 CFR
230. If the effects of the activity are not adea~ately addressed in
an environmental document, the Corps of Engineers cannot adopt the
document for its regulatory responsibility. If the environmental
document is not adopted, the necessary information for permit
issuance, if app1 icable, will still be required, and a possible delay
in construction could occur. -
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NPAEN-PL-EN
Mr. Eric P. Yould 3 . MAR 198\
.If .further detail s are desired by your staff, contact can be made with
Mr. Lloyd Fanter of the Environmental Resources Section at 752-2572.
Sincerely,
HARLAN E. MOORE
Chief, Engineering Division
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Mr. George Volland~
Harza Engineering Company
150 South Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606 ~ -: :i~~~~zJ ;0 ~~_, ____ .~ ' .
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Presently, we have three fishery biologists stationed at our southeast
Alaska field office in .Juneau. Their 1981 field season ;s already allocated
to several large, long-tenn projects like the U.S. Forest Service 1984-1989
timber sale, the U.S. Borax mining project, and the British Columbia
Hydroelectric project. Due to our manpower and financial constraints, we
cannot provide field studies or financial support for your project at this
time. However, our priorities are reviewed annually. So, the Black Bear
project could receive additional consideration from our agency next year.
If we can be of further assistance, please let us know.
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Transmittal (McVey to Volland)
Fishery Resources
Black Bear ~dro
(page 1 of 6)
There is a scarcity of fisheries resource information about the Black Bear
system. Our present knowledge of the system comes from a 1976 ADF&G stream
~urvey, 26 years of aerial surveys for pink salmon, and the 1980 aquatic
hydrol.ogy survey prepared by Environaid.
From stream survey work it has been estimated that the Black Bear system
contains 31,906 square meters of spawning habitat. The average escapement
count for pink salmon over the 26 year period was 30,920.fish. However, in
the mid-forties there were two extremely strong years producing runs of
350,000 and 110,000 pink salmon. Besides these peak runs, counts have
.~anged from 62,000 fish in 1963 to 490 fish in 1953.
OccaSionally, the timing of other runs of salmon have coincided with
those of pink salmon. When this has occurred~ escapement estimates
were made for these species as well. Based on this data~ we know that
chum salmon runs have been as high as 10,000 fish~ coho salmon runs have
been as high as 6,500 fish, and sockeye runs have been as high as 700 fish.
Sport fish species reported from the Black Bear system include Dolly Varden char,
. cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and steelhead trout. RainbOW trout were
originally introduced into Black Bear Lake by the release of hatchery fish.
These fish have since established a self-sustaining population.
Based on our present information the Black Bear system should be considered
as a significant producer of pink salmon~ chum salmon, and coho salmon.
Because it is accessible by road and because it supports a variety of sport
fish species this system should be considered a s)gnificant sport fishing
resource.
Salmonid Habitat Use Within
The Black Bear System
1. Tidewater to Black Lake
It is believed that most, if not all, of the pink and chu1n salmon
spawning grounds within the Black Bear system lie beoieen the 3 1/2 miles
of stream separating tidewater and Black lake. Also, this region is believed
to ~~ heavily used by Dolly'Varden char, cutthroat trout, steelhead trout,
~nd coho salmon for both spawning and rearing.
II.. Bl ack lake
Black lake is believed to be the major rearing grounds of juvenile
sockeye salmon. These fish are most corr.monly found in pelagic schools
> over the shoal areas of a lake. Black lake is probably the major
over-wintering grounds for sea-run Dolly.Varden char and cutthroat
~t. During winter~ these fish typicallyfnhabitthe deeper sections
of a lake •. Gravelly stream areas directly below Black lake and gravelly
spring areas within Black Lake are two likely areas used as spawning
nabitat by sockeye salmon.
II N
111. Black Bear Creek to Falls
Slack Bear Hydro
:(page ·2 ad 6)
Black Bear Creek has a slow current and a sandy substrate upstream of
Black Lake for 1/2 mile. This area should provide good rearing habitat
for juvenile Dolly Varden char and coho salmon. Additionally~ this region
contains several beaver dam ponds that are thought to provide rearing
habitat for juvenile coho salmon. Dolly Varden char. and possibly sockeye
salmon. .
Above this sandy region for about 1/2 mile, Black Bear Creek has a
steeper gradient. As a result, this section is characterized by a
moderate to fast current and a gravel substrate. \~,e suspect that
sockeye salmon, coho salmon. Dolly Varden char, cutthroat trout and
steelhead trout use this area for both spawni.ng and rearing.
IV. Falls to Black Bear Lake
One mile above Black Lake a falls occurs on Black Bear Creek. This falls
creates an impass for adult salmonids. So, the only use that the upper
most 3/4 mile between Black Bear Lake and the falls receives is by resident
rainbow trout. These fish probably use the area for both spawning and
reari.ng.
Potential Dam Related 1m pacts
I. '. A 1 tetati on of Natural Flows
. Water discharge rates that result in lowered stream flows during critical
'time periods can be detrimental to salmonid production. For instance,
low stream flows during spawning could dewater potential spawning
grounds so that they are no longer accessible by adult spawners. Another
. critical time period is \.,inter. Reduced winter f10vls couldal10ltl anchor
. ice to form in shallow water redds. This would kill both eggs andalevins.
In some streams annual high f1o\is are necessary to clean' and stir spawning
gravel. Otherwise, this gravel would compact enough to prevent fish
. from constructing suitable spawning redds. On the other hand, extremely
high flood flows could be detrimental at certain times of the year. -1f
-flood flo\,/S cause the erosion of spawning bed gravels., eggs and a1evins
could be \'1ashed from their redds. This would kill both eggs and alevins.
11 Rapid Fluctuation of Flows
Water discharge rates that cause large, sudden changes in stream flows
can be detrimental to salmonids. Juvenile salmonids can be stranded in
shallow water pools rapidly fluctuating stream flows. Some juvenile
'salmonids prefer stream areas that contain a 1m'lered water velocity and
. overhead cover. These areas are often the shallow water ~dges of streams
that tend to get cut off from the main channel when stream discharges are
decreased. Studies have found that because of their territorial behavior
and habitat preferences, juvenile sa1monids are reluctant to leave these
shallow water areas.
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II 1 • .b.2!.!..2!. Reari n9 Habi tat
Black Bear Hydro
(page 3 of 6)
Beaver ponds are prime rearing areas for juvenile coho salmon and Dolly
Varden char. The loss of these areas to salmonid production can substantially
reduce the.prOductivity of a system. A lowering of stream flows during
critical t1mes of the year could keep migrant fry from entering or leaving
the beaver ponds. This would effectively keep beaver ponds from being
used by salmonids. .
Additionally, beavers require wetland habitat in order to survive. If
stream discharges are lowered so that surrounding wetland habitat is reduced
beaver habitat will be adversely affected. A result could be the loss of '
beaver ponds and therefore. the.loss of salmoni~ rearing habitat.
Adult salmonids can also be affected by sudden variations in stream flow
'rates. A sudden lowering of the water level could strand adult spawners
1n back water holding pools. Wide variations in daily flow rates have
been found to disrupt spawning behavior and cause adult salmonids to
prematurelY leave their redds.
IV.. Changes.i!l. Water Quality
Stream temperature change is another way in which a dam can impact
s~lmonid habitat. Stream temperature can affect egg and alevin develop-
ment in several ways. The way eggs and alevins are affected is
dependent upon their precise developmental stage at the time of the
temperature change. However, a prolonged exposure to above normal
stream temperatures will decrease the redd development time
required by e9gs and alevins. This will cause early fry emergence
from the redd. For pink and chum salmon, this \'/ould mean that fry
would arrive in marine waters earlier in the year. Since marine waters
are not affected by dam discharge temperatures, pink and chum fry could
arrive before the first s.easonal zooplankton bloom. These fr.y would
prob~bly experience decreased growth and increased mortality as a result.
Supersaturation of water with air is a potentially serious fisheries
problem ariSing from hydroelectric dams. Typically, supersaturation is
caused by plunge pool situations where water entrains air under high
pressure. Salmonids exposed to air-supersaturated water have been
observed to suffer a range of phYSiological effects. Both decreased
sw1mming stamina and increased oxygen consumption, stress related events,
occur when salmonids are exposed to air-supersaturated' \~ater. Additional
physiological problems that have been documented are blood chemistry
changes and a condition called gaS-bubble disease. The latter condition
is frequently lethal to fish. . .
Black Bear Hydro
(page 4 of 6)
ReCQmrnend~d Preproject Studies for
a1atk Sear Hydroelectric Project
Tne major area that wgy1d be impacted by the proposed hydroelectric dam
is that portiOn Of ClaCk Bear Creek from Black Lake upstream to the falls.
ACcaraihg to Mr. Daniel e1ShOp Qf Environaid, Black Lake would substantially
mggerate the effuGt of the dam upon the lower sections of Black Bear Creek.
Aggitionaliy! the ttibytaries that flow into Black Lake and Black Bear
Creek wouia help mggerate the effect of the proposed dam.
FiSheries Studies
••
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We r'eCgmmena that the ln$tream flow assessment technique developed by !>--Co
the u.S. Fish ang ~~iidlife Service's Cooperative Instream Flow Service Group
(BOVee i978~ Bovee and COChn8Uer 1977~ Bovee and M1lhous 1978, Trihey 1979, ..
19BO~ ana 1980) be the primary study performed on that section of Black
Bear Cteek between £>1 aCk lake and the fall s. \~e bel; eve that the rep-
resentative reach concept of the Instream Flow Group (IGF) as defined by _
Trl hey (i 979) 15 best su1 t(1!O for thi $ area. We forsee all habi tat requi remen
of salmonigs~ i.e. spawning, egg and alevin incubation, fry outmigration, -,
.nd JUveni le rearing ~ being addressed by thi s study. _
tt, . Stream Syrvtys
In adolt'i on to the 1 n~trealfl f1 Ow assessment study, \'1e recommend that
it~ta1ieg spa\~fl1f19 and rearing sUY'veys be performed. Spawning surveys
!titml~geternril'le the tim1ng of the salmon runs, size of the salmon runs,
inti lbcatHlh gf the spawning iU'lH'S~ Rearing surveys should be used to
tI~t~rm'ifle the various rearing areas of juvenile salmonids. Both types .of
iurveys ~hoYlo in~lyde tr1butaries and beaver ponds of the upper Black
.. -·-·ieat ~yttem ..
'lll~ ~ tmerpem:e Surveys
A tt~ emergEhte 'tuoy is needed to determine the typical redd life of
ln~ubatifl9 eggs ang alev1ns. rry emergence times should be correlated
~lth ~YMulatlVe t~mperature units (one unit equals one degree above 32 degree~,
f foY' a petlotl Of 24 hours) to dttennine the effects of a changed temperature
~~~ ~
IV. Ulke SYf'vty.s
The ~rlmaf'Y tf'ltn4lary ot B'~tk Lak@ is upper Black Bear Creek •. Regulation
tiT this stream tOu·ld 1f1fluente w~ter levels \'lithin Black Lake. Therefore,
)9f<e %Uf'v~ '~()yld b~ p~rform~d 'to document shal1o\'1 water spa~'ining and
~l"'ln9 ii~a~ llithifl tnatk lak~"
....
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1.
Hydrologic Studies
~ Gaging Station
Black Bear Hydro
(page 5 of 6)
The present U. S. (ieological Survey (USGS) gaging station is located
at the outlet of Black Bear Lake. This is a stategic location for a
gaging station. This gaging station monitors flow rates that will
, have the same hydrological and biological relationships as the
discharge flow rates from the proposed dam.
We recommend that the USGS gaging station be monitored through 1981-
It was installed last June. So, one additional year of stream data
would significantly increase our present data base.
11. Non-continuous Gaging Stations
There are three additional areas where we need hydrologic information.
One of these areas is at the mouth of the main tributary to upper Black
Bear Creek, directly below the falls. This tributary adds significant
flows to upper Black Bear Creek. It should help moderate the water
fluctuation caused by a dam. To determine its impact, we need to know
how this stream affects the temperature and stream flow of upper Black
.Bear Creek.
Another area ,,,here \-/e need additional hydrologi c information is Black
lake. The shallow water areas of a lake usually provide the best rearing
habitat for rearing salmonids. Therefore, we need to know how the water
levels of Black Lake are affected by stream flows from upper Black Bear
Creek ..
The third area that needs additional hydrologic information is the outflow
of Black Lake. We need to know how upper Black Bear Creek and Black Lake
affects the outflow, i.e.~ lower Black Bear Creek. This information is
necessary to determine what effects a dam would have on the fishery
resources of the 10\'1er Bl ack Bear system.
ln~ 1l!!!. Collection
We recomnend that non-continuous gaging stations be established at the
above three sites. i-Ie suggest that water height, \'/ater flow, and \·,ater
~;';:Iperature be monitored at each station. This data could be correlated
~th data~rom the Black Bear Lake continuous gaging station. The result
would be an indication of how \'/ater discharge rates and water tempe'rature
regimens from the proposed dam \",ould affect the major salmonid producing
waters of the Black Bear system.
These hYdrology studies could then be coupled with the recommended
fisheries studies to provide a \'1ide base of information. He believe that
"the potential fisheries impacts from the proposed darn can be determined
by this approach.
i ,
I
I
I
1
literature Cited
~lack Bear Hydro
(page 6 of 6)
.Bovee, K.D. 1978. Probability-of use criteria for the family salmonidae.
. Cooperative Instream Flow Service Group, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Fort Collins, CO. Instream Flow Information Paper No.4. 80pp.
Bovee, K.D. and T. Cochnauer. 1977. Development and evaluation of weighted
criteria, probabi1ity-of-use curves for instream flow assessments.
Cooperative Instream Flow Service Group, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Fort Collins, CO. Instream Flow Information Paper No.5. l30pp.
Bovee, K.D. and R. Mi1hous. 1978. Hydraulic simulation ·in instream flow
studies theory and techniques. Cooperative Instream Flow Service Group,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Instream Flow Infor-
mation Paper No.5. 130pp.
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Trihey, E.W. 1979. The IFG incremental methodology. Pages 24-44 in G.T. Smith ede
Workshop in instream flow habitat criteria and modeling. Colorado Water .w
Resources Research Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO •
lnformation Series No. 40.
• 1980. Field data collection procedures for use with the IFG-2 and
------~IFG_4 hydraulic stimulation models. Draft. Cooperative Instream Flow
Service Group, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, Co. 89pp.
__ ....,:. 1980. Field data reduction and coding procedures for use "lith the
IFG-2 and IFG-4 hydraulic simulation models. Draft. Cooperative Instream
....
Flow Service Group, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. 3l5pp. h-
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2. Agency and Public Responses to Draft
Feasibility Study and June 1981
Agency Meeting and Site Visit
PIa W" Ii-r'
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,,"* )'3 WEST 4th AVENUE -SUITE 31 . ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 277-7641
(907) 276-2715
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Hr. Ed'tla rd Head
Alaska Timber Corporation
P. O. Box 69
Klawock, AK 99925
Dear ~1r. Head:
Nay 18, 1981
Enclosed for your review and comment is a copy of Draft Feasibility
Report: Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project prepared for the
Alaska Power Authority by Harza Engineering Company and CH2M Hill -
Northwest, Inc. We would appreciate receiving any written comments
you have on the study by the close of business June 19,1981.
Upon receipt and review of comments v-Ie intend to submit a 1 icense
application for construction of this proj~ct to the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission. Contracts for additional environmental
studies and project design \olill be initiated during the summer of 1981.
If you have commented to us previously on this project, you may
wish to review pertinent sections of the report that might address
your previous input. If you have not yet commented, we encourage
you to do so if you have concerns or an interest in the project.
Your input can help us finalize design of field studies and consider
operating parameters.
The Alaska Power Authority plans to schedule a series of public
meetings in Craig, Klawock, and Hydaburg in June to discuss the report
and we will notify you when arrangements are finalized.
Please direct any inquiries or comments to:
Brent Petrie
Project Manager
Alaska Power Authority
333 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
907 277-7641
Sincerely,
I / /.-/ . __ -1 + /./) / ~ . /!.: ./Ip l1u/ ~/Lc.Af. " / -
~ ,./l'-1 E ric P. You 1 C
Executive Director
cc: Ken Leonardsen, Harza Engineering Co.
Ron Rieland, CH2M Hill
Enclosure
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•.... ~~.'.:~ .. '.~ .. ~:: "/~
.. I -DISTRIBUTION OF THIS LETTER AND REPORT
Robert Martin, Jr., P.E. Bob Ba 1 d\·1i n (2 copies) Tlingit Haida Regional Electric Authority
P. O. Box 2517
Juneau, AK 99503
A-95 Coordinator
Division of Research
Alaska Department of
323 E. Fourth Avenue
Anchorage, AK 99501
& Development ~
Natural Resources
Ra 1 ph \~i 1 son
President ,
Alaska Power and Telephone
P. O. Box 222
Port Townsend, WA 98368
Mr. Merle Snavely
Alaska Power and Telephone Co.
Gene}~a 1 De 1 i very
Craig, AK 99921
tk. Edward Head
Alaska Timber Corporation
P. O. Box 69
Klawock, AK 99925
Randy Bayliss
Regional Sup~rvisor
Alaska Department of
Environmental Conservation
P. O. Box 2420
Juneau, AK 99803
r1a r Wi nega r
District Manager
Alaska Division of Forest,
Land and Water Management
Pouch MA
Juneau, AK 99811
Commissioner Lee McAnerney
Alaska Department of Community and
Regional!Affairs
Pouch [3
Juneau, AK 99811
(~e(l)'ge r~a tz
Di vi s i on of Budget and f'lc1nagelllent
Office of the Governor
POlich A
Juneau, AK 99811
~1urray \>Jalsh
Office of Coastal Management
Pouch AP
Juneau, .AK 99811
Don Kelly ( 3 copies)
Area Habitat Biologist
Habitat Section
Alaska Department of Fi5h and Game
415 Main Street #208
Ketchikan, AK 99801
Dennis Dooley
Division of Planning and Programming
Alaska Department of Transportation
and Pub1ic,Facilities'
Pouch Z
Juneau, AK 99811
Bruce Baker
A-95 Coordinator
State Clearinghouse
Office of the Governor
Pouch AD
Juneau, AK 99811
Mr. Robert Loescher (2 cODies)
Director, Natural Resources '
Sealaska Corporation
One Sealaska Plaza
Juneau. AK 99801
Mr. Leonard Kato. President
Klawock Heenya Corporation
P. O. Box 25
Klawock, AK 99925
Patrick Gardner, President
Shaan Seet. Inc.
P. O. 80x 90
Craig. AK 99921
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Mr. Lorin Sanderson
Haida Corporation
P. O. Box 89
Hydaburg, AK 99922
The Honorable John Morris
r~ayor
Ci ty of Hydaburg
P. O. Box 49
Hydaburg, AK 99922
The Honorable James Sprague
~klyor
City of Craig
P. O. Box 23
Craig, AK 99921
The Honorable Robert George
Mayor
Ci ty of Kl awock
P. O. Box 113
Klawock. AK 99925
Mr. Robert Sanderson
P. O. Box 57
Hydaburg. AK 99922
Mr. Andrew Ebona
Executive Director
Tlingit-Haida Central Council
One Sealaska Plaza, Suite 200
Juneau, AK 99801
Robert Cross
Alaska Power Administration
P. O. Box 50
Juneau, AK 99802
~'Ii ke Ni shimoto
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
P.O. Box 1287
Juneau, AK 99802
Judy Sch\'/artz
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
nS-4t,3
1200 6th Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
Col. Lee Nunn
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
P. O. Box 7002
Anchorage, AK 99510
John vI. Ruopp
Recreation, Lands and Water
Program r~anager
Tongass National Forest
Federal Building
Ketchikan, AK 99901
Robert H. lvlcVey
Regional Director
National Marine Fisheries Service
P. O. Box 1668
Junequ, AK 99802
The Honorable Robert Zeigler
Alaska State Senate
Pouch V
Juneau. AK 99811
The Honorable Terry Gardiner
House of Representatives
Alaska State Legislature
Pouch V
Juneau, AK 99811
Th Honorable Oral Freeman
House of Representatives
Alaska State Legislature
Pouch V
Juneau, AK 99811
The Honorable Jim Duncan
Speaker of the House
Alaska State Legislature
Pouch V
~uneau, AK 99811
•
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c.qy~ ~
333 WEST 4th AVENUE· SUITE 31 . ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 277·7641
(907) 276-2715
June 5, 1981
----
Dear
Enclosed is a report on the spring 1981 outmigrant fry trapping
in the Black Lake-Black Bear Lake system. This information is scpplemental
data to the Black Bear Lake Project Feasibility Report which you have
already received in draft form.
We have scheduled a trip to the project site on Monday, June 15,1981
and will be leaving Ketchikan about 9;00 a.m. A detailed itinerary will
follow by mai 1.
Copies to;
Don Cornelius,ADF&G
Ed Johnson, USFS
Mike Nishimoto,USFWS
Ed Norrell,NMFS
Rick Harris, Sealaska
b c-c.. ~ U (X \.\ "'6: s kO(? I 1::),\ v; V-~ e.. : c:)
~a..c..)(.,. 1<. ~ ~ "" C) ~ \ H~ \r 1. A...
){ 'e.1A l-eC>y\A.v~SC"'><o...} M&l.-'2. c:...
Sincerely,
Brent N. Petrie
Project Manager
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333 WEST 4th AVENUE· SUITE 31 . ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 . 6~/
0'/
c:/7£ June 9, 1981
Dear~UL + ~ l
/7/ei?
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Buza DOQftEalllG CO.
• Pi iOlI~. (g", J 27' ., r3<1 j '* IIctiNt (9
0
7;e I.
~,lrjzd Ti k . ~
l._~" "J M rdiq " .C'"~/ .
1~inj~.1 ~llilhlt _ /Z.6'::/ t!?
Ctmificdtilll
SUjtd Il«sipll"" -;;:;::: C /./ .
.. .
In earlier correspondence dated May 18, 1981, we transmitted a copy of the
Black Bear Lake Feasibility Report for your review and comment. In that letter,
we advised you that scheduling of community meetings was in progress. Those
meetings are now scheduled per the enclosed announcement. In addition, Alaska
Power Authority and Harza Engineering Company staff have scheduled a work ses-
sion with the resource agencies to discuss the development of this upcoming
season's environmental program. .
The work session is scheduled for:
Monday
June 15, 1981
3:15 p.m.
Second Floor Conference Room
State Office Building
415 Main Street
Ketchikan, Alaska
The specific objective of the agency meeting is to finalize this summer1s
work program for fishery surveys and set specific goals for other environmental
studies associated with the power project and transmission line. The meeting
is scheduled late in the day to allow for a site visit earlier in the day by
staff from ADf&G, National Marine Fisheries Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service and Forest Service and will likely run past 5:00 p.m. APA and Harza
staff will be available for additional consultation and coordination in Ketchikan
until noon on Tuesday, June 16.
I urge all participants in the meeting to have read the environmental sec-
tion of Black Bear Lake Feasibility report and look forward to meeting with you.
If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact me at
907-277-7641.
FOR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Enclosures: As stated
E::;/-/Mk
Brent N. Petrie
Project Manager
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c ALASliA I-OlVEll AU'I'\IIOltl'I'Y hih; @-
333 WEST 4th AVENUE· SUITE 31 . ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501. Phon~: (907) 277·7641
(907) 276-2715-
If. •
June 10, 1981 • UlABZA ENGINEERING -co. -
Mr. Ronald W. Wendte
Executive Director
Aquaculture Association,
P.O. Box 6916
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
lafe Received t, _ / L) --57 I
n~ul~~ To £. ~;-"
:: :~d lor filing b, -
1 : ' .. : lIumber /'Zcf"¢B-
Clci'i fica lion
Inc.
SuhjeC1 Designation
Dear Mr. Wendte:
Given your interest in hydroelectric projects in southern southeast Alaska
and their potential for operating to enhance the natural fishery or provide
water supplies to hatcheries, we are enclosing a draft copy of the Black
Bear ~ake Project Feasibility Report by Harza Engineering Company andCH2M
. Hill Northwest, Incorporated. Also enclosed is a copy of the Q;stribution
list of an earlier letter and copies of the report.
If you wish to comment for S.S.R.A.A. we would appreciate your written
comments to:
Mr. Brent Petrie
Project Manager
Alaska Power Authority
333 West Fourth Avenue, Suite 31
Anchorage,. Alaska 99501
(907) 277-7641
by 4:30 p.m •• Friday, June 26, 1981.
In addition I will be in Ketchikan on Monday and part of Tuesday, June 15
and 16, 1981 and will try to call you. I \'/ill be staying at the ~lar;ne
View Hotel Sunday and Monday nights and will have some of the Harza engineers
and scientists~vailable if you have specific questions or comments. The
number at the Marine View is 225-6601.
Enclosure: as stated
Brent N. Petrie
Project Manager
cc: Ken Leonardsen, Harza Engineering Co.
Jack Robinson, Harza Engineering Co.
Dan Bishop, Environaid
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J.\\lLJ.~\§ll~l\\ 1t Cl; Yr-,~r il~llt 1~ UJ'jrUliQD IHUfJl"Y ,~
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333 WEST 4th AVENUE· SUITE 31 . ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501
Mr. Lem Guluka
Earl Combs, Inc.
9725 Southeast 36th Street
Mercer Island, WA 98040
Dear Mr. Guluka:
June 11. 1981
~ale Received
;l.HrH To
Phone: (907) 2-17-7641
(907) 276-2715
.(' ~d lor FiliRa by __ --:; -----
/284 B
Enclosed per your telephone request of today is one draft copy of the
Black Bear Lake Project Feasibility report. Your client communities of
Craig and Klawock have also received draft copies. Public meetings on
the project are scheduled June 16 -Hydaburg, June 17 -Craig, and
June 18 -Klawock.
The comnent period is open through June 26,1981. If you have any questions
or comments please do not hesitate to call.
Enclosure
Brent N. Petrie
Project Manager
cc: Ken Leonardson -Harza Engineering
tllnqlt &, halOa Qeqlonal electQlcal authoQlty
P.O. Box 2517 • Juneau, Alaska 99803 • (907) 789-3196
,June 10, 1981
I1E.021VED
H.t:.rC':f .. !-::~;\::;:~r":Eill_i'YG C().
--_\~>1151931
V~tc Here:vcd ~ :l4 f?/ Brent Petri e 1)(1! ·L-:-:-;7{..r.~\ 'i'O~\j;'~; ,':J~hCR1TY
Alaska Power Authority It,,l.!ed. To. r..lcfJAlI~.
333 West 4th Avenue -Sui te 31 C:a~S!h2d fat Fllmg by
Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Projer.1 Number -----
CJa~Uicalion
D ea r B re n t : Stilijecl DesignatioD
The following comments are submitted on the draft reports, Volume 1 and 2 of
the Draft Feasibility Report of the Black Bear Lake Project.
1. Volume 1, page 3, number 6, my impression was that the temperature changes
would also have a tendency to counteract temperature increases resulting
from logging operations in the area.
2. Page 4, under "Construction Costs" water wheels is mispelled. Under the
same title, the January 1981 Construction Cost has an error, the project
should not cost $128,000,000. I believe that should be $28,000,000.
3. The comments on page 6 relating to availability of logs for Alaska Timber
Corporation might be somewhat mitigated by requesting letters from Klawock
Heenya Corporation, asking for their opinion of availability of logs for
the ATC Operation. It is my understanding that the ATC does have and will
have continued support from the native corporation as far as having a
continued supply of logs.
4. Page 1 -9, first paragraph, the 7.2/12.4 kv line should more properly be
rounded to 7.2/12.5.
5. Page 1 -9, paragraph 2, the recommended transmission route recommends
gOing across the low saddle and along Half Mile Creek to the Hollis Road.
My discussions with contractors in the area indicate that unless the non
road miles indicate considerable savings in mileage, it would be much
cheaper to build along the road that to go across country. There appears
to be no discussion in this paragraph indicating reasons for selecting this
overland route rather than the road route.
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Brent Petrie
June 10, 1981
Page -2-
6. Page 1 -11, last paragraph, the second line, the word existing is mispe11ed.
7. -Page 1 -13, last paragraph, excavation is mispe11ed in the fifth line.
8. Page 1 -14, Has any consideration been given to construction of the Black
Bear Lake to Klawock Power Line in advance rather than using two 1,000
KW diesel generators to provide power for construction?
9. Page 1 -18, your estimate for roads and bridges is $660,000. I believe
that a logging road would be adequate, that is one lane wide turn offs
every 1,000 feet. They build those things for about $80,000 a mile
10. 11m still amazed at the amount that the project has increased during the
last year. We originally started off at $12,000,000. The next study showed
$17,000,000 with a total project cost of $30,000,000. Now we are looking
at a project cost of $28,000,000 with funding requirements estimated to be
$40,000,000. The preliminary parts of the study shows that this increase
is caused by going to a tunnel, but on page 2 -3, it indicates that the
tunnel is only adding 15% more, so 11m not clear as to where all the extra
cost is coming from.
11. Page 2 -4, last paragraph, you indicate a value of energy as ll¢ per KWH
from diesel and 0 & M is 2¢/KWH. I believe just the value of diesel fuel
used to produce our electricity is greater than 11¢/KWH. In fact, I believe
that our diesel fuel now is so high that it costs 12.3¢/KWH just for diesel
fuel. In addition, our operation and maintenance costs are nearly equal
system wide to what we are paying for fuel.
12. Page 3 - 4 shows that Sealaska bought Ocean Cape Beauty Seafoods. That should
be Ocean Beauty Seafoods.
13. Page 3 -5, first line, harvest is mispe11ed.
14. Page 3 -6, the second paragraph under "Future Economic Activityll, I believe
that this paragraph does not take into consideration that logging activities
in the lower "48" is severely declined so there would be an excess of
qualified people available from that area and there may be enough people to
harvest what is planned. However, a constraint which is not addressed in
-this paragraph is the present low prices for timber products which has severely
impacted the amount of timber being harvested by the corporations.
Brent Petrie
June 10, 1981
Page -3-
15. Page 3 -7, paragraph 3. The paragraph states that there is no evidence of
renewed interest at the present time in the mining sector, however,
Noranda Exploration has been active in the area for the past five years.
Their impression is that exploration has been increasing at a rapid rate,
that the world mineral markets have increased and that there is a very good
future in the mining sector. It is my belief that the issue of mining
as a potential consumer of electricity in the area has not been explored
adequately and that the potential for increased benefits are very great. I
believe that this study does not adequately address the question of mining
activity.
16. Page 3 -8, third line in the third paragraph referring to Table 4 -1, that
should be Table 3 -1. Also it should be pOinted out that the winter of
1980-81 was the first large scale use of wood burning stoves in the Tlingit-
Haida Housing Authority villages of which Klawock and Hydaburg and Craig
are three. I have information from the oil dealer in Angoon which indicates
that their oil consumption for heating fuel decreased by a full 30% during the
winter. Part of that is because of a milder winter, (a decrease in 1600 degree
days in this winter over last) and part of it is because of increased use of
wood.
17. Page 6 -51 under "Beneficial Environmental Effects II , it says that the
management of transmission line R.O.W. for low vegetation will aid deer,
grouse and edge dependent birds by providing berry and seed bearing plants.
I don't think that is right. Deer tend to get trapped by the deep snow that
bUilds up in those kinds of areas in the winter time and in effect keeps
them penned into smaller areas and if they overgraze that small area, they
die off. That is one of the problems that clear cutting logging areas have.
It might be well to modify that statement somewhat.
18. Page 6 -69, Item #4, for processing excavated materials, it might be well to
include a statement that the rock that is excavated (even from the project)
belongs to Sealaska and that you'd need to negotiate with Sealaska to use it.
Since Sealaska is basically for the project, it might be possible to use
that material at no cost but still it ought to be considered.
Tlingit-Haida Regional Electrical Authority is basically in complete favor
of the project and we want to express our continuing support for the project
to be completed as soon as possible.
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June 10, 1981
Page -4-
RM:cmg
Sincerely, -d~~\
a tin, Jr., P.E. ( \
Manager "J
ALASKA POWER AUTIIORITY
334 WEST 5th AVENUE -ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501
Mr. William Chabot, General Manager
Tlingit/Haida Regional Electrical Authority
P.O. Box 2517
Juneau, Alaska 99803
Phone: (907) 277-7641
(907) 276-0001
October 15, 1981
Subject: Proposed Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project
Dear Mr. Chabot:
Thank you for THREA's prompt review of the Black Bear Lake Project
draft feasibility report and the caments carmunicated in Mr. Robert
Martin's letter of June 10, 1981. We offer the following responses to
those caments.
CClITITEnt No. and Response
1. This stat.en'ent has been m::xlified to read "The potential
for changes in water temperatures in Black Bear Creek
due !£ the Project will be greatly reduced by the
three-level power intake" (rrOOification underlined) .
As discussed in later sections of the report, the
Project discharge regine is expected to have beneficial
effects on stream water temperatures in the lower basin
where logging is occurring.
5. Our initial decision to route this section of the
transmission line overland was based an a considerable
saving in mileage and an anticipated low enviornrrental
inpacts of the line along the rrostly untraveled
overland route. It now appears that much of the land
along the Klawock-Thorne Bay Road will be logged prior
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to Project construction which permits installation of
the transmission line along the road with minimal
clearing, relatively low environmental impact and much
easier access for maintenance. Consequently, the
recamended route for the line, between the powerhouse
and Klawock, has ~.n changed to the road route.
Early installation of the transmission line to provide
power for Project construction is under consideration.
Implementation will depend, in part, on successful
operation of ATe's wood waste generating plant.
The road required for the Project will be a permanent
rather than a terrporary installation. As such, we
will be required to upgrade the existing logging
road to Black Lake. We already have been asked by
ADF&G to replace two existing culverts with
permanent bridges.
10. Several factors contributed to the increase in
estimated Project construction cost from $13 million
in our earlier study to $28 million now. Arrong
these are one and one half years of inflation,
increases in excavation and concrete required for
the dam due to the existence of a deep talus deposit
en the dam's left abutment, increase in Project
capaci ty from 5, 000 kW to 6, 000 kW, change in
transmission line capacity fran 23 kV to 34 kV,
unanticipated access road requirements, environmental
restrictions resulting in the requirement of the
mul tilevel intake, and the change from surface to
tunnel penstock.
14. Bob Durland of Sealaska told our consultants that
Sealaska is planning a timber harvest of 60 to
80 M-ffiF this year. This agrees with our "Forecast"
of 100 MMBF by 1986 (see page III -6, end of third
paragraph). Because of the downtl.lrTl in tinber
demand, immediate consideration for the chip plant
has been deferred. As discussed in the Sensitivity
Analysis (Industrial Sector), the forecast peak
demand for the forest products industries is expected
to represent about a third of the total demand. Any
delay in the implementation of these projects would
reduce the demand.
15. Our inquiries on this matter showed that Sate mineral
exploration was underway on Prince of Wales Island,
but that investigations were not far enough along to
determine the extent or timing any future development.
tt
cc:
16-18. The caments have been noted and changes have been
made in the text.
Leonardson
Robinson
Bishop
Martin
-Harza
-Harza
-Environaid
-Cochran Electric
Sincerely,
C:. \)r,\ l\ I __ ~~. \ \J ...... j
Eric P. Yould
Executive Director
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u. S. E N V r RON MEN TAL PRO TEe T rON AGE N C Y
REGION X
1200 SIXTH AVENUE
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98101
REPLY TO
ATTN OF: MIS 443
Brent Petrie
Alaska Power Authority
333 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
TIate Recei'J::d
R jll:?d io
Gla·)si:;ed lor filing by -----t"I/tdJI:I"I&,SKA POWER AUTHORITY
Project Number
ClassilicaliQD
Suhject nesignation
SUBJECT: Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project
De ar Mr. Petri e:
Thank you for sending us a copy of the draft feasibility report on the
Black Bear Lake project.
In general we believe that you have already designed many features into
the project that will help reduce potential environmental impacts.
Specifically, we support the use of the tunnel instead of a surface
penstock; the use of a multilevel water intake with three ports for
temperature control; the use of construction and operation plans which
will not require the building of a road to Black Bear Lak-e; and the
implementation of the construction phase water quality control provisions
and associated water quality monitoring program. We also appreciate the
attention you have given to the concerns described in our February 1981
letter.
We support your plans for additional fishery studies focusing on the
stream section upstream from Black Lake. Additional information on
stream flow fluctuation effects is needed to establish operation plans
which will minimize long term fishery impacts. Particular attention
should be given to the impact of dam operation on daily flow variations
during critical fishery use periods. The impact of the rate of change
from maximum and minimum flows should also be considered. An evaluation
of spawning activities at and above the powerhouse would also be useful
since major changes in the stream channel are proposed in the powerhouse
area.
One area where we believe the draft feasibility report could be
strengthened is in the analysis of alternatives, particularly for those
in the Reynolds Creek area. Primarily, we would like to see a more
complete comparison of environmental impacts between the currently pro-
posed Black Bear Lake project and the various projects in Reynolds
Creek. The impacts identified thus far for some of the Reynolds Creek
projects may be at least as mitigatible as the impacts of the Black Bear
Project. While we understand that construction of the Black Bear project
to be followed by the Lake Mellon project may be slightly more economical
than the reverse order, further examination of combinations of projects
in the Reynolds Creek drainage may provide certain interesting
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advantages. For example, one possibility is to use some of the upper
lakes to provide peaking power. In any case, evaluation of alternatives
will become important during the NEPA review phase of the FERC licensing'
process.
Some wetland areas within the project area have been identified. Project
design alternatives to avoid impacting these wetlands should be incorpo-
rated wherever practicable.
We would like to suggest one minor improvement to your construction phase
envlronmenta-rcontrols.-ThTsinvolvesthe careful storage of all fuel,
oil and grease to ensure that spills and leaks will not drain into or
affect a waterway. Any bulk fuels should be stored within an impermeable
berm or other device which could contain the total volume if a leak
should occur.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the draft feasibility report
and look forward to continuing to work with you on this project. Please
feel free to call me or Judi Schwarz, of my staff, if you have any ques-
tions. We can be reached at (206) 442-1285.
Sincerely yours,
c ~ . ,'/'-(/ l::.i . 11.& /:ti U;/lj;' .-:r---E1izab~th Corbyn, Chi:7
Environmental Evaluation Branch
cc: Mike Mishimoto, USFWS, Juneau
Dave Barber, Tongass National Forest, Ketchikan
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ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY -
334 WEST 5th AVENUE -ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 277-7641 ..
Dr. Elizabeth Corbyn, Chief
Environmental Evaluation Branch
MS/443
U.S. Enviornrrental Protection Agency
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
October 15, 1981
Subject: Prq:osed Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project
Dear Dr. Corbyn:
(907) 276-0001
Thank you for reviewing the Black Bear Lake Project draft
feasibility report and for your letter of comment dated June 19, 1981.
Additional fisheries and related studies started in late July 1981
and are fccused on Black Lake and the reach of the stream above Black
Lake. Sate 'WOrk will also be carried out in Black Bear Lake as well as
in the stream below Black Lake. We concur with your view that daily
flow variations and rate of change with the Project are important
considerations which could affect the fishery resource in Black Bear
Creek upstream of Black Lake. The next phase of study specifically
addresses this concern. Stream observations will also be made in the
p:::werhouse area. In response to your request for rrore infonnation on
alternative projects in the Reynolds Creek area, our consultants have
expanded the appropriate section of the feasibility report. A final
copy of the report will be provided to your office. This additional
analysis will also be included in the application for license to be
submitted to the Federal Energy Regulatory Ccmnission (FERC).
A preliminary inventory of wetlands along the proposed transmission
line corridor has been prepared and will be included in the final
feasibility report and FERC license application. This inventory will be
verified during the final design stage and used with other infonnation
to establish the final alignment of the line.
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Finally, your suggestion regarding safeguards against lubricant or
fuel leaks during construction will be incorporated into the final
feasibility report and license application.
cc: Leonardson -Harza
Robinson -Harza
Bishop -Environaid
Sincerely,
/\'} '2,--.:.---\ '''\ ~U
Eric P. Yould
Executive Director
P.O. Box 113
Klawock, Alaska 99925
Eric Yould
Executive Director
Alaska Power Authority
333 W. 4th ave. Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
June 23, 1931
Dear Mr. Yould:
QPHONE: (907) 755-2261
"The Site of the First Cannery in Alaska"
CITY OF KLAWOCK
ALASKA
HARZA ENGINEERING CO"
TIate Rr.r.e!ved
"'.:::Jtru To
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t1~siiied lor filinl by __ --_. ___ _
t'rr iccl Numher
~!<AicatioB
REC:::IVEO
A\.N3KA pcw;:~ ';',JThCRITY
This letter is to state the support of the Klawock City Council for the Black
Bear Lake project.
The people of Klawock have long been burdened with the high cost of energy_
Some families have had no other alternative but to go without electricity,
others have had to do without needed necessities especially those on fixed
incomes.
Sincerely,
, .
i f ,.
Karen Moore-City Clerk
for Klawock City Council
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
FOREST SERVICE
Tongass National Forest
Federal Build; ng
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
907-225-3101
HARZA ENGtNEElUNG CO. 2770
r Dale Received -7/7/ F / .. -
Brent Petrie, Project Manag~llted To l( ~~~
A1 aska Power Authori t~ nassilied for Filinl hy ___ ....... --
333 W. 4th Avenue, SUl te 31 " . .
Anchorage, A1 aska 99501 Prvl3cl NUmBer ----... --
tl~:;sitiGation
f.::' :p··t ne"innatiQu v ;11'''' !J tl:J
L June 26,.. 1981
Dear Mr. Petrie:
The Draft Feasibility Report Black Bear Lake Project, Volume I & II
have been reviewed. The comments provided by the Forest Service
from earlier project reviews have been incorporated into the report
to our satisfaction.
Many of our concerns that deal with fisheries habitat were discussed
again at the June 15, 1981 joint agency review meeting. We feel
satisfied that our concerns requiring further studies and evaluation
are or will be considered. There are a few points in the Draft that
will be pointed out below:
1. Vol I, VI-16. We would prefer an alternative to dumping spoil
into Black Bear Lake. Should it be necessary to use the lake,
the spoil should be limited to rock only, as overburden will
cause significant sedimentation and once in tne lake will not
likely be recoverable.
2. P. VI 26-27. The prediction that elevated winter stream
temperatures above Black Bear Lake will result in early
development of aquatic food sources, thus offsetting the effects
of early coho and sockeye emergence may be risKY. If incorrect,
coho and sockeye juveniles could be adversely affected.
3. Two points nave been identified but should receive further study:
a) P. VI-29. Under project operations, the summary indicates
that winter flows may be greater. However, October and December
flows would be lower. This appears as somewhat of a
contradiction, the significance of which is not known. Lower
October flows could restrict access to spawning habitat. Lower
December flows could increase exposure of eggs to low water and
freezing. This stresses the need for instream flow studies that
incorporate habitat/stream stage relationships as mentioned on
P. VI-30.
6200-11 (1/119)
b) P. VI-35. An increase of winter stream temperature by
1.5 -2°C above Black Lake could be a significant change from
the normal temperature regime. Sockeye and coho would be most
affected. This potentially deserves more stuqy and possible
more exact mitigation.
4. Vol. II, Appendix 1-14. Black Bear Lake, due to it's alpine
location with hiking access to a large amount of alpine high
country is unique to this area of Southeast Alaska. There are
very few other lakes that offer this recreation opportunity.
5. Vol. II -Appendix 4, 3.4. First paragraph -There are plans
for recreation facility construction on Prince of Wales Island
but not in the immediate project area. The implementation of
these plans is dependent on future recreation construction
funding.
6. Vol. II -appendix H, 3.5, Item 5. The National Monument
designation in no way restricts or discourages sport hunting.
Much of the Ketchikan area is not in any special land
designation. Factors that will push more hunting to Prince of
Wales are increased population due to new industry and more
familiarization with the Prince of Wales road system as it
interconnects more of the island and is more publicized.
Comments on Visual Resource Section
A. Chapter I -Project Description (p. 10, Vol. 1)
1. In section describing reservoir there might be included a
sentence describing the area in acres of land that would be
inundated including how much of this is old growth forest.
B. Append; x I
1. Operation (p. 17, Vol. 2)
Elimination of the waterfall below Black Bear Lake is a
very significant visual/recreation impact and its
importance is still great even though it is not seen that
often. It is one of the most spectacular features of its
type on the forest and is therefore unique. Its
elimination is a signiicant impact because it removes a
unique recreation/viewing opportunity.
HARZA ENGINEERING Co.
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':;\sitied lor Filin, " ______ . __ _
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2. Mitigation Measures (Starting p. 23, Vol. 2)
a)
b)
Transmission line routing.
A generally good practice is to route the line along
any natural linear features such as edge of muskeg
openings along edge of topographic feature such as
bottom of ri dge or bottom edge of c.1 i ff • Muskeg
openings are particularly common along the ~daburg
road corri dor.
Transmission line and Construction.
Certain conductors can be highly reflective and
produce a highly visible line across the landscape
under the right light conditions. The visibility of
the conductor from a distance can almost be eliminated
by using a non-reflective or non-specular cable.
c) Clearing for transmission line R.O.W.
Sketches imply that in forest areas trees are only
slightly higher than poles (60-70 ft.) requiring
clearing limits up to only 70 ft. on either side of
line. However in our old-growth areas tree heights
will range from 100-150 ft.
Overall, the draft feasibility report is well done and has been
responsive to management concerns. Please feel free to give me a
call if you have any questions regarding our response.
!iARZA ENGINEERING CO.
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ALASKA POWEll AUTHORITY
333 WEST 4th AVENUE· SUITE 31 • ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 277-7641
(907) 276-2715 ....
Mr. Ed Johnson
Tongass National Forest
United States Forest Service
Federal Building
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Dear Mr. Johnson:
July 20, 1981
Thank you for your letter of June 26, 1981 with your agency's comments
on the Black Bear Lake Draft Feasibility Report. I am writing in confirmation
of our telephone conversation of July 1, 1981 regarding item 3a of your letter
which discussed instream flow studies. As you know, our engineering and bio-
logy consultants visited Black Bear Creek with a team from the Alaska Department
of Fish and Game, National Marine Fisheries Service, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service and walked the reach of stream in question. That trip verified our con-
sultants earlier feelings that data from staff gages on that reach of stream may
be of questionable value due to backwater effects from changing water levels in
Black Lake, the braided and cascading nature of the stream above the backwater
area and below the tailrace location, and the dynamic nature of the streambed
which makes location of a stable stream cross-section difficult.
Since we will have biologists and hydrologists in the field during the 1981
escapement season and 1982 out-migration season, we are proposing an alternate
method to determine stage/discharge relationships to refine the plant operating
regime. We propose to have the hydrologists take actual streamflow measurements
of Black Bear Creek during their periodic visits. This data can then be correlated
with the continuous recording station operated by U.S.G.S. at the outlet of Black
Bear Lake. We will place a staff gage to aid in correlation if we can locate a
suitable site, but as we mentioned at the June 15. 1981 meeting this may not be
fruitful due to stream characteristics. During our telephone conversation, you
mentioned that the Forest Service has sometimes had to use a similar approach
on other streams in the region. With the above background, we assume your hydro-
logy staff would concur with our proposed approach, if not we would appreciate
any suggestions you may provide for obtaining reasonably accurate determinations
of stage/discharge relationships under such conditions.
FOR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
cc: Dan Bishop, Environaid
Ken Leonardson, Harza
Sincerely, .
;73v-,.jAl/~
Brent N. Petrie
Project Manager
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ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
334 WEST 5th AVENUE· ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 277·7641
(907) 276·0001
October 15, 1981
Mr. Ed Johnson
U.S. Forest Service
Tbngass National Forest
Federal Building
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Subject: Proposed Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project
Dear Mr. Johnson:
Thank you for your agency I s review of the Black Bear Lake Project
draft feasibility report and June 26, 1981 letter of comment. We offer
the following responses to those ccmrents.
Ccmrent No. and Response
1. The paragraph referred to has been amplified to point
out that only excavated talus materjal will temporarily
be placed in the lake. This material would be of the
sane type as that which forms the natural lake bottcrn.
Soil overburden will be st.ockpiled separately on land
for landscaping use after construction and will not be
placed in the lake.
2. The intent of the paragraph referred to was not to
inply that early developrent of aquatic food sources
will offset the effects of early coho and sockeye
e.rrergence. Rather, the intent was twofold:
a) to contrast the life cycles of sockeye and
coho with those of pink and chum, concluding
that a given increase in cumulative degree-days,
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and therefore a given advance in emergence time,
would be rrore serious for pink and chtnn fry
than for sockeye and coho fry, and
to point out that, in any event, the potential
for adverse impact on coho and sockeye is
greater upstream of Black Lake than it is
downstream.
The paragraph has been modified to clarify these points.
3a. 'l11e SUl'l1Tlary referred to is intended to highlight
the rrore detailed di sCllSsion contained in the two
paragraphs iIrl'rediately preceding it. As noted
in the paragraph following the sumnary, data gathered
the next phase of aquatic studies, which began
late July 1981, may indicate the need to refine the
proposed flow regime. With regard to study method-
ology, I trust that Mr. Petrie I s telephone conversation of
July 1, 1981 and his letter to you of July 20, 1981
have clarified the field techniques to be used to
your satisfaction.
3b. As stated in other sections of the draft feasibility
report, we recognize that a winter water temperature
increase as large as 1.5 - 2 degrees C in the stream
above Black Lake which could result under extrE!ne
low flow conditions could be significant, and that
sockeye and coho would be IIDSt affected. 'l11e next
phase of aquatic studies will help define the
magnitude of this potential impact and provide
information which can then be used to design
mitigation rreasures, if required. Mitigation
Ireasures which might be employed were discussed
in the draft report.
4. Your view has been incorporated into the text.
5. 'l11is information has been inserted.
6. Item 5. has been deleted fran the tf'xt.
A.l. The suggested change has been IlEde.
B.l. This view has been incorporated jnto the text.
B.2.a. 'l11is recommendation has been incorporated as
mitigation measure R8.
B.2.b. This recarrnendation has been incorporated as
mitigation measure CI0.
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B.2.c. The sketch has been m:::xhfied to reflect this
carment.
The changes indicated above will also be included in the license
application to be submitted to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
cc: I.eonardson -Harza
Robinson -Harza
Bishop -Environaid
Eric P. Yould
Executive Director
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Ketchikan, Alaska 99901 ..
DEPARTMENT OF FISH A GA.ME
PHONE: 225-5195
June 30, 1981
I:L':I :i '7 ": .'c~r7 C"Lr' F:' v,,, ;'
RECElVED
Eric P. Yould
Executive Director
Alaska Power Authority
333 West 4th AVe. Suite 20
Anchorage, Alaska 99510
Dear Mr. You1d:
The Alaska Department of Fish and Game has reviewed volumes 1 and 2 of
the Draft Black Bear Lake Feasibility Report and have the following
comments.
General Comments:
1.
2.
3.
Reasons why the Lake Mellen alternative is so much more expensive
and was thus rejected are unclear. In addition there is no compar-
ison of a proposed Lake Mellen project without a diversion of
waters from Lake Josephine and with a powerhouse sited upstream
from salmon spawning habitat in Reynolds Creek. This possible
scenario should be discussed.
The Department still questions the need for the construction of
both hydroelectric projects. We would prefer to see only one
project constructed and that being the one which would have the
least overall impact upon the fish and wildlife resources of the
area. The possibility of constructing only one project and then
supplementing that with power from other sources such as the burn-
ing of sawdust at the Alaska Timber Corporation mill in Klawock, or
power from several diesel generatiors maintained for use during
periods of peak demand or emergencies, should be evaluated. The
projected needs for electric power on Prince of Wales Island are
based on current economic growth patterns which mayor may not
continue at the present rate during the next 25 years. Any stab-
ilizing of the timber and fishing industries on Prince of Wales
Island could affect these growth patterns. Energy conservation
measures could further reduce the continual demand for more power.
Some timing restrictions on construction activities, which will
significantly affect water quality, may be necessary during the
construction phase of the project. These types of activities
should be scheduled between May 15 and August 1.
Specific Comments:
p. 1-1 Last paragraph:, Marten is spelled with an "e". It is our
understanding that Black Bear Creek does support all four
species of salmon listed.
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P. 1-2
-2-June 30, 1981
1st paragraph: should be changed to read "Rainbow trout are
reported in Black Bear Lake and in 'Black Bear Creek below the
project area".
P. 1-3 Project Functional Design: Whether the project will provide
recreational opportunities will depend upon the land ownership
status of the area. If the land around the powerhouse is conveyed
to Sealaska Corporation, some agreement with the land owner will be
necessary to guarantee public use of the area.
P. 1-4 Both the first and last paragraphs on this page list lower
stream gravel deposits as a suitable source of construction mat-
erials. The Department would prefer that these sources not be
considered for this purpose. The use of in-stream or streamside
gravels as an aggregate source would greatly increase the potential
environmental impacts of this project.
P.l-ll
P.I-12
P.II-9
P.VI-2
P VI-2
P.VI-2
Recreational Facilities: The access trail discussed in para-
graph I should be continued up to Black Bear Lake.
Also in paragraph I the recreational use of Black Bear Creek
Valley will increase substantially as long as access is pro-
vided by the landowner.
Construction Schedule:. This would be an appropriate place to
discuss construction activitiees which would significantly
affect water quality and should be scheduled to reduce their
impacts. See general comments.
Power And Energy Generation: Whichever flow release regime is
selected, it must provide for sufficient water to protect the
fish stocks, below the power house.
Mammals paragraph 1: add mountain goat to the list of larger
mammals which do not occur on the Island.
Mammals paragraph 2: The statement "black bear benefit from
logging operations" is inaccurate. Several years after a
clear cut until the canopy closes over in a new growth forest
this statement is true except that it makes black bear more
vulnerable to hunting pressure. Immediately after logging and
after the canopy closes over there is little food available to
black bear in a clear cut. Subsequently when the forest assum-
es the characteristics of an old growth forest in approximately
150 years it again bcomes more valuable for black bears.
Mammals paragraph 3; Although deer are not abundant in the
project area, neither are they scarce. Historically deer were
abundant in the area and good deer habitat is still available.
Thus, the potential for growth of the herd is present.
E. Yould -3-June 30, 1981
P. VI-2 Mammals paragraph 5: The list of mammals for which habitat
exists is misleading as most of the species listed are not
present on Prince of Wales Island. The following species
should be deleted from this list: pika, snowshoe hare, chip-
munk, hoary marmot and wolverine. Land otter should be added
to the list of mammals present in this area.
P.VI-3 Birds paragraph 2: Common loons nested and hatched a chick on
Black Lake in 1981.
P. VI-8 last paragraph on page: This whole paragraph continuing on
page VI-9 needs to be rewritten. Moose should not be discussed
as they are not present on Prince of Wales Island-unless you
wish to bring in caribou and perhaps sheep and goats. Wolf
numbers are currently at a reduced level compared to the past
as is the deer population. However, neither species is scarce
in the project area. We do agree that logging does have a
depressant effect on both deer and consequently on the wolf
population.
P.VI-9 paragraph-2: Predation should be inserted in the list of
items which affect deer population.
P VI-IS Terrestrial Species and Habitats paragraph 3: delete fox.
Also, the statement that this ecotone will favor deer is
innacurate. The critical habitat for deer in Southeast Alaska
is the old growth forest which provides winter habitat.
Logging is already removing large tracts of this habitat and
although the project will be insignificant when compared to
logging, it will permanently remove 220 acres of critical
winter range which may be added to the logging impacts.
Additionally, this figure is based on a 40 foot right-of
way described on page VI-52. To protect the powerline
in an area where trees are commonly 150 feet tall and subject
to severe storms will require a right-of-way greater than 40
feet.
P.VI-16 next to last paragraph: change "No" to "Few" aquatic plants
communities and little'fish habitat.
P.VI-16 last paragraph: our experience with permeable beds on Prince
of Wales Island has demonstrated they don't work. We recommend
culVerts be used whenever appropriate. A Title 16 permit
would have to be secured from the Department of Fish and Game
before any culverts could be installed in anadromous fish
streams.
P.VI-l8 Wildlife: Only minor wildlife population reductions are anti-
cipated as a result of the project.
P.VI-19 Table VI-2: We request the April minimum downstream release
of water be increased to 15.8 cfs. This is the time of peak
outmigration for pink and chum salmon and we want to assure
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all spawning areas are inundated. The water lost during April
could be paid back by further reductions during June through
November.
P.VI-2l paragraph 3: The erosion control features should be in place
before the construction of the main construction staging area
to reduce increases in sediment loads during early phases of
the project.
P. VI-23 paragraph 2: The only broad leafed vegetation which could
reach the powerline is alders. Generally alders grow in wet
areas. Any use of herbicides to suppress alders can be expeced
to enter water courses and eventually anadromous streams.
P. VI-23
p VI-24
P VI-24
Thus, we recommend against the use of herbicides to control
vegetation. Additionally strips of brown denuded area would
increase the visual impacts of the power line •
paragraph 3: As mentioned earlier, in the project area,
maintenance of low vegetation along the power line will not aid
deer.
Fish Entrainment: We recommend screening of the intake structures
be considered to prevent fish entrainment.
Water Temperatures: Water temperature changes resulting from
the Black Bear Lake hydro project could create long term
negative impacts to the fisheries, a mitigation plan should be
developed to deal with problems which could arise.
P VI-43 Fish Habitat 10 in Black Bear Lake We recommend the possibility
of creating a small spawning area for rainbow trout be studied.
This could be done by making a few S curves along the feeder
stream into Black Bear Lake and covering the bottom with
gravel.
P VI-47 Operation: As mentioned in the discussion of p. VI-24, screening
of the intake structure would preclude the accidental entrapment
of fish.
P VI-50 Aquatic Habitat and Fish Population paragraph 1: Over the
long period of years a stocking program may become expensive.
Who would pay the cost of that program has not been discussed.
Additionally, at present no suitable rainbow trout are available
for stocking purposes. Another possible mitigation measure
would be to create a small spawning area in a stream at an
inlet to Black Bear Lake. Creating a couple of S curves in a
stream course and filling them with gravel could solve this
problem on a more permanent basis.
P VI-51 Beneficial Environmental Effects paragraph 1: As mentioned
earlier, deer will not be benefitted.
P.VI-52 Land Use paragraph 2: A 40 foot ROW will be insufficient in
an area where 50 foot trees and severe storms are common. A
change in this figure would alter the total acreage.
E. Yould -5-June 30, 1981
P VI-53 Wildlife Habitat and Population: Increased hunting and trapping
pressure may be expected. Human-bear encounters will be more
frequent with the higher likelihood of bears being killed in
defense of life or property.
P VI-53 Fish Habitat and Populations: Again, who pays for the stock-
ing programs? Increased fishing pressure may be expected with
possible season or bag limit restrictions.
P VI-62 Forest and Muskeg: We disagree with this statement. With
increased logging, old growth uneven-aged stands of timber are
becoming increasingly uncommon and will eventually be relatively
rare on Prince of Wales Island. It takes a minimum of 150
years for an old growth forest to recover (that is: return to
its old growth stage) as discussed earlier. Old growth forests
are most critical habitat for deer in Southeast Alaska.
Exhibit 8: We recommend a hiking trail to Black Bear Lake for recreational
purposes.
Exhibit 9: This flow chart should be structured to reflect our earlier
concerns regarding restrictions of activities which would
create the greatest siltation problems to the period May
15 to August 1.
Exhibit 16: The minimum flow releases should follow that established on
pages VI-19.
Exhibit 36: Add Common Loon (Gavia immer) to the list of birds in the
project area.
Appendix H: Again-we recommend a hiking trail be established between
Black Lake and Black Bear Lake.
We hope this review is of mutual benefit. Thank you for the opportunity
to comment •
. sin~xI~~ ~onald A. Cornelius
Area Habitat Biologist
cc: R. Reed, ADFG-Juneau
B. Petrie, APA-Anchorage
M. Nishimoto, USFWS-Juneau
E. Murrell, NMFS-Juneau
B. Baker, State Clearinghouse-Juneau
R. Harris, Sealaska Corp.-Juneau
B. Hoffman, ADEC-Juneau
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ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
334 WEST 5th AVENUE· ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 277·7641
(907) 276·0001
Mr. Donald A. Cornelius
Area Habitat Biologist
Alaska Department of Fish & Game
State Office Building
415 Main Street
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
October 15, 1981
Subject: Proposed Black Bear lake Hydroelectric Project
Dear Mr. Cornelius:
Thank you for your agency's review of the Black Bear Lake
Project draft feasibility report and June 30, 198], letter of
ccmrents. We offer the follONing responses to those caments.
Comment Identificatin and Response
General Comment:
1. In response to your request for more information on alternative
projects in the Reynolds Creek area, our consultants have expanded
the appropriate section of th feasibility report. Your office will
receive a copy of the final report. This additional analysis will
also be included in the application for license
in the application for license to be submitted to the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission.
2. In our present efforts we are pursuing the licensing and
construction of only one hydropJWer installation on Prince of Wales
Island, the Black Bear Lake Project. The Lake Mellen Project has
been shown, by preliminary studies, to be the next best hydropower
development on the island and therefore was included in our studies
as being one of several rational alternative to meet the forecast
electric demand. As you suggest, the use of existing diesel
generators and the burning of waster forest products to supplement
the Black Bear Project's output are also rational ways to meet
increasing electric demand. Whether econanic conditions will
warrant construction of a second hydl1Jpower project on Prince of
Wales Island is a question for future studies and evolution of the
electrical energy load. The Black Bear Lake Project is the
least-cost significant increment of renewable energy on Prince of
Wales Island that is able to reduce the present consumption of
non-renewable diesel fuel.
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Donald A. Cornelius
October 15, 1981
3. Preparation of the construction staging areas, which includes the
water quality protection rceasures discussed in the report, can be
carried out within the May 15 -August 1 time frarre you suggest.
In addition, stipulations fixing the detailed schcclule for these
and other construciton activities which could affect water quality
can be included in the specifications for the Project. We would
welcare the 0pIX)rtuni ty to consult with you on this rratter during
the next Project phase.
Specific Corments:
Page I -1,
Page I -2,
Page I -3,
Page I -4,
Page I -11,
Page I -12,
Page II -9,
last paragraph. The suggested changes have been rra.de.
first paragraph. The suggested changes have been rra.de.
Project Functional Design. The suggestm change has been
rrade.
first and last paragraphs. /\s discussed in the
al temati ve section of the report, use of streambed sands
and gravels was rejected on environmental grounds during
Project p1anning. The selected source is processed
excavated rraterials. The paragraphs referred to have
been changed to correct this oversight.
Recreation Facilities: No access trail was proposed
fran the pcMerhouse area to Black Bear Lake because
of the safety and rraintenance problems associated with
the steep slopes. Slopes in the vicinity have areas
where the gradient approaches 70 0
I especially at the
uppper elevations. CUtting into these slopes creates
unstable slope conditions increasing the potential for
rock slides and erosion. The potential hazard was also
one of the prirrary reasons for designing a tunnel and
buried penstock associated with the Project.
Part 2 of CCIm'P..nt. Please refer to Appendix H,
Sections 3.3, 3.5, 3.6, and 4.0.
Construction Schedu] e. A nerN paragraph has been
inserted into this section and into the section entitled
Environmental Irrpact During Construction in response to
this cament. See also 3. under General CClfl1l'eI1ts above.
Paver and Energy Generation. As indicated in the
first paragraph on page II -9 and discussed at length in
Chapter VI, the "with constraints II case is the selected
operational regi.rre. This statenent will be repeated in
the subject paragraph in the interest of clarity.
Provision of adequate flaws for protection of fisheries
resources downstream of the powerhouse has been one of
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Donald A. Cornelius
October 15, 1981
our conoerns sinoe the inception of the Project, and has
received full considereation during Project planning.
Page VI -2 Mamnals, first paragraph. The suggested change has been
made.
Page VI -2, P-1anmals, second paragraph. This statem:mt has be€>n
deleted.
Page VI -2, Mamnals, third paragraph. The paragraph has been changed
to reflect this information.
Page VI -2, Manma.ls, firth paragraph. The suggested change has been
made.
Page VI -3, Birds, second paragraph. This information has been
added.
Page VI -8, last paragraph. The suggested change has been made.
Page VI -9, second paragraph. The suggested change has been made.
Page VI -15, Terrestrial Species and Habitats. This section has
been changed t9 include the information on deer habitat,
and "fox·· and Itdeer" have been rerroved from the third
paragraph. See resp::mse to Page VI-52 CCI'I'ITent below for
RGl width.
Page VI -16, next to last paragraph. The suggested change has been
made.
Page VI -16, last paragraph. The reference to penreable beds has been
been anitted.
Page VI -18, Wildlife. The suggested change has been made.
Page VI -19, Table VI-2. Your request and reason therefore have been
inserted after Table VI-2, followed by: ItWhile
increasing the April minimum flow may benefit pink/chum
outrnigration, reductions in the minima for the other
months may incraese the potential for adverse impact on
the fishery resouroe upstream of Black Lake during
reservoir filling. The continUing studies discussed
elsewhere in this dOCl..lIrent will provide more detailed
information on fish habitat and use in this reach, which
will allow refinem:mt of the proposed reservoir filling
release regirre. It
Page VI -21, third paragraph. This paragraph has been rewritten to
clearly indicate that erosion control features will be
placed before distw:bance of the main staging area.
3
Donald A. Cornelius
October 15, 1981
Page VI -23, third paragraph. The reference to deer has been deleted.
Page VI -24,
Page Vi -24,
Fish Entrai.mrent. Your recamenda.tion is noted.
Any screening n:easure which YJOUld prevent entrainItf:'nt
would be very expensive. In view of the low potential
for fish entrai.mrent, we do not believe such a neasure is
necessary.
Water Terrperatures. We recognize that the potential
for long-tenn inpact does exist. The report proposes
that salm::>n escapenent, stream terrperature, and discharge
to rronitored after the Project begins operation.
Potential mitigation n:easures are also proposed in a
later section.
Page VI -43, Fish Habitat Id in Black Bear lake. See response
below to CC1'I1Tent on Page VI -50-. -
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Fish Entrainment.
Page VI -50, Aquatic Habitat and ~ Populations, first paragraph.
We asSl.lIre that the ProJect would bear the cost for any
mitigating effects of the Black Bear rake rainl:x::hl
population, and also that ADFG would provide t~hnical
assistance in the detailed planning/design of any such
n:easure, be ita stocking program or construction of new
spawning areas.
A sentence citing your suggestion on using feeder
streams for new spawning habitat areas has been inserted
to expand upon our staten:ent. made in the first sentence
of the paragraph. Information on rain.boil spawning to be
gathered next spring by our aquatic field team should
help determine the feasibility of this potential
mitigation neasure.
Page VI -51, Beneficial Envirornrental Effects, first paragraph.
The reference to deer has been deleted.
Page VI -52, land Use, second paragraph. Forty feet is the average
width of the IDV. We recognize t.1"l..at the IDV may be wider
than 40 feet in sore areas, such as along 'WOOded slopes,
but it should be less than 40 feet wide in other areas,
such as along the road corridors and adjaoent to other
open areas.
Page VI -53, Wildlife Habitat and .Populations. Your ccrment has been
inserted in the text.
Page VI -53, Fish Habitat and Populations. Stocking program -see
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Donald A. Cernelius
October 15, 1981
response above. The caT1l'ent in yeur second sentence has
been added to the text.
Page VI -62, Ferest and' Muskeg. Yeur corment is noted. The text
Exhibits 8.
Exhibit 9.
Exhibit 16.
Exhit 36.
Appendix H.
has been rrodified to' reflect the fellCMing: The cc:mrent
pertains to' a specific part ef the Ferest and muskeg
associatien, narrely eld-grCMth ferest, while the intent
ef the sectien is to carpare in general tenns the
different associatiens to' aid in comparison ef
transmissien corridor alternatives. As mentiened en page
VI-61, these criteria were used as a broad-based
(i.e. general) assessrrent tool fer the selection ef one
route ever the ether, and to' select the reute which weuld
have the least overall 'impact.
Finally, because ef windthrCM hazard and clearing
re.quinrents associated with ferested areas, the final
alignment ef the transmissien line within the corridor
will minimize disturbance of old-grCMth forests as much
as possible.
See response to comment on Page I-II,
Recreatienal Facilities.
See response under 3. ef General Comrents above.
This Exhibit shCMs the two al ternati ve flCM reg:irTEs
examined for Project operations. Table VI-2 en
page VI-19 shows the proposed minimum release regirre
during reservoir filling. The derivation of these
regirres is discussed in detail in Chaepter VI.
The suggested change has been made.
See response to' comment on Page 1-11,
Recreational Facilities.
The changes indicatd above will alsO' be included in the license
application to be submitted to' the Federal Energy Regulatery Commissien.
cc: Leonardsen -Harza
Robinson -Harza
Bishop -Environaid
Sincerely,
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Eric P. Yould '\
Executive Director
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Department Of Energy
Alaska Power Administration
P.O. Box 50
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Mr. Brent Petrie
Project Manager
Alaska Power Authority
333 W. 4th Ave. Suite 31
Anchorage, AK 99501
Dear Mr. Petrie:
In response to your May 18, 1981 letter we have reviewed the draft Black
Bear Lake Project Feasibility Report prepared for you by Harza Engineering
Company and CH2M-Hill Northwest, Inc. The report is presented well,
appears quite complete and contains documentation of the studies.
We have a few comments to offer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
We question the economic justification of the multiple level power
intake and why it is needed for the potentially small reservoir
draw down. We suspect winter icing would also cause operation
problems.
We also question the decision to go with a buried penstock over a
surface penstock as an alternative to the tunnel. The higher costs
of a buried system in rock do not appear to offset the risks outlined
in the report.
Construction of the dam using helicopter transportation for general
construction activities appears more costly than access by road or
highline. We question whether adequate consideration was giving to
alternative methods of access.
It may be justifiable to use the same size transmission line (34.5
kV) from the powerplant past Klawock and on to Hydaburg. The wood
chipper proposed at Hydaburg could cause unacceptable voltage drops
which should be analyzed during the design phase. Also, if Lake
Mellin were added at the Hydaburg end of the line, the larger size
line would be needed to transmit power to the other end of the
system.
The power demands were reviewed and appear reasonable.
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6. We feel the environmental portion of the study and the additional
studies planned by Harza are appropriate.
Thanks for the opportunity to comment.
Sincerely,
'Robert J. Cross
Administrator
ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
334 WEST 5th AVENUE· ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 277-7641
(907) 276-0001
October 15, 1981
Mr. Robert J. Cross
Administrator
Alaska Power Administration
P.O. Box 50
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Subject: Proposed Black Bear Lake Hydroelectric Project
Dear Mr. Cross:
Thank you for your agency's review of the Black Bear Lake Project
draft feasibility reJ.X)rt and July 1, 1981 letter of ccmrent. We offer
the following reSJ.X)nses to those ccmrents.
Cament No. and Response
1. The multiple level intake is a preventative rreasure
prop::>sed to avoid large changes in the existing
tenperature regine of Black Bear Creek downstream
of the Project. Without a nultilevel intake, with
Project changes in stream temperature could have
adverse effects on fisheries resources, particularly
in and upstream of Black Lake. No econan.ic analysis
was made for justification of the multiple level
pc!INer intake. Further study, during the Project
design phase, will be undertaken to analyse and
mdnimize the effects of icing on intake operation.
2. The establistnrent of the buried penstock, over the
surface penstock, as an alternative to the shaft
and tunnel water conductor, was based on the
reccmrendations of our engineering consultant after
on-site reconnaissance of the penstock route and
subsequent office studies.
3. A highline would be required to facilitate
construction of a surface or buried penstock and
would also serve for access to the Project upper
construction site. When the shaft and tunnel
water conduit alternative was studied, use of a
highline, solely for access to the upper site,
was carpared to helicopter acct;ss. The costs of
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the two access al ternati ves were fOl.U'ld to be
canparable, but the helicopter alternative was
found to have significantly less enviornrnental
impact than the highline access. Construction
of an access road to Black Bear Lake was
rejected early, on the basis of the cost and
high environmental impact.
4 • We are prq::x::>sing that a 34.5 kV transmission
line be installed fran the powerplant all the
way to Hydaburg via the new Klawock substation.
Should the Lake Mellen Project be added to the
system saretime in the future, transient
stability studies would have to be performed
to dete:rmine the adequacy of the 34.5 kV line.
The line could be upgraded to 69 kV, if
necessary, by changing the insulators1 the
initial poles. and conductor will probably be
usable at the higher voltage.
5. Your ccrrrrent is noted.
cc: Ieonardson -Harza
Robinson -Harza
Bishop -Environaid
Sincerely,
.:~ "\v t·l
Eric P. Yould
Executive Director
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United States Department of the Interior:. .. " ----------FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
1011 E. TUDOR RD.
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IN REPLY REFER TO:
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99503
(907) 276-3800
~::'~ :jrJ~ u~~>,:l~(~ :~t ----..,
Mr. Brent Petrie
Project Manager
Alaska Power Authority
333 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Dear Mr. Petrie:
2 JUL 1981
RECEIVED
JUL -6 1981
AlASKA POWER AUTHORITY
Re: Draft Feasibility Report:
Black Bear Lake Project
Before commenting on the referenced report, dated May 1981, we would like
to thank you for showing us the project site on June 15 and coordinating
your project planning with us.
General Comments
We are generally pleased with your biological studies and plans for future
studies of the Black Bear Lake system. We agree that studies on Black Bear
Creek (above Black Lake) should be given high priority. However, existing
studies for Reynolds and Portage Creeks are not adequate to compare the
environmental impacts of the preferred project with its alternatives.
Intensive studies may not be needed, but, as a minimum, surveys should be
conducted to estimate fish populations and identify major spawning and
rearing habitat. These data should help to prepare an adequate environmental
impact statement.
In addition, we believe that the feasibility report as well as future
planning could be improved by including more discussion on the rationale
for specific assessments on impacts or mitigative measures. For example,
on page VI-18 minimum flows were presented to mitigate fishery impacts, but
the basis for establishing those specific flows was not discussed. Similarly,
on page VI-19, the discussion does not explain how the spacing of wires would
eliminate any chance of birds being electrocuted.
Specific Comments
Page 11-9, first paragraph. With Constraints. We suggest that those months
identified as important for spawning include July so the peak sockeye salmon
escapement period would be considered (see pag~ VI-II) or the reason for
excluding July be discussed. Furthermore, December should be included as
part of the incubation period.
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Page IV-2, third paragraph. Reynolds Creek. We suggest that studies
describing spawning sites for Reynolds Creek be cited.
2.
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Page VI-10, third paragraph. Fish Populations-Black Bear Lake. Since the
TLMP Fisheries Task Force Working Report was based on limited data, we
suggest that this paragraph describe the kinds of data used in rating the
lake.
Page VI-13, last paragraph. Estuaries. The shrimp groups should be euphasid
and crangonid.
Page VI-1S, second paragraph. Terrestrial Species and Habitats. We suggest
that you delete the statement that removal of 220 acres of spruce-hemlock
forest is insignificant. The assessment of this action should be based on
individual project impacts and the cumulative impacts of this and adjacent
projects.
Page VI-1S, last paragraph. Terrestrial Species and Habitats. We suggest
that migratory routes of waterbirds and raptors in the project area be
identified.
Page VI-16, fifth paragraph. Powerhouse and Tailrace Construction Staging
Area and Access Road. We suggest that the dimensions of the lake fill be
included in this paragraph. We also suggest that the last sentence indicate
that the fill would displace fish habitat. A rockfill embankment will be
placed in the shallow bay of Black Lake according to the narrative on
page VI-66.
Page VI-1S, third paragraph. Wildlife. The second sentence implies that
small habitat alterations would promote population stability. We suggest
that this paragraph be expanded to provide further explanation of this
process.
Page VI-1S, fifth paragraph. Aquatic. We suggest that this paragraph be
expanded to describe the rationale used in determining specific minimum
flow figures.
Page VI-19, first paragraph. Endangered or Threatened Species. This
paragraph should be expanded to describe how spacing of wires would eliminate
any chance of a bird being electrocuted.
Page VI-20, last paragraph. Noise. We suggest that this paragraph be
expanded to describe measures to mitigate noise impacts such as timing of
construction.
Page VI-22, second paragraph. Water Quantity and Quality. We suggest that
this paragraph be expanded to'include specific control measures for minimizing
fuel spills.
Page VI-23, second paragraph. Terrestrial Species and Habitat. We suggest
that the USFS criteria for herbicides be included in an appendix.
3.
Page VI-26, third paragraph. Water Temperature. We suggest that this
paragraph be revised to indicate that chum salmon spawn upstream of Black
Lake as described in data collected this spring.
Page VI-27, third paragraph. Water Temperature. We suggest that this
paragraph be expanded to indicate that, while temperatures may be reduced,
increased flow does not always provide a net benefit to the fishery. Higher-
than-natural velocities could have adverse impacts on spawning or rearing
habitat in certain reaches of the stream.
Page VI-29, last paragraph •. Discharge regime. We suggest that this paragraph
be modified to indicate that higher summer flows may increase survival of
rearing fish, but more information is needed to evaluate the effects of the
associated higher stream velocities.
Page VI-37, last paragraph. Logging Operations and Aquatic Ecosystems. We
suggest that this paragraph indicate that low flows would generate more low-
velocity water which young fish seem to prefer.
Page VI-43, sixth paragraph. Fish Habitat Identification in Black Bear Lake.
Fishery studies of Black Bear Lake should receive lower priority than Black
Bear Creek upstream from Black Lake as discussed during the interagency meeting
of June 15, 1981. However, we recommend that studies be conducted to provide
an estimate of fish populations or carrying capacity of Black Bear Lake.
These data should aid in developing future stocking plans.
Page VI-43, seventh paragraph. Stream Temperature Monitoring. We recommend
that a thermograph be located on the spawning grounds above Black Lake to
monitor intra-gravel temperature. These data should be useful in developing
operation plans that would maintain natural stream temperatures.
Page VI-44, fourth paragraph. Stream Discharge. We support your proposal
of taking a series of flow measurements on Black Bear Creek upstream from
Black Lake. These measurements should determine flow contribution from
unregulated tributaries which would help define a discharge regime.
Page VI-44, sixth paragraph. Estuarine Reconnaissance. This section should
be deleted as discussed in the inter-agency meeting of June 15, 1981. 'Minimal
project impacts are expected in the estuary.
Page VI-46, first paragraph. Wildlife. We suggest that this section be
modified to include plans to identify waterbird and raptor migration routes
through existing data or surveys.
Page VI-46, second paragraph. Wildlife. We suggest that post-project surveys
include a,plan to monitor bird mortalities reSUlting from the transmission
line.
Page VI-47, fifth paragraph. Construction. We suggest that this paragraph
be expanded to indicate that blasting will not occur within a half mile of
an active eagle nest during March 1 through August 31.
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Page VI-49 , seventh paragraph. Protection of Water Quality. Detailed
descriptions of the proposed stream channelization work should be given.
If extensive channelization is required, we suggest that diversion culverts
or similar control measures be used to reduce discharge of sediments.
Page VI-50, third paragraph. Aquatic Habitat and Fish Populations. A
commitment to mitigate impacts on rainbow trout should be included in this
section. We suggest that the narrative state that spawning habitat will be
maintained and/or a stocking program will be implemented. ----
Page VI-50, fourth paragraph. Aquatic Habitat and Fish Populations. High
flows may not always reduce stream temperatures. A water temperature study
for the Terror Lake hydroelectric facility indicates that an increased flow
in the Kizhuyak River might slightly increase water temperatures due to the
increased stream surface area exposed to warming air temperatures. We,
therefore, suggest that this paragraph be expanded to provide additional
explanation of predicted temperature changes.
Page VI-51, first paragraph. Aquatic Habitat and Fish Populations. We suggest
that this paragraph be modified to state that fishery enhancement measures
will be implemented if the project adversely impacts the fishery.
Page VI-51, seventh paragraph. Beneficial Environmental Effects. The effect
of higher winter flows on temperature in the lower basin requires further
explanation. Below Black Lake, flow rates would be primarily influenced
by unregulated flows.
Page VI-53, second paragraph. Wildlife Habitat and Populations. We suggest
that impacts be assessed from the standpoint of the individual impact of this
project as well as the cumulative impact of other developments in this region.
Page VI-54, fourth paragraph. Summary. We suggest that this section be
expanded to describe the rationale used in making estimates of annual salmon
catches.
Page VI-72, second paragraph. Operations. We suggest that instream flow
requirements be evaluated by means of some type of instream flow method to
be determined through coordination with resource agencies.
Page 1, second paragraph. Appendix C.
also consider environmental costs. We
Creek projects be terminated only when
the biological value of this system.
The selection of a project should
suggest that studies on the Reynolds
there is sufficient data to assess
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Page 3, item 1. Environmental. We suggest that the project description include
the location and dimensions of the proposed dock.
Page 3, item 2. Environmental. We suggest that this section be expanded
to include all known fishery data for this system. It should also include
anticipated changes of natural flow with the project.
Page 3, third paragraph. Environmental. We suggest the sources of these
data be cited.
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5.
Page 3, last paragraph. Environmental. We suggest that this section be
expanded to identify eagle nests in the area.
Page 4, third paragraph. Environmental. This section should be expanded to
identify fish habitat in the Reynolds and Portage Creek system.
Page 4, fourth paragraph. Environmental. We suggest that this section be
expanded to validate the assumption that diversion of 25% of a drainage area
(Lake Josephine) would result in a 25% reduction in the fl~w of Portage Creek.
It should also identify fish habitat of this system.
Page 4, last paragraph. Environmental. We suggest that this paragraph be
expanded to cite studies of trans-basin diversion for the proposed Terror
Lake hydroelectric project, Kodiak Island.
We appreciate the opportunity to review and comment on the subject report.
Sincerely yours,
~,a.~
A$~~~~nal Director
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ALASKA POWER AUTHORITY
334 WEST 5th AVENUE -ANCHORAGE, ALASKA 99501
Mr. John A. !ot:>rrison
Acting Assistant Regional Director
U.S. Fish apd Wildlife Service
1011 E. Tudor Road
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
October 15, 1981
Subject: Proposed Black Bear lake Hydroelectric Project
Dear Mr. Morrison:
Phone: (907) 277-7641
(907) 276-0001
Thank you for your agency t s review of the Black Bear lake Project
draft feasibility report and July 2, 1981, letter of cament. We offer
the following responses to those ccmrents.
Cament Identification and Response
General Comrents:
Fist paragraph Reynolds and Portage Creeks:
Your CCJI'lrent is noted. Appendix E and Exhibit 4 of
Appendix C of the draft report contain all available ADFG
info:r.mation on these two streams, including ADFG
escaperrent data. In the case of Portage Creek, an
ADFG stream map prepared in 1979 was presented in
Appendix E.
Second paragraph: See responses to specific comments
below.
Specific Comments:
Page 11-9, first paragraph. The suggested change has been
made.
Page IV-2, third paragraph. Since the Reynolds Creek site
originally considered for a powerhouse is at
tidewater, virtually the entire stream would be
affected by diversion of Lake Mellen flows through
a penstock.
Page VI-lO,third paragraph. Your ccmrent is noted. The
three additional citations in the paragraph,
all fran ADFG biologists familiar with the lake,
indicate there is no consensus of opinion on the
quality of sport fishing in Black Bear lake.
More iITpJrtantly, an estimate of the rainl::x::M trout
population of Black Bear lake will be during their
spawning season in the spring of 1982 as part of
John A. M::>rrision
October 15, 1981
our continuing aquatic studies.
Page VI -13 , last paragraph. The spelling error has been corrected.
Page VI-15,second paragraph. The word "insignificant" has
changed to Ifrninor. II
Page VI-l5,last paragraph. Your cament is noted. The last
sentence of this paragraph states that the trans-
mission line will avoid wetland and edge crossings where
waterfowl are abundant. Also, Mr. King of your Juneau
office has inforned our consultants that the Project
is not within any major waterfcwl migration route.
This inforrration has been added to the paragraph
in question.
Page VI-l6,fifth paragraph. The width of the rockfill extending
extending into the lake will be established
during final design of the Project. It will be
of the minimum width required to provide safe passage
around the unstable slope mentioned.
The last sentence of the paragraph has been
rewritten as suggested.
The sentence on page VI -66 referred to has
been clarified, substituting the words "along
the lakeshore" for "in the shallow bay."
There is a slight curvature of the shoreline
at the location in question, but it is not
a bay.
Page VI-18,third paragraph. This entire paragraph has been
deleted and the following statement substituted,
as reccmrended by ADFG: .
"Only minor wildlife population reductions are
anticipated with the Project."
Page VI-18,fifth paragraph. A statement explaining that the
same considerations were used as for the analysis
of operations flows has been added. A new
paragraph responding to ccmrents by ADFt; has
also been added immediately following Table VI-2.
This new paragraph is as follows:
"ADFG has requested that the April minimum
release be increased fran 7.0 cfs to 15.8 cfs to
assure adequate flows for pink and chum salmon
fry outrnigration (Appendix J). ADFt; suggests
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John A. Morrision
October 15, 1981
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that the water lost for reservoir filling
during April could be recouped by reductions in
the min.imum flews of Table VI-2 for the rronths
'Jtme through Noverrber. While increasing the
April min.imum flew may benefit pink/ch\.U11 out-
migration, reductions in the minima. for the
other rronths may increase the potential for
adverse impact on the fishery resource upstream
of Black Lake during reservoir filling. The
continuing studies discussed elsewhere in this
document will provide rrore detailed information
on fish habitat and use in this reach, which
will allew refinerent of the proposed reservoir
filling release regiITe."
Page VI-19,first paragraph. The second sentence has been
rewritten to read " ... such that chances of birds
being electrocuted will be minimized."
Page VI-20, last paragraph. The suggested addition has
been made.
Page VI-22,second paragraph. Specific ITeasures recamended
by USEPA have been included .:in this paragraph.
Page VI -23, second paragraph. The proposed use of herbicides
has been deleted, as reccmrcnded by ADFG.
Page VI-26,third paragraph. This information has been added.
Page VI-27,third paragraph, and Page VI-29, last paragraph.
These paragraphs have been revised to indicate
that the Project may decrease the frequency of
occurrence of SUI1l'Ier high water temperatures,
and that while this \\1Ould tend to increase
survival of rearing salrronids, higher water
velocities associated with the higher summer
flews may reduce rearing habitat in certain
reaches of the stream.
Page VI-37,last paragraph. This suggestion has been
incorporated •
Page VI-43,sixth paragraph. The actual scope of continuing
aquatic \\1Ork as agreed upon in our meetings has
been substituted for the section on pages VI-42
John A. Morrision
October 15, 1981
to VI -44. On the recatrrendation of our consultants,
the scope of these studies does include population
estimate work on Black Bear lake rain.l::K:'M trout.
Page VI-43, seventh paragraph. Your reccmrendation is noted
and was in'plerrented during SUTllTEr 1981 field surveys.
Page VI -44, fourth paragraph. Your concurrence with our approach
is noted.
Page VI-44,sixth paragraph. This section has been deleted, as
agreed in the June 15, 1981, rrecting.
Page VI-46,first paragraph. Mr. King, waterfOtJl biologist
of your Juneau office, has infor:rred our con-
sultants that he anticipates no Project effects
on waterfowl migration since the Project Area is
not within any major migration route.
I-tr. Hodges, eagle rnanagarent biologist of your
Juneau office, informed us that eagle nests
and likely J1'Overrent routes would be identified
during his survey work in September 1981.
Page VI -46, second paragraph. The text has been changed to
indicate that transmission line maintenance and
surveillance personnel will be required to report
electrocutions of large birds.
Page VI-47,fifth paragraph. The suggested change has been
made.
Page VI -49, seventh paragraph. This paragraph has been expanded
to include a description of the gravel-cobble-
boulder/bedrock nature of streambed materials in
this reach and to indicate that only small amunts
of suspended fines would be expected to be released
by the construction activities referred to.
Page VI-50, fourth paragraph. The last sentence in the para-
graph has been changed to read "Mitigation treasures
will be planned in ccx::>peration with USFS and ADFG."
Page VI-50, fifth paragraph. The text has been changed to read
"Higher St1lllier flONs may decrease the frequency ... "
rather than " ••• will decrease the frequency ••• "
Water temperature date to be collected during our
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John A. Morrision
October 15, 1981
continuing studies should be useful for predicting
t.eJ11?erature changes. We caution against any
carpa.risions with the Terror Lake project. The Terror
Lake project involves a trans-basin diversion to the
Kizhuyak River, much mre water, and a very different
type of stream system.
Page VI-51,first paragraph. The paragraph has been IIDdified to
reflect this suggestion.
Page VI-51,seventh paragraph. The staterrent has been IIDdified
to read "Higher winter flavs also would tend to
ameliorate ••• tt
Page VI-53,second paragraph. You carrrent is noted.
Page VI-54, fourth paragraph. This preliminary estim3.te is
based on the field observations to date and on
the experience of one of our consultants in other Southeast
Alaska streams
(See Appendix J). The
next phase of our field prC'lgrarn will provide data
which will permit a mre precise estim3.te.
Page VI -72, second paragraph. The understanding reached during
our meetings and discussions with representatives
of the resource agencies involved in review of the
Project, including a representative of the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, was that
scope and nethods of our aquatic investigations to date
as well as those of the continuing 'WOrk that began
in July 1981 are regarded as satisfactory.
The cascading and braided nature of the stream belav
the powerhouse location, backwater effects of Black
Lake, and dynamic nature of the stream bed make
location of staff gages difficult. During the S'I.IDITer
and fall of 1981 while napping stream habitat and
performing escapenent counts, the hydrologists and
biologists of the field team have been recording water
temperature and actual streamflavs in the reach above
Black Lake. The results of -this effort will be discussed
with resource agency staff in November 1981 and reported
in the license application.
Appendix C,page 1, second paragraph. You suggestion is noted.
John A. Morrision
October 15, 1981
Appendix C,page 3, item 1. You suggestion is noted.
Appendix C,page 3, item 2. All available ADFG fisheries date
on both Reynolds and Portage Creeks were included
in Appendix E of the draft report. The second part
of your C'CClll"ent is noted.
Appendix C,page 3 second paragraph. These data were obtained
fran ADFG lake and stream mrrvey reports, all of
which were presented in Appendix E of the draft
report.
Appendix C,page 3, last paragraph. 'Ib our kncwledge no eagle
surveys have been conducted in this area.
Appendix C, page 4, third paragraph. As noted above, all avail-
able ADFG fisheries date were included in Appendix E
of the report.
Appendix C,page 4, fourth paragraph. Your first corrrrent is
noted. Second C'CClll"ent: an ADFG stream map of
Portage Creek. was included in Appendix E of the
draft report.
Appendix C,page 4, last paragraph. You suggestion is noted.
The changes indicated above will al so be included in the license
application to be subnitted to the Federal Energy Regulatory Ccmnission.
cc: I.eonardson -Harza
Robinson -Harza
Bishop -Environaid
Sincerely,
(', '. J \ l i. \ ~ '. .. X· '-\... \. .
Eric P. Yould
Executive Director
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CENTRAL COUNCIL
tlm(4lt anO halOa mOlan ti21B€S o~ alaska
One Sealaska Plaza -Suite 200
Juneau, Alaska 99801
(907) 586-1432 or 586-3613
RECEIVED
July 15, 1981 JUL201981
/>J.ASKA POWER AUTHORITY
Brent Petrie, Project Manager
Alaska Power Authority
333 West 4th Avenue, Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Dear Brent:
As Development Specialist for Tlingit and Haida Central Council, working
with Natives of the communities to be affected by the Black Bear Lake
Hydroelectric Project, I would like to comment on the proposed project . .
The separate communities and village corporations on Prince of Wales
Island are beginning to see the advantages of thinking along regional
lines in many of their ventures. A regional energy supply would ease
the separate burdens of each village of providing electricity to the
separate municipalities, and reinforce major economic development that
is occurring on the Island. Native Village Corporations are planning
to expand activities greatly over the course of the next ten years,-
and the population will almost certainly grow as opportunities become
realized. We hope to see not only the primary activities of resource
extraction, but also secondary processing, which will call for much
more energy than is currently available.
The Central Council fully supports the Black Bear Lake Project for these
reasons. Thank you for this opportunity to comment, and for your continued
efforts to keep us informed of the progress of this project. Coordination
and cooperation between agencies is of utmost importance if we are to guide
development of Southeast resources toward the betterment of our lives here.
LR:bmd
Sincerely,
CENTRAL COUNCIL OF TLINGIT AND HAIDA
INDIAN TRIBES OF ALASKA
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Ll 11 ian Ruedri ch, Development Sped ali s t
Economic and Social Development Div.
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July 17, 1981
Mr. Brent Petrie
Project Manager
Alaska Power Authority
333 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 31
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Dear Mr. Petrie:
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NationaL M~ine Fisheries Serviae
P.O. Box 1668
Juneau, AZaska 99802
REC21VED
JUL 2 ~ 1981
J>.l,ASKA POWER AUTHORITY
RE: Black Bear Lake Project
We have reviewed the proposed environmental monitoring program discussed
in the Black Bear Lake Project Feasibility Report Draft. Of the six
studies that we recommended in our March 24,1981, letter, the proposed
monitoring programsati sfactori ly addresses all of them except our re-
commendation for an instream flow study. Instead of the instream flow
study, a USFS Level lV stream survey is proposed.
We understand that the Level IV stream survey was substituted for the
instream flow study primarily because of cost. Although we share your
concern about the cost of an instream flow study, we do not believe that
the Level lV stream survey is sensitive enough by itself to determine
major changes in fish habitat caused by a regulated flow regime. However,
an integrated approach that would combine both fisheries data and hy-
drologic data into a comprehensive format might be an alternative. If
such an approach could address those concerns discussed in our March 24
letter, we believe that an instream flow study would not be necessary.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment upon this draft report.
Si ncere ly,
/ll
~ '''?~ t.~~? <:'-)Y-:~-:~'{' ~. /
(..-~ ://. ~ "'V"-fr-,-~
Robert W. McVey .
Director, Alaska Region
//--:.:-: .
333 WEST 4th AVENUE· SUITE 31 -ANCHORAGE. ALASKA 99501 Phone: (907) 277-7641 ...
(907) 276-2715 ., ..
August 7, 1981 ~azA £NGlNEERLNG CO .. -
Mr. Robert W. McVey
Director, Alaska Region
Dale Received J~'
P.oukd To ZL-,~~~
National Marine Fisheries Service
P.O. Box 1668
Clnrl;ed tOt mug b, KEL
I'rc;y! Nu~het /28££ ,..
L!a :i [kat:un -Juneau, Alaska 99802
Dear Mr. McVey: Sutjdct Designatioll
Thank you for your comments of July 17, 1981 on the Black Bear Lake Project
Draft Feasibility Report. We have worked hard to respond to agency con-
cerns and are happy to learn that our field program, which is now being
implemented, satisfactorily addresses five of the six issues raised in your
letter of March 24,1981.
We wish to respond for the record regarding your comments on a U.S. Forest
Service Level IV stream survey and instream flow study. As you may be
aware, on June 15, 1981 our engineering and biology consultants visited
Black Bear Creek with a team from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service and
walked the reach of stream in question which is below the powerhouse site
and above Black Lake. That trip verified our consultants earlier feelings
that data from staff gages on that reach of stream may be of questionable
value due to the backwater effects from changing water levels in Black
Lake, the braided and cascading nature of the stream above the backwater
area and below the tailrace location, and the dynamic nature of the stream-
bed which makes the location of a stable stream cross' section difficult.
Since the incremental method of instream flow analysis relies heavily upon
the correlation of staff gage data to suitable habitat area and since
suitability of use curves have not been developed for sockeye and silver
salmon in Alaskan waters, our decision not to pursue a full scale tradi-
tional instream flow study was based primarily upon the physical aspects of
the stream and resultant usability of staff gage data rather than cost.
We are now proceeding with a modified USFS Level IV study and will prepare
a qualitative map of habitat along the stream reach while attempting to
establish stage discharge relationships by other methods. We now have
biologists and hydrologists in the field for the escapement season and will
have them on-site during the 1982 out migration season. The hydrologists
are taking actual stream flow measurements of Black Bear Creek during their
site visits and habitat surveys and will correlate this data with the
continous recording station operated by U.S.G.S. at the outlet of Black
Bear Lake. They will place a staff gage to aid in correlation if a suit-
able site can be located, but as we mentioned at the June 15, 1981 meeting
this may not be fruitful due to stream characteristics.
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Mr. Robert W. McVey
August 7 t 1981
Page 2
We are aware of the desire to integrate the fisheries and hydrology data
for the reach of stream in question. We are hopeful that the USFS Level IV
study with qualitative habitat maps and periodic hydrologic measurements by
staff in the field will provide the necessary detail to finalize the
operating regime for the powerplant.
Thank you for your agency's assistance in review of the draft report. If
the above approach is not satisfactorily responsive to your agency's con-
cerns, please do not hesitate to contact us immediately.
FOR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SZ:~/1.~--
Brent N. Petrie
Project Manager
cc: Don Cornelius, ADF&G, Ketchikan
Mike Nishimoto, USFWS, Juneau
Ken Leonardson, Harza Engineering, Chicago ~
Dan Bishop, Environaid, Juneau MARZA £NGtNEERI.NG CO.
Date Received
Rouled To
CINifi,d lot filing by ____ .......
Projc'!:l Number
Cla::s: IkatioD
Sucject Designation
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