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HomeMy WebLinkAboutTidal Energy Project 2005|4-96 +eheeon aE:I MEA cobsch! McT.LS Liver av C Verdot On.ther psd} esd \wcteyce preZkMo for L MW plot pled FE HP coheed on pare Elmendorl Tim fosey 163.5269 Mil Tobyen-Chief of Engling 252-5406 20 yy Yo \he men [-2 mph en pach cpead 10m fs 1 hure is PE.M.K,Hee L Reece tell Leland Tr&e J nerp y Proje Minos Pagrege -Nove.Seat he.Cape xb Mest int for FPRIT 200A 5/3 - ai ¢Sy+ns : - . ' rtoe : Knik Arm,AK Cairn Point Snapshot Width 2,370m Average Depth 23m (from MLLW) Cairn Point Cross-sectional area 54,200 m? -Required navigation clearance ?-see note Grid Interconnection ”Seabed Composition Mud ?--see note oe Will work with U MLLW Depth (m) mI <0 Cairn Point Transect SACE and Matanuska Electric in early 2006 Site Potential Power Density 3.4 kW/m? (Depth Averaged) Avg.Power Available 182 MW Avg.Power Extractable 27.3 MW (15%extraction) Number of Homes 27,300 which can be PoweredPortofAnchorage Source:NOAA Coastal SurveyDec13,2005 Source:NOAA Tidal Current Predictions Stations NW of Cairn Pt (2005) Ci-lel TopoZone -The Web's Topographic Map Page 1 of 1 A$rar,we a' 0.8 1.2 Map center is UTM 6 345472E 6794878N (WGS84/NAD83) Anchorage &Vicinity quadrangle Projection is UTM Zone 6 NAD83 Datum M=21.056 G=-2.528 http://www.topozone.com/print.asp?z=6&n=6794877.9578039|&e=345471.530338221&s=...1/4/2006 INTRODUCTION General Remarks Volume VI of the Gulf of Alaska Wave and Wind Measuring Program (GAWWMP) is devoted to measurements made in the vicinity of Yakutat during the period September 1974 through May 1975.An index to report volumes which cover this period for the other four GAWWMP sites is also included.The present volume presents data products for the Yakutat site and offshore Waverider buoy cluster with a minimum of explanatory detail.Volume I of this report contains an overview of the entire project and describes the various sensors and also contains a generalized description of data processing methods,More detailed information concerning aspects of the latter is provided in Volume VIT., The location of the Yakutat site in relationship to the other four measurement sites is shown in Figure 1.Yakutat was the most eastern site, located 60 miles east of the Icy Bay site,and about 500 miles from the Sitkinak site. Site Description Regional Setting The town of Yakutat is situated at the head of Monti Bay on the east side of Yakutat Bay whose mouth opens to the south-southwest into the Gulf of Alaska (see Figures 2 and 3).The GAWWMP shore recording site was at the U.S.Coast Guard's Ocean Cape LORAN A Station,which is located on the beach four miles due west of the Yakutat Airport. Based on comparisons of wind and weather data from both locations, the airport and shore recording sites appear to experience very similar conditions.The proximity of the two locations would normally lead one INTERSEA RESEARCH CORPORATION -1- 'Anchorage 7 PRINCEWhittier E Montogue |. 'ARREN --?we8iSo7e0Amotuli|.c a ee SO wittiam BC°soupi?Hinchinbrook |.5 SHORE STATION oo one,Jroyor 1 "*Yokotoga.+0JYeqgd:ay iW @p12”a SHORE STATION==>ara J e isvo\b 'oye Cweeny,siren Cope Spence!CHICHAGOE he Locations of nN aa rebar is.Pa'raoo""ee Sithinak 4.Lo ;'sEMIOI 'Ss.\SHORE STATION"oY vk >0 $0 100 150 200Ne}$/.3 aS eter =(J bo :d /. Nouftical Miles'%i oo -@ BUOY LOCATION 1102 Figure l, Waverider buoys and shore recording stations. ray 6Fr4-SOOr mr =|Za MY: Mt.Alverstone 14.500 3A |pets ry Mt Augusta .15700 goocme momen " *%Mt.Kennedy 13,90524Meee70102030.We 'SuElins @ EOE Se8!7 beet it i J z 7 Nautical miles a 7ORaSs 0 10 20 30 40 50SoeLoti!J i - Me Mt.Cook Kilometers Depths in fathoms Heights in feet@r0 , .KX aor Mt.Seattle °"Mt.Aylesworth 3 i"wg 6770 Mt.Al\ buenasAMLWasorclgMtos, 4 \.o ;-\.241 Se 37 95 he 128 iseKisz ow 87)goa 52247TovA- Figure 2. GAWWMP Waverider buoy locations -Yakutat. -3-1102 (0)1 2 3|is a ss eeee |i ] Nautical miles 0 1 2 3 4 5Lapeldt1|i J Kilometers Depths in fathoms ¢ Heights in feet , : '>'Staten &.'9 Gregson=island - : **oe \&r rr 12feo.3 ;Pr Munez 410 8°2 °" ane FaveWeoumard PoP1)ae -:i:-i Jasseaeet Tt i baeseede *r .i7 ho!.28« 3 pasetaeOeeassaeCane -*tft;'t a 7 Kardy ilake -_- .---3meeJ.RECORDING LOCATION Figure 3. Yakutat GAWWMP shore station recording location (from USGS Quadrangle Yakutat C-5). no' to expect this.However,IRC's prior experience interpreting wave and weather data near Yakutat lead to the belief that local effects might be important in the vicinity of U.S.Weather Service Station which is located at Yakutat Airport.It now appears these effects are more regional than local and that differences in exposure and land frictional effects between the airport and the beach are not the primary cause of low wind speeds reported from Yakutat.These wind speeds seemingly are unrepresentative of wind conditions in the Gulf further offshore,but could still be valid near the Waverider buoy cluster whose location is shown in Figure 2. Climate at lower elevations in the vicinity of Yakutat is dominated by fluctuations caused by the impingment of marine disturbances moving against immense terrestrial orographic bartiers.Yakutat's average annual preci- pitation of 132 inches is one of the greatest in Alaska,yet both daily and seasonal average temperatures remain within fairly well-confined limits. The Saint Elias Mountain Range,containing the second highest group of peaks in North America,rises to elevations of 10,000 to 19,850 feet at distances ranging between 40 and 80 miles in the northwest to northeast,while elevations between 6,000 and 15,000 feet are found somewhat closer in the quadrant extending northeast to southeast. This continuous cordillera and its associated glaciers strongly modify both the behavior and tracks of weather systems in the entire southeastern Alaska,effects which may extend well seaward into the Gulf of Alaska. Low pressure systems that develop in the western North Pacific often move along a northeast to east track,encountering no obstructions to this move- ment until they reach the Gulf of Alaska.These lows may move into the Gulf of Alaska at speeds of between 20 and 30 knots before they encounter the barrier of mountains,whose blocking effect causes a packing of the isobars along the slopes.The result may be a super gradient wind,where wind speeds are in excess of those normally associated with the barometric gradient. The duration of the wind is also affected by the mountains.Instead of lasting only several hours (as would be the case if there were no blocking), INTERSEA RESEARCH CORPORATION -5- it is possible for these lows to persist for several days.Blocked by the mountain barrier,most low pressure systems will stagnate and gradually fill or,as sometimes happens,a second low will move into the Gulf and reinforce the first storm before it can leave the Gulf, A second characteristic of the blocking may also be observed.The move ment of cyclones (low pressure systems)into this region is first affected as the upper levels of the system encounter the mountains.A portion of the upper air mass may be dammed by the mountains and redirected back out to sea at lower levels,This redirected air mass can blow counter to actual isobaric patterns in localized regions.This counter flow is normally a relative light wind because it is in fact a resultant wind of the true gradient wind and the flow of air dammed against the mountain.The Yakutat site is in such a region. Still another phenomenon is the "foehn"condition where the continental anticyclones (high pressure systems)are dammed behind the mountain barriers, and periodically dense,cold air "spills"over the mountains flowing down the valleys and offshore,Similar,but less intense,gravity flows may result from local cooling of the air in glacial-filled valleys.Foehn condi- tions are known in many areas of the world.In Alaska,these sometimes intense down-valley winds are often called "williwaws".While these winds are adiabatically warmed by compression as they move to lower elevations, they are usually colder than the relatively warm offshore waters. The high coastal mountain ranges are surface manifestations of active tectonic processes taking place beneath this region.Indeed,after the Aleutian Trench,the Yakutat district is one of the most seismically active in Alaska.The most notable earthquake and tsunami within historic times local to this region occurred on September 10,1899.Uplifts in Disenchant- ment Bay and Russell Fjord at the northern end of Yakutat Bay (see Figure 2) amounted to 5-14 meters while subsidance of up to two meters took place near the outer coast (Cox and Pararas-Carayannis,1969). INTERSEA RESEARCH CORPORATION -6- Offshore Regional Characteristics Gross bathymetric characteristics of the continental shelf region off- shore from Yakutat may be seen in Figure 2.Sea valleys are found off both Dry Bay (Alsek Canyon)and Yakutat Bay which serve to isolate a portion of the continental shelf between them south of Ocean Cape. Table 1 gives the positions,buoy numbers,telemetry distances and frequencies plus mooring depths of the three Waverider accelerometer buoys off Yakutat as well as those for other locations.Waverider Buoy #13 is about 9,2 nautical miles from Buoy #14 and 15.3 miles from Buoy #15; Buoy #14 is about 8.1 miles from Buoy #15. From oceanographic literature it is believed that the ocean current environment in the vicinity of the Yakutat buoy cluster may be the least severe of the five Waverider sites occupied during the GAWWMP measurements* The Yakutat buoys also were located closest to the mainland of any of the five clusters,However,there still is evidence of semidiurnal changes in wave parameters recorded onboard the Waverider buoys at Yakutat.While there may be several driving mechanisms for these periodic events,we believe some similar periodicities at the Middleton Island site were induced by ocean currents. Onshore Physiographic and Climatic Characteristics With Special Reference to Wind and Meteorological Observations Of the three locations chosen for GAWWMP shore recording stations,only Yakutat posessed the advantage of having a major existing weather facility. Weather observations have been made at Yakutat continuously since April l, 1917 (see Table 2).Since 1948,the Weather Service Office has been classified as a Class "A"Station and has been located at the State Airport. This station provides routine hourly surface and twice-daily upper air reports.The Yakutat weather station history given in Table 2 shows several *IRC/BBN Current Meter Station "A"collected data at three levels near Buoy #14 during May and June 1974. INTERSEA RESEARCH CORPORATION -7- -g-NO!LYVYOdYODHOYV3S3YV3SH3LNITable 1 Original Waverider and Telemetry Frequency Assignments Gulf of Alaska Approx. Telemetry Water Buoy Distance Telemetry Depth Waverider Type Latitude Longitude (n.m.)Freq.(MHz)(feet) 1 Sitkinak Large 56°17.3'N 154°25.5'W 17 27.440 288 2 Sitkinak Std.56°19.2'154°11.5'14 27.460 309 3 Sitkinak Std.56°20.0'154°05.0'14 27.480 294 4 E.Amatuli Large/F 58°49.9°151°35.0'-27.440 402 5 E.Amatuli Large/F 58°46.0'151°16.4'-27.460 432 6 E.Amatuli -Large/F 58°52.8'151°22.5'-27.480 420 7 Middleton Is.Large 59°20.7"146°33.0°8 27.440 354 8 Middleton Is.Std.59°19.4°146°28.2'7 27.460 450 9 Middleton Is,Std.59°22.2'146°13.3'6 27.480 600 10 Icy Bay Large/F 59°24.2'141°46.0'-27.440 600 11 Icy Bay Std/F 59°29.6'141°48.8°-27.460 582 12 Icy Bay Std/F 59°27.5"141°40.0'-27.480 582 13 Yakutat Large/F 59°22.4'140°02.0'11 27.440 600 14 Yakutat Std.59°24.0°139°46.3'6 27.460 420 15 Yakutat Std.59°18.3'139°34.0'14 ; 27.480 480 NOTES: Buoy Type -Large =0.9M,Std.=0.7M,/F =triangular fender guard. Buoy Number -Replacement buoys were numbered 2b,2c etc.in order to maintain the appropriatetelemetryfrequencysequenceineachcluster.See the site history in Table 4.Buoy 'Location -After the original installation in 1974 the replacement buoys in a cluster were placed near sites 2,4,8,11 and 13 in order to reduce the effort involved in surface or airsearches.(See Table 8,Volume I) eeeo NOILVYOdHuODHOYV3S3SYV3SH3LNITable 2 Yakutat Weather Station Location and History STATION LOCATION VAKUTAT,ALASKA STATS AIRPORT Elevanos sbove Ses Ground See level level4 !h |j 5 Location !Lostude |Loaginude]§2 |§a/4 i].Remarks .a North Veet wt 5 q f § 3 a f 4 3 e 3 $ '33 2§2 3 fia?4jan|sa]él]?§57:gs leslie)es]&]E &oe |®Ye le s|F |]o ae}¢ te Observer's Home 4-2-27]8-5-29 so°33°|139°44°5 --- (ia Old Village) . Je Observer's Rome 8-5-29)6-14-33 wWoai.E se°33°|139°44°8 --- Cin ew Village) In Post Office 614-33 6-17-36)"4 ats s9°33°|130°44°s --- (At Old Village) Ta Post Office 5-27-36 3-1-41)YVawi.k so°33°|139°44°8 --- (At Dew Village). Control Quarters,CAA 2-3-41]Oct,1941 1mi.s |s9°32°]139°aa"|8 -[--Changed to CAA for Awy.Obs. Utilities Building Personnel Office at ince.1941]8-1-48]2-1/2 wi.ESE}59°31°139°40°----Arny aseumed command of sree. Yokutst Air Base Weather Bureau Office S-1-48 Present]No Chaage 59°31°|139°40°28 a20 |12 10 bir lll]ce a -49 ft,to 11-29-52,sort. PAA-Benger Building to 6-30-58,and 34 ft.to State Airport 6-16-66, b=10 ft.to 11-29-52. ec Commissioned 1620 ft.B ofthernosetereite9-1-64. changes in station location,but none of these have been over substantial distances.At present,the wind instruments are located at the most acute apex of a triangular piece of ground formed by the confluence of the main runway and a taxiway leading from the hangar.While anemometers have been located here since 1948,the instrumentation itself has been of several types and mounted at various altitudes as shown by a note in Table 2. Figure 3 shows the approximate positions of both the NOAA and GAWWMP wind. sensors.The former apparently has good exposure from all directions, although scattered forest or low buildings surround the airport at distances varying between 0.3 and 1.5 miles.Photographs of the situation of this instrumentation will be included in a later Yakutat Site Volume.The present NOAA Meteorologist-in-Charge is Phillip Baker,with whom discussions have been had regarding his interpretation of the anomalous wind behavior around Yakutat. Table 3 provides a climatological summary for Yakutat plus the recorded extremes of several important variables.Particularly interesting,con- sidering the length of record available,is that the maximum wind,Fastest Mile,is only 75 mph*.Note also that the extreme winds for all months come approximately from the east to southeast octant.Note further that the Yakutat Weather Station operates on Yukon Standard Time. The present program maintained a Bendix Aerovane anemometer for wind measurements at the Ocean Cape LORAN Station.This instrument was mounted atop a 30-foot pole about 150 feet from the beach in front of the main LORAN Station Building (consisting of a large Quonset hut).The station itself is situated in a rectangular area,cleared of trees,about 1,200 feet long paralleling the shore and extending about 400 feet inland from the beach.A dense stand of spruce trees with heights varying between 20 and 60 feet surrounds this clearing on three sides.The beach side is completely open allowing about a 150°arc of total exposure of the sensor to winds off the ocean.Exposure to winds from other directions is judged good,with * Note fastest mile of wind is always given in statute miles instead of knots. INTERSEA RESEARCH CORPORATION -10- -TI-Table 3 Yakutat Airport Weather Station NORMALS,MEANS,AND EXTREMES Relative é ry ture Precipitation WindTemperatu:2 Pp!humidity z Mean numberof days 3 -Sunrise Normal Extremes 9 3 Snow,Sleet Fastest mile é 5 i to ®;Temperatures -:a}o|a|9/F alba Ae E Me Tyg53q§>g a\¢q awlan|pad pul 3 s P ilps 25l8d 8| é 2 |ez 2 z z 5 =Z 4 139 ae Sob x: <<r=é ! a ai J :wn Sete aie Leq\2Gl28]3 Hla {i se]2]2 Eels Ela as 3 i134 #155 3 riettrta 2 BLEEP E 5 3/e8]lee F/beeg e]eel Sel ze]3s|32|/a6|=ff]£|;=|2 |2 |Z el &[ze]=s[>|S$jza|2 fro 2 823)8)a)2 12123]3b [28]d |Zstig Z|sle8laziag|§i- (a)](b)(b)(b)4 4 (b)tb)27 7 a2 20 20 20 |4]4]4]20/15 |20]20 zo]20]20!20)22/20]20/20;4}4)4 6 J 3a,0]2002)273]45)1905 [-21/1905 1169110.86 1950 Teel}1949 1200511949 (81/82)79}82]B.O1€63]14/1950 Te5 6 s}21]18]ef ef]3 Oo}22 oe 6 35.8 Zed]2006]07/2968 J-25/1968 1039]8.20 1962 0703/2965 |2007/1999 €$3)12/1968 O.2 3 3)2af lajaor e]3 oY 43 2 3 w |39.0|23.0]32.6]87/1968 J-10/1966 |1042 8.69 1950 132.0/2959 |3226/1960 €41]09]1949 7.0]5)4]22]26]9]oF 5]«Of 6@f 2e 8 A |40,6]2904]37.0!Saji96es |30/1968 Bou]7223 1948 O707/1968 |18.2)1968 €Si]Lap 1esee 7.8]64]6S]2a]27]SRO}af oof af 28]6 "$2.2]270}44.6]72/1968 22)1968 632]7.98 1960 3400/1965 |10.0/1965 $2]34]1996 6e2 3 Ss}20)Jel 1)eo}38 *o|ist oO J |52.6]0303]Sued]73/3967 |SL]19680)435)5.06 1946 000 000 97/03]75]86)Te)ESE]98]11]1999 6.6)2]4]2a]a6]of of 3]af of aloo J OOS}&7e7]S4od]72/1965 35/1908 336]6.43 1957 00 0.0 99]66]62/94]TO;ESE!35)11/1959 6.7 2 S|}2a]37]o]@]4 ) a 00.6 4700]53-8]77/1908 3411966¢347/10092 1954 0-0 0-0 99/90]01/97)eS)ESE]43)33/1957 4:5 3 a!24]18)of #9);0 A ° S |56.7]SheT]09.2|69/1907 |25/1908 74116653 1946 ¥[3956 T 1956 [97/94/83/97)FeS/E 55{14]1950 Oo7/2]4)def at]of e]4)Of Of 6 Oo °25,9]3406)4269)6551967 611966 716119059 1950 3600/1966 |14.7/1956 |93)90/61/93]B/E 75;2a]195s Oe 4 2]25]26]a]a]3 f:)1)36]0 Ww |40.9]2607]9308]e8]1960¢]-611906 |936/16009 1950 O708/1956 [2703/1961 |90)00)63)89)B65)63]BL]19se+]|ae2]4)2)26]21 5]©]af of oof 2s] ry 34.2]2200]2801)47/1960 [24/1964 2246/1247 1942 Phe)4957 |2921)/1961 |O5|85/84]631 9.0];€63)bel ises Ge2 4 3]26)22]aay 9%]2 o|3s]s0f § AUG»Ofc.JUN]ARs MARe OCT. yr]e762]29269]au.ul 77/1968 [-26)1966 90921131.81]43.88/3956 [0052/1906 411.0/1959 |32.4/1960 |92/67]79/90!T.9/€7s]§ljagsss O02 42]43]270/226]So}2]34 a 669]202]21 . ©For Period Septenber 1964 through the current year,Means end extremes in the above table ere from the existing end comparable locations.Annuel extremes have bees exceeded at prior locations as follows: Highest temperature 86 im August 1957,. fe)Length of record,yesra,Unleos otherwiee indicated,dimensions!wnite used in thie bulletin are:temperature in degrees F.;&Figures insteed of letters ta 8 direction columa indicate @rection ta tenes of degrees from true North; (Dd)Climatological ecandard normale (1031-1960).1,im inches;wind movement ia milesperhour;aed relative humidicy Le,09-Eset,18-Sowh,27-Weet,36-North and 00-Caim,Resulent wind is the vectoreum of e Leese than one hell,in percent,Degree dey totale are the sums of the negative departuresofaverage dally iP wind end epecde divided by the number af ebdeervationa.if figures appear in the Girection *@ Aleoonearlier datea,months or years.from 63°F,Sleet wes din U sotsle with July 1948,Heavy fog reduces visibility coluran under "Fastest mile"the correspondingepeedearetacteet bearved l-mimae values, T Trace,an amoent too emall to measure,to 1/4 mile or lesa,be li ere »a minue eign "Sky cover te exprececd in a range of ©for no cloudsor P to 10 for ony 'The prevailing direction for wind iathe Normela,cover.The sumber of cleer days Je based on average cloudiness 0-3;partly cloudy days 6-7)and Meana,ond Emiemes tadle ia from records cloudy days 6-10 temhe,through 4903, little topographic relief to produce any directional bias.However, increased frictional resistance to air flow over land caused by vegétation may result in some dimmunition in speed for winds coming from the northeast quadrant.Photographs of the wind sensor and the land in its vicinity will be furnished in a Yakutat Site Volume covering a later reporting period. Winds directed onshore are no doubt recorded more faithfully at Ocean Cape; however,winds directed offshore may be registered better at the airport. Site History Data Acquisition Three Waverider buoys were installed off Yakutat on August 27,1974.A large-diameter buoy (0.9-meter diameter)developed for this project was installed at Station #13,and conventional 0.7-meter diameter buoys were installed at Stations #14 and #15 (Table 1).All three buoys carried inter- nal data loggers and radios to transmit their displacement signals to shore. The shore station was made operational on August 28,1974 and was equipped to continuously receive transmission from two of the three Waveriders, These wave records were continuously recorded on a Geotech recorder along with north and east wind speed components measured on shore. A summary of Waverider buoy history is given in Table 4.For a more detailed description of data recovery,time-line graphs have been prepared for each of the major data sources (Figure 4;times are GMT).Not only do these graphs show the continuity of the data acquisition,they also indi- cate availability of data should special studies on a portion of the data be considered.Note that the time scale is so compact that holes in the data were rounded to the nearest day and breaks less than 12 hours long were not shown, Acquisition of shore station wave data was dependent on several systems operating simultaneously,so the top line of Figure 4,designated as "shore station systems",was prepared to show the composite availability.Indi- vidual system component histories which influence shore station wave data recovery are shown below for the Geotech FM tape recorder,Warep strip charts, INTERSEA RESEARCH CORPORATION -12- G/))-posed then ?BECO. y_and Characterization -Tjdal In Streany Energy Conversion DevicesLeojek!EPRI SurvReason Ymteez V en hs Anchus el-iel tos smalles€Table 3.|TISEC Device Char cterization Summary too small chedas SGERT Lunar MCT Open |Seapower SMD UEK VerdantHydroHydro Device GHT RTT 2000 SeaGen OCT Exim TTPP TidEL Underwater RITENameElectricKite Type %V-axis ¥H-axis H-axis Twin FT-axis A V-axis H-axis H-axis H-axis Helical Ducted Turbine Twin Open Savonius Twin Augmented UnductedTurbineTurbinecenterturbineTurbineTurbineTurbine f f f-riDevelop-Nin dia X 2.5m v,to1.5m Vv 11m dia ie (1/5%)Vian scale ¥1/108 scale ¥7 VV Testedmenthightestin|dia (1/20%)|300kW tested]scale testing}test in Sep tested prototypes Pakistan Status Merrimack |scale testin |at sea (note 1)at sea 2003 up to 10m 1989,Md River in Sep|water tank since May in dia -see and NY in 2004.For 2003 15kW Appendix 2002-2003othersscetestedin1994-H (note 2) Appendi 5\ppendis J.>.pf.f+Next Y Develop Ww Deploy 1 v Deploy VDeploy 1.5 Wirullscale v Fullscale Wi MW -VW Witot 6-UnitDevelop-shaft MW unitin |1.2MWunit |MW unitin |pilot plant prototype 25 unit Integrated ment Ste mounted 2006 at in 2006 2006 to be to be project in System in the| gen unit EMEC -commis-deployed at DE -in East River optimized plan 2MW stoned in EMEC in permitting NY for GHT com]unit 2005 2006 NX Power Direct drive \Friis aeaulc PlanetaryCO |Direct rim Gearbox Gearbox Planetary Speed Train permanent based on TS Gearbox drive drive -Increaser Type magnet gen modified generator proprietary connect to COTS COTSGHTchatJpump- Founda-Suspension Gravity Monopile Gravity base}Anchors &|Anchorsand |Via cable Monopile tion/or attached ta Base embedded in |or monopile|Chains4-chains (note 3) sea floor sea bed fold ra FY f-f.VvRotor1mdiax 19.5m (3.9 |"2 rotors 16m v 15m 1m dia X 3 v 8m blades Vr win 10ft Vv 5mSize2.5m length m hub dia m high on 2.5m dia diameter)hubs. i.r"} Rated 7 v 2,000 v 1,200 v 1,520 14 Vv 1,000 v 400 34 Power (kW)J.J Z 2Ratedpt2.58 Vv 3.1 m/s 3 m/s with i 2.57 m/s ¥3 m/s LX 2.3 m/s v 3m/s x 21 m/s Speed MMSS of 3.5 Area (m?)*35 |Yooe (cross Y 402 V 338 (Ag Vo537 |®1450 [%19.6 in section of P=0.5pAV3 25tm dia equation duct f.f- ;:1 Vv ves 1 Vv JvCom'!Yes,turbine |Not Com]Not Com Not Com'l Yes,but Not Com'!Yes Yes Price only.yet yet yet excluding site yet specific costs, grid. Loo ks |Yes No-No bgeddeytlmoney) ad veh >fom!12 LHS]LISbow EPRI Survey and Characterization -Tidal In Stream Energy Conversion Devices Ci fel (1)SeaFlow,a 300kW prototype single rotor experimental unit was installed on May 31,2003;3.3 km NE of Lynmouth,Devon,UK.The mean maximum current at the site was approximately 2.5 m/s with a tidal range of 9.8 meters.The unit is not grid connected but uses a fan cooled resistance heating dump load capable of absorbing full rated power.Rotor efficiency is in the range of 40- 50%based on swept area (carbon/glass epoxy laminate rotor diameter of 11m)and with free stream velocity at the hub height.A moored axial flow system rated at 15kW was tested at sea during 1994-5 by MCT's parent company,IT Power Ltd and Seaflow developed from this. (2)Tooling and 80%of the parts for a twenty two foot diameter twin turbine currently warehoused by UEK and available for completion and demonstration testing. (3)(100,000 Ib max thrust)anchored to the bottom with preset depth -3%buoyant References 1.EPRI TP-001-NA Guidelines for Performance Estimation of Tidal In Stream Energy Conversion (TISEC)Devices 2.EPRI TP-002-NA Cost and Economic Assessment Methodology for Tidal In Stream Energy Conversion (TISEC)Device Power Plants 3.Harvesting Ocean Energy,edited by Gerald L.Wick and Walter R.Schmitt,Unesco Press,1981 ISBN 92-3-101873-6 4.Craig,James "Survey of Energy Resources -Tidal Energy”AEA World Energy Council,2003 http://www.worldenergy.org/wecgeis/publications/reports/ser/marine/marine.asp 5..Cycloidal Tidal Power Generation,QinetiQ Ltd,2004 6.Personal Communications -Nick Wells,Open Hydro 7.Personal Communications -Ed Kurth,GCK 8.Personal Communications -Donald Stewart,Rotech and Simon Meade,Lunar Power 9.Personal Communications -Peter Fraenkel,Marine Current Turbines 10.Personal Communications -Inge Petterson,Sea Power International AB 11.Personal Communications -Ralph Manchester,SMD Hydrovision 12.Personal Communications -Philippe Vauthier,VEK 13 PZ OOm_=_SnEGY lov.AK.Legkshe.hap -one-Denar KregTe 0 K..ieee -sn_BC ke weltbyraeConMarine WT RR Zest of power. loses -slonup veqiel fer ind fealhy SiigssA _ beeaSydComgy pry)- trad=_predveteble ,.ack.end)peo MK is ew rok iy beeof Lsionabeaetl rbmnoeSecu4VEasonys.(50 7 PW Wh...-|on rctres fea a Y#- DI OF -inaCeathotans.va 730K-a shenWane__Sener devices .pesrg.-twageae-C20kWw-Io .10 CalEs wlee. HeV..cryrehroncer |Powe fot EPRI North America Tidal Project Team and Advisor Contacts Page 1 of 1 David Lockard From:Bedard,Roger [RBedard@epri.com] Sent:Thursday,April 21,2005 2:03 PM To:Casavant,Andre;Dalton,Stu;Hagerman,George;Kotowski,John;Mayhew,Michael;Petrill,Ellen; Previsic,Mirko;Robinson,Mike;Siddiqui,Omar;Stallings,Jeff;Aalfs,Mark;Ashfield,Kelly;Atwell, Jim;Biemann,Betsy ;Blumenfeld,Jared;Breger,Dwayne;Calvert,Stan;Carlin,Greg;Coutant, Chuck;Crandlemire,Alan;Peter Crimp;Curtis,Darwin;Custer,Cindy;Docter,David;Elder,Betsy; Fate,Chris;Fey,Jake;Fiedler,Paul;Gangmark,Carolyn;Garratt,Roger;Gilbert,Steve;Goldman, Peter;Hawkins,John;Hiester,Thomas R ;Hoffman,Mike;Judd,Bob;Kennedy,Blair;Koch,Jose; Levcun,Greg A CIV;David Lockard;Mccarron,David;McGowan,Jon McGowan;Nagusky,Beth; O'Donnell,Peter;Oliver,Terry;O'Sullivan,Kevin;Peden,Bill;Pratt,Rob;Quinn,Heather;Reuter, Robert;Richards,Bill;Richards,William;Robinson,Chris;Rosinski,Stan;Ruark,Sam;Ruebling, Ed;Sjoding,David;Bernie Smith;Stead,Don;Sydney,Rob;Thresher,Robert;Usibelli,Tony; Watson,Greg;Wentworth,Scott;Wessel,Henrick;Witmer,Dennis;Yancey-Wrona,Janet;Yee, Dixon;Yould,Eric Subject:EPRI North America Tidal Project Team and Advisor Contacts Dear Project Team and Project Advisors |would like to thank the kickoff meeting project team presenters and the advisory group people for their participation yesterday.Please feel free to jump in whenever you choose;unsolicited advice is welcome.We will accommodate the two recommendations which we received yesterday: 1.The economic assessment methodology to be distributed to the project advisors at the end of May will contain alternatives for individual states/provinces to specify exactly which generation alternatives that they would like to see comparisons to the commercial-scale tidal current plant to be designed for their area. 2.The EPRI team,particularly George Hagerman who is leading the Task 1 Site Identification and characterization work,will coordinate with each of the state/province lead advisors (NB,NS,ME and MA)fordefiningthefurthestpointupatidalriverthatwillbeinvestigatedforapotentialtidalcurrentpowerplant. In order to stimulate discussion between the project team and the project advisors and the project advisors for one state/province to project advisors in another state/province,|have attached a contact list of all project team,lead advisor and other advisory members.This is a living list and |will keep it updated. |request that you read the short (2 to 3 page)monthly status reports religiously and use them to keep track of the project,your action items and for identifying any areas for which you might want more detailed information.Final reports will eventually be posted on the EPRI public website once approved by the advisors. Roger Bedard 650-855-2131 4/22/2005 a, Errel Offshore Wave Power Feasibility Demonstration Project -Phase 1.5 Ce _ MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT February 28,2005 OFFSHORE WAVE POWER FEASIBILITY DEMONSTRATION Phase 1.5 -Bridging the Gap Between the Phase 1 Feasibility Definition Study and the Phase 2 -4 Implementation Project Project Objective Our primary goal is to develop a national-scale government/industry public/private collaborative program to assess and demonstrate the feasibility of wave power to provide efficient,reliable,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly electrical energy.Our secondary goal is to initiate momentum towards the development of a sustainable commercial market for this technology in the U.S.and thus provide economic benefits and job creation. Introduction This is the 2nd monthly progress report for the EPRI offshore wave power feasibility demonstration project -Phase 1.5,and is being sent to four distribution lists;(1)the Advisory Committee,(2)the Project Team,3)Wave energy conversion system developers and devices manufacturers responding to our request for test and demonstration project information and 4) other interested parties.If anyone on distribution desires to be dropped from the list,or anyone requests additional people to be added,please let me know by responding to this email or sending me a separate email at rbedard@epri.com Status as of February 28,2005 1.Project development activities are ongoing and will continue until we have reached a minimum funding level of $60K.To date,we have one signed agreement with Central Lincoln PUD for $20K.In March,we expect to sign agreements with the DOE for $10K and Bonneville Power Agency for $5K.The City of San Francisco has expressed an interest in implementing an offshore wave energy pilot plant at Ocean Beach and we hope to sign an agreement with them in the near future to help them move the project into the Phase 2 Detailed Design and Permitting Phase 2.We have received information from Energetech on the status and plans of its two ongoing wave energy test and demonstration projects in Point Judith,Rhode Island and Port Kembla,Australia,from AquaEnergy on the Makah Bay,Washington project,from Wave Dragon and from Teamworks on the Wave Swing demonstration projects.We expect to receive information from Ocean Power Delivery on the Orkney Scotland test program and from Ocean Power Technology on the Kaneohe Bay,Hawaii test project.A summary table of a few high level parameters of these seven test projects in chronological order by date of first system initial operational capability (OC)date are as follows Wave Energy -An Energy Resource Too Important to Overlook 1 ' oa y {peteted:ere >era SOLUTIONSEflelortshoreWavePowerFeasibilityDemonstrationProject-Phase 1.5 oe Work Planned for March 2004 wu? 1.Present the 2004 Wave Energy Project results at PowerGen-Renewable in Las Vegas on March 3,2005. 2.Complete and distribute the 1 Wave Energy Demonstration Project Status Summary Table/Report. 3.Working with the Oregon Department of Energy,begin to develop a work plan and task list for meeting the aligned Oregon goal. 4.Liaise with each of the wave energy conversion device manufacturers to receive and understand their responses to the January 2005 request for project information. Work Planned for April 2004 5.Working with the Oregon Dept of Energy,complete a work plan and task list for meeting the aligned Oregon goal 6.Complete a communications package and messaging kit for Oregon Electricity Stakeholders to assist in getting our story out to participating organizations as well as the public at large. Work Planned for May 2004 7.Atthe invitation of the President of the Board of Directors of Central Lincoln PUD,EPRI and OSU will present the proposed project at the Florence City Club on May 20,2005. Work Planned for October 2004 8.At the invitation of the General Manager of Central Lincoln PUD,EPRI will present the proposed project to the Central Lincoln Board of Directors. Wave Energy -An Energy Resource Too Important to Overlook 3 ' a [Deleted:Me ie ae [peteted:Terre!_--erw aSOLUTIONSEPleloffshoreWavePowerFeasibilityDemonstrationProject-Phase ].5 -"™ia Device/Project Wave Energetech : ; Name Wave Dragon Pelamis Swing Owc:PowerBuoy AquaBuOY Hh Se Oa kee de Ocean 3 eee ep Se Bele |.Ocean Power bes oe foDeviceDeveloper/|.Wave Dragon.))..Power TeamWork |Energetech'|Technology,||AquaEnergy |.Energetech _Country Norway Delivery,UK |Netherland Australia "8 Nd |Washington Australia EMEC z :Ee : Orkney Lexious,Port Kembla,|Kaneohe Bay,|.Makah Bay,Test Site Norway Scotland Portugal Australia HI!WA Se ee es Energetech Tole)AQUaEnergyDateInitialOpCap|=ote oe "estimates |Roger Bedard):estimates(JOC)Se Jun-03 Aug-04 3}Oct-04:/05 =projects 6/05 6/06. Resource Avg 36 kW/m (1)about Expect similar Annual Power Flux North Atlantic 35kW/m 7.6 kWim 28kW/m to Port Kembla Single 1:4.5 Scale Single Wave Four Device Wave Dragon Pelamis Swing Single OWC Single Buoy AquaBuOYs Single OWC 9.5 dia by 9 3.5 dia by m max 40 by 35 by |Sdiaby15m 40 by 35 by 18DeviceSize120mlongstroke18mdepthm Max Power 20 kw 750 kw 2 MW 500 kW 50 kW 800 kw 500 kw Predicted Annual Energy Production at Busbar 500 MWh 500 MWh 43 m from low water Depth of Water >25m 50m level gm 30m 50m 9m Distance from Shore 6 km 400m ikm 3.2 miles 1,2 miles Four legs Floating and stab w Floating Four legs andFloatingslackslackBottommooringFloatingslackslackstabwmooringMooringmooredmooredSittercablesmooredmooredcables Dug a trough in the beach -on shore at Directional 2m below On top of existing utility drilling inCableLandingUndergroundsurfacejetty2poleCRMC Yes -Existing Yes. Connected to |Utility Pole at NarragansettYes-230/400 Yes-15kV,|Yes-11kV Marine base Makah Electric UtilityGridConnectionVAC/S0Hz Yes 4.8MVA cable load only Beach Pole Large Instalied on subscale Aug 2004 Deployeddeployedand|and achieved |and tested.Installed in tested.Full system Next June 2004 scale system operation 1 system is and in being day later.being component Project Status prepared Deployed.prepared In installation |shake down In Permitting In Permitting 3.EPRI and the Oregon Department of Energy cosponsored a meeting in Portland on February 2,2004 of Oregon Electricity Stakeholders with an interest in wave energy. The purpose of the meeting was twofold:1)to share information on Wave Energy Projects and 2)to discuss implementing an offshore wave energy pilot plant off the coast of Oregon.Alignment was reached with all participants on the goal -to implement a feasibility demonstration project off the coast of Oregon,and if funding permits,to define the scope of the facility to include research and development and environmental monitoring to be led by Oregon State University. Wave Energy -An Energy Resource Too Important to Overlook Proposal for tidal turbine testing at Port MacKenzie Brian Yanity,email:asbby@uaa.alaska.edu Tidal currents near Port MacKenzie are strong,around 3 m/s,and existing dock facilities and pilings can be used to test small tidal-electric turbine prototypes.A small vertical axis turbine or bi-directional horizontal axis turbine can be tested,as configured in the diagram below.For the first series of tests,ice-free conditions are necessary because the device will be mounted above the low tide water level.Any surface ice in this area can move at dangerous speeds,so the turbine will be removed before the ice season. Power Meter and Dock Structure 0 Data Logging Device High Tide Level Mid Tide Level DC GeneratorRing”Mountings Arourd Piling Water Current Yelocity Meter Turbine and Support frame low Tide Level Steel Piling pesok eRe mete tremeaNT!: iis asi sti iia abaaa As can be seen in the diagram,the top of the turbine frame should be below the mean,or mid, tide water level to take advantage of the strongest currents of the tidal cycle.The bidirectional water current velocity meter,mounted to the side of the turbine frame,will be connected to the data logging device along with the electric power meter.In addition,an electrical dump load should be connected to the DC generator,as the expected power output will be between 1 kW and 2 kW. Small tidal turbine suppliers: htto:/Avww.althydrosolutions.com htto:/Awww.acktechnology.com/GCK/pg2.html htto://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/throptonenergy/homepage.htm htto://www.lunareneray.co.uk Contact for Mat-Su Borough: Marc Van Dongen Port MacKenzie Port Director/Engineer mvandongen@matsugov.us www.portmackenzie.com Com--orlaize"2aMW-tifnleBetMo.al:Vryn-prok.2|&[0bowsnH-aL67ee ee Balydeo0."yaliede alomyLo_ConrtalfiloF=ewower-gpecds35DyesCOV VOFTOWKbeCasarteedl exch) .to . =7 :aoe .: 3 4 . + ° .-