Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutFeasibility Study Copper Valley Intertie SOA, DCRA, Div of Energy Vol 2 Environmental Report & Initial Public Comment Electric System Analysis April 1994Feasibility Study Copper Valley Intertie State of Alaska,Department of Community and Regional Affairs, Division of Energy Volume 2 Environmental Report and Initial Public Comment Electric System Analysis _April 1994 IUBECK in association with Dames &Moore,Inc. Power Technologies,Inc. Feasibility Study Copper Valley Intertie State of Alaska,Department of Community and Regional Affairs, Division of Energy Volume 2 Environmental Report - and Initial Public Comment Electric System Analysis April 1994 IUBECK in association with _Dames &Moore,Inc. Power Technologies,Inc. Copper Valley Intertie Feasibility Study (PROVIDED ASA SEPARATE BOUND DOCUMENT.)VOLUME 1 Section I Executive Summary Section II Introduction Section I Route Selection Section IV Feasibility Design -Transmission Line Section V Feasibility Design -Substations Section VI Project Cost Estimates Section VII Project Schedule Section VII Electric Load Forecast Section IX Power Supply Evaluation Section X Evaluation of Alternative Power Supply Plansand Economic Analysis Appendix A Route Selection Evaluation Documentation Appendix B Preliminary Design Documentation Appendix C Sample Cost Estimating Sheets Appendix D Selected Material Cost Quotes Appendix E Technical Review Meeting Summary Appendix F Miscellaneous Documents Appendix G Diesel Generator Emissions Limitations | Appendix H Review of Valdez and Glennallen Coal-Fired Generation Plants Appendix I Conservation Analysis Appendix J Resource Model Outputs Appendix K Petro Star Valdez Refinery -Expansion Assessment Appendix L Economic Analysis Methodology Issues VOLUME 2 Appendix M Supplement to Environmental Review Appendix N Environmental Review By Dames &Moore,Inc.and Initial Public Comment Appendix O Electric System Analysis By Power Technologies,Inc. (PROVIDED AS A SEPARATE BOUND DOCUMENT.)VOLUME 3 Appendix P Transcripts of Public Testimony Appendix Q Public Comment on Draft Report Copyright 1994,R.W.Beck All Rights Reserved. s COPPER VALLEY Ne INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY -5 pS oe i :>t r J 'Au, 3 coe we as oa ByAppendixM -SUPPLEMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 1.0 2.0 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE . SUPPLEMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW TABLE OF CONTENTS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES VALUATION METHODS 1.1 1.2 Direct Approach to Assessing Nonmarketed Environmental Resources 1.1.1 Contingent Valuation Method 1.1.2 Discussion of Department of the Interior Experience 1.1.3.Existence Values Indirect Approach to Assessing Nonmarketed Environmental Resources 1.2.1 Travel Cost Method 1.2.2 Household Production Model 1.2.3.Hedonic Price Method REGULATORY COMPLIANCE 2.1 2.2 2.3 Federal Statutes and Regulations 2.1.1 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)and Implementing Regulations 2.1.2 Clean Air Act and Regulations Regarding Siting and Operation of Fossil-fuel Generation for Diesel and Natural Gas Alternatives 2.1.3 Clean Water Act and Regulations Implementing Section 4042.1.4 Endangered Species Act2.1.5 Federal Land Policy Management Act and Bureau of Land Management Implementing Regulations and Guidance Regarding Rights-of-Way 2.1.6 Federal Power Act and Regulations Implementing Parts I and II -Allison Lake Alternative and Qualifying Facilities -Coal-fired and Cogeneration Alternatives 2.1.7 Other Federal Permits and Approvals State Statutes and Regulations 2.2.1 Alaska Department of Fish and Game 2.2.2 Alaska Department of Natural Resources,State Historic Preservation 2.2.3 Other State ApprovalsRegionalandLocalPlans,Ordinances and Other Regulatory Requirements Supplement to Environmental Review i . April 21,1994 3.0 COMPARISON OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH RESOURCE ALTERNATIVES 3.1 -d ertie and Natural Gas-fired Combustion Turbines Community Preferences Impact on Community Infrastructure Timing in Relation to Other Capital Projects Air Quality Water Quality Fish and Wildlife Land Use and Ownership Status Terrestrial Resources Recreation Resource Values 0 Visual/Aesthetics |Generation Air Quality .2.2 Water Quality 3.3.Allison Lake and Diesel Generation 3.3.1 Air Quality . 3.3.2 Water Quality 3.3.3 Fish and Wildlife 3.3.4 Land Use and Ownership Status 3.3.5 Terrestrial 3.3.6 Recreation Resource Value 3.3.7.Visual/Aesthetics 3.4 Coal GenerationosnWWWWoWoWHGDWWGDOReR -OOoN”MNPWNies3.2 NIdO=©WWND3.4.1 Air Quality 3.4.2 Water Quality 3.4.3.Land Use REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Supplement to Environmental Review ii April 21,1994 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE SUPPLEMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW As part of the feasibility evaluation for the Copper Valley Intertie,the Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs (DCRA)contracted with R.W.Beck,Inc.and Dames & Moore to perform a feasibility study.Reports were prepared and public meetings were held. During the public meetings,a number of entities raised issues regarding the social and environmental impacts and costs related to cultural,tourism,recreation,quality of life,and "wilderness-related"resources that may be affected if the Intertie is constructed. The primary purpose of this Supplement to Environmental Review is to identify and describe methods that may be used at a later date to determine the value of these environmental and socioeconomic resources impacts.R.W.Beck reviewed existing reports,documentation of the public meetings,and comments received on the draft Feasibility Study and prepared this supplement.The supplement discusses environmental resources valuation methods,regulatory issues and necessary compliance that could be expected if the Copper Valley Intertie is built,and provides a comparison of potential impacts associated with the Intertie and other resource alternatives considered in the Feasibility Study.A comparative matrix of potential impacts for the various resource alternatives is shown on page 18 of this supplemental report. 1.0 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES VALUATION METHODS Nonmarket values of environmental resources can be determined using various direct and indirect methods.Methods for evaluating environmental effects associated with proposed project development against the value of the existing environment were initially proposed in the late 1950s.Applications of these methods came into greater use following enactment of NEPA in 1970.Executive Order 12291 issued by President Reagan in 1981 requires the federal government to prepare benefit-cost analyses of major regulations.Courts are requiring valuation information for assessing natural resource damages.State public utility commissions consider this information in establishing environmental cost elements of proposed rates for utility services. Models are employed to estimate damage from pollution and environmental costs resulting from development,and are often employed in trade negotiations.A review of a variety of literature identified direct and indirect methods and presented applications.The most consistent theme encountered in the literature is the need for adequate,comprehensive,and current data in order to assess the varying levels of public acceptance of proposed development. Supplement to Environmental Review 1 April 21,1994 1.1.Direct Approach to Assessing Nonmarketed Environmental Resources Direct approach models identify and quantify public reactions to hypothetical changes.A comprehensive baseline estimate of environmental effects due to normal occurrences (no action alternative)is essential to measure various levels of expected effects due to proposed development.Several direct approach models are discussed below. 1.1.1 Contingent Valuation Method The two concepts most widely employed in assessing potential reactions to development proposals are the willingness to pay (WTP)for an environmental benefit,and the willingness to accept (WTA),representing compensation for a loss of environmental quality.According to the literature reviewed as part of this study,the fastest growing . nonmarket valuation technique is the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM),also referred to as the Bidding Method.CVM uses the WTP/WTA concept to elicit how people would respond to hypothetical changes in some environmental resources.In the absence of actual market data,CVM seeks to discover how people would value certain environmental changes by directly questioning a sample of the affected population.CVM is applicable either as the singular method of investigation or in combination with other valuation techniques. Hypothetical scenarios are developed and in the initial phase,participants are asked for their response to the proposed hypothetical change.These initial responses are then correlated with responses to a later question that poses the question in a direct relationship to a choice that can be made (similar to the hypothetical example). Respondents are asked to indicate their value for a public good,usually by specifying the maximum amount they would be willing to pay to obtain or retain it.Information is gathered through surveys involving direct valuation questions;discrete take-it-or-leave-it questions;and matching,ranking,quantity,bidding,or double-bounded formulations (Bergstrom and Stoll 1993).The total value of a good or service is estimated by multiplying the average willingness to pay by the number of households in the relevant population. A number of techniques are available,including an approach adopted by the U.S. Department of Interior,discussed below and used by the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service since 1975 as part of its National Survey of Fishing,Hunting,and Wildlife Associated Recreation.All CVM techniques employ instruments designed to elicit individuals' .preference for specific environmental conditions and the monetary value placed on retention.Studies have employed more sophisticated techniques that attempt to eliminate biases by simulating real market behavior by assigning fixed budgets and requesting participants to trade off one choice against another. Supplement to Environmental Review 2 April 21,1994 The most common application employs questionnaire surveys using a sample of the population representing all perspectives.A check on participants'total and disposable income and education is recommended to rule out clearly unrealistic statements and improve the accuracy of the process.The standard CVM survey involves: °Description of a simulated or hypothetical market to the respondent.For example,the respondent is asked to assume that payment into a special trust fund is the only way society can finance protection and management of the particular area or species of concern..- °_The respondent is requested to use this market to indicate his or her maximum willingness to pay for protection of the area or species rather than do without it, assuming this is the only way it can be financed. °The specific wording of the question is often pretested to make the question as nonthreatening and believable as possible.Internal checks within the questionnaire (called protect checks)are made to see if bids reflect true values, 'or are simply a reaction against some aspect of the hypothetical market. Results from the survey are employed to represent total valuation likely to be placed by the whole population.The aim of the exercise is to discover individuals'rate of substitution between environmental quality and hard cash. 1.1.1.1 Case Studies Case studies demonstrating empirical valuation of benefits have been performed for grizzly bears,bighorn sheep,whooping cranes,and other endangered species, wilderness areas,wild and scenic rivers,water quality,and air quality using the CVM method (Loomis and Walsh 1986).: Protection of water quality was the first resource for which empirical estimates of option,existence,and recreational values were estimated using CVM (Walsh et al.1978).In this study,annual values (based on 1978 dollars)were established of $56 per household for recreation use,$22 per household for option value,$25 per nonuser,and $34 per user household for existence value,which is defined as clean water as a basic requirement for natural habitat for plants,fish,and wildlife,assuming that the respondent would not actually use the river for water-based recreation,and $17 per nonuser household and $33 per user household as bequest value.In 1983,a similar study performed by Desvouges et al.calculated annual existence values of improved water quality from $42 for nonusers and $66 for users.CVM is used in litigation over liability and damages under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). Supplement to Environinental Review 3 April 21,1994 A recent highly publicized evaluation use of CVM was in litigation regarding natural resource damages due to the Exxon Valdez oil spill.The WTP method has also been used to evaluate timber harvest against wilderness preservation, avoiding migratory bird kills,and preventing damage from small versus "all"oil spills. A study of wildlife viewing values for Wyoming bighorn sheep and grizzly bears based on data collected in 1978 and published in 1983 estimated the expected recreational benefits and existence values at $21 and $23 per respondent at an annual basis,respectively.The existence values per survey respondent on an annual basis averaged $24 for grizzly bears and $7 for bighorn sheep (Brookshire 1983).In 1984,a CVM survey of the value of endangered whooping cranes, including visitors to the Arkansas National Wildlife Refuge in Texas and a companion direct mail survey to selected residents of several locations in Texas and the metropolitan centers of Atlanta,Chicago,Los Angeles,and New York, resulted in an average annual household option price of $17 for visitors,$10 for Texas residents,and an average of $13 for the sampled cities.Existence values averaged $9 on an annual basis for visitors and a little over $1 for others.The aggregated estimate for the United States for option and existence values for the cranes was $573 million annually (Stoll and Johnson 1984). The CVM method has also been used to assess society's willingness to pay for preservation of threatened,endangered,or rare species and related habitat. Information regarding the species and habitat of concern,including an animal's characteristics and endangered status are required.Preservation bids tend to be low where the population size is assumed to be adequate to assure continuedexistenceorifextinctionisconsideredinevitable.Physical attractiveness of the species has been found to be influential in studies performed (Samples,Dixon and Gowen 1986). A 1985 study surveying average households'willingness to pay to protect threatened and endangered species estimated that $58 (1985 dollars)in higher taxes and prices would be acceptable to improve management programs to facilitate removal of all listed and candidate fish and wildlife species from the Threatened and Endangered Species Lists in the United States.The breakdown was 29 percent for recreation,20 percent for option values,23 percent for existence values,and 28 percent for bequest values (Walsh et al.1985). Supplement to Environmental Review 4 April 21,1994 1.1.1.2 Shortcomings/Limitations of CVM The underlying weakness of CVM is that it does not use observations of actual market behavior and does not require consumers to back up choices with cash. WTP is often several times lower than the WTA amount;WTP requires valuing a benefit while WTA relates to imposition of a cost. In addition,the assessed value of a public good is demonstrably arbitrary in that willingness to pay can vary over a wide range depending on whether the good is assessed on its own or embedded as part of a more inclusive package.WTP estimates can be larger when payment is extended over several years as opposed to a one-time outlay.Where a range of options are presented,WTP can vary depending on whether the item appears first or third in the list,as was determined in a 1983 survey of opinions regarding improved visibility in the Grand Canyon performed by Tolley and Randall for the USEPA. 1.1.2 Discussion of Department of the Interior Experience The U.S.Department of the Interior promulgated regulations in 1986 to guide federal agencies,states,and Indian tribes acting as trustees of natural resources in calculating damage that remains following Superfund cleanups based on the CVM method.Interior's regulations were largely upheld by a federal appeals court in 1989.Interior proposed a new draft regulation to meet the court's objections and issued them for comment. Several commenters stated that there was new information about the reliability of CVM that Interior should consider.Interior decided to ask for another round of comments and on March 14,1994,issued a notice requesting additional comments by September 7,1994,on several items: e Whether standards should be set up for the working of poll questions. e Whether focus groups should be used to test the questionnaire. e Whether questions should be open-ended (e.g."How much would you pay?")or closed-ended (e.g."Would you pay X dollars to-...?"). °Whether polling should be done by mail,telephone,or in person. °Whether results should be tested for consistency with standard economic theory (e.g.that choices do not change abruptly with small changes in price). Supplement to Environmental Review 5 April 21,1994 °Whether trustees should be asked to document whether they were dealing with long-lived damage to resources with few substitutes.(If there are many substitutes,such as undamaged habitat of the same type as that contaminated, eventual damage should be less.) 1.1.3 Existence Values Existence,or nonuse,values refer to the corresponding welfare change given a change in a public good that does not alter purchasing behavior.Such values require weak separability of nonmarket goods from market goods,and serve as a catch-all for values that are nonconsumptive or indirect.Pure existence value is dependent on subjective representationof individuals'choice contexts. John Krutilla first identified the possibility of existence values in 1967 and developed an argument in terms of decisions that might irretrievably alter a unique natural _environment.Krutilla proposed that it was important to consider the assets of natural resources to one's personal sense of well-being by describing services provided.Services ranged from on-site enjoyment to just knowing that "it"is there.Values are set based on elements of the natural environment and are not confined to people who never use a resource. 1.2 Indirect Approach to Assessing Nonmarketed Environmental Resources Most indirect approaches are based on the revealed preference approach,which is similar to thecustomerrecreationdemandeconomictheory.Examples of this approach include therecreation demand model,the household production function model,and the hedonic property value application. The revealed preference approach relies on the concept that an individual's choice among alternatives,given their prices,conveys information.Employing this approach to nonmarketed environmental resources requires detailed assumptions so that demands can be estimated and predictions developed. The basis of this approach is to focus on the marginal rate of substitution (MRS)between the nonmarketed environmental service and some number as an economic measure of the individual's real value for the last unit consumed. The literature demonstrates that experience with indirect methods confirms their use in determining nonmarket values,even though they are made outside of direct markets for commodities being valued (Smith 1993).In the case of recreation sites and the travel cost recreation demand framework,the record is reasonably good.With hedonic models (see below), the empirical record is very limited. Supplement to Environmental Review 6 April 21,1994 Several indirect approaches to assessing nonmarketed environmental resources are discussed below. 1.2.1 Travel Cost Method The Travel Cost Recreation Demand Model (TCM)is the most straightforward of the indirect methods.This method was initially proposed in 1947 by Harold Hotelling, revised by Clawson and Knetsch in 1966,and is often touted as one of the "success stories"of nonmarket valuation.Consumer surplus for outdoor recreation has traditionally been estimated using TCM,a model which recognizes that visitors to a recreation site pay an implicit price for their experience equal to the cost of travel, including the opportunity cost of their time.The Clawson-Knetsch model is referred to as the Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM);an alternative developed by Willis and Garrod is referred to as the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM).Both of these models are discussed below. The TCM method has been applied mainly to public recreation sites with free or minimal admission charges,where it is argued that the cost of travel is analogous to an entry fee. Visitation rate is related to the cost of travel.It has been used widely in the United States and the United Kingdom to measure the value of public recreation locations and has also been applied to wildlife viewing sites. 1.2.1.1 Variations of the Travel Cost Method Zonal Travel Cost Method The Zonal Travel Cost Method works well where sites are subject to substantial use as the method assesses the travelers willingness to pay and where data of some kind on total annual visitor numbers is available. Data requirements are met by performing surveys of the number of visitors to the site,their place of origin for the journey,and basic socioeconomic features,including income,education,etc.The surveys can be designed to classify visitors into constituent elements,including wildlife viewing,hunting,fishing,wildlands experience,hiking,climbing, off-road vehicle recreation,subsistence use,and cultural activities.Visits are often multipurpose and clusters of related activities may be appropriate.The duration of their journey and direct travel expenses need to be computed and a value placed on their time.The total population in each travel zone is estimated. Supplement to Environmental Review 7 .April 21,1994 The technique is straightforward and in its simplest form begins by dividing the area surrounding the site into concentric circles and thence into zones.The areas of concern are identified and benefits are estimated by deriving a demand (marginal valuation)curve for the various areas of concern.In order to build up a marginal value schedule,the number of trips that take place at a range of prices must be observed.Visitors are sampled to determine where they began their travels and where they are going within the area.Visitation rates are calculated for each zone.The price to visit a specific area is comprised of the visitors'travel cost andthevalueofwhatvisitorsforgobyusingtheirtimetoundertakethetripinquestionratherthanusingitsomeotherway. Sampling would occur throughout the recreational season with surveys covering week and weekend days in proportion to known patterns of visitor behavior.This pattern would be established by interviewing outfitters,local Chambers of Commerce or Visitors Bureaus,and tourism businesses.Two interviewers would be used in each specified area of concern covering two visitor points within each area.Surveys are compiled and a statistical regression is carried out for each zone relating visitation rates to travel cost.Other socioeconomic variables may also be introduced,such as income.Data on income and socioeconomic characteristics can be derived from surveys of visitors and,if appropriate, from the most recent population census for the area of origin of the Visitors. A demand curve is estimated from a regression equation relating trips per person from each zone to the travel cost from that zone.Consumer surplus per person for each zone is derived and a total consumer surplusestimated. The model is developed to address differences in preferences or incomes across zones,variations in travel times,differences in the availability of substitute areas to visit,and changes in environmental quality at different areas.The survey should include reasonable substitute areas to visit in order to assess whether adequate substitute sites are available for the activities that attracted visitors to the study areas. This method is fully described in The Benefits of Environmental Improvement:Theory and Practice,written by A.Myrick Freeman III in 1979. Supplement to Environmental Review &April 21,1994 1.2.1.2 Individual Travel Cost Method Willis and Garrod (1991)developed an alternative to the Clawson-Knetsch model for instances where the number of observations is small in relation to areas and population and where individuals do not simply wish to purchase recreation,but desire combinations of views,wildlife,streams, and other site attributes.The Willis and Garrod model samples individuals across many sites in order to permit variability in attributes and is referred to as the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM).ITCM resulted in significantly lower estimates than ZTCM.ITCM would appear to require a more labor-intensive survey and has not been widely reported in the literature. .Limitations of TCM General limitations of TCM methods and models include the following: Formal assumptions are made about individuals'behavior in order to construct the demand curve:all users get the same total benefit from the visit and use of the site;and people in all distance zones would make the same number of visits at a given monetary cost. The method requires a great deal of data. The shadow value of a recreational traveler's time is a difficult concept. Using salary as a basis is problematic,particularly where the trip takes place in leisure hours or involves people not active in the labor market (i.e.elderly,.children,and unemployed).Studies vary regarding the value of time taken outside of working hours,and a range of one-fourth to one- half the wage rate is used in one of the studies assessed (Freeman 1979). Some trips are multi-purpose. Travel may be part of the pleasure of the visit. Benefits rely on consumer surplus thereby ruling out direct comparability with valuation techniques that do not,for example the Contingent Valuation Method.TCM generally provides an estimate of the upper limit of indications of willingness to pay.However,TCM does provide minimum estimates in the sense that it omits option and existence values, _as well as benefits enjoyed by people who value the site for wildlife,cleanair,but who do not visit the area. Supplement to Environmental Review 9 . April 21,1994 °The main virtue of TCM is that it rests on observed behavior of people. It does not,however,provide valid information regarding projected changes in site conditions as its purpose is to measure the enjoyment of the existing site conditions. 1.2.2 Household Production Function Model A second class of indirect valuation methods attempts to infer an individual's value for some aspect of environmental quality where that individual's actions can influence how it is experienced.This method is called the Household Production Function (HPF) Model.The HPF framework uses people's actions to isolate features of their values. Choices involve reallocating expenditures on market commodities or time to adjust to a change in the amount of some nonmarketed resource.The HPF framework offers a rationale for imposing restrictions on preferences so observable decisions can provide the necessary valuation information. Physical damage functions are the most common application of HPF.The HPF model can also be used to analyze changes in behavior to mitigate damage,such as purchasing a filter to remove water pollutants.The model can also help evaluate expenditures for a commodity that is assumed to be a perfect substitute for the services of an environmental resource. 1.2.3 Hedonic Price Method The Hedonic Price Method (HPM)can be used to value certain types of environmental assets by linking wages or house prices to environmental attributes.HPM provides information regarding the marginal rate of substitution and describes howa set of prices for each commodity defines the equilibrium.Given a large number of different commodities,equilibrium is characterized by a price function that describes how prices change with the characteristics of the commodities.The model requires an extensive database regarding site-specific characteristics.Market participants must also be aware of the site connection and share a common basis for recognizing it if these characteristics are to influence the price. This method works well where there are enough residents located near the area of concern and enough cases of house sales to provide a base.This is not the situation posed by the proposed Intertie and therefore the HPM method is not appropriate for the lands that would be affected by the Intertie. Supplement to Environmental Review 10 April 21,1994 2.0 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE This section presents an overview of the laws,statutes,regulations,and other project approvals that will be required in the future if the Copper Valley Intertie investigations proceed. 2.1 +-Federal Statutes and Regulations The following discussion of permit requirements is not considered exhaustive.Further investigation of required permits is recommended so that all permitting can be coordinated. 2.1.1 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)and Implementing Regulations The proposed Copper Valley Intertie would occupy lands of the United States managed by the U.S.Bureau of Land Management (BLM)and stream and wetland crossings would require review under the Clean Water Act,Section 404,by the U.S.Corps of Engineers.The proposed project will be reviewed under NEPA to determine the extent of environmental review required.The BLM and the Corps would be expected to serve as lead agencies.Other agencies may elect to be cooperating agencies. NEPA requires in Section 102(C)that all agencies of the federal government "include in every recommendation or report on proposals for legislation and other major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment,a detailed statement by the responsible official on (i)the environmental impact of the proposed action,(ii)any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented,(iii)alternatives to the proposed action,(iv)the relationship between local, short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity,and (v)any irreversible and irretrievable commitment of resources which would be involved if the proposed action should be implemented. Six specific objectives are listed in NEPA:(1)responsibility to future generations;(2) provision of a quality environment for all Americans;(3)prevention of undesirable impacts;(4)preservation of national heritage;(5)achievement of a population-resource balance;and (6)enhancement of renewable resources and recycling of nonrenewable ones. The scoping and environmental impact statement processes are two important aspects of the NEPA process.These are discussed briefly below. 2.1.1.1 Scoping Scoping is the initial stage of formal review under NEPA.The following activities occur under scoping: Supplement to Environmental Review Il April 21,1994 Determination of Lead Agency -Federal agencies who will be involvedinprojectapprovals(probably Bureau of Land Management [BLM],who will issue rights-of-way across Federal lands and the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,who will review project activities under the Clean Water Act Section 404 regarding activities in the vicinity of wetlands and waterways)determine who will be lead agency and identify cooperating agencies.Cooperating agencies may include the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service,who will identify any Threatened or Endangered Species and conduct consultation under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act if any adverse effects are identified.The National Park Service,the BLM Archaeologist,Native American Entities,and the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO)will review the proposed project for any potential effects on properties or resources protected under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and related statutes.Other Federal requirements may also be identified.The lead agencies establish a work plan and schedule for reviewing the proposed project under NEPA and other relevant statutes. Scoping Document 1 -A document presenting the proposed action (project)and its alternatives and identifying issues of concern is prepared and provided by the lead agency or agencies to the public for review and comment.In the document,the public and agencies are noticed that public meetings will be held.Usually,two meetings are held in each primary location:one in the afternoon and one in the evening. Scoping Meetings -Scoping meetings and,if requested,a site visit are held usually within two weeks to one month of issuance of Scop'ag Document 1.Agencies conduct and determine the locations of these meetings.Project applicants may request an opportunity to present their project at the meetings.A 30-day period within which to provide comments on Scoping Document |and any other issues of interest follows these meetings.Comments may include requests for additional studies. Scoping Document 2 -A second document is prepared following after comments noted in item 3 above are received.Scoping Document 2 refines the description of the issues of concern;identifies necessary information that must be acquired in order to assess the environmental impacts;and states whether the proposed action is determined to be a major federal action requiring preparation of an environmental impact statement (EIS)or may be addressed by preparing an environmental assessment (EA). Supplement to Environmental Review 12 April 21,1994 For projects that exhibit much public concern and potential opposition and involve many resource issues,an EIS is usually required.Federal regulations provide that EISs may be prepared by third party contractors 'for the Federal agencies.This usually ensures that the EIS begins and is completed within a defined schedule.If the Federal agency itself is to prepare the EIS,Congressional appropriation of funds is required. 2.1.1.2 Environmental Impact Statement Preparation of the Draft and Final EIS follows the decision made at the close of scoping to prepare an EIS.Major activities are as follows: l.Scoping for the Environmental Impact Statement -Using Scoping Document 2,the lead agencies confer with other agencies and identified parties regarding the extent of investigations that will be required in order to prepare the EIS.If additional public meetings are determined necessary,an additional round of scoping meetings could be held.A work plan to prepare the EIS is prepared and studies begin. 2.Preparation of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement -Field and office environmental,engineering,and economic investigations,studies, and analyses are conducted.Additional consultations with resource agencies are conducted as appropriate. The Draft EIS is issued for public review and comment and a comment period established.Additional public hearings may be held to receive comments on the Draft EIS in addition to written comments. Comments are reviewed and additional investigations,studies,andconsultations,if required,are conducted. 3.Preparation of the Final Environmental Impact Statement Comments received regarding the draft are responded to in the Final EIS.Additional study results and other information are incorporated.Final statements in support of the preferred alternative are presented. The Final EIS is published and provided to the public.The Final EIS serves as the substantive backup for any Record of Decision and other approvals,including rights-of-way and permits. Supplement to Environmental Review 13 April 21,1994 2.1.1.3 Summary of Costs to Comply with NEPA The range of costs presented below represents those costs that will likely be incurred to comply with the NEPA process through the scoping and EIS preparation tasks discussed above.These costs assume that a third party contractor prepares and publishes the documents and arranges for public meetings and hearings.The designated lead agency or agencies will probably serve the document on consulted entities. 1.Scoping Document].............000005 $30,000 -50,000 Includes startup meetings between third party contractor,lead agencies, cooperating agencies,and State of Alaska/CVEA. 2.Public Meetings .........0.00 ee eee eee $15,000 -25,000 Depends on the number of locations and personnel required. 3.Scoping Document 2 .........2.000ceeeee $20,000 -35,000 Includes decision process to determine whether EIS is required and to prepare outline of required information for use in preparing study plans. 4,Environmental Studies ........eee eee $300,000 -750,000 -Includes consultation with agencies in preparing study plans and conducting studies. 5.Draft EIS ............eee eee eee ..»$250,000 -500,000 6.Public Hearings ...0...0..cee ee ees $20,000 -30,000 Depends on the number of locations and personnel required. 7.Final EIS oeeee $200,000 -450,000 ESTIMATED TOTAL COST ................$835,000 -1,840,000 2.1.2 Clean Air Act and Regulations Regarding Siting and Operation of Fossil-fuel Generation for Diesel and Natural Gas Alternatives Pursuant to the Clean Air Act of 1990 and legislation enacted by the Alaska Legislature in 1993,operators of certain fossil-fuel generation units are required to obtain Operating Permits and bring units into compliance with air quality standards by the year 2000. Compliance requirements may include:retrofit of existing equipment to reduce emissions;installation of "scrubbers"or other technologies to reduce emissions; installation of Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS);and,in certain cases, substitution of fuel supply to reduce emissions. Supplement to Environmental Review 14 April 21,1994 2.1.3 Clean Water Act and Resulations Implementing Section 404 The 404 permit is prepared by the U.S.Corps of Engineers and may involve Nationwide or Individual permits,depending on the complexity and controversy associated with the proposed action.In the case of the Copper Valley Intertie,this involves issuing anumberofpermitsforstreamcrossingsandanyactivitiesthatmaydirectlyaffect wetlands.If there are significant issues involved,the EPA may elect to elevate the 404 permit activities to its jurisdiction.The application requires a significant level of detailed information;it is expected that the EIS would be used to support this permit application. The Alaska Department of Conservation uses the Corps permit for any dredge or fill activities. 2.1.4 Endangered Species Act The primary activity that will be associated with the Copper Valley Intertie is consultation under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act,which concerns the presence: of any candidate or listed species and their critical habitat in the project area. Consultation is held to determine whether the project can proceed without jeopardizing. the continued existence of such species and habitat.A formal study is performed and a Biological Opinion prepared to support the decision of the jurisdictional agency.The U. S.Fish and Wildlife Service has jurisdiction over non-marine fish,wildlife,and botanical species and related habitat;the National Marine Fisheries Service has jurisdiction over marine species and habitat. 2.1.5 Federal _Land Policy Management Act and Bureau of Land Management Implementing Regulations and Guidance Regarding Rights-of-Way The BLM manages lands of the United States that will be crossed by the Intertie.The BLM will entertain applications for rights-of-way over these lands.The NEPA EIS discussed above will serve as the decision document for these rights-of-way.Under the Federal Land Policy Management Act,the BLM may mandate terms and conditions that must be followed for the life of the Project. 2.1.6 Federal Power Act and Regulations Implementing Parts I and Il -Allison Lake Alternative and Qualifying Facilities -Coal-fired and Cogeneration Alternatives The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)would be involved in licensing Allison Lake or Silver Lake under Part I of the Federal Power Act (FPA).A FERC license also triggers other federal,state,and local agency and government approvals and permits that are considered during the licensing. Supplement to Environmental Review 15 April 21,1994 If any of the fossil-fuel generation alternatives are developed by non-utilities,the FERC could entertain a request for Qualifying Facility or Exempt Wholesale Generator status under Part I]of the FPA. 2.1.7 Other Federal Permits and Approvals The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)will require a notice of proposed construction for transmission line segments that could be an obstruction or hazard to plane traffic.Obstruction marking plans must be approved by the FAA. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)must issue a radio license and permit to operate radio equipment if such equipment is planned for use with the Intertie. Because construction of the proposed Intertie will involve more than 5 acres,a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)permit will be required. 2.2 State Statutes and Regulations A Coastal Project Questionnaire must be completed for the Alaska State Division of Governmental Coordination under the Alaskan Office of Management and Budget.This questionnaire initiates the review process for consistency under the Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP).During the review,state agencies determine the permits and authorizations required for proposed projects in or affecting the coastal areas of Alaska.Principal state permits likely to be required are discussed below. 2.2.1 Alaska Department of Fish and Game An anadromous fish protection permit,Title 16 Fish Habitat Permit,is required as anadromous fish streams will be crossed.The permit application requires-a detailed project description,including maps.The application is.submitted with the General Waterway/Waterbody Application to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG). Plan details should include time frame requested for decision.This permit also applies to bridges placed across streams. The ADFG is also to be consulted regarding the need for additional permits if silt, gravel,rock,or other materials are introduced into the water;if the stream is used as a road,even when frozen,or the stream is crossed with tracked or wheeled vehicles;if explosives are used;if a bridge or culvert is installed;or if a Critical Habitat Area,State Game Refuge,or State Sanctuary is affected. Supplement to Environmental Review 16 April 21,1994 2.3 2.2.2 Alaska Department of Natural Resources,State Historic Preservation No specific permits are required.The level of study efforts that must be performed under NEPA is determined by the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO).Based on preliminary information presented in the draft Feasibility Study,an archaeological survey of the proposed right-of-way and adjacent areas will be required.An ethnographic survey may also be required if Native American properties are affected. This study/survey effort is performed under the regulations established pursuant to Section 106 of the Historic Preservation Act and related statutes and is required for the Intertie due to use of Lands of the United States and the need for federal permits and other approvals. 2.2.3 Other State Approvals The Alaska Department of Natural Resources (DNR)must be consulted regarding permit requirements and other rights-of-way approvals for portions of the Intertie that will cross and occupy State-owned lands.DNR is also to be consulted for timber removal and burning.If over 40 acres are to be cleared during the life of the project,the burn would be regulated by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC).If less than 40 acres would be cleared,the burn would be regulated by DNR,Division of Forestry. The DEC is to be consulted if any discharge of wastewater,including stormwater,occurs during operation;if any wastewater disposal system is constructed;regarding dredge and fill near or in wetlands or other waterbodies;if solid waste is produced;if the project requires application of oil or pesticides to the land surface;or if fossil fuel is the source of energy.As noted above in the Federal Statutes and Regulations section,the DECwouldusethe404permitissuedbytheCorpsandwouldissuetherelatedWaterQuality Certificate. If the Intertie would affect the right of way of the Glenn Highway,a utility permit fromtheAlaskaDepartmentofTransportationandPublicFacilitieswouldberequired. Regional and Local Plans,Ordinances,and Other Regulatory Requirements The Matanuska-Susitna Borough regulates land use in the Sutton,Chickaloon,and Glacier View areas.A Conditional Use Permit is required from the Matanuska-Susitna Planning Commission for construction of a transmission line in the Chickaloon Special Land Use District.Similar regulations are being considered in the Glacier View area.The Matanuska-Susitna Borough could also require land use permits and utility permits for any use of Borough lands. Supplement to Environmental Review 17 April 21,1994 3.0 COMPARISON OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH RESOURCE ALTERNATIVES This section presents combinations of potential environmental and other impacts associated with the four most competitive resource alternatives presented in the Feasibility Study.For example, we have combined the impacts associated with the Intertie with those of natural gas generation that is expected to be trasmitted across the Intertie to serve CVEA loads. The following matrix presents a ranking of potential environmental and other impacts that may be associated with the four alternatives.The relative rankings are based on comments received in response to the draft reports;review of information regarding the proposed Allison Lake project;and information available in publications (USDOE 1982).The categories regarding potential environmental impacts are as specified in 3AAC 94.060. Major Alternatives Considered in Feasibility Study Potential Impacts Intertie and Diesel Generation Allison Lake Natural Gas in Valdez and and Diesel Coal Generation Generation Glennallen Generation in Valdez Community Preferences Mixed"Mixed”Mixed"-Mixed” Impact on Community Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Infrastructure Timing in Relation to Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Other Capital Projects Air Quality Low High ©Medium High Water Quality Low Medium Medium Medium Fish and Wildlife Medium Low Low Low Land Use and Ownership High Low Low High Status Terrestrial Medium Low Low Low Recreation Resource High Low Low Low Value Visual/Aesthetics High Low Low Medium Depends on community.The Mat-Su Borough residents generally prefer alternatives to Intertie.Glennallen and Valdez residents generally prefer the Intertie. The following sections discuss the potential impacts of each of the four alternatives listed in the matrix in further detail. Supplement to Environmental Review 18 April 21,1994 * 3.1 Intertie and Natural Gas-fired Combustion Turbines 3.1.1 Community Preferences Community preference was mixed.Comments indicate that residents of the Mat-Su Borough generally prefer alternatives to the Intertie,while residents of Glennallen and Valdez generally support the Intertie. Community concern regarding potential adverse impacts on cultural resources is high. The apparent preferred route parallels the Nelchina Trail,where indigenous peoples are reported to have traveled along Anthracite Ridge.The possibility that the proposed Intertie alignment would affect archaeological or cultural sites and properties is high. Under Section 106 of the Historic Preservation Act,a cultural resources survey and associated field investigations will be required in order to determine whether sites and properties eligible for listing on the National Register occur in the vicinity of the proposed alignment. There is no available information about community preference regarding the use of natural gas-fired generation to be used to supply power to be transmitted over the proposed Intertie. 3.1.2 Impact on Community Infrastructure At this time,we do not have adequate information to determine the level of potential impacts associated with a combination of the Intertie and natural gas combustion turbines (CTs). 3.1.3 Timing in Relation to Other Capital Projects At this time,we do not have adequate information to determine the level of potential impacts associated with a combination of the Intertie and natural gas CTs. 3.1.4 Air Quality Potential air quality impacts associated with construction and operation of the Intertie and combustion turbines that would supply energy are assumed to be low. Minor air quality impacts would occur during construction of the Intertie.However, implementing Best Management Practices generally used by the industry would reduce their severity. CTs that use natural gas are relatively clean burning.Only NOx emissions tend to be a problem because of high combustion temperatures.NOx can be controlled with either Supplement to Environmental Review 19 April 21,1994 water or steam injection into the CT combustor to reduce NOx emissions to 25 parts per million (ppm)at 15%excess O,,eliminating up to 80%of the NOx.Water use and visible steam plumes may become an environmental concern,but water use can be minimized by reusing the condensed exhaust steam for steam injection. Because CTs tend to be sited close to existing gas transmission infrastructure,effects on urban environments need to be considered.Specific impacts may include noise if not silenced.Unsilenced CTs can run 65 to 70 decibels at 1,200 feet from an operating turbine.Silencing can reduce this to 51 decibels at 400 feet. If the units are combined cycle,potential environmental impacts include the combined impacts of waste heat boiler plants and combustion turbines.However,given the plant efficiencies related to the amount of fuel combusted,environmental impacts are proportionately less than if a combination of separate gas and oil fired units are operating. EPA and Alaska regulations governing combustion turbines burning natural gas would be followed in selecting and installing the unit and during operation.Natural gas-fired CTs have a low level of environmental effects as compared to diesel or coal-fired generation. Air pollutants expressed in tons per average megawatt per year for the fuel cycle associated with natural gas-fired combined cycle combustion turbines and also expressed in lbs/kWh during operation,based on a GE Frame 7 unit,are presented in the following table: Potential Impacts Gas Extraction Transportation Generation (Tons/MW/Year)(Tons/MW/Year)(Ibs/kWh & Tons/MW/Year) Sulfur Oxides 94.600 0.0004 0.0000089 2.80 Oxides of Nitrogen 5.630 0.266 0.0011 0.04 Particulates 0.126 0.000064 2.33 Carbon Dioxide 0.00032 4,174.00 Volatile Organic 0.00011 Compounds Supplement to Environmental Review 20 April 21,1994 3.1.5 Water Quality Implementation of Best Management Practices common to the construction industry should prevent adverse effects.For this reason,a low rating regarding potential impacts to water quality is appropriate. Fourteen anadromous fish streams would be crossed or located directly downstream of the proposed Intertie route alignment.Soil erosion and related sedimentation were identified as potential adverse environmental impacts that may cause harmful effects on nearby water bodies.Eventually,these effects are realized in downstream waterways. Turbidity may increase,water quality may be impaired,flooding may occur,and water supply may be affected.Erosion and sedimentation may also adversely affect terrestrial and aquatic habitat and associated populations.Soil erosion in the vicinity of roads and highways may adversely affect drainage patterns. Soil erosion may result from construction activity,including formation of ruts and compaction of soils that may create excessive runoff when natural infiltration of rainwater is impeded.Excavation for pole placement and site preparation may create problems related to soils disposal.Where vegetation is cleared or disturbed,soil is further exposed to erosion. During construction of the Intertie and related access roads,streams would need to be protected from adverse impacts associated with soil erosion or spills.Specific practices and procedures that would be followed during construction and operations/maintenance would be defined in a soil erosion and water quality management protection plan. Water quality impacts per average megawatt per year of energy generation associated with natural gas CTs are related primarily to extraction and generation,assuming that the pipeline is constructed.The table on the following page presents expected effects associated with the CT fuel cycle on water quality.A low level of environmental effects is assumed. Supplement to Environmental Review 2/April 21,1994 Potential Extraction Generation Consumption (acre-feet)8.44000 Thermal Discharge (MMBtu)28,800.00000 Discharge (acre-feet)0.576 drilling mud 0.00810 Biological Oxygen Demand (tons)0.11 0.68600 Chemical Oxygen Demand (tons)0.74 Oil/Grease (tons)2.28 Chromium (tons)0.006 Zinc (tons)0.002 Total Dissolved Solids (tons)30.36 -1.06000 Total Suspended Solids (tons)1.14000 Ammonia (tons)0.00012 Chloride (tons)5.69 Sulfate (tons)4.55 3.1.6 Fish and Wildlife Potential adverse impacts on fish resources were ranked medium to low;potential adverse impacts on wildlife resources were ranked medium to high.Therefore,an average ranking of medium was assigned to these resources. 3.1.6.1 Fish Although none of the 14 anadromous streams that would be crossed support large populations of fish,even slight impacts on water quality would be detrimental. Information presented in the Feasibility Study recognizes that Intertie construction or improvement of access roads could lead to increased erosion affecting water quality. Streams would be crossed at times stipulated in right-of-way permits.Specific practices and procedures that would be followed during construction and Operations/maintenance would be defined in a soil erosion and water quality management protection plan,including any required mitigation measures addressing possible damage to streams and riparian vegetation. Supplement to Environmental Review 22°April 21,1994 3.1.6.2 Wildlife Increased access to previously undeveloped areas could increase hunting pressure on existing populations of moose,the Nelchina caribou herd,dall sheep,and brown bears.Specific locations of proposed access roads are necessary to assess project-related effects.Wildlife in the project area frequent a 12-foot-wide "trail" that parallels much of the proposed alignment.Additional access could enable hunters from the Anchorage metropolitan area to compete with locals who use the area for subsistence hunting.Trumpeter swans were identified as a species of concern as they are particularly vulnerable to collisions with powerlines.Areas used by bald eagles are subject to protection under the Bald Eagle Protection Act. The Intertie would need to be constructed and operated in compliance with requirements for raptor protection and under measures required by agencies pursuant to the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act and the Bald Eagle Protection Act. Effects on fish and wildlife resources are site specific.Possible water quality impacts described above could adversely affect fishery resources and wildlife. However,no information is available regarding the sites occupied by the CTs. 3.1.7 Land Use and Ownership Status Local residents and entities who use lands that would be occupied by the Intertie have raised a number of issues related to land use and ownership status that result in a ranking of high for potential impacts associated with the Intertie/Natural Gas option. The Intertie could adversely affect local residents'quality of life due to the intrusion of development into current primitive areas,specifically in the areas of Sutton,Chickaloon, and Glacier View.Lands that would be occupied by the Intertie are currently used by local residents and persons traveling from other areas for recreation and tourism. Specific activities are discussed below in Section 3.1.9,Recreation Resource Value. Concern was expressed by a number of local businesses that changes in use from wildlands to a managed energy corridor would adversely affect revenues associated with recreational and tourism uses. Much of the area that would be affected by the proposed Intertie and access roads can be classified as wildlands (see Section 3.1.8,Terrestrial Resources).Threats to wildlands and current use/ownership include impaired scenic value due to presence of manmade structures;increased access and related degradation due to increased access roads and human activity;and reduction in scenic value due to conversion to utility corridors requiring manipulation of soils and vegetation and continued access for maintenance.) Supplement to Environmental Review 23 April 21,1994 The main economic interest of wildlands is their contribution to biodiversity,provision of critical habitat,and protection of watersheds and soil.They also provide a base for primitive experience recreation and tourism,as well as vicarious consumption. Potential long-term adverse effects related to the presence of the Intertie include loss of revenues associated with current use of lands for recreation and tourism associated with present wildlands status,and reduced value of privately-owned lands in the vicinity of the Intertie alignment. Potential annual environmental impacts,based on a national average,per average megawatt per year of energy generation for natural gas-fired combined cycle turbine fuel cycle on land use are identified in the following table.On a national average,disposal of solid waste in tons per average megawatt per year are estimated to be 22.35 tons of drill cuttings over the life of a natural gas well.A rating of medium to high is anticipated for potential environmental effects. Potential Extraction (Well)|Transportation (Pipeline)Generation Impacts (Tons/MW/Year)(Tons/MW/Year) 'Acreage (Permanent)2.65 4.18 0.1 per MW capacity Acreage (Temporary)3.15 3.1.8 Terrestrial Resources Concerns regarding terrestrial resources are closely related to wildlife (see Section 3.1.6).A medium level of environmental impacts would occur due to construction and permanent occupation of lands by structures related to the Intertie.If critical habitat for any species would be adversely affected or if significant wetlands would be disturbed, mitigation would be required and the level of impact could increase to a high level. Much of the area that would be affected by the proposed Intertie can be classified as "wildlands."Wildlands can be defined as natural and water areas which have been only slightly,or not at all,modified by modern society (Ledec and Goodland 1988). Wildlands do not contain sizeable numbers of people.However,they are valuable because of their biodiversity,opportunity for primitive recreational enjoyment,and the range of environmental functions they provide. These wildlands provide valuable habitat for wildlife;potential adverse impacts are noted in Section 3.1.6,Fish and Wildlife).Construction and operation of the Intertie would be subject to mitigation measures proposed by the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service and the Alaska Departments of Natural Resources,Environmental Conservation,and Fish and Game. Supplement to Environmental Review 24 April 21,1994 The proposed Intertie would cross approximately 65 miles of wetlands listed in National Wetland Inventory.Approximately 100 miles of permafrost wetlands would be affected by Intertie construction and operation. Information regarding terrestrial impacts associated with natural gas generation that would supply the needs delivered by the Intertie were not available. 3.1.9 Recreation Resource Values Adverse environmental and socioeconomic effects associated with the proposed Intertie indicated that a high rating of potential impacts would be associated with recreation and tourism.Specific areas of concern included the historic Chickaloon Knik Nelchina Trail, Nelchina Public Use Area,and Hiking Trails in the Hicks Creek/Chitna Pass areas. Recreationists using the area for skiing,snowmobiling,hiking,and bicycling could experience adverse effects because of the Intertie.Specifically,the Intertie would be visible from Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina trail and from several State recreation sites, including King Mountain Recreation Area,Bonnie Lake Recreation Area,Long Lake Recreation Area,Caribou Creek Recreation Mining Area,and Matanuska Glacier 'Recreation Area.Aerial recreational opportunities could also be affected,specifically persons using hang gliders east of Knob Hill in Sutton area and small planes. Local recreation and tourism businesses expressed concern that the presence of the Intertie would adversely affect their businesses as it is perceived to reduce the attractiveness of the area for tourism.The Matanuska Valley is a popular destination for Anchorage residents who use the area for day trips to engage in hiking,biking,skiing,and backpacking.Nearly 100%of tourism-based businesses operate on north side of Matanuska River.Because of narrow configuration persons taking day trips to the area would have to pass under or near powerline. Locally owned tourism-based businesses in the area include hiking,hunting and fishing guides;horseback outfitters;river rafters;campgrounds;and commercial services. Persons engaging in activities at higher elevations than the Intertie corridor would be presented with a long view of the powerline and its right-of-way. Long-term adverse effects include potential loss of revenue in the local vicinity due to degraded quality of the experience associated with the intrusion of an energy corridor into present scenic and primitive areas. Information regarding recreational impacts associated with natural gas generation that would supply the needs delivered by the Intertie were not available. Supplement to Environmental Review 25 April 21,1994 3.2 3.1.10 Visual/Aesthetics Construction and operation of the Intertie were the subject of numerous concerns, therefore a high rating is assigned to this category. The effects on aesthetic and visual resources associated with construction and operation of transmission lines are determined by five factors:the width and appearance of the right-of-way;the methods used to clear the corridor (selective or clear-cut);the design and size of the transmission towers;the nature of the landscape;and placement of structures in the landscape.Among the most important aesthetic factors in design of the towers are color,structural configuration,and the type of material used. Specific concerns were raised by the following entities and provided the basis for a high ranking of potential impacts.The Glacier View Community Council presented a Resolution recommending that the Intertie be located north of Anthracite Ridge.Specific concerns raised by the Council include:concern regarding indigenous peoples'use for travel on Anthracite Ridge;generally unstable slopes;and approximately seven stream crossings that would be required. The Glenn Highway is one of most scenic highways in Alaska.As currently routed and based on field reviews,the Intertie would not be visible from the Glenn Highway for most of its length.However,potential adverse visual impacts on persons visiting the Lake Louise Road viewshed due to the presence of the Intertie may occur.The view from Lake Louise Road is reported to be one of most spectacular in this region.The Draft Feasibility Study acknowledged in the discussion of Segment 23-24 (pg III-25)that an Intertie or the southernmost route would be a dominant feature in the viewshed from Lake Louise Road.Visual simulation studies would be performed to select a route north of Crater Lake,seeking to take maximum advantage of terrain to limit the visual impact. Potential adverse impacts to local residents due to visual intrusion to private property along the highway from Cascade Creek to Hicks Creek may occur.During final route selection,detailed ground reviews and attention to individual property views would identify if and to what extent a proposed route would affect this viewshed. Information regarding adverse effects on visual and aesthetic impacts associated with natural gas generation that would supply the needs delivered by the Intertie were not available. Diesel Generation The all diesel case presented in the feasibility report assumes that the Intertie is not constructed and diesel generation would be added to meet future needs.Retirement and replacement options are presented.Upgrades to existing equipment are mentioned. Supplement to Environmental Review 26 April 21,1994 Assuming that the diesel generation is located in an industrial use area,potential impacts on fish and wildlife,land use and ownership status,terrestrial,recreation resource value,and visual andaestheticswouldbepresumedtobelow. General operating requirements include:make-up fresh water source of 4-5 cubic feet per second within 0.5 mile;rail or highway delivery of fuel,with maximum of 0.25 mile distance from existing railway or paved highway;and 1,200 feet distance from inhabited areas due tonoiselevels. Site specific information regarding the all diesel case was not available.Therefore,potential air and water quality impacts are based on information generic to the resource. 3.2.1 Air Quality Air pollutant emissions associated with diesel generation were ranked high based on similar analyses of alternative sources of generation.Diesel generation would result in sulfur dioxide pollution.SOx exhaust gas can be mitigated with scrubbers,which add to the cost of generation.NOx emissions can be controlled with either water or steam injection.Significant amounts of CO,,a "greenhouse"gas,and waste are produced. Additional air emissions include:total suspended particulates,hydrocarbons,carbon monoxide,and heavy metal particulates. If potential air emissions exceed the regulatory thresholds established by the EPA and ADEC,air quality operating permits,and associated state user fees established by ADEC,may be required.Additional diesel emissions may also require a Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)Permit unless operation can proceed under a PSDAvoidancePermit.os Estimated levels of air quality emissions associated with operation of two types of diesel engines,the Delaval Enterprise R-46 and the Caterpillar 3608,are presented in the following table.Environmental effects associated with extraction and transportation of diesel fuel would be similar to those associated with the natural gas generation discussion under the Intertie and Natural Gas alternative discussed above. Potential Impacts DE R-46 (lbs/kWh)CAT 3608 (Ibs/kWh) Oxides of Nitrogen 0.03800 0.0220 Carbon Monoxide 0.00510 0.0049 Particulates 0.00015 0.0019 Volatile Organic Compounds 0.00098 0.0025 Sulfur Oxides 0.00460 0.0046 Supplement to Environmental Review 27 April 21,1994 3.3 3.2.2 Water Quality Water is used for cooling purposes during operations.Water quality impacts during operation of diesel generators may include adverse effects on biochemical oxygen demand,chemical oxygen demand,total suspended and dissolved solids,and ammonia. Thermal discharge may adversely affect fishery resources in receiving waters.These effects are assumed to be of medium level. Allison Lake and Diesel Generation The Allison Lake Project would convey additional water to the existing Solomon Gulch Project and is assumed to provide 3,145 KW of firm capacity during winter peak.Upgrades and additional diesel generation would be required.Approximately one-half of the energy at Allison Lake would be produced at Solomon Gulch. Environmental effects associated with diesel generation are discussed in Section 3.2,Diesel, above and would be additional to the effects associated with Allison Lake presented below. 3.3.1 Air Quality Minor air quality emissions and fugitive dust would occur during construction. Construction permits would most likely specify procedures to reduce or mitigate for these impacts.A low ranking for Allison Lake combined with a high ranking for diesel generation would result in a medium level for the combination. 3.3.2 Water Quality Data collected by the Army Corps of Engineers (COE)during May of 1979 indicate that physical,chemical,and biological water conditions within Allison Lake are of good quality (see Attachment A).Parameters tested meet all state and federal surface water quality standards.Turbidity levels were negligible (0.01 NTU)during the time of sampling. Based on the COE information,no potential for contamination of Solomon Gulch Reservoir or the downstream fish hatchery are anticipated.In addition,no turbine operations complications related to increased water turbidity are expected.Additional Studies may be necessary to (1)respond to allegations by hatchery entities that increased turbidity would result at Solomon Gulch Hatchery if water is brought in from Allison Lake and (2)to confirm that no disease-carrying fish or organisms would be introduced as a result of mixing Allison Lake waters with hatchery deliveries.Based on available information,a low to medium level of effect could occur.In combination with diesel generation,a ranking of medium is assumed. Supplement to Environmental Review 28 April 21,1994 3.3.3 Fish and Wildlife Most of the major streams and rivers entering Port Valdez support salmon spawning. Intertidal areas of many streams are used for spawning by pink and chum salmon in sand,gravel,and/or silt fans at the mouths of many streams,including Solomon Creek and Allison Creek.Spawning occurs 1.5 miles below the outlet of Allison Lake and 0.25 mile from the mouth of Allison Creek. Most birds in the Port Valdez area are classified as either waterfowl,shorebirds, seabirds,or raptors.There are no known bald eagle nests in the study area,except along Dayville Road approximately 3 miles from the project area.A survey of eagle nests will be required prior to construction. Wildlife species include brown bear,black bear,mountain goat,wolf,wolverine,marten, porcupine,and snowshoe hare.Solomon Creek drainage provides good habitat for black bear and the coastal area is prime habitat.Inland populations of black bear occur in the semi-open forested areas.Brown bears also inhabit the coastal areas,which provide a richer food supply than the upland areas.There are no known endangered or threatened species of flora and fauna in the study area. Further evaluation of effects on fish and wildlife will occur during the licensing and permitting process.A low level of effect is assumed. 3.3.4 Land Use and Ownership Status All lands associated with.the Allison Lake Project are located inside the city limits of Valdez.The entire area has no land use zoning designation.The study area is located on State of Alaska land under management of the Alaska Department of Natural Resources.The Dayville Road is managed by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities.A low level of effect is assumed. 3.3.5 Terrestrial There are several wetlands in the general project area.The proposed second powerhouse,staging area,and access road at Solomon Reservoir would not affect significant wetlands.A low level of environmental effects is assumed. 3.3.6 Recreation Resource Value The area is not readily accessible for recreational use.Therefore,a low level of effect is assumed. Supplement to Environmental Review 29 April 21,1994 3.4 3.3.7.Visual/Aesthetics Allison Lake and Solomon Reservoir can only be viewed by air,and only a few would see the impact of Allison Lake drawdown.The visual quality of the natural landscape could be marred by deposition of tunnel tailings.A revegetation plan could be initiated if this becomes a concern.A low level of effect is assumed. Coal Generation A 22-MW coal facility in Valdez is proposed to be constructed and on line in 1998.The proposed coal plant would use fluidized bed combustion to accomplish greater heat rates and related higher thermal efficiencies and greatly reduced emissions compared to the conventional steam cycle coal plant.. At this time,we do not have adequate information to determine the level of potential impacts on fish and wildlife;land use and ownership;terrestrial resource values;and visual/aesthetics that may be associated with coal plant development.With the exception of visual/aesthetics,a low level of effects is assumed for these resource categories.Emissions from the coal plant could,however,affect scenic vistas in the vicinity of the plant and along the pathway of the "plume."Therefore,a medium level of effect is assumed. 3.4.1 Air Quality Atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC)is an advanced coal technology that employs a fluid such as air,steam,or oxygen conveyed to the reactor vessel.With assistance of a fluidizing agent (such as sand),the fluid entrains fuel particles in its stream and bubbles or fluidizes them in the combustion zone of the reactor.Limestone is mixed with coal in the bed to trap sulfur.Removal of the majority of sulfur reduces or eliminates flue gas cleanup of the combustion gases.. NOx and SOx emissions are dramatically reduced as compared to conventional coal-fired plants.Other emissions and pollutants resulting from fluidized bed plants are similar to conventional coal.Mining,transportation,fuel handling,ash disposal,and cooling water problems are similar.A high level of effects is assumed for purposes of this analysis in that we do not have plant-specific information and cannot verify that the "plume"would not pose adverse effects to nearby Class I airsheds. The table on the following page measures air quality emissions per average megawatt of energy generation per year based on generic information regarding AFBC. Supplement to Environmental Review 30 April 21,1994 Potential Mining and Transportation Generation Impacts Processing (MW/Year)(MW/Year)(MW/Year) SO,(tons)0.009 0.14 1.8 NOx (tons)0.140 0.128 15.3 Particulates (tons)0.007 4.08 1.6 CO,(tons)9,313.0 CO (tons)0.028 0.189 1.54 Fugitive Dust (tons)0.020 12.0 Heavy Metals (lbs)2.8 Radium 226 (curies)0.000004 Methane (tons)7.01 3.4.2 Water Quality Water quality impacts per average megawatt of energy generation per year are estimated in the following table based on generic information.A medium level of effect is assumed. Potential Impacts Mining and Generation ,Processing Consumption (acre-feet)17.40 Thermal Discharge (MMBtu)44,200.0 Oil and Grease (tons)0.032 Total Suspended Solids (tons)0.063 Chloride (tons)0.063 Iron (tons)0.00002 Copper (tons)0.00002 General Discharge (acre-feet)0.243 (alkaline) Supplement to Environmental Review 3]April 21,1994 3.4.3 Land Use Acreage requirements per average megawatt of energy generation per year of generation result in an average 0.228 per megawatt in permanent change in landscape for mining and processing activities and 1.5 acre per megawatt capacity of the plant. Waste streams average 2,354 tons of solid waste during mining and 1,024 tons of solid waste during generation.Solid waste includes boiler bottom ash,boiler fly ash,and scrubber sludge. Because the plant is assumed to be sited in an industrial area,a high level of environmental effects is assumed. Supplement to Environmental Review 32 April 21,1994 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Alaska Energy Authority.1992.Allison Lake reconnaissance study.Prepared under Contract No.2800483 by HDR Engineering,Anchorage,Alaska. . ;if Bergstrom,J.C.and J.R.Stoll.1993.Value estimator models for wetlands-based recreational use values.Land Economics,Volume 69,Issue 2. Berkshire County Regional Planning Commission.1974.Evaluation of power facilities:a reviewer's handbook.Prepared in collaboration with Curran Associates,Inc.,Engineers and Planners. Bonneville Power Administration.1992.Draft environmental impact statement,resource programs.Volume 1,Environmental Analyses.DOE/EIS-0162. Brookshire,D.,L.Eubanks,and A.Randall.1983.Estimating option prices and existence values for wildlife resources.Land Economics,Volume 59,pages 1-15.| Devousages,W.,V.K.Smith and M.McGiverney.1983.A comparison of alternative approaches for estimating recreation and related benefits of water quality improvements. EPA Contract Report 68-01-5838,Economic Analysis Division,EPA,Washington,D.C. Fisher,A.C.1981.Resource and environmental economics.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,England. Fluor Daniel,Inc.1988.Development of combustion turbine capital and operating costs. DOE/BP-63056-1.Bonneville Power Administration,Portland,Oregon. Freeman,A.Myrick.1979.The benefits of environmental improvement:Theory and practice. Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore and London. Freeman,A.Myrick,R.H.Haveman,and A.V.Knesse.1973.The economics of environmental policy.John Wiley &Sons,New York,London,Sidney,Toronto. Hufschmidt,M.M.,D.E.James,A.D.Meister,B.T.Bower,and J.A.Dixon.1983. Environment,natural systems,and development:an economic valuation guide.Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore and London. Kahneman,D.and J.L.Knetsch.1982.Valuing public goods:the purchase of moral satisfaction.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,Volume 22, Number 1. Supplement to Environmental Review 33 . April 21,1994 Kneese,A.V.1984.Measuring the benefits of clean air and water.Resources for the Future, Washington,D.C. Krutilla,J.and Fisher,A.C.1975.The economics of natural environments:studies in the valuation of commodity and amenity resources.Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore,Maryland. Larson,D.M.1993.On measuring existence value.Land Economics,69(4):377-88. Ledec,G.and J.R.A.Goodland.1988.Wildlands:their protectionand management in economic development.World Bank,Washington,D.C. Little,A.D.1985.Analysis of routine occupational risks associated with selected electrical energy systems.EA-4020.Electric Power Research Institute,Palo Alto,California. Loomis,J.B.and R.G.Walsh.1986.Assessing wildlife and environmental values in cost- benefit analysis:state of the art.Journal of Environmental Management,Volume 22, pages 125-131.Academic Press Inc.,London. Roskill Commission.1971.Report of the Commission on the third London Airport.HMSO, London,England. Samples,K.C.,J.A.Dixon,M.M Gowen.1986.Information disclosure and endangered species valuation.Land Economics 62(3). Sewell,G.H.1975.Environmental quality management.Prentice-Hall,Inc.,Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey. Smith,K.V.1993.Nonmarket valuation of environmental resources.Land Economics, Volume 69,Issue 1. Stoll,J.and L.A.Johnson.1984.Concepts of value,nonmarket valuation and the case of the whooping crane.49th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference,pp. 382-393,Wildlife Management Institute,Washington,D.C. U.S.Department of Energy.1983.Energy technology characterizations handbook, environmental pollution and control factors.DOE/EP-0093.Washington,D.C. U.S.Department of Energy.1982.Energy technology characterizations. Supplement to Environmental Review 34 April 21,1994 Walsh,R.,L.Sanders,and J.Loomis.1985.Wild and scenic river economics:recreation use and preservation values.Department of Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Colorado State University,Fort Collins,Colorado. Walsh,R.,R.Gillman,and J.Loomis.1982.Wilderness resource ecoomics:recreation use and preservation values.Department of Economics,Colorado State University,Fort Collins,Colorado.. Walsh,R.,D.Greenley,R.Young,J.McKean,and A.Prato.1978.Option values, preservation values and recreational benefits of improved water quality:a case study of the South Platte River Basin,Colorado.EPA Report 600/5-78-001,Washington,D.C. Willis,K.G.,and G.D.Garrod.1991.An individual travel-cost method of evaluating forest recreation.Journal of Agricultural Economics,Volume 42,No.1. Willis,K.G.and J.F.Benson.1989.Recreational values of forests.Journal of the Institute of Chartered Foresters,Volume 62,Number 2,Oxford University Press. Winpenny,J.T..1991.Values for the environment:a guide to economic appraisal.Overseas Development Institute,HMSO. Supplement to Environmental Review 35 April 21,1994 ATTACHMENT A RIWBECK AND ASSOCIATES Fourth and Blanchard Building,Suite 600 ®2101 Fourth Avenue @ Seattle,Washington 98121-2375 @ USA Telephone (206)441-7500 @ Fax (206)441-4962 WW-1559-HA1-BB MEMORANDUM ,April 15,1994 3201 To:John Heberling From:Jenna Getz Subject:Allison Lake Water Quality Review You requested that I prepare a letter report summarizing existing water quality conditions in Allison Lake based on data collected by the Army Corps of Engineers (CORPS) in the late seventies.The purpose of this summary was to determine if "Allison Lake water will pollute the water in Solomon Gulch Reservoir".A review of the limited data available on Allison Lake water quality was performed.However,because no data was available to determine the quality of water within Solomon Gulch Reservoir,a comparison of the two water bodies could not be made. Data collected by the CORPS during May of 1979 were used to determine water quality conditions within Allison Lake.Water quality data was collected at a depth six feet and seventy feet.It is assumed for the purposes of this review that water samples were collected on one day at only one station location and that all approved QA/QC procedures were followed throughout sampling and analysis. Results from the CORPS report indicate that physical,chemical,and biological water conditions within Allison Lake are of good quality (Table 4B).Parameters tested meet all state . and federal surface water quality standards.Turbidity levels were negligible (.01 NTU)during the time of sampling. Based on the CORPS information,no potential for contamination of Solomon Gulch Reservoir or the downstream fish hatchery are anticipated.In addition,no turbine operations complications relate to water turbidity are expected. Boston,MA ®Columbus,NE ®Denver,CO ®Indianapolis,IN 8 Minneapolis,MN Nashville,TN ®Orlando,FL ®Phoenix,AZ ®Sacramento,CA ®Seattle,WA , --TABLE 48 ,ALLISON LAKE WATER QUALITY May 1979 Y'SAMPLE DEPTH 6 Feet .7 teet Alkalinity mg/l as CaC03 1 Aluminum mg/1 as Al Ammonia mg/1 as N Arsenic mg/1]as As Barium mg/1 as Ba Cadmium mg/1 as Cd Chloride mg/1 as Cl Chlorine mg/l as Cl Chromium mg/l as Cr Color pt-co unit Copper mg/l as Cu Flourine mg/1 as F Iron mg/1 as Fe Iron Bacteria Lead mg/1 as Pb Magnesium mg/1 as Mg Manganese mg/1 as Mn Mercury mg/1 as Hg Nickel mg/1 as Ni Nitrate mg/1]as N Nitrite mg/l]sd N Kjeldahl mg/]as N Petroleum or derivatives mg/1 ph Potassium mg/l as K Silver mg/1 Ag Sodium mg/1 as NaSulfatemg/1 (S0q)Total Dissolved Solids mg/1 @ 103C 2 Total Settleable Solids mg/1 Turbidity NTU © Zinc mg/1 DODONDOOMNDA-O-$BDODOOSDOCQVOWHCOONOONOKWUIWOOWONOK"HDONOO-Oqgqg0oo0o0qo0O}00000-oe«28eee.OeeeDODONDOWDMOMHMVDAODAIIOOODAOOVAVOWWHWODOAWOfan°6°*DOWNOLETWOOHWN-O-_NODHKOHKDOWOONN-O-e-!.Ooownooonrooooooo0o0oo0osgo0o00o0o00ooqo°0eeoeoo-®eeeeee°ee°eeeeeeeeeeeeeeoooomooonoooooq°e°0eoeaeee°eeeeeo-oOo- "Appendix N: k and AssociaterthAvenue,Suite 600° hington 98121-2375 Prepared by se DAMES &MOORE5600BStreet,Suite 100 Anchorage,Alaska 99518 12023-032-020 October,1993 _TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page SUMMARY ..........ccc ccc ec eee ce ee teen eee cece eee e cece te eeeeeeaes Vv CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction 2...cece eee eee ee ee eee t eee eee e eens 1-1 1.1 |Purpose and Need ............eeeeeeeeeeeewetness cece eees 1-1 1.2 Public Involvement ....2.0...ee eee ec eee eee eens 1-1 1.3 Issues Identified ..........ce eee eee ee ete ee eee eens 1-2 14 Permits ........ccc ec cc cece eee eect neeeeeeeeas cccceeeeeees 1-3 'CHAPTER 2 -AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2.0 Introduction 2.....eee ee ee ee eee cette ee eee nes 2-1 2.1 Topography .......cc cece cece eee eee eee eee eens neces 2-1 2.2 Geology/Soils 2.0...cece cc ee eet ee eee eee eee eens 2-1 2.3. Wetlands/Vegetation ...............Lee eee eee eee ee eee ee eeee 2-3 2.3.1 Wetlands/Vegetation ..0...ccc ec eee ete ee ee eee 2-3 2.3.2 Threatened or Endangered Species ..........-...eee ee eens 2-9 2.4 Water Resources .......2...cece cee eee ee eee eee eee eee eens 2-92.4.1 Climatic Setting .........eeeenceeeeeeeens 2-9 2.4.2 Surface Water ..2...eee ee eee eee eee 2-9 2.4.3 Hydrology ...........Lc eee ee ee ee eee eee eens 2-10 2.4.4 Water Quality 2.0...eeeeee ceeeeee 2-10 2.4.5 Ground Water .........cee ee eee ee ee eee eee eee 2-11 2.4.6 Water Use 20...ee ee ee ete eee eee 2-11 2.5 Aquatic Ecology .....seebccn ceeeeeucceueeeencceneeenenes 2-11 2.5.1 Matanuska Valley Drainage ........cc ee ee eee ees 2-14 2.5.2:Copper River Valley Drainage ......00...2 cece eee eee 2-15 CopperValiey 12023-032-020 i 18November93 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page 26 Wildlife ........ccc een ence e eee e sees eee ent en ener enenes 2-16 2.6.1 Birds 2.0...ce eee eee eee tee eee teens wee ences 2-16 2.6.2 Mammals .........cc cece e cece eee eee ree eee cece eee 2-18 2.6.3 Threatened and Endangered Species ........0.eee cece eens 2-20 2.7 Land Use and Land Status ........0...ec ce eee eee eee ets 2-20 2.7.1 Land Use and Community Characteristics .............000--2-20 2.7.2 Area Plans and Designated Areas...1....cee ee ee ee ee ne 2-21 2.7.3 Land Status ..1...cee eee eee eee eee teens 2-27 2.8 Cultural/Historical Resources ...........ec ee eee eee ee eee eee eens 2-30 2.9 Recreation .......cece ee ee eee ee ee ee ee tee eee eee eee ees 2-31 2.10 Visual/Scenic Resources .........cee eee ee eee eee eee Leas 2-35 2.11 Air Quality 0...ee eee eee eee beeeeeeee 2-35 2.12 Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF)......2....0...ee eee eee eee eens 2-36 2.12.1 Introduction .......0...eee eee ee eee rrr 2-36 2.12.2 EMF Health Effects ..0...2....ec ee ee ee eens 2-39 2.12.3 Regulations ..0....cece ce eee eee ee eee ens 2-40 CHAPTER 3 -POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 3.0 Introduction ..1...ee ee ene ee nee e eee ees 3-1 3.1 Construction Impacts ..2...2...eee ee eee ee eee tenets 3-1 )3.1.1 Wetlands and Other Wildlife Habitat Impacts .....eee eee eee 2 3.1.2 Noise and Traffic Impacts .....0...eee cee eee eee eens 3-2 3.1.3 Air Quality Impacts 2.0...eeeeeeeeeens 3-23.1.4 Wildlife Impacts 2...ccceeececeeecteens 3-2 3.1.5 Recreational Impacts ......0....ccc eee ee ee eens eee eee 3-3 3.1.6 Economic Impacts .........0.cee ete eee eee ees 3-4 3.2 Operational Impacts ...........00.0 eee eee Lc ccc ee eee ee eee e eee 3-4 3.2.1 Wetlands and Other Wildlife Habitat Impacts ................3-4 3.2.2 Noise and Traffic Impacts ..0.6.0.0...0.cece eee cece ee ee 3-4 3.2.3,Air Quality Impacts 22...ck ce cee tee ees 3-4 3.2.4 Wildlife Impacts 2.2....eeeeeeeeeeeLe eee nee 3-5 3.2.5 Recreational Impacts ........0...cee eee cee ee eee e cece 3-6 CopperValley 12023-032-020 ii 18November93 12023-032-020 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Section Page 3.2.Operational Impacts (Continued) .3.2.6 Visual/Scenic Impacts .........cece eee eee ee eens 3-9 3.2.7 Economic Impact .........cece cece ce eee cent eee eeee 3-10 3.2.8 Land Use and Community Impacts ............202ceceeee 3-11 3.2.9 Electric and Magnetic Field Effects ............0.00 cceeee 3-12 3.2.10 Access RoadS 2.2...ccc cece ccc eee eee e eee eee eees 3-13 CHAPTER 4 -BIBLIOGRAPHY .........0...cece eee eee eee ee eect eens 4-1 CopperValley iil 18November93 Table Table 2.3-1 Table 2.5-1 Table 2.5-2 Table 2.7-1 Table 2.7-2 Table 2.9-1 , Table 2.12-1 Figure Figure 2.3-1. Figure 2.7-1 |Figure 2.9-1 Figure 3.2-1 Figure 3.2-2 CopperValley 12023-032-020 LIST OF TABLES Page Description of Wetland Classes Found Along Proposed Alignments ........0...cee eee eect ee ee eee e een e eens 2-6 Commonly Harvested Sport and Subsistence Fish .................2-12 Anadromous Fish Streams Crossed or Directly Downstream of Potential Route Alignments .........2.eee cece eee ees eee 2-13 Management Units within the Glenn Highway Subregion of the Susitna Area Plan Crossed By Route Alignments .............2-22 Management Units within the Copper River Basin Area Plan Crossed By Route Alignments .........0.0.0.cee eee ee eeee 2-25 Matanuska-Susitna Borough Trails Crossed By Proposed Route Alignments .....0.0...cece cee eee ee eee eee e nes wee.2-34 Typical Magnetic Field Levels ..........cee eee eee ee ee ee eee 2-38 LIST OF FIGURES Page Environmental Resources ..0....ee ee eee eee ee eee ees 2-5 Land Status 2.0....ce ee cece eee eee teen eens 2-28 Recreation/Visual Resources ..2...cc eee eee eee eens 2-33 Typical Electric Fields ©...1...ceceeeeeee 3-15 Typical Magnetic Fields...0.0....cece eee cece e eens wees 315 APPENDICES APPENDIX A MEETING SUMMARIES APPENDIX B PUBLIC COMMENT APPENDIX C RESOLUTIONS iv 18Novempber93 SUMMARY Introduction The Alaska Energy Authority (the Authority)is studying the feasibility of constructing a 138-kV transmission line intertie between Sutton and Glennallen,Alaska.The intertie would 'be constructed and owned by the Copper Valley Electric Association (CVEA)and would allow CVEA to purchase power from Chugach Electric Association or other electric utilities in the Anchorage area.CVEA serves customers throughout the Copper River Valley area,including Glennallen and Valdez.The transmission line would span approximately 134 miles between the communities of Sutton and Glennallen.This environmental analysis was designed to identify environmental issues along the proposed routes and identify any areas that would need to be further addressed in the permitting and construction phases. Routes There are two primary routes analyzed in this report (referred.to as the northern route alignment and the southern route alignment),although there are more than two alternative segments in some areas.The proposed route alignments span the area between Sutton and Glennallen,a distance of approximately 134 miles.The routes begin at a proposed new substa- tion approximately one mile west of Sutton and end at CVEA's existing Pump Station 11 Substation southeast of Glennallen.The route alignments are primarily located on the north side of the Glenn Highway,with the exception of the last 13 miles of the southern alignment and the last seven miles of the northern route alignment,which lie south of the Glenn Highway west of Glennallen.Within the project area,the Glenn Highway runs generally east-west through the Matanuska Valley and across the Copper River Valley.An apparent preferred route has been selected. Neither the northern nor southern route has been identified as a preferred route based on this environmental analysis.However,for the purpose of focusing the feasibility study the engineering portion of the study identifies an apparent preferred route alternative,based on several evaluation criteria including limited preliminary environmental analysis.This apparent preferred route alternative generally follows the northern route except for the segments between Simpson Cabin and Alfred Creek where it generally follows the southern route.The general findings and observations in this environmental analysis are applicable to the apparent preferred route alternative to the extent it shows route segments with the northern and southern routes. CopperValiey 12023-032-020 v 18November93 Construction | The intertie route will span varying terrain including valley areas,steep slopes and mountain passes.Many areas along the alternative routes have no road access.Much of the linewouldbeconstructedusinghelicopterstotransportmaterials,equipment,and construction crews. Helicopters will also be used for conductor stringing and setting of the transmission line structures.Clearing widths for the transmission line may vary according to topography and vegetation,but the overall clearing width is expected to be approximately 50 to 75 feet.Much of the construction of the Copper River Valley portion of the transmission line could occur in winter in order to minimize impacts to wetland areas and streams. Public Involvement The Authority held two rounds of public meetings during the development of the Feasibility Study.An additional round of public meetings is anticipated at the completion of the Draft Feasibility Study.Public meetings were held in communities located along the proposed routes,including Sutton,Chickaloon,Glacier View,Glennallen and Valdez.The public meetings were well attended by concerned citizens and community leaders.The public meetings were used by the Authority to present information on the feasibility study,the need for the project,the routes being proposed,and issues to be addressed.The Authority also used these meetings as a means of documenting the concerns of local residents.Many issues were raised,some of which were addressed through modifications to the routes.Other issues,such as aesthetic impacts,are addressed in this environmental report.Additional concerns may be addressed in planning documents required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)such as an Environmental Assessment (EA)or an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)if the projectproceedsbeyondthefeasibilitystudy. R.W.Beck and Dames &Moore,as consultants for the Authority,met with regulatory agencies in March 1993 to provide preliminary information on possible intertie corridor align- ments and to gather information from the agencies on sensitive resource areas and issues to be considered during the feasibility study.Agencies attending the meeting included the Matanuska- Susitna Borough,U.S.Fish &Wildlife Service,U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Alaska Depart- ment of Fish &Game,Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation,and the State of Alaska Office of History and Archaeology. Potential Environmental Impacts The most significant impacts resulting from this project would be visual and recreation impacts in the project area.The Matanuska Valley is a highly scenic area with many businesses in the small communities oriented toward tourism.Use of a backcountry route could mitigate the visual impacts along the scenic Glenn Highway but could still result in an impact on CopperValley 12023-032-020 vi >I8November93 recreational users,such as backpackers,rafters,skiers and snowmobilers,using trails in the backcountry.Other lesser impacts could include increased pressure on wildlife and recreation resources due to increased access to the area.These impacts could be mitigated by limiting additional access roads associated with the project. Short-term economic benefits are likely for construction-related industries as the project could increase jobs,wages and sales of materials throughout southcentral Alaska.Long-term benefits may be anticipated by customers of CVEA.In addition,residents of the Copper River Valley and Valdez could experience economic benefits if the intertie provides lower electric rates which could contribute to an increase in economic growth in the area.Long-term air quality benefits in CVEA's service area could be realized if use of the intertie reduces usage of diesel engines for power generation in Glennallen and Valdez. Conclusions The types of environmental impacts associated with the two proposed route alternatives are similar,but the level of the impacts differs between the alternatives.The most significant impacts are likely to be visual and recreational impacts for both route alternatives.However,the northern alternative may reduce any visual and recreation impacts to some degree by decreasing the number of people impacted,since the northern route is farther from the Glenn Highway. CopperValley 12023-032-020 Vii 18November93 CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction This environmental report was prepared for R.W.Beck and the Alaska Energy Authority (the Authority)as a section of the Feasibility Study for a possible intertie between Sutton and Glennallen,Alaska,to be constructed and owned by the Copper Valley Electric Association (CVEA).In general,this report follows the format and subject matter of a federal Environmental Assessment (EA)and is intended as a basis for preparing an EA should that become necessary. 1.1 Purpose and Need CVEA provides electric service to approximately 3,000 customers and a population of. approximately 8,000 in the Copper River Valley area,reaching from Valdez to Glennallen. CVEA's energy is currently generated primarily by a hydroelectric facility and supplemented with diesel generators which have been in service for over 15 to 30 years.CVEA has been studying alternatives for replacing its diesel generators for over 20 years.The proposed intertie would allow CVEA to purchase power from electric utilities in the Anchorage area and offset the use of diesel generators in CVEA's service territory.The need for the project,including demand forecasts and an economic analysis of the intertie and other alternatives,is discussed further in the Feasibility Study. 1.2 Public Involvement The Authority held two rounds of public meetings during preparation of the Feasibility Study.The first round of meetings was held in March 1993.These first meetings introduced the need for the project,outlined the schedule and scope of the project,presented preliminary route alignments,and gathered public input.After receiving public comment on these prelimi- nary routes,the alignments were revised to place the routes further away from the Glenn Highway and to avoid privately owned lands..The second round of public meetings was held in June 1993.Information was presented on the status of the Feasibility Study,the revised route alignments,land status and ownership,and electromagnetic fields.Public meetings were held in Sutton,Chickaloon,Glacier View,Glennallen and Valdez.The meetings were generally well attended and the public actively participated in the discussion.Comment sheets were provided to gather public input.Meeting summaries are provided in Appendix A. R.W.Beck and Dames &Moore,as consultants for the Authority,met with regulatory agencies in March 1993 to provide preliminary information on possible intertie corridor align- ments and to gather information from the agencies on sensitive resource areas and issues to be CopperValley :12023-032-020 1-1 18November93 considered during the Feasibility Study.Agencies attending the meeting included the Matanuska- Susitna Borough,U.S.Fish &Wildlife Service (USFWS),U.S.Army Corps of Engineers (COE), Alaska Department of Fish &Game (ADF&G),Alaska Department of Environmental Conserva- tion (ADEC),and the State's Office of History and Archaeology (SOHA).A summary of this meeting is included in Appendix A. 1.3 Issues Identified The major issues identified by the public were the potential adverse aesthetic impact of "the project and concerns about the health impacts of electromagnetic fields (EMF).Another major issue was the belief that this project was not the best alternative for providing power to CVEA and that more effort needed to be put into researching alternatives.Negative impacts cited included a potential impact on recreational users of the area (e.g.,hunters,hikers,and rafters),economic impacts on tourism-dependent businesses,environmental impacts on wetlands and wildlife,a decreased quality of life for area residents,increased access resulting in increased pressure on resources for hunting and recreation,impacts of construction in areas with bark beetle infestation,and impacts on small airplane landing strips.Positive impacts mentioned were the potential for economic growth spurred by lower electric rates,air quality benefits from reducing dependence upon diesel generators and potential economic benefits for the Copper River Valley- institutions,residents and businesses within the CVEA service area. Approximately 80 letters and comment sheets had been received from the public at the time of this report.Approximately 35%of the letters received expressed concerns regarding potential negative impacts on the scenic nature of the Matanuska Valley.Concerns about EMF, a diminished quality of life,and the belief that this was not the best alternative to meet CVEA's ' needs were expressed in 30%of the letters.Negative impacts on recreation and the businesses dependent on recreational tourism were cited in 16%of the letters.The potential for increased access to backcountry areas and the resulting pressures on popular hunting and recreation areas was mentioned in about 10%of the letters.Approximately 16%of the letters received supported the project and cited the positive economic benefits to the Copper River basin area.Letters received are included as Appendix B.: In addition to letters from the general public,resolutions regarding the project were received from the Greater Sutton Chamber of Commerce,the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly,the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Planning Commission,the Sutton Community Council,the Chickaloon Community Council,the Glacier View Community Council,and the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council,and the Copper Valley School District.These resolu- tions are attached as Appendix C. Issues raised at the agency meeting included measures to be taken to avoid impacts on raptors (USFWS);measures to be taken to minimize impacts on trumpeter swans,caribou,dall sheep and moose (ADF&G);impacts on trails and recreational users (Matanuska-Susitna Borough);wetlands permitting requirements (COE);and impacts on historic and archaeologic sites (SOHA). CopperValley12023-032-020 1-2 18November93 1.4 Permits Construction of a transmission line along the proposed corridors would require permits from local,state and federal agencies.The Matanuska-Susitna Borough regulates land use in the Sutton,Chickaloon and Glacier View areas.A Conditional Use Permit is required from the Matanuska-Susitna Planning Commission for construction of a transmission line in the Chicka- loon Special Land Use District.Similar regulations are being considered in the Glacier View area.The Matanuska-Susitna Borough could also require land use permits and utility permits for any use of Borough lands.State permits that may be required include a Fish Habitat (Title 16) permit from ADF&G if structures would be placed below the ordinary high water line or if equipment crosses anadromous fish streams for project access;an Alaska Department of Trans- portation &Public Facilities (ADOT&PF)utility permit if the line would impact the right-of-way of the Glenn Highway;and a right-of-way permit and land use permit from the Alaska Depart- ment of Natural Resources (ADNR)for construction of the project on state lands.Written approval is required for slash burning during construction.If over 40 acres are to be cleared during the life of the project,the burn would be regulated by ADEC.If less than 40 acres are to be cleared,the burn would be regulated by ADNR,Division of Forestry.In either case,a burn plan would need to be submitted to the regulating agency prior to any burning.A federal COEpermitcouldberequiredforconstructioninwetlandsundertheCleanWaterAct(Section 404), in which case ADEC would issue the related Water Quality Certification.A right-of-way permit would also be required from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM)for crossing federal lands. If a federal permit (COE or BLM)is required,the project would also have to be in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act,which would likely require an archaeological survey of the proposed route. CopperValley12023-032-020 1-3 18November93 CHAPTER 2 -AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 2.0 Introduction This section provides information on topography,geology,soils,water resources,aquatic resources,wildlife,wetlands,land use,community characteristics,and recreation and visual resources in the project area.The project area is in southcentral Alaska and includes portions of the Matanuska Valley,the Talkeetna Mountains,and the Copper River Valley.The informa- tion included in this report was derived from state and federal published reports and maps,as well as reconnaissance-level field observations and conversations with relevant federal,state and local staff representatives.A complete bibliography is included in Chapter 4. 2.1 Topography Southcentral Alaska in the project vicinity consists of broad valleys,forested areas and mountainous terrain.The western project area includes the Talkeetna Mountains with steep topography and elevations ranging up to 6000 feet near the project area.At higher elevations, low alpine vegetation is interspersed with extensive rocky areas.The tree line in the western project area typically occurs near 1,500 feet in elevation.The eastern project area,across the Copper River Valley,is relatively flat consisting largely of black spruce bog.Numerous lakes, rivers,and streams are present.Ground surface elevations along the proposed routes range from 500 feet to over 4,000 feet,crossing broad ridges and low passes in the Talkeetna Mountains as well as the flatter area in the Copper River Valley at the eastern end of the alignments. 2.2 Geology/Soils The general geology of southcentral Alaska,including the Matanuska and Copper River Valley areas are dominated by two principal geologic environments:complex bedrock geology and a more recent glacially derived geology.The bedrock consists of complexly folded and faulted igneous and metamorphic rocks of mostly Mesozoic age.Structural lineaments in the bedrock trend northeast to southwest with surface drainage patterns strongly controlled by faulting and jointing in the bedrock. The proposed alignments cross broad ridges and low passes in the Talkeetna Mountains, colluvium and benched glacial deposits on valley walls,steep narrow alluvial valleys and Quaternary deposits in the broad Matanuska Valley.The regional geology is very complex.The alignments generally lie between the Caribou and Border Ranges faults.The area has been subjected to numerous episodes of glaciation,metamorphism,vulcanism,intrusion,uplift,erosion, and deposition of clastic and marine sediments in structural basins formed by subduction thrust CopperValley12023-032-020 2-1 18November93 faulting,local wrench faulting and folding.Rock types in the area include a wide variety of diabase,basalt,dacite,andesite,rhyolite,tuff,amphibolite,shale,marble,limestone,conglom- erate,sandstone,siltstone,mudstone,claystone and coal. Unconsolidated surficial deposits include glacial,colluvial,alluvial and lacustrian sediments.Rock outcrops and shallow bedrock covered by a thin mantle of rocky colluvium occur on the mountain slopes at the mid to higher elevations in the Talkeetna Mountains.Thick colluvium and steep narrow alluvial valleys characterize the recent sediments in the mountainous drainages where rock glaciers and landslides are common in the area.The lower valley sides and bottoms are typically covered with glacial deposits and modern alluvium.Glacial deposits consist of moraines,outwashes,and terraced benches.Recent lacustrian deposits can locally be hundreds of feet thick where lakes formed by glacier dams once occurred. Active landslides,avalanches and permafrost are other geotechnical concerns along the proposed alignments.Snow avalanches commonly occur in mountainous terrain in steep gullies and on steep open slopes.Ridges,rock outcrops,and terraces often form natural barriers to avalanches.Avalanches tend to occur on smooth,straight to convex slopes which range in slope angles from approximately 20 to 65°.Rough,rocky and heavily forested slopes help provide stability to avalanche prone areas.Leeward slopes usually receive more deposited snow and are more dangerous than the scoured windward slopes.South-facing slopes are typically less dangerous than north-facing slopes during the winter,but become more dangerous during the spring when wet-snow avalanches are more likely to occur. The project area lies in the discontinuous permafrost zone.Relatively warm permafrost can be expected to be nearly continuous in sheltered,higher elevation areas,particularly on north- facing slopes.Sparse,dwarf black spruce vegetation provides an indication of permafrost.On southern exposures and at lower elevations,the permafrost may be mostly absent but highly variable and locally sporadic.Near-surface permafrost is generally not expected to occur in the project area in the low,modern,alluvial valley bottoms. The southern alignment traverses soils which are predominantly alluvial and glacial and not frozen in the Matanuska Valley.As it extends up the Hicks Creek Valley,alluvial and glacial soils are expected to become narrower and thinner.Rock outcrops and moderately thin to.less steep,moderately thick colluvial soils are expected on narrow valley walls.Thicker colluvial soils are expected on the broader valley sides of Caribou and Squaw Creeks,and glacial and alluvial soils are expected along the lower reaches of Caribou and Squaw Creeks.The _colluvial soils may be locally sporadically frozen on southern exposures,discontinuously frozen on lower northern exposures and frozen at higher protected elevations.East of Syncline Mountain,soils are expected to be predominantly glacial and lacustrian and range from being discontinuously frozen to relatively warm ice-rich permafrost.Alluvial soils are likely to be encountered along the Tolsona Creek drainage and near the Tazlina River at the eastern end of the route. The northern alignment heads northeast from the Matanuska Valley to near Boulder CreekFlatsandcontinuesupBoulderCreekValleyoverChitnaPass.Alluvial and glacial soils are expected to become narrower and thinner up valley.Moderately thin to steeper thin colluvial CopperValliey12023-032-020 2-2 18November93 soils and rock outcrops are expected on the narrow valley walls.The colluvial soils may be locally sporadically frozen on southern exposures to discontinuously frozen on the northern exposures.Colluvial,alluvial,and glacial soils should thicken down Chitna and Caribou Creeks and thin up Alfred and Pass Creeks.Rock outcrops are expected at various locations along this portion of the alignment.The colluvial soils may be frozen at the higher protected elevations, discontinuously frozen on lower northern exposures,and locally sporadically frozen on southern exposures.From Pass Creek to Old Man Creek there are fewer rock outcrops,thicker colluvial soils,and glacial and lacustrian soils which are expected to be generally frozen.The alignment then extends over a low broad ridge and down the northeastern flank of Syncline Mountain. Fewer rock outcrops,thicker colluvial soils,and glacial and lacustrian soils are expected to be generally frozen down this portion of the alignment.From Moose Lake eastward,the soils are generally expected to be glacial and lacustrian with alluvial soils likely to be encountered along the Tolsona Creek drainage and near the Tazlina River at the eastern end of the route.In general,there is a shallow permafrost layer throughout this area. 2.3 Wetlands/Vegetation 2.3.1 Wetlands/Vegetation Wetlands within the Matanuska River and Copper River drainages have been delineated by the USFWS National Wetlands Inventory Program with the exception of a small section in the Kings River drainage and a larger section west of the Nelchina River and east of Crooked Creek.This later section was delineated using high altitude air photos (scale 1:62,750)to locate potential wetland and upland areas without the aid of ground truthing.To ensure that all wetlands are located and to determine the exact extent of the wetlands impacted,ground truthing would be required during the permitting process. . The classification system used by the USFWS follows Corwardin et al.(1979)and defines wetlands according to ecological characteristics and not according to regulatory guidelines of the COE.Therefore,not all wetland types mapped by the USFWS and shown on Figure 2.3-1 come under jurisdiction of the Clean Water Act (Section 404). Wetland types along the proposed transmission corridor alignments include palustrine wetlands,freshwater wetlands dominated by woody plants or emergents and shallow ponds;and . riverine wetlands,areas contained within the outer limits of river or stream channels.Lake habitat is crossed only by the northern route alignment segments at one location,a small lake about four miles east of Lake Louise Road.After the two alignments merge,north of mile 167 of the Glenn Highway,the route alignment passes near two large lakes;Mud Lake,located two miles east of Tolsona Creek and Moose Lake,just west of Tolsona Creek.Small ponds are scattered throughout the project area and may be crossed depending upon final alignments. The predominant palustrine wetland types along the routes include saturated shrub bogs, forested wetlands,and seasonally flooded shrub wetland adjacent to rivers and streams.Some small ponds within wetland complexes may be encountered but this would depend on the exact CopperValley12023-032-020 2-3 18November93 alignment of the corridor.Distribution of major wetland and upland habitat types along routes are presented in Figure 2.3-1 and Table 2.3-1. Over 90 percent of the palustrine wetland areas intersected on the route segments are in areas of low relief in the Copper River basin east of Slide Mountain.This is largely a function of the permafrost which occurs irregularly in portions of the Copper River Valley and prevents downward movement of water and resultsin saturated soils over these areas during the growingseason. The palustrine saturated shrub bog (PSS1B,PSS1/EM1B)is the typical wetland type encountered along the proposed alignments and is the most common wetland type in the region. The common species associated with this wetland type in this region include sweet gale (Myrica gale),thin-leaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia),dwarf birch (Betula nana),stunted black spruce (Picea mariana),Labrador tea (Ledum decumbens),shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruiticosa),bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum),lowbush cranberry (CV.vitis-idaea),black crowberry (Empe- trum nigrum),bog rosemary (Andromeda sp.)and several species of willow (Salix spp.).Shrub birch (B.glandulosa)and stunted black spruce (Picea mariana)are also prominent components of shrub bogs.Emergent species include several species of sedge (Carex spp.),cottongrass (Eriophorium spp.),bluejoint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis),swamp horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile)and several types of sphagnum moss (Sphagnum spp.).These wetlands functionprimarilyaswildlifehabitatandfoodchainsupport(biomass production). Seasonally flooded and temporarily flooded shrub wetland habitats (PSS1/EMIC and PSS1C)occur along old bars of rivers and streams corridors which have stabilized enough to support woody plants.These wetlands are found in areas within the floodplains of the rivers and small streams along the alignments.Typical vegetation includes thin-leaf alder and several willow species (Salix spp.)with undergrowth of bluejoint grass,swamp horsetail,marsh cinque- foil (Potentilla palustris)and nagoon berry (Rubus arcticus).Stunted black spruce (Picea mariana)may also occur on the higher terraces in small amounts.These wetlands have a high functional value as wildlife habitat for furbearers,black bear and moose. Saturated black spruce bogs (PSS4/1B,PFO4/1B,PFO4B and PFO4/SS1B)are another common wetland type encountered along the routes.These areas are typically open black spruce forests with an understory of deciduous shrubs similar to scrub bog areas.This type of wetland is extensive along the eastern portions of the route alignments in the Copper River basin.The functional value of these wetlands is primarily wildlife habitat.They are used by moose in the winter and spring and by caribou during the winter. The major riverine habitats (R3SBC,R3FLC,R30WH)which will be crossed by the route alignments include the Granite Creek,Kings River,Chickaloon River,Boulder Creek and the Little Nelchina River.Approximately 65 smaller streams of a wide range of physical characteris- tics intersect the route alignments.The final number could be significantly less depending on the final alignment.These areas have high functional value and are primarily used as fish habitat (for fish passage to spawning and nursery areas),wildlife habitat for furbearers,and feeding areas for bears.These systems also function to maintain surface and groundwater regimes. CopperValley12023-032-020 .2-4 18November93 aieBe oN ase EW:[geo t ed a). K +Wig Fs aa ggee oT. MOOSE WIKQER'CONAV. S GesAp)fa a fe 0 @INGAAS MAP-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LEGEND wpa fT -_, MAP-4 Fel MOOSE HABITATMAP=11 [-Bennatten oe CARIBOU HABITATwaP-10 MAP ?: MAP-2 MAP-3 TRUMPETER SWAN NESTING AREA WATERFOWL HABITAT ANADROMOUS FISHSTREAMS PLS: atSoLAympele DALL SHEEP HABITAT =ACAKone PALUSTRINE WETLANDS + LACUSTRINE WETLANDS =ig 1 RIVERINE WETLANDS APYROTOMATESCAN1MELE MINERAL LICK DALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE | FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.3-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MAP-1 OF 11 MAPS SEPTEMBER 1993 DAMES &MOORE ra > B ww ante Lake \/” g {ZaAORRRKE ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LEGEND . ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE{waa rt moose naomar px.PALUSTRINE WETLANDS +FEASIBILITY STUDYwet"eb ant rene CARIBOU HABITAT oF LACUSTRINE WETLANDS[7 jennaiien LAs ts .-L |eu on ' APPROMMATE SCALE IN MES FIGURE 2.3-1 uMap-7 oe DALL SHEEP HABITAT R Coren RIVERINE WETLANOS,ENVIRONMENTAL-KorteYo RESOURCESPETERSWAN wis dem este Anca e MINERAL LICK MAP-2 OF 11 MAPSwap-4 V4,fom @.WATERFOWL meeeeene --_DALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA SEPTEMBER 1993oer,.:ates me MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA DAMES &MOORElegeANADROMOUSFISH.STREAMS mee omen mest |WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA ORE|marae a mms ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS ieSuttonWAP=1 -en GYD oa tk.F 3 >as x \ Mia SeMike oN t Yy Beene ;5 CHip <Mike TIT SS pen eS ON aDSis F (aa)FOSS Wec (oe Wo aieed are s (C=i wh an:1 r 4 v da S We (% __DALL SHEEP DIS FNS DMA ¢ .-wu Ty ;(AR iS SPY '2iaSsiSiSpene!TritppeooefiUNMIS NTMAP-7, MAP-10 MAP 2| Sutton MAP-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOUACES LEGEND MOOSE HABITAT PtrPLS,PALUSTRINE WETLANDS CARIBOU HABITAT Ls.LACUSTRINE WETLANDSots DALL SHEEP HABITAT =AC.RIVERINE WETLANDS APPRORMAATE SCALE OLED ietakn TRUMPETER SWAN NESTING AREA e@ MINERAL LICK WATERFOWL HABITAT ANADROMOUS FISHSTREAMS DALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS, ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.3-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MAP-3 OF 11 MAPS SEPTEMBER 1993 DAMES &MOORE aea)NSPorNSp) iA ay AI i ANsatih FOP LEI NER MAP INDEX ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LEGEND ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY MOOSE HABITAT ">COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE{a we R f*Pode PMUSTRINEWETANOS +FEASIBILITY STUDY ae ennaien oe CARIBOU HABITAT L<SA.LACUSTRINE WETLANDS 1 /MAP=10 -.FIGURE 2.2-1mrsusp_7 Fed DALL SHEEP HABITAT RAahs RIVERINE WETLANDS APIROIGMAT SCAAK ON MOLES ENVIRONMENTAL 2 TRUMPETER RESOUR4MAP-6 NESTING AREA @ MINERAL LICK MAP URCES.MAP-4/"AP=5 WATERFOWL eee eee - DALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA ,JAP-4 OF 11 MAPSHABITAT:SEPTEMBER 1993 +nate ANADROMOUS FISH" -MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA DAMES &MOORE wap-2 uap-3 STREAMS wm omen ems |WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA ,om,tion MAP-1 cummenmmemenst ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS CEN vilejon_. 1 .' |ans co ' ;. PHS nf 4S TAL WY 57 UES ANY NAREAOSAeOSBs(2 5 UGE SWS A iS CASS 'EF =oy Z =\(Cie Ke < vi a7 > Ly A 27 X (f iy \ye,., 7 sy)g ::WES (aesmy[.ZL VeitPWS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LEGEND ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY . ;COPPER VALLEY INTERTIEMOOSEHABITATA$f -wae R f Pct -PAUSTRINGWETIANDS t FEASIBILITY STUDY z Cy an Z onHemnatensofCARIBOUHABITATran LACUSTRINE WETLANDS 1-_fl uarm10 Line Cet FIGURE 2.3-1Wawap-7 Fed DALLSHEEP HABITAT =QAO.RIVERINE WETLANOS APIRORMATE SCAUWERES ENVIRONMENTAL TRUMPETER SWAN RESOURCESnamieUAP-6 dam NESTING AREA @ MINERAL UCK MAP-5 OF 11 MAPSwars/|We WATERFOWL -------e--DAL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA SEPTEMBER 1993 hegee ANAOROMOUS FISH "TTT MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA DAMES &MOORE *wap-2 Map-3 STREAMS wwe ees mes |WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA ,. wmewmmmmemes «ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS ;Vile Sulton MAP-1 ED wars (fos } Ds AN |vatUCCAILSPh 70s-Vs v Ipys +:2.roe Gt. Jitis Hy g sisa6 fr AiALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIEPALOSTRINEWETLANOStFEASIBILITYSTUDY CARIBOU HABITAT WETUAN!aa en on Line's Meusranewenanes 3 FIGURE 2.3-1hanusp-7 oe OALL SHEEP HABITAT RAS AIVERINE WETLANDS (APPROTMATE SCALE WH MMALS ENVIRONMENTAL 2 ™RESOURCE!]__MAP-6 nesting atven e ven Maps OF:11 MAPSwap-4VA APS waoner +--ee.OALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA SEPTEMBER 1993-some me = MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA DAMES &MOOREhagumeANADROMOUSFISHSTREAMSmeeemmessWATERFOWLCONCENTRATIONAREA:MAP-2 MAP-3 f W.iSZattonMAP=1 .Le wmnemmmmmmes ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS X., ISPERSE P.pee POSoraayHines "m2 ,o4 au ,yale,aopwNSG\ 2 \ } ;c-' PgHATERFOWLPx Teaie. ttn,aly WAP=8 wap-9 /|---WAP-107MAP.7oY MAP-6. -5 AA MAP 2 wwtset MaPp-3 rel DALL SHEEP HABITAT ]TRUMPETER SWAN NESTING AREA WATERFOWL HABITAT ANADROMOUS FISHhetmmSTREAMSSs PALUSTRINE WETLANDS.:t LACUSTRINE WETLANDS RIVERINE WETLANDS MINERAL UCK OALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS APPROXOMATE SCALE IN MOLES ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.3-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MAP-7 OF 11 MAPS SEPTEMBER 1993 DAMES &MOORE anS\.xHU ie ACS .4 *, | {»me Sf Was;-*.' Fry :io Aan ee ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LEGEND ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY : MOOSE HABITAT at COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE{wes Pros R f Pat PMUSTRINEWETIANOS t FEASIBILITY STUDYMAP-6 <3 -T Jeonetion ene CARIBOU HABITAT Los LACUSTRINE WETLANDS 1/L-MAP=10 'ae ens FIGURE 2.3-T : C7 uap-7 Fed DALL SHEEP HABITAT RAS RIVERINE WETLANDS APPRORIMATS SEALE WH ES ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE[Ge Li jRumperenswan MINERAL LICK CES MAP-4 AP =§WATERFOWL DALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA ,MAP-6 OF "1 MAPSHABITATans PTEMBER 1993pjhagaANADROMOUSFISH-seme me MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA DAMES &MOORE Map-2 uap-3 STREAMS jams een mess WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA CmEtonMAP1'ewes =ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS ay Bi oowt°aySEV2 AS: ' avCe Uap-4 MAP. MAP-7 MaP-2 "ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LEGEND ret MOOSE HABITAT abPA.we ©CARIBOU HABITAT PekonLAS: DALL SHEEP HABITAT FQ 5,o honendio! 1 TRUMPETER SWAN eNESTINGAREAWATERFOWLmisemeeen ee HABITAT ANADROMOUS FISHhemeSTREAMSs PALUSTRINE WETLANOS LACUSTRINE WETLANDS RIVERINE WETLANDS MINERAL UCK OALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA ©WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS APPROXIMATE SCALE4HOLES ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.3-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MAP-9 OF 11 MAPS SEPTEMBER 1993 DAMES &MOORE 8s aay MAP INDEX onMAP-11 ennatten MAP-7 MAP-2 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LEGEND nr MOOSE HABITAToeCARIBOUHABITAT PLS, oe DALL SHEEP HABITAT FO.kori l TRUMPETER SWAN NESTING AREA WATERFOWL HABITAT haggpe ANADROMOUS FISHSTREAMS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIEPALUSTRINEWETLANDS ;;FEASI BILITY STU DY LACUSTRINE WETLANDS 2 FIGURE 2.3-1RIVERINEWETLANDSorienENVIRONMENTALMINERALUKRESOURCES MAP-10 OF 11 MAPS SEPTEMBER 1993 DALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA DAMES &MOORE WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA a w.ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS \\ioulliad -EE) % ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY MAP=10 MAP-11 lennaiten MAP--7) MAP-6 MAP-2 wes LNtopA MAP-3|Sutton MAP-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES LEGEND MOOSE HABITAT CARIBOU HABITAT DALL SHEEP HABITAT TRUMPETER SWAN NESTING AREA WATERFOWL HABITAT ANADROM ienatsIOUSFISH =e'PALUSTRINE WETLANDS LACUSTRINE WETLANDS ' RIVERINE WETLANDS (APPROTOMATE SCALEWHMOLES MINERAL LICK DALL SHEEP CONCENTRATION AREA MOOSE CONCENTRATION AREA WATERFOWL CONCENTRATION AREA ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.3-1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MAP-11 OF 11 MAPS SEPTEMBER 1993 DAMES &MOORE QR Table 2.3-1 Description of Major Wetland Classes Found Along Proposed Alignments Wetland System Wetland Description Dominant Species Palustrine Saturated,persistent emergent marsh generally on peat soils Cottongrass Sedges Buckbean Sphagnum PEMIC Seasonally flooded,persistent marsh,usually along floodplain of small streams or ponds Sitka Sedge Beaked Sedge Water horsetail PEMIF Semipermanently flooded persistent marsh usually along ponds or lake margins Water sedge Pond Lily Water horsetail PEM1/SS1A Temporarily flooded broad-leaf deciduous shrub bog.Bluejoint Sedges Willows Thinleaf alder PEM1/SS1B PSS1/EM1B PSS4/EM1B Saturated broad-leaf deciduous shrub bog or stunted black spruce shrub bog with emergent vegetation Thinleaf alder Dwarf birch Labrador tea Bog blueberry Black spruce Willow PSS1/FO4B PFO4/SS1B PFO4/SS4B Saturated needle-leaf evergreen bog with deciduous shrub or stunted evergreen shrub understory Black spruce Dwarf birch Blueberry Cloudberry PFO4/SS1A Temporarily flooded areas on river floodplains with open canopy needle-leaf evergreen trees and deciduous shrubs Black spruce Thinleaf alder Horsetail Bluejoint PFO4B Saturated needle-leaf ever-green forest often occurring as fringe bordering uplands or "islands"in pattern bogs Black spruce Sweet gale Labrador tea Sedges Marsh cinquefoil Black Cottonwood PFO4/EM1B PEM1/FO4B Saturated needle-leaf evergreen forest with emergent ground layer Black spruce Sweet gale Sedge Horsetail Marsh Cinquefoil CopperValley 12023-032-020 18November93 Table 2.3-1 Description of Major Wetland Classes Found Along Proposed Alignmentsa Wetland NWI Dominant System Class Wetland Description Species PAB3H Small permanently flooded ponds with rooted vegetation |Water sedge Pond lily POWH Small permanently flooded ponds with unknown bottom |Not vegetated type Lacustrine LIOWH Permanently flooded large lake with unknown bottom Not vegetated .type L2AB3H Permanently flooded shallow lake with rooted vascular Water sedge plants Pond lily Riverine R3FLC Seasonally flooded river flats and bars Not vegetated or less than 30% shrub cover R30WH Permanently flooded,perennial stream with unknown Not vegetated substrate ;(flowing water) R3SBC ,Seasonally flooded,perennial stream bed,braided stream |Not vegetated orcomplexes;less than 30% shrub cover Source:USFWS (1985),Vierick et al.(1982),Hall (1991) CopperValley12023-032-020 '2-6 18November93 Small ponds of less than two acres could be encountered along the routes depending on the final alignment.These wetland types are generally a complex of open water and emergent and shrub bog habitats (POWH,PEM1,PEM1/SS1).The primary function of these areas is for wildlife habitat and waterfowl nesting and brood rearing. Much of the western portions of the proposed alignments are within the Matanuska Valley Moose Range and activities are subject to wetland buffer guidelines.Buffer widths for all wetlands are set at 100 feet landward of the wetlands edge and should be adjusted to reduce | potentially adverse impacts on wetlands from development on side slopes.Buffers are also recommended along streams (200 feet from each side for anadromous fish streams and encom- passing the riparian vegetation or 100 feet if no anadromous fish present).Lake buffers should be 200 feet for lakes up to five acres,300 feet for lakes 5 -100 acres and 400 feet for lakes larger than 100 acres.Buffer widths should be increased 25%for slopes 20-40%and increased 50%for slopes over 40%. Activities allowed within wetland and lakeshore buffers include access to wetlands for utility lines such as powerlines as approved by ADF&G and ADNR.Utility systems should not be located so they parallel wetlands or lake shorelines.Power lines should cross streams in a perpendicular fashion to the extent feasible and prudent. Non-wetland vegetative communities making up the project area are fairly diverse.In the lowland areas of the Matanuska Valley bottomland spruce-poplar forests persist.Plant species common in this relatively dense forest system include white spruce (Picea gluaca),black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp.trichocarpa),balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera),quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)and paper birch (Betula papyifera spp. humilis).At higher elevations in the Matanuska Valley upland spruce-hardwood forests persist. Upland spruce-hardwood forests consist of basically the same tree species as the bottomland spruce-poplar forest though are less dense and are shorter in stature.In the alpine areas above the spruce-hardwood forests,alpine tundra and barren rock communities dominate.Alpine tundra communities sustain many of the species found in the moist tundra community that persists on the eastern slopes of the Talkeetna Mountains and to the area east and south of Lake Louise in the Copper Basin.These tundra communities are variable in composition and include species such as dwarf birch (Betula nana ssp.exilis),willow (Salix spp.),green alder (Alnus crispa ssp. crispa),blueberry (Vaccinium spp),cottongrass (Eriophorum spp.),sedges (Carex spp.),and a variety of wild flowers,mosses and lichens.Across the remainder of the Copper Basin,lowland spruce-hardwood forest persists.In the Copper Basin the lowland spruce-hardwood community is an open forest system of evergreen and deciduous trees,including pure stands of black spruce. Willows and other brush species are also abundant in the lowland spruce-hardwood forests. The 1990 Forest Resource Practices Act requires the salvage of certain cleared timber and requires that any white spruce trees cleared during construction activities must be either removed for salvage/sale or treated onsite in order to prevent the spread of bark beetles.This treatment may take the form of controlled buming,chipping or effective crushing by clearing equipment. Before approving significant land clearing actions,ADNR determines whether the timber is worth salvaging and adopts appropriate salvage methods.In general,salvage of cleared timber will be required wherever environmental and economic efficiency can be achieved.ADNR determination CopperValley 12023-032-020 2-7 18November93 is based on a transactional evidence appraisal method which compares the project to other projects of similar size,access conditions and forest types over the-five previous years.Spruce trees,not found to meet these criteria must be treated onsite.Other hardwood trees or deciduous trees may be piled to decompose or left scattered on the ground. 2.3.2 Threatened or Endangered Species According to Robert Lipkin,botanist with the Alaska Natural Heritage Foundation,there are no plant species listed on the Federal Threatened &Endangered Plant Species List within the project study area.However,Taraxcium carneocoloratum,a pinkish colored dandelion found in the vicinity of Bonnie Lake,is listed by the USFWS as a "Category 2"plant.A "Category 2” listing means that the USFWS considers the plant rare enough to list it as a candidate threatened and endangered species but that more data must be gathered regarding the occurrence:and distribution of the plant before its status could be elevated to "Category 1"designation."Cate- gory 1"candidate plants are awaiting congressional decision as to their inclusion on the Federal Threatened &Endangered Plant Species List. 2.4 Water Resources 2.4.1 Climatic Setting The route alignments begin in an area which lies in the state's Transitional Climatic Zone and end in the state's Continental Climatic Zone.The Transitional zone is influenced by Cook Inlet and is dominated by cool summers,moderate winters,and a high incidence of cloudiness and rainfall.The climate becomes progressively less moderate as the distance from Cook Inlet increases.The Continental zone is less moderate with more extreme temperatures and varying rainfall from moderate to high amounts in upper elevations to less rainfall in the basins.The variety of terrain traversed by the proposed alignments leads to the probabilityof encountering microclimates where temperature,precipitation and/or winds differ significantly from the general project area. 2.4.2 Surface Water Numerous lakes,creeks,rivers,and muskegs (swamps,bogs)are situated in the vicinity of the proposed alignments.Major lakes include Ruby Lake,Fish Lake,Bonnie Lake,Long Lake,Rush Lake,Index Lake,Tahneta Lake,Snowshoe Lake,Nickoli Lake,Moose Lake, Tolsona Lake and Old Man Lake.These lakes range from less than one square mile to greater than two square miles in size.Lakes along the routes range in elevation from approximately 500 feet above sea level to 6,000 feet above sea level.One small lakes is crossed by the northern alignment as discussed in Section 2.3.1.Small ponds are scattered throughout the project area and may be crossed depending upon the final alignment of the transmission line. CopperValley12023-032-020 2-8 18November93 Larger named creeks and rivers along the route include Granite Creek,Kings River, Chickaloon River,Boulder Creek,Hicks Creek,Caribou Creek,Alfred Creek,and Squaw Creek. The proposed alignments also cross many small tributary drainages to the larger creeks. Stream gradients along the route alignments vary widely and may range from 10 to 1,000 feet per mile.In large valleys,the tributary gradients decrease abruptly once the main valley floor is reached.Erosional environments resulting from high gradients and subsequent high stream velocities occur in the upper tributaries to the major drainages.Depositional environments are also commonly found in both the lower tributaries and the main streams. 2.4.3 Hydrology The surface hydrology of southcentral Alaska and the project area is dominated by the occurrence of high seasonal precipitation and spring snow melt.Stream and river flow character- istics are typified by peaks occurring in winter and spring as a result of rainfall runoff,snowmelt from higher elevations,and rain or snow events.Low flows occur between June and September. Baseflows are maintained during the dryer months by limited ground-water contribution to streams. Precipitation supplies surface water to local streams and rivers in two methods:direct runoff and base flow.Direct runoff is directly associated with rain and snowmelt which forms the bulk of the stream and river flow.Base flow or runoff represents the sustained flow during dryer conditions and originates as water percolated into the ground-water system or which was retained in the soil or alluvial materials. The combination of steep slopes,heavy precipitation,and limited water-holding capacity of the watershed results in rapid rise and fall of hydrographs,and fairly uneven flow characteris tics.This is especially true of streams and rivers without lakes in their watersheds. 2.4.4 Water Quality In general,surface water quality in streams,lakes,and rivers in the project area can be considered very good,closely reflecting precipitation quality.Most surface water has short residence time in watersheds,and is derived from recent precipitation,short-term storage in the snow pack,or in shallow ground-water reservoirs in surficial sediments.This conclusion is evidenced by watershed information,such as steepness of the terrain tending to cause rapid runoff,low permeability bedrock near the ground surface with little ground-water storage (except where large fracture systems are present)and minimal concentrating effects of evaporation,due to low evapotranspiration relative to local precipitation (Patric and Black,1968).Since the residence time of water is short,the chemical composition of precipitation has little time to be affected or modified by geochemical interactions and concentrating effects. CopperValley 12023-032-020 2-9 18November93 Sediment is water-transported earth material transported as either suspended load or bedload.Sediment content in the project area is generally high due to the glacial influence on the streams. 2.4.5 Groundwater Groundwater supplies in the area are limited,and occur in shallow alluvial and glacial sediments in river and stream valleys,and in fractured bedrock.| 2.4.6 Water Use Water use in the project area is mainly recreational and residential use. 2.5 Aquatic Ecology The project area falls in two major watersheds;the Matanuska Valley drainage and the western portion of the Copper River Valley drainage area.The region has recreational (sport) fisheries resources,and to a limited extent subsistence fisheries resources.The common sport and subsistence fish species harvested are presented in Table 2.5-1. Table 2.5-2 and Figure 2.3-1 provide summaries of anadromous fish streams crossed or directly downstream of the potential route alignments.There are numerous other fish streams crossed by various route segments that likely support resident fish species.Resident fish species found in the study area include rainbow trout,Dolly.Varden,burbot,whitefish,Arctic grayling, longnose sucker,and sculpin.In addition to these species,the Matanuska Moose Range Management Plan lists the nine-spine stickleback,and the three-spine stickleback,as present within the Matanuska Moose Range.Discussions below focus on anadromous fish streams that are crossed or are directly downstream of the potential route alignments. CopperValley12023-032-020 2-10 18November93 Species Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Sport Xx Table 2.5-1 Commonly Harvested Sport and Subsistence Fish Subsistence . X Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) X X Xx X mykiss) Rainbow Trout &Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mim1x1xLXDolly Varden char (Salvelinus malma)Xx Anadromous Fishes.1992. Source:ADF&G,Catalog of Waters Important for Spawning,Rearing or Migration of CopperValley 12023-032-020 2-11 18November93 12023-032-020 Table 2.5-2 Anadromous Fish Streams Crossed or Directly Downstream of Potential Route Alignments : a Stream Name ADF&G Stream Crossed or Fish Route Number Downstream Usage Alignment Matanuska River 247-50-10220 Downstream |CH,S,K,n/a CO,P Eska Creek 247-50-10220-2095 |Crossed CHs Both Tributary of S.247-50-10220-2098 |Downstream j CHs,COs n/a Matanuska River Tributary of S.247-50-10220-3015 |Downstream j CHs,COs n/a Matanuska River Granite Creek 247-50-10220-2105 |Crossed P,COs,Both CHs Little Granite Creek |247-50-10220-2109 |Crossed Ks Both Tributary of N._|247-50-10220-3012 |Downstream P,COr,n/a Matanuska River Ssr,CHs Kings River 247-50-10220-2115 |Crossed CHs,Ks Both Chickaloon River 247-50-10220-2171 |Crossed CHs Both Caribou Creek 247-50-10220-2341 |Crossed CHs South Mendeltna Creek 212-20-10080-2431-|Crossed Ks,Ss Both 3142 Tolsona Creek 212-20-10080-2431-|Crossed Kr,Ss,Ks Both 3082 Durham Creek 212-20-10080-2431-|Downstream |SH n/a 3075 |Tazlina River 212-20-10080-2431 |Downstream j K,SH,S n/a Source:ADF&G,Catalog of Waters Important for Spawning,Rearing or Migration ofAnadromousFishes.1992. Legend: CH:Chum Salmon CO:Coho Salmon K:Chinook (King)Salmon P:Pink SalmonS:|Sockeye Salmon SH:Steelhead r:Rearing Area s:Spawning Area CopperValley 18November93 2.5.1 Matanuska Valley Drainage Matanuska River The Matanuska River flows westerly from its headwaters at the Matanuska Glacier to Knik Arm in Cook Inlet.The Matanuska River is used by all of the Alaskan salmon species (chinook,sockeye,coho,chum and pink salmon),as well as by resident fish species.There are numerous small,unnamed tributaries and sloughs that provide spawning and rearing habitat for sockeye,coho,and chum salmon along the entire length of the river.While no salmon are documented in the Matanuska River above its confluence with Caribou Creek,ADF&G sports fish biologists report pink salmon occurring in pools beneath the Matanuska Glacier.Although neither of the potential route alignments cross the Matanuska River,six anadromous fish streams and several non-anadromous fish streams that drain into the Matanuska are crossed by the route alignments within three miles of the Matanuska River. Eska Creek Eska Creek flows from north to south into the Matanuska River.The proposed route alignments cross the creek approximately one mile to the northwest of Matanuska Electric Association's (MEA's)O'Neill Substation west of Sutton.Chum salmon are known to spawn in this creek. Granite Creek and Little Granite Creek Both Granite and Little Granite creeks are crossed by the proposed route alignment east of Sutton near the point where the northern and southern alignments split.The northern route alignment also crosses the headwaters of Little Granite Creek.Both creeks enter the Matanuska River about three miles downstream of the route crossing.Granite Creek provides coho and chum salmon spawning habitat from approximately one half mile upstream from the Matanuska River up to the area beneath Knob Hill.Pink salmon utilize the lower reaches of Granite Creek. Chinook salmon spawn in Little Granite Creek slightly south of where the alignments cross the creek.Little Granite Creek drains into a slough of the Matanuska River where sockeye and chum salmon spawn,and where sockeye and coho salmon rearing occurs. Kings River The Kings River drainage is supplied with water from numerous streams originating in the Talkeetna Mountains and drains into the Matanuska River.The river is crossed by both the northern and the southern route alignments.The northern alignment crosses the Kings River approximately eight miles upstream from the Matanuska River and the southern alignment crosses the river about three miles upstream from the Matanuska River and parallels the Kings River for about one mile.Chinook and Chum salmon spawn in the river from three miles downstream of the northern crossing to the Matanuska River. CopperValley 12023-032-020 2-13 18November93 Chickaloon River The Chickaloon River drainage is approximately six miles to the east of the Kings River watershed and drains from the Talkeetna Mountains to the Matanuska River.The proposed route alignment crosses the Chickaloon River approximately four miles upstream from the Matanuska River near the confluence with Boulder Creek.Chum salmon use the Chickaloon River for spawning from the area where the route alignment crosses downstream to the Matanuska River. No other salmon species are listed by ADF&G in the Catalog of Waters Important to Spawning, Rearing,or Migration of Anadromous Fishes for the Chickaloon River,but the Matanuska Moose Range Management Plan lists chum and coho salmon as also being present in the Chickaloon River. Boulder Creek The Boulder Creek drainage originates beneath Chitna Pass in the Talkeetna Mountains and is supplemented by waters from East Boulder Creek draining the watershed between Boulder Mountain and Mount Monarch.Boulder Creek is crossed by the northern alignment in the Boulder Creek Flats area just west of Anthracite Ridge.This alignment closely parallels the creek for approximately 14 miles,crossing the creek three times.East Boulder Creek is also crossed by the northern alignment.The southern alignment crosses Boulder Creek approximately one mile northwest of Rush Lake.According to the Matanuska Valley Moose Range Manage- ment Plan,chum salmon occur in Boulder Creek. Caribou Creek Caribou Creek,which flows into the Matanuska River,is the easternmost anadromous fish stream crossed by the potential route alignments in the Matanuska Valley.The creek drainage is closely paralleled and then crossed by the southern route alignment between Sheep Mountain and Fortress Ridge.Chum salmon are known to spawn in the lower reaches of Caribou Creek more than ten miles downstream from where it would be crossed by the southern alignment. 2.5.2 Copper River Valley Drainage Mendeltna Creek Mendeltna Creek,which flows into the Copper River drainage via Tazlina Lake and the Tazlina River,is the westernmost anadromous fish stream crossed by the proposed alignments in the Copper River Valley drainage area.The creek is crossed by the northern alignment in the area just northeast of Nickoli Lake and crossed by the southern alignment southeast of Nickoli Lake near the Mendeltna Lodge at mile 153 of the Glenn Highway.Chinook salmon spawn in the creek from approximately one mile downstream of the area where the northern alignment crosses the stream to Tazlina Lake.Sockeye salmon and Arctic grayling also occur in Mendeltna_ Creek.Sockeye salmon are known to spawn in the creek from where the northern alignment CopperValley12023-032-020 2-14 18November93 crosses the creek upstream to Old Man Lake.The crossing of the southern alignment occurs within the sockeye salmon spawning area. Woods Creek,a small tributary three miles downstream from the southern alignment's crossing of Mendeltna Creek,supports chinook salmon rearing.East of the area where the southern alignment crosses Mendeltna Creek,Woods Creek extends north to within a mile of the southern alignment. Tolsona Creek Tolsona Creek is the easternmost anadromous fish stream crossed by the potential route alignments.The northern and southern route alignments are the same in this area.Tolsona Creek is crossed by the route alignment just northeast of Moose and Tolsona lakes around mile 170 of the Glenn Highway.The crossing occurs within an approximately four mile section of the creek used by chinook salmon for spawning.Chinook salmon rearing and sockeye salmon spawning occurs from three miles below where the alignment crosses the creek to the Tazlina River.Arctic grayling are also resident in this creek. Tazlina River The Tazlina River flows from west to east,from Tazlina Lake to the Copper River.The southern route alignment closely parallels the river within a mile from 12 miles west of Glenn- allen to the end of the route.The northern alignment joins the southern alignment approximately five miles west of Glennallen.Chinook and sockeye salmon occur in the Tazlina,as do Arctic grayling and steelhead trout. 2.6 Wildlife 2.6.1 Birds Approximately 150 bird species inhabit the Matanuska Valley and many of these same species are common to the Copper River Valley. Waterfowl Waterfowl habitats along the proposed route alignments are located in the many lakes and ponds along the lower elevations of the Matanuska Valley and in the Copper River Valley.Both areas are also used as migration corridors for waterfowl in the spring and fall. Small ponds and lakes scattered throughout the Matanuska Valley provide nesting habitat for waterfowl species.These areas would not likely be intersected by either route alignment. CopperValley 12023-032-020 2-15 18November93 The Copper River basin,with its many lakes and small ponds,supports dispersed waterfowl nesting and brood rearing throughout the lowland areas from the Talkeetna Mountains to Glennallen.Common waterfowl species found in this area include diving ducks such as the Greater and Lesser Scaup,and dabbleres such as the Green-winged Teal,American Wigeon and Mallards.Wetland complexes along Mendeltna Creek,east of Slide Mountain near Tazlina Lodge,are used as a spring and fall concentration area for waterfowl and will be crossed by both potential route alignments. The trumpeter swan,a species of concern,nests throughout much of the Copper River Valley and has been documented to nest in areas near Mendeltna Creek.Trumpeter swan nesting occurs in the immediate vicinity of the route alignments near Mud Lake about 13 miles west of Glennallen.Known trumpeter swan nesting also occurs near Moose Creek and the Lake Louise Road,both within one mile of the proposed route alignments.Trumpeter swans could be encountered on other small lakes in this region since nesting concentrations occur in much of the area just to the north of the route.These swans are particularly vulnerable to collisions with powerlines and this is a major cause of death in this species.According to Dennis Gnath,an ADF&G habitat biologist,trumpeter swan nesting areas are not legislatively protected by a "Critical Habitat Area Designation"nor are they on the Federal Endangered Species List. However,the nesting habitat areas across the Copper Basin are considered "Documented High Value Trumpeter Swan Nesting and Concentration Areas"by the Copper River Basin Area Plan, and as such are managed to protect the nesting habitats of trumpeter swans.Restrictions listed in the Copper River Basin Area Plan are discussed further in Section 2.7.2. Raptors Bald and golden eagles and their nests are protected under the Bald Eagle Protection Act. A raptor nest has been identified along lower Granite Creek approximately 1-2 miles south of the first section of the proposed route alignment but it has not been documented as an eagle nest. According to raptor specialists with the USFWS,no eagle nests have been documented in the immediate vicinity of the potential route alignments.However,there is the possibility of encountering a nest along the larger rivers,so a survey of potential habitat may be necessary to check for active nests.Restrictions could apply regarding ground clearing activity within 330 feet of an eagle nest if any are located near either of the route alignments. The American peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum),listed as an endangered species, is protected under the Endangered Species Act and could occur in the area.Arctic peregrinefalcons(Falco peregrinus tundrius)are listed as a threatened species.These most likely only occur in the project area during migration.Peregrines and other raptors are known to move between the Copper River Basin and the Matanuska River in the spring and fall.No peregrine nest sites have been documented in the vicinity of the proposed alignments.There is a remote possibility of a recently established nest site in the general project area since the American peregrine falcon population has been expanding its range in the last several years.A raptor survey would likely be required if this project proceeds to the permitting and construction phase. CopperValley :12023-032-020 2-16 18November93 Other raptors,not listed above,may also be present in the study area.No information on other raptor nests was available from federal or state sources. Federal wildlife officials have indicated that raptor protection measures should be taken within a quarter mile of anadromous fish streams.Input from USFWS and ADF&G should be incorporated on marking transmission lines to minimize the potential for raptor collisions. 2.6.2 Mammals Five species of mammals are of particular importance in the project area because of their subsistence,recreational and/or ecological importance:black bear,brown bear,caribou, moose and Dall sheep.Distribution of these species and important use areas are presented in Figure 2.3-1. Black Bears Black bears occur throughout much of the study area and use a wide range of habitats, although they prefer open forest and mixed habitat types.No areas of concentration have been delineated along the proposed route alignments. Brown Bears Brown bears are relatively common in higher elevations of the drainages of the TalkeetnaMountainsandoccupymoreremoteareasthanblackbears.The northern route alignmentin the Boulder Creek,Chitna Creek,and Alfred Creek areas would pass through brown bear habitat. In addition,the route alignment along the upper watershed of Caribou Creek,where the northern and southern alignments join for a few miles,passes through brown bear habitat. The mountains east of Chickaloon River are listed as potential brown bear denning habitat and denning could occur throughout this area.No brown bear concentration areas along fish streams have been documented near either route alignment. Brown bears also occur throughout the Copper River basin.No concentration areas have been delineated along the proposed route alignments within the Copper River basin. Moose Moose are widespread throughout the Matanuska River drainage in the western portion of the project area and in much of the Copper River drainage.They utilize the higher elevations of the Talkeetna Mountains in the spring,summer and fall,then move to the lower valley bottoms as snow forces them out in early winter.During the winter,moose tend to concentrate along rivers and streams such as the Matanuska River,Kings River,and Chickaloon River. CopperValley :12023-032-020 2-17 18November93 The proposed alignment routes pass through portions of the Matanuska Valley Moose Range.The southern route alignment passes through moose range from Sutton to Caribou Creek. The northern route alignment takes a higher course through the Talkeetna Mountains which is primarily used as summer habitat for moose. -Moose are also distributed throughout the Copper River drainage.Winter moose habitat occurs in areas of lower elevation between Slide Mountain and the Tolsona River.These low- lying areas are also utilized by moose for fall rut and calving in the spring and early summer. Both the northern route alignment and the southern route alignment pass through moose calving concentrations between Mendeltna Creek and the Tolsona River. Caribou The project study area passes through the range of the Nelchina caribou herd.Animals from this herd utilize the area at or above timberline in the Talkeetna Mountains for summer range.During the fall and winter,many of the caribou move through the lowland foothill area east of the Eureka Roadhouse in the Copper River basin,although the higher elevations are utilized to some extent in parts of the range. All of the northern route alignment passes through caribou winter and/or summer range in the Talkeetna Mountains and primarily caribou winter habitat east of Slide Mountain. The herd's calving area on the eastern slopesof the Talkeetna Mountains in the Lake Louise/Johns Lake/Slide Mountain area is the focal point for the herd's yearly movements.This area is north of the proposed route alignments. Dall Sheep Dall sheep range on much of the higher elevations of the Talkeetna Mountains from Sutton to Eureka.Much of the northern route alignment west of the Copper River basin passes through Dall sheep habitat.The south facing slopes between Granite Creek and Kings River are a winter concentration area for Dall sheep.The northern route alignment passes within a mile of some these slopes near Red Mountain. An important feature of Dall sheep summer habitat is the proximity to mineral licks which provide nutritional requirements and social interaction between members of the herd.Five mineral licks have been documented within the project area.The beginning of the proposed route alignment passes directly over a mineral lick where it crosses Granite Creek beneath Knob Hill. The northern alignment passes within a 1/4-mile of another mineral lick approximately 1/2-mile west of Young Creek.No other areas of the route are within one mile of identified mineral licks. CopperValley .12023-032-020 2-18 18November93 Small Mammals Other wildlife species common to the study area include snowshoe hare,hoary marmots, arctic ground squirrel,red squirrel,beaver,muskrat,porcupine,red fox,coyote,gray wolf, marten,short-tailed weasel,mink,wolverine,land otter and lynx. 2.6.3 Threatened and Endangered Species The American peregrine falcon (endangered)and the Arctic peregrine falcon (threatened) may be found in the project area,especially during spring and fall migration.Trumpeter swans, listed as a species of special concern,are commonly found in the area.Management policies for trumpeter swans are described in Section 2.7.2 under the Copper River Basin Area Plan.Bald and Golden eagles and their nests are protected under the Bald Eagle Protection Act.Although no eagle nests have been documented along the route,there is the potential for these nests in the - study area.Any eagle or peregrine falcon nest located in the study area would require a buffer of undisturbed natural vegetation for a 330 foot radius around the nest. 2.7 Land Use and Land Status 2.7.1 Land Use and Community Characteristics Primary land uses in the project area are public recreation use and wildlife habitat.Other land uses in the general project area include minerals and materials mining and forestry.Coal mining occurs in the Chickaloon area and numerous mining and mineral claims are staked along the Caribou Creek,Alfred Creek and Squaw Creek drainages.The proposed routes have been designed to avoid private lands as much as possible.Land use is regulated by the Matanuska- Susitna Borough for the area between Sutton and Eureka.Uses on state lands are regulated by ADNR. Population concentrations in the project area occur along the Glenn Highway in the communities of Sutton,Chickaloon,Glacier View and Glennallen.Sutton,Chickaloon and Glacier View are all within the boundaries of the Matanuska-Susitna Borough and have active Community Councils which provide input to the Borough regarding land use issues.These communities have a rural character with low density residential development and limited commercial and service development.Businesses in the Chickaloon and Glacier View areas tend to be recreation oriented with a number of small businesses offering rafting,horseback riding, and other wilderness recreation opportunities. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough is the only municipality located within the project area. The Borough has designated the Chickaloon area as a Special Land Use District and has adopted land use regulations within this area.The Borough is currently drafting a comprehensive plan for the Glacier View area and is expected to adopt similar land use regulations in the Glacier View area.The proposed route alignments are outside of the Borough's Coastal Management District boundaries as well as the Borough's federally designated flood hazard area. CopperValley12023-032-020 2-19 18November93 The majority of the proposed route alignments are located on state and federal lands. ADNR is responsible for managing state lands for the maximum public benefit.In order to fulfill this responsibility the state develops area plans which set guidelines for the use of state lands and management plans which provide detailed guidance for special areas like the Matanuska Valley Moose Range.State lands in the project area are covered by the Susitma Area Plan,the Matanuska Valley Moose Range Management Plan and the Copper River Basin Area Plan. 2.7.2 Area Plans and Designated Areas Chickaloon Special Land Use District The Matanuska-Susitna Borough has adopted a comprehensive plan for the Chickaloon area.The implementing ordinance designates the area within the Chickaloon Community Council boundaries as the Chickaloon Special Land Use District and requires that certain uses,such as transmission lines,must apply for a Conditional Use Permit (CUP).A CUP is required for uses which are generally considered appropriate for the area,but which required controls and safeguards to ensure their compatibility with permitted principal uses,and to protect the public health,safety and welfare. Susitna Area Plan The Susitna Area Plan was adopted in 1985 and covers over nine million acres of state land.The Glenn Highway Subregion of this plan covers the project study area from Sutton to Eureka.Within this subregion,the northern route alignment crosses Management Units 6,11 and 12 as shown in Table 2.7-1.The southern alignment crosses Management Units 6,7,8,10,11 and 12. The Susitna Area Plan states that most state lands are to be managed for multiple use and that uses not indicated for areas in the plan may be permitted if ADNR determines that the use is Consistent with the statement of management intent for the area.The management intent for the Glenn Highway Subregion is to protect and improve recreation,fish and wildlife and visual values,while developing the area's resources and selling some state lands for resource develop- ment and settlement.Transmission lines and other utility uses are not listed as prohibited uses in any of the management units crossed. Fish and wildlife habitat policies state that all land use activities should avoid or minimize foreseeable or potential adverse effects on fish and wildlife populations and their habitats.If loss of habitat cannot be minimized,restoration and rehabilitation is required. Recreation policies are designed to support recreational opportunities of regional or statewide significance.These policies include promoting use of under-utilized recreation areas where appropriate and achieving maximum use of recreation site while maintaining high quality recreation experiences and environmental quality.River,stream and lake buffers are established to help implement these policies. CopperVailey . .12023-032-020 2-20 18November93 Table 2.7-1 Management Units within the Glenn Highway Subregion of the Susitna Area Plan Crossed By Route Alignmentsen Management Management Primary Land |Secondary Land Other Route Unit Number Unit Name Use Use Comments Alignment Designations Designations -6 Matanuska 6a:CF,PR,WH |6a:G Legislatively Both Valley Moose ;Designated Range 6b:PL 6b:n/a Area;Mineral Licks 7 Bonnie Lake 7a:PR,S,WH Ta:F Southern Alignment 8 Purinton 8a:PR,WH 8a:F Mineral Licks Southern Alignment 10 Matanuska 10f:PR,WH 10f:F Mineral Licks Southern Glacier Alignment 10g:PL 10g:n/a 11 Gunsight 11b:PR,WH 11b:F Legislatively Both Mountain Designated Area 1ic:PL 1lc:n/a (Nelchina Public Use Area) 11d:PL 11d:n/a 11le:PR,WH |lle:n/a 12 Alpine Areas 12a:PR,WH 12a:n/a 12a and 12b:12a: Mineral Licks Southern 12b:PR,WH 12b:n/a 12b:Alignment Legislatively Designated Area |12b: (Nelchina Public |Northern Use Area)Alignment Source:ADNR,Susitna Area Plan,1985 Abbreviations: C:Coal F:Forestry G:Grazing PL:Private Lands PR:Public Recreation S:Settlement WH:Wildlife Habitat n/a:Not Applicable CopperValley12023-032-020 2-21 18November93 River and stream buffers are required on waters which provide public recreational opportunities.Rivers with important recreational values require a buffer of between 200 feet and a quarter-mile and include Mendeltna Creek,Kings River and Little Nelchina River.Rivers with exceptional recreational values are proposed for legislative designation.None of the rivers which have been legislatively designated is crossed by the proposed route alignments.Buffers are also required around lakes with important public recreational values.No such lakes are crossed by the proposed route alignments. Mineral licks used by significant numbers of wildlife are located throughout this area as _indicated as Figure 2.3-1.These areas are used primarily during the spring and early summer. The Plan identified specific management guidelines for resource development occurring near these areas.These guidelines require that the developer minimize,to the extent feasible,the potential impacts on wildlife use of the areas.Site specific stipulations are developed for each development project to address the following concerns: °avoidance of direct and indirect impact on the mineral licks,animal trails leading to them and other areas of concentrated animal use associated with the mineral lick; °compensation for the destruction or loss of a lick;and °methods and routings of access roads to these areas. Forestry is listed as a secondary land use designation in parts of the study area.Forestry -goals in the Plan include promoting economic development;meeting personal use needs of Alaskans;managing forest resources for long term productivity;and protecting forests from fire, insects,disease and other destructive agents.Management guidelines include salvaging timber from lands cleared for other uses,such as utility corridors.ADNR's Division of Forestry is charged with reviewing proposals for land clearing and determining whether timber salvage is appropriate.In general,salvage of cleared timber will be required wherever environmental and economic efficiency can be achieved. Matanuska Valley Moose Range Management Plan The proposed northern and southern route alignments traverse approximately 6.5 miles and 24 miles,respectively,of the Matanuska Valley Moose Range (MVMR),established by the State Legislature.The MVMR was established to protect and enhance moose populations and their habitat and to set guidelines for various land uses.In addition to moose,the area has a high value for fishing as well as materials and mineral resources,including coal,shale and limestone. Surface-disturbing land uses may be allowed but must meet stringent reclamation requirements for enhancement of moose habitat. The MVMR is divided into three management units,the Western Management Subunit, the Middle Management Subunit and the Eastern Management Subunit.Both proposed route alignment cross all three subunits.Management policies for the MVMR include preserving CopperValley12023-032-020 2-22 18November93 wildlife habitat;allowing for recreational uses including hunting,fishing and other harvesting of wildlife resources;materials and minerals development;and timber harvesting.To achieve these goals,the Plan establishes buffers around streams,lakeshores,wetlands and trails,as discussed below.Management guidelines in the Plan call for protection of scenic views such as the views of Granite Peak and Castle Mountain from the Glenn Highway and the view of Puddingstone Hill from the Chickaloon River Trail and the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail system.Cultural and historical resources located in the area are to be protected until an evaluation of the resource's value can be completed. The Plan outlines buffers for streams,lakeshores,wetlands,and trails.Stream buffers of 200 feet on each side are required for anadromous fish streams and 100 foot buffers are required for perennial streams not known to have anadromous fish.Stream buffers may be reduced on non-anadromous streams if the riparian zone is less than 100 feet wide.Utility lines are allowed within the buffers if approved by ADNR and ADF&G.Utilities should cross streams in a perpendicular fashion rather than parallel streams to the extent feasible.Lakeshore buffers vary from 200 feet to 400 feet depending on the size of the lake.No lakes withintheMVMR are crossed by the proposed route alignments.Wetland buffers are set at 100 feet from the limit of wetland vegetation and should be increased for slopes above 20%.Again,utilities are allowed in wetland buffers.Buffers are required for the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina,Chickaloon River and Old 98 trails.The minimum buffer is 100 feet of vegetated buffer but this may increase up to 300 feet based on the summer line-of-sight.Utility lines may cross these trails and their buffers if no feasible or prudent alternative exists.These crossings should be perpendicular if possible. Prohibited uses outlined for the three management units do not include transmission lines or other utility projects. Nelchina Public Use Area The Nelchina Public Use Area is the largest legislatively designated public use area on state land in Alaska.The area is managed by ADNR for multiple use with a goal to perpetuate and enhance public recreation and enjoyment of a quality environment.The area contains more than 250,000 acres including several creeks such as Alfred Creek,Caribou Creek and Pass Creek. The northern route alignment crosses through this area for approximately 60 miles while the southern route alignment crosses about six miles. Copper River Basin Area Plan for State Lands The Copper River Basin Area Plan was adopted in 1986 and addresses the management of 3.3 million acres of state lands in the Copper River basin.The basin is divided into 33 Management Units.Both route alignments traverse lands in Management Units 3,4 and 5 as shown in Table 2.7-2.Within Unit 5,the northern route alignment crosses subunits 5c,5f,5g and 5h while the southern alignment crosses subunits 5c,5d and 5h. CopperValley : 12023-032-020 2-23 . 18November93 Table 2.7-2 Management Units within the Copper River Basin Area Plan Crossed By Route Alignments Management |Management Primary Secondary Other Route Unit Unit Name Land Use Land Use Comments |Alignment Number Designations |Designations 3 North of 3c:Forestry,|3c:Public 3c:Both Tazlina Wildlife Recreation River Habitat 4 North of 4a:Wildlife |4a:Forestry,4a:Both Glenn High-|Habitat Public way Near Recreation Snowshoe Lake 5 Lake Louise |5c:Public Sc:Wildlife |5c:Proposed |5c:Both Road Area Recreation Habitat Legislative Designation 5d:Settle-5d:Forestry,|Kettlehole -5d: ment Water Lakes -Southern - Resources,Mendeltna AlignmentWildlifeCreekArea Habitat 5f:Public Sf:Forestry 5f:Proposed |Sf:Recreation,canoe trail Northern Wildlife system on Alignment Habitat small lakes 5g:Settle-5g:Wildlife 5g: ment Habitat Northern Alignment Sh:Wildlife |Sh:Forestry,5h:Both Habitat Public Recreation Source:ADNR and ADF&G,Copper River Basin Area Plan for State Lands (1986) CopperValley 12023-032-020 2-24 18November93 Forestry goals in the Plan include promoting economic development;meeting personal use needs of Alaskans;managing forest resources for long term productivity;and protecting The majority of lands in the management units crossed are designated for public recrea- tion,wildlife habitat and forestry.Goals and management guidelines relevant to these land uses are described in the following paragraphs. Fish and wildlife goals identified in the plan are to maintain and protect publicly owned habitat base;ensure access to public lands and water;mitigate habitat loss;and contribute to economic diversity.Management guidelines include avoiding the loss of natural fish and wildlife habitat;minimizing unavoidable loss through proper planning,siting and design of projects; restoration of areas where damage was not minimized;and compensation for substantial and irreversible loss where habitat loss has not been avoided,minimized or restored.Structures in fish habitat should be designed to minimize impacts on fish migration,spawning and rearing. Activities in important waterfowl habitat which require a permit and produce high levels of acoustical or visual disturbance are to be avoided during sensitive periods.Specific management guidelines for trumpeter swans are described below. Management Unit 4 is an area designated to be managed to protect the nesting habitats of trumpeter swans and to minimize disturbances to them.Guidelines in these areas call for the prohibition of overland access from May 1 to August 31 unless the activity is compatible with the protection of trumpeter swans and their habitat,or unless DNR determines that it is not feasible and prudent to prohibit these activities.If DNR determines it is not feasible to prohibit certain activities,restriction may be placed on areas within a quarter mile of current or potential swan nesting or staging areas.The Plan specifically restricts transmission lines in trumpeter swan habitat.These habitats are to be avoided for construction of transmission lines.If lines are built in this type of habitat,they should be sited in forested areas and kept close to treetop level. Transmission line wires are to be strung in a horizontal plane and where they cross open spaces should be marked so that they are visible to swans. Forestry goals in the Plan include promoting economic development;meeting personal use needs of Alaskans;managing forest resources for long term productivity;and protecting forests from fire,insects,disease and other destructive agents.Management guidelines include salvaging timber from lands cleared for other uses,such as utility corridors.ADNR's Division of Forestry is charged with reviewing proposals for land clearing and determining whether timber salvage is appropriate.In general,salvage of cleared timber will be required wherever environ- mental and economic efficiency can be achieved. Public recreation goals include providing convenient outdoor recreation opportunities to Alaska's residents and visitors;protecting natural and cultural resources;promoting economic development;and protecting the historic and archaeological resources of Alaska.Management guidelines include a review of construction projects or land uses for potential conflict with cultural resources. Stream corridor goals include providing opportunities for recreation;protecting riparian fish and wildlife habitats;providing for private ownership of land near streams;protecting water CopperValley .12023-032-020 2-25 18November93 quality;and providing for the harvest of timber from riparian forests where appropriate. Management guidelines call for stream buffers of varying widths depending on topography, vegetation,land ownership,recreational use,habitat value and other factors.Activities are to avoid altering natural hydrological conditions and soil erosion is to be minimized by restricting the removal of vegetation adjacent to streams and by stabilizing disturbed soil as soon as possible. The goal of the wetlands management guidelines is to protect the hydrologic,habitat and recreational values of important public wetlands.Wetlands covered under these guidelines are those meeting the wetland definition in the Alaska Coastal Management Program.Permits for operating heavy equipment in wetlands will require that damage to wetlands and wetlandvegetationbeavoidedifpossible.These activities should be limited to winter when feasible. Subunits 5c and 5f are identified as important 'recreational areas in the Plan and are proposed for legislative designation as a recreation area.The outlet of Old Man Lake into Mendeltna Creek is identified as an important spring and fall staging area for trumpeter swans. The management guidelines would restrict recreation use and construction activities in this area from April 15 through June 1 and from September 15 through November 15. Prohibited uses outlined for the three management units do not include transmission lines or other utility projects. 2.7.3 Land Status The proposed route alignments traverse federal,state,Native,borough,and private lands. The majority of each route is on public lands and an effort has been made to avoid private land holdings wherever possible.Land status is shown on Figure 2.7-1.Information on this map was gathered from ADNR,the Matanuska-Susitna Borough and the Bureau of Land Management. This maps shows general land status and does not represent status of individual lots.Representa- tives of the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council attended one of the public meetings and stated that their lands were not accurately depicted on this map.The Authority requested that they provide maps or information to allow the map to be revised,but no information has been received.The categories of land status are described further below. Private Private land holdings are any properties owned by individuals or business,but not by Native corporations,municipal governments,or the state or federal government.The route alignments were designed to avoid private lands.Areas where the route alignments run along private lands include the beginning of both routes,west of Granite Creek,and near where the southern route alignment crosses Kings River.Other private landholdings within one mile of the routes are concentrated in the first 20 miles of the southern route alignment and the first five miles of the northern route alignment.) CopperValley .12023-032-020 2-26 18November93 setsou3Drees Oey--F2aresaterklogg ce eA,Ss ¢..EXISTING 1MoNent-( MAP-1 MAP INDEX LAND STATUS LEGEND ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY __COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE _apa roa PRIVATE NATIVE SELECTED Sma tculwnnt FEASIBILITY STUDY lonnaitenypUAP=10 [Berne vonoua SNA Fs MENTAL HEALTH FIGURE 2.7-17YoMAP-7 LAND STATUSyoNATIVE=STATE MAP-1 OF 14 MAPS 'WAP-6 SEPTEMBER 1993MAP-4 APS mms =ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS DAMES &MOORE MAP-2 FEDERAL «}e12 @)SEGMENT DESIGNATION S1-2le.BETWEEN POINTS 1 AND 2oat}MILEAGE BETWEEN POINTS IM ()ORD MAP INDEX LAND STATUS LEGEND MAP 10 NATIVE SELECTED © MATANUSKA-SUSITNA PY _fk -7A ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS SEGMENT DESIGNATION S1-2 Le.BETWEEN POINTS 1 AND 2 MILEAGE BETWEEN POINTS 0 (} ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.7-1 LAND STATUS MAP-2 OF 11 MAPS SEPTEMBER 1993 DAMES &MOORE ey aeeea rt + t TyceTSoA = i ee y7 Re = va 3,rt ns tint t t aPeoa7ASEBe)OdNS e&ee rH WANNAR RSNRE4s Reot}SIRASSSAAN x AS] Le =MCL SS WAMAP- MAP-3MAP-2) Sutton _MAP-1 Ww=EE> 2 oWo ” y zb> *5me 5BZF NESS Q >" waaqeze & >tywe rw a gat ow? 2 e©&ag5 aOza ¥<5 Date #>2B 627% $#2 Eaak3 xud | 33% = < is)"Ta£= _- o 3 3 3 garg i 3ag obs agasatereese i 2 3222 i wx= eoOa 1 = - aie fl oOa Yuze + 4ai Eoue ° o4% $238 ood zges w fswg E£& #S25 $=% @ass ci HE ly ape 2 <|g22E 2 < = e no]w38 yw3 a< ao 2w "| -&o&&5&28zrai<§>ae-)8, eSI&2 =t|i= o[g2 oé is 3 [a=?iS a a 2 hE Sy < ¢ = .MAP INDEX LAND STATUS LEGEND ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY PRIVATE ==NATIVE SELECTED ---COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE{MAP-@ MAP-9 a a 7 oo APPROXIMATE SCALEINMALES.FEASIBILITY STUDY St uap-10 sees ee edarR SUSITNA MENTAL HEALTH FIGURE 2.7-1CcMAP=7 .LAND STATUS NATIVE =STATE MAP-4 OF 11 MAPSmiesSEPTEMBER1993MAP-4/|APS MAP-2ald, nee =ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS SEGMENT DESIGNATION St-2 Le.BETWEEN POINTS 14 AND 2$46)MILEAGE BETWEEN POINTS IK (} FEDERAL Siz DAMES &MOORE 4* +:¢-- ee e+ eetPaeeee + + + ee +&+4t+++. oe + +$©©Ae on oe MO + *a oeele4 2 ia aaa,7 Se ') |Wiga vibenee 6 58 th AgiSse AWALSAN saat tesiniesss PAG SP. INA TTALER ' Px GA aa sil y} H o NV mcd y BeUNG NS yC, "A y Ne ' 8 7 R Toa Si if zw-xr> ” 3 a, Wo25S xOS, 8 525 NE=Z Oo <=> Nqrer ogt 34k wbTg= 3 Ow xy Edd&'ozFY =S65 POGE 2% wwn O22, u $62 cgg*2eosoO(3) 3=3ft3 4 3 Bas g =29 as a2a-WOr:wenaaad [=] 3225 fz 2S58 gg es a ee a Sz w2 zze > ewcswEFa<oo3&& quss Fa ziole 2 . < r] bay 3= Ht Xq iq ow Pd 4]qi + a iH HARA EEL PEAT Z % LH Wy>$ 4 Pritt Tr < x 3 dips e 7] a i) ' TTI i ,a428wé Tey < <O = wo HA )32G8€8 4 NH Si= 38 =# ; 4 q ESC L i:uRASS): COL ANS 1 i ' KAN iHTNAR ' iari, H iiWHY A fi HH UH Ls agi eeesece reNTAAT | = R La Pe|pri Li 1 : : ln he 2§ bed 4 a3% nuiaecs HIT rd $ $3 : U ! f )KILEED LL : LIT Hy y 3 RLadets = nH 4 | BH ii ° Say Th a CLA ee : Say ; Mad AH th } 1 ° TENTTTCR CLP * 3 r . a"ant w IESEcebt al zH\ o ase Lette eel itplassccarceine Hi &cI HAho REIT NHLHEREEHH = tyrt sccanaeit BH BN THe - TT ' ? 4 €¢ : < HN THN 3 it gfHN; 7 PLE MEREAS 3 aspegees ralease ° iy CCC NSA NIT N 4 i" rt | 1 i ANH : veghte neu 7 Ha g i HN § ai g HH 5 Leste I aAryeft uw-EE. og 9.2 Yo| ZFZzP TPss & 256 neee Ogk sGr Sera se g SF Wynn? oe eSAoc = uoas o°Fna g>22 aPeu BIg a 3ee = 3is) i2F g i Gaszr9 2 B24w2nk3£23 foz 299 i)a wO25 yFy fais g5 geetwaw¢uGye&©Hge5$32& 2685 ks ele 28é-82 9E$= az o 28w3 2S ¢2¢€38S|&382#isd23a =1{d2 e!&a \© x< a< Fat = zi?(x]& ;Ni oa "raTW)?Ds12a og= Sutton MAP-1 "I "rt >. Ws x LY] NANM!¢ yH|}\ cy TAL ASE1: HT Ms i q gPt TTT) |Pq . Ve : f :bY5 nit aeP|Fj;CHIEme $4 , MNNipmMyHEN JHt tke ANN ADS a NX SAR HH | (teKN as \ HSSid NN a LATS Hauaee HT Ant wNN 4 De:Rda; . SS TETAS TTT NY test |yy eon Ne FH rrr ; i ENN Nhs N anal ' KN f 40sN 7 a N La AN a NnrNIY ' HEHE ;TeNi: | K LET - ae 4Ne-y HddALNdb4| ' ieMN i] BA 1LY oH ATT] +p LN HfH L rtd b+ r h : Ha i er} dd.BLY+1 " bt 4 4 A i} | | it: tN 4 ' 1! a retaLLMo, f ho. Be | RASA HH ry yy! 4LY. KSSSN H uli SET TP d TNs \ bd + Th, KD H nr44 in balfg LNITITTTT | 1 uy" : 41} L KS WH Pete ih Hlacs N Me ie agent i 1 ae If 4 |2 rer Ii!hy tI| dat 'l +11] Lier}callRa ilchy N ty] HE snasededeccasee Taeaggarantane Hy Le Taf FH ' Lapa He ageegndtecsez: PELL Ka LL PLT] iat| baEEN Pete POTay her HHS CATT LH|eae : Onana =cf5 4 caseavatceatane LEI HA ey NINH "H- Nit § ait Tepik ee3 1IYny PH LEE rsNPT ETT Th OHH PH Le TFHETILWTLerta UP ania eens H Ne 1-404 4 Hy TRL AAO rE ) - = f> o” S85 922 525 nR=R Oo ste Sere 2g 34e wine &' &gaxOF «a gq>a Dore wyS$figaes5ulijae =a OoLs)"Nszz . 3ee:i Zys g =So * B2<swBaeeee is) 222: .#z= &GOR=z g 2 wiee q8 as a S226 d zae :ew Gswg . EF @€£ Hga3 3&8 @assefe 2 <©zWy ra Sad >27E $ < ox bluw Sg 3 eo]=25&2]2Fe&aS}f& 383# ANNRANid&§33, c=]7&a{na<= i22 ° * 3 a2]aE3i°3 % -es =a3 ai}&3 Nig=z Sutton MAP-1 MAP INDEX Map Va NNT ee- nw NE SWB oo¥ zES vod? Hut 5Ze AEB OS Ly <> Adee Sgs bdiy|an) = HUN35 woes ote Whege SoSk ot , LL ui 5 Of su $G¢ £9”Za 3Pa = . °o +f oO aeaned"TsKH 2 rae ane 3 |WIT 3poy o taaaage i Zzow eb TPLTdeHoH | z 235 Seaeap Aste ove 22. i Lt wnz PN Heed|TT 5s28 ayes ax 3523 Wy Ws HH 5 & pte q HL] 52 wtzé PRaer | ro 4i Bows H gO gBee 4 Rudenethel w2wzwGy a rt PP+t4t Lmwo HULL ER Pe F€¢583 UPIFPLete 28& 205s ; 4 ete | 4FY i ' BEE "1° LH ! Hie md " < 'CU ae 8)PegheeCECTES bs} gN2% | IN FSs l Hy et#62S lwz L on nw i}< ao zw iy=> FEEeaalS|}=z$83# J NS iMh Ee seWeaHiirtl 1 HE Ist HATA Hfi2 F\ STN a hh 444 § i HATH aj c J7g2 72= MAP-8 WA Deane NyKi SERS J Ra| a 4| NAL ANY2 E HN | HN H Hy ? 4 PN+ < ATH LL 3 Mh ) Mm7 ' iLT] ' Hi 1H H : HON AHH 3 : is Hy I : k sf LT NANI 8 ' } P3 ° hes MINT oa iNANGHTL4 1 Lp ie INA wan: iN hn MNRL rN HH iq LJ a £ | HW NTH 3 , 4 Zba&é § Ma seeceyss 3 H taeeskh abase q L neal asw . Gal w i 4 HTT &E n 3 =ee c a. ind rota 2ES wSe.2 MA LENIN ReMTSN| E22 SPSe8 di WNto a'z>” Nadesg% S \U d F >aewkey epihae Mhpe 1¢. enw? wie 4 Neepres J 5b' © 235 Fs)2 peelTITY[4M4PN 12S05 POSkt BY : rT P P iF= OZa pia | i kh!|} 5 Oo z5 Ny d? 1s& ito LP}. HP NeoFeFIiPry aR wt$<a i |eeiNKjNdThPelayf33% = Is eee WRT 4 MEny'Oo 4 i"Kg hr Vq LLY1 wor Neer NAai } PI: .i P;NT ahql PHA (TE , M4 | 7 bA S| elpe PPRYh?EseLi nance z | inhyKdits)7]bietlg j 3 . > Tar VLE PTT TRATTR 5 2 i} 7ay 7 Z = ow , ly r| g zag : goe.45-F - re ; FE&- #98qqy32Hesin=x Ewe wu zespo&&HRs2&& 2085 iES Heope z <i]8z2 8 HE 3Hol&ze8&z]=fe-#NS} $83£ a MAP-11 lennatien 7MAP MAP-6 MAP INDEX WAP-8 AP-S MaAP-3 uap-4 MAP-2 Sutton MAP-1 a VEYA] NITEOGERS SST ir ++? « AAAS peeesDARTEs Cate ss Sia LTH TAT AR WT 4 2 uw ds i 4 HH q|5 )Ea"TTT ATT HHH Wit 156R ofy . : 5 ann ias 2b #4265 sd, > Ee)AY EZe bp=3 6 ° o i 2O44 ° o N<tSe =gt : 54F weak =Be NP £35 c£MOF Bye 2S [gn Se) ae DASH geo OZ58 = a-_a] 1 a Sus e9a° & ; ag,& = oOoO yoo=TLwt | i P =iNg :to a i z oIh A B95 ae oll 2°29 eH rd Boz 3588 g2 wZz45Eousyw= aewe _ zzee ¥2dw gewby ft >E w&sug J Ee & bees Soar 3=RB <a85 aonA|J|_| TN 2hg f ete - ° aoy A3s ! =3 ) 5w853 HHJ ol=25&g& Hi z2 a4 i=a 7 cee 3iva< w ayTH a232i els:>*, ats;bYI = iif i.3 ut *§ reohay ° VTAr a gone] = ST * ; LM3 lyan . £ anaes 4 aneeh [PF z rT. LU ° MUTE it1Pe an t x & 7 ¥e)EDN! ry q Ww éIh ealad , KC ziq\ = LTDATAT HT ETT FF af& Soy eT] HFLLLMUBLFATT TTTERE TTT = 3Uf I eae|hl|5 aay a nt be . a hd -_-e KyMoMess KK iraeth HNL ? b| hI < : ayy rH PERL Rkry 3 Ali NTT ETA f 1 NX == HI4 Ly 4ifeae * AuesescnseUaaisey j K i C RL TPH] sats 4]4 BITE Z <1 WEL Ee ! i{Iir| * =ilMSpLy B Lhul| KINI? ld & Ban 5 7 ag 4 Pot +4 __hyHAT,| 97Ly HR, ser 44 Sate Bi fsM 41] |i 7Ly q4 71 Ey q 4 ny ria ;4 , a iit MLA ATI MJr EG.4a 5 THA ane tunwasas = as AA 4 2 RP BING|AD 3 SRA Lat{AN|| aE 14 8 2y)rT UjeTba 4 meng A . Lif P} fax y LH5 4ee8at,got=otheneeBree?=meWater=tas"Gtadk.*e"teg*LadaPLAS'RA,rors4SS.*=oearpaaayntAXCreQay='4sabt4'_*'at5°= aeweeean ee weak=satesetteeetystras etean'ut?sc piaa4wae,Sage gat 6 at eets .e ae)=3ahag ® *4 NSPatentensignrToewa SaANEAy lay e a ot ee we>.estegtesttgpiWed «ZaewaP-9 (J mw MAP--10 MAP-11 lennatten MAP-7 MAP-6 yweadts MAP-2 MAP-3 Sutton MAP-1 LAND STATUS LEGEND 1PRIVATE|NATIVE SELECTED as.APPROXOMATE SCALE I MOLES: MATANUSKA-SUSITNA BOROUGH MENTAL HEALTH NATIVE =STATE oe ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTSFEDE!te SEGMENT DESIGNATION S1-2 Le,BETWEEN POINTS 1 AND 2 yy UNEZAGE BETWEEH POINTS 4 () ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.7-1 LAND STATUS MAP-11 OF 11 MAPS SEPTEMBER 1993 DAMES &MOORE GS Matanuska-Susitna Borough The routes are proposed to begin at a new substation site to be constructed on Borough land west of Sutton.Other Borough lands are crossed by the southern route alignment north of mile 85 of the Glenn Highway.Two other areas of Borough lands are located one-half to one mile south of the southern alignment between mile 88 and mile 91 of the Glenn Highway.Lands in the Chickaloon area have been designated a Special Use District by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough and a Conditional Use Permit is required for transmission lines crossing these lands. Native Several Native village corporations own land or have selected land within the project area. Under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971,Native corporation were allowed to select federal lands to be granted to the Native corporations.Due to conflicting selections between various Native corporations and the state,the process of granting these lands is compli- cated and is still ongoing.Native corporations have selected more lands than will eventually be transferred to them (over-selection).Therefore,Native selected lands may or may not eventually be owned by Native corporations.The proposed routes pass through lands owned by the CookInlet Regional Incorporated (CIRI)for approximately three miles in the area just north of Sutton.Native owned lands are crossed by the southern alignment north of mile 72 on the Glenn Highway.The surface rights to these lands belong to the Chickaloon Moose Creek Native Association (CMCNA)and the subsurface rights belong to CIRI.The northern alignment crosses CMCNA (surface)and CIRI (subsurface)selected lands for about two miles near Red Mountain. These lands may or may not be transferred to Native ownership in the future as they are part of a large Native over-selection.'The two route alignments join west of Chickaloon and run along the northern boundary of CMCNA (surface)and CIRI (subsurface)lands for less than a mile just west of the Chickaloon River.CIRI owns a large amount of land (surface and subsurface rights) in the area where Hicks Creek and Pinochle Creek meet.The southern alignment runs through CIRI lands for approximately eight miles in this area.The last 15 miles of the northern alignment and the last 12 miles of the southern alignment traverse Native lands.The Tazlina Village Corporation owns the surface rights to these lands and the Ahtna Regional Corporation owns the subsurface rights. Mental Health State of Alaska Mental Health Trust Lands were granted to the state by the federal government prior to statehood to generate revenue to support Alaska's mental health programs. In 1978,the legislature waived the trust status of these lands and some of the land was leased for oil or gas development,sold to individuals or transferred to municipalities.In the 1980s, mental health advocates sued the state and the state was ordered to "reconstitute,as nearly as possible the holdings which comprised the trust when the 1978 law became effective."At this time,no settlement between the State of Alaska and the mental health interests has been approved.Therefore,the outcome of this continuing litigation may impact the status and use of these lands. CopperValley 12023-032-020 2-27 18November93 The proposed routes run along the edge of Mental Health Trust Lands for about two miles near Granite and Little Granite Creeks.The northern route alignment crosses through another parcel of Mental Health Trust Lands east of Little Granite Creek.Both route alignments cross Mental Health Trust Lands for approximately 12 miles from near Kings River to just west of Rush Lake. State The State of Alaska was granted over 100 million acres of land when it achieved statehood in 1959.The state owns the majority of the lands crossed by the potential route alignments.Some state owned areas,including the area along Alfréd and Squaw Creeks,have mining and mineral claims on them. The first portion of the northern alignment runs along or across state lands for about eight miles between Granite Creek and Red Mountain.It also crosses state lands from near Simpson Cabin to Alfred Creek.Approximately 50 miles of state lands are crossed from Crooked Creek to just west of Mud Lake. The southern alignment traverses state lands for approximately nine miles from Granite Creek to Kings River.The route runs through state lands again for approximately 12 miles along the southern side of the Anthracite Ridge to Hicks Creek.Another 17 miles of this alignment runs through state lands along Caribou Creek,Squaw Creek and northeast along Syncline Mountain.The alignment crosses through 50 miles of state lands from Old Man Creek to southofMudLake. Federal The Bureau of Land Management manages most of the federal lands located in the project area.The northern alignment crosses federal land for about 14 miles along Alfred Creek,Pass Creek and Crooked Creek.The southern alignment crosses approximately seven miles of federal lands north of the Startup Lakes and along Old Man Creek. 2.8 Cultural/Historical Resources Cultural resources include buildings,sites,structures,or objects which may have histori- cal,archaeological,architectural,and/or cultural significance.The proposed routes are primarily located in undeveloped areas which have not been surveyed for cultural or archaeological resources. The western portion of the proposed transmission line routes include areas in the Mata- nuska Valley Moose Range (MVMR).Although a complete archaeological survey of the MVMR | has not been undertaken,the Alaska Heritage Resources Survey has identified eleven cultural resources within the Range,including Native grave sites,bridges and mines.Numerous aban- CopperValley12023-032-020 2-28 18November93 ad doned mines exist in the MVMR including the Eska Mine,which has been determined to be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.The Management Plan also lists the Chickaloon River Trail,the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail,the Boulder Creek Trail and the Old 98 Trail as trails with historical value.Areas with a high potential for cultural value exist along the southern portion of the Kings River,the Chickaloon River and Boulder Creek. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough currently has a federal preservation grant to identify and evaluate historic sites on portions of the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina.The Borough plans to continue to seek funding for evaluating the remaining portions of the trail in the future.A report will be issued in October describing the sites which have been identified for addition to the Alaska Heritage Resources Survey list and those which are eligible for nomination to theNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces. At the March 1993 agency meeting,the State Office of History and Archaeology indicated that the potential transmission line routes had not been surveyed and that an archaeo- logical survey would need to be done if the project was to proceed to completion. 2.9 Recreation The Matanuska Valley and adjacent Talkeetna Mountains are popular areas for recreation. The Matanuska Valley Moose Range and Nelchina Public Use Area provide opportunities for a variety of recreation activities.Although close enough to Anchorage for day-trips,overall recreation use of these areas tends to be low to moderate because of lack of information about legal public access.Peak recreation use of these areas generally occurs during the fall hunting season. The Nelchina Public Use Area (NPUA)is the largest legislatively designated public use area on state land in Alaska.From the Glenn Highway,south of the public use area,an extensive foot and all terrain vehicle trail system provides access to outstanding hunting,fishing, mining,and other recreational opportunities.The area is home to the Nelchina Caribou Herd, the third largest caribou herd in the state.The area also supports populations of Dall sheep, moose,black and brown bear,and trumpeter swans providing opportunities for wildlife viewing and photography.Both route alignments pass through this area.The northern alignment lies primarily within the NPUA from Boulder Creek to the Little Nelchina River,for a total of approximately 40 miles within the NPUA.The southern alignment passes through the NPUA periodically from Caribou Creek to the Little Nelchina River,for a total of approximately 10 miles within the NPUA. The Matanuska Valley Moose Range is also a legislatively designated area.Created with the objective to maintain and improve moose populations,habitat,and other wildlife resources, the Matanuska Valley Moose Range also perpetuates multiple use of the area including recreation uses like fishing,hunting,trapping,and other activities that are compatible with the area's primary objective.Both route alignments traverse a large portion of this popular recreation useareafromSuttontotheBoulderCreekarea. CopperValley12023-032-020 2-29 18November93 The Glenn Highway,well known for its scenic values,is frequently used by tourists and sightseers traveling from Anchorage to the interior.Sheep Mountain is an area of particular interest along the highway.Multi-colored rock outcrops and its population of Dall sheep,often visible from the highway,give this area special recreational value for tourists and sightseers.In addition,several turnouts along the highway in this area also provide outstanding views of the Matanuska Glacier.The Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities is planning to realign and improve portions of the Glenn Highway providing pullouts and waysides for public use. The proposed route alignments cross or parallel portions of the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail system (Figure 2.9-1).Trails in this system are popular for both summer and winter recreation activities.In the fall and winter,many of the trails in the larger drainages are used by hunters on foot or horseback looking for moose,.caribou,and Dall sheep.When snow- covered,trails are used extensively by snowmachines and cross-country skiers.In the spring and summer,the trails are used primarily by backpackers.Portions of the trail system are historically significant travel routes dating to the turn of the century.As mentioned earlier,the Matanuska- Susitna Borough currently has a federal preservation grant to identify and evaluate historic sites on portions of this trail.A number of the alternative route segments would cross and/or parallel many of the system trails as indicated in Table 2.9-1. The project area includes six state recreation areas:Kings Mountain State Recreation Site, Bonnie Lake State Recreation Site,Long Lake State Recreation Site,Caribou Creek State Recreational Mining Area,the Matanuska Glacier State Recreation Site,and Tolsona Creek State Recreation Site.The route alignments pass approximately three miles north of Kings Mountain. Bonnie Lake and Long Lake are approximately two miles south of the southern alignment.The southern alignment also passes within a mile of the Caribou Creek recreation area and within two miles of the Matanuska Glacier recreation area.Both route alternatives pass approximately three miles north of the Tolsona recreation area and the southern route passes the Tolsona recreation area again about two miles east of the site. The southern route alignment also passes one to two miles north of several lodges located along the Glenn Highway including Snowshoe Lake Lodge,Mendeltna Lodge,and Tazlina Lodge.Also,both route alignments run approximately three miles north of Tolsona Lake Lodge. Aircraft landing areas are located throughout the area and are used for hunting,recreation and airtaxi service.Landing strips and seaplane bases are located at the Watchtower Inn south of Hicks Creek,Tahneta Lake,the Eureka Roadhouse,Snowshoe Lake,Smokey Lake and the Tazlina Lodge. Based on discussions with residents in the Sutton-Chickaloon area,an abrupt knob aboveLittleGraniteCreekeastofSuttonisusedbyseveralhang-gliders as a take-off point.Both route . alignments pass through areas which hang-gliders use for landing. CopperValley ' 12023-032-020 2-30 18November93 Qn ---1""e]'lag wert f=2:35 ay ae ron.aoe rae LE ELE(Li miC%4}ES=NNPOSED _<!aoe eHGESTATION?CUP ae>VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY }-a scencaren compe vate weewereMapasennolienRECREATIONAREAS=,Z...,.,POTENTIAL VIEWS ,_ye -Ube FIGURE 2.9-1 7 Wz Map-7 AREAS OF HIGH a DIRECTION OF VIEW VISUAL AND RECREATIONfsIMPACTPOTENTIALRESOURCESANbewreMAP-1 OF 11 MAPSMAPAAP5HEBEGLENHiGHWwaycoemesNELCHINAPUBLICg'SEPTEMBER 1993USEAREAAPPRQJOMATESCALEINMOLES: MAP-1 eeceosee TRAILS memes Al TEANATIVE ROUTE DAMES &MOORE MAP-2 MaAP-3 SEGMENTS .ytaSSeu Lge " PGE Ladapay Si ne>eeeCEBNZ CL =« oN SaaSSON)f \A 2 N MAP-11antbiennatienMAP-10 MAP-7)- UAP-3 Sutlon MAP t VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND SCENIC AREA/ RECREATION AREAS soe Avcesee POTENTIAL VIEWS AREAS OF HIGH DIRECTION OF VIEW IMPACT POTENTIAL eomeoms NELCHINA PUBLICilIME.GLENN HIGH Way USE AREA @eeceeeee TRAILS meee ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.9-1 VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES MAP-2 OF 11 MAPS 1 SEPTEMBER 1993 APPROXIMATE SCALE IN MILES:DAMES &MOORE Lv:=a y- RESOURCES MAP-3 OF 11 MAPS FIGURE 2.9-1 VISUAL AND RECREATION FEASIBILITY STUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE 7aim.< * f Bek nA'NagelSAS RS ZoroéneWUE DIRECTION OF VIEW aes f.POTENTIAL VIEWS olSacall al. AtVNSUNVLV VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND SCENIC AREA; RECREATION AREAS AREAS OF HIGH IMPACT POTENTIAL 4 'awt SEPTEMBER 1993 é '" DAMES &MOOREAPPEOKIMATESCALEINMUS. SEGMENTS USE AREA ommenemns ALTERNATIVE ROUTE ommcem=NELCHINA PUBLIC eeeeeeece TRAILS WS ME BER GLENN HIGHWay MAP=11 Frennotten9fa MAP-7 MAP-6 MAP INDEX WAP=6 MAP-3 MAP- MAP 2 Sutton MAP=1 Ww,iapipeEWNae BE onMaP-2 MAP-3Li,owmmnemnes ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS Na:a=REE AS MAP INDEX VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE -_watt SCENIC AREA iA FEASIBILITY STUDYMAP-9 (J”TT hematen RECREATION AREAS ccceAceces POTENTIAL VIEWS a uap-t0 pay FIGURE 2.9-1 a uap-7 2°,°%,%AREAS OF HIGH DIRECTION OF VEW VISUAL AND RECREATION i vo 4 {MPACT POTENTIAL RESOURCES(onva>mss "mee MAP-4 OF 11 MAPSMAP-4/|AP 5 Bl HE WE GLENN HicHway eemsee NELCHINA PUBLIC 1 SEPTEMBER 1933USEAREAlpeecceeeeTRAILSAUPRORMATESCAIAWasDAMES&MOORE ”ShBSetl aS ES7oe A, GG -2¢C ya RY RySasYooWsareo*£48*Veor*1gveoe++NVI.A) igh ZA of wigopeTeeseeeAme ic if LANG :SCENICARES a MAPHITmapneHennattenWAP-10 WaAP-7 Le] imececnd e AREAS OF HIGH VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND SCENIC AREA/ RECREATION AREAS IMPACT POTENTIAL GLENN HIGHWAY USE AREA TRAILS SEGMENTS toes a.»POTENTIAL VIEWS a7 DIRECTION OF VIEW NELCHINA PUBLIC 1 SEPTEMBER 1993 APPRONOMANS SCALE IN MALES nee ALTERNATIVE ROUTE ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBIUTY STUDY .FIGURE 2.9-1 VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES MAP-5 OF 11 MAPS DAMES &MOORE nae vesyoewe*erpebadensoeSS LTT SSalge fare raat' N USITNATITER UAP-7 wA MAP-3 WA"wt dS or VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND fees Z.POTENTIAL VIEWS .atit,*$AREAS OF HIGH DIRECTION OF VIEWoo44gIMPACTPOTENTIALye+ Wl Mf ME GLENN HiGHWway SCENIC AREA/ RECREATION AREAS ommenme NELCHINA PUBLIC USE AREA ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS eeeeeeee TRAILS i APPROXOMATE SCALE IN MILES ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.9-1 VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES MAP-6 OF 11 MAPS SEPTEMBER 1999 DAMES &MOORE &Bae SORY29WASaaaandils1. MAP-6 MaP-2 w/t\dslpA_” MAP-3|wA VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND SCENIC AREA/FARECREATIONAREAS=...As eaee POTENTIAL VIEWS AREAS OF HIGH DIRECTION OF VIEW IMPACT POTENTIAL Wl ET BME GLENN HIGHWAY ooo NELCHINA PUBLICUSEAREA eeeeeeee TRAILS mms ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY t FIGURE 2.9-1 VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES MAP-7 OF 11 MAPS i SEPTEMBER 1993 APPRORMAT HEME WEE DAMES &MOORE cha iz MAP-7 MAP-2 waa |lpA” MAP-3Li VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND SCENIC AREA/FiRECREATIONAREAScees4Acenee POTENTIAL VIEWS e+*,%.AREAS OFHIGH DIRECTIONOFVIEWoeog)IMPACT POTENTIAL RESOURCES reyes MAP-8 OF 11 MAPS Wl WE WE,GLENN Hiway em eee =NELCHINA PUBLIC 1 SEPTEMBER 1993 °USE AREA APPROJOMATE SCALE IN MALES.eeeoooce TRAILS mmmmeeres ALTERNATIVE ROUTE DAMES &MOORE SEGMENTS 1 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBIUTY STUDY FIGURE 2.9-1 VISUAL AND RECREATION e . iN = zu ia MAP INDEX VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND MAP 10 oo LA.POTENTIAL VIEWSRECREATIONAREAS MAP-6 MAP-2 a DIRECTION OF VIEW NELCHINA PUBLIC IMPACT POTENTIAL, Bl I SNE GLENN HiGHWay eceeeeeee TRAILS _wumemes Ai TERNATIVE ROUTE ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY FIGURE 2.9-1 VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES MAP-9 OF 11 MAPS !SEPTEMBER 1993 APPROXIMATE SCALE IN MOLES DAMES &MOORE hie N3 " VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY SCENIC AREA A COPPER VALLEY INTERTIEiWAP-E wap-9_/--) we RECREATION AREAS a...Anson POTENTIAL VIEWS FEASIBILITY STUDY}--7 faarto_Ujp beset FIGURE 2.9-1pL$AREAS OF HIGH DIRECTION OF VIEW VISUAL AND RECREATIONWAMapa?IMPACT POTENTIAL RESOURCES MAP-6 ,MAP-10 OF 11 MAPSwpev4ADIsWAEE.GLENN HiGHWay 0 ses NELCHINA PUBLIC 1 SEPTEMBER 1993USEAREA| eoseccee TRAILS ee ALTERNATIVE ROUTE -_-DAMES &MOOREmAwap-2 Mar-3 .SEGMENTS QRSSuttonMAP-1]”. waP-t0 MAP-6 MAP-2 MAP-3|Sutton MAP-1 :at Vbbe ea Wl BE ME GLENN HicHway eveeeeee TRAILS VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES LEGEND al,POTENTIAL VIEWS A DIRECTION OF ViEW eameee=NELCHINA PUBLIC USE AREA memes ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS SCENIC AREA/ RECREATION AREAS AREAS OF HIGH (MPACT POTENTIAL ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY . FIGURE 2.9-1 VISUAL AND RECREATION RESOURCES MAP-11 OF 11 MAPS :SEPTEMBER 1993 APPRORMAN HEME mI DAMES &MOOREhe) Table 2.9-1 Matanuska-Susitna Borough Trails Crossed By Proposed Route Alignments Trail Name _ Route Alignment Kings River Trail | Both Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail Both Chickaloon River Trail Both Ninety-eight Trail Both Castle Mountain Trail Southern Purinton Trail Southern Boulder Creek Trail Northern Muddy Creek Trail Southern Pinochle Trail (Hicks Creek)Both Dan Creek Trail Southern Caribou Creek Trail Both Squaw Creek Trail Southern Alfred Creek Trail Northern Belanger Pass Trail :Both Crooked Creek Trail Southern Startup Lakes Trail Southern Old Man Creek Trail Southern Source:Matanuska-Susitna Borough,Comprehensive Development Plan:Trails (1985) CopperValley 12023-032-020 2-31 18November93 2.10 Visual/Scenic Resources The visual resources study of the proposed route alignments for this project is based on review of available published and unpublished documents,topographic maps,and site photo- graphy.Field reconnaissance was limited to an overflight of the project study area and a windshield survey along the Glenn Highway.No detailed studies were performed to determine the potential visibility of the proposed transmission line in the landscapes of the project study area. The proposed route alignments pass through two distinct landscape character types:the rugged mountains and valleys along the Matanuska Valley and the flat,open expanse of the Copper River Valley.The Matanuska Valley is well known for its scenic values.The high, rugged peaks of the Talkeetna and Chugach Mountains on either side of the valley are focal points for scenic views in the valley.Because of the access into the valley provided by the Glenn Highway and its proximity to Anchorage,the Matanuska Valley is a popular recreation destination as well as a major sightseeing corridor for tourists.Views from the Glenn Highway include scenery considered some of the most spectacular in Alaska.Travellers can view the Matanuska Glacier,Castle Mountain,Granite Peak,Matanuska River,Sheep Mountain,and theChugachRangefromthehighway. The wide,braided channel of the meandering Matanuska River is broken by occasional sections of rapids through narrow rock outcrops.Riparian vegetation communities characterize the lower areas adjacent to the river while upland areas are forest covered.Alpine areas are barren,rugged rock outcrops and exposed mountain faces.Visual interest in the Matanuska Valley varies with the seasons.In the summer,the exposed mountain faces varying from dark grays to red-browns and tans contrasting with the greens of vegetation.In the winter,vegetation appears dark against backdrops of the snow and ice. Copper River Valley landscapes are characterized by numerous lakes of variable size scattered among low rolling hills covered with low-growing,relatively homogenous vegetation including black spruce forest and muskeg.Views are generally open and unrestricted across the wide expanse of this valley.On clear days the focal points of views tend to be distant mountain ranges at the horizon. With the exception of the Glenn Highway and structures at several small communities, roadside lodges,dispersed residences,and telephone and electric distribution lines,the visual character of the project area appears largely natural.Views in the valley tend to be relatively confined by terrain and vegetation.Some residences and portions of the Glenn Highway are situated on high points providing extensive vistas along the valley. 2.11 Air Quality Air quality is generally good throughout the study area,although air quality issues have been raised in Valdez.ADEC has been working with industries in the Valdez area to identify and address air quality issues,primarily benzene emissions from industrial activities. CopperValley . 12023-032-020 .2-32 18November93 CVEA relies on diesel generators for roughly 28%of its power generation and has seven diesel generators located in Glennallen and six diesel generators located in Valdez.These generators are usually operated between October and May to supplement energy generated at the Solomon Gulch hydroelectric plant.Diesel generators are known to generate nitrous oxides, sulfer dioxide and particulates,as well as small amounts of benzene.The CVEA generators are not currently required to be permitted under ADEC's air quality regulations.However,under recent revisions to the Clean Air Act which go into effect next year,the Glennallen facility and the Valdez facility will require air quality permits.CVEA's generators are the only stationary source in Glennallen expected to require an air quality permit next year.In Valdez,there are other stationary sources in addition to CVEA's generators which will require air quality permits under the Clean Air Act revisions. 2.12 Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) 2.12.1 Introduction Over the past several years there has been an increasing public awareness and concern regarding electric and magnetic fields (EMF)and potential health effects associated with electric power systems.Generally,this increased awareness has been the result of media coverage.This coverage has highlighted findings from studies which indicate a correlation between health effects and EMF from power lines,while findings from studies which did not indicate a relationship between health effects and EMF have received limited media coverage. An environmental health concern raised by the public during the public meetings and comment period is the potential human health effects from exposure to 60-Hertz electric and,in particular,magnetic fields.Currently,there is no consensus within the scientific community linking health risks to exposure to electric and magnetic fields at levels expected to be generated by the Intertie. Public perception of health risks associated with EMF from transmission lines is focused on the magnetic field component of EMF.Although a large number of scientific studies have been undertaken to research various aspects of magnetic fields and possible health risks,the results of these individual studies have been contradictory. Electric and magnetic fields occur both naturally and as a result of human activity across a broad electrical spectrum.Naturally occurring fields are caused by the weather and the earth's geomagnetic field.Fields occurring from human activity are caused by technological application of the electromagnetic spectrum for uses such as communications,appliances,and the generation, transmission,and use of electricity.Below is a description of EMF generated from 60-Hertz power lines. Electric fields from power lines are created whenever the lines are energized with the strength of the field dependent directly on the voltage of the line creating it.Electric field strength is typically described in terms of kilovolts per meter (kV/m).Electric fields are easily CopperValley12023-032-020 2-33 18November93 shielded by most objects or materials such as trees or houses.Electric field strength decays ) rapidly as the distance from the source increases. Magnetic fields from power lines are created whenever power flows through the lines with the strength of the field dependent directly on the current in the line.Magnetic field strength is typically measured in milligauss (mG)or microTeslas (uT)where 1 mG is equal to 0.1 pT. Magnetic fields are not easily shielded by most objects or materials.Similar to electric fields, magnetic field strength decays rapidly with distance from the source. As an example,consider a household appliance.If the appliance is energized (plugged into an outlet)but not turned on (no current flowing)an electric field will be generated from the cord and appliance,but no magnetic field will be present.If the appliance is switched on the electric field will still be present and a magnetic field will be created.The electric field strength is directly related to the magnitude of the voltage from the outlet and the magnetic field strength is directly related to the magnitude of the current flowing in the cord and appliance. In Table 2.12-1,typical magnetic field levels due to common appliances and electric distribution systems are compared to fields expected from the Intertie.This table was made available to attendees of public meetings held in June 1993.From this table it can be seen that increases in magnetic field levels in occupied structures at least 600 feet from the centerline due to Intertie operation are expected to be well below field levels due to those other sources. Electric power flows across transmission systems from generating sources to serve connected electrical loads within the community.The amount of power flow over a transmission line is determined by the transmission line's voltage and the current.The higher the voltage level of the transmission line,the lower the amount of current neededto deliver the power for any defined power flow.The magnetic field generated by transmission lines is directly dependent upon the amount of current in the transmission line conductors.Electric transmission systems experience different levels of power flow throughout any given period as electrical consumption varies. CopperValley 12023-032-020 2-34 18November93 Table 2.12-1 Typical Magnetic Field Levels eee reer reer cere e eee eee eee eee cece ee Magnetic Flux Density Source of Field Distance from Source (ft)mG (field) Electric range (1)1 4-40 Microwave oven (1)3.25 3-8 Clothes washer (1)3.25 0.1-2 | Fluorescent lamp (1)3.25 0.1-3 Fluorescent lamp (1)I 5-20 Television (1)3.25 0.1-2 Electric blanket (2)less than 1 10-18 Hair dryer (1)1 1-70 Single Phase MEA 30 4.2 Distribution Line (3)75 0.9 Three Phase MEA 30 VA Distribution Line (3)75 1.4 INTERTIE 15 MW ROW edge 3 (4) 15 MW 200 0.3 15 MW 350 less than 0.1 INTERTIE 40 MW ROW edge 8.0 (4) 40 MW 200 0.8 40 MW 600 less than 0.1 Florida Regulation -; Lines up to 230 kV ROW edge maximum 150 (1)Data taken from Bonneville Power Administration's "Electrical and Biological Effects of Transmission Lines",1989. (2)Data taken from Electric Power Research Institute Journal,February 1990. (3)Based on typical Matanuska Electric Association construction standards and 140 amp current. (4)Note that Intertie magnetic field levels in Table 2.12-1 are higher than in the table handed out at the public meetings due to a decrease in right-of-way width from 150 to 125 feet. CopperValley 12023-032-020 18November93 2.12.2 EMF Health Effects The body of research on EMF and public health risks remains contradictory or inconclu- sive and,to date,the scientific community has not been able to form a consistent conclusion as to whether or not there are any adverse health effects from EMF at the field strengths and 50- to 60-Hertz frequency associated with electric power systems.The single area of agreement within the scientific community is that more and well-controlled research is necessary. Scientists have found that electromagnetic fields can produce a number of biological effects in humans.These range from making the hair on one's arm stand on end to changes in the rate at which the body produces various compounds.Some of these effects have been related to the electric field while others are due to the magnetic field.These effects have been difficult to determine and often are only detectable at field strengths well in excess of those the public is exposed to from power lines.Although it has been found that EMF causes certain biological effects,it remains unclear whether any of these biological effects have significant implications for public health at the levels associated with power lines. Research into possible biological effects of power line fields has been ongoing since the 1960s.During the early years of research,electric field was the primary focus.After years of research,these studies did not provide a conclusion suggesting risks to public health from electric fields at the strength associated with power lines.More recently,research has focused on . magnetic fields and potential health effects with an increasing number of studies here in the United States and abroad. The studies can be grouped into three general categories:cellular level studies,whole animal and human experiments,and epidemiological studies.These studies have provided mixed results,with some studies showing a relationship between magnetic fields and health effects while other similar studies do not support this conclusion.The area of research which is attracting considerable media and public attention is the studies of the relationship between cancer and EMF through epidemiological information. Epidemiology is a nonexperimental science which studies factors or agents that may cause health-related conditions in groups of people based on statistical data on the incidence of disease. Epidemiology has advantages and disadvantages over animal and cellular studies.An advantage is that since epidemiological studies pertain to the incidence of disease among humans,the results can suggest public health hazard impacts.A disadvantage is that since epidemiology studies are performed in an uncontrolled environment,it is difficult to identify and isolate other confounding factors in order to single out the impact of a particular factor or agent. The results of epidemiological studies are typically provided as statistics indicating relative risks by comparing disease occurrence within study groups (exposed groups)to the occurrence within control groups (nonexposed)or the general public. Epidemiology studies of EMF compare the relative risk of developing cancer for persons exposed to magnetic fields,or in some studies the association of "high current"wire configu- rations (study group),versus persons not exposed to the these conditions (control group). CopperValley 12023-032-020 _2-36 ;18November93 Studies which showa statistical association between magnetic fields and certain cancers have reported a relative risk of 1.5 to 3,compared to the control group,occurring at magnetic field levels of 2 mG and above.Reference to this 2 mG level in several epidemiological studies and in the media has resulted in this level becoming a threshold for public concern or perception of risk.To put the relative risk factor in perspective,researchers view a relative risk of less than 1.5 to be a weak association,1.5 to 3.0 a moderate association,and 3.0 to 10.0 a strong associ- ation between the factor studied and the occurrence of an effect.In comparison,the relative risk for smoking and lung cancer is 10 to 40 and is widely accepted as demonstration of the associ- ation between smoking and lung cancer.Conversely,the association between saccharin or coffee and bladder cancer continues to be debated with the relative risks found to be from 1.3 to 2.6. 2.12.3 Regulations A number of states and local agencies have adopted or considered regulations or policies related to EMF exposure.The basis for these actions has been varied although they could generally be attributed to addressing public reaction/perception relative to EMF as opposed to incorporation the findings of any specific scientific research. International Activity International Radiation Protection Association in cooperation with the World Health Organization have published guidelines for electric and magnetic field exposures.For the general public the limits are 5 kV/meter (up to 24 hours a day)and 10 kV/meter (for a few hours a day) for electric fields and 1,000 mG (up to 24 hours a day)and 10,000 mG (for a few hours a day) for magnetic fields. National Activity Although the EPA has conducted investigations into EMF related to power lines and health risks no national standards:have been promulgated.The number of studies sponsored by the EPA,EPRI and other institution has increased dramatically in the past few years. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists published non-ionizing magnetic field limits for occupations.At a 60-hertz frequency the limits are 10,000 mG for the general worker and for workers who have pacemakers,the limit was set at 1,000 mG. State Activities Several states have adopted limits of electric field strength at the edge of transmission line right-of-way.These limits range from 1 kV/m to 5 kV/m for electric field at the edge of right- of-way and 2.5 kV/m to 11.8 kV/m on the right-of-way.Florida and New York have adopted limits on the intensity of magnetic fields at the edge of transmission line right-of-way.These CopperValley12023-032-020 2-37 18November93 limits are 150 mG and 200 mG respectively and have been based on an objective of preventing field levels from increasing beyond levels presently experienced by the public and are not based upon any link between scientific data and health risks. Local Activity At present EMFs are not regulated in the State of Alaska. CopperValley12023-032-020 2-38 18November93 CHAPTER 3 -POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 3.0 Introduction .This chapter summarizes the potential environmental impacts on the resources described in Chapter 2.The evaluation of impacts is separated into short term impacts which occur during construction and long term impacts resulting from the continuing operations associated with the transmission line.Possible mitigation measures are discussed where appropriate. 3.1 Construction Impacts Construction impacts are those associated only with the actual construction phase of the project and therefore are generally short term in nature.Impacts which may be anticipated during construction are loss of wetlands;erosion and sedimentation of streams;increased noise and traffic in nearby areas;disruption of wildlife and loss of wildlife habitat;increased wages and jobs;and possible increased demands on lodging facilities if construction occurs during peak tourism seasons. 3.1.1 Wetlands and Other Wildlife Habitat Impacts Impacts to wetlands from the construction of the transmission line are expected to be minimal.The clearing of trees and tall shrubs in the right-of-way will result in the loss of some wetland habitat but it should not significantly affect the functional value of these wetlands. Impacts to wetlands and erosion and sedimentation could be minimized through the use of best management practices (BMPs)during construction,use of helicopters rather than building access roads and timing construction during winter months when the ground is frozen.Other wildlife habitat destruction during construction can be minimized through careful clearing practices and minimization of the natural vegetation to be cleared when possible. Clearing of trees on forested lands could cause significant impacts due to habitat loss and erosion,as well as aesthetic impacts.Approximately 40 percent of the alternative route align- ments pass through moderate to heavily vegetated bottomland spruce-poplar and upland spruce- hardwood forest areas.These areas primarily occur in the Matanuska Valley and could require substantial clearing of vegetation.In the upper reaches of Boulder Creek,Alfred Creek,and Squaw Creek,and across the Copper Basin,little clearing should be required except for line support structure locations which are expected to number approximately five structures per mile. Impacts from vegetation loss can be minimized through selective minimal clearing and by limiting the number of access and maintenance roads associated with the project.Vegetation that is removed or impacted in the more densely vegetated riparian and upland forest areas of the CopperValiey12023-032-020 3-1 18November93 proposed corridor,primarily through the Matanuska Valley,should revegetate within one to three years with colonizing species such as fireweed,horsetail and bluejoint.Trees beneath and adjacent to the lines could be permanently removed as they could present a safety hazard. Some areas of Alaska are currently experiencing problems with infestations of Spruce bark beetles.Proper clearing and disposal of trees in infested areas can minimize the potential for the spread of this infestation.State forestry regulations require that any white spruce trees cleared during construction activities must be either removed for salvage/sale or treated onsite to prevent the spread of the bark beetle infestation. 3.1.2 Noise and Traffic Impacts Although some blasting could be necessary during construction where rock is encountered, noise impacts on the surrounding communities are expected to be minimal due to the isolated location of the proposed routes.It is possible that there would be limited impacts on backcountry skiers and snowmobile riders in areas where the route alignment passes near or across trails. Traffic impacts will be minimized through the use of helicopter construction throughout much of the area.The Sutton area may experience limited noise and traffic congestion from construc- tion in the initial portion of the route leading out of the proposed new substation.The Glenn Highway will likely see increased traffic throughout the construction period as materials and labor are transported to the jobsite.These inconveniences would be expected to be of a limited duration.Impacts of noise on wildlife are discussed under the section on wildlife impacts. 3.1.3 Air Quality Impacts Construction of the intertie is not likely to significantly impact air quality in the project area.Burning of slash associated with clearing of the corridor would take place in accordance with ADEC and ADNR regulations on open buming. 3.1.4 Wildlife Impacts Some temporary disturbance and local displacement of wildlife species would occur during construction.Overall,habitat loss through right-of-way clearing along the trumpeter swan and waterfowl habitat areas would be relatively low.Temporary displacement of local moose, caribou and Dall sheep may occur during construction activities due to increased noise and activity in the area.There would be a greater potential for adverse impacts on caribou during the winter when caribou are sometimes present in the lowland foothill area east of the Eureka Roadhouse in the Copper River basin.The timing of construction in various wildlife habitat areas can be adjusted to avoid sensitive time periods in order to reduce the impact on area wildlife. Although some raptors may be temporarily displaced during construction,the impact will be minimal.According to a 1981 report by the Raptor Research Foundation,considerably more CopperValley12023-032-020 3-2 18November93 disturbance can be tolerated by raptors in the winter.Thus,disturbance impacts can be mini- mized through the timing of construction.Removal of perch or nest trees would reduce raptor habitat availability.In general,a protective buffer of 300 feet around nest trees is an acceptable form of mitigation and means of reducing impacts.A raptor survey should be conducted to update information on raptor nesting areas along the proposed alignments before final rights-of- way are determined. Construction activities in the area of Knob Hill may have adverse effects on a mineral lick used by area Dall sheep.Animal trails leading to mineral licks should be avoided by construc- tion activities so as to minimize indirect impacts.Special guidelines have been developed for activities in the vicinity of mineral licks.These guidelines are discussed further in Section 2.7.2. Black bear use a wide variety of habitats in the area and may be impacted by construction of the transmission line.Black bear are adaptable and are tolerant of change or disturbance. However,development which increases -human activity in black bear habitat may result in increased direct human-induced mortality of bears.Impacts on bears would increase with any temporary campsites and waste storage areas used during construction.Impacts on black bear can be reduced with appropriate construction management practices,such as requiring incinera- tion of burnable garbage,and "pack-it-in,pack-it-out"requirements. Brown bear are also found in the project area.Brown bear are not adaptable,and are intolerant of change or disturbance.It is especially critical for the brown bear not to be disturbed during the summer season.Again,increased human activity in brown bear habitat may result in increased direct human-induced mortality of bears.Impacts on brown bears can also be reduced with appropriate construction management practices,as mentioned above. Some temporary disturbance of trumpeter swans due to construction noise and activities may occur during construction of the line.Although foundation installation in the Copper Valley area will occur primarily during the winter,minimizing its impacts on the swans,other construc- tion activities will have to occur during other periods of the year.ADNR and ADF&G restrict activities in trumpeter swan nesting areas during the period May 1 to August 31,and any construction occurring in these areas during this period will be subject to approval by ADNR in consultation with ADF&G. 3.1.5 Recreational Impacts Both route alignments pass near or cross various trails in the study area.Although recreational impacts could be limited through scheduling construction during winter as much as possible,there will still be impacts on winter trail activities such as skiing and snowmobiling. These impacts are expected to be of a limited duration.Recreational impacts are discussed in more detail in Section 3.2.3. CopperValley12023-032-020 3-3 18November93 3.1.6 Economic Impact Construction of the project would result in increased wages and earnings for various construction trades and materials suppliers.The number of positions and length of employment will vary depending on the contractors selected and the construction schedule.The geographic distribution of the increased earnings and materials sales revenues will depend on contractors and vendors selected for construction.Retail businesses,including restaurants and lodging establish- ments,could experience increased business and revenue due to the influx of construction personnel. 3.2 Operational Impacts Operational impacts are those associated with the continued operation of the transmission line and are therefore long term in nature.Operational impacts would include the scenic/visual impact,impacts on recreation,impacts on wildlife and wildlife habitat,EMF impacts,and the economic impact of lower electric rates in the Copper River basin area. 3.2.1 Wetland and Other Wildlife Habitat Impacts Operational impacts to wetlands will be minimal.Areas under the lines will be selectively cleared of trees and tall shrubs periodically but this should not significantly affect the functional value of the surrounding habitat.Impacts to wetlands and other habitat will be minimized through the use of best management practices (BMPs)during all maintenance activities and minimization of the natural vegetation to be cleared when possible. Long-term impacts on non-wetland vegetation should be minimal.Some habitat will be lost as trees removed along transmission line corridors and maintenance roads will be not be allowed to regenerate.Vegetation cleared from maintenance roads could also be permanent as vehicle traffic and grading could largely inhibit regrowth.Vegetation cleared in alpine areas and across tundra areas are more prone to long-term impacts as these habitat areas tend to erode more easily and/or pool with water when the vegetation is removed.Again,these impacts may be minimized through the use of BMPs during maintenance activities. 3.2.2 Noise and Traffic Impacts Noise impacts on the surrounding communities will be minimal during maintenance activities. 3.2.3,Air Quality Impacts Air quality impacts from this project are expected to be minimal.Reduced use of diesel generators in the CVEA service area could result in air quality benefits for the Glennallen and CopperValley12023-032-020 3-4 I8November93 Valdez areas.However,since these generators currently contribute only about 28%of CVEA's total power generation and are usually used only between October and May to supplement power from the Solomon Gulch hydroelectric plant,this benefit is likely to be small.In addition, purchase of power from other utilities could result in increased electric generation in other areas of the state,which could offset some of the benefit realized by the CVEA service area.More detailed studies of potential benefits to air quality would need to be performed in order to conclude whether this project would significantly impact air quality. 3.2.4 Wildlife Impacts Waterfowl Some waterfowl may be adversely impacted by the presence of transmission lines. However,the overall incidence of collision and magnitude of loss attributed to waterfowl striking transmission lines is low when compared to total waterfowl crossings.The reason for the low collision rate is that most birds cross transmission lines ten feet or more above the wires.Young, inexperienced birds are more likely to collide with transmission line wires than older birds. Other factors which can increase the likelihood of collision include darkness,high wind velocity, fog or rain.Visibility of wires can be increased by attaching highly visible objects to the wires. State guidelines for trumpeter swan nesting areas dictate that impacts to trumpeter swans be minimized.These guidelines require special attention to the siting of the line as well as to the marking required where transmission lines cross rivers and other open areas.Maintenance activities in these areas must be timed so as to minimize disturbance to nesting swans. Raptors Potential impacts on raptors associated with a transmission line include disturbance,loss of habitat,collisions with the associated structures,or poaching of birds.Possible effects on raptors are highly variable.The species of raptor,the individual,and the seasonal timing of the disturbance all contribute to a given response and the subsequent effects.Disturbance of raptors during construction and removal of perch or nest trees are discussed in Section 3.1.3 above. Raptor collision is not a major problem with transmission lines due to the high visual acuity of raptors and the large size of transmission line conductors.Collisions are more likely to occur in foggy weather,at night in the case of owls,or when birds are distracted in some way (e.g.,when chasing prey).Fortunately,even these instances are uncommon.The Raptor Research Foundation has published studies on raptor protection measures for power line projects. The major potential problem addressed is electrocution of raptors on distribution lines.Transmis- sion lines do not pose a high threat of electrocution since transmission line wire separation is generally large enough to prevent birds spanning both wires.Research on practices to reduce raptor collisions with transmission lines include marking transmission lines for higher visibility especially in areas of high raptor use.Design and marking of transmission lines could be done in coordination with USFWS and ADF&G in order to minimize the potential for raptor collisions. CopperValley12023-032-020 3-5 18November93 Moose If road systems are built to access the transmission line for maintenance and repairs, vehicle access into areas may produce an increase in the demand for moose.Increased road access could increase hunter numbers to the point where area moose populations are adversely affected.Impacts could be reduced by minimizing the number of new access roads constructed for project maintenance. Caribou Impacts to the Nelchina caribou herd from this project are expected to be minimal.The herd's calving grounds are located north of the project study area and should not be affected. Increased road access could increase hunter numbers to the point where area caribou populations are adversely affected.Again,this impact can be reduced by minimizing the number of new access roads constructed for project maintenance. Dall Sheep The greatest populations of Dall sheep in the Talkeetna Mountains are found in the southern portion of the range,within the project study area.Hunting pressure on rams in this area is fairly heavy due to the relatively easy access from the highways,by air,and by all-terrain vehicles (ATVs).Increased road access could increase hunter numbers to the point where area ram populations are adversely affected.Again,the number of new access roads constructed should be limited to reduce this potential impact. Small Mammals Clearing activities associated with maintenance of the transmission line will likely displace small numbers of furbearers and rodents.The clearing will in some cases have the effect of opening up small areas of grasses as alternative habitat areas.Overall impacts to small mammals are expected to be minimal.. 3.2.5 Recreational Impacts The Matanuska Valley and adjacent Talkeetna Mountains are popular areas for recreation and provide opportunities for a variety of recreation activities.Peak recreation use of these areas generally occurs during the fall hunting season.Currently,most access in public use areas in the Talkeetna Mountains is by foot,horse,or all-terrain vehicle in the summer and by snowmachine or ski in the winter.New roads for transmission line maintenance would likely not affect winter access,however,they could provide for more extensive use of four-wheel drive vehicles in other seasons.Although new roads could potentially increase access for recreation use in the project CopperValley12023-032-020 3-6 18November93 area,increased access could put pressure on existing recreation resources and potentially result in overuse of some areas.These impacts can be minimized by limiting development of new access roads. Both route alignments cross or parallel portions of several trails including the Chickaloon-. Knik-Nelchina Trail system.Trails in this system are popular for both summer and winter recreation activities.A transmission line crossing or paralleling portions of these trails could adversely affect recreation use in the surrounding area.Impacts would be largely indirect because transmission line structures can usually be placed to avoid direct conflicts with recrea- tional uses (e.g.,roads,trails,developed recreation sites,etc.).The primary concern would be the potential effect of the presence of transmission line structures and new access roads on the recreation experience of hunters,fisherman,hikers,cross-country skiers,and other recreation users who generally seek natural landscapes for their particular activity.Transmission line structures would tend to degrade scenic values by introducing structural (industrial appearing) elements into the largely undisturbed landscape of the project. The proposed route alignments pass within three miles of six state recreation sites including King Mountain,Bonnie Lake,Long Lake,Caribou Creek Recreational Mining Area Tolsona Creek,and the Matanuska Glacier.Detailed visual impact studies of the six state recreation sites have not been performed and the following observations are based on limited ground and helicopter inspection and review of topographic maps. King Mountain recreation site encompasses a campground on the northside of the Matanuska River and extends across the river to about elevation 1100 feet.The Intertie align- ment would probably not be visible from the campground due to forest.shielding and steep contours,but it could be visible from viewsheds on the higher more remote southern portion of the site. Bonnie Lake recreation site area surrounds the lake with a campground located on the southeast shore.Due to intervening high ground and forest stands reaching to the lakeshore, views of the line on the southern alignment would probably be limited to one or two spans at a distance of 2.5 miles as it passes over the 3000-ft ridge in Section 8 on Figure 2.9-1.This observation is based on photographs taken by the R.W.Beck project engineer.The northern alignment would not be visible from the site and the route modifications shown on Map 2 of 11 in Volume 1,Section III of the Feasibility Study would likely be less visible than the southern alignment shown in Figure 2.9-1. Long Lake recreation site surrounds the lake and extends to elevation 1800 feet to the south.Due to steep contours,the line would probably not be visible to the north for either the northern or southern alignment from the lake itself.However,the southern alignment could be visible at a distance of 4-5 miles looking northeast from the lake or from high ground looking north to northeast. Caribou Creek Recreation Mining Area extends for about 1.5 miles along lower CaribouCreek.It encompasses the creek bed as well as its banks to about elevation 2300 feet.It is possible that the southern alignment would be visible from the creek bed if creek bed meandering CopperValley12023-032-020 3-7 18November93 does not impede the view or from the higher elevations of the site.The northern alignment would not be visible. Tolsona Creek recreation site is situated at lower elevations of Tolsona Creek where it meets the Glenn Highway.The campground is located on the banks of the creek from where neither alignment would be visible due to topographic contours.Dense forest also impedes the view from this area. Matanuska Glacier recreation site is located on the north side of the river at the foot of the glacier.Views of the southern alignment to the west and up Pinochle Creek may be possible from portions of the site.The line may be visible to the north from this site,although it is more likely that people would be looking to the southeast towards the glacier. Although none of these recreation sites would be directly affected,the presence of transmission line structures potentially visible to users of these recreation sites may affect views of surrounding scenic landscapes,and thus result in adverse impacts to visitors'recreation experiences. The southern route alignment passes lodges located along the Glenn Highway including Snowshoe Lake Lodge,Mendeltna Lodge,and Tazlina Lodge.Both route alignments pass about three miles north of Tolsona Lake Lodge.Although the route alignments would not directly affect any of these lodges,the presence of a transmission line would potentially affect the recreational experiences sought by lodge patrons who use the surrounding area and trails. Visibility of the route from these lodges could affect the experiences of patrons pursuing a natural landscape setting,however it is likely that the line could be sited so that it would not be visible from the lodges.Also,aircraft landing areas are located throughout the area and are used for hunting,recreation and airtaxi service.Both route alignments could pose potential hazards for aircraft where they would pass near lakes used by floatplanes and other landing strips. A discussion with local residents indicated that an abrupt knob above Little Granite Creek, east of Sutton,is used as a take-off point for hang-gliders.Both route alignments could be a potential obstruction hazard to hang-gliders in this area. Although most direct impacts to recreation resources could likely be avoided by careful structure placement,the proposed transmission line could result in potentially significant effects on recreational use in the project area,in particular,for portions of the Chickaloon-Susitna Trail system.- 3.2.6 Visual/Scenic Impacts Visual impacts were analyzed based on topographic maps,photographs and one flight over the project area.A more definitive visual impact analysis should be performed including field verification of sight distances from the highway,recreation areas and lodges.Additionally,this impact analysis does not address all potential mitigation measures which could be taken to reduce the potential visual impacts discussed below. CopperValley12023-032-020 3-8 18November93 In the Sutton area,the initial portion of the route alignments could be visible to some residences on Jonesville Road,north of the Glenn Highway.However,this view may be shielded by dense forest in the area.A few residences located on an escarpment east of Sutton would likely see a portion of the alignment in this area.The route alignments pass north of the Chickaloon area out of view of most residences in this area.The final portion of the route alignments may be visible to the south in the distance from residences on high ground north of the Glenn Highway in the Glennallen area.Other portions of the route alignments may also be visible from isolated residences along the Glenn Highway corridor (not specifically identified for this study). The proposed transmission line,on either the southern or northern alignment,would be a prominent feature in the viewshed of winter and summer recreational users of the Chickaloon- Knik-Nelchina Trail system,where it crosses the trail or parallels them at relatively close distance and shielding from topographic features or forest cover is not effective.Although the portions of the routes that parallel the major drainages of Boulder Creek,Hicks Creek,Caribou Creek, Squaw Creek,and Alfred Creek would not affect views from the Glenn Highway or residences. along the highway,they would affect the scenic values of these areas and be visible to recreation users of the area.Transmission line structures would introduce structural (i.e.,industrial appearing)elements into the largely undisturbed landscape of the project area degrading scenic values.The presence of transmission line structures and access roads in any of the largely barren drainages in the Talkeetna Mountains would cause high visual contrasts.Because these land- scapes have little to no forest cover,there is minimal potential for screening the transmission line structures from view. Although the southern route alignment would pass to the north of the scenic areas around Sheep Mountain and the Matanuska Glacier,and be largely out of view from the Glenn Highway, this route could still potentially adversely affect some views of these scenic features of the Matanuska Valley.In addition,the southern route alignment may be more visible to airplane passengers sightseeing or traveling to and from lodges along the highway.The northern route alignment could avoid potential visual impacts to the scenic features in this area. .From Sutton to approximately milepost 90 of the Glenn Highway,both route alignments would be largely unseen as they would traverse the lower slopes of the Talkeetna Mountains above the highway behind some lower foothills.Where the southern alignment passes between Anthracite Ridge and the highway,it may be occasionally visible although trees on the lower slopes would provide some screening.The southern alignment could also be visible from theGlennHighwayjustwestofVictoryRoad. The southern alignment would again be visible from the Glenn Highway where it traverses the largely barren foothills of the Horn Mountains,parallel and a mile north of the highway,from Startup Lakes to milepost 133 of the Glenn Highway.A portion of this routewouldalsobevisibletonorthviewsfromtheEurekaRoadhouse. From Slide Mountain to Glennallen,portions of the southern route alignment could occasionally be visible by travellers on the Glenn Highway and may also be visible in the -middleground and background from Snowshoe Lake Lodge and Mendeltna Lodge.There is a CopperValley12023-032-020 3-9 .18November93 slight possibility it could also be seen from the Tazlina Lodge and the Tolsona Lake Lodge. Both route alignments would be visible where they cross Lake Louise Road,a high-grade gravel road serving as the sole access road to the Lake Louise recreation area,and where they cross the Glenn Highway.The southern route alignment crosses directly over a scenic overlook located on Lake Louise Road. The Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities is planning to re-align and improve portions of the Glenn Highway.Re-aligned portions of the highway and several proposed pullouts and waysides could potentially increase the visibility of portions of the routes to sensitive viewers. Both of the proposed route alignments would introduce structure contrasts (e.g.,transmis- sion line structures)and cause potential landform contrasts (e.g.,construction access roads)in the largely undisturbed natural landscapes of the majority of the project study area and result in adverse visual impacts.Potential impacts to views from recreation trails in the Talkeetna Mountains could be significant.Visual impacts to views from the Glenn Highway,residences, lodges,and state recreation areas would likely be less significant because of existing visual contrasts in the landscapes surrounding these viewpoints. 3.2.7 Economic Impact Economic benefits,in the form of lower electric rates,could accrue to CVEA customers as a result of this project depending on cost and financing structures.These lower rates may have an indirect effect of stimulating economic growth in the Copper River Valley area. Negative economic impacts to tourism related businesses in the Matanuska Valley area may occur - but are likely to be minimal. 3.2.8 Land Use and Community Impacts Matanuska Valley As stated in Chapter 2,the primary land uses in the project area are recreation and wildlife habitat.The area is relatively undeveloped and provides a wilderness recreation opportunity within a short drive from the large population center in Anchorage.The Glenn Highway running through the project area is considered one of the most scenic highways in the state.While the transmission line is not expected to be visible from the Glenn Highway except in some limited locations,it is likely to have a significant impact on the scenic and recreational resources along the project corridor. Issues addressed in public comments and summarized in resolutions passed by Matanuska Valley area community councils,the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council,the Greater Sutton Chamber of Commerce and the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Planning Commission and the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly include the impacts to the popular and historically significant recreational trails;increased pressure on wildlife habitat resulting from increased CopperValley12023-032-020 3-10 18November93 access to these areas;the spread of bark beetle infestations due to clearing for construction;visual impacts upon the scenic qualities of the project area and its related economic impact on local tourist oriented businesses;impacts on the quality of life;potential health impacts from EMFs; and the need to examine other alternatives for meeting CVEA's power needs.Although many of these issues have already been addressed,they are summarized below. There may be an indirect (visual)impact on the recreational trails,as the potential route alignments do pass near,parallel or cross some trails.These impacts may be minimized through careful siting of the routes and trail crossings.It should also be remembered,that many backpackers and hikers currently hike along "powerline"trails both in the Matanuska Valley and in Chugach State Park. The loss of wildlife habitat and the increased pressure on wildlife can be minimized through careful clearing of rights-of-way and limiting the number of new access roads to be constructed.The ADNR Division of Forestry regulates the clearing of forested areas and requires that white spruce trees be either removed and salvaged for timber or treated onsite in order to prevent the spread of bark beetle infestation.Treatment could include controlled burning, chipping or effective crushing. The visual impacts of the project are addressed in detail above.Visual impacts may be reduced to some degree by using the more northern alignment and carefully siting the line.The economic impact on tourism related businesses resulting from the visual impacts of the line is hard to measure.Although the visual impact may negatively impact tourists'recreational experience,this does not necessarily mean that it will reduce the number of tourists who come to the area for the scenic views. Impacts on the quality of life in the area are extremely hard to measure.Quality of life is a subjective criterion and the impact of this project on the area's quality of life is impossible to quantify.Components which may affect quality of life such as visual impacts and economic impacts are discussed above. Concerns over potential health impacts from EMF were raised in the public meetings held in June.Current research has not shown a causal relationship between EMF and any specific disease but research is continuing.EMF levels outside the project's right-of-way are expected to be minimal.However,to address stated concerns,route alignments were sited at least 600 feet from all identified occupied structures wherever possible.EMF is discussed further in Section 3.2.9. Many letters from the public and most of the resolutions received recommended that CVEA examine other means of meeting its energy needs.CVEA has examined other alternatives and an economic analysis of this project versus the other alternatives is included in the Feasibility Study. CopperValley12023-032-020 3-11 18November93 Copper River Valley Public comments received from the Copper River Valley area were generally in support of the project due to the economic benefits which could be expected in this area.A resolution was received from the Copper Valley School District stating that the project would have a positive impact on the school system in this area. 3.2.9 Electric and Maenetic Field (EMF)Effects An acknowledged potential impact to public health from electric transmission lines is the hazard of electric shock.Electric shocks from transmission lines are generally the result of accidental or unintentional contact by the public with the energized wires or conductors. As is required by the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC)and accepted engineering practice,the design of the Intertie would include safeguards to protect the public and minimize electric shock hazard.These safeguards include construction of the transmission line to maintain sufficient clearance between the energized conductors and the ground or other objects.In addition,the transmission line would be equipped with a relay system to detect and shut off the line in the event of any electrical short or other unusual condition affecting the integrity of the line. The lack of scientific consensus regarding potential health effects from exposure to 60- Hertz transmission line magnetic fields and the absence of regulatory guidance precludes the identification of any adverse environmental health impacts that would occur as a result of the proposed Intertie. Computations of electric and magnetic field strengths were made for the proposed Intertie using state-of-the-art computer software.Figures 3.2-1 and 3.2-2 show how electric and magnetic field strengths vary with distance from the transmission line centerline.The computations were based on a conductor height of 25 feet and typical H-frame construction with 16-ft phase spacing.and,for the magnetic fields,two levels of electrical load on the Intertie,15 MW and 40 MW.The 15-MW load level represents the near-term peak load that might be expected on the Intertie.Current system peak load is about 10 MW,so the CVEA load must increase 50%to reach the 15-MW level.The 40-MW load level is the maximum design electric load for the Intertie. Figure 3.2-1 shows that the electric field level at the edge of the 125-ft right-of-way willbeabout0.43 kV/m,while at 600 feet from the line the field would drop to about 0.001 kV/m. Figure 3.2-2 shows that the expected magnetic field level at the edge of the 125-ft right- of-way will be about 3.03 mG for a 15-MW load and 8.04 mG for a 40-MW load.At 600 feet away,the fields drop to 0.03 mG at 15 MW and 0.09 mG at 40 MW. The levels.of EMF from power lines can be reduced in three primary ways:through field cancellation,through shielding,or through increasing the distance from the source.Shielding is CopperValley12023-032-020 3-12 18November93 effective for electric fields but is of limited effectiveness for magnetic fields.However,field cancellation and increased distance froma line are effective for both electric and magnetic fields. For transmission lines,the reduction of the magnetic field is based on the square of the distance from the line to the point of interest.Field cancellation is achieved by symmetrical and close spacing of conductors,as well as special split-phase and other designs.The Intertie would rely exclusively on distance from occupied structures to limit field strengths.At the 600-ft separation from the Intertie centerline to known occupied structures,other mitigation measures would not offer substantially lower field strengths and are not required. 3.2.10 Access Roads In the foregoing discussions it is observed that minimizing new access roads and accessalongtheIntertiecorridorwilllimit.impacts to wildlife,visual and scenic resources,etc. Activities associated with design and construction of a transmission line like the Intertie require access to and along the right-of-way.Construction is usually least expensive where overland access is practical.However,where the right-of-way is remote and/or terrain is not amenable to construction of access roads,i.e.,in wetland areas,helicopters are often and economically used.In wetland areas construction activities will be mostly limited to winter time to minimize impacts. The 125-foot right-of-way itself will contain a clear-cut swath of 50-75 feet dependingonforestcoverheightandtopography.Within this clear-cut swath,a primitive 12-ft travel way will be grubbed,i.e.,stumps will be removed,to allow movement of construction and mainte- nance vehicles along the right-of-way where terrain permits.Occasionally,to avoid wetland or muskeg pockets and other obstacles,the travel way may leave the right-of-way.The extent of this required deviation cannot be estimated at this time.Access roads along the right-of-way will be severely limited in wetland areas subject to U.S.Army Corps of Engineers Section 404 and State permitting.The transmission line right-of-way itself will generally provide increased access to parts of the corridor,depending mostly on the amount of existing access via trails and pre- existing forest cover,i.e.,the extent to which the right-of-way clearing improves unimpededtravelalongitsroute. The Intertie route alignments cross several existing roads.Both northern and southern alignments cross Jonesville Road in Sutton,Lake Louise Road,the Glenn Highway,an old mining road in the Chickaloon area,Martin Road near Eureka and the Tolsona Lake/Moose Lake Road.These points would provide access to a transmission line right-of-way and then via the primitive transmission line access road to approximately 40-50 miles of the right-of-way before being limited by stream crossings.Off-road vehicles (ORVs)and all terrain vehicles (ATVs) may be able to access greater lengths of the right-of-way than this.In many cases vegetation in ravines and other topographic depressions as well as riparian growth will not be cleared and will obstruct vehicular traffic between adjacent line sections. At this stage of the environmental study and project planning,it has not been determined if or to what extent upgrading existing trails and roads or building new access roads is practical or desirable considering potential impacts.Whichever sections of the route alignments are not CopperValley : 12023-032-020 3-13 18November93 accessible overland,will have to be constructed with significant helicopter assistance.This determination would take place during permitting and easement acquisition. Temporary,non-public access roads for construction could be deliberately obstructed after construction,and typically,if not used often,will overgrow on their own over time.These roads would then not be available to utility crews for maintenance and inspection,which would have to be accomplished via helicopter at greater expense.Permanent public and non-public roads which intersect the right-of-way will provide access to the right-of-way.To the extent that these access points are more appealing and accessible to ORVs and ATVs than existing trails,these road/right-of-way intersections would increase access and impacts associated with greater access. The effect of any such increased access would be further assessed should the project proceed to an EA or EIS,if required. CopperValley12023-032-020 3-14 18November93 j t-125'Right-of-Way o D = © Qa >x k ++t _/8 +++1 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Distance in Feet From Center of Transmissin Line Figure 3.2-1 Sutton-Glennallen 138-kV Transmission Line Typical Electric Fields -- «-125'Right-of-Way L 40 MW Load a L so P|oO 15 MW Load E «a -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -10 '¢)100 200 300 400 500 600 Distance in Feet From Center of Transmission Line Figure 3.2-2 Sutton-Glennallen 138-kV Transmission Line Typical Magnetic Fields CopperValley 12023-032-020 3-15 18November93 CHAPTER 4 -BIBLIOGRAPHY Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation.1993.Personal communication between Bill MacClarence,ADEC and Maryellen Tuttell,Dames &Moore. Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G).1972.A Checklist of Freshwater Fishes in Alaska by Range and Location.ADF&G Sportfish Division,Juneau,Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game.1978.Alaska's Fisheries Atlas,Volume II.Juneau, Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game.1978.Alaska's Wildlife and Habitat,Volume II. ADF&G Habitat Division.Juneau,Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game.1984.Fish and Wildlife Resource Element for the Susitna Area Planning Study.ADF&G Habitat Division.Anchorage,Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game..1985.Copper River Basin Area Plan.Fish and wildlife element atlas.ADF&G Habitat Division.Anchorage,Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game.1985.Alaska Habitat Management Guide,SouthcentralRegion.Map atlas.ADF&G Habitat Division.Juneau,Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game.1992.Catalog of Waters Important For Spawning, Rearing or Migration of Anadromous Fishes.ADF&G Habitat Division.Juneau,Alaska. Alaska Department of Natural Resources,Alaska Department of Fish and Game,and Matanuska- Susitna Borough.1985.Susitna Area Plan.Anchorage,Alaska. Alaska Department of Natural Resources and Alaska Department of Fish and Game.1986. Copper River Basin Area Plan for State Lands.Anchorage,Alaska. Alaska Department of Natural Resources and Alaska Department of Fish and Game.1986. Matanuska Valley Moose Range Management Plan.Anchorage,Alaska. Alaska Department of Natural Resources.1992.Fact Sheet:Nelchina Public Use Area.ADNRDivisionofLand. Alaska Department of Natural Resources.1993.Personal communication between Helen Nienheuser,ADNR and Maryellen Tuttell,Dames &Moore. CopperValiey12023-032 4-]--18November93 Alaska Department of Natural Resources.1993.Personal communication between Michele Jesperson,ADNR and Maryellen Tuttell,Dames &Moore. Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities.1992.Glenn Highway Parks (MP 35)to MP109,F-042-2(11).Environmental Assessment and .Final Section 4(f)Evaluation. Juneau,Alaska. Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities.1993.Personal communication between Cheryl Fisher,ADOT/PF and Maryellen Tuttell,Dames &Moore. Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center.1975.Alaska Regional Profiles,South- central Region.Volume I.University of Alaska,Office of the Governor,and Joint Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska.Anchorage,Alaska. Cowardin,L.,et al.1979.Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United © States.USFWS,Biological Services Program,Report FWS/OBS-79/31. ¢Dames &Moore.1989.Wishbone Hill Coal Mine Environmental Information Document.Draft Report.Anchorage,Alaska. Hemming,J.E.1971.The Distribution and Movement Patterns of Caribou in Alaska.ADF&G, Wildlife Technical Bulletin No.2.Juneau,Alaska. Matanuska-Susitna Borough.1987.Matanuska-Susitna Borough Comprehensive Development Plan:Trails Inventory.Planning Division.Palmer,Alaska. Matanuska-Susitna Borough.1991.Chickaloon Comprehensive Plan.Palmer,Alaska. Matanuska-Susitna Borough.1991.Ordinance Serial Number 91-080.An Ordinance Of The Matanuska-Susitna Borough Adopting The Chickaloon Comprehensive Plan.Palmer,Alaska. Matanuska-Susitna Borough.1992.Ordinance Number 92-145.An Ordinance Of The Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly Adopting New Chapter 17.18 (Chickaloon Special Use District)Of The Borough Code.Palmer,Alaska. Matanuska-Susitna Borough.1993.Personal communication between Ken Hudson,Matanuska- Susitna Borough and Alison Smith,Dames &Moore. Matanuska-Susitna Borough.1993.Personal communication between Fran Sager-Boss, Matanuska-Susitna Borough and Maryellen Tuttell,Dames &Moore. Olendorff,Richard R.and Robert N.Lehman.1986.Raptor Collisions with Utility Lines:An Analysis Using Subjective Field Observations,Final Report.Prepared for Pacific Gas andElectric. CopperValley ' 12023-032 4-2 18November93 Raptor Research Foundation,Inc.1981.Suggested Practices for Raptor Protection on Power Lines,The State of the Art in 1981.Raptor Research Report No.4. R &M Consultants,Inc.1981.Visual Assessment of the Glenn Highway.Glenn Highway Project Technical Reports.Prepared for Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1978.Impacts of Transmission Lines on Birds in Flight. Proceedings of a Workshop,Oak Ridge Associated Universities,Oak Ridge,Tennessee. Biological Services Program,Report FWS/OBS-78/48. U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1980.National Wetlands Inventory Program.Anchorage Quadrangle 1:63,360 scale wetlands maps.USFWS.Washington D.C. U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1980.National Wetlands Inventory Notes to User for Anchorage Quadrangle 1:63,360 scale wetlands maps.USFWS.Anchorage,Alaska. U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1980.National Wetlands Inventory Program.Valdez Quad- rangle 1:63,360 scale wetlands maps.USFWS.Washington D.C. U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1980.National Wetlands Inventory Notes to User for Valdez Quadrangle 1:63,360 scale wetlands maps.USFWS.Anchorage,Alaska. U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1980.National Wetlands Inventory Program.Gulkana Quad- rangle 1:63,360 scale wetlands maps.USFWS.Washington D.C. U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1993.Personal communication between Phil Shempf and Sande Tucker,USFWS and Dave Erikson,Dames &Moore. U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.1992.Personal communication between S.Ambrose,Raptor Biologist,USFWS and Dave Erikson,Dames &Moore.' U.S.Geological Survey.Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2283,Geologic Map and Summary Geochronology of the Anchorage 1°x3°Quadrangle,Southern Alaska. CopperValley 12023-032 4-3 18November93 APPENDIX A SUMMARY OF AGENCY MEETINGS On March 17,1993 Dames &Moore hosted a meeting to introduce the regulatory agencies to the conceptual plan for the project and to solicit feedback on environmental sensitivities on alignment alternatives.Representatives were present from the Matanuska-Susitna Borough,U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service,U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Alaska Division of Governmental Coordination,Alaska Department of Fish &Game,Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation and the State of Alaska Office of History and is attached. Summary of Agency Meeting March 17,1993 The primary areas of concern are listed below: visual impacts in scenic and recreation areas, raptor-safe designs, proximity to nesting raptors and the need for a raptor survey, trumpeter swan nesting areas along the eastern half of the route, transmission line strikes by migrating waterfowl, impacts to historic trails (state and federal), impacts to the Matanuska Valley Moose Range, impacts to the Nelchina Public Use Area, caribou wintering areas, dall sheep lambing areas, impacts of new access roads and construction camps, crossing of anadromous fish streams, impacts to wetlands and the need for wetlands delineation,and need for a major archeological survey on the preferred alignment,especially within the Matanuska Valley. Archaeology.The attendance list COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE PROJECT AGENCY MEETING MARCH 17,1993 NAME AGENCY PHONE Mary Cocklan-Vendl Dames &Moore 502-3366 John Duffy Matanuska-Susitna Borough T459850 Greg Gault Dames &Moore (208)3446140 Lawrence Dugan U.S.Fish &Wildlife Service ,21279 Gary Saupe AK Dept of Environmental Conservation 563-6529 John H.Westlund AK Dept of Fish &Game 267-2199 Bill Keller U.S.Army Corps of Engineers 753-2716 Michele Jesperson State Office of History &Archaeology 702-2631 Don McKay AK Dept of Fish &Game (Habitat Div)267-228A Jim Hemming Dames &Moore a 562-3366 Paul Dorvel R.W.Beck &Associates (206)727-4632 APPENDIX B PUBLIC COMMENT DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase'ofa planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase |atwhichcommentsmaybevoiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the cons{ruction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are receivedat least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15.1993 for the Phase I report and October {,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. /. sy Name of Person Commenting:Laut,Auct2 Hick C ct oK HCO 3 €L/0MailingAddress: ts unacliprahlys COMMENTS: Continued on Back DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase J at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties wha may be affected by the construction and operation of the Entertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route altematives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage.AK 99519-0849 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least (wo weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 18,1993 for the Phase |report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. mike Venare Rel © Serten AK FRE ay Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: 2 COMMENTS:TRoOTATY oR THE MAT VALLE Y KyeR! A 0 gf ZF Dow SAnoT LoTR2.Goirh Threw Wy | THe whole eas is Ridicvles goo On LY A MWrvre Yr oelene,You A O T BottKwoW There ARG Chenfher And Befjex NAB oF CP 2aTi moRe Power sPTNERfe This (©Test 5 Continued on BackAUTRESONTDFGETHBLSTATEQLAasAT TAX Pa {ERS EXPence_) DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phaseofaplannedtwo-phase feasibility study of the Intertic.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase J at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However.use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided:attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase |report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Al Ariens Py eee bsPO.Bex eSSatoAC 99604 Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: COMMENTS: am eppesed te Mh comstrcetionn ef his iateetie |c --Casper Ne (le ,a)act Bacon try:wg +o A;acd 3 thie ast 'Je Soucciesofpoder..my liSesmr.shoulS a be Sace iced so that+h ceodents in {boa Ceppee-vate\'{C.aN hae chea po f?Oulree\Ag incker tie 13 ary ace lng ac colutes ss supply VAG powerContinonBackf »vesidente oF "HL Come Walla.9 TTtereside">ce OPE \vel oy '\ke seacchk oe aldzensive souvees of Power -should bean Nol |C coal Wydeotlecis cam ctew Aal 4%ete+)\."== DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will followin the second half of 1993,if fundingpermits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. 'The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertic are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as @ convenience to any party wishing tn comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not {cel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Ermerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage.AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least (wo weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 1S,1993 for the Phase §report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. PadNine Deuer Re K (7a Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: COMMENTS: Ae fet a Continued on Back DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS 'ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase }at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public.meetings. The comments of all parties wha may be affected by the construction and operation ofthe Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical ta the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-08469 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase |report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 Krlcciih (Fiz Mailing Address:;|2D 192 :Sutin Alscks. ITY Name of Person Commenting:"a COMMENTS:J doyk l.he i L _Nene.iL ve heCNAoulofWehire--OLhare|Capaee Luke,pee eA GU fe /SOALY-Wher Caxe |Ft Continued on Back fe SAY oWhary Ae Si atitt"f i 9 |oy /a.) DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the [ntertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. , The comments of all parties wha may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will he recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as @ convenience to any party wishing to comment.However.use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Eimerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage.AK 99519-0849 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October t,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Ljwboe SS.DELLINGER.Name of Person Commenting: 0 82x 33 SUTFBW AK PIE7PSMailingAddress: 7 4FAVSSIALLOCATIO4)»4y po,FOWESU/LLE KP, COMMENTS:LD ofhose TE Cole UA av area Te eo Ove Home x LAKMD BEVe sro CLOSE PROKMUTY JR ree SEOTECLT: ALSO )17 Any WE LATIVELY AFFECT JHE SMALL 7RURISAL VERM™MRES Po FACE Now AS Week AS DIS COURAGE Ferk FIER VENTE RES Yn THE FOTURE Continued on Back DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV . electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase I at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if fundingpermits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties wha may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertic are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience (to any party wishing ta comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel timited by the space provided:attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical ta the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received al least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15.1993 for the Phase |report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:LMengacet LD Sor thrLOBOKBSSSuttyyAK GPOSYMailingAddress: comets:J oa,exKemeliy treet J amLopeetfatousLheticeK"A SILLLUletlsleerFOtagigMiceradsKe;the Sheek.Ke Ai fezZhe bY _alened MaacabalGjLurevigC2Lbagp rmiinued on BashJectaCheaserGhictitclly,po a icaCLEG2yC1CkexyMh..-,4 VIF¢POD CO AVWLrre-VAC}AG vali 7 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing ta comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided:attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:Like Lbexttes Mailing Address:_both helene'Ah FOYE COMMENTS:As -.ae lin.end Iye.on .=2 Kk Slr Subst r wae ing Onpuacd 4 Ye Atle!Ip4AeSforatler.Totetée.49 feed »TD kine Lyfe CenteredthenShehetthrishaYet.fleaftle mn thode Nh rrbegs 7A Be/a The farmetywreda +a been +o tabtiolel vd ho Tie OS 'nsh.fry borg Sev Kine end PrePrg brnkemadaLeedsheey:,L ahha'ath Yao -Coffowed on BackJyKetenack./¢ DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet-is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report.:TZ.7D ie70.Bax 277SurrealAR Fe 72 Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: COMMENTS:;-_:MMENTS FYE Vie fa Va ar TAKE 72 Cons i Se WZ yD)eager E-THs LIN €é Carre p USE LUBED To LEME CE €ww iz Ge.L pws7 fa Bytes CEr TPE OK Ch bunne EMeI C F VAS|sr,A 7PMETOON/fon ee SEQ Fo?THE LE ' h ee) /rare L-SIIE. Continued on Back DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase .of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to.comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comnmients will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report.. ;. Name of Person Commenting:SHWE >PA (Q2fe rida Mailing Address:PO Dc Alo ; Sia trawl)MY 9 FUP=WRALGOV- TV4AS=-CISbe jews Ou). 1-6-9 COMMENTS: vp.L thw De Se DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase J at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of thé Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be includedin the reports provided theyare received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:(ave Doe) i .ov tkMailingAddress:°SitinAk FICTE COMMENTS:olimgey oppeae ARE conclructiinng oeLe t)poundcntin-Te delice Danae ancl Sutin,Go pil oh on atwwehyamcthiprunepuimtuinJandaamdseme(naanagt "ah BF Lint.2KyJucommurdlaneONOMLAaltinatinrloHurPITandlmotLUTE. Continued on Back DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY.AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority Is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary In order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage.AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least (wo weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 1$.1993 for the Phase |report and Octoter 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:NY ancy E Doh ASca Mailing Address:Box 254 Sutton,Ak Gos74 don't Went this jotecrtie System tu GeCOMMENTS:Fheo%g hh.Sutton.LT fee/that the CopperRivecValleyShould!Persie -Natarel Ges orhydiaelecteiePowerplantsforHeirloce/ares. Continued on Back DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings.| The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided:attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O,Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15.1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report.are”T4S FST -4 yonAKSHELCnLuc "¢-ceNameofPersonCommenting:=We -23 DK (CO Spor anette SVE.PGFMailingAddress: COMMENTS:a MAT W7-Ce Ark nie Sicac®Nork DH 0JPee} Lc bot.Fuad,4,- puete Crow iste Ko es ----wee Fhe.OW |Cas Meco KER KalD POF we Do 2 aIEm ToeE DT TS COKio,7 JAMS EFFRCOP”rrinved on ectSovOTeS77NioCsapneTeCaferin£0 , |-bus CHES Khse [|feeSdn.OE PNED Te COMMENTS:(Continued)KH Ly wee CeyeCe LDisiwes chi LeeHATJaeaAsoree-Cre)Ti Gane BS SeFa fs2yeeLepensorMachFAwoelekfee7HaTT(cnc lay,27D)Desreod SCE[1/0022 Auge DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertic.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided:attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Ace faimend ek LO.Rox M4? Aickalom YHlaske G$FEDS Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: COMMENTS: As <S CMEONE.who -wmovek.fo C.4 cckale «3 Clause.oF cVs 4 Couy.unc.aS SAMEAN &_ gho Aunts Atkes,nel oheewhe engig.¢thhoaeeeGbEGSMigniFiceStkCounTeySlewcayHESS ?- O ye j A)L-.a 'Oo 'ore pees nae Cyppe °Vitheg i etertre fay A continued on Back[CLEVES me COLA .iF yee Chat X po ryeUnderGt-a urd t - * .m wl.7 is °me \5e -_'x ty Over hoak Towing by COMMENTS:(Continued) -_- Vix aye FO Ya |Vawess ai Anr.ZopotizornYofgetrmon,af Hydankoe¥Yo see 7¥rm Fle * Chickelornn Fas,.Skevk Lpeh oN | | /-wy LX VOCy plan Yo AK ak fiat]. DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will followin the second half of 1993,if fundingpermits,and would include one additional set of public meetings.1Thecommentsofallpartieswhomaybeaffectedbytheconstruction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered..We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication ofthereports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase |report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. .\. ')4 Name of Person Commenting:LSS,\\\eins L 3 oil Mailing Address:Po Rx wt CWrelcalee ke Fob 7 COMMENTS:Tk Yu,nabs yearee is Teh ux wet"Ss Moarh "Yaa sen in "Seton,x ww \\Rasrece oyey Common }S Ox le diswirsicny. Continued on Back DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Gleanallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility,study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication ofthereports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October I,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report.: Name of Person Commenting:i GC M LEE "Mailing Address:box 277 / Paumer FAR FIbYS eT |'a wu pve cf thatevtr 18 aotSuygustHi"h ritaon Carib WG shidy dolores ratleWSanikandgs262)ap sak d,vs"de nex ASIhydecot6S45&chen P le feofeq Pr ot colar,w ul deb A .van on BackZLHeCUA.naw?f ies in ,d:stead #©ud step,4 wwe dicl 2 HiefcatiedStegthAetrenus Alegesta Power7 COMMENTS:(Continued)_.|el ve a bie amin tact ons HtLSEof.nook -é "4 "i er r [owe ms)(Ad deadvuPLOAiSAL,1S oper ww bl ey ae Ly f ”in sub-par LthingnkSenerWAAecufponisS+To Avawrel Hh.mass obectont A Conyac .Lilt hile oe because the hye vo fe satency|Jfourt hilre managed oy eA) 5 e "oo ./° gy St rae ore.{7A $3 1 °re i ,f LPL 74 (wad ;- DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 3 atwhichcommentsmaybevoiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to "the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing ta comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered,We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0849 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June £5.1993 for the Phase I report and October !,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:Dock.Sve ascaA Mailing Address:CO Cx 438 Palmer AK FWIbYs COMMENTS:MO COC EINK 1d Sor We health cf MY SHE ctongWScouse|Hood agordes ch EME*S are ac ton.'Ope INLiSsomeWouldsodwddolooGsereThosOOawSrortlyLelooiechVWesunWoorldunGo.THN ceseanchaedhePendrotumisSOR Ns NOt conchuaQnNevesBoyWOOLongesade.(The NOMangO S :we eeenokeeeOWPreshasysoKwouhis : ) COMMENTS:(Continued) ) LOINC ET A VD CAR COIING ALG LG On ALO Koro Exsoku <oneerawomHaneBasco-Time Mog Get Dv,WIV -G.30)"Torr soe FES.19GB PoOicalion By She Nodionei Ruroh*Oecdiasc Coco.Wasson -"the EMEQING eviderce no longerMeesGreroPOASQONcaANGQasseckwhereareROTisks|,DO A childs ciskK MONK Vac Fease Rear alsock Lin 10,O0GGDOA-BAiN 10,CCO Dy Wine near a&MAST eleck ic distriboO!ne Wadia ais,iN MIA,hous can ANVONE JesietyCong"ANS line nrougin?Neo SSAUMENDS Lor clheagerPOELEACCasUSAis4QeingSVENSHESetsersHealth>vis |E\eaksic COPROAMES LA Yhe buwec UK howe be:Hea be AN Cour ox WEOSs Goes Similara.COMO eT Siet Mes;We LOO Ws rote?Ook,Shere Sa deKinadie Osu.;. .en eeXOGNNAmeCocternrdBEESNENSpRnWsUneMoskwok AGLOCOCAN, .YO oddsess Whe "Dock coonkku cocle”olan:There havebeen'assuxance Ss to leys\oskor s 'took Brace Vine "Sec la tonor\EOSk Gre MAE Coon Gay cesdernce®Oo VOL CEalizcWweow'GAN ve AXOra,We Mansa”?One Mile LromMaNOMEOVS"ME Une iA the wMddadle cK re MolanuskRiverOConWeeageofaVerNcalohee,Whee Ao Woreepense:he ne mil Go?Mo one is NAVE arovan YoWeaveWeGOLedcompanyWillEIQROGHoelineacrossWecoumryusdeAOGsgersonalpropemy.Me.MoclessSrores KHhok ne ocoote Seqees Ning "ANS Line hoveNoccessASWHEleartimotevseofstokeandfederallands6.Ord aod OAV CLE wee.Cot Lard)is Sor Mare penehih and ENOYMEK o&&al\Niaska™Lesi DE HY,Wome (SQ aot "Oo MYpereh®.Thus >Dot \erar Lionode ie Fv ovbve \oros ax \eoSr mot until She heal cuks acc been Qk hive - CEN ES .mR is May feeling Yorok winera ne nea ttlnOsoeopleADwvolvedk,We MO EXTOF ON >Re siche chcormMoag.The Boesvons are,Were @ncd onanswerectasWecesequclsQ9eSOW."VO oO eros oust of. Snent \oones oC es Sekt heal ok ciskK AS not CTONAITO,PNERLCET COWET AO anuone-we art PAY,iInwne end.De is a sed loackwacds for Masta! Oo Soic]e Ye Mine Serroug tn. DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Lntertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase |at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report.. Name of Person Commenting:AUDLCLa Lee Mailing Address:Pox a 2 7 /-_Lida Ak 4FbO¢s ness dfoh [Pe pat,OCOR EY TX Sheep.)did am Alaska Revidert Suto o geOcompletelyobjectHoekUwGAoidatoardANS(not fo reenter ugia U :on unten 1 to be perpte&mastty plan nttd-by be Mawy 2y2 Comme-ein ahha (state).I aed AO Neal The hktath Aishs ore AVoastios 49 ers Uniw by Kathy (Dove)Wrigit -Burckimen49Ndhaiipirsn,patter nor deine yr YY how we ortoWe ectme arena -Tourion(1 tr Grad«"bully.When tut hits alin neeweyart)burt"steuriem pulloueor 2 ScomoncieMooseOL)Oe tke °}Lo hwo,Gre wae,to Lanopot UUST BE UAW |parae ree BEM AAED bury the,Mh Heres Lo pom Lncrtoiible water maternuon.meh ech etagcs encloetd)[FukOockswit)pan prrceatonaLULtectye-YlisoefyMtad Mian.Wk bre.Lertate1AUOAELVER)JE*G.Oife NOX potlectezonyHejfe,Oe have Heke "oAUINan;a Utena.+0 He ae PLGA CerALT1.eerelee UMS DETATCHANOMAILvn arta egetBaeon --YES Please start my World Watch subscription for the following term: ___One Year (six issues),$15 [Half off our cover price] ___Two YEARS (twelve issues),$26 ___Turece Years (eighteen issues),$33 Payment method:0 Payment (check or money order)enclosed.©)Bill me. NAME (PLEASE PRINT): ADDRESS CITY/STATE/ZIP Please allow.4-6 weeksfor thefirst issue to arrive. goeppx -Ouulside the L'S..the subscription rate is $30.00 per rear (six issues). WORLD-WATCH THE rnaesi t MAGAZINE GF ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS orget the environmental smal! 'talk or the distraction of glitzy °-advertising.When you're« keeping an eye on the entire biosphere,there's no time to - waste;no space to waste. !World Watch is packed with no-nonsense environmental analysis on the problems that most trouble Earth-not just in your backyard,but on every continent. One year of World Watch i keeps you up to date on the latest environmental trends and the bottom line on what's looking up,and what's going sour.But World Watch delivers more than just the latest word on the environment-we bring you solutions. Subscribe for yourself or a :friend today! JANE M.WEISSMAN Photovoltaics for Utilities: Commercialization i Collaboration An effort to accelerate the commercialization of photovoltaics for utility applications is under way around the country. nationwide collaboration of leaders in the energy policy and planning communities is working toward creating a sustainable market for photovoltaics (PV)in the domestic utility sector.It began ata December 1991 meeting in 4 fie Tucson,Arizona where participants identified a series of activities that would stimulate greater near-term use < of photovoltaics in the utility market. For the first time,key players in the <utility sector,the photovoltaic industry, state utility regulatory commissions, state energy offices and state con- sumer advocacy groups agreed to work together to accelerate utilities' use of PV.as a generation option.A grid p [taic sy dackWeinhoid,Photography:Nantucketon the One action step called for the for- mation of 2 utility PV groun.Another called for forming working groups at the state level,since issues vital to the adoption of PV need to be resolved within state and local jurisdictions. Activity Begins The Utility Photo Voltaic Group formed in 1992.Now a chartered orga- nization,this group includes investor- owned utility companies,publicly- owned utilities and rural electric coop- eratives (see sidebar on page 32). State-based collaborative working groups also came together in 1992.A. dozen states have formed or are in the process of forming Photovoltaics for Anumber of recommendations and action steps resulted from this meet- ing.Utility executives acknowledged the need to learn more about photovol- taics and to take a positive,proactive role in developing it as a resource op- Nantucket Elementary School.Because Nantucket Island is not cted to the maintand power grid (Nantucket Electric Company serves the island)and d d increases dramatically during the summer tourist season,PV has high fuel,capacity and environmental value in this first U.S.island PV Utilities (PV4U)State Working Groups.As of January 1993,Arizona, California,Colorado,Massachusetts, New York and North Carolina had or- ganized PV4U State Working Groups and Ohio,Delaware,Maryland,Hawaii, tion.Regulators recognized the impor- tance of using a broader,more robust eco- nomic framework in the Integrated Re- source Planning (IRP)process.IRP fo- cuses on achieving a mix-of supply-and demand-side resources that provide en- ergy at the lowest cost to utilities and con- March/April 1993 installation. sumers.Most importantly,those groups with a stake in photovoltaic development (the "stakeholders”committed to a coor- dinated,joint-action strategy to facilitate the integration of photovoltaics into the utility resource portfolio. Texas and Idaho were in the process. PV4U State Working Groups bring to- gether representatives from the stake holder communities to develop mission statements and identify strategies to facili- tate institutional acceptance of off-grid and grid-connected PV systems.To this end, 31 Collaboration For the first tline,xev Diavers...agreed to work together to accelerate generation option. the State Working Groups are focusing on developing hardware appropriate to util- ity applications;identifying regulatory, policy and institutional barriers to PV de- ployment;and developing strategies to ,femove these barriers.The Arizona group,for instance,has been meeting regularly since the spring of 1992.One subcommittee is charged with exploring the possibilities for com- mercial and small industrial grid-tied sys- tems.A second subcommittee is looking at PV-covered electric vehicle parking ap- plications. In Colorado,the Public Utilities Com- mission adopted a docket to investigate the opportunities for expanding utility par- ticipation in renewabie energy activities. Through this mechanism,the Commis- sion will examine regulatory barriers to renewables,value analysis of cost-effective renewable applications,the effect of "green pricing”,the impact of large orders for photovoltaics on the PV industry and recovery mechanisms to encourage large- scale utility purchases of photovoltaics and other renewable technologies.The Com- mission also intends to analyze issues re- lated to "set-asides”for renewables in re- source planning. The California group has prepared a draft commercialization strategy which proposes sustained support of the PV in- dustry through a purchase program.Such a program would stimulate production economies and produce learning curve benefits that could significantly reduce the cost of PV systems.The strategy is based on three central concepts:1)sustained orderly development (see Donald Aitken's article "Sustained Orderly Development of the Solar Electric Technologies”in the May/June 1992 edition of Solar Today): 2)commercialization path lifecycle cost- ing (see Donald Osborn's article "Using Solar Energy at the Sacramento Munici- pal Utiliry District”in the July/August 32 1992 edition of Solar Today);and 3) proactive leadership to stimulate early adoption.: Massachusetts PV for Utilities Collabo- rative is committed to educating all inter- ested parties about the benefits and oppor- tunities PV offers Massachusetts,today and in the future.The group's role also extends to promoting hardware projects that demonstrate PV applications with strategic importance in the commercial- ization process.Preliminary strategies in- clude outreach to the Department of Pub- lic Utilities and to electric,gas and com- munications utilities in Massachusetts. North Carolina's State Working Group has formed a collaborative partnership among utilities,industry,academics,con- sumers,regulatory bodies and govern- ment to expedite the use of photovoltaics by utilities.For their first project,North Carolina Power has offered to use 12kW of PV modules in a commercial DSM project guided by the NC PV4U Working Group., National Endorsements Several national associations have en- dorsed this framework for moving PV from currently cost-effective applications to fu- ture significant utility use.A resolution, adopted by the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)in March 1992,supports the idea that PV's economic and system benefits should be fully explored by utilities and state cuinmissions in their integrated re- source planning (IRP).The NARUC reso- lution further states that regulators should support utility investment in currently cost- effective PV applications and in trials of emerging applications that will become cost-effective as PV system prices decline. The National Association of State Util- ity Consumer Advocates (NASUCA)also approved a resolution in November 1992 supporting the implementation of current cost-effective PV applications in utility sys- tems. The Collaborative Process The collaborative process offers an unprecedented opportunity to focus di- verse perspectives on the common goalofpromotingPVcommercialization.A sec-ond meeting held in Stuart,Florida in December 1992 brought the stakeholder communities together again.This national workshop refined the photovoltaic com- mercialization path by focusing on three key agenda items. First,participants heard reports on new developments affecting photovoltaics as a utility option.Working sessions then fo- cused on the development of project, policy and process options and developed _action steps.The third section of this pro- gram addressed the immediate,mid-termandlong-range goals of each of the stake- holder communities. Collaborative action balances the inter- ests of different communities while build- ing a sustainable market for photovoltaics. Such a market would not be susceptible to policy fluctuations,scattered technol- ogy endorsements and premature or un- realistic expectations.PV's contribution to the energy resource mix goes beyond energy supply,reliability and availability. The environmental and economic benefits Participation trom: State Energy Offices Public Utility Commissions .Utility Consumer Advocates Photovoltaic industry Environmental Groups Transportation Departments} Department of Energy Support Offices - Solar Advocates Public Interest Organizations Photovoltaics for Utilities -State Working Groups Electric Utility Companies (Investor-Owned,Publicty-Owned,and Rural Cooperatives) State Government Offices (Economic Development Boards,Legisiative Committees,Environmental Agencies, SOLAR TODAY ofAscensionTechnology.Photocredit:WilllamBerg,UniversityofMassachusettsLowellMarch/April 1993 OE ee Sh tat Ee LA e's oe The collaborative process offers an un- precedented opportunity to focus diverse perspec- tives on the comunon goui ofpromoting PV commercialization. of accelerated PV commercializatien can be shared by all of society.© Jane M.Weissman is currently the na- tional coordinator of the PV for Utilities State Working Groups and is the former Director of the Massachusetts Photovoltaic Center.She can be reached at 15 Haydn Street,Boston,Massachusetts 02131-4013, (617)323-7377,FAX (617)325-6738. Author's note:The 1991 Tucson meet- ing was organized by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI),the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI),the Solar Energy Indus- tries Association (SEIA),the National As- sociation of Regulatory Utility Commission- ers (NARUC),the National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates (NASUCA),the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)and the U.S.Department of Energy (DOE).Since the Tucson meeting,the American Public Power Association (APPA)and the Na- tional Rural Electric Cooperative Associa- tion (NRECA)have become part of this commercialization initiative. The Photovoltaic Assisted Lighting Project (PAL)is a multi-year research and demonstration project jointly sponsored by the Massachusetts Division of Energy Resources,the Massachusetts Electric Company and the University of Massachusetts Lowell Photovoltaic program.The PAL project has been installed in a Bradlee store at the Meadow Glen Mall in Medford, Massachusetts and will provide a portion of the store's lighting needs.This is the first commercial application of PV lighting technologies bya major retailer ia the U.S. 33 |yru An Idaho utility initiates a program to offer LARRY A.CROWLEY ry-{ é temysst i? PV electric service to remote customers. daho Power Company (IPC)-3 is a Northwest utility with"3 approximately two-thirds of #%its generating capacity com- ing from hydroelectric dams.TPChasrecentlytakenauniqueand .E acarefullyconsideredsteptooffer electric service to remote custom- ers-without the wire. In the fall of 1991,IPC devel- oped the conceptual outline of a business plan to stimulate,de- velop and serve a market for so- lar photovoltaic (PV)electric ser- vice within IPC's service area. IPC's approach was to offer solar PV service under the terms and conditions of a tariff for a three- year "pilot program.”(A tariff is information filed with the regula- tory commission on the basis of which the commission rules.) During the development of the solar PV business plan,IPC identified six principle PV appli- cations or remote market seg- ments which could be served under the pilot PV tariff.Those market segments include resi- dential electrical service,stock watering service,sign lighting service,general lighting,commu- nications sites and cathodic pro- tection sites. March/April 1993 t/ COLLETTA ETA Pumping water in remote locations is one of the market segments that will be served by idaho Power Company's new remote photovoltaics program.Photovoltaics are much more cost-effective than running a power line to such a smali load. With the approval of IPC Se - nior Management,we filed a for- mal application with the Idaho Public Utilities Commission on August 3,1992,requesting ap- proval of the proposed three-year pilot program.The Idaho Public . Utilities Commission issued its order approving the solar PV tar- iff on September 4,1992.In re- sponse to the Commission's ap- proval,we have now begun to implement the tariff.IPC has ini- tiated an aggressive advertising and promotion campaign to in- crease public awareness of pho- tovoltaics in general and our pro- gram in particular.We have also completed a comprehensive training program for our energy service representatives (who work with customers)and tech- nicians (who design and maintain PV systems).And finally,we have designed prototype PV systems and ordered the equipment nec- essary to assemble the solar en- ergy systems. In addition,IPC has received approval from the Oregon Public Utility Commission for the same tariff and has met with represen- tatives of the Nevada Public Ser- vice Commission to explore the 29 Remote PV Systems ELtb!lity criteria [forBartic.oationii the pro- f ure governed by SiiCit TLTIYS as Site aCCes- Sioiiity,Shading and - icad projiie. e,ecee opportunities of introducing the same con- cept in Nevada. Under the terms of the tariff,IPC will charge for PV service by using a flat monthly fee (service charge),rather than billing a customer on the basis of energy IPC has the sole right to determine eli- gibility for service under the tariff.Eligi- bility criteria are governed by such things as site accessibility,shading and load pro- file.The pilot program will offer us an op- portunity to validate our basic assump- tions regarding the demand for PV service and its appeal to customers. Batteries,and,in some systems,a pro- pane generator,will provide continuity of service.System design will require an 80 percent solar/20 percent propane genera- tor energy mix for those systems that re- quire a back-up generator. Program Benefits Utility The solar PV program has a number of advantages for the utility.First,it po- sitions the Company to offer a cost- effective,environmentally respon- sible energy option for customers in locations where distribution line ex- tensions are not practical or eco- _nomical.It also makes IPC a leader in the application of renewal PV en- ergy options within a regulated uti ity framework and establishes a posi- tive public image for the Company as an environmenially responsibie utility concerned about environmen- tal externalities and associated im- pacts.And finally,it allows the Com- f pany and its customers to benefit B -from the introduction of new tech- nology and realize the economic and environmental benefits associated with that technology. The three-year pilot program has a preliminary total system invest- ment cap of $5,000,000 with a $50,000 per system limit.IPC's in- tentisnotto sell solarPVsystems 'idaho Power Company's solar electric energysystemswillenableremoteresidential customers to have all the comforts without to its customers.Rather,we will serve our customers'electrical en- ergy needs with cost-effective PV 'the exp of r distances. delivered by the system.The customer is required to pay 5 percent of the estimated installed cost and sign a 5 year contract prior to system installation.The systems 'will be amortized over a 10 year period. The service charge of 1.6 percent per month applied to the cost of the PV sys- tem is intended to fully cover IPC's costs. 30 ing power lines long systems designed,assembled,in- stalled,maintained and owned by IPC.These PV systems will provide the basic electrical energy needs for those customers at remote locations that would otherwise require long line exten- sions from our existing electrical grid. To facilitate this process,the PV tariff will be implemented and administered by IPC personnel.Energy Services represen- tatives located in all of the Company's 34 district offices have been trained in PV Fenn RRA con noe IPC has recently taken a unique and carefuilyv considered step to offer electric service to remote customers-withiout the wire. systems and are offering customers infor- mation regarding these systems.In addi- tion,customer education proZrams re- garding highly energy-efficient appliances for use with solar systems are part of the pilot program. Initial response to IPC's proposal has been very gratifying.We believe that the benefits of this pilot program are signifi- cant,not only to IPC,but also to our cus- tomers and stockholders.For existing elec- tric customers,this program will help keep our electric rates among the lowest in the nation.For our new solar customers,this program should provide cost-effective elec- tric service that was previously unavailable, increasing their quality of life and produc- tivity.For stockholders,this program should enhance our earnings. Finally,we are excited by the opportu- nity to develop mutually beneficial com- mercial relationships with the PV indus- try itself.In our dealings to date,we have been impressed by the commitment and the competence of the people in the PV industry.IPC believes that the proposed program will benefit all segments of the PV industry.By expanding PV markets, manufacturers will be encouraged to in- vest in new manufacturing equipment and the trend of declining costs for PV prod- ucts may be accelerated.© LarryA.Crowley ts the Senior ManagerofStrategicPlanningatIdahoPowerCom- pany.He was formerly Manager ofPower Management and has served as the Man- ager of Rates.He can be reached at Idaho Power Company,P.O.Box 70,Boise,Idaho 83707,(208)383-2683. SOLAR TODAY DONALD AITKEN,PAUL BONY assive SO!ar Production HousingandtheUtilities.The stage is set for utility incentive payments to builders of low-cost,high-value passive solar production housing as agasdemand-side management program. tis commonly thought that utilities will only develop an interest in incentive payment pro- grams for passive solar con- struction when the heating energy resource displaced is electricity.This thinking is based on the belief that passive solar energy in building construction is still too expensive to compete against natural gas and that, once the utility has invested in incentives to promote energy conserving con- struction of new homes or sont sept Neuffer 'Construction sModel 1300,a one or two story passive .weatherization of existing solar home that uses about half the energy used by an equivalent High-Value conventional production house in the Reno area.homes,an incentive for ad- ditional solar features would only bring marginal benefits.This appears to be born out by economic estimates that represent passive solar benefits merely on - the basis of the calculated costs of de- ferred energy by "passive solar sunspaces”,reporting outrageously high figures (e.g.over $800 per million Btus, or MMBtu,conserved). Builders often assume that passive so- lar construction will be difficult,expensive and detrimental to their razor-thin operat- ing margin.And prospective homebuyers are led to believe that adding passive fea- March/April 1993 tures to a house will increase the cost dra- matically and may result in a hot,glary and uncomfortable home. In this article,we report on passive so- lar tract home construction in the Reno, Nevada,area that has enhanced the - builder's market and provided more afford- able and 'more comfortable homes for the entry-level homebuyer while displacing en- ergy at $1.50/MMBuu.This has caught the attention of the local utility,which is seri- ously considering offering cash incentives for the construction and sale of these homes as a gas demand-side management program.The increased benefits of adding passive soler features to en ergy conserving construction are what make the projects at- tractive to the utility. We hope that this analy- sis will begin to dispel some of the myths that stand in the way of popularizing a build- ing method that offers great benefits to all participants- builders,buyers and energy providers. Low-Cost Housing Starting over ten years ago,Neuffer Construction in Reno,Nevada began de- veloping their present series of passive solar models to add to their other model offerings.Since then,over 500 of the so- lar models have been sold,averaging about one in four sales.Today,however, solar models account for about one out of two homes sold.All of Neuffer's homes also feature insulation values well in excess of the Reno production housing norm. The Neuffer solar models come in three grades of solar benefit.The firstis a 23 i| |Solar Housing1-sam. LPCOSLIKin$n vc wa oe We | The increased benefits of adding passive solar features to energy con- Serving construction are what take the projects attractive to the utility. suntempered design,with favorable place- ment of the glazing on the south side,little on the north and none on the east and west sides.No thermal mass is added to the house.The second design includes en- hanced and larger south facing glazing, with tiled mass floors immediately behind the windows,across the full width of the house. The third model,illustrated here,is both their top of the line in solar perfor- mance and their lowest cost,entry level house.The photographs (pages 23 and 25)show the two-story version of the Modei 1300 and a view of the "Solar Gal- lery”,which extends across the south fac- ing portion of the house.With this orien- tation,the gallery also serves as the pri- mary entry,while the low mass wall doubles as a winter glare shield. The wall divides the sunken solar gal- lery from the rest of the living room to pro-vide additional directly irradiated thermal mass without a signifiant space penalty in the rest of the room.The protection it pro- vides from the low winter sun angles en- ables the rest of the living room to be car- peted and furnished without glare or fad- ing.The low wall and the three steps in its center up to the raised,insulated liv- ing room floor also allow improved con- vective thermal energy transfer,which is further enhanced by the very open inte- rior floor plan.. There is no net extra cost for the suntempered model.The mid-level solar model costs about $500 extra to build (for the thermal]mas).The extra cost for the solar features of the top-of-thesolar-line Neuffer Model 1300 is about $1500,rep- resenting about 1 to 1.25 percent of the sales price of the house,depending on the lot size.Because the house is the small- est and lowest priced model,the low en- ergy costs increase the ability of the en- 24 try-level homebuyer to pay the monthly - mortgage bills and still have an affordable home., Utility Incentives for Passive Solar A Starting Point for Economic Benefit Analysis Sierra Pacific Power Company,a utility operating in northern Nevada,operates its gas division in a least cost planning envi- ronment.This requires the company to compare the costs associated with in- creased gas supply options to the costs as- sociated with conservation efforts.The goal of the utility's demand-side planners is to develop conservation programs that meet additional gas load requirements at a cost lower than incremental supply options. The key component required for con- ducting this least cost analysis is the avoided (or marginal)cost associated with incremental supply options.For 1993,for example,Sierra Pacific's avoided costs fornaturalgasarecalculatedtobe$0.39 perwintertherm($3.90 MMBtu),plus $2.16 per peak day therm ($21.60/MMBtu)cal- culated over the system's 3 day peaking period.It is important to note that Sierra Pacific sells gas to its residential custom- ers for $0.45/therm. A simple analysis of conservation or solar energy savings over the lifetime of themeasureinequivalentcostofthermssavedcanbegintosuggestthepotentialforutil- ity cash incentives as a gas demand-side measure.For example,both experience and calculations show that the Neuffer Model 1300/1400 passive solar design saves about 50 percent of the energy used 'by an equivalent conventional production house in the Reno area,with the savings roughly equally divided between conserva- tion and solar heating.(Air conditioning is not generally needed or used in the Reno climate.)Compared to the average winter gas use of 671 therms in Reno,homes de- signed to this standard would represent an average saving of about 336 therms per year,at an incremental cost of construction of $1.15 per square foot. Over a 30 year lifetime this onetime investment of $1,500 therefore "banks”,on average,about 10,000 therms of con- served gas,representing a 1993 cost of about $0.15 per therm,or $1.50 per MMBtu.This would be a very attractive supply acquisition for the utility.Indeec with the utility willing to pay up to $0.39 per therm,a utility incentive payment of about $4,000 could be made to a builder for each home constructed to these stan- dards,and at these costs,and sal be com- petitive with marginal gas supply acquisi- tion.But that doesn't tell the whole story from the utility's perspective. The Utility's Economic Benefit Analysis Methodology The utility must base its decision to acquire savings througk cénservation or solar not just on this type of "Utility Cost Test”,but also on several other economic 'criteria,not the least of which is the po- tential impact on rates.It must also dis- count future earnings and savings in a manner consistent with utility supply re- source calculations.In order to accom- plish these multiple calculations and com- parisons,Sierra Pacific employs a spread- sheet-based model (Calscreen),which uses the conservation program cost ben- efit calculation protocol developed for the 'California Standard Practice Manual.It calculates the net present value ( present worth,PW)of the avoided cu. benefits associated with a conservation measure over the life of the measure by discounting the annual avoided cost val- ues,using the utility's discount rate of 9.4 percent nominal (that is,including infla- _tion.This value comes from Sierra Pacific's current blend of debt and equity financing costs.) This model provides an analysis of the value of a conservation program from five different perspectives.These perspectives represent the interests of the participating customer (Participant Test),the utility (Utility Cost Test),the non-participating ratepayers (Rate Impact Test),all ratepayers including participants and non- participants (Total Resource Cost Test) and society/environment (Environmen- tal/Societal Test). As a way of explaining these different tests,the following base assumptions are made about these different perspectives when evaluating conservation prograins : ©The customer participating in the conservation program expects the present value of his/her future energy savin; exceed the costs associated with the , +The utility expects the avoided cost SOLAR TODAY value of a conservation measure to be greater than the costs associated with ob- taining the conservation. «Non-participating ratepayers do not want their rates to increase as a result of the "lost”utility revenues from the conser- vation program savings. ©All ratepayers (participant and non- participant)do not want their average bills to increase as a result of the conservation program., *Society at large does not want the costs for the conservation program to ex- ceed the value of the avoided fuel and en- vironmental costs associated with the pro- gram. (Admittedly,this series of perspectives does not include the relative economic "multiplier”benefits of a conserved dollar spent locally in comparison with a dollar spent for energy resources from out of state.) Case Example Calculations With this background established,Si- erra Pacific evaluated two different solar homes for cost effectiveness.The first sce- nario was for the Neuffer Model 1300/ 1400 briefly described on page 24.The second was for the estimated performance of his "Suntempered”home,the Model 1775. The following assumptions were used: ©The winter gas usage of the average Reno home is 671 therms. The Neuffer Model 1300/1400 pas- sive solar home saves 50 percent of the energy (including conservation)used by an average Reno home.This model costs about $1,500 extra to build,and the utility would like to pay a "bonus”payment to the builder of $500 in excess of repayment of the incremental construction costs for each of these constructed. eThe Neuffer Model 1775 Suntem- pered home saves 35 percent of the en- ergy (including conservation)used by an average Reno home and costs nothing extra to build.The utility would like to pay a "bonus”payment to the builder of $500 for each of these constructed. The Calscreen results for three ver- sions of these two scenarios are shown in Table 1 (on page 26).(Environmental/So- Cietal Test is omitted for this example,to keep the discussion focused on measur- able economic variables.)The first column of that table indicates that the utility real- March/April 1993 izes a benefit/cost ratio.of 2.0 when reim- bursing the full $1,500 incremental cost and also paying the builder a$500 "bonus”. Or,the utility can pay up to $4,000 per home to obtain the 50 percent energy sav- ings associated with the Neuffer Model 1300/1400 as a gas demand-side manage- ment program that still passes the Partici- pant Test,and yields an acceptable Ben- efit/Cost ratio of 1.00 for both the Utility Cost and Total Resource Cost Tests.This is consistent,of course,with our earlier brief analysis. -But this produces a present worth rev- enue loss of $3,000 to the utility,which, added to the $2,000 proposed incentive for combined incremental cost reimburse- ment and builder bonus,represents a net loss to the utility of $1,000 in comparison with benefits.Thus,the proposed $2,000 incentive fails the Rate Impact Test.(Rates would have to increase to keep utility earn- ings at pre-incentive levels.) Sierra Pacific has received a consistent message from the Public Utilities Com- mission staff that demand-side manage- ment programs should not put upward pressure on rates,and hence should pass the Rate Impact Test on an individual case basis with a benefit/cost ratio of 1.00 or greater,even though the Rate Impact Test can be failed un- der conditions of highly attractive deferred fuel costs for the utility (the Utility Cost Test).The ex- ample here is that the failed pro- posed incentive of $2,000 for each passive solar home would still have acquired displaced natural gas at about $0.20 per therm,or $2.00 per MMBtu,still about 50 percent less expensive than the utility's average cost of $0.39/therm. A reduction of utility involve- ment by $1,000 (Column 2 in the table)produces a break-even con- dition in the Rate Impact Test,while increasing the benefit/cost ratios favorable to the utility investment from 2.00 to 4.00.This is because the utility would now be acquiring displaced natural gas at the bargain rate of $0.10 per therm,or $1.00 per MMBuu. [eat a nai ade oo oe 5:NS EIT Cnt SEITE] The goal of the utiiiiv's demand-side platters is to develop cotservation programs that nivet adcti- tional gas load require- iments at a cost :ower than incrementai supply optivrs. ar, the incremental costs associated with the solar home,very cost effective energy sav- ings can be obtained without placing any upward pressure on the utility's gas rate. This can be accomplished by the utility paying $1,000 toward the cost of the home, with $500 of this as a "rebate”to the homebuyer,and another $500 as an incen- tive to the builder.The homebuyer would pay $1,000 toward the incremental costs, while saving $3,000 in present-worth value of the future energy savings. It is important to note here that the eco- nomic analysis shows that $2,000 of those This nevertheless still leads to the attractive conclusion that if the homebuyer and Sierra Pacific share Interior of the solar gallery in Neuffer Construction's Mode!1300 passive solar home. 25 Solar Housing $3,000 in present-worth savings result from the passive solar gains over and above the savings from the enhanced en- ergy conserving building features. In actuality,though,the present ac- cepted market value (price)of this specific Neuffer model would not be affected, since the incremental cost of solar con- struction is already included in the adver- tised sales price.The homebuyer would therefore see the utility payment of $500 as an up-front cash rebate against the mar- ket price of this lowest cost model offered by Neuffer Construction.This money” could be applied to the downpayment for the home,and hence help the potential homebuyer to qualify for a home loan.Of course,the builder can also rebate his $500 bonus back to the homebuyer,to provide the full $1,000 cash rebate to the customer.One additional sale because of an enhanced rebate can compensate for a whole lot of forgone $500 "bonuses”. The third column in Table 1 (on this page)shows that the suntempered model, with no incremental cost to build,can also pass all utility economic tests at the same $1,000 cash incentive level,but with a slightly lower benefit/cost ratic to the util- ity,which means a slightly higher equiva- lent cost of the displaced natural gas.{It would be about $0.15 per therm,or $1.50/ MMBtu,still a bargain by any standards.) This does provide an incentive to the util- ity to favor those passive designs with the higher solar savings. Our analysis further demonstrates that Sierra Pacific could pay out up to $20 mil lion in $2,000 incentives for the top-of-the- line solar model (that is,pay $2,000 each for up to 10,000 homes,representing a very satisfactory penetration rate for this type of new construction)and cause an in- crease in rates on the non-participating ratepayers of about $0.00273 per therm. This would raise their total average win- ter energy bills by only about $1.83. By abandoning the Rate Impact Test,'therefore,the utility could rebate twice as much to the builder or homeowner,prob- _ably stimulating greater builder participa- tion in the program.The utility would still be acquiring displaced gas at half the cost of new supply and producing averaged net savings for all ratepayers,with only a neg- ligible impact on the nonparticipating -fatepayers.The corollary is that,in this instance at least.the requirement not to 26 affect the bills of non-participating ratepayers adds unnecessary cost to the utility system as a whole.Everybody loses-participant and non-participant alike.This certainly suggests that an unwavering adherence to the Rate Impact Test ought to be seriously revisited by the appropriate regulatory commissions.Such a reevaluation would serve the larger in- terest of saving money for the utility as a whcle while also promoting local eco-_ nomic development,increased energy sav- ings and enhanced environmental quality. Noting that Sierra Pacific's gas rates are higher than its avoided gas costs,it is very impressive that this program can be designed to pass the Ratepayer Test.This is a significant accomplishment for a con- servation program in general,and espe- cially so when valued against gas prices, rather than electricity bills.It would ap- pear that utility incentive programs for low cost,high value passive solar construction should now be put on an equal footing with other conservation and demand-side management programs.© The authors would like to thank Susan Calitet of Sierra Pacific Power cad Paul Neuffer ofNeuffer Construction for their con- 2 RANONein VE a oe EFS Moy et eyeaadESETUNS Utility incentive programs for low cost, high value passive solar construction should now be put on an equal foot- ing with other conserva- tion and demarud-side management progranis. z. . tributions to this article. Donald Aitken is a Senior Energy Ana- lyst with the Union of Concerned Scientists, Adjunct Professor at the Frank Lloyd Wright School ofArchitecture and ChairoftheAmeri- can Solar Energy Society.He can be reached at 20100 Skyline Boulevard,Woodside,CA 94062. Paul Bony is Supervisor,Energy Services Planning,at Sierra Pacific Power Company. He can be reached at Sierra Pacific,P.O.Box 10100,Reno,Nevada 89520-0400,(702) 683-4426.. SUMMARY OF CALSCREEN RESULTS Solar Model 1300 Solar Mode!1300 Suntempered Model With Utility Incentive With Utility incentive =With Utility incentive ;Payment of $2,000 Payment of $1,000 Paymentof$1,000ParticipantTest PW Bill Savings 3Ks 3K$2K$ PW Incentives OKS OKS OKS PW Costs ; OKS 1K$OKs PW Net Benefit 3KS$Passes 2K$Passes ”2K$Passes B/C Ratio C .3.00 © Utility Cost Test sO PW Avoided Cost 4K$4K$3KS PW Utility Costs P46 1K$.1K$ PW Net Benefit 2S Passes 3K$Passes 2 K$Passes B/C Ratio 2.00 4.00 3.00 Rate (mpact Test PW Avoided Cost 4KS 4K$3K$ PW Revenue Decrease -SKS 3K$ 2K$ PW Utility Costs 2s 1K$1K$ PW Net Benefit (1)KS Fails OKS$Passes QK$Passes B/C Ratio .0.80 -1,00 1.00 Total Resource Cost Test . PW Avoided Cost 4k$4K$3K$ PW Utility Costs”2KS 1K$1KS PW Customer Costs OKs 1KS OK$ PW Net Benefit ,2K$Passes 2K$Passes 2K$Passes B/C Ratio 2.00 2.00 3.00 SOLAR TODAY PAUL BONY &ROSE TAYLOR in Northern Nevada i? A Nevada utility takes advantage of abundant sunshine and the economics of solar to expand the services it offers customers. avy ierra Pacific *&.,Power Company,.4 the largest elec-”tric and natural gas utility in northem Ne vada.is in a unique posi- tion to become a leader in the development of solar utility programs.The re- _mote nature of Sierra Pacific's service territory provides an excellent op- portunity for solar energy to provide a service option for customers who cannot afford to connect to the existing distribution sys- tem.Solar is a viable,eco- nomical alternative to new line extensions that cur- rently cost approximately $30,000 per mile. Sierra Pacific serves 250,000 electric customers in a 50,000 square mile service territory that covers most of northern Ne- vada and portions of eastern California. The company also provides natural gas to 80.000 customers in Reno and Sparks. te lz. Installing thePhotographybyUpeon Primary End Uses Sierra Pacific's opportunities to provide _solar energy service to customers are fo- 20 - cused on three primary end uses:solar water heating,solar space heating and cus- tomer-site photovoltaics. Solar space heating has the potential to become Sierra Pacific's largest gas de- mand side management (DSM)program. The company's natural gas system is win- ter peaking and is currently experiencing transmission capacity constraints.Solar space heating can lake the gas demand- side focus for residential customers be vond energy efficiency "shell”improve- .- a erm*1 PV panels for a stock watering installation at a ranch east of Fallon,Nevada. ments,such as added in- sulation,and into the re- quirements.Solar con- struction features could provide another option to address the efficient use of natural gas. Solar water heating is seen as a DSM alternative for the 60,000 Sierra Pa- cific customers who use electricity to produce hot water,and this has the potential to reduce both summer and winter peaks on the electric system. Sierra Pacific is actively exploring the potential of providing the necessary equipment and installation costs of solar water heating systems for customers,and recovering this investment over the life of the system as with other capital invest- ments. This alternative should enable the util- ity to provide customers savings on their energy bills while reducing costs included in rates that are associated with more tra- .didonal DSM measures.Solar water heat- ing also has the potential to become a cost- effective alternative to propane-fueled wa- ter heating. SOLAR TODAY duction of heating re- a/. Photovoltaics (PV)provide Sierra Pa- cific an excellent opportunity to bring elec- tric service to customers in remote areas who currently rely on fossil fuel genera- tors.PV systems can provide utility ser- vice for a lower life cycle cost than expen- sive line extensions.As with solar water heating,Sierra is exploring the possibil- ity of paying the PV system installation. costs and recovering these expenses over the life of the system. To date,Sierra has completed several solar-related activities.In late 1991,the company co-sponsored a community-fo- cused solar construction conference with the Nevada State Energy Office and the City of Reno.The conference was well received in the community.Asa result of this success,Sierra provided a follow-up workshop with the Passive Solar Indus- tries Council on the Passive Solar Design _'Guidelines developed by the National Re- newable Energy Laboratory.Sierra Pacific is also working with the Good Cents Divi 'sion of Southern Electric International to bring solar construction into the company's Good Cents residential energy efficiency program. In addition,Sierra Pacific's Research Development and Demonstration Depart- ment is preparing a proposal fora pilot pro-gram to test the utility's assumptions on the value of solar water heating as an elec- tric demand side measure.Sierra's goal is to have a 30-home pilot retrofit project in place by the end of 1993. Demonstration Projects Under Way Sierra Pacific Power Company is gath- ering data from two PV demonstration projects in the wide open spaces of Ne- PV panels provide power to pump water into'othese troughs for watering cattie at a remote Nevada ranch. November/December 1992 vada:PVs are operaling a water pump for one study,while the second installation is powering a ranch 26 miles from the near- est electric line. Remote Water Pumping Photovoltaic panels provide the energy to pump water for cattle on a ranch eastofFallon,Nevada,in the Stillwater farm- ing district.The system pumps approxi- mately 10 to 12 gallons per minute into three troughs.Previously the pump was 'operated by both a windmill and a gaso- line engine.which had to be refueled by a ranch hand every eight hours. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI and the Sandia National Labora- tory provided funding for the Stillwater Photovoltaic Powered Remote Water Pumping Demonstration Project.Sierra Pacific was among 18 utilities chosen by EPRI in 1991 to participate in PV demon- stration projects.The unit was installed in April of 1992. The Stillwater project affords Sierra Pacific an opportunity to explore a new service option for livestock water pump- ing in remote areas.Generally,a single livestock water pumping system requires less than 1 horsepower to supply the nec- essary water.Depending on the daily sys- tem requirements,which range from 1,000 to 3.000 gallons per day,a typical sys- tem may consume on 500 to 1,000 KWh per year.Advantages to Sierra from solar water pumping include increased use of service options for remote customers,decreased cost of service versus a conventional line extension and the development of new busi- ness opportunities.The initial cost of the system,which was installed by an outside contractor using an existing windmill structure and well was $8,085. At this juncture, the customer is ex- tremely pleased with the perfor- mance of the PV system.The instal- lation provides a constant flow of wa- ter to the troughs and requires little or no maintenance, except for periodic inspections and cleaning.PhotographybyUpsonPV Runs Appliances, Lights at Ranch Sierra's second demonstration project is providing power to a ranch north of Reno near the small community of Gerlach.The PV system installed at Charles and Lynda Greear's ranch con- sists of 12 solar panels with a dual solar tracker capable of providing 40 volts at 35 amps at full-rated output.The system in- cludes a DC battery back-up and an AC conversion unit. Installation costs totaled $20,000 and were partially subsidized by the utility. The Greears were responsible for the de- sign,procurement,installation and inspec- tion of the PV system equipment.The sys- tem provides 1 kilowatt of electricity for the family's washing machine,AC lights and small appliances with a DC battery back-up capable of providing 1015 ampere- hours of capacity for over 20 hours.The DC water pump for the house runs off the batteries and fills a 2500 gallon tank at a _rate of 40-50 pst. Sierra's role in the project was to review and comment on the design,specifications and equipment selected for the project. The Greears will provide the utility with monthly documentation on water output. maintenance activities and costs,system repairs and costs and system operation and owner satisfaction over the course of the first year of operation. Although Sierra Pacific's active involve- ment in solar power projects is relatively recent,long-term prospects for develop- ment of this enérgy source are excellent. As a dual electric and natural gas utility. Sierra Pacific has the opportunity to de- velop solar programs for customers served by both.Both Nevada and Cali- fornia have established least-cost planning requirements for gas and electric utilities. which provides a framework for develop- mentofDSM programs._ Sierra Pacific's DSM investments in Nevada provide the same return on invest- ment as traditional supply options,and,in both states,the potential exists to obtain shareholder incentives for DSM invest- ments.© Paul Bony is the Supervisor of Market Planning and Development and Rose Tay- lor is an Associate Analyst in the Research Development and Demonstration Depart- ment at Sierra Pacific Power Company in Reno,Nevada.They can be reached at P.O. Box 10100,Reno,Nevada 89520-0400, (702)689-4345. 21 J.DOUGLAS BALCOMB,PHD Passive Renewable Energy A Promising Alternative .» Passive buildings are less expensive to operate,more comfortable to live and work in and more environmentally sound than comparable conventional buildings.Why aren't there more of them? "=fT ost new buildings in theNA#2 United States should be |:"a/34 designed with passive re-oe y newable energy features, including passive solar heating, daylighting (when properly designed to reduce heating and cooling loads)and natural and low-energy cooling tech- niques.Buildings that incorporate these Strategies have a number of advantages over conventional buildings.They use less energy to heat,cool and light.which saves the owners money and reduces the risk of future fuel price shocks.They offer bright and cheerful interior spaces that are enthusiastically received by the occu- pants.And they cost little ifanything moretobuildthanconventionalstructures. Read almost any current article or report on energy or environmental issues and you will find conservation and passive renewable strategies recommended as the first lines of defense-"reduce demand before consid- ering supply-side measures.”Conservation and renewables seem to have it all-they are cost-effective,reliable.environmentally 22 The atrium in the Comstock Building in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania provides daylight deep into the building while exhausting hot air.The daylighting combined with the "solar chimney” red the it of energy required to light and cool the buitding. benign and enjoy wide public acceptance. Extensive use of solar and renewables could reduce our dangerous dependence on for- eign oil and other nonsustainable energy sources and create jobs domestically. Unfortunately,the current reality is that only a few dedicated builders and de- sign consultants scattered throughout the United States incorporate passive solar and conservation into all their projects. Their houses sell well and the energy per- formance usually exceeds expectations. But most of these builders are holdovers from the solar boom years of the late 1970s and early 1980s.They are usually small-scale operations and their numbers do not seem to be growing. Mature,Reliable Technologies Most experts regard passive techniques as mature technologies,ready to be applied. An examination of the wealth of experience gained over the last 15 years reveals aver- age energy savings in the range of 50 per- SOLAR TODAY m7: ed cent over comparable conventional build- ings.This 50 percent energy savings adds little if anything to construction costs,de pending on the application,the climate and the ingenuity of the designer. We actually know how to save much more than 50 percent especially in resi- dential construction.Many passive houses,including several that were moni- tored,require only 20 percent of the en- ergy it takes to operate comparable con- temporary houses,and some use even less.These houses use reliable conserva- tion and passive techniques,look much like other houses on the block,are much more comfortable to live in and usually cost no more to build than comparable homes. New methods of construction,such as structural integrated panels,make very high insulation levels practical and eco- nomical.These buildings maintain excel- lent indoor air quality by minimizing infil- tration,controlling ventilation and not in- troducing toxic materials.New glazing and window construction techniques re- duce heat losses through the windows by 50 to 75 percent compared to conventional double-giazed windows.This combination of strategies decreases space conditioning loads to minimum feasible levels.Passive solar heating and natural cooling can then be gracefully integrated into the design to offset 30 percent to 70 percent of the re- maining energy requirements.Plan books are available (see sidebar,this page). The key to success in commercial buildings is daylighting,which saves elec- tricity directly.Large savings in heating and cooling costs are also possible when the design balances requirements for heat- ing,cooling and daylighting.This ap- proach greatly reduces loads during util ity peak hours.In 12 monitored passive commercial buildings scattered through- out the United States,energy and operat- ing cost savings averaged 49 percent and 51 percent.respectively.Lighting costs in these buildings were 68 percent lower, heating costs were 44 percent lower and cooling costs were 65 percent lower than comparable buildings.On average,the buildings were not more expensive to build and post-occupancy evaluation re- vealed high occupant satisfaction,espe cially with the daylighting.The few prob- lems that did occur were evaluated and re- ported,and none were show-stoppers. With the commercialization of new prod- ucts such as spectrally selective glazings, we can do even betier. November/December 1992 So What's the Problem? So if passive buildings have so much going for them,why isn't everyone build- ing them?The buildings sector has proved to be quite intractable in terms of achiev- ing energy savings,reducing peak electric. loads and mitigating the adverse environ- mental effects of projected growth.In spite of the fact that we know how to address the problem in ways that are acceptable to the market,the situation in 1992 is that there is very little passive renewable en- ergy design being done.Most new build- ings today are scarcely better than those of ten years ago. Most architectural firms claim that they know all about these ideas and have internalized the concepts,but this is al- most never the case.Misconceptions and poor design practice abound and when passive concepts are considered,they are . almost never based on quantitative analy- sis.Builders,by and large,do not even pretend to incorporate these strategies or express concern about energy consump- tion.Somehow,the national effort toward energy conservation and passive solar de- sign,which was steaming ahead a decade. ago,has lost its rudder. Ofcourse,there are exceptions like the builders I mentioned earlier.A few archi- tects also incorporate daylighting into their commercial projects.But they typically consider daylighting only as an aesthetic device.Since the design does not account for energy or peak-load concerns,poten- tial savings in lighting and cooling costsareusuallylost.The clients dont care,so the designers don't press the point.Most Resources Passive Design Tools Operation SolarPassiveSolarDesignStrategies:Guidelines for Northeast Utilities 'Home Builders and BuilderGuide P.0.Box 270 Passive Solar Industries Council Hartford,Connecticut 06141-02701090VermontAvenue,NW,Suite 1200 8 energy-efficient traditional houses.Washington,DC 20005 1985,45 pages. (202)371-0357 . Solar and Energy-Efficient House Plans Tennesse Valley Authority Affordable Passive Communications Department 5 £00 West Sumaiit Hit DrivebyRichardCrowther.wre American Solar Energy Society Knoxville,Tennessee 37902 2400 Central Avenue,G-1 14 passive solar homes.1984,32 pages. Boulder,Colorado 80301 49 low-cost designs for passive solar homes. 1984,188 pages.- HUD USER P.0.Box 6091 Rockville,Maryland 20850 Plans available from 1980 and 1981 awards pro- gram.1980,44 pages. by Steven Winter Associates HUD USER P.O.Box 6091 Rockville,Maryland 20850 22 cost-effective,energy conserving homes. _1983,53 pages. HomeStyles Publishing and Marketing 275 Market Street,Suite 521 Minneapolis,Minnesota 55405 About 200 energy-efficient designs. 1991,200 pages. Passive Solar Environments 821 West Main Sweet Kent,Ohio 44240 23 solar house pians.1983,55 pages. North Carolina Solar Center Jane S.McKimmon Center Box 7401 North Carolina State University Raleigh,North Carolina 27695-7401 12 passive solar homes.1984,33 pages. Solptan 5:E ing Passive Sol Houses Drawing-Room Graphic Services,Ltd. P.O.Box 88627 North Vancouver,British Columbia V7L 4L2 CANADA . 21 energy-conserving passive solar homes. 1981,80 pages. Sun-InspiredHomePlansEnergeticDesignInc.- P.O.Box 4446 Greensboro,North Carolina 27404 About 100 variations on four basic plans. 1991,62 pages. Florida Solar Energy Center 300 State Road 401 Cape Canaveral,Florida 32920 9 plans of homes that won the annual energy efficient Florida home design competition. 23 Passive techniques Re AEE SOS are often a casualty of °we our technology mind-"- eat set.It is seemingly not ;'ST.enough that something a iY tas.)enna works and is economi- HESS <7 e |cal.Itmustalsobehigh-4+}itfilligi]oa tech to grab our atten- te tion.The very name- passive-which should be an asset to anyone concerned with reliabil- ity and cost,is often This 1582 square foot house will be builtin 1993tohouse viewed asa liability.We National Park Service (NPS)Employees on the South Rim say "keep it simple”and of the Grand Canyon National Park.It is the first of 59 then make it compli-d new h Predicti are that the house willrequireonly9percentasmuchspaceheatingastypical cated.This is particu- housesin this area and cost little,if anything,extra to larly true of engineers.build.The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is We inherently distrust working with the NPS on the design,and performance anything we cannot will be monitored as part of the International Energy control directly andAgencySolarR&D Task 13 on exempiary housing. schools of architecture that had an energy curriculum have dropped it The Passive Solar Industries Council (PSIC)works to promote passive strate- gies.PSIC represents a spectrum of indus- tries including builders,contractors,glass and window manufacturers,masonry prod- ucts and other specialty products that re- late to passive strategies.With support from the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Renewable Energy Labora- tory (NREL)(formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute)and local groups,PSIC is disseminating builder guidelines for both new residential construction and renovation.Although they are well re- ceived,the market for these guidelines is small.PSIC,NREL and the Lawrence Ber- keley Laboratory (LBL)are now jointly preparing guidelines and a PC-based de sign tool for smaller commercial buildings. The DOE is funding some research on the use of passive renewable energy,prin- Cipally at NREL and LBL.And some states and utilities are funding work,but the ef- forts are painfully small,a ghost of the ef- forts underway in 1979-1982. Unlike the situation with active solar. the problem has nothing to do with the rise and fall of the solar tax credits.For the most part.the credits did not apply to passive design features.In retrospect,thiswasprobablyablessing. A key problemis a lack of emphasis. Passive renewable energy has fallen in a crack.In spite of the rebirth of concem with energy and environmental issues,these technologies do not seem to have strong advocates or even much of an identity. 24 gravitate to solutions based on equipment rather than building design. There is no powerful advocacy group for passive technologies within industry. PSIC is effective but it is small.Most com- ponent manufacturers seem content with their current products and markets.Build- ers are a hard sell because they perceive very little demand from either residential or commercial building clients.Design fees are already so small that architects can seldom justify any added cost for de. sign analysis,and few,if any,really good design tools are available.All of this is ex- acerbated by difficult economic times. There are almost no incentives to save energy or reduce peak demands.Energy costs are very low and do not include the environmental,health,national security and other costs of excessive energy use and increased generating capacity.More- over,there is no mechanism that enables the ultimate utility customer to pass added design or construction costs back to the builder or owner.Thus conditions re- quired for life-cycle costing to work do not exist.If the client doesn't want it and won't pay for it,it won't happen. Part of the problem is that,unlike other renewable technologies,most policy analysts expect passive strategies to com- pete across the board and against the cheapest alternatives.For some reason. passive strategies are often denigrated because they are not viable in all situations and in all climates.(By contrast.photovol- taics,which are not viable in all situations or all climates,exist totally on niche mar- kets.) Suggestions for Solutions The good news is that we don't have to start from scratch.The following sug- gestions are based on our current strengths and the lessons learned in pre- vious programs... First,we must identify the niche markets where passive renewable tech- nologies are the most viable and concen- trate on these markets.Examples include passive solar heating in cold,sunny cli- mates where the alternative is electric heating:daylighting in schools and librar- ies,where life-cycle costing works;and cooling strategies where they are most effective. Under the right circumstances,passive renewable buildings will deyelap in loca- tions and building types where they are most appropriate.Designers and clients will be impressed and dissemination will occur naturally and logically.This is a proven model based on proven market- capture principles-walk before you try to run and concentrate on the early innova- tors first and then the early adopters.The rest will follow.It is a mistake to try to force the market where it doesn't make economic and practical sense,but we have a responsibility to create a friendly envi- ronment where it does. We must also work with utilities to develop demand-side programs that reward good passive renewable designs. These should be periormance-based and not component-based because the appro- priate use of any component depends so critically on the context in which it is used (building type,climate,orientation of the facade,controls,etc.).Such programs should be monitored,probably at govern- ment expense,to establish their actual ef- fectiveness in the field.At the moment, utilities represent the greatest hope for getting good passive renewable design techniques and products into buildings. The development of design guide- lines for both residential and non-resi- dential buildings is also critical to this ef- fort and should be expanded.These guidelines should combine targeted writ- ten information and carefully conceived computer-based design tools.User- friendly PC-based tools can make it fast and easy to identify effective strategies and estimate savings very early in the design process. A series of carefully designed dem-onstrations that highlight renewable pas- sive strategies could help raise public con- sciousness of the advantages of passive SOLAR TODAY wa design.These should be monitored to m- crease credibility and be well publicized. These projects should not be used as ve. hicles to try new and unproved concepts, but rather as integrations of established techniques and products. Successful projects would likely be a collaboration of a established builder with a good track record of passive design,an architectural and engineering firm possi- bly supplemented by a passive renewable energy consultant,appropriate industries such as glazing and window manufactur- ers and mechanical equipment manufac- turers,a National Laboratory to assist with design analysis and monitoring and pos- sibly the local utility. Environmental concerns must be para- mount.The buildings should be reason- ably priced,architecturally sound and market-relevant.They should avoid exotic PredUcts Bul MUWUUUCE siiveaurs nruo. The DOE Passive Solar Commercial Building Program of the-early 1980s serves as a good model of how to carry out such a program. A series of carefully conceived de- sign competitions is another strategy to increase the visibility and credibility of passive buildings.The purpose would be to recognize good design and the judgingwouldbalancearchitecturalandenergy concerns more or less equally.A small fixed cash award could be made to cover the added costs of design,but not con- struction.As a target,the competitions should aim for about 50 percent accep- tance of submitted designs and the win- ners would be well publicized.No moni- toring is required and the competitions for residential and non-residential projects would be separate. Passive renewable energy design is important for reasons'that go beyond energy savings.Here are some of the additional benefits. Load shifting.Reduced kilowatt savings can be as important to the utility as kilowatt-hour savings are to thecustomer.Passive heating displaces the load into off-peak hours,as amply demonstrated by both monitoring and analysis.This is important for electrically heated buildings,which account for about 50 percent of all new construction.Daylighting reduces demand for both lighting and cooling on clear,hot summer afternoons when utility peaks generally occur.Night-ventcoolingdispiavesafternoonair-conditioning toads (oy natura!ventilation or whole-house fansin resi-dential and by economizer cyclesin commercial buildings).Added thermal mass enhances all__of these load-shifting effects. Reduced environmental damage. Demand-side energy and generating-capacity savings create much less pollution than the en- ergy flows they displace-energy that causes damage that accumulates throughout the lifetime of the building.Buildings last for fifty or more years whereas life-cycle cost horizons are typi-cally two to ten years at the most If we really care about saving the environment for futuregenerations,buildings represent the greatest leverage that we have available. Greater reliability.Because passive strategies are builtin,usingconventional building components,they are inher-ently dependable.Natural processes always work.A daylit school,for example,can keep operat- ing during a September afternoon brownout.A well designed passive house at the end of the utility extension in Colorado is essentially freeze-proof during an outage.A low-e or spectrallyselectivecoatingonawindowisinfinitelymorereliablethanafurnace,an air-conditioner,amechanicalshutteroranight-insulation device.Repairs to passive systems can be done byeconventionaltradespeopleusinglocallyavailableproducts. More jobs. Passive strategies involve the construction and construction-products industries-some of the nation's most beleaguered jobs.Better to increase the initial investment through added labor and materials costs than to spend an equal or greater amount on future energy costs that often involve imported energy. Security for seniors. As the nation's population ages,we should be concerned to build in safeguards for our older andretiredcitizens.A passive solar house carries a lifetime guarantee of good comfort with lowenergycosts,enhancing the financial stability of a vulnerable and growing sector of U.S.soci-ety.Other vulnerable populations such as the working poor,single mothers and the unemployedwouldalsobenefit November/December 1992 search and development.This work should emphasize the integration of both conservation and passive renewable tech- niques into whole designs that are care- fully tuned to their particular situation.The effort should be designed to balance ana- lytical and experimental activities-valida- tion based on reality.To be most cost ef- fective and practical,much of this work should be carried out in the buildings sec- tor,augmented by laboratory activity where appropriate.In this scenario,it is important to distinguish experimental projects carried out within occupied build- ings from demonstrations.This work would involve exploring and carefully evaluating promising innovative concepts. We also need a focused program to encourage the development 'of new materials and products that enhance the efficiency and acceptability of passive designs without increasing costs.To be most effective,these efforts should com- bine the talents of industry,entrepreneurs and the National Laboratories.A new type of contractual mechanism,the Coopera- tive Research and Development Agree ment (CRADA),makes this possible and protects the proprietary rights of the in- dustry partners. Programs to help colleges develop curricula that focus on the application of energy effciency and passive renewable design techniques would help assure a constantly replenished talent pool. We must also build renewable strat-_ egies into all building energy stan- dards and rating systems.Only rarely has this been done in the past and never in acomprehensive way. And finally,we must evaluate,quan- tify and emphasize corollary benefits of passive renewable energy design.En- ergy savings are only part of the picture- other considerations can double overall cost effectiveness (see sidebar.this page). If we're serious about getting this country back on track economically and environmentally,we need to take a longer view of our future.Drawing on the infor- mation gathered over many years of ex- perience,we could both improve the com- fort and efficiency of existing buildings and ensure that new construction uses passive renewable energy strategies where appropriate.This would be a giant step in the right direction.© Dr.J.Douglas Balcomb is a Principal Engineer at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 25 SECOND WIND BY DEREK DENNISTON ---}uring the last decade,wind en-sme”ergy was synonymous with California,where as recently as 1986 wind turbines in just three mountain passes produced 95 percent of the world's wind-generaied electriciry.But_the Golden State,and the United States with it,stand a good chance of losing the lead in wind energy to a surging European industry in just a few years,according to wind energy experts. Building on the European Com- munity's commitment to take action against global warming,renewable en- ergy advocates have integrated this en- National Commitments to Wind Power Country Commitment (installed Capacity) Denmark 1,500 MW by 2005 Netherlands 1,000 MW by 2000 German states: _Schelswig Holstein 1,000 MW by 2000 Lower Saxony 1,000 MW by 2005 Italy 300 MW by 2000 Spain 180 MW by 2000 United Kingdom 1,000 MW by 2000' European Community 8,000 MW by 2005 'U.K.has made this for atl forms ot energy Source.Paut Gipe,American Wind Energy Association WORLD WATCH os©Cond. ergy source into national energy plans across the continent,unleashing astormofwindturbineinstallations. By the end of 1992,Denmark,Ger- many,the Netherlands,and the United Kingdom-Europe's top wind power producers-had installed enough wind turbines to reduce the U.S.share of world wind power generation to 67 percent.The real portent of thechangeahead,though,can be seen in the number of turbines being installed or planned.While projected growth of U.S.wind installations has flattened, European countries have enough ca- pacity on schedule to be outproducing the United States by 1996,according to Paul Gipe,the American Wind En- ergy Association's top industry analyst. Europe is blessed with ample amounts of what wind energy mavens call "technical potential.”Wind blows hardest and steadiest along coastlines and in mountains,and Europe's geog- raphy abounds with both.In fact,the European Wind Atlas reports that the continent has more than enough po-tential wind energy to meet all of the European Community's electricity needs,although almost half of the re- source is concentrated in the United MARCH APRIL 1993 AWWW Kingdom and Ireland.The European Communiry intends to tap into that potential.Through a renewable energy program called ALTENER,it has called for 1 percent of projected de- mand for electricity to be met with 8,000 megawatts ofwind power capac- ity by 2005 (sce table). URmale=if:/Late The European Wind Energy Asso- ciation (EWEA),the Rome-based trade group that represents the industry's interests throughout Eu- rope,has even grander plans.The group has set a lofty goal for the year 2030 of 100,000 megawatts,enough to supply 10 percent of Europe's clec- tricity. "That goal will only be achieved ifthepoliticalobjectivesofrenewable energy are clearly formulated and used to change the established systems within the utilities,planning authori- ties,and administrative systems,”says Andrew Garrad,author of EWEA's strategy document,Time for Action:Wind Energy In Europe.The politicalmomentumcreatedbythesenational commitments to wind energy has be- gun this reform process.On top of the support of national _governments that treat global warming as a legitimate threat,Europe's windenergyproducersenjoyseveralother 34 advantages over their American cour terparts,namely a strong green politi-cal movement and a tradition of greater government involvement in energy policy. The success of the Green parties across Europe in the 1980s gave wind power a vital boost.To counteract the whittling away of supporr in their liberal wings,mainstream political parties like the Social Democrats usurped Green partyplatforms,including thoseanti-nuclear seatiohs related to renewable energy.As the renew- able technology most competi- tive with traditional power sources (seven cents per kilo- watt-hour,compared with about five cents for a new coal-fired plant),wind energy became a 'logical priority in new energy plans. After years of pressure by green groups,governments in Europe have become active part- ners in promoting wind energy. Thev fund research into bette: turbine designs,subsidize the ir. stallation of wind turbines,and provide premium payments for wind-generated electricixy,all of which has shielded fledgling Eu- ropean wind companies from the boom and bust cycles that wrench California's industry,now reduced to a single turbine manufacturer. As Europe's private wind power companies mature,the governments are shifting their focus to pushing the public utilities and local planning au- thorities to adopt wind power through regulations,financial incentives,and joint ventures.One noteworthy ex- ample is a recent Dutch partnership between a private technical research in- stitute,a national utiliry,and the fed- eral government to design and marketanewgenerationofsuper-efficientwindturbines. With the future looking so bright for wind power in Europe,it's doublyironicthattheprimaryconstrainttotheindustry's achieving its potential isalsowhatledtoitsgenesis:concern for the environment.Citizens'group' have opposed and successfully blocke.wind power installations by objecting >the visual and noise pollution cre-ated by clusters of wind turbines. One country where this part of the drama is being played out is the Neth- erlands.Proposals to site wind turbines atop the country's much beloved dikes have met with fierce opposition,even though windmills have been.Dutch cultural icons for six centuries.As the second most densely populated coun-try in the world after Bangladesh,the Netherlands has few remote places to locate the thousands of turbines called for in the country's new national en- ergy plan.Given the stark alternativesofdirtyfossilfuelsanddangerous nuclear power,wind power may win out."The future of wind energy will hinge on the public accepting the vi- sual impact of wind turbines as thesmallpricetopayforcleanenergy,” says C.A.Westra,a professor at the University of Amsterdam. A possible solution to this con- straint could come from efforts to build turbines out at sea.The advan- tage is that breezes are stronger and. more frequent.The disadvantage is chat the construction and transmission costs combined with the corrosive ef- fects of salt water make off-shore wind power twice as expensive as wind power from land.Widespread use of this option will have to wait until the advances in turbine design expected around 2000 bring generation costs down to about four cents per kilowatt-hour. Another possible solution may come from the ongoing work of Dan- ish manufacturers Bonus and Vestas to design cost-effective turbines with at least twice as much capacity as today's biggest models:These machines would produce more electricity from fewer machines,requiring less land. Southern European countries are lagging behind their northern neigh-bors in the sudden rush to wind power,not because they lack ideal locations for wind farms,but because up untilrecentlytheydidnotenjoythere- search facilities or market developmentfundingthattheirneighborstothe north can provide.A taste for what -could happen in the future came last year,when the European Community provided technical assistance to Span- wew ish wind producers,setting off a flucry of turbine installations.On the hills above the Straits of Gibraltar there are already plans to install turbines with atleast200megawattsofcapacity,an amount equal to almost one-fourth of current European capacity. Fueled with the resolve to honor S60TT ne er ere their Earth Summit commitments to reduce carbon emissions,Europeans should manage to sail through most obstacles to wider use of wind power. The challenge for their American com- petitors is to design a strategy for keep- ing the lead in the global competition to extract electricity from the wind. ING BIOLOGICAL CRASH The Diversity of Life,by Edward O. Wilson.Harnard University Press,79 Garden Street,Cambridge,Massachu- setts 02138.1992.424 pages.$29.95 cloth., ow much force does it -«take to break the crucible of evolution?”If this question piques your curiosity,Pulitzer Prize-winning author and scientist Edward O. Wilson's latest endeavor-an impas- sioned plea for the preservation of what is left of the Earth's biological heritage-will be the page-turner you just can't put down.What's dif- ferent about this story is that its end- ing has yet to be written:it's up to each of us. Although there have been five mass extinctions over the past 440 million years,Wilson sets out to prove that the sixth,in which we find ourselves right now,is radically different.Writing with a lucidness that borders on poetry,he argues that if the first five extinctions were due largely to natural factors such as asteroids colliding with the earth, blame for the present paroxysm of death and destruction can be laid at the doorstep of one species that has 35 forgotten it evolved with the rest of life on this planet. Part of the problem Wilson de- scribes is our enormous ignorance- rather ironic,given that much of the justification for human dominanceovernaturehasstemmedfrompridein our large brains.To begin with,we have only the vaguest idea of how many species there are in the realm we dominate.The range Wilson ventures is humbling:"close to 10 million or as high as 100 million.”Whatever the number,evidence is piling up that the magnitude of the annihilation we have set in motion is massive. Take the rain forests,believed to be home to more than half the species of plants and animals.Wilson points outthataccordingtothefossilrecord,the normal!pre-human "background”rate of extinction was roughly one species out of one million a year.Now,human activities have "increased the extinc- tion between 1,000 and 10,000 times over this level in the rain forest by re- duction in area alone.” Numbers can be numbing,induc- ing dangerous emotional and psycho- logical derachment from the urgency of a situation.Fortunately,Wilson is WORLD WATCH able to present his numbers in a way that never lets the reader forget the immensity of this loss of life.His atten- tion to "keystone species”is a case in point.As their name suggests,the re- moval of these species can cause entire ecosystems to change drastically,with unforeseeable and often dire conse- 'quences for other life forms-includ- ing,ultimately,humans. Not one to cry over spilled genes, Wilson turns his attention toward find- ing practical means of saving what biodiversity remains.His argument, favoring a kind ofenlightened ecologi- cal economics,undoubtedly will leave some conservationists-those who be- lieve in the inherent rights to life of other species-feeling squeamish.But in the end,many readers may find it persuasive. This "New Environmentalism”fo- cuses on the preservation of whole ecosystems,not just'a handful of star species.And as Wilson points out,it also acknowledges that the old ap- proach ofdeclaring tracts ofwilderness off-limits simply doesn't stand a chance outside the rich nations. The fact is,the countries considered among the poorest in the world in- clude those with the greatest wealth of biological diversity.As a result,Wilson believes,we need a radical cransforma- tion in the way we think about wealth-along with innovative strate- gies for making better use of land al- ready being exploited.A key strategy for balancing human needs with the critical-care needs of the Earth is to find non-destructive ways to extract goods from wildlands. In the campaign to save the world's waning biodiversity,Wilson suggests that the first need is to undertake a global survey of plants and animals so we know what it is we're playing God with.The second need is to formally recognize biological.wealth as eco- nomic wealth by assessing the .¢co- nomic potential of whole ecosystems. One aspect of this assessment,for ex- ample,would be "chemical prospect- ing,”which evaluates a region's wild species with respect to their potential tor new medicines and other poren- tially useful products.This knowledge would then be incorporated into the MARCH APRIL 193 WAY arca's land management policy. Beyond making an inventory and appraisal of the Earth's assets,Wilson advocates the promotion ofsustainable development-a concept that readers are likely to find agreeable but vague. People in the industrialized countries and the so-called developing countries have very different notions of what this ubiquitous buzzword means in prac- tice.Similarly,Wilson's admonitions to save what remains,and finally to re- store the wildlands,seem to chart a course that is fraught with political and economic pitfalls. Perhaps it struck the author some- where along the line that fine-tuning the global economy will nor be enough,because the book ends on a profoundly moral note-and rightly so.Something that is emblazoned in the mind after reading The Diversity of Life is that one species out of 10 to million-Homo sapiens-is conducc- ing an unprecedented global experi-ment in what is,geologically speaking,2 minuscule period of ume. The question of morality lies in the fact that we are toying not just with our own existence,but with that of many other forms of life that have evolved over millions of years and whose continued presence on this planet now rests in our hands. As Wilson poignantly notes:"If there is danger in theyhuman trajec- tory,it is not so much in the survival of our own species as in the fulfillment of the ultimate irony of organic evolu- tion:that in the instant of achieving self-understanding through the mind of man,life has doomed its most beau- tiful creations.And thus humanity closes the door to its past.” REVIEW IN BRIEF Out of the Earth:Civilization and the Life of the Soil,by Daniel J. Hillel.The Free Press,866 Third Av- enue,New York,New York 10022, 1991.321 pages.$22.50 hardcover. or author Daniel!Hillel,the creation of soil through the mar- riage of earth and water is a matter of intense personal interest.Writing about it,as he does in Our ofthe Earth is evidently a labor of love.Perhaps spending a good part of his childhoodwherethisunionofelementsisincom- plete-in the sun-baked desert regionsofIsrael-had something to do with his choice of avocation. Hillel brings passion even to his short course on soil formation and the hydrologic cycle,before moving on tohis"lessons of the past.”Be it saliniza- tion,erosion,depletion of groundwa- ter,or wetlands destruction,he recon- structs the abuses of the environment that may have contributed to the col- lapse of many ancient civilizations.When one adds to this litany of eco- logical woes those that modern man 36 has concocted-agricultural chemicas, toxics,industrial waste--the prognosis for humanity would seem rather bleak. The author,however,ends on a note of "conditional optimism.”The raised-bed farming systems in the wet- lands of Mesoamerica and Israel's in- novative irrigation techniques provide examples of how humans can meet their needs with minimal damage to the rest of the natural world.Provided that these and other environmentally sound practices find widespread appli- cation,Hillel believes it within our power to change course before it is too late. The trick is getting people to act in what Hillel calls a "new climate ofopinion”régarding humanity's rela-tionship to the environment.This in- cludes the growing realization that human population growth must be"slowed,and that other species:must be protected.The only flaw in this other-wise masterfully executed book is that the author doesn't appear to have any groundbreaking solutions to ge |¢ process under way.-Heather Hantord UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS Des BRIEFING PAPER:Se eee PUTTING RENEWABLE ENERGY TO WORK IN BUILDINGS Buildings use more than one-third of the energy consumed in the United States.Heating and cooling systems account for 60 percent of this energy:lights and appliances use another 40 percent.Manufacturing and transporting building materials requires additional energy. By carefully applying design principles that capture natural breezes and the sun's energy and light,and by using solar water-heating systems,energy use in build- ings can be reduced dramatically.These renewable en- ergy practices save money,and they improve the envi- ronment and strengthen the economy by reducing the need for fossil fuels and nuclear energy. This briefing paper discusses design considerations for environmentally responsible buildings and communities. t emphasizes approaches that do not significantly alter -he initial cost of a structure but that provide substantial long-term savings and a more comfortable living environ- ment. Passive Solar Design Buildings constructed in the United States today are more energy efficient than ever before;however,their energy requirements can be much further reduced.Sunlight,land- scaping,natural breezes,and the choice of building mate- rials can all reduce the need to use and pay for fuel and. electricity.Passive solar design-the use of a building's structure to capture sunlight and store heat-can alone save up to 50 percent or more of the energy used in a home. Building Orientation and Window Location.With little or no extra cost,a building can usually be oriented with its long face to within at least 30°of true south,creating energy savings without changing the design.(An orienta- tion of within 15°is optimal;within 30°is acceptable.) The next most important design feature is placing a high percentage of the building's windows on the south side. Conventional houses have about a quarter of their win- dows on the south side,and this generally averages about 3 percent of the house's total floor area.Ideally,the total area of south-facing windows should represent about 7 ercent of the house's total floor space.Such a shift would allow the building to use more of the sun's energy by absorbing it into the materials of the house.This zero-cost option can save up to 25 percent of the house's conven- tional heating fuel and,with protection from a shading overhang,can help reduce summer cooling bills as well. In winter,when the sun arcs low in the sky,the south- facing glass will let in the sunshine to heat the space.In summer,when the sun is high in the sky,an overhang can prevent unwanted heat gain. _The total south-side window area could be expanded to up to 12 percent of floor area without overheating and without having to manage windows (opening and clos- ing curtains),but this increase in window area requires a commensurate design feature for storing the additional heat,such as concrete or brick.In general,keeping such thermal storage uncovered and near the heated space in- creases its performance. Additional Low-cost Passive Design Features.The interior lavout of a building should allow for the natural flow of heat in the winter and for the enhancement of ventilation during the summer.Keeping the most lived- in spaces to the south,and storage spaces or garages as buffers to the north and west,are common starting design features for new buildings. The windows on the three nonsolar sides of a building must also be given careful attention.North-facing win- dows offer even light,but they also lose the most heat in winter.East and west windows,because of the low morn- Passive solar tract home designed by Neuffer Construction, Reno,Nevada.These tract designs add only 1 percent to the cost of construction while delivering a more than 50 percent annual energy savings.This home is the lowest-cost model offered by the builder.Photo:Donald Aitken. High summer sun Operable windows. to capture natural breezes Vegetation to block or direct renewabie energy Natural venting £ "Stack Effect” \Solar hot watescAcollector Energy-efficient )4 water heater and "|solar storageNST Smati energy-efficient heating system Diagram of renewable energy features for buildings. Illustration:Gunnar Hubbard. ing and evening sun,can produce the highest air-condi- tioning demands.West-facing windows transmit especially large amounts of heat on summer afternoons,and they can cause extensive overheating.Double-glazing should always be the norm,and high-efficiency,low-emissivity coated glazing is almost always worth the extra cost.To enhance passive cooling,a building's windows © should be placed and designed to capture prevailing winds.A casement window that opens to the wind can allow breezes into the building.A window on the oppo- site side will allow stagnant air to be flushed out. The use of breezes for cooling can be used in conjunc- tion with the natural tendency of hot air to rise.With a high point designed in a building,the natural movement of hot air to the ceiling can be combined with an opening to the outside.This air movement is called "stack effect” and acts as a vent during the summer months.In parts of the country where the climate supports it,the same effect can be used at night to draw cool air into the building, replacing the heat built up during the day. The color of building materials can also play an impor- tant role in helping passive design.In hot southern cli- mates,for example,the roofs of buildings should be light colored to allow the sun's heat to be reflected rather than absorbed. More Complex Design Options.The addition of en- ergy-absorbing thermal mass-material that stores and slowly releases heat-inside a house can help maximize its use of sunlight;slab floors are one zero-cost to low- cost thermal mass option.Any thermal mass option re- quires careful design to promote adequate distribution of the solar heat. In addition,specific components can be designed into the building's shell or interior to capture and redistribute the heat from the sun's energy.Such features include glazed mass walls on the south side,and attached or in-tegral "sunspaces”-isolated glazed rooms on the south side of the house where the solar energy is converted to heat and distributed by natural means to interior spaces. Rooftops are important sites for electric energy resources for the future.Electric utilities.in several parts of the coun- try are currently analyzing the cost of renting rooftops for the placement of photovoltdic cells.These cells convert sunlight directly into electricity,and the systems may be tied directly into the utility grid.When the photovoltaicsystemproducesmoreelectricitythanthehouseisusing,the excess electricity flows back into the utility's wires, and it is purchased by the utility at a competitive rate. When the house requires more electricity than the photo- voltaics can provide,it is purchased from the utility in conventional fashion. Active Systems Active systems involve moving parts that circulate air through a building or move a liquid,most often water.Such systems may be used either in conjunction with pas-sive design or as stand-alone heating or cooling systems.- A fan,when combined with a passive system,is a com- mon method to pull hot air to other locations in the build-ing.Warm air is often brought to a low point in the build- ing to create an assisted convective loop,helping to circu- late air throughout the building.These systems may also be combined with thermal storage to further increase en- ergy savings and comfort. Roofs can also support active systems,such as solar water heaters.Today's water heating technology is far superior to the solar water heaters of the 1970s,and util- ity incentives for solar water heating are on the increase. The payback period for the heaters depends on the sys- tem,on the climatic conditions,and on local utility incen- tives.Possible future use of the roof for photovoltaics and solar water heaters represents an additional rationale for orienting roofs to the south. «w Cold water Heat "exchanger OL Current technology makes solar water heaters effective,even in colder climates.Source:North Carolina Solar Center Publication. Conventional offices use half of their energy for lighting. Effective use of natural light,called "daylighting,”dramatically reduces energy consumption at the time of day when the demand for electricity is the greatest.Photo:Donald Aitken. Daylighting Daylighting,or the use of natural light in a building,re- duces the need for electric lights and improves the visual qualities of a space.It is one of the most rewarding design measures and is consistent with the heating and cooling aspects of passive design.Placing light-colored reflective surfaces close to windows will allow light to bounce far- ther into a room.Shades and blinds almost always en- hance the ability to control the light. It is possible for carefully controlled daylight to provide all of the necessary interior lighting with less heat emitted to the interior spaces than is released by incandescent or fluorescent lights. Because electric lights create an excess amount of inter- nal heat,they can cause air conditioners to be on through much of the year.Open interior plans that enable natural light to penetrate to all parts of the structure,therefore, are especially important in commercial buildings,where electric lights are used most heavily. Additional Conditions for Environmentally Responsible Building Environmentally responsible building cannot be achieved by design techniques alone.These techniques must be con- sidered in conjunction with the overall healthfulness of the interior climate,the building's integrity,and the use of building materials that place the lowest demands on the environment.Ideally,buildings that incorporate these ideas will be located in communities that are also de- signed to maximize use of renewable energy resources. Energy Efficiency.Passive solar design must be com- bined with vigorous energy-efficiency measures:high lev- els of insulation,tight construction,and high-performance windows and doors.Going beyond the local!building odes for insulation and for the energy performance of windows will always provide savings through the life of the building,thus increasing its value to the owner and to society. Tight construction-taking care in construction to elimi- nate any possible penetration of air into the building en- velope-is critical to energy performance.Combined with proper ventilation,it produces a building that is more comfortable because of the elimination of draft.The En- ergy Crafted Home project,for example,a Massachusetts program sponsored by local utilities,is encouraging such building techniques.It trains builders to build tight houses, then does a site test of each building for tightness. Indoor Air Quality.The chemicals used in creating many building materials and furniture adversely affect indoor air quality.This issue is extremely important since we spend 75 to 90 percent of our time indoors.Adverse heaith effects might range from sneezing or itchy eyes to lung cancer.The answer is not to build looser buildings, but to use healthy materials and to increase the amount of fresh air circulating through a building. To maintain healthful indoor air quality in a tightly constructed house,at least half of the air must be replaced once each hour.To replace the air without losing the heat, energy-efficient exhaust air heat-recovery systems can beused,where applicable,and are readily available.Ducts in the main living spaces of the house allow fresh air to be circulated to areas where it is needed:An open interior plan allows air to move much more freely,in some cases eliminating the need for extensive ductwork. Fortunately,for every unhealthy building material on the market,there are also healthy options available.Their availability and price depend on the demand of the build- ing community. An east-west street design creates maximum southern exposure for building sites.Source:Passive Solar Industries Council. Planning and Landscaping.The street layout in new projects should provide building sites with unobstructed southern exposure.As a general rule,street layouts that run east-west accomplish this design objective.It is im- portant that buildings,trees,or other obstructions do not . block the sun at the most critical times of the year.The main objective is to allow the south side of a building as much unshaded exposure as possible during the winter months,most critically from about 9:00 am to about 3:00 pm.Some parts of the country have solar access laws and ordinances that protect the south side of buildings. Landscaping can maximize the availability of renew- able energy to a building.Deciduous trees,for example, can provide shade in summer and permit sunlight to strike the house directly in winter,but are not recommended directly south of the structure.North-side evergreens can provide an effective windbreak and weather barrier. A planning scheme with tree-lined,narrow streets de- -reases the amount of heat absorbed during the hot sum- mer months.This results in a cooler microclimate,creat- ing less need for mechanical cooling.In addition,fairly dense planting around houses can direct breezes for natu- ral cooling,or block the cold north winds during the winter months. ml]> SIDE VIEW To ensure adequate solar access,the building site must be assessed for obstructions.Source:Energy Crafted Home Desig Manual. The Cost of Energy-Efficient Construction Many of the design features discussed in this paper pro- duce only very small cost increases,but more expensive changes can also make good financial sense for buildingbuyers.If more money is spent on the construction of thehouse,on good windows,and on more insulation,the mechanical system can be smaller,and the resulting en-ergy bills will be smaller.In the long term,the life-cyclecostswillbedecreased,and the house will be more af- fordable to own.Every purchase should be evaluated in terms of multiyear energy cost savings. Energy-efficient buildings often contain the esthetic fea- tures that are in demand today:natural light;an open, spacious feeling;fresh air;and less noise (as a result of smaller mechanical systems and greater wall insulation). In most cases,the marketing of such buildings does not have to focus on their use of renewable energy.Attrac- tiveness,coupled with state-of-the-art energy-efficiency systems and style,can sell buildings. Everyone benefits from energy-efficient construction. 'Energy-efficient buildings enable the banks and the buildertomakemoneythroughthehighercostofconstruction, and the owner will save money through the decreased operation costs.While higher construction costs of renew- ible systems might result in larger mortgage payments, she increased efficiency will result in lower energy bills, and the two can balance each other out.In addition,some lenders are now offering "energy-efficient mortgages”to help homebuyers with these increased costs. Additional Energy Considerations . Planning.Any land-use development should maximize public transportation possibilities by placing mixed types of housing in close proximity to businesses and commer- cial operations.Thoughtful planning can protect the natu- ral environment and the community character by reduc- ing the need for roadway expansion,and thereby decreas- ing the air pollutant emissions and conserving our lim- ited energy resources. Any development of buildings places an extra demand on local utilities.The natural resources that are affected, therefore,must be considered in planning,not just at the current costs,but at the costs the development will place on the community throughout its life. Embodied Energy.The construction of new buildingsrequiresenergy,and the building materials themselves embody energy.These materials have to be dug out of the ground,cut from the forest or field,or created by human technology.All these processes use energy.The distance that materials must be transported,and the intensive en- ergy needed to prepare them for use in buildings,should be considered when choosing a material. Construction materials should be durable,recyclable,or reusable.In virtually all cases,buying a durable productupfrontismorecosteffectivethanbuyingalessexpen-sive,less durable product.If something will last 50 years rather than 10 years,the payback is attractive in a life- cycle cost analysis.It will certainly create less waste,re- ducing disposal costs to society. The Impact 2000 house uses many of the design features discussed in this briefing paper.The two photos show the dramatic differences between the south (top)and the north (bottom)faces of the house.Photos:Solar Design Associates, Inc.' ; A Renewable Energy Checklist Orientation : 7 Is the long face of the building oriented to within 30°of due south?(15°is even better) O Is there unobstructed southern exposure?Will trees grow to block the sun?Might a building be built in the future that could block the sun? Energy Efficiency O Are you going beyond the code requirements for insu- lation?For the performance of windows?. Air infiltration D Are you taking extra care to ensure tight construction? Windows O Have you increased the south-facing window area to the maximum for your design choices? CD Could casement windows be used to capture breezes? 0 Have you planned for cross-ventilation? D Are you using energy-efficient windows? O Have you considered using different windows for each face of the building? ©Is there adequate shading on the south,east,and west windows? Interior Design O Are the main living spaces near south-facing windows? 0 Are unused spaces such as closets and storage rooms on the north and west sides of the building? 0 Does the floor plan allow for the movement of heat in the winter and ventilation in the summer? C Is the garage located on the east,west,or north side? Daylighting O Does your design maximize the use of natural light? D Do you have light-colored interior surfaces? Materials O Are you using healthy building materials obtained from local sources?, Mechanical CO Have you downsized your mechanical system for the decreased energy demand? 0 Have you provided a means for ventilation in all living spaces of the building?Does your open plan allow for ease of air movement? Solar Water Heaters 0 Have you considered using a solar water heater? Utilities 0 Have you checked for financial incentive programs for energy-efficient construction or the use of solar energy? Financing €Have you looked for lenders that offer lower-rate energy-efficient mortgages? What the Building Community Can Do Town Planners @ Pay close attention to the layout of building lots to allow for solar orientation and energy-efficient land- scaping. @ Suggest the redesign of new developments and reno- vations that do not consider the simple principles of renewable energy. @ Assess how people will get to and from the develop- ment,or how effectively job and workplace opportuni- ties are provided within the development. Building Inspectors @ Educate builders and planners about the ideas presented in this paper.Your efforts will increase local expecta- tions for energy performance. Enforce energy-efficiency standards. Developers Develop energy-efficient buildings that take advantage of renewable energy opportunities.Doing so will in- crease the marketability of your product,help your cus- tomers save money,and contribute to a healthier envi- ronment. Real Estate Brokers @ Promote energy-efficient buildings by educating the buyer and builder about the benefits of saving energy. @ Highlight desirable energy features when marketingbuildingsordevelopments. ¢@ Emphasize the attractiveness and comfort of buildings that use renewable energy. Contractors Educate building tradespeople about the advantages of renewable energy technologies and practices. @ Work with tradespeople who promote environmentally responsible building. Go beyond the energy codes in your community.- Builders @ Exceed local building codes in terms of insulation,win- dows,mechanical units,and construction quality. @ Educate owners,architects,inspectors,and others in- volved in the building trades.#Use durable,healthy building materials that come from local sources. @ Minimize waste on the construction site. Architects @ Become knowledgeable about design practices that in- corporate renewable energy and energy efficiency. @ Educate clients and builders. Suppliers @ Provide energy-efficient,healthy materials. @ Work to create a market for recycled products and re- newable energy. @ Promote interest in energy efficiency with educational displays and special incentives. Organizations for Further Information American Institute of Architects 1735 NY Avenue NW .Washington,DC 20006 (202)626-7300 Environmental Resource Guide 'American Solar Energy Society (ASES) 2400 Central Avenue,Unit G-1 Boulder,CO 80301 (303)443-3130 Building Energy Technology ProgramNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory (NREL)1617 Cole Boulevard Golden,CO 80401 (303)231-7303 Center for Resourceful Building Technology PO Box 3413 Missoula,MT 59806 (406)549-7678 Guide to Resource Efficient Building Elements Conservation and Renewable Energy Inquiry and Referral Service (CAREIRS) Renewable Energy Information PO Box 8900 Silver Spring,MD 20907 (800)523-2929 Energy Crafted Home 180 Lincoln Street Boston,MA 02111 (800)628-8413 National Appropriate Technology Assistance Service (NATAS) US Department of Energy PO Box 2525 Butte,MT 27902-2525 (800)428-2525 Passive Solar Industries Council (PSIC) 1511 K Street NW Suite 600 Washington,DC 20005 (202)628-7400 Suggested Readings Hashem Akbari,et al.,Cooling our Communities:A Guidebook on Tree Planting and Light-Colored Surfacing. Washington,D.C.:Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Document #055-000-00371-8,1992. 'ohn Bower,The Healthy House:How to Buy One,How to duild One,and How to Cure a Sick Orie.New York:Carol Publishing Group,1989. G.Z.Brown and V.Cartwright,Sun,Wind,and Light.New York:John Wiley &Sons,1985. David Pearson,The Natural House Book.New York: Fireside,1989. John Spears,Designing and Building Healthy Homes:A Guide for Home Builders.Baltimore:Energy Conservation Management,Inc.,1992. Andrew St.John,The Sourcebook for Sustainable Design: A Guide to Evironmentally Responsible Building Materials and Processes.Boston:The Boston Society of Architects, 1992. Steven J.Strong,The Solar Electric House:Energy for the Environmentally Responsive,Energy-Independent Home.Still River,Mass.:Sustainability Press,1991. Les Tumidaj,et al.,Solar Access Design Manual.Office of Environmental Services,City of San Jose,Calif.,1992. Brenda and Robert Vale,Green Architecture:Design for an Energy-Conscious Future.Boston:Bulfinch,1991. Sim Van der Ryn and Peter Calthorpe,Sustainable Communities:A New Design Synthesis for Cities,Suburbs, and Towns.San Francisco:Sierra Club Books,1991. January 1993 UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS)is dedicated to ad- vancing responsible public policies in areas where technol- ogy plays a critical role.Established in 1969,UCS has created a unique alliance between many of the nation's leading sci- entists and thousands of committed citizens.This partner- ship addresses the most serious environmental and security threats facing humanity.UCS is currently working to encour- age responsible stewardship of the global environment and life-sustaining resources;promote energy technologies that are renewable,safe,and cost effective;reform transportation policy;and curtail weapons proliferation.An independent nonprofit organization,UCS conducts technical studies and public education,and seeks to influence government policy _at the local,state,federal and international levels. Copies of this briefing paper may be ordered from: Publications Department BP Union of Concerned Scientists 26 Church Street Cambridge,Massachusetts 02238 617-547-5552 Single copies free;additional copies,$.20 each. Printed on recycled paper YES!I want to join ASES., ame ddress ny State Zip. tone 2»onsor sponsor is not required,but sponsors recetve recogni- on for introducing new members to the association. ASES & lembership Rates ASES ISES >' 1 ASES Member-at-large $50 $85 Se: Full benefits inctuding SOLAR TODAY subscrip- tion,discounts on publications and confer ences,division and committee participation, ANput to ASES policies.full voting privileges.; active and passive 2 ASES Member-at-large solar homes...- (Chapter Member Discount)$45 $80 Chapter Name:to wind energy..7 2 Student Member $25 $45 Copy of student (D required.Same full dencfits as member-at-large. J Retired Member $25 $60 For retirees GS and over.Same Cull benefits as member-al-lace. Jd ASES Associate $25 SOLAR TODAY subscciption vaty. 3)Those outside the US.please add $20 extra for surface mail ar $45 for air mail.--- Total.ce cen cree neeaenennene ---- ' i See = yo power... 20 Check here for information on Corporate and Contributing Memberships. to solar hydrogen fuel \2 Check of money order enclosed and biofuels...Make cbeck fuvebte ta AMES tn 08S.Dothees drawn ona US bank Please do not send cash J VISA O MasterCard Number ie bate ci ;."a.¢be:American.Solar Energy 5 Send ta:4 .. American Solar Energy Society 3 x Society ts:opening doorsfor V/,--environmentally sound and7wophotovoltaicelectricity...\+renewable sources:ofOnergy. 2400 Centrl Ave,GH,foulder,CO 80301 305-143-3130 wmerican Solar Energy Society SES is the national organization dedicated to dvancing the use of solar energy for the benefit (U.S.citizens and the global environment. 3 Ulitr professionals rely on ASES conferences 1d publications to help them stay on the cutting dge of solar applications and research. §ducators and policymakers look to ASES as a edible sousce of accurate information on state- 'the-art solar energy technologies. ,SES educational outreach campaigns make every- te from public officials to private homeowners more vare of the benefits of using solar energy.. *eople concemed about the impacts of energy e on the environment support ASES efforts to omote environmentally sound and renewable urces of energy. lutions For People and the Environment lar technologies are providing practical solu- Ns to pressing environmental and economic atlenges.As a member of ASES,you can help sure that these technologies become an inte- Wl part ofa brighter future. Divisions wom"ASES Divisions provide opportunities for members to Sponsor and promote major ASES programs relating to .topical areas.Divisions include Sular Buildings,SolarjElectric,Solar Thermal,Solar Fuels and Chemicals,Resource Assessment,and Education. |Chapters”,ASES chapters offer programs and services on theistateandregionallevels,enabling members to*become involved locally in promoting solar enemy. -'_: 'ws;members and non-members . dpicary presentaHons :Hedaomle and technicalassessment of solar Technolog =<rg in the '*Roundtables,ee amediaevent »educa: and other tides from the ASES Catalogue :eeaf grams,helping with public relations,conferes"a cs ceey aeie'ty SS "ilea ak fe:3.4 wets xethenhansbrorereve Committees”NeyCommitteemembers.orchestrate many éASE industry support,go and environmental concerns. Solar Action Network GAN).Fag ye tanASESactivistsmaketheirvolcesheardinWashington?ugh ew,Action Alerts explain legislative and policy,jstues {9vesetyniaffecungsolarenergy,&and urge SAN members totactappropriatelegislatorsidofficlasOpen ASES Membership Benefits @ Your membership supports solr energy,a sound energy future,and a clean environmen @ SOLAR TODAY magazine keeps you on the cutting edge of solar. @ You have access to 3 dynamic network of solar professionals. @ You receive discounts for conferences anc publications. @ The optional Solar Action Network will he. you make your voice heard in Washington <7? International Solar Energy Society The International Solar Energy Society (ISES)wa: founded in 1954.ASES is the United States Sec- lion of ISES,and continues to work closely with ISES to promote solar energy worldwide. ISES Membership Benefits @ Your membership supports the exchange of solar technology among nations. @ You receive Solar Energy,the Internation: Journal of Solar Technology. @ You receive Sun World,a quanerly maga- zine of worldwide solar applications . +@ You receive JSES News,a biannual newsletter for members. @ You receive discounts for the biennial ISES Solar World Congress. Photo creche (at fefty National Centers tor Atmosphene RevearchAlnivesityCiionforrsRersearchy:I iene WAY' ALL THE COAL IN Cr INA Unless this giant nation embraces a new strategy for producing and using energy,its fast-growing economy could overwhelminternationaleffortstocontrolgreenhousewarming. BY NICHOLAS LENSSEN '*he mushroom cloud,for four de- cades a haunting and omnipresent symbol of the greatest threat everfacedbyhumanity,has finally be- gun to fade from the global consciousness. Today's generation of children may be thefirstsinceWorldWarITtogrowupnotin- stantly recognizing-and shivering at-its apocalyptic shape.But even as it fades,it is being replaced by another kind of cloud-one that is all but invisible.And the new threat is not a symbol, but a physical reality:the steadily buildingcloudofgreenhousegasesthatscientistssayislikelytoleadtoamassivedisruptionofthe earth's climatic system,making the planet warmer than at any time in the last million years.Just how hot the planet ends up get-ting will be partly determined by the actions of one country-China.In the popular literature of global warm-ing,China has received only passing men- tion.After all,since 1950,it has been the industrial countries of the West and former Soviet bloc that were responsible for 79 per- cent of the fossil fuel-derived emissions of carbon dioxide,the leading greenhouse gas.Butin the future those proportions are ex- pected to shift dramatically.Future growthis expected to come more from China and other developing countries than from all the industrial nations combined. Carbon emissions in China have increased MARCH APRIL 1993 "22 65 percent in the past decade,largely due to a sharp rise in its burning of coal.This boosted the country's share ofglobal carbon emissions to 11 percent-still less than its share of global population.And China still emits only half'as much carbon as the United States,and only one-ninth as much per capita.But this is already more than the to- tal amount generated by Russia,and in China the real boom may be just beginning. China's fast-growing economy is what's driving its carbon dioxide emissions upward. Bolstered by economic reforms,the -country's economy grew by nearly 10 per- cent annually over the last decade and,after a government-induced slowdown late in the decade,is back in high gear.Analysts forecast that high growth will continue far into the next century.Unfortunately,all this growth could havedireconsequencesfortheplanet's atmo- sphere.Indeed,China is forecast to emit more carbon dioxide by 2025 than the cur- rent combined total of the United States, Japan,and Canada,according to a United Nations panel studying climate change.It isnowapparentthatredirectingChina's en- ergy economy may be as important to the global atmosphere as changing those of the United States and Europe.China's leaders don't share this view.They readily dismiss the notion that concern over global warming should alter their energy \ ANEW strategy.Besides,they argue,since carbondioxideremainsintheatmosphereforwellover100years,it is largely the industrial West that caused the accumulation now hanging over us-through decades of burn- ing coal in Manchester,or oil in Los Angeles.The Chinese gov- ernment says the country has little to do with the 27 percentincreaseinatmosphericconcen-trations of carbon dioxide that has taken place since the dawn- ing of the industrial revolution. Environmentalists say this argu- ment is specious,however,since any increase will take the world further away from the 80 percentreductionscientistsbelieveneces- sary to stabilize the climate. While they don't seem par-ticularly worried about global - warming,China's leaders are thinking hard about what it will take to provide adequate livingstandardsforthe1.1 billion: people who live within the country's borders.If increased carbon dioxide emissions are what it takes to meet human needs-so goes the argument-then increase they must.The salient question,though, is not whether the Chinese have the right to follow a carbon-intensive energy path,but whether it's in their interest - to do so.The promise of devel-;opment based on heavy industry,BWoftenfueledbycoal,isa mirage §that was pursued with a notablelackoflong-term success by theSovietbloccountriesinthe past-and is still being pursuedbyChina.Industrial facilities in China,like those in the former Eastern Bloc,are less productive than factories in Europe or Japan.They also use more energy and emit far morepollution.Rather than attempt to resolve a false di-lemma between economic growth and the environment,China would better serve its own interests-and thereby the world's-bysimultaneouslyimprovinglivingstandardsSGLsALAEnastirireedsrarersrsdebedaro&:LLUSTRATIONS 8Y TRACEY WALKER and reducing its growth in carbon dioxide emissions.Indeed,the country may reallyhavenochoicebuttodothis.Fortunately,some younger planners are acutely aware of this imperative. Economic Boom,Energy Brake In environmental and energy circles,China is notorious for its heavy dependence on coal,which generates 76 percent of all its energy.Only Poland and South Africa rely so heavily on this highly pollucang and inher- ently inefficient fuel-a fuel selected not through economic competition,but through centralized government planning.In fact, the energy production system in China is still WORLD +»WATCH COVEACeeWeyLaTat, We largely based on the Stalinist model of pro- duction quotas,enormous government in- vestments,and subsidized prices,which re- sult in gross economic inefficiencies.Low energy prices have long been the key- stones to centrally planned economics,in- cluding China's.In 1987,according to the World Bank,the Chinese government di- rectly subsidized energy prices by $17 bil- lion,and many of the subsidies appear to be continuing.Most oil in China,for example, was sold for slightly more than $5 a barrel in 1992,far below the international price of roughly $18 a barrel.And coal marketed by state-owned mines,which produce nearly half of the country's total,was priced below the cost of extraction-costing the treasury some $2 billion in 1991. Low prices encourage-or at least fail to discourage-wasteful use oflimited supplies. In fact,just one-third of all fuel burned in China ends up as useful energy,according to Vaclav Smil,a geographer at the University of Manitoba.That's far below the 50 to 60 percent levels found in the United States and Japan.The inefficiencies further exacerbate shortfalls in energy supplies,since larger sup- plies are needed to accomplish the same amount of work.At last report in 1987,a shortage of coal had led to electrical power deficits that idled one-fourth of the country's factories. The Chinese government has typically re- sponded to energy shortages by pouring scarce capital into building more mines, power plants,and oil wells.More than half of the industrial capital expenditures in state-owned enterprises in 1989 went to en- ergy production.Yet despite this Brobdingnagian investment,energy short- ages are expected to ease little if at all over the next rwo decades,as efforts to boost en- ergy production face daunting obstacles. China already produces more energy than Saudi Arabia and is the world's largest pro-ducer of coal-accounting for 25 percent ofglobaloutput.Yet efforts to further boost coal production face imposing hurdles.Coal already accounts for more than 40 percent of the country's railway shipments by weight. Hauling endless trainloads of coal from mines in the north to the eastern economic heartland has led to transport gridiock and MARCH APRIL 1993 supply shortfalls.On the other hand,the obvious alternative-burning coal at power plants near the mines,and transmitting en- ergy by wire instead of by mwain-has been stymied by shortages of water (needed forcoal-fueled power production)in the coal-rich but arid northern and northwest- em provinces. The government hopes to reduce coal's importance for electricity generation by pro- moting large hydroelectric dams and nuclear power,but those too face formidable ob- stacles.A decade ago,China planned to have 10 nuclear power plants running by the turnofthecentury,but nuclear power is now es- timated to be four times as costly as coal-generated power-cutting the likely. number of nuclear plants back to the three now nearing commercial operation.For the time being,it is unclear how many more plants China is likely to complete. Hydropower holds more promise,espe- cially since less than 10 percent of the country's potential has been tapped.Cracks have begun to appear,however,in the con- sensus for building dams.In April 1992,theChinesePeople's Congress,usually a rubber-stamp body,finally approved the Three Gorges Dam project-first proposed for the Yangtze River in the 1920s.But nearly a third of the delegates abstained or voted against the project,largely due to its cost-as high as $100 billion-and its plan to resettle more than 1 million people by force if necessary. Efforts to boost oil production,which ac- counts for 17 percent of the country's com- mercial energy use,continue to face difficul- ties as well.Despite large government expenditures,guided by the expertise of doz- ens of foreign oil companies,China's oil out- put has failed to keep pace with its consump- tion since the mid-1980s.One result has been a 70-percent decline in net proceeds from international oil sales since 1985. Within another three years,China could find itself a net oil importer.; By now,it is clear that simply pouring money into expanding conventional energy supplies-even if such money were available to pour-would be unlikely to solve China's energy dilemma.Even if its central planners somehow managed to patch together an ad- equate supply of coal,there is a whole host of reasons beyond the economic for not burning it in such immense quantities.China's people,cropland,forests,and water- ways simply could not survive the air pollu-tion that would result. In Beijing and other major cities,sulfurdioxideconcentrations-mainly from coal- regularly violate international guidelines. The level of suspended particles in Chinese cities-also from coal-is 14 times thar in the United States.Acid rain falls on at least 14 percent of the country and is spreading, not just through China but into Japan and South Korea,damaging forests,crops,and water ecosystems, Global warming portends other seriousproblems,according to a 1992 study by the Chinese State Meteorological Administra- tion (SMA)and the World Wide Fund for Nature.A warmer atmosphere would raise sea levels,which in turn would flood China's coastal regions,especially in river deltas, where rice production is concentrated.Rice production would also fall if the predicted reduction in available water due to warmer temperatures holds true.Indeed,Luo Jibin, deputy director of SMA,asserted last year that global warming was already exacerbat- ing a severe drought in the northern part of the country.The environmental and health costs of China's energy production,particu-larly with so much of it driven by coal,are placing a mounting burden on the Chinese people-and on the world. The Efficiency Revolution Raising energy efficiency is something Chinacan't afford not to do,especially if it hopestocontinueboostinglivingstandardsforits citizens.That may be true of other countries too,but it is particularly true in China.It takes far more energy-and pollution-toproducegoodsorservicesinChinathan elsewhere.A concerted move toward effi- ciency would not only reduce exorbitant costs but would lead to greater employ-ment-a major benefit in an economy that is labor-rich and capital-poor.And of course, an efficient energy system would slow the increase in carbon emissions. More than owo-thirds of China's commer- cial energy consumption goes to industry. 25 Yet for each ton of steel or cement produced,the typical factory in China uses from 7 to 75 percent more energy than its Western coun- terpart (see table).China's 300,000 small industrial boilers operate at only 55 to 60percentefficiency,as compared to an 80-per- Table 1.Additional Energy Requirements of Energy-intensive Products in China Product Difterence'(%) Steel 70 Electrolytic aluminum 7 Synthetic ammonia 75 Caustic soda 39 Cement 63 Plate glass 46 Paper 21 'Additional amount of energy Chinese industry uses to produce the sameammountofproductasindustriaiaedcountries. Source.Wu Zongxan and Wei Zhinong,"Policies to Promote EnergyConservatorinChina,”Energy Policy,December 1991. cent average for the 24 member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,according to the World Bank. The lower efficiency of the Chinese plants, which results pardy from poor maintenance and operating procedures,can be readily improved given sufficient information and incentives-including market prices for en- ergy.Efficiency is further impaired by reli- ance on old or obsolete industrial proc- esses-often purchased at bargain prices ©from industrial countries. China has the opportunity to base future economic growth not only on more efficient industrial processes,but on more efficientproductsaswell.Building a $7.5-million] compact fluorescent light bulb factory,for example,would eliminate the need to build$4.9 billion worth of coal-fired power plants and transmission facilities,if the bulbs (which need 75 percent less power than in- candescent ones)were used domestically. Each dollar invested in efficiency would save $650 in capital expenditures-before the savings on energy use even begin.China's factories already have the capacity to produce 10 million compact fluorescent bulbs a year, but this is still only a small portion of the 2.8billionlightbulbsitproducedin1991.J Likewise,Chinese buildings use three WORLD -WATCH wew Figure 1.Energy Consumption in China, Actual and with Constant Energy intensity,1950-1990" 6 pared by the U.S.Working Group on Energy Effi- 1970 1980 7 TL eonstant energy {HM actual energy 'Assumes energy use rose at the sarne rate as economic output from 3978 onward.Sources:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,United Nations times as much energy for heating as U.S. buildings,even though their buildings are and using insulation and double-giazed win- dows,the Chinese could raise average win- ter building temperatures in the northern part of the country from 52 degrees to 64 degrees Fahrenheit-and consume 40 per-cent less coal.In Harbin,for example,such improvements could pay for themselves in six and a half years even with energy costs artifi- cially low because of subsidized coal,accord- ing to Yu Joe Huang,a scientist at the U.S. government's Lawrence Berkeley Labora- tory in Berkeley,California.With unsubsi- dized coal,the payback period would be quicker-around four years. In combination,the efficiency potential now within reach for industry,buildings, agriculture,and transportation could pro-vide an enormous boost to China's economy.By investing $3 billion a year,the country could cut future growth of its en-ergy demand by nearly half,eliminating theneedfor$16 billion worth of new power plants,oil refineries,and other energy infra- structure each year,according to a study pre- &colder.By making boiler improvements MARCH -APRIL 1993 26 ciency.And instead of "4 pumping 1.4 billion tonsdtdofcarbonintotheatmo-As sphere in 2025,it would"tad emit less than 1 billion tons. Wide-scale savings are not simply paper prophe- cies-nor are they entirely unknown to Chinese plan- ners.In 1980,the govern- ment launched an ambi- tious efficiency program to improve energy use in ma- jor industries.By directing about 10 percent of its en- ergy investment to effi- ciency,the nation cut its annual growth in overall energy use from 7 percent to 4 percent by 1985, without slowing growth in industrial production,ac- cording to energy analyst Mark Levine and his colleagues at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Levine discovered that efficiency improve- ments accounted for more than 70 percent. of the energy savings during the 1980-1985 period,with shifts toward less energy-inten- sive industries yielding the remainder.And efficiency gains were found to be one-third less expensive than comparable investments in coal supplies.One result was that China's energy consumption expanded at less than half the rate of economic growth from 1980 through 1988.Had the nation failed to make such progress,either energy consump- tion in 1990 would have been 50 percenthigherthanitactuallywasor-more likely- economic output would have grown far more slowly,as China would have been un- able to import the $80 billion of energy the difference represented (see figure). Unfortunately,since the mid-1980s, China has poured money into expanding itsenergysupply,thereby reducing its spending on efficiency from 10 percent to just 6 per- cent of roral investment in the energy sector. That could soon change,however,sinceChina's energy and economic planners are Way beginning to recognize efficiency's past suc- cess in facilitating strong economic develop- ment.There may be,too,a growing recog: nition among these planners thatexacerbatingglobalwarmingintheinterests of short-term economic gains would not be in the country's long-term interests. Alternatives to CoalIfChinaproceedsto maximize its efficient”use ofenergy,it will greatly reduce-but not eliminate-the need for increased energy supplies as its overall demand more than doubles over the next 35 years.Unfortu- nately,government planners and interna- tional lending institutions still assume that China has to follow the energy path the West blazed a century ago-a strategy that relies primarily on expanding supplies of coal and oil to meet people's needs. Over the long haul,though,China will need to develop its own alternatives to pol- luting coal and costly oil,partly to alleviate supply problems,but also to reduce air pol- lution.The country evidently has extensive, unexploited reserves of natural gas,which could supplant oil and coal use in buildings, transport,industry,and power generation, while emitting about 60 percent less carbon dioxide.And renewable resources,other than large hydroelectric dams,are increas- ingly viable today,even before factoring in what they save by not polluting. Natural gas accounts for only 2 percent of China's current energy use,though the country has started to reconsider gas as part ofits effort to slow the growth in oil and coaluse.In 1986,the government formed a gasresearchinstitute,and in early 1992 it de- cided to build a pipeline from a large off- shore gas field that had been discovered in the South China Sea during an unsuccessful search for oil years earlier. Gas commonly accompanies not only oil but also coal,suggesting that China,with its almost limitless coal reserves,is well en- dowed with natural gas too.One multi- agency Chinese group estimates thecountry's gas resource to be about half as big as its enormous proven coal reserves (more than 100 years'supply).In one region in north-central China,every well drilled in the first five months of 1991 struck natural gas.a)tSChina could also look to import natural gas,even swapping gas for pipeline nghts-of- way being planned by its neighbors.Russia and South Korea signed an agreement last November to study the possibility of build- ing a gas pipeline from Siberia ro the Korean peninsula-a project that could cut across northern China.And Japanese engineers have drawn up plans for pipelines criss-cross- ing China to move gas from Turkmenistan, Indonesia,and Australia to Japan. Beyond the increased use of natural gas, China has an enormous potential to draw on solar,wind,biomass,and geothermal energyresources.Western countries are increasinglypursuingtheseoptionsastechnologicalad- vances,and cost reductions make them more attractive.The opportunities are even greater in China,because so much of its energy in- frastructure has yet to be built.Decisions the country makes today will determine how readily it can tap these resources in the fu- ture. The country has already tapped many re- newable sources in rural parts of the country. For example,small hydroelectric generatorssupplyroughlyhalfoftheelectricityusedinruralareas.Electrical ourput from these small dams nearly doubled between 1979 and 1988.Also,more than 110,000 small wind turbines churn away,mainly in Inner Mongolia. China also appears poised to electrify at least a portion of its rural households with photovoltaic technologies.More than60,000 households in other developing na- tions receive their electricity this way.The government of Gansu Province plans to elec- tify 1,500 homes with domestically manu- factured systems in a project being organizedbytheWashington,D.C.-based Solar Elec- tric Light Fund. During the past decade,the cost of solarandwindelectricitysystemshasfallen66and 90 percent respectively,and these renewables are emerging as the least expensive route to electricity in some developing countries. China recently announced a program to in- stall 200 megawatts of wind turbines over-the next three years,and 1,000 megawatts by the turn of the century. 'The final step for China would be to usewindandsolarpowerplantstoproducehy- WORLD WATCH WA drogen in the generally sunny and windy ar-eas of the vast central and northwesterndesertregions,then pipe it to the populatedeasterncoast.Larger investments in renewables in the next few vears would stimulate development of the technology and 'business infrastructure-and the in-country expertise-needed to replace fos-sil fuels on a large:scale. Policies for Clean Energy China has relied on market-based reforms for much of the boostin its economy since 1978.Unfortunately,the energy sector has been lagging.In getting its energy industrvuptospeed,it will need to adopt some oftheinnovativepoliciesthatothercountrieshave used to encourage both more efficient en- ergy use and more serious reliance on non-polluting renewables.The logical start- ing point for these policies is the adoption of real market prices. Energy prices are critical because if theyaretoolow,there 'is little incentive for the consumer to use energy efficiently or for in- dustry to invest in alternative supplies.China has already made a promising move on thisfront,having planned to triple the price of oilsolddomesticallyinJanuary.The kev now is to raise prices on coal and electricity as well. Experience in industrial countries,how- ever,shows that higher energy prices elimi- nate only one of the many obstacles to re- ducing wasteful energy use.Towork,substantial price hikes may need to be ac-companied byinvestments in end-use etfi-ciency.That_waythe final cost ofthe energyservice-whethermanufacturing cement orlightingahome-remains unchanged or de-clines,Forexample,subsidizing the use ofefficientlightingtechnologies+would costlessthanprovidingbelow-cost electricity tohouseholdsandbuildingnewpowerplants.As China learned in the 1980s,investing in energy efficiency can vield rewards that the country can hardly atford to miss.The tirst challenge is to once again boost efficiency'sshareofthetotalenergyinvestmenttolevels above the.10 percent that brought the earlier gains.And such investments should no longer be limited just to major industries,but ¢x- panded to transportation,buildings,and con- sumer products as well. MARCH APRIL 685 aie ta Likewise,the country could profitably begin to shift the money it now spends ob- taining coal and oil to the pursuit of natural gas and renewables.As part of a new envi- ronmental policy announced in 1992,the government said it plans to encourage re- newable energy resources,including solar, wind,geothermal,tidal,and biomass- though it left its plans unclear. The Twain Shall Meet China is likely to find that building a sustain- able energy svstem won't be possible without international support.China already receives a good sum of aid for energy development, only that money is probably doing as much harm as good,not just for the global climate but for China's long-term economic health. The World Bank,for example,loaned China nearly $1 billion for energy projects in 1992, yet nearly all of that money went to coal or large hydroelectric projects.That's not sur- prising,in view of the fact that 80 percent of the bank's energy loans around the world since 1948 have been aimed ar supplying electric power.But now,tor China to make the changes it needs,the lending agencies . will need to shift their focus as weil. There are promising signs that this will happen.In Manila,the Asian Development Bank (ADB)has started to invest directly in efficiency.Last September,the ADB ap- _proved a $107 million loan for improving energy efficiency in Chinese fertilizer,ce- ment,and steel industries.The ADB also has started to incorporate into its energy plan- ning a novel technique-known as inte- grated resource management-that com-pares efficiency investments to expansion of energy supplies in determining the least-ex- pensive,and least environmentally destruc- tive,energy option. Investment in education is another ne- glected area that aid programs can bolster. One successful program,run by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,has trained a cadre of energy specialists in critical effi- ciency and environmental issues.More than a dozen Chinese scientists,engineers,and other specialists have conducted research at Berkeley over the past four years,whilescoresmore,including the director ofChina's Global Climate Change program, have participated in study tours and joint conferences. Taken one step further,establishing an energy efficiency center in China would al- low even more Chinese citizens to tap into the country's expanding expertise and knowledge.Based on past success in launch- ing three such centers in the former Czecho- slovakia,Poland,and Russia,William Chan- dler of Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories has now set his sights on China. "Such a center could help cut carbon emis- sions by half a billion tons a year over 20 years,”says Chandler.Ir is critical,too,that support from the wealthier industrial nations include not only the hundreds of millions of dollars annually provided as foreign assistance,but the powerofexampleaswell.That has already occurredtosomedegreeinthedevelopmentofmoreenergy-efficient industrial processes and con-sumer products,but it will become far morepersuasivewhenitincludesmoresubstantial shifts to renewable,non-polluting energy sources,compliance with stringent targets toreducecarbonemissions,and the pursuit of less energy-intensive lifestyles.@ , Nicholas Lenssen is a senior researcher and the author of Worldwatch Paper 111,Empowering Development:The New Energy Equation. *WORLD WATCHNeteseeeeaeeoneeoe To:Mr.Richard Emerman Date:March 15,1993 Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK From:Mark H.Clark P.O.Box 242 Sutton,AK 99674 Concerning:Proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project Dear Sir: I would like to make a few brief comments concerning the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project.In 1984,I built my home approximately two miles northeast of Sutton in the southeast quarter of section 13,T.19N.,R.3E.on the Little Granite Creek Bench (see attached map).There are currently four families that reside here year-round.Eight 10-acre parcels and four 40-acre parcels are located on the Bench,all of which would be crossed by the proposed intertie. I chose the site because of the unrivaled view of the Talkeetna and Chugach Mountains and the fact that the land is bound on the north and east by the Matanuska State Moose Range.The value that I derive in terms of quality of life is impossible to measure in terms of dollars and cents.I assumed the risk that 'coal development was possible,but I was aware and I made the choice to buy and build here.I was surprised to see the resurrection of the intertie project especially after the overwhelming opposition that it received from upper Matanuska Valley residents two years ago., I am not convinced that all alternatives have been given adequate concideration especially when so little appears to be known about the corridor.The following information seems criticalformakinganinitialestimateofintertiefeasabilitybeforeanyalternativecanbediscounted. 1.Land status along the proposed corridore has not beenestablished. 2.Engineering and continuing maintenance problems associatedwithconstructingapowerlinethroughmountainousterrainand over approximately 65 miles of permafrost.Conventional poleinstallationsuitedfornonpermafrostterrainarenotadequateforpermafrostareaswherefrosttemperaturesapproach32 degrees F.I suggest you take a drive to Glennallen and observe Copper Valley's power poles along the highway.I also suggest you talk to the department of transportation inregardstocontinuingmaintenanceoftheGlennHighwayatthecrossingoftheLittleNelchinaortheRichardsonHighwayat .Simpson Hill south of Glennallen.Please speak with theTrans-Alaska Pipeline Service in regards to thermokarst subsidence problems at the pipeline crossing at the KlutinaRiver. 3.Wetland mitigation costs for crossing approximately 65milesoflandcurrentlymappedaswetlandbytheNationalWetlandInventory. Without this fundamental information,I have a difficult time envisioning how any alternative could be adequately compared ornegated. A commodity.that is more difficult to assess than price perkilowatthouristhevaluethatlocalresidentsplaceonlivingqualities.Why should Mat Valley residents be expected tocompromisethesevaluessothatCopperBasinresidentscanenjoy lower cost power without any personal sacrifice?We all have the opportunity to chose where we live and the conditions under which we live.-Glennallen residents do not pay property taxes yetreceiveroadservice,schools,and emergency medical service courtesy of the state of Alaska.I have chosen to live in the Mat- Su Borough and pay Borough property taxes.At parity,I pay a total tax and power bill that is approximately 28 percent more than a comparable home owner in the Copper Basin. Many upper Valley residents derive their living directlyorindirectlyfromtourism.Most businesses survive on a thread due to the brief summer tourist season.Any activities in the valley such as the installation of the intertie that would deter even afractionofthetouristsfromtheValleywouldbankrupttouristbasedbusinesses. The intertie makes no sense economically,environmentally,and from the perspective of living qualities that would be lost. Sincerely, Mark H.Clark RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY MAR 23 1993 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. :Py fellas ts Steer oy oeNameofPersonCommenting:bei ie cerns SORE We De.TedMailingAddress::Rae ee .Sy ete tie aaSa-heeCwotstt.oe a beener€.= NEMly SEYSee (3 AAQy,ABE,Seward NOC. Nhe o*wh pitts crouth S0ue Yngoact zhe Gud of Labebetlic'Ll we having.eg ope "if Liao the;AR CHUtlid bo pugt fr Cogan Valley,, atl Wheat Stc Valle,/Sam Va)©t wre tor .Continued on Backteoreuehty2Age;97,Celie,por haya OphCftheAtigeCrp,Valleg Wee Uneumale weth COMMENTS:(Continued); }Unt,ond)Mer,”frrlt,of Ou,/Uaburcea,Alken,cocldefsaude&trnfarec)AGU,antk Oru Ope "Hee ny,Te fecls peer hts chielepmens ;: , Paco,pe.poor shat Alhirts ChiaSp ah pecaly lheom,yore |(Cincy Meus brgbend)J.Plu!2 martha )2.fissen-hay Cheah Cinetrena hemrad on LyveEUtrd,gegeegLittnshimChis.>3 Visceaf ¢Sten -Mo Olen hich thlimala®Heo eniochD to goleccd\a+tall have Med Ault m Mg Ueu dni wh tobi.oftenfilarpa0EeKa,Sabur Wick.wedfeoplflyomiLite Alle,thn thhin.fn to(tare Quality!"te badefene por thes wall)Pridy 1e#/kod],hick Ne4Watentls-hes prbdke boas tmgatet-bit,(00 gnilta by Ye wot-uuetlinky |"tk yous thes Ct fo Lee Thy QutuindOt aiittndven LS Ctuwat 0 Nill),tr addon ledtinfend et ee tn ky (kde Jthus Lert whirlsiIp.91.07 on Tk falch CUNihou)wt,Year anteShataalCainwa!Prag,Ort gins pookiuby 9fede7Cul,pla rade NG esWik Gf ee ualsneitheiafoptyindyfeslyo/fawn on pipascrnas.jlinkpie po 7 Unie5 tue,¥of Lf Ake ,tn ibe?br is ws ua muri Gt faeynfsirllonUhMarydedliogYY7Prpecitey.5 lace dhs &bites eastKyinCigwerWWft1Uphly[9kiwks |Our «WisieheedAKFeinVacsotyyAuelytthont WeCAnetapaterppbxiyleoldahthesbeWl,DimaEleSrpbangprPENAVale!iis 'thirorediceCumerity ap4,Die realy,Ltt i2hingfavmietn)Mobis,44Chath,tt A Nish |atic (run Lo.ap <CBamnin - his RECEIVED MAR 234 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if fundingpermits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report.: Wansy STUcKe eRNameofPersonCommenting: Mailing Address:Heo3 Rox ¥3b4-x Patmit&AlLasxs GGEUS COMMENTS:W\R.LicHharto EmeRmAA {SteTIoN 2.8 1S wHERE pty Hom?sTtAO 1S.WHERE Z Calf Home. DL ORtW IT YY FoR YouR CoswEewiZICE on THE ACOOM PAN TINE MAP EVEN THoULH DF Keow THIS IV FORMATION "AUAITABLE TO You zHRoubH THES747EA D MaT Su Bokoutch.Z Couch riveLeTATWATPowtRLin?wt YoU DQ Edmihued piPBacioJTHEREDSottDLIN,fRoViDINs You wout 1T 20CLOSTR.HoweueR Reeaust (7 Runs THROUGH VICTORY NIRIP Caw FT cilail cea nano wm ris a-- COMMENTS:(Continued) Dotte0 LiINt THatT TaKktS WTHL Back COoOKnnTRYTHROUGHBoutOthRcetek,TWAS 15 Hey a Sta D ow THIS 1SSUZ.THanrk You Hans STucke -Hand,Qrhew RS Bow woull)THE LOCALS (c0 ARowt be4JohonTHISPRLo)teT TTIAK aeens0oor"mA!oof : o7 "of° = ''eer Ylowt TAM OF(Wass STeckehiwS2CTIN2E SN IP*.=ZB Sq:215)WISN eeBEieINN ed oS a SA RA,2D)ine 5 ALTERNATIVE ROUTE 1 PRE MRARY)a 2 a AEETEre ALTERNATIVE MOUTE $PRELMINARY, +e +2 a amee SCaUs.vea200 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY PRELIMINARY ROUTE ALTERNATIVES SHEET 2 OF7 SHEETS Ame 1083 -s Soe --= DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS MAR 30 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY so neen emeanCOPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY*ASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considcred.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190269 Anchorage,AIX 99519-0869 Comments will be includedin the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I -Feport and Octobe:1,1993 for the draft Phase 2report. ' Name of Person Commenting:LeAL Mailing Address:YoU, STi V AK 467 -WE STROVGLY OPP6SE ANY MiGtl Pewee é NEAR THE TOWN 10 WHCH .OF Pan.Yan Liwe%S Ould RETEgMRESPENTIBL;REAS. OS S(O wl edie (-onv Continued on PackaEMALraeyEMMoe-_ ; _.an .A ee MG ak.TrtZnpronTHEYunuiCLECTROCHTEGLYDepyRET} SLECTE ULES ANYOHEREWeRene.THAT Cud ft LEAST S-1O MWES y KSIDER.THE HCuGTojane MICROWRUES,A OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR ay 3601 C STREET,STE.758 ANCHORAGE,AK 99503"R (907)561-4228 ECEIVED |APR 01 1993 PUBLIC OPINION MESSAGE ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY, May send 25 words or less,directed to Governor Hickel,Lt.Governor Coghill,orCommissioners.éc:femm.gah'Date:lisli te]G3From:ii (ft,yi N2KS-KEL,Phone:21 q-TAS Address)|SIO Senn fen a, Cncheraare Zip Code:59 saaSubject:Rrsjosaral &besticce))burine,iScctlen Akane hiMessage:Qc CO ofNe spect al Direweg1head,"toe the BeotthAoe_Aurame'aagl fain va Las8 om)Dhytinthy laa LAL AMAL? 712,--13/]vv 14 15 Line £2 AK mM./16 17 18 19 /// 20 27 22 23 /// 24 '25 Operator:l )4 els RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS , ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY APR 01 1993 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second haif of 1993,if funding - permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheetis provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October I,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:'Vonnre fen a nt.£l Mailing Address:£6 Ae Lei ¥ Chyctaliay OL Led COMMENTS:4 yn gpa 2 peak ode lan faceand(ert Af istate At saci on tego re 5ingyrbeieveproposalLNALYQIKQeaineafye.Fok oles,beni]pt Le Unsghth:yr be wytihe J Lefevre Fee IrenwiLitn"deaod aeweILEeeCtl,pi QeAbe 'tul save COMMENTS:(Continued)V4 Wo LUA sricinally,LI MobPOL.Ail |Li caelse a [San Dp,Lkpitt.stply)ens wire Ge Whine Mek mou tofWargC&ua,and.10 YetISFU(AS "ey ears oeUnto-Pulse CUTCHS had GUC Ure -uS |we bréab.---Sucly ae he he be bey-Whew Wis ik VAs s Cla and Ge /A (usturdlinginataeNo.Gr Wee OMe je S DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS APR 02 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY .COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY -ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will followin the second balf of 1993,if fundingpermits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for vour comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Atached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports,Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. br Fe9s,!Name of Person Commenting:ec wasnt Bee+A or:fie an a Mailing Address:aed ola COMMENTS:---7 a -_-".-y=Cain.Fras /lhe Can Sfruction of Te_-,Ae oy'i;élecTr,ae Tra as prs SSeen Lines freer Du Thea 7éONaRNee-mo,ee CA *on SD feel That s/f woeld Greatiy 2 tach (feue"Aom/ef che (-Ren.=fer ow of as keh [ive ia The Sathes find72'ree ;!18 UF en ld wt),.-y ) ;He cl Fh ha -_-d Ce Cu 'S 2 b Cha LE NESS ele Apoinued on BackTheCh.ldeen of The>wT tow Ss,c -|Cee ALEX, "od f 7SidweiOHTeG RECEIVED April 1,1993 | APR O£1993 Richard Emerman ALASKA ENERGY AAlaskaPowerAuthorityUTHORITYP.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman: This letter is in response to the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kv electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen. During the public meeting held in Sutton on March 15,1993, some serious questions were raised on the feasibility and impact of such an impending proposal.This project is more than just a transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen,this is an energy corridor that requires a 150'cleared easement and condemns a 900' wide space for homes and other daily human activities.The plan for this corridor is to cross residential areas in the communities of Sutton,Chickaloon and other private properties along the Glenn Highway. So what are the implications of this proposal?Well,first and foremost is,or should be,a concern for health.In 1990 the Environmental Protection Agency issued a warning linking electromagnetic fields with leukemia,lymphoma and brain cancer. Two studies done in Sweden by Stockholm's Karolinska Institute and Sweden's National Institute of Occupational Health linked a higher risk of leukemia in children living near high tension lines and leukemia in working men exposed to electromagnetic fields.How much of the Copper Valley Intertie Feasibility Study included health risks and who involved with this project is willing to take responsibility for the health of our children? Another very important consideration is the overall impact on the environment including fish and game.Besides the negative visual impact of such a gross slash through one of the most scenic valleys of Alaska,what about the sudden impact on wildlife from off-road traffic accessed by the corridor easement.The study also needs to address the impact on critical habitat areas,wetlands, tourism,and the possibility of a bark beetle epidemic caused by cutting spruce trees. Why are we even considering such a proposal when Copper Valley Electric Association already produces its own power with a surplus? According to MEA and Copper Valley Electric Association we are asked to sacrifice to provide Copper Valley with lower electrical rates,from approximately .20 per kilowatt hour to .11 per kilowatt hour.But is this the most feasible approach to this problem?It could be if you are only concerned with the cheapest costs. Usually though the cheapest is the most intrusive and the least safe.It could also-be very feasible to those trying to justify a $40,000,000 handout from the State;i.e.the Railbelt Energy Fund to fund this ramrod approach at the expense of a more viable solution. During the public meetings a number of alternative proposals were identified that need to be studied.They include: -A coal generating plant in Glennallen utilizing Alaska's coal reserves. -The utilization of identified natural gas reserves in Copper Valley for a generating plant. -Determining the feasibility of a potential natural gas pipeline from the North Slope or McKenzie gas fields which could be used as fuel for a generating plant. -Producing electricity from a hydroelectric facility in the Copper Valley.This would be the cleanest and most renewable resource. -An intertie from Delta to Glennallen. -Burying the transmission line. MEA,CVEA and AEA need to re-evaluate this project and be more receptive to the alternative options previously discussed before they damage the health and lifestyle of our community.So,let's burn those lightbulbs.a little brighter and come up with something more conducive to a modern frontier.Our quality of life depends on everyone. ° Ptah f/fLL Mark Bertels Sutton : "name i lee neh Twi li yearly olck and Tam wtitin to SayThopetheydontputtHebigpowerlinenkihopepatluhern vi . ;LLTogfdyUFTheeitsomephcelevyoneartereJereitmowlains,trees and Cryets and not Power linespirclinesand(OPES.My Comb,-|Ai ves Clone ie G-lenn HighwaytorConpirtgandbettypicking,mem ite the most beatiful rood j n|the "ork °Please owt Cun it, RECEIVED Sincerly \. APR 0 £1993 , Lee WF ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY Meueen IMEC ao ae ¥Ddultlere ,Ck.FOG G4 RECEIVED a.-JS)e at et ”°22.ALASKA ENERCY AUTHORITY Ko an @ 26 Jt ccepty Pp eve the Cnwtuelinc d CeeChirticteeCegennary|a Atlin:CO gteelAbinbmlt&toe daraaret Loner'anol jal HULe(saa Lhe fi tot imi Of cline Wee LachaiseHey:aflrs Contacte:G the pepe lene _LGaécind W otatiact-Gad Aeotity fecey(aatifeck accrue «pel Aad a.Cua pteppic to admits,wjherr the poruérink adong muchoptheParkeMuy.acereny appeeud,A274KLEuchATETUEL.Aarrage.F ancl timp ace He',becal prin eles &WTA Aan,Ceteuw gh u eclag eePlaneContatesttheALmaiinteensAu,With Lhe aeatr year acatolint af Clasha aud ugAM Griga-g 2he.poeucelene 'Cs Ak rong (liv.7wkinunCALETetetesZ(twee tind.ThettutcnrvePughJ,y IY fa verte KatpuceClLl)ster L-Gt.€vl Sta Ce et te "preereapptG2triabutlctibeauty,a (engQurittcunelidayerechaabknudaner'F& PLATE @ Cant thee be an AURA nclalirelcinteuchidtyAnan?Til Chee 7 Adu bécerne.PIL Ley TAL,aa agechuldriayCat71OreC1aimelvLatauwthiLaatecC1atedoFaan. autttipes 7 Gitw 254 ?a Lo dort nant lire wtth -hgpowerbane,and Fb Amt watt te leek wet tek tine II J the Tite twtsenpryinythatA2tiste.weld clasa-cia tt ,out we ,67 areund thy AUA yeerclel @¢Ck, BIL MEL Ce-Le,J | iHacerHLalCe.i RECEIVED APQ OC 1938 ALASKA ENERSY AUTHORITYoFeAlesseCotes.77te aAOfffectialyiheecpocsed fower Lang whe ve pear,| i)hey wotlk GOH coma,Z bectih Ateaes ure Bow (peut otltaheaLeLe-ON [PAT PACENTES yy,,BOX Go Suton PCN | RECEIVED HCOL Box GZS AP 021933 Parmer,At.946 €s |MASKAENSRevauTHoany APC al G43 Gore Ooty RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS APQ 0 Ff 1333 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITYCOPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITY STUDY "LASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding - permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are.important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman .Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 . Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:Craig 2 BL y- Mailing Address:PO.Dox 2479 Sutton,AK 9GFET4 COMMENTS:S @ @ atlach ed skeet Continued on Back YT nave teen i resident of Alaska for fifteen years,having lived near Fish Lake,in Chickaioon for the past ten years.I have hikec,hunted,and zsiied in the country the preorosed Intertie would pass tiwouusi,an area ut exceplional scenery.Through the vears,i have observed the vracreational usage for tfanting,hiking,skiing, snowmachining of this area of the Talkeetliuas mcrease,by not only residents,out many more from the Mat-Su Valley and anchorase. it is ate area of wiider mess accessibie ix vehicie iuia large proportion of Alaska's population. Buiiding aa intercie would forever change the citaracter of the countrys used by mans,being an evescre and a health hazard. There inust be other alternatives for Copper Valley Eiectric.even iF more costlr,because the cost of forever altering thie beautiful country tis beyond weasure.IT find the propusej Tiutertie cotaily unacceptable,not only a5 4 resident,but for the mans who use the area for recreatiunal use. DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS RECEIVED ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY 5COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDYA°2 9 £1933 ALASKA EXERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase fezsibitity study of the Inte.tie.Two sets of public mectings will bc dcld in Phase i ct which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.-Do not fee!limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the puviicauon of the reports,Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 Teport. Name of Person Commenting:-LiDde borah bhia (fir Mailing Address:<P >PR,woe 2D i,|Sten Ch S667 COMMENTS:.Sm opposed (a pla tebe B 6 lemnallendtdbeClermorevesbleJeybuilto-CLIN Lys foam Cty”SLU,7 ;,a 7 f It Kick phat (Lest7NSHbeerPCOTTneysenshabs ,yhac in Lepres Cy e_Cas 9e-lot a °a Continued on Backyr}ry poled hagesidLaditdbx&,, KHECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS 329 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY MURSAA ENSAGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Lntertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of 2 planned two-phase fessibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 atwhichcommentsmaybevoiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. George Cryo) aad |Se.her Ck PIGTIY Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: Ue €'Ge bo Oso &PF colic Gee COMMENTS:Saline Wo Axper A Ured,Purch of an ga Lueroen tel /1k3£cls ,ow yates LbSe.eg 5 Or "(UE yECLIGu Cuuw at doeccéx so lire Continued on Back RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY APR 0 1933 VALLEY INTER FEA ILITY STUDCOPPERVALLEYTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY 1 asks eneney AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Lotertie Project which would consist of a 138-kVelectrictransmissionlinefromSuttontoGlennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertic.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operationof the Intertie are important tothestudy.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheetis provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheetis not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detaiied as possible.Donotfeellimitedbythespaceprovided;attach additional sheets asnecessary.Attached for your reference are seven - maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practicalto the following:: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments wili de inciudedin the reports provided they are received at least svo weeksprior tothe publication of -the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October I,1993 for the draft Phase 2 _feport. Name of Person Commenting:PETER E OL!VA Ir : Mailing Address:Mile GS GLENN 1 W ia HCco3S Box S36 PALHER AK 99645-9707__2-APR-ISCOMMENTS:=/AM OPPOSED To THE RouTIng WiHicd Would BE ADJACENT To THE GLENN HWY IN THE GLACIER VIEW AREA, , THE BOULDER CREEK ROUTE WwouLd Wot IMPACT THIS ARER,SO ¢SUgGESI- THAT Roulé.Continued on Back IVY WIFE ROSEMARY SON BANIEL AWDMVSELEPrubeHEREarher73onTHE. GLENN Huy, /CAN THINK oF NO REASON To put THE /MIERESTS OF THE INTERTIE OVER AND PrBove THE RESIDENTS MENTAL&PHy SICAL WELL BEING,PERrion 4 Will Do ALL 4 CAN To convince MY REpResenTaATives AND YOURSELF THAT THE GLENN Hlwoy Routing 18 Tolaley ON ARCCEPIBEBLE, THANK you, Sincere Ly. |lect copies,REP HARLEY OIBERG | SEW.GEORGANNA LinmcoLN RECEIVED APR ?1 1993 aoApril3,1GGS Bear Mr.Emerman. Ca ond Yeo are writing to Express our concerns over the propeses wv intertie between Sutlon and Gienialtien.We are veru much opposed tu it fur ine fatiowing reasuns: 1.Tne intertie corridor wit have an extremely detrimental impact on tre surrounding ares.The inevitable access roads will pravide easy entru for ali torms of Git road vehicies.This in turn will forever change the gristine gualitu af the area,as more noise,pollution.and scarring of the forest and the fr agile tundra ensues. isa increase hunting Dressure in an area that is aiready ata capscity.in Cimenaloun.ine mierte will cross a drainage that nas Brovided drinking water for 23 jona as there have been peanieé in the area. Tie wntertie wail have a negative impact an severai iacaazi businesses.Groups ike Natinnar Gutdoar Leadersihia Scnooi and Nava River Runners are denenient tar a good fart of their Gusiness an the veri are interine wii crass.Sianwicantiy.quite @ number ot tne Customers are from tne Lower 40.They have come to Aiasks for @ pristine experience.and have put their dollars into the iucal and Alaskan ecanorn to have this experience.Collectively.the amaunt theyBa) w contribute is far more than ana savings Cif there realiy is anys to tbe gained fror an intertie.Tie wii nai pau to hike an a.rait acrass an area degraded bu an wiler tie., 3.The praopases rauie claseiy talinwa the historic NeiciiearKain trad Susien.Tins caneciion of tralis nat anig has histariw valué.bul Uruvides faire ibad aucess is a wide variety uf backcouili a BRMECIENCES,INCIUGIH,Mining,aorsehack riding,SUV use,snawmachinund, ANG se He,Tike Cnaracter mio tnexe Traus woulda ne desirayes, 4.0 We question whe oeamie along the Gienn Highwey should be ceqaliveliy impacied so that peupie in essentlialig a different parl afq Niaska can have cheater power.FPresumabiy they knew tne cost of power when they moved to the Conner Vallieu.We aiso question wing we should sutfer so Petra Star Refinery (wno nas aiready demansiraied @ willingness to cut corners on such things as environmental impact statements)can tuy the capisus araaunts of pawer they use a little - cheaper.Presumably,they too knew what they were getting inta when thay built the refinery.We forsee our electricity bills rising to support aad mainiain an expensive infrastructure we wever asked for. Tnese are just a few of the many reasons why we and almost all of tne peupie Letween Suilun anu Giennailen are opposed to this pruvosec intertie. Tiank uou, deft Arndt and Mary Barrett P.G.Box 24 Sutton.Alaska GGn74 April 8,1993 RECEIVED Laurie Dilley P.O.Box 3247 ApR r©1993Palmer,AK 99645 _ ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 . Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Dear Richard, It has recently come to my attention that there is a plan beingreviewedbyyourofficetoconstructanelectricalintertiefrom around the Palmer area to Glennallen. I am opposed to construction of this intertie for several reasons. The first being the recent scientific findings and public concern about electro-magnetic fields and their impact on the human body. Though this concern is still under study does it make sense to move forward with large above ground powerlines at this time?If studies or pending lawsuits are settled against the utility companies they had better be prepared to purchase any propertywithinthepossiblerangeofharm.The numberof homeowners to beimpactedmaynotbelargebyyourstandards,the communities of Sutton and Chickaloon for example,but to every parent with childern who live in these areas any risk is too high. The visual,and possible health impacts,to tourists and Alaska residents alike who travel,hunt,fish,hike,snowmachine or sightsee in the vicinity of the Glenn Highway will be negatively impacted.The Anchorage-Fairbanks intertie on the Parks Highway has downgraded the beauty of this drive to feel like Anyplace USA, and who enjoys driving under the lines to hear their radio crackling while knowing that the family is being needlessly exposed to electro-magnetic fields. The driveable roads in Alaska are limited for residents and tourists alike,the Parks Highway has the Anchorage-FairbanksIntertie,the Richardson Highway has the pipeline.Must we degrade the value of the stunning beauty of the Glenn Highway with giantpowerlines? No this powerline won't be in my backyard per se,but isn't thewildernessofAlaskaeveryonesbackyard?, Thank you for the opportunity to express my views on this subject. Sincerely, awe Laurie Dil REDOCUMENTATIONOFPUBLICCOMMENTS CEIVED ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY APR 131993COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the firat Phase ofa planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sels of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will foliow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is nol necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do .nol feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing (wo preliminary roule alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 1%)869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least (wo weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15.#993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 Zon LWe//s Mailing Address:OX:¥O , , Satay A&F7O7¢ Name of Person Commenting: COMMENTS:THe Proposed infap Hoe Woulll fewer "Le Geee%s ofJifefovmePevseualeauctMgPauCs,ple use Fhe 710UG @forhrhiingautwoulanoWauYaPowerMieSoZloseYoburAome:Die|Estate values ave the a considera Kroes. .(t 'fa "The taker Ke 1¢to OX fPCuns7V€e at Opn Mon,.Continuedon Back .Theve ave altevnakiye Ss Fon "he pepe aX Clenall eg octTheCopperVallee4VCG4| RECEIVED 1 t DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS APR 12 1995 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kVelectrictransmissionline'rom Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Autbority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in tbe second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important tothestudy.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible..Donotfeellimitedbythespaceprovided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Rickard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase [report and October I,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. i fi Name of Person Commenting:CEQO hE lAze Oe A )--:. Mailing Address:LO_Aot 7oY Sutten AK Ga¢7a |COMMENTS:rp A Ah,ap|ma LiteLe peelj;é ,DetrsondansisDEEL,d:pe",Spent alesoeCosarunYe(Lo *fe CY?wlEn y¥Otte .lachle ticfecle Gaike «onLan A;is ;tose dete!a ,.itas CE.Cif At etektlh:ANE Milethes FeeeyeheG9 A atl te2.Regminued pp Bak',Py4"e-7!edided wd Fe yy Line CYGPRE §Geer TO Cow7IDtlleeee,ebCexsgpoleproaalil 69Trad My leree Lageliveg RECEIVED APR 12 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS -"SKA ENERGY AUTHORITYALASKAENERGYAUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kVelectrictransmissionlinefromSuttontoGlennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phaseofaplannedtwo-phase feasibility study of the Latertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase |at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if fundingpermits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important tothestudy.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in orderforyourcommentstobeconsidered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Donotfeellimitedbythespaceprovided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK .99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication ofthereports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:Xoprene Lepode Mailing Address:PQ Bet 37Sullen,AK 97674 COMMENTS:-ah arr.Coreen dl about Thaw. Be Olean Riglintay Cociadon oll \a tenet 59 <Lbt4ahakcte,,RX ali,Fa on Back RECEIVED APR 1¢1933DOCUMENTATIONOFPUBLICCOMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY. COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Gleanallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase |at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will followin the second half of 1993,if fundingpermits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. LINDA KETCHUMNameofPersonCommenting: P.O.BOX 1132 CHICKALOON,AK 99674 Mailing Address: COMMENTS: A resident of Chickaloon since 1986,I attended the informational meetings at Glacier View and Chickaloon and listened to the presentations and all comments with interest.My instinctive reaction to the proposed intertie is total opposition,no matter how many reasoned arguments are presented in its favor.When is society -in this case the utility companies -going to stop basing its development decisions on the dollar cost instead of giving equal weight to the social and environmental costs?For the money invested thus far in cost analyses and feasibility studies,CVEA could have solicited sound proposals from the private sector,including alternative energy sources such as natural gas,wind and solar power. Continued on Back COMMENTS:(Continued) We bought 80 acres on the Chickaloon River in 1989 which we intend to make our home for life.Last fall our first son was born;we finally felt comfortable we had found a suitable environment in which to raise a child.We would never have chosen to locate anywhere near a transmission line,yet may unwillingly have one thrust upon us only a mile from our home.We are not MEA members,having chosen to be energy self-sufficient.At present we use solar panels,which will eventually be supplemented by a wind generator instead of diesel generation. I have several objections to this intertie,which are listed below: e This 80°line will be an eyesore whether or not it is located on the highway -on the highway it will have a negative impact on the natural beauty of the area,in my mind the most scenic corridor in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough -in the backcountry it will desecrate a popular and accessible recreational area of the state. If CVEA switches to a different (cheaper?)energy source,we're stuck with this monstrosity in our backyard for perpetuity. e The line follows or traverses the historic Knik-Chickaloon-Nelchina Trail for the greater part of its length.The Matanuska-Susitna Borough Cultural Resources Division has received a federal preservation grant to survey the trail in order to identify and evaluate historically significant sites along its route to help local communities document and preserve their history and culture.It's an understatement to note that such a transmission line would considerably detract from the historic value of this famous trail. e The proposed route cuts a relentless swathe through the Matanuska Moose Range.Opening up access to this would irrevocably.affect the nature of hunting for local residents.Game is scarce as it is,but even if construction brings increased moose browse it will also bring unceasing droves of hunters from Anchorage and the Valley with their accompanying all-terrain vehicles. This will impact all wildlife in the area. id The Chickaloon community was sufficiently concerned about potential siting of transmission lines to include them in the "conditional use"category in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough ordinance implementing the 1991 Chickaloon Comprehensive Plan. e Last,but not least,the controversy generated by epidemiological studies linking exposure to ELF EMF''s with a variety of cancers,whether or not the scientific establishment discounts these as "not proven",has prompted the EPA to demand closer examination and policymakers to recommend "prudent avoidance”.Personally,I prefer to avoid all exposure to a risk for which no "safe”level of exposure has been established. Since utilities are chartered to serve in the public interest,with the responsibility of putting public welfare first,I question whether CVEA has the right to compromise the welfare of my family and neighbors in the interest of stabilizing its members'electric bills.We chose to live here in full knowledge that electricity,should we opt to hook up to MEA,would be expensive.I cannot imagine Copper Valley residents deluded themselves into thinking utilities would ever come cheap in their area of the state. Win Kehtura ll$-45 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS RECEIVED ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY . COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY APR 1£1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Gleanallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is condveting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility st:dy of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will b>held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second hal?of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one addit.onal set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Lotertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is nct necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detai'ed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route .lternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibili y study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alas!:a Enezgy Authovity P.O.Box 190659 Anchorage,A 99219-086¢ Cz.rs-ents will be clud:.i in the vp.sis provided they 2:received at least two weras pot.to 44s publication of the repocts.Teatative dates are June 15,1963 for the Phese i report and October 1,1993 fir the draft Pnase 2 seport. { *-|e =-Ah .}'.Ng Name of FersvsCommeating:ens OVBy:=Ce Lh,eanRE ING I |pri Y ;CG =lm Vf we?aeeraa ' Mailing Address:Or.Cit iO CX v7 2 COMMENTS:Lo 2/Ips"¢?7 /ys A bef G £9 COX,J AGS BILL,CAanAleook Lub5.Kener aCesccssleleekve|| per ie ee OE,L Continued or Back -:a 4 Zee _Le tq CL Ate aa 44&MOEaan WAY Te 1 Abe -Lflfee DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY APR 1 £7393 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY ALASK4 porn"ERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennalien.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important tothestudy.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is providedasaconveniencetoanypartywishingtocomment.However.use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We requesi that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided:attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary roule alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Me.Richard E:merman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least (wo weeks prior to the publication ofthereports.Tentative dates are Juine 15.1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Shirley Ye Lach balz/2.0...L°E0%aAsy Zorro AK 27EZY Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: COMMENTS:Regarding Yipee froflssek A7EA -COLFER VALKGY [NTERTLE +Why 1s the FeesabiliTy Srudy being dove ard the lebying fer +he S¥o aisllon Dalrol Pr eTIon befere any Paslie review Process has bec dsr.Ttheve shoely be Fezsabsl/ry Continued on Back as e2oo/varar el QPS ¢hye ¢leerr JC -by aves lable 7StudlesSomeceorheralreruerives (%TayColferValleor)Y dre2a,waar ehroar7 Yhe Ai lel iambOryAKC1%Yalde 2.that AIVesSKA woulyw fre Ley the Coffer Va Me Assoc aTeo 77 @ar»'rm or wOoxrT Tell us where the Stefese 7?fur As linc which would weeess/TaTe 2 [50 FeeT Wwe 7 .wiv efecrroc"7 Throas &Con 4 comm an Go "Fn a : . .J*eT rR Fie bd @rea,tL >Te7aly 39 2)©7- t4)5 Me7er Tre (7 ye 25 v000)78 daTcck wGA bas wt Seen FLIP 7o2vewLagvTelecThiciTyye7e797BarreJaPa/fe.f+o>he SXIETIAD liwes.fe TheySern72eyfeerwee.ro sv ard Ware whileThey'pen T4)s 4uage yrowsrer by wher Zhave,72 Look ar fr RM THA Thome ad eye jw Te rece SS. Aap te even Com dea,27 zeny hore Paul F.Twardock RECEIVED Box 544 4101 University Dr. Anchorage AK 99508 APR 21 1993 907-279-0409 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY 4-19-93 Richard Emerman AEA PO Box 190860 Anchorage AK 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman. I am concerned about recent news of a new intertie powerline between Sutton and Glenallen.Could you please put me on your mailing list for any information you have on this project. I have heard that a couple of the proposed routes have the line going away from the Glen Hwy and in to the Talkeetna Mountains.My primary concern is that the area is one of superb wilderness recreational values.My next concern is that the Glen Hwy is my favorite 'scenic'drive and I would hate to see that scenery interrupted by another bunch of metal 'rabbit ears.' Sincerely. Paul Twardock :RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY APR 191993COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY. You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV | electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallea.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second balf of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication ofthereports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report., Name of Person Commenting:So yc.Dans Ke LL Mailing Address:LE RG Laure /_fecnss Plagbellan bbtach,Gy.Gore COMMENTS:There beve been rc coor sh-Sresaw|re la hon ship be Kveen Ji aec and Carcrn-.del beng{chm ry BD 67 '.oF f.jd Le Bart /7 Fb %"rm eS<a or shoe.fis the area f°forres Jd >"9 4 )6 ,;ce Continued on Backo!"¢,J ve 7 wil Be dis fuhed>beanies,ae <n wt SPS RECEIVED DME y 1.91993LIE,Mk.Em CE 1296 7 APR Z ;ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY:have beerr 2 Suffern fen OWnere Sime IG SS LL Aen KeChe AtoarTrefreposelBZrerTCkTe@be7HeC+r Sa Kerand6/enrne Nery because LDL unders 749 laeze ARE OCTAet pd 7eenert0eS Tha7 Can s ygel7 CcY er $2 lbeg wef TherMleeded[RCE wie laces”AkQGleciiraATHef°EE ly ga le cS Lelesiy fe ,CLIO(Cen me@evheTCSenglCe?07 fesse ble hee /7hafrefhnaT-sy.Vea eg hess Jer ISZLLecce.Atteaded vA (T1877 in Sa ler)who Sypliedl a)Get mea Tenn 7THiCrsfiloDecT-AT 7ais Fime,LZ woufdlke7?a X fee OSS "07 UECYS Se /Agr7rcprey5Yop?T J7C OASukaAtee<r RS S re Ss 7 Vz)cs GVO Te Cc 7LZSpeenComerti1eaAbou7JAE hee [7A fers KS 7S my Laan:/.aa seCoenmun,The 7Ae LE hes hee Lo ring07)whe Ting Jo Frave J”«7 re.hee/T%KeEKS ARE f0T Y6056 geestrenel rT Am Spec Aly Cenc eened Lez SAC.alec Ts Con Um Je meutTn eld Son.ZX Aw net willing T°Gemble Prat Treee Ane eT an neg,ive Censegenges Bez being expe d Jo Fre Co ble Ariecd,DZD fesenT bhavine TS IOs mon«te (.as well Ar a7 and depreciation vlu&dak "Vass@ in the Co pee Vex \le Ujhe4TO.A ay a ae here Pa a4 cal lee? a MN ekg! CX pensive e/ecrtic bMS and H&K.Bee exgecTed §JB Sece-Lee tutlyptdvE?.Zo Cort Vallee |[CoC SCLFeTlcsTALe2/COTC ITE JROPE,AEN[et C-Gyre ve Ver /ey Goad feo Witag,FU pyro,Ae.Vr 77 GUE At llr Ou AOITaeM427Sas-£080 dere FT Sufhee 1907- onl hea 17h ASA S tL pead.Jeveloo 7HbuM486KofyigSe77€SK 7Ae Lact./ris hres seer ekhec 7rd aryhtes7yfebecawsrsex2Can707CpdeveonraulPEGEETY"ra77/Si 05 SPIE WOK.cS se fled.Ne AL Tee.,7 cS,ZZ lo. OT fee/Secue@e Ga sae feer-36 2 - TA€°mea florea ewefl be |PEE 1974 Yr eTseHedpodAnComsdatingSC0754 mg grepelly AS A Cosy (x of JA 0sw19ePCL,LL wevrjey nqg Cobian fa Sa tenCe47dTAKE;a”es7Ss veh KearpdJaefAadT>Sa-velleg JO eayey 7492LieLEe@TTEn°7”ie das Lev?24 Vere neGadGan(5°"30S (aTeLe JIC Woy fel put «4 eu t To 7Ae7-and TawSUREAleTotCommerce72247 Cones inte Pre Valley rom peopUkeouesellbesandth:ends, "he cenclusieon,TH would CucunayThisDusecrienetbeboilandlametP\setng ti ves 'a x@lered.Thank in Qak i an K_Time.|) :<>AC g RECEIVED APR 19 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY -_=YY ee)essen der FO FaesafetaT0CWMbinveLCC841Wyreece ved.Regatdi ny Jere pri psel §Cypee Vee "Zuarce ire Feosew er be Tucer SY and bleanallen.ZB have Sevecs!weews On TAS Sta $Seer Faas Zo woulsd )ke 7S OX pass AT fas Terme.Mach of my .Opin im Comes Sacay A Sa 7fen Comme alyneelrag_Z (tte a ded /<s7 wte tH.. Z-2s7,Zz Awe neoT Reed nee Aecvr2oS of ang evidence:TAG TF Sa 5 FOS7S SachAtEXITSynesreas¢e@e 47 Fas Tene is P|CC OSS:ZT uendeer7 Aud TrayTheseLUEe"na +C1162 Yd Pee Na2S Svel sos coal hg d2e elec7THra of netaG45,72 name eum,faagrT Sheald$e oxplezed 2 Srese mom be rH OecesreCkecTrveandfo2e%jens obST€uc77e2 72 Fae mayarael SyueroendsAags 1a THe MaT.Yall Zz de nor See Pa Vey ETTris7im@ esidenTs Lf Tre”fay.Ue legmadSPare.Secwafice Fok hot ent AbOos J onideuts a Copp ez Valle )atWWOre-SeeC Frealtre ebeeperec UIE O_fot Perce SV We."Corp \e {{bzcnisred ;Thee seeqice p Pree (eT Cop pee Ve (leg.Paes ide TAe Se"uvic®.MD do uneT see|- Cc.WVhyPLWUATRCC(tizens in Tre Way,Sa.VaryCc-A wees "-Pri.Te Capeek U alles Pham iseelCorpostavionms.¢ Sek VIC.e,TACr7PerteTerAdesceFe Va lle,Aesideace SACK ¥£c & -7 7 .J,-Tres k.GEOR TY ve fed}(Go s7o/eS,CII Kern Ane +g 7-GH of possibly hea/72,-WEdidnevjovirteradushyAadVekheandKESheuJd eT Capprk 7=.OWL.CommengAe7 Mev fhave 7 pay fee FT.Zz freer AS¢d Cem Serne f Aba 7- Tne YHYeel7”>GacToe,Z de woT WAHT ™ Ved aa Deven Las.wha?l Abou 7 plea JSwildIle?.ZK wc Caenac7 Jerfad JOOA Accute TCR )Got ine7Fon on JS, Z da 1207 LJ@07 7 =A Se ces Ly 7o7beGkinedLetGare'seach unknownFeeTRS. "-Z fur poT able.7 Cop Fee ov "vyPEGE75tTTASTHAVELeccageSeo&TAE.Z.lyaF Ves LP Tee77e srieeyaecTSF. bul7,Aad ¢¢Se,poke bly deperc Hche Tae pvaeflero MK 77 LSP OG [Jace17hesbeenYepballypromisedJ44 77NopaiderTUlandwil?be .Athkec TedeitheephySiceWaok.be Yieuwr obSteucLTawevriaeveeVay>less yor cee ay JhuaT proekd iseanyThininWeiTing.OU gles peet ara Su then will wot Saffee Crlsequences &Ts pAcTecTEgO,FF.lyigh p\e--cable proSect.smTAKESpcemney(nN ChE WAact:Su:PROP EEry we TAVIS up i 7Ae-°dawn aA a A ott hs oe Mecies, ust \\no} o°"- in Sutin ymY CPU PLETHISE prere C CesF/eantAeTheticSofChe waeT-Su.Yalhey,her Tete Are Of A€£.vi rhle. MHC ATI VES. Zia Cer7€[aS on,ar a Vat AGC OSP-T7%€ CesrSTRUC TION ol (Ae LDepeesz7e heween Saxon nd Glenneflern.LZ Think ome Af Teenarziver shculd hemolesee-au/consi deze.4d 2 KpliredmdeneTTrainkTVWherFaeMalSe. Va oy frecsi 2nT7s sfsuld have 77 PegGor?"sf Geck:Lice.Faerie fe fesTy fe s $cRPresEeCunnecessatify)ja SAG CogpeeWe/le 2 da noT_AAG 477 col Lew ery LyCKddse¢Jo 7A€Alea //77 RASAS TAs )pelo Sec mM b26-79 os AI Theogh,a boo lAT mn &Le)CET because ThPepepelave.The OAUnuilonr mM ean Tv,ust [Lie-Ze_a odpurc-eceT and b eed y Qn d PES Cc efit LethateteSeeTheolandvelue degeecsate because of an gs0z7-ple.Mon STROSiTZ-72a 7 Can 6c Meoded.chth SpPUuC,ZzPraagkeefoxfer707foRevetnghatche | idea iT J x=ml Wh ted So YoiceiwSpineSaoVAgr(7 mg be. consideted in The Strerg yoite ©AGainT These gre seal:Sirceze te F Sa tern Pesidanrt {06 "0 gkS- RECEIVED R 19 1993AP ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY 85919-0- in - fey6 Anchorage,AK 99 S nergy Authori: 190 Cl Box Alaska P.O. Ca aotwefesoba aghaa hoe gy Woogie cyt ifset wae . wet 5. [3 > snment yr x ir > imQondAQ”4 Ct eTmyaiADote $5 v> oe;Se re) a Wwch & eta aa Oo OO wt Mees ot 4420) ei U4>iS Face Cya942 outtomn AE AIAGT4A }RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS . ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY APR 22 1993 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY aiaska enerey AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two wecks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting: -_-[im Leasenrict.v Mailing Address:Lox £637 PAL AFR AR FEES COMMENTS: opted Be Uo Dota.Fhene parovtll TE oswet,feaily fot gh anak beorlipel RyhurggAAawirredGtLats"Doe ban pvewl4ThangtabditinableAapoolrodllieaipllanr9ff hock adeeeAnprawiea-©sgesbiut TE Arhbade.|C nes) COMMENTS:(Continued)Pine btn enpiry rb7,1,coon ost ver Oeil To 2 ech ptipn,pli digs puget Jo leone ) RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS APR 25 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY ALASKA ECOPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDYNERGY AUTHORITY, You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallea.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase I at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication ofthereports.Tentative.dates are June 15,1993 for the PhaseI report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:.Cer SH/Lvs6 Mailing Address:P.O Box HAF Carekgzoon),AK GFETS COMMENTS: =:LD 21efdactin,Ween teaawdwpgeatfpotirtesdhot2fadContinued on Backbre+pet bvenread ey Ah quucte ature ey;Tne Aouts "uw about Ahi. /aardebance Sovode oro Ga.badbaptr>d 2AhiAttaMies etl Ta 20k RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY APR 2 8 1993 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY. You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings.; The comments of ail parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verdal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.in addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary ia order for your comments to be considered.We requsst that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided:attach addiiional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary routs alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Piease submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.3.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least wo weeks prior io the publication ef the rapo.ts.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase 1 report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 repon. |AME L arsan Pc.Box S320PalmerAc946 ¢e Nams of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: COMMENTS:My husband and I are very much opposed to this power line running through the residential area of Chickaloon.We fear for the safety of our young children,as well as for the many developing children in the area.The Copper Valley Electrical Association is telling the legislaturethat the line does not run within a mile of any residence.Yet the proposalis mile from our house. Alaska is a big state.Is it necessary for this transmission line to parallel so close to residential communities?We value a rural lifestyle that Continued on Back we worked hard to develop for our children.This line not only endangers our children through effects of electromagnetic fields on developing bodies,it also destroys the esthetics of a wildreness area,and lastly develops a corridor for inconsiderate,urban ATV riders to roar through our neighborhood. We understand that others want cheaper electrical power but is it necessary to devestateour communities in the process?I thank you for you time and any assistence you can give us in preventing this line from being run near our community, RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS MAY 041993ALASKAENERGYAUTHORITYueCOPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY__ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which commeats may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. -7 4 Name of Person Commenting:Dag las A :hy Psseon Mailing Address:He pi Bax $392, Palmer,AK SG45- COMMENTS: Mp.Emerman '¢As a resi deat ps He Chrcioe View Conemesnaly yak would ihe FoVoie.”opinion on Pe Sten -Ghaneblen Latertes L OV Hy _.fob hy x aur ites 20-Rs clon Wo roach,Zn th short rue ,an Daketevouldbeferodle+te Aecstsaponin even,Lot tn 0-H ys The (PeterneedsareAhlyébeAffered90Feereele!recomend te?ee!"study¢allecnsthivss to maka the CopperVe Bos Aeaenderis ore poiver €thet <2 geraritad So See,;ty thorr mee area,TD ako .fe UM rene :;vA -aahe i,PaceeamLinMEGEWedneeBhbCroThawyou7 THz Ri checd TMA lone.Preska Taare,duthor myLO,4 \AGSXdueTnclaesang,Pylasken US 19 -OBleF -May \,1993 ,DT Woe oh.Mile AD o&Me Clean Highway Gah voovld Wl.+o:shat,MAM,OBUATON on ae Svotban-Eleanallen Tatea-ve. Live CrP Residents Amr OPorsed Sotha Toevkec-Yir Apres through An,&the Matanuska Valley.he blean Highway Is one of she Wedhesk highways om Alaska.ty follows the Melanuka rn vallay and others splendid urgsas at the'Choccch &TA azins,Mosca,Ranges §whe enalansska Run which grondesDecreeona\OgROTTVATLS Yar Many Alaskans S doumets.WH Wlan alse offecs grote ORRENATES sf S edacrecs aeDMahaowska,He Rath HK TAU EAR Glaciers.here aseReoQaadsmeAlaskaShadhesSemud'peat,Rownicy - So Aatwrel as YQ Maleauslia Valluyy and tha blean Bighwau,.XK woold Yate "we 32a ther dantroued by a hing.VBR-KV olechQicTFRAASHTSSON\ws LINAS)hrooak aA4 Pacts ck thes vel. HL Nomadty is oh Concendcatid aQ ern aren a 4 Glu,,dat 1s HL cE lant of wha Woah way San Sotton *'Glenaclen. Toe aean &FeSidank of He Mmalanoske valley sac IN92,1 tosed Ty Hy Ualliy eequse of cs Reake,Tis ack 2004 living, ere agit 3s B00 far Gon Wark opaspacts,oul Wea choian Tam aled Emad.IE he where apmss throveakHe Valley 'ee will dashoy the Censon Emoved hare.=wusn YO acces A Land &do ask Want to eae a Koa.Power Me Worn mnansyOAMRIKomyURL.TA doord Qsateoy ae NTCZXRaveSly,Aeomglished.TX Cece nv Bent for A ander Te,BANE of Le rol GHhecked GL act Iyenck¥. |ZS cealize wheds Me cecdents ot sda Copeec Qa,_Marg ansta, Sonne of Tarcann .Zl ARR at arnrorrs-shock |Bark Trusarvad ian Wisee pete CeSeacdw hong on AMR CORED KOH =wher-ne.aus she Gollewing been Mhernughl,Studied!|-Q)Mere CPG Sram:Bleyestea.,Searons heb Mares Ops Weld he «\petder Storer,of TNA form .CV.Cesdenrs Shel eleckerrat,KS Me Aclhwel ,Kes anWestad«-Valdaw-yss¥,\oerand of. @®Coau |:aStecr allerachwes have Been Shodred &nw othac opttonsConYeKeuad,thon hy Eater-ne shold lake a)Qovte CompletelyGrofthe:marenvke Valley.There Ba Yer persed foube |Noth of the Valley,Scosely ottec aM Ss.Dinow aWoldcoseMole,wt ahi leaky.sk te Meakennsler| Notley 1%woe.ALL tre pense,, Pood.Wee US Le.cesidanrs oF Nag Medenvster |Woden,errdecd Whek we onovedl gob hace Goch | Noord 'oxaucty %Qurdkwrs oF Hu NelanaskKe =|!Dalley,Cove Ormirte »Dre Soc "eeesenS Wher,'rs ok.Skokie!,ot hontyou,.Jf ;| abe ASAEChVoloon,plese a eyDamWEAR. RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS MAY 10 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study wiil follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order'for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please subinit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O,Box 190869 Anchorage.AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least (wo weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15.1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. YWiliem Sehmidttyune Yor Aw Sulton.fArlas ka Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: 'COMMENTS: au Support th Su toon Com monty Couns ev)Re Solu hon 43-0¢ Opposite ry the Co per Natlew Sate ye and +am Stra nal EW Courag vs 4 alter nadive ener B)Continued on Back SOurGR =o fge CUER. "Alaska Center.for the Environment.519 West 8th Avenue,Suite 201 ¢Anchorage.Alaska'99501 «{907}274-362) May 19,-1993.ee -*-RECEIVED "Ron .Garzini,Executive Director wn M fe :'Alaska Energy Authority -eo te tr ee May el 1993P.O.-Box.190869©:ee cote ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORIT:Anchorage;'AK 99519-0869 °Ret.Proposed Glerinalien.to 'Sutton Intertiea'Dear 'Ron:.ot We learned too'late to.attend.vany-of the AEA's March 'public-'meetings that the idea of..a Glennallen.to Sutton intertie had been'resurrected..Subsequent 'to that,-we.learned.that -legislative'funding.was being 'sought before the.feasibility |studies.were*completed.-:That:caught us by.surprise- -and:disturbed.us--since"seeking funding -seemed to.cast -into doubt the objectivity of 'the::feasibility studies and'suggested.that'the Authority might already|have made up.its mind about .the.proposal.-Many of us*-thencontactedthelegislature,but of course it was 'difficult this year."to convince that body.-not to spend.money,regardless of how'well:-or poorly |justified:'the spending proposals might have been.We'rehopingthatin'future'years the _legislature -will._be +moreresponsible._.2 " We oppose this proposal.Based on earlier analyses,we doubt that .it'has a positive:cost benefit ratio;or if.it,does,that it is as”favorable 'a ratio.as other alternatives.We have not seen,incidentally,.any mention of end-use conservation prograls in the -.meeting transcripts we've reviewed so far.We're curious about the -.fate of the recommendations staff made to the.board on September:_20,1989 regarding these programs (#4 at.page.25).What was the.moboard's response?Were 'these _Programs:ever _implemented?. 7 At the 'present:time,°however ,.what we're most:knowledgeable about'are the very substantial adverse impacts that would result from any'outing between Glennallen and Sutton.It'appears.that to date you-*might have heard mostly from residents who very understandably do.net want the”line:to'run near either their homes or the highway'they frequently travel.Local residents are concerned about their'health,'the degradation.of the area's extraordinary scenic beauty,and the effects the 'latter will have on.both.._recreation and-tourism.:oo . : : None,of these concerns are limitedto local residents only..We-hoped several years.ago,and still hope,that the Glenn Highwaycouldreceiveascenicdesignationthatwouldpreservesome'of themostbeautifulviewsinAlaska.This is important.to locals,'the.thousands of Alaskans who drive the highway,and tourists whose first impressions of our state are received along the Glenn.The Parks has been badly degraded by unregulated development.We'd hate to see that happen on the Glenn. Finally,it is far from true that no one would be affected by aroutingawayfromthehighway,including behind the mountains.ThehistoricChickaloonKnikNelchinaTrailwouldbebadlyimpacted, as would the legislatively designated Nelchina Public Use Area,one of the most popular and beautiful hiking trails in SouthcentralAlaska(Hicks.Creek/Chitna Pass -we've included for yourinformationacopyofthetripdescriptionfromtheSouthcentral|hiker's bible,55 Ways To The Wilderness),and many other popular and scenic trails and landmarks. Alaska is blessed.It is the least developed state in the nation. With a little work it's still possible to get into areas where relatively few people will be encountered,and roads,power lines,and other manmade facilities are non-existent.It is exactly because relatively few people will be encountered in the Talkeetna Mountains that they are such a valuable resource for both Alaskansandvisitors.It is ironic that it is precisely that quality which causes you to recommend them as a possible location for a largepowerline.We are adamantly opposed to siting the intertie there,as are many other Alaskan individuals and businesses who recognize what an irreplaceable treasure the Talkeetna's are. This does not mean that we believe the power line should be routed in people's backyards or along the highway.We believe itshouldn't be routed--period.We certainly don't believe Alternative 1 is better than Alternative 2.In any case,to say that one route would degrade residents'homes and the highway,and the other would degrade the backcountry,is a false distinction. Both alternatives.would degrade all of those areas significantly, but in differing degrees. We were very pleased to see this proposal dropped several years 'ago,and hope that you will see fit to drop it again. Sincerely, CUl[Ezines Cliff Eames Issues Director cc:Mike Wenig,Trustees for Alaska -\) ty-?CHICKALOON TO VALDEZ One-way trip 42 miles Allow 4-5 daysHicksCreek/-_tian point 4700 tect .Total elevation gain 4120 feet esetbound,t.Chitna Pass 3680 feet westboundBestlateJune-SeptemberUSGSmapsAnchorage02,03,04MatanuskaVatieyMoceeRange The Talkeetna Mountains,which Invite endiess wandering,are a fascinating wildemess of peaks,tundra,alpine vaileys,and clear mountain streams,many of them far from civilization.A nearty circular route Is described.By using this trip as an access,many other trips,limited primarilybyyourtimeand food supply,can be planned from topographic maps. According to old-timers,prospectors traveled on this trail in the earty 1900s,The foute took them from Knik (which in summer couldbe reached by boat)and Chickaloon,up Boulder Creek,over Chitna Pass,and along Caribou Creek to Alfred Creek (Trip 49).Their destinations were gold prospects and mines on Alfred and Albert creeks.Today these are off-road-vehicle (ORV)tralls,still used by miners and by hunters in the fall. "Route to Chitna Pass,August(Simmerman photo) 2sreteae:2 TS a . - tree TceostveCrs,s PF Ss wt walt « Crossing Boulder Creek channel,August (Simmerman photo) The route described here is not a marked,maintained trail but rather a collection of ORV,horse,and game trails.The trip is not for novices;it is possible to be con fused about the route and become lost.A 1:63,360 USGS topographic map Is essential;help is tar away.Experienced backpackers,in good condition and able to follow USGS maps,will find this a delightful experience,if they don't mind using ORV trails.Watch for caribou,moose,black bears,brown (grizzly)bears,Dall sheep, wolves,and coyotes.. From mile 99.2,Glenn Highway (99 miles northeast of Anchorage),opposite powerline pole no.7746,turn north onto a dirt road.Park here (elevation 1776 feet), without blocking the road,or park south of the highway.The first section of the trail is known locally as either the Pinochie Creek Trail or the Hicks Creek Trail. On foot,follow the dirt road north.It quickly becomes an ORV trail that climbs above timberline to a 3150-foot pass.The trail is deeply rutted,often mucky,and lit- tered,but the total trip is worth this initial visual discomfort. From the pass,the trail descends to Hicks Creek at 3000 feet.A side trip heads northwest across Hicks Creek to a small alpine take (elevation 5000 feet),about 5 miles away (good camping,but no firewood).Monarch Peak (elevation 7108 feet), towering above the lake,is the highest in the area and a steep but easy climb. The main trail continues to Hicks Lake.The route may change from year to year. Pick whichever side of the creek looks easiest to you.A good campsite is at the 146 wor 1 RE,BOR Tete oe 0 I SOS eee ee ty\MATANUSKA VALLEY MOOSE RANGE south end of the lake.Beyond the lake the ORV trail crosses a low 3300-foot pass, then follows Divide Creek down to Caribou Creek (elevation 2800 feet),about4 miles from Hicks Lake. Follow the trall up the south side of Caribou Creek,passing good campsites.In 1%2-2 miles,the ORV trail leaves the creek and heads southwest,paralleling the creek on high ground.Just before Chitna Creak,the trail forks;the right branch leads down to Chitna Creek. A more difficult route that avoids the ORV trall continues along the south side of Caribou Creek,Just above the junction with Bilty Creek,climb the bank to avoidcliffsandtravelthebluffuntiltheroutebetowisclear,Do not cross CaribouCreek at any point.Above the JunctionofChitna and Caribou creeks,follow the south bankofChitnaCreekabouthalfamileupstreamtotheORVtrailcrossing.Cross Chitna Creek;itisswift,but usually not deep nor difficult to cross.The ORV trait continues north along Caribou Creek.DO NOT FOLLOW IT.At thetopofthebiutfonthenorthsideofChitnaCreek,go teft,off the ORV trail,and search for the foot trail that follows Chitna Creek. The trail now blends with game trails,making it difficult to foliqw,but it does con-tinue to Chitna Pass and Is worth the search.About 2%miles from Caribou Creek, turn northwest up a tributary of Chitna Creek toward Chitna Pass.At 3600 feet the 147 Ld vegetation changes from brush to open tundra-and delightful walking.A gradual climb to Chitna Pass (elevation 4700 feet)-2%miles away-leads to fine country for camping and exploring.Nearby 6000-foot peaks can be easily climbed.Drinking water is availabie,but firewood is not.Map reading skills are essential to find the drainages that lead to the pass. Southwest of Chitna Pass the trail parallels a small creek.Where the stream enters a small canyon,about 22 miles from the pass,the trail stays on a descend- ing ridge northwest of the canyon all the way to Boulder Creek it does not drop steeply to Boulder Creek directly west of Chitna Pass,as shown on the USGS map. About 4 miles from Chitna Pass the well-defined trail ends where it enters the Boulder Creek gravel bars.Following the southeast river bank requires scrambling over bluffs,necessary perhaps if Boulder Creek is high and cannot be easily crossed.If the water level is low,waiking the river bed,splashing across the braided channels,is the easiest way to continue.At higher water,cross Boulder Creek once, and stay on the northwest side where occasional stretches of a trail can be found. Some bushwhacking through alder or willow may be necessary.Camping is good on the river bar., Just before reaching the bluff of Anthracite Ridge,cross Boulder Creek and find the Purinton Creek Trail on the east bank of the stream,at the base of the ridge.On some maps it may be labeled the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail.Foliow this trail south,then east to the Glenn Highway.The trail has a few boggy spots,but gener- ally the walking is good.Little water is availabte;there are few desirable campsites. Ona clear day the approach to the Purinton Creek trailhead is spectacular,with its panoramic view to the south of the rugged Chugach Mountains. To reach the Purinton Creek trailnead by road,drive to mile 89,Gienn Highway. Parking is available in a pullout on the highway.About 100 feet east of Purinton Creek (highway sign reads "Puritan Creek")is a short dirt road heading north,then east.Follow the road,through private property (respect no parking and camping signs).The road becomes an ORV trail and ascends a very steep hill to the north, The trailnead elevation is 2200 feet. The route can be used for ski touring,either as day trips from elther trailhead or as a several-day trip for exparienced ski tourers and winter campers.The route near the traiineads Is likely to be packed by snowmobiles.In midwinter prepare for very cold weather as temperatures to -30°F are not uncommon. CHICKALOON TO VALDEZ Traverse of round trip 25 miles Allow 3 days4.Syncline High point $471 feet .Total elevation gair:traverse over summit#Mountain -4400 feet,round trip 3800 feet Best June-September .USGS maps Anchorage D1,02 The routes described here provide access into the back country of the Talkeetna Mountains,which are inhabited primarily by caribou,sheep,miners,and-during the last part of the summer-hunters.Part of the trip lies.along the route of the old Chickaloon-Knik-Neichina Trail,which provided access to gold mines on Alfred and Albert creeks before there was a Glenn Highway.Several different trips are posst- ble,including a climb of Syncline Mountain and a traverse around the mountain. The climb is not difficult,offers nice views of the Chugach and Taikeetna moun- ete ee ee P.O.Box 111944 Anchorage,AK 99511 (907)345-1691May17,1993 RECEIVED MAY ¢1 1993 Mr.Dick Emerman RGY AUTHORITYAlaskaEnergyAuthorityALASKAENE! P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman, Thank you for the set of maps of the Copper Valley intertie feasibility study. As!mentioned,|am a property owner at mile 72 on the Glenn Highway(shaded area on the map).!first heard of the proposed transmission line on the local news around the 9th of May at my King Mountain cabin. |object strongly to this proposed transmission line being constructed in this nearly pristine valley.[do not believe it is possible to place this line anywhere in the Matanuska Valley without creating an ugly scar on the land.1 do not believe that this line will affect the view from any spot on my property,but we often take snow machine or three wheeler trips up Permanente Road and then up King River Valley.We cherish the scenery along the way and the view from high points on the trail.The lower part of the Kings River and Chickaloon .Trail go through an area of untouched forest.This proposal may very well be feasible from an economic view point,but only if you do not consider the natural beauty ofthis area.|especially object strongly to segment S 2-31.It would intrude into an area of the moose range that is isolated by steep slopes,rivers and private land.; |think this proposal is short-sighted and disrespectful to the naturalbeautyofthisvalley.An underground gas pipeline along the Glenn Highway and more local power generating capability seems a more prudent alternative. Sincerely yours,- Herm A.Qedye .Kim A.Dodge Enclosure (+Chase Lowe AYpeabeelagai hesbopenerlsyN-SUBSTAT .MEA-O'NEILE --> es :S sw SUBSTATION2 : , =yah Nese )i a -_TATION?<3.7 Lots 3,18.19,20,21 and the N 1/2 NE 1/4 NW 1/4,SW 1/4 NE 1/4 NW 2.: *.oe >7 14,N 172 NE 4 SW 1/4 NW 1/4 of Section 7,Township 19 Noh,Range $East,Seward Meridian.containing 89.58 acres,more or less,located in the Paimet Recording District.Third Judicial District.State ofLEGENDAlaska.. emmerememarmennmemens §-ALTEAMATTVE ROUTE BEOMENTS|waroit ry ROUTE " ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY wat se eeSee Q LrATHO suestaTon COPPER VALLEY MTERTIEvaunioaPROPOSEDMEWSURSTATION:FEASIBILITY STUDY nar-?((»)®SECaaENT OESICHATNION 81.2,' J a ve eos Le OCTWEEN POmTE 1 AnD 2 STUDY ROUTE AV Doan!.20 MRLAGE SETWEEN POSTS .toe ALTERNATIVESwens3mio-=MAP.1 OF 11 MAPS-u 3 sc aae:VER ; MAY 1099 Ap.warn?send .RW BECK RECE!VEpbDOCUMENTATIONOFPUBLICCOMMENTS" ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY MAY O£1993COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY. ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits.and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided @S &con:cnience to say party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that cay comments be as specific and detailed as possibte.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Svel_D,Tones 1603 Box E¥ECG faloer Slk GOL ¢S- Z¢b6-COL77 Physica addye ss ad m Le.JOs-Clo Lae COMMENTS: Please be advised Phat Tam strongly oppes oh.+the én dor fe.(We whe |sve.nleng the Glen Hey bepend openBurenjbethWisbedeaotofcdate Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: /AS PA base g ovr Ccoworny |bo.de net have Fisling ay bring poeple +o ove pert rye Blas les Continued on Back COMMENTS:(Continued) , Wha we Aave-to athe IS A sénie View UN gue fo aN Poack_sysln in fhe faker The streth of highury fom lern aller+Stdin fs tte.post bea tht pr orc'ee icbaeese.Thos7cluglesanggutealean.bvtat PUeR Cary be.SELLLhairsisaregIsungue;TH mest be p26 7 pres Ave $SEATheve-os An 00d pentea fae Near G-loana sot birss fle.Ltpokepbttose”Why alow a while eli bangkemans7Usete!=Thope-'sno dod thet peyh we)YACorrceVaAboreekMinewJessCapewsreeenergy,Lf yepropaseh<in hectic will net lover voles.Arty LA miMiory passediefebyHeclete,"This inkelie we act mech peughprovetharthatThisMeansbondsmustbesaldeeintovoleeacl.bly will (27 otf fra-S hap f /f fin mee-th.ewtte 4)_"bu wolk have hb be Lary et teThe2lecttrhalStedn7, 4 "poy shaw etF hivk (Thiek-,before bith ng/|.PN grea Lat wt I Leskvag a-wag et even,at ea-th |'vil,brewdsl -ake He residents +ase jrgter 4r ae'energy USES , May 28,1993 : David G.VanCleve Mile 2.8 Fish Lake Rd. Chickaloon P.O.Box 366 RECEIVED Sutton,AK 99674 JUN 0 7 1995 ALASKA ENERCY AUTHORITY. Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman: These are my comments on the Copper Valley Intertie.I attended the meeting held at NOVA River Runners a few weeks back and was interested to note that those most interested in seeing the intertie go through our community were the least interested in considering any alternatives to the new construction option. However they may have protested to the contrary,it was plain to me that A.E.A.and the power companies had already made a decision in favor of new construction.It was my observation and "gut-feeling" (accurate or not)that Copper Valley,M.E.A.and A.E.A. representatives were not there to listen but to get a feeling for the kind of strategy that might be required to steamroll the community with an economic boondoggle that will severely limit our economic options. This is a young but organized community with a history of consensus style decision making.This kind of cooperation among the members of our community did not come easy but was the result of an effort to keep this sort of destruction of our lifestyle from taking place.It took three years,we are the first small community in the borough to take this step by developing a comprehensive plan.It is a well thought out and reasonable document.I would suggest that you read it and see if you can come up with some suggestions that would conform to it. The Copper Valley Intertie will destroy not only the environment of what used to be called "Paradise Valley"but also any sustainable economic enterprises that could have been based on the natural beauty of the Chickaloon area.If this intertie goes through the opportunity costs to the'state and the community will be much greater than the costs of finding an alternative to this needless capital expenditure.Chickaloon alone not only will be unable to capture tourist dollars,particularly from recreationists from the Anchorage bowl,but will not benefit for long from the construction itself.The access created by the right-of-way will open the area to further degradation by O.R.V.traffic. ;I made the suggestion previously to the A.E.A.representative, M.E.A.and the people of Copper Valley,when they -were present at the NOVA meeting,to seek a way to alter the contract Copper ValleysaystheyhavewiththeStateofAlaskatoconsumepowerfromthe 2 Solomon Gulch Dam so that they can take advantage of the power Plant constructed by Hobbs Industries.That is a power source that already exists in the Copper Valley area.It appeared to me that this idea was rejected out of hand so I make it once again for the record. The idea that it is a waste of railbelt money to promote and facilitate energy conservation is "pure baloney."I suggest that a representative from the Rocky Mountain Institute in Snowmass,CO be contacted to conduct an inventory the energy saving alternatives to the Copper Valley Intertie.The Rocky Mountain Institute is composed of respected experts in the field of energy conservation and was founded by Amory and Hunter Lovins noted authors and researchers in the field.R.M.I.also promotes community development and can facilitate consensus building activities among the interested entities which in the long-run will most benefit the entities concerned and the State of Alaska.I also suggest that we discuss and decide the best way to.implement these alternatives not only for Sutton,Chickaloon,Glacier View,and Copper Valley,but the entire railbelt area. In short I am opposed to the construction of the intertie. This project will result in a net loss not only for the people of Chickaloon but the people of the State of Alaska.It's just plain and simple an irresponsible waste of money.Spend the money on a constructive process of consensus building,energy conservation, and sustainable economic development.I respectfully submit these comments for your consideration and hope the result of this process will be acceptable and beneficial to everyone involved. Sincerely,Sec SK.Za Miye David G.Vancleve RECEIVEDDOCUMENTATIONOFPUBLICCOMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY JUN 01 1993COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY ALASKA EXERGY AUTHORITY You are invited {o comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase J at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties wha may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study,Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage.AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication ofthereports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:fTA £Ka Sharh oe J . ee )>SON oN asMailingAddress: COMMENTS: T pet OFPSED To THE sap{erii POsTecT 7HE Pores+LINE Would DIefad AFFECT AT fhnte AndKaris,IT weld fokck ME 72 PSA HL fae poo -,.Pal "-/famHawiofheviespct.woul As Oo :yt.ors we? i oo =6 so ;_.tone [Ibe YEARS pate meuliie THE SAND Lok',7 Continued on Back -.if _Pree)-Say -...emNYuES?-a ADL JOO SOe fill >Toad a hf Fy;ye Coy.7 Ge :foe ' :=-'2;v s ar ial 4 /f Ss LoS f id .Ld eis os cud Fa COMMENTS:(Continued) 17.OnSAFE TO E€tVE NAEKE FO AME OOS er 7 Burm AND LIVE FeR A LIFE rime.2 FIV IT (RAC THAT A PIWERLINE CWLD CASE IE To trode Labt Eat GHE pwle CamirAny LAS Ae IT [MPesst BLE.For ME Ya ALFORD PRE 72 ry kesuS.Zo FID THIS VERA Wie,£ qr THEE AUST BE OWE ALTERNATES 7p THIS =PRe PsA ,THANE Yov fo TAKING aE TiME 12 READ THIS. RECEIVED JUN 0 8°1993'DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS . ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY -ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY,COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase |at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding. permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman' Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report.. .¢ Name of Person Commenting:SZGON WL(i En lee Mailing Address:-fF 0 -box 4Sutton,Alaska __77G7% COMMENTS: Mn.Ermrmav; we tr ducerle th Acearna tha.elas ae poducutis.stam.please Canin thea Cormernla ,aaahiascantedMy ;pared "NCI ' Continued on Back IntertieS not deserving Mike Doogan has been trying to nickelanddimeusinmakingsuggestionstothe governor for state budget cuts.So far hehasrecommendedcutsofapproximately$80 million-$500,000 here and $50,000there.He has yet to suggest the cut thatwouldsave$175 million -the legislative appropriation for electrical interties.If anypartofthebudgethasaweakclaimonpubliefunds,the interties are it.|Most of.these funds will be used tofinanceintertietransmissionlinesandre- lated equipment between Anchorage and'Kenai,Fairbanks and Healy,Glennal-len and Sutton,and one near Ketchikan. These interties will ° supposedly increasethereliabilityofthe electrical system so that there will be fewer power out-TALKING BACK TO THE NEWSages.ed The primary question is whether elec-trical power is a deserving candidate for|public funds.Typically,government in- tervention is justified when the market isunabletosolvethep.oblem of providinggoodsorservices.Market failures occur when it is difficult to charge for goods or services provided to consumers.Police and national defense are' good examples.It would be difficult tohavepeoplevoluntarilypayfortheseservicesbecauseoncetheyareprovided they are available to all.The market fails because everyone tries to be a free rider - government should provide goods when the market can't. However,it is not possible to be a free through private capital markets,but proj- 'ects that make little economic sense find rider with electrical power.Consumers pay their bills because their power will be cut if they refuse.The market works. Legislative appropriations for interties reflect the political acumen of the powerlobby,the local power companies and theconstructioncompanieswhowouldbuildtheselines.osThecostoftheseprojectsiswhatAlas-:kan will forgo to pay for these interties. How many schools -which have a stron- ger claim on public funds -could be built for $175 million?- What:are the additional benefits that will be generated as a result of these lines -increased reliability for electrical con-: sumers?When was the last major poweroutagethatoccurredasaresultofafailure funding to be much more problematic. The electrical power interests find it iseasiertolobbyfor''free'''money in Ju-neau,rather than ask their customers:topayforprojectsofdubiousvaluethroughtheirelectricbills. Please Mike,get to the main course. Suggest that the governor sort out the strong projects from the strong lobbyists:where there is real money invoived.The $175 million could be spent in other ways, and provide far more benefits to thecitizensofAlaska. The powers that be need to figure outwheregovernmentisefficientandeffec-tive,and where it is not.Taxpayers andschoolchildrenshouldnotbeputinthe_Position of subsidizing electrical consumersjwithillusorybenefits. +O PJ.Hill is an economist at the University of ¢ ainthealreadyieeing Most power outages in Anchorage occur asaresultoffailuresinthelocaldistributionsystems,not in the interties.The bigfailureslastwinterwouldstillhaveoc-curred if the proposed,$175 million projects had been in place. The state is proposing to spend $350 foreveryman,woman and child in the state.on interties.A family of four would beijbetteroffspending$1,000 on a portableelectricalgenerator(they'd have $400 re-;maining),-than having the state fund theinterties.Generators would protect con-sumers against the failures in the localdistributionsystems,something interties fail to do.. . .These intertie projects are not deservingofpublicfunds.If these projects madeeconomicsensetheycouldbefunded hy byAlaskaA public finance. and t #course on BECEIVED os oe JUN 10 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY:AUTHORITYALASKAENERGYAUTHORTY.©COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 atwhichcommentsmaybevoiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second halfof 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is providedasaconveniencetoanypartywishingtocomment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in orderforyourcommentstobeconsidered,We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Donotfeellimitedbythespaceprovided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study.© Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0849 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase 1 report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Shirley A SwansonNameofPersonCommenting: 2685 B Newbury CircleMailingAddress: Burlington,Iowa 52601 PH:319/752-8072 COMMENTS:JUNE 6,1993DearSir: Knowledge of the Copper Valley Intertie Project has reached me throu; ;ich son &family (Mark/Becky &Amos Swanson)who live near Sutton,Ak.Their 10 acres ofpropertyjoinsthecurrentpowerlineareaandthenewproposalwouldputthemat(possible/probable)risk to continue to live there. Mark &Becky Swanson (age 32)are IOWA people who were lured to Alaska in1985by"THE LAST FRONTIER"calling them to a life style they wanted and pre-ferred.They are truly pioneers fulfilling a wish that began only in the day-dream mind of a grade school student thinking "wouldn't it be great to live intheNorthCountry--Alaska"!.Continued on Back ;Upon graduation from the Univ.of Minnesota in horticulture they flew to Alaskawithhighhopesofadventureandhardwork.Like all pioneers of the frontier they didhave adventure,hard work,disappointment &set backs.-In 1987 they chose COMMENTS:(Continued) 10 acres of wilderness/frontier land;bought it and started planning for their' ! future home.They were so proud &of course the envy of many who for one reason._. ret er another ,didn't or wouldn't or couldn't do such a thing.The bottom line "**"*.:. being "the Alaska Frontier"made it possible. They did clear the land and build a house,just |the two of them doing all the workbyhand,taking 1%years to complete. Moving day was Nov.8,1988 and I (proud MOM)was there when the stove pipe on the cookstove was hooked up and we spent the first night in their home.They chose the 10 acre homesite near Sutton knowing that Mark had to drive to Anchorage everyday to work at UAA and Becky drove to Palmer for work at the Alaska StateFairgroundswheresheplans,designs and heads up the beautiful flowers &vegetablesyouseeattheAlaskaStateFaireachyear.Becky even created and designed theScarecrowFamily(Bernie/Millie &children)you've seen at the fair. Their home near Sutton is truly a picture perfect setting anda Like a pageoutofaBetterHomes”&Garden magazines”They built 'this home "by themselves;-building a road from the highway and designing the home of epproximately 600 sg ft.'They cook and heat with the wood cookstove and light the kerosene lamps;clear themanyfeetofsnowandwalkthelongtrailtotheirhouseinthewoodsbecausethey chose to do this in "the last frontier".In April of 1992 a baby boy was born and they began plans for adding a 'baby room'to their already two-room house (this room now almost completed).They spin wool into thread and make their sweaters; grow their own spice/herb garden for cooking and making a diaper rash salve.They split wood with an axe and bake bread on the wood stove.They are living the mottoofALASKA----THE LAST FRONTIER !!in everyday life.. Of course -I'm prejudice ! This is a proud Mom/Grandma seeing the good life being lived and workedthroughtheopportunityofthefrontier.What a lucky little one-year-old boy,Amos Swanson,has to gain from the good life on the frontier. This home cannot be moved from their property and the challenge of a dream -Come true would be only a memory if they cannot live in the home they built from scratch.They would survive but "the last frontier"motto of Alaska would be abrokendreamthatcannotbereplacedforthem. I have visited them in their home and of course kiow all the pride they have in their home &family.I challenge one of your staff to visit their home} To see the home and the beautiful flower garden 'and to walk the trail and see the view., I urge you to reflect on the lifestyle and family of Mark &Becky Swanson and baby boy,Amos,as well as others effected by this proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project.Please consider the cost and risk of such a project on "the Last Frontier". The many friends and relatives living in Iowa are proud of their young people who want to live the good life today and we want ample opportunity for this to keeponhappening.We are proud to tell people "THE LAST FRONTIER"is still here.Most people just like to visit such ---but few want to live it. --------a letter from MOM, on behalf of MARK and BECKY SWANSON and l-yr-old Amos Mark (Becky .$SwansonSincerely,'palmer,AK 99645byteGhLecectteyPH!907/745-1620 RECEIVED wayde Clark JUN.14 1993 F.0O.Box Fit Sutton,AK 9674 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY June 3,1993 Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority F.G.Box 190869Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emermans: I am writing you in regards to the Copper Valley Intertie. I live on my homestead located just off the Glenn highway and right next to the Fermenete Road.I am gravely concerned about the proposed locations for the intertie,as well as the trueneedforevenhavingit. First I question the areas where this huge monstrosity would be. etrung.We all live out here for the beauty and solitude of Chickaloon.This intertie would visually pollute our view of the beautiful valley and river below.I would live in Anchorage if I wanted to stare at towers and power lines. Next is the safety factor.Studies have shown that those people living in the shadow of high voltage power lines have a higher incidence of leukemia in young children.That is just the tip of the iceberg.What bothers me is what we don't know about the affects.It*s hard for city dwellers to believe,but,yes, there are actually people that live and work out here year-round.Then there are all the other residents.I?m talking about the multitude of wild creatures that also call the mountains and rivers their home.The contruction of the intertie will disrupt their delicate habitats and sentence them te live underneath high voltage electricitythe rest of their short lives.Who will speak for them?We will. Last,J am not convinced that this project is truly nmecessary. The current pro development climate in this state makes me think this intertie dees nmething mere than provide jobs to keep the state machine churning.Ie there a true need?If so,I would appreciate some information on where I might find the statistics that supeoert the claim that Glennallen and Delta are cd +etarved for fower. Tt doesn't take a genius to figure out why,wherever there are high voltage power lines erected near residential communities, Property values plummet.It's ugly and unhealthy.This drop in value has happened across the ccuntry over and over wherever these lines have been put up. I would greatly appreciate any further information you may have on the subject. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Wayne Clark 7 he bee Uppiseg?a -Chotaloen Mirewe Cee RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS JUN 24 1993ALASKAENERGYAUTHORITYCOPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDYALASKAENERGYAUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibitity study will follow in the second helf of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of al!parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are sevea maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 teport. Name of Person Commenting:Ken Key ial - Mailing Address:60x |a o ba (3Anckeve$e AK 99 S(7-0ofL3 | LARD CWORER-CHICKALOOP © COMMENTS:DT STROWELY OPPOSE s/NTETIE RECALSE &DF wal wreck He pristine nature o6§he "BAckYARD,"D Makes AO CLohomwm Sense.| 3)(uw Ab Gorce oYlecs i.subs fize CVE | | am stow QE, Mm 6Y Continued on Back RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS 8 1993ALASKAENERGYAUTHORITYJUN2 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY ayaska ENERGY AUTHORITY, You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2report. Name of Person Commenting:WL.tthe LL.EVANS Mailing Address:Heo1 20x _G320S5_ FALMER Al G4 6YS . ;tike aw h¥GcAle Soutien +7,éSeeielccdCootJeirtuse)wrsced to Bone4GagLivepalertoClevvalln,AT Yie END of The GAS ;Live pir Ye GleuwArien aren bckbh a TY Powered OWE PLANT LhBELUGAHiar.Q This due nGlenwaccen would bemfid &wags,a MoteRelilleEleTRid_Source pis Mirraty ini sowree.MAI x0 Yee-|ee a Phca an :Pnirgg myPeeslesGCommunckarBelnromnYleeTwopai,oe:%wom Ld benifitfromYenealing.Sort.(Thaw wot yA dug Lewmfaf [rv Continued on Back Wee tye acre ics Where wkd @The moriese wold be apmadoutfomoreEreHypie.ch Copthaeclprr nelson,ot frinr for srergherk. COMMENTS:(Continued)-en of,|. Ly©"The powtr plant,world trek.oe r ' ¢*Sirtin for Wig ce ob aren,ukarre turd Ye ertink b_az)done ,tts DONE,@ When the Gas Ling ss BucktfromYeeMoRTYscopeToVALDEZYuenaGareNect,;Gas GRip will be sstuvbeled @ The Claw Hey, -Cokel be brought vp Yo Fed Stunhards uiVy (rakchead,Feed,mimics (THas Cruatir more ort)Simul feaonrhy )unth Uco Gus hire Conthucebre ,wilt,Vlie Gus Aree UdeeieyHeHewewlyuipreved)Real eb (emel chaning Somedf Bath umf) The IMTERTIE denn Lhe ce buses Rig where Vhs GasAivéwroterarealongHeronBimififorYr.wheels arse-from Plier "ts beppasn Reen Velbg,The Goer worLefbrenere-Bcf Yeere is sti//prere morte,un Pte Rac'f Meh-1 t2 . , *Ly .-_4 .Pri fant Ye cement ar eattyRequcudsYoHeeEXISTIN&op tt os .fer hee Felei'e prropeaad)Router -"Bitmap meen Ye Ye Back Com Bic,route (LE,Boley Crack Thuuk y 2¢, i CO tall ben June 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS RECEIVEDALASKAENERGYAUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY JUL 0 7 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibility study,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority _P.O.Box 190869Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 .Name of Person Commenting:'>ianne,Mili ce Mailing Address:P.O.Boy Qs Bitten Ak More COMMENTS:"Phoase Do NOT do dhis |OD My vagbbas le in the range of the-EMF amd theyore.gry 4g have te move back te Michigan .GD To ficheol is he clrae fee comefirt: \Lies on God's mowntarns(BY The UGLINESS of moms pre®S)Ire Star this valledf Thor LT meved here fer )(AI Permanently©VALI STd hearerauger (7!Vdectic bill He reblect Your«den worst aSES enetoe+o wnduc®industry ren Grpec ValleyThis's Sup sed +o be He lest frontier -men iN suitséboodoitareabateAmringbtmoney-Aare "ng-tWis withak?ithe peaples Swepoyt |hay trot we Coal)te @ The leigh Voltage wireg till be an ENDLESSMAINTENANCECost,We have his windsandheauyAmowsthalcause.intense deaf vaTheywewldalsobetagesfvvoudobisn,NOT Just BY caps HME.Pople haveMoveshereFoToveyenson:ba bus inasses(BDA mere Ase us ©We\wher 7AT(S LBAD}]Pusuc ReLATeVSs alley OreWe29,000 wages tp te Met Vi {oeaastedteEMECPedhe2,600 naus wr|laprer Valley.70 million dollas 1s 26 923.07perpersan«ARE Yeu ALL.CRa2Y?That watbelike\nfroducing Qa priect Jan the.Med Valley ob ACot&1G3 Million dollars.Where is He oerwlit ?oye WNEB Ge ALTERNATIVES|oe coe(CY Teen high pwr bias onc ,pttlacs a oor ots Hales(2,| 'ral S hawtchip an Fer Wmemploye@a 2 : 'acntenn e*atalinoA -, |_«BEGEIVED © 3126 Tamworth Circle !. oe Anchorage,AK 99504-3733 ;:.JUL 0 7 1993 _ 9-/-72 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY. Mr.&Mre,Kenneth Rl.Cobb Vig Life Ty lurch TointrallaEKSue6ClherrhlTaLd, Feu oth 2.Lat ES acd Cra efpuaeSLLeseCaedalZor/Th pune DT gaat.(cho Th,oa,fon|aes 3 yen On)st Sagan K hyok.duct thew Orig;ye cust for,GTeer Leclaat Mera er sas Amal Lt,dud!Oak)of Pein Oornaanel WeelietutLauttheadyyoorhalastayll _oucticnen ales: Dy howe ood late."Smoth Gale by bil, =a seal teste weitpuch bod aflocshKosy_a Fees Fore Vhs Ea FisSacge.B Uttar ts Wyse Miter|ee ere abteethotpuneDorasServes=Conall?9p Sun,Ths to OOHof CytonaeWovc.,routes +Saher %an all Yh uray Th Be Ve!of Beirea aYnPapo1ailtbeWorkLeAgPass2Shethbe2Pear Dhasuelaine!(ot Yo mortinn,All Ths 5.gps o.tw by ho thwSE9Wesl,thn. "es oCng June 1993 RECEIVED_DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTSALASKAENERGYAUTHORITY JUL 1 2 1993COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibility study,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Name of Person Commenting:"Ro clove ca.Le 2 na)oneNy Mailing Address:x Or ALY Sut,Ak 99474 xf ei wuppubd char 0,Ter unpiiferr\Ieee June 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS BECEIVED ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY .1993COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDYJUL12 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibility study,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Name of Person Commenting:BEES Le ame Les )7 eh Mailing Address:ine Q3 B ML K BAD: |RalmerAk G9bUe COMMENTS: "Lam AGAINST this intertie,for the Lollowine, FeASONS..;}.Health risks fo ay family. A.Impact on my tourism OUusines. 3.Disturb wildlife thunting Greas.Y Health risks fo willife-Dim sure theré's @n ol Fernati ve forCopperValley's eleatrre problers.PeettheyShouldhaveCheaperpower,but ro at our expense. Xan Sap pancn June 1993 RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY JUL 19 1993COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY. You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibility study,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Name of Person Commenting:Aon,uDy wcalnyp Mailing Address:#OD 17 Altern Ak WOT COMMENTS: The.witty DlrpeX Wa UUs _ependus Cropeck Nrok woud ehleck Ur wudlde Ong Hi dnd Valen Crhound tho uctate Prec Ane Decpek!ve Ara tite forr Ouhweted the poste Leaulirs Wn tho eran,ple.NSU USES Us &WOT ol,bumda Ain teSnohhCOMmuTH,A,CGlennglLen. June 1993 RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY JUL 19 1993 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY _ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If 'you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibility study,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 'mee,Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: |,ZG Khel)LZDuMraweAK 2 967% COMMENTS: Sune 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS BECEIVED ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY =JL.2 ©1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibility study,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman AJaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 a WA €'if VaNameofPersonCommenting:ew QA \vill Mailing Address:(2 Sel <9 Hus 'Road,F2_|Auckereye,Klos haT78 J]S- COMMENTS: b,Shuayierd SE, En PO o Fn OEPe COHN,Gtk S-8-493 RECEIVED AUG 1°1993 . ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY RPecr MAF Emenrnmnon . Chin ta,.oO e Po -[MM aAt:orn &.Gs,en OLAPCn-Anny ; . tna,oss FEO Hy LOH YOURTLA."4 .Later Gn.'iowcenCLAYUyCoenClinChatCarter . SP eetiove,CE Uso uid 'Leo '”e2srhe ; :Op a we oth °10 be.Ota tany .=Cetin on tran crakwoWid Pe (OneTewittsoonet90<Cua Chit,, . .=e lvere,eLe,PO wes oo =)-_ -pVe)po aa - CA Pare,PT ye aa -u |=a)one Lenny Wo wid ©ba AlonzoCkOe,Tha Uitte ynan cyyobockyace.C7 os .oC Wsttid,Le Ww @ :chee &o rem Ce COD Ww <O-dont+lorwyP?HLiw -ce 44ceerdt«Sed wore,Oo,oH=oN eaMand.a +o"CORR Ung ec dine EA, COULD Ror MoaAzAbw rrere pr ON OK,| Pl asst wm tea 1Ony &rm™m bt ado hey lu CELLO We Aas woy y ow Crys Onnnantk - bon Ate =e CO wd 62,AOwa weet paw C4 ern ene. La,CO ChEOR,OG Pt2ou pron a vu Ceo ,omy AIA.£&OW wy Lo ;.co Cont, +err es CS ve.womceL this COMA,= "er_2don't an re &Q Arttery o+wash "ueperaL place $-Or KR ORD CF pow aogtsovs -<&Wa CK NOt PON Cle rah cha wag cum. Comune Ker lino!ah 2561 Lovejoy Drive Anchorage,Ak 99508 August 30,1993 Dick Emerman Alaska Energy Authority *P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman: Brent Petrie asked me to send you my suggestions on the routing of the Glennallen intertie even though it is a bit late in your process.I know part of the area quite well.I am the author of 55 Ways to The Wildermess,a popular southcentral hiking guide.Two of the trails in the book are part of the intertie route alternatives.I have walked both of these areas several times.We also have had a cabin in the Dan Creek drainage for 25 years. I urge that the justification for running this line be really strong before it is built.This stretch of Glenn Highway and the mountains on either side are some of the most magnificent in the State,both for the highway traveler and the backcountry recreationist.These uses will become increasingly important and valuable over time.All possible power source alternatives should be exhausted before building a powerline through this area.If this loan were applied to some other source,would it become feasible?I'm sure legislators would be willing to consider reappropriating the funds if the study were to find alternatives. Though not building this line is my recommended alternative,I do have suggestions for the least harmful routing for part of the line.I am enclosing a set of maps with my route suggestions. The part of the route that I know well is from Chickaloon to Eureka or Pass Creek. The main criteria for route siting should be to have as little impact as possible on existing uses. That means siting it away from the magnificent views afforded by the Glenn Highway,away from existing homes,and away from pristine or relatively pristine recreation areas. In general I would favor routing the line along the Glenn Highway corridor where it can be routed away from homes and where it will not detract from the magnificent views that highway affords. I have not looked at whether this is feasible or not because I do not have the information on where the homes are.If it is necessary to route it away from the Glenn Highway,I have the following suggestions for the area that I know.The overview of my recommendation is to go up Boulder Creek to just beyond the Simpson Cabin,go along the bench in front of Anthracite Ridge,using the alternate routing back against the ridge,then go up Hicks Creeks to Caribou Creek,and along Caribou Creek to Squaw Creek. 'A more specific description and explanation is as follows:starting from the east end of route segment S 3-4,I urge the alternate S 4-5.Do not go up Boulder Creek or over Chitna Pass. This is a beautiful,relatively pristine area-particularly the pass.Brent had the impression that Boulder Creek had been torn up but that is not the case.There is an ORV trail that goes up the river but it is not overly intrusive.The pass is beautiful and has only a horse trail over it.A powerline would change the character completely-in my mind,it would destroy the area as awildernesshike. Routing the powerline in front of Anthracite Ridge is the lesser of several evils.The alternate route there is set back against the ridge and thus would be less obtrusive,since the main view from the broad bench is of the Chugach to the south.Please do not use the main S 4-5.The trail in our book follows the Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina trail along that bench in front of Anthracite Ridge.The view from that trail of the Chugach is one of the most magnificent I have seen.A powerline in the foreground would destroy it.A powerline set back against the ridge would be preferable. From the east end of S 5-6,please follow §6-8 up Hicks Creeks.This valley is indeed badly scarred by years of ORV use over marshy ground.A powerline ought to be sited where there is already some development rather than in pristine areas.Hicks Creek is not pristine.On the other hand,Dan Creek is pristine-a lovely relatively untouched valley. From Caribou Creek and S 7-8 I do not have a strong preference.Alfred Creek is shorter and already heavily impacted by mining.On the other hand it is a narrow canyon in many places and would be hard to make unobtrusive.For that reason Squaw Creek is probably preferable even though it means bringing the line around the west end of Syncline Mountain where I do not think there is much development at present.I would urge that landscape architects look at how to site the line in Squaw Creek to make it as unobtrusive as possible from the Squaw Creek road which is receiving increasing recreational use as well as hunting use. I hope that these suggestions will be useful to you and that you can send them on to join the others if you have already passed the main group of comments on.I would like to know what your final recommendations are. Mz.|Q MicwhorgrHelenD.Nienhueser ce Brent Petrie teeee,rj N) £PShaeHISAR Som S77AFESEeSinoae fi = SH y VE Av: MAP INDEX [ZL LEGEND ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS ROUTE MOCIFICATIONS POSSIOLE EXISTING SUBSTATION PROPOSED NEW SUBSTATION SEGMENT DESIGNATION 81-2, te SETWEEN POMTS $1 ANO 2 MILEAGE BETWEEN POMTS med ° SCALE:£03,300 te ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY STUDY ROUTE ALTERNATIVES MAP-5 OF 11 MAPS JUNE 1093 RWEBECK . Co MU,,'eS yCIOS og INS=i RTEWYfiStSSUCwar-9 (1 7 wAP-10 MaP-11 uap-7| LEGEND ALTERNATIVE Ai a : t ATIONS POSSIBLE EXISTING SUBSTATION PROPOSED NEW SUBSTATION SEGMENT DESIGNATION £62, te.BETWEEN POMTS 1 ANO 2 MREAGE BETWEEN POTS mio ALASKA ENERGY AU = .COPPER VALLEY ItNTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY STUDY ROUTE ee ALTERNATIVES MAP-4 OF 11 MAPS BCALE:%63,960 JUNE 1003 bRWBECKANDASSOCIATES \\STANee es 1 EI 5 4 Ray:TTSTENPYMAP INDEX |CC wes waP-11) __/]waP-10 }been 4 war-7| war-s8 LEGEND ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SEGMENTS AOUTE MODIFICATIONS POSSIBLE EXISTING SUBSTATION PROPOSED NEW SUBSTATION GEGMENT DESIGNATION 91-2, te.GETWEEN POINTS @ AND 2 MREAGE GETWEEK POMTS me . ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY STUDY ROUTE ALTERNATIVES MAP-3 OF 11 MAPS JUNE 1903 RW.BECK AND ASSOCIATES CaNa.)sante Lake?) SE a,iPSASSiS)ane"LOSTROUTE MODIFICATIONS POSSIOLE EXISTING SUBSTATION PROPOSED NEW SUBSTATION SEGMENT DESIGNATION 61-2, de.BETWEEN POWTS 1 AND 2 MILEAGE BETWEEN POWTS ' ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY STUDY ROUTE ALTERNATIVES MAP-2 OF 11 MAPS JUNE 1993 RW.BECK AND ASSOCIATES 725 Christensen Drive,Suite 4 Anchorage,Alaska 99501 (907)276-4244 Fax (907)276-7110 100°s Recycled BondOe A Non-Profit,Public Interest,Environmental Law Firm| : September 7,1993 John Heberling OCT 12 4993 P , R.W.Beck &Assoc. 2101 4th Ave.,Suite 600 Seattle,WA 98121-2375 | VIA FACSIMILE:(206)441-4964 R.W.BECK &ASSOCIATES SEATTLE,WA Re:Sutton-Glenallen Intertie,Economic Feasibility Study Dear Mr.Heberling, On behalf of the Alaska Center for the Environment (ACE)and Trustees for Alaska,I am writing to express concerns about the proposed electrical transmission intertie between Sutton andGlenallen.Both ACE and Trustees have members who live in,use and enjoy the region which would be adversely impacted by a Sutton-Glenallen intertie.For a multitude of reasons,constructing an intertie in this region makes no economic sense. As an initial matter,the scope of an economic feasibilitystudyofanintertiemustincludeastudyofthereasonablealternativesourcesofpoweravailabletotheCopperRiverregion.The alternatives which should be studied include,at a minimun: *conservation.measures; *geothermal projects;*increased.efficiency diesel generators using the latesttechnologyconcerningatomizers; *hydroelectric projects; *a coal-fired power plant. We do not suggest that these alternatives are necessarilypreferable,from an economic or other perspective,to an intertie.A feasibility study which does not at least consider them,however,would not be helpful and would most certainly be flawed.See AS 44.83.1181. There are also many other factors which must be considered anddiscussedinaneconomicfeasibilitystudyforanintertieproject,including weighing the costs and benefits of an intertie anddeterminingthepotentialeffectoftheintertieontheenvironment.AS 44.83.181.Some of the factors which should be studied include,but are not limited to,the following: *impact on tourism due to the effect on the viewshed;*impact on the economy of people who live along”the intertiecorridor; *impact on the lifestyles/quality of life of the people wholivealongtheintertiecorridor; *likely increase in hunting effort due to increased accessandhowthismayimpactthealreadylimitedwildliferesourcesofthearea; *impact on other recreational uses of the region; *impact on the health of the people in the region due to electro-magnetic radiation; *impact on area due to increased access from roads associated with the project; *impacts on adjacent BLM land; *impact on wetlands inthe region;*impacts on moose populations in the Matanuska Valley mooserange; *impacts on fish species due to erosion from construction and maintenance activities and increased fishing effort due to increased access; *'impacts'on the Copper Valley migratory bird fly-way, including impacts on trumpeter swans,peregrine falcons and bald and golden eagles. We urge you to take this opportunity to prepare a fair and detailed analysis of the economic feasibility of the proposedintertie;one which takes into account all the potential impacts of the intertie and the significant concerns of the people in the region,and in Alaska,to an intertie in this area.. If you have any questions,please do not hesitate to call. Sine Peter Van Tuyn cc:Alaska Public Utilities Commission Bureau of Land Management U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Department of Fish and Game Alaska Department of Natural Rescurces |aa OCT 12 4993 RW.BECK &ASSOCIATESSEATTLE,wa October 6,1993XY.f Chris Rose Co-Chair ACRED General Delivery Sutton,Alaska 99674 Mr.Richard Emerman Project Manager Sutton-Glenallen Intertie P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,Alaska 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman: During this past spring and summer many residents along the Glenn Highway expressed their opposition to the proposed Sutton- Glenallen intertie by attending meetings and writing comments to the the now defunct Alaska Energy Authority.However,most ofthosesameresidentsfeelliketheirconcernshavebeendownplayed, especially by the utility interests in the Copper Valley (CVEA)who have been working so hard behind the scenes to get the project approved with as little public participation as possible.In response to the situation,Alaska citizens opposed to the intertie have recently formed a citizen's group named Alaska Consumers for Responsible Energy Development (ACRED).This letter's purpose is to outline the reasons ACRED is opposed to the intertie and to notice all partiesinvolvedthatACREDispreparedto: 1)lobby against the feasibility and viability of the project; 2)oppose the necessary permitting of the project and; 3)enlist legal assistance to fight the project. Before going into the specific problems ACRED has with the substance of the project,we would first like to point out the problems we see in the process thus far. First,we believe that the legislature's appropriation of money for.this project last spring (subject to an approved feasibility study) violates the intent of Alaska Statutes 44.83.177-187 which clearly contemplate an approved feasibility and a plan of finance before the project is submitted to the legislature.The intent of such a process is obvious:If a project has not yet been deemed feasible,no state monies should be thrown at it. Second,we believe the public comment four years ago in the reconnaissance study phase of the project is inadequate to address the intertie.contemplated today.The project contemplated in the 1989 "Railbelt Intertie Reconnaissance Study:Northeast Transmission Intertie Project"was of a different scope than the current project. More importantly,comment from four years ago is too removed intimetobemeaningful.The general proposal outlined in the late 1980's was nowhere near as immediate to concerned citizens.then as is the newly re-vamped project which surfaced so rapidly last spring. Third,comment taken since last spring has been inadequate.Meetings were always characterized by Energy Authority staff as "informational”.The meetings were held in the summer,the most difficult time for concerned residents to take time out to investigate the project.And finally,no official public testimony was taken. Fourth,comment on the forthcoming economic feasibility study also appears destined for inadequacy.The initial plan was to have a draft feasibility study completed by mid summer.Residents were Jed to believe they would have the opportunity to comment on the draft.However,it was then announced that instead of a draft study coming out in July and a final draft being ready near the end of the year,residents were informed there would be no summer draft and a final study would come out in the fall. Finally,the:Energy Authority never solicited public comment from residents of Palmer,Wasilla,or Anchorage.There are people in all those communities who use the area along the proposed route of the intertie and would like to comment on the proposal.The end result of all of the above deficiencies in the comment process has been still less public participation.One of ACRED's missions now is to get the word out about the intertie to people in all affected communities. Now we would like to briefly outline the reasons for ACRED's opposition to the intertie. I Alternatives To The Intertie Have Not Been Fully Explored First,we are not convinced that: 1)a trueneed has been shown for a different source of powerintheCopperValleyand2)whether the goal of lowering or stabilizing electric rates in the Copper Valley justifies the economic and social costs anintertiewouldbringalongwithit. However,if Copper Valley does need more power,we believe that alternatives to the intertie do exist.These alternatives include: 1)The hydroelectric potential of the Copper Valley region which has not been been adequately explored;* 2).Higher efficiency diesel generators that use atomizers to increase efficiency and reduce emissions; 3)A co-generating coal fired plant in the Glennallen area* and;; 4)Conservation measures in tandem with any of the above.* *the Reconnaissance Study ordered by the Alaska legislature in Julyof1987askedfor: A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF RAILBELT ENERGY POWER ALTERNATIVES INCLUDING COAL-BASED GENERATION,NATURAL GAS-BASED GENERATION, CONSERVATION,THE DEVIL CANYON HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT,AND OTHER HYDROELECTRIC ALTERNATIVES. Excerpt from capital budget passed during special session,July 1987 (emphasis added). The bottom line is that the intertie has too many social and economic costs to justify it as the alternative to meet any increased needs CVEA may have. Il The Intertie will Adversely Affect Our Ouality Of Life Residents along the proposed route from Sutton to Sheep Mountain are near unanimous in their opposition to the intertie.At stake for many is a quality of life that people have sought out and found in the Matanuska Valley.Adverse affects the intertie will produce for our quality of life include: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Unsightly transmission lines in one of the most beautiful populated valleys in the state of Alaska.These have the potential for adversely affecting a tourist-based economy that many people along the route now depend upon. Invasion and opening-up of wild places.Construction and maintenance of the intertie will bring with it noise,access roads,and people.All this activity will damage the essence of the wilderness along the front range of the Talkeetna Mountains. The access roads mentioned above will also provide increased hunting access to the backcountry which will increase the competition for game resources that are already becoming scarcer. Construction of the intertie will damage and alter the historical trail system that has been in place since the beginning of this century. Construction of the intertie will damage Native American cultural resources along the route. Construction of the intertie will essentially ruin the aesthetic character of several high-use recreation areas, including Boulder Creek and Chitina Pass. For all of the above reasons,we feel that any marginal - economic benefits to the citizens of the Copper Valley from the intertie that may exist are heavily outweighed by the social costs to the residents along the intertie's route. III The JIntertie Will Have Adverse Environmental Affects Finally,ACRED is concerned about several environmental issues that are raised by the proposed construction of the intertie. These include: 1)Concerns about impacts to peregrine falcons along the proposed route.The falcons are protected by the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). 2)|Concerns regarding impacts on nesting bald and golden eagles along the proposed route.The Bald Eagle Protection Act prohibits the taking of eagle tree nests.Furthermore,Anthony and_Issacs,in a 1989 publication for the Journal of Wildlife Management,recommend that human activities be restricted within 800 meters of nest sites during the breeding season, which,in Southcentral Alaska,extends from April 1 to August 31. 4)Impact on migratory birds in the Copper Valley flyway that may collide with the powerlines,especially the threatened trumpeter swan,also protected by the ESA. 5).Adverse environmental impacts on Bureau of Land Management (BLM)land the proposed route would cross. These impacts will need to be addressed in an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)as required by the National 'Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). 6)Impacts to moose populations in the Matanuska Valley 'Moose Range.We are especially concerned about the impact of new service and access roads that will increase hunting access for metropolitan hunters. 7)|Impacts to other species of wildlife from the above mentioned access roads.| 8)Impacts to stream fish populations affected by erosion of soils resulting from the construction of the intertie and its associated access and maintenance roads. 9)Impacts of increased noise levels on wildlife as well as humans.This noise level will increase both as a result of construction and maintenance of the intertie ,as well as increased use of the affected areas via the access and maintenance roads. 10)Impacts to freshwater streams caused by work in,or crossing of,streams during construction and maintenance of the intertie. 11)Impacts on significant areas of wetlands the intertie would cross. 12)Impacts on humans and wildlife from electro-magnetic fields (EMF's).These EMF's are highly suspected of causing cancer. This letter does not contain an exhaustive list of our concerns. We are in the process of investigating other possible impacts the powerline may have,as well as arranging to obtain an independent economic analysis of the viability and feasibility of the intertie. However,we hope that this letter will help all the parties involved understand how serious our concerns are.We also hope it helps those involved understand how determined we are to see that those concerns are met.Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions or comments.Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, Chris Rose Co-Chair ACRED R.W.Beck and Associates Trustees for Alaska Alaska Center for the Environment Alaska Public Utility Commission U.S.BLM,Regional Office U.S.Dept.of Fish and Wildlife,Regional Office Alaska Dept.of Fish and Game Alaska Dept.of Natural Resources Alaska Dept.of Community and:Regional Affairs Board of Directors,MEA Board of Directors,CVEA Alaska Public Interest Research Group Chickaloon Village Traditional Council Matanuska Susitna Convention and Visitors Bureau Anchorage Convention and Visitors Bureau Alaska Office of History and Archeology Alaska Division of Tourism Matanuska -Susitna Borough Assembly Alaska Visitors Association Dear Commissioner.Blatchford:Dear Commissioner Blatchford: I am opposedto the construction of theIamopposedtotheconstructionoftheSuttontoGlenallenintertie-because:Sutton to Glenallen intertie because:Geaneralizatood..»Commurirty Tingaet,My reighbers will move to MichaENviKoNmenstImpactbecouseotHeEMEonchoirfName:JEssC”[KEMAINE :Name:io MiLIC Address:Box (S42 Address:yx 28 Dear Commissioner Blatchford:Dear Commissioner Blatchford:. I am opposed to the construction of the I am opposed to the construction of theSuttontoGlenallenintertiebecause:S/be Sutton to Glenallen intertie-because:lobeettatootfor)SOF |rie,Wea Counting,on "towrigmtoCotmilionZGAkan'S000 "ey ws /Oulyp spotty TMQ +e Valle\Be our Income.Name:SD TEP Name:Dianne aeAddress:Address:Bac AFChoisyLangleyFlorett,Sutton AR gayapootsty,Anchorase ,RE.GISVO Dear Commissioner Blatchford:Dear Commissioner Blatchford: I am opposed to the construction of the .I am opposed to the construction of theSuttontoGlenallenintertie-because:Sutton to Glenallen intertie -because:Bucp f fro fant /W 6c Faw NeinName:NW ole.D -en/son Name:Yoram Abate Ube Aidit:PO.(Box.277 Address:£0.Boy 1200 Chickaloon OK FH7%Su 770"AK Herd Dear Commissioner Blatchford:Dear Commissioner Blatchford: I am opposed to the construction of the I am 'opposed to the construction of theSuttontoGlenallenaDERSuttontoflenaten,invinvert because:1-<(we D/ipec bndEe The L an ro GratedPRofogeddpectoe fnte"a mMName:eistophee Eric Rhea Name;beri A wasa rulfaryAddress:|"Address:I);called ait?Heos Bo%8374-8 peat Palmer AR 776457 Tor lee mcle Post GS Glew hwy foox 2771 Vicleey Rowmd | PALMER 9964S Dear Commissioner Blatchford: I am opposed to the construction of the Sutton to Glenallen intertie because: State CannotintentTeAHnotes VES AOU & Address:2,344Topstra,AV H, Dear Commissioner Blatchford: I am opposed to the construction of the Sutton to Glenallen intertie because: They cancamer give perrep Sut,TO The MaT-SuValleg-1 Pt The.Clickaloon ate -Powe{$Con ty Our ar rhe shohectuateSeroneLeiontforan”24 inter Ke storm A wind,Coo,Seruned iy My aed.ee CodLOLOX223WW7LN,QUacka496 TY Apes '.- eee i a A, . i WyDear ,Commissioner Blatchford: I am opposed to the construction of the Sutton to Glenallen intertie -because: OS the negetive wpa ct ow the SaeuriabeavtyOFteeMatrerwhevalley, Box 173 sutton AK THE 7K Address: Dear Commissioner Blatchford:- I am opposed to the construction of the Sutton to Glenallen intertie-because:1)Cost:binei+ratio NeoptivePreferedeconomic.ond eavirormnte|alerantivesy)Meyative CHeot,Imy-krm Avo Short Hem ontise.Miche tle Schuman,Ew.Seicnist Address: PO Box 242 Sutov,AK 99674 Dear Commissioner Blatchford: I am opposed to the construction of theSuttontoGlenallenintertie-because:Dis a waste of Alaskans most dobald8pogaeVAN,That cost fais mech.A Qaily C009,Diels bahauc packCoppAaCavingUhhbyhasssCoyle.teed ty undal (iblastoceg2naethees:boleh,Le.o¥Chickabow jhaare hoot ./4A cool Lint$e fees would)Praaide sobs rf Se vega |Rurndl prnd's Whres Debi leMBICIORKpene DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS .ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY _COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibi.ity study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority -P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of 'the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2ifreport. Name of Person Commenting:Chg bn foes4iMailingAddress:£2.Box ZZi LZ.. (WecLittad,,Heth TIETon(197,SZ: COMMENTS:ma Lal pesbives ju foe (7 Yekls lo Ale™ACAI te,fobseo AW TERT IE Cgéer tad,ra A sae Feat #Jester Bexle LeserayAches(Perf out le.Led Lic uo,Continued on Back MECATAWUE frees ecrcty thy 4 far 4 see LISTS .| wa Wfes A Haag fot DLL OF.force FolYEAAloCékeTAg)Oho TaWleTZts OF [KES fees aol € YL Listed of Wired hare yibe/cota ; a!fecfere two Wrele Kus. 5 Peratene Foe Hence x!Koger Ateas ol77YadVocrnce.Kees ad Tee)bleeo Loreal"Fflanes o¢sexes 06 fering,HateSraKawos.Mecess wis fates Zs (Genny "jfroaaeeCyEXETF"y ATK.#Yycwgs Fea Lo.)mad AEM ET ile(ee gooey oof Jus a!AA DUE Fe ces fledlicrarJs. r 23 Tyjeat "Wr A Veesecr wwto fel Se Chdsmalin We)ott Lasze Lleerize tfeedf os al percedhscereeKil3dh.Ql 8terrele O7-Al COTHEL Site Sted oles Waee AeMeLible «iby Vbthnoe.A filehStFiefadtgWife)Le vrnsrses"Thy He 2)flaceWorLed!few Taleo.Aes BE Aeseserve ,seeprefl 7pfeosterpoTile(nee Of Wlgré Cytbinrrt =fue.- 1019193,HERES|Bov3yy,Tan kectea.AL so SCEIVEDBayCommso0inerBUHbeOhern--hto eqn rao,VAC,Jor /&REGIONAL AFFAIRSmint,PnoSuttLno /UlenatliwVYamtpVASUMUC?0 faecLendvnLtal)anuerdnanensta f J¥Sete Lys tiledpa |Eee Uhemmiieg qo |V CLL9peal pdsssVALLOAMELDpoor gheleetutinlYOMMateeNtfpBQDunia.th CNUNVE PA,Stil =nLee mimenkWithbe.ditirmertal),PountdeeoCouldenrowigpeGoerbarkhoctlesNo.WE WLP O72LLHeinsthe.Ata Whip WilUmpleaonalpoowlan)VehJabitet F Oki snasye-vhVe CWYILIMNLLILLEWhNODisYSLAGWIMLL)hasup Lee Wan VAre UNMALLELEofviSOWAJathettaa..TheWMLTOLphanefonerLEthemetwtdOuUMA \P ann CLa0 CINNOLTKD VARDE LAGEStDUYWbrotALduimperttialWV Yhod Cagase Vall keotinsean eal(sionceton Shug hace ned woes BpKaeton=a LAL Ae Srocetial Luatepmeay »Lphort'a . VWS(2lsnwigypDisiGieiWhe KEVIN WALKER\\PO Box 1911 JANIC4 1993 Seward,AK 99664 (907)224-5111 COMMUDS IWIN Is we wl eeSOMMUNITY&REGICASS SEE AIR, December 30,1993 Edgar Blatchford,Commissioner Department of Regional and Community Affairs Room 217 Community Building PO Box 112100 Juneau,AK 99811-2100 Dear Mr.Blatchford: Please save the State of Alaska $60,000,000 by NOT approving the Sutton Glennallen intertie. I lived at milepost 105 on the Glenn Highway 2 years ago amidst the beauty of the Matanuska Valley.|met no one in the area who approved of the intertie. $60 million is a tremendous amount of money and this project would benefit very few people and scar a wonderful area.With the present budget crisis we can no longer afford these pork barrel projects.If distributed among Alaska's residents, this $60 million would be $120 for every man,woman,and child. Please REJECT the R.W.Beck feasibility study. Sincerely, A A thfUeer,Mh Dae Kevin Walker Deborah L Walker :is ra P O Box 246 .ie ""EIVEH)Sutton,Alaska 99674 December 28,1993 _J Commissioner Edgar Blatchford | .,_-NER'S OFFICE Dept.of Community and Regional Affairs 1 &REGIONAL AFFAIRS P.O.Box 112100 Juneau,Alaska 99811-2100 Dear Mr.Edgar Blatchford, This letter is to let you know that I am in strong opposition to the Glennallen Intertie that MEA wants to construct. At first when I _learned of this project,I was neither for or against it.But then last weekend when I went home to my house mile 72 and a quarter on the Glenn Highway,and faced another 4 hours of plowing the snow from around my house.and opening up my driveway,only to discover the power was out, and it remained out till the following afternoon, I was really mad. I .go through these power outs every year like clock work,and it remains out for at least a minumim of 4 hours before there seems to be anything done.The month of Oct.it went out because of high winds,when I called in the comment I received was that there must be a tree on the line out there that was causingmy power to surge,and that it should burn itself through the line any time now. Every year,I get the same excusses that theres trees on the line,or that the transformer is worn out and it hasn't been brought up to date. Well,if MEA can't keep the people in the Sutton, Chickaloon areas in power during the winter months, or high winds,or up date transformers then Why Should MEA and the State spend up to $60 Million dollars,according to the research figures of ACRED and only serve 8,000 to 9,000 people? I don't want to see anymore of. our money,state,or revenue bonds by the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority be squandered on any projects until the power .in my area can be stablized.If the power hadn't been off for as long as it was,I would have been able to unthaw my waterline,now it remains froze and most likely will remain frozen until this spring. oo”cent0)Le blee 7¢S5-35a CHICKALOON VILLAGE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROGRAM P.O.Box 5 : Sutton,AK 99674 (907)745-0707 (907)745-0606 Fax To:Alaska Energy Authority Attn:Richard Emerman PO Box 190869 ANCH,AK 99519-0869 From:C.V.E.P.P. Alan D.Larson -Program Manager Date:8/3/93 Re:The Sutton to Glenallen Intertie. Since the last hearing on the intertie in Glacierview,I been unable to find any more information concerning the intertie.This project is of great concern to Chickaloon Village and our Environmental Program.Also included in this letter is a copy oftheresolutionconcerningthepositionofChickaloonVillageontheintertie.We would appreciate any information your office couldprovideinthismatter.Thank you for your time and cooperation. Respectfully, Alan D.Larson ; C.V.E.P.P.-Program Manager -PLEASE & nreeoves June 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS RECEIVED ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY JUN 30 1993COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If .you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibilitystudy,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 - Name of Person Commenting:GS Zao K hla Mailing Address:Lok A Yb 3Vall,ak P%éGL(002)V Pse JOS - May 25,1993 An Open Letter To: Board of Directors Copper Valley Electric Association P.O.Box 45 Glennallen,Alaska 99588 Dear Ladies &Gentlemen: I have followed with great interest CVEA's actions in obtaining funding for the Sutton to Glennallen intertie.As a past Board member and legislator,I have been totally supportive of finding ways to lower our exorbitant electrical rates. I am quite concerned though that the manner in which the legislature has passed a bill to fund this intertie with a loan,rather than a grant,is not going to lower our rates.As I read the legislation CVEA members will have to pay back to the state thirty five million . dollars over fifty years.That works out to $700,000 a year.We would also have to borrow,at market rates,as much as ten million more dollars.This would make CVEA's payments about a million dollars per year. My understanding is that CVEA would also be responsible for the maintenance and upkeep on the line for the same fifty year period or for the life of the line.With our existing tie line between Valdez and Glennallen,the state pays for the maintenance and any major problems,such as repairs after an avalanche. When we were sold on the idea of building Solomon Gulch Damn.and the Intertie over Thompson Pass,we were under the impression that our rates would be reduced because of their construction.But ever since they were built,people have used them as excuses as to why our rates are so high. I ask that the Board of Directors take all the time they need and obtain every bit of information necessary to determine that funding this intertie with loans will absolutely cause our rates to be lowered substantially.Take into consideration the worse case scenario, because it often seems that the worse case scenario ends up being reality.Consider: 1.Can we afford a 35 million dollar no interest loan,paid back over fifty years? 2.How much more would we have to borrow at market rates? 3.What will be the cost of maintaining this line? 4.How will we pay for major repairs such as those caused by an avalanche? 5.What is the life expectancy of the line?Will we have to rebuild it before it is even paid off?, 6.We had this as a partial grant in the Senate version;is there some other way to.fund this project that would put a smallerdebtonourco-op? 7.Finally,are you completely sure that when this tie-line is complete,our electrical rates will be reduced and stay reduced for the life of this loan? Everyone wants to see our electrical rates reduced.It is the main disadvantage that most businesses have in competing with other communities around the state.It is also a substantial cost of living in the area for every resident.We know that you,as a Board,have been working hard to get this funding.But you need to be extra careful now to be sure that this is the best course of action for CVEA to take.You need to be extra sure that this is the best deal that CVEA can get.We can not afford another disastrous period of prolonged excessive debt.| Thank you. Gene Kubina Box 2463 Valdez,Ak 99686 RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY APR 1?1993 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmissivn line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments ray be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follcwin the second half of 1993,if fundingpermits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In zddition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience {>any party wishing to comment.However,use of this co.nment sheet is not necessary in order for your comment;to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary Attached for your reference are seven maps showing tw.preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting puis:t for the feasibility study. Please submit you*comments as soon as practical to the following: iAr.Richard Emerman '.laska Energy Authority 1.0.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments wiil be includec in the reposts provided they ere received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports,Tent:tive dats ave June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and Cctober 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. c 49S °Fe ".jt?:PalNameofPerscaCommenting:wut Mp”fils lil ae Mailing Address:,LhEk LEG2MsWALLED.LhL GGb TY COMMENTS: Ges pottuk bh CK Uf Abies Qh POT IL ER!Bia!fie tde Continued on Back RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS APR 22 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITYCOPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITY STUDY "ASK ENERGY AUTHORITY, You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intertie are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.In addition,this comment sheet is provided as a convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:G,ahPun War L Mailing Address:Lx = ZzCleanalla,Ak ZFS EE :ved)Talema ULilderp ossCOMMENTSOuroe axispho1%"7 olan COCock (Se rege)pidLet(aww Lie wed Cte.BorestThvty)LbeetLf#6 Waa be ned One able vyfrentl.prec!(see poeted ne a "7?2 "b.mot Vf wn cawhete .ntinued on i H wwo2 3 . re5aee 9 "H 2>%>©spy Die Hfeeeeea| "1 EEAi$22c01Hil £3354au Gaz a2 .jitge!|aj HC60 Box 306T Copper Center,AK 99573 May 6,1993 R Richard Emerman *PEIVED Alaska Energy Authority PO Box 190869 MAY 0 1995 Anchorage,AK 99519 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY Rez Sutton-to-Glennallen Intertie Feasibility Study Dear Mr.Emerman: My husband and I live in the Copper River Valley (Kenny Lake area)and purchase power from Copper Valley Electric Association (CVEA).I have several concerns about the proposed Sutton-to-Glennallen Intertie, specifically:, 1).Will it be a good deal for the State of Alaska,or could greater . benefits be obtained by spending the money in another way? 2)Will it be a good deal for CVEA consumers?(I have heard from many friends and neighbors that power rates went up after the Valdez intertie was completed.). 3)Are there health risks to people living near the proposed intertie?It sounds as if the scientific debate continues. I would not want to enjoy lower electric rates at the expense of the health of others. I hope that the feasibility study will study these questions in depth and present its conclusions in clear terms that the public can understand. In addition,I hope that the study will compare the proposed intertie with other options,including: 1)a "clean coal"power generation plant in the Glennallen area, utilizing Matanuska Valley coal; 2)+a natural gas power generation plant,utilizing either North Slope natural gas or possible Copper River Basin natural gas reserves,when these resources become available; 3)co-generation by Petro Star Refinery in Valdez,which (I have heard)is using about 25%of CVEA electricity; 4)conservation,which has not yet been vigorously promoted by CVEA.: An objective assessment of all the options will be in the best interests of CVEA consumers and all Alaska residents. Sincerely, Ore WN theasWeFRuthMcHenry UPL HC O3,Box 8392,Palmer,Alaska 99645 Phone:(907)745-4203 FAX:(907)745-4206 Ministries May 28,1993 Dick Emerman RECEIVED Alaska Energy Authority PO Box 190869 .JUN 0 2 1993AnchorageAK99519-0819 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY. Dear Mr Emerman, I appreciated being able to chat with you on the phone and update you as to our feeling in the Glacier View area on howtheproposedpowerlineisrouted. As,per our conversation,you mentioned that the present power line routing is scheduled to go directly in front of Anthracite Ridge,up Hicks Creek,over Pinochle Pass,over Dan Creek Basin,up to Caribou Creek,Alford Creek and on u the highway toward Glennallen.: At our Community Council meeting a number of our residents who hunt,fly and are actively involved in the back country have discussed the routing.They have even measured a back country route from the start of Boulder Creek all the way to the borough boundary lines near Nelchina.They found that it is the shortest possible route and has the least obstacles. You mentioned in our phone call that there seems to be some difficulty getting over Chitna Pass.This is not as troublesome as the present routing going around Strelshla, up Hicks Creek and over in to Dan Creek.Those are formidable areas and would be extremely hard to maintain. Also,during our conversation,we discussed the fact that on the front side of Strelshla mountain is an Environmental Issue in the form of a rock glacier which contains large boulders with 15-20 feet of ice underneath them.While on the phone,I gave you the name of a man who has been dealing with that area,Mr.Kerwin Krause.He is with the State of Alaska,presently in the mining division.He was formerly responsible for monitoring the rock glacier.His phone number is 762-2145. We also noted during our phone conversation that presently there are nineteen schools from the Anchorage School District using the site of the rock glacier to hunt for fossils,as that whole area is filled with natural fossils. This is a place that,I am sure,would need an extreme amount of consideration in your environmental impact study to make sure that it met all the standards that have been imposed on a power line such as this.- ALPINE CAMP .RANCH CAMP .TEEPEE CAMP .WILDERNESS CAMP .CONFERENCE CENTER (Mile 95,Glenn Hwy.) CAMP LI-WA (Fairbanks) Emerman letter,May 26,1993 page two It is presently my feeling,and that of many in our community,that the present chosen route is not a viable route for a structure such as a power line.And,it has been the stance of the Glacier View Community Council that to run the proposed Sutton-Glennallen Intertie line through the back country is a much better route. Further discussion brought up the possible expense of maintenance,but in talking to the General Manager of Glennallen,he said that Copper Valley Electric Association will be maintaining the line by helicopter.So,we feel that it is much better to put the power line in the back country,where it is easy going up Boulder Creek,Caribou and Alford Creek and could eventually be maintained by a track type vehicle. Your response to this letter would be very much appreciated so that we may maintain clear communications with you and your organization as you attempt to install this power line. President/CEO ldb RECEIVED DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS JUN 10 1993ALASKAENERGYAUTHORITYN COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY ALASKA Energy AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase of a planned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may be affected by the construction and operation of the Intestic are important to the study.Verbal comments will be recorded at each public meeting.in addition,this comment sheet is provided as 2 convenience to any party wishing to comment.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in order for your comments to be considered.We request that any comments be as specific and detailed as possible.Do not feel limited by the space provided;attach additional sheets as necessary.Attached for your reference are seven maps showing two preliminary route alternatives identified as a starting point for the feasibility study. Please submit your comments as soon as practical to the following: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Comments will be included in the reports provided they are received at least two weeks prior to the publication of the reports.Tentative dates are June 15,1993 for the Phase I report and October 1,1993 for the draft Phase 2 report. Name of Person Commenting:UA DLsMailingAddress: COMMENTS!By)Wl)WoTOE bE VE,ConaaltgsYiggVBE[TELEpy)SHlLeeTEOWTaf-wey nO TIED SIME DFSUMLETSINEIBOEUSOpr ThEYhfo702.Lame theVy ALLA SL KELSO HE ALLE LW”theCéntinued on BackOUTTESConetrtéLosSFhLy, ye COPPER VALLEY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL,INC. P.O.Box 9 Glennallen,Alaska 99588 uECEIVED Nov 0 8 1993 November 4,1993 DIVISION OF EXERGY /DCRA Dept of Community and Regional Affairs Energy Division 333 W.4th Avenue Anchorage,Alaska 99501-2341 To Who It May Concern: Copper Valley Economic Development Council,Inc.,would like to re-emphasize its support for the Sutton to Glennallen Intertie.Attached is a resolution,offering that support.As we have stated in the past,the construction of this line is essential to the region if we are to become a sustainable economy.The prospects of increased energy costs in the region negatively impacts the development potential for the region. Enclosed you will find a copy of our Five Year Strategic Plan for the region.Over 150 residents participated in this planning process.Each discussion group emphasized the the need for lower energy costs. We are vehemently opposed to the construction of a coal fired plant in the downtown area of Glennallen.Part of our Strategic Plan calls for the beautification of that area,to make it more appealing to not only the visitors to our region,but to potential business starts as well.The addition of a coal fired power plant,will detract and hinder those efforts. Downtown Glennallen sits in a hole and wood smoke has difficulty escaping,as would emissions from a coal fired plant.Glennallen has been installing a sewer system throughout the core area of town.The water requirements called for in the coal firedsystemwouldrequiremassiveimprovementstoabrandnewsystem.There are no funds currently available to make those improvements. CVEDC urges you to support this intertie and the benefits the region will see economically as a result.As identified by several State and Federal agencies,we have the potential to become a very economically sound region only if we can provide power in the region at affordable rates. 'SHAPING ALASKA'S FUTURE Ph.(907)822-5001 -Fax (907)822-5009 DCRA pg.2 Nov.2,1993 Please look at the benefits to be gained for the majority of Valdez and Glennallen,rather than the small minority opposing the project. We look forward to the construction of this line in a timely manner and the benefits our region will enjoy as a result. Sincerely,eh Donna Tollman Executive Director CNG:byict Cry -Ur 'Mport id.ticle plan cc Oie |©fuontyWnsUr6"then "rate COPPER VALLEY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL RESOLUTION 93-007 SUPPORT FOR THE THE SUTTON TO GLENNALLEN INTERTIE WHEREAS,the Copper Valley Economic Development Council is a nonprofit corporation with the State of Alaska,and was formed as a partnership of the public and private sectors of the Copper Valley region of Alaska to address the economic problems and potential growth of the region;and WHEREAS,the Copper Valley Economic Development Council Board of Directors recognize the major limiting factor to economic development within the Copper Valley region is the high cost of electrical power;and WHEREAS,the residents and businesses in the Copper Valley region receive central station service from Copper Valley Electric Association,Inc.,and pay some of the highest unsubsidized rates in the State of Alaska;and 'WHEREAS,Copper Valley Electric Association has continually looked for ways to reduce the cost of power in this region and has determined to date that the only permanent fix to the rate situation would be the Sutton to Glennallen intertie,connecting Copper Valley residents to the Railbelt grid;and WHEREAS,stable or reduced electrical rates would support the economic development within our region,it would entice new businesses as well as encourage current businesses to expand,as identified in our Economic Development Plan;now therefore BEIT RESOLVED,the Copper Valley Economic Development Council supports Copper Valley Electric Association's efforts and respectfully requests the Department of Community and Regional Affairs;Division of Energy to support and approve the loan funding for the design and construction of the Sutton to Glennallen intertie. Approved and signed this 27th day of October,1993,in Glennallen,Alaska. hom L hbk Lat ZitaSecretary(attest)President (seal) Copper River School District Superintendent's OfficeConnerCenterBox108 S Glennallen .Glennallen,Alaska 99588 Lotte Seis (Nelehina)(907)822-3234 Slana .nECEIVED eee at OCT 28 1993 October 26,1993 DIVISION OF ENERSY/DCRA Don Harris,Director DCRA Division of Energy P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Harris: |am writing to you as a school administrator about the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line project.As |review the economic impact upon the educational programs at the Copper River School District,|am overwhelmed by the amount of savings that would be realized by the approval of this electric transmission project. The present source of electric power for the Copper River School District via the Copper Valley Electric Cooperative is from a blended cost of power originating from diesel powered and hydro-generated plants.That cost to the district as a consumer was .10/kwh in 1992.The CRSD budget for electricity is over $172,000.00 annually.The cost of power generated by hydro-electricity at .064/kwh can save the district $62,000.00 annually. The Copper River School District could make better use of its resources for classroom instruction and materials.The savings of $62,000.00 annually would enable the district pursue a variety of projects to improve instruction.CRSD could add a teacher to its staff to help in the instruction process,or the savings of $62,000.00 would enable the district to add much needed science equipment,or we-could purchase 50computerstoassistourstudentsintheirinstruction. 2 In a ten year period,these savings would amount to a million dollars.This is a sizable chunk of revenue that would not have to be spent on mere comfort,but for real education of our youth. A least-cost central service station is needed to curb the cost of electricity and to place our revenues into actual educational opportunities.A reduction in expenditures for this entity alone is justification for approval of the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line. This is a most feasible plan to curb the high cost of electricity. When it comes to heating,electricity is a wise and safe choice,but it must also be affordable.Today it is not,but with the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line,it can be. Sincerely,fo C _ae, Reid Straabe,Supt. | 2 Mg.Richard €GC.Qhe Wins RNATIONAL of AlaskaSeND P.O.Box 369 Glennallen,Alaska 99588 Phone (907)822-3291 September 14,1993 RECEIVED SEP 16 1993 Mr.Richard Emerman ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY Alaska Energy Authority PO Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Dear Mr,Emerman: I am writing to express my support of the Sutton to Glennallen intertie, which received a $35 million dollar zero interest free loan through the legislature in 1993.We would like to express our support and our need for electricity to be used through this intertie, We have a radio station,a medical facility,a Bible college and other facilities here that certainly need lower electrical costs.We believe that as a growing contributor to the state of Alaska,we are hindered by having higher electricity rates than most other places in the state of Alaska and we believe we should have equal opportunity with both Anchorage and Fairbanks in receiving reasonable electrical rates. Currently,we are paying .21 cents a kilowatt hour for electricity in this area,as compared to those in other areas that are being subsidized by the state of Alaska.I believe that this transmission line would provide for the growth of the communities along the line as well as in the Copper River Basin and Valdez. We would like to see our quality of life enhanced here and we believe that by having stable and reasonable electric power available that the area would be more quickly developed and we would become even more of a contributor to the welfare of our state. We certainly would like to have your support in seeing this project through and this transmission line completed. Sincerely, os pI MimaVernonR.Stevenson Area Director ce to John Downs Founded as Central Alaskan Missions in 1936 Ahtna,Inc. GLENNALLEN OFFICE ANCHORAGE OFFICE P.0.BOX 649 September 13 1993 406 W.FIREWEED LANE NO.101 GLENNALLEN,AK 99588 ,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503 PHONE:(907)622-3476 .PHONE:(907)274-7662 FAX:(907)822-3495 FAX:(907)274-6614 TOLL FREE 1-600-476-3443 ; Richard Emerman RECEIVED Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 SEP 1€1993 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 | ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY, Dear Mr.Emerman: Ahtna,Inc.and its subsidiaries,along with our shareholders and employees,are located in the Glennallen area which is served by the Copper Valley Electric Association (CVEA).It is no secret that the present CVEA membership pays one of the higher kilowatt rates for electricity in the State of Alaska.As a consequence,CVEA has continually sought ways to reduce its rates to consumers. The most recent effort has been an attempt to get the State of Alaska,through the legislature,to fund a Sutton to Glennallen power intertie.As you know,the legislature did approve $35 million zero interest loan earmarked for this project.Ahtna,Inc.totally supports this project,as we see positive,long-term benefits from such a project.We believe that the rates could be reduced over an extended time with the tie of CVEA to the railbelt energy grid.Of course,with reduced electrical rates the overall economy and the quality of life could be greatly improved in the Copper River Basin. We ask that you give a favorable consideration to this proposed project. Sincerely,-A A .Ce vamedlae)VeRoyS.Ewan / President/CEO RSE:dag Copper River Emergency Medical Services Box 5239 Glennallen.Alaska 953566 September 10.1983 Mr.kichard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority :RECEIVED P.O.Box 190669 . Anchorage.Alaska 99519-0865 SEP 1£1993 Dear Mr.Emerman:ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY; Our organization has voted unanimously to support the Sutton - Glennallen Intertie project.We believe that the project will provide for lower electrical rates in the long run as weil as reduce dependance upon fossil fuels.Lower electrical rates will allow business's tO operate which can't now due to electrical costs.Gur arganization is not 4 major consumer of eiectricity; however.the impact or high cost electricity to cur budget is Significant. We urge your support of the Sutton-ulennalilen Intertise project. Sincerely. i --_Kenneth Koberson.Vice Chairman Copper River EMS Box §2y Glennallen.Alaska 99565 COPPER VALLEY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL,INC. P.O.Box 9 Glennallen,Alaska 99588 RECEIVED SEP 13 1993 September 7,1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,Alaska 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman: Copper Valley Economic Development Council,Inc.,has long been aware that the major barrier to economic development and sustainability in the Copper Valley is the high cost of energy.We have been active supporters of the construction of the Sutton to Glennallen intertie and previous intertie proposals.We would like the feasibility study to reflect this support.Without stable power rates,economic development,which translates to jobs and well being are not a real possibility in our region. Existing businesses are affected as well as new ones.The distinct possibility of power increases over the next several years will be a major factor for a new enterprise and for the existing onestoopenand:remain open. School budgets are on the decrease and operational expenses are on the increase.The savings to the school district alone would be enough to offset some of the declining revenues they faceoverthenextseveralyears. The arguments for construction of the Sutton to Glennallen Intertie are endless and we are sure Stated often.It is unfortunate that a few people cannot see that an entire region of the State of Alaska is affected by their determination to stop this construction.We urge you to look at the good that can be derived from this construction and at the opinions of the majority,rather than the minority. Sincerely, xSp VA-_ Donna Tollman Executive Director att ARDOR SHAPING ALASKA'S FUTURE Ph.(907)872-5001 -Fax (907)822-5009 e/a , ,CROSS/ROND | sates umentsMEDICALCENTERTelephone(907)622-3203 Formerly Faith Hospital,a division of SEND Inti.of Alaska September 7,1993 RECEIVED SEP 12 1993 Mr.Richard Emerman .ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,Alaska 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman: I am writing to you in regards to the Sutton to Glennallen Intertie.I would like to see the intertie go through to provide reliable power at a reduced cost which would stabilize or reduce current rates paid by the Copper Valley Electric Association consumers. Stable or lower electrical rates would assist in promoting economic development within the communities served by CVEA. CVEA currently owns,maintains,and operates two diesel plants which will increase in cost to maintain as they get older. As the only health care facility in the area,we are concerned with keepingoverheadcostsaslowaspossible. Thank you for your consideration in this matter. Yours in Christ, Dawn C.Oaks Administrator DOO/pl1 TOLSONA WILDERNESS CAMPGROUND P.O.Box 23.Mile 173 Glenn Hwy. Glennallen AK 99588-0023 August 31,1993 Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage AK 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman, As owner and operator of a campground in Glennallen I am fully aware and concerned about the high electric prices in our area.Some campers have several 1000w electric heaters and are still appalled that I have to charge $3.00 extra for electric hookups.Even at this rate I sometimes only break even for 22¢/KW,2000w/hr.for 8 hrs.is $3.52. Last month the campground electric bill was over $750.00..Anything that can be done to stabilize or reduce these rates would be greatly appreciated. I also want to thank the engineers for moving the proposed route of the line slightly north so that it won't cross over my campground. Sincerely , fut.WekGrahamWard. Copper River School District Superintendent's OfficeCeeteterBox108 &Gatona Glennallen,Alaska 99588 Kenny Lake hina)-(907)822-3234 Paxson Slana August 31,1993 Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Bo 190869 Anchorage,Alaska 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman: The Copper River School District Board of Education wishes to reiterate its support of the Sutton to Glennallen Intertie. Copper Valley Electric Association (CVEA)currently owns, maintains,and operates two diesels pants;one in Valdez and one in Glennallen.As these units get older and are used more it will be more costly to maintain them in good operational condition. The transmission line would allow CVEA to place these diesel plants into either cold or warm standby so they would be available in case of an emergency. The intertie would tie CVEA members to the railbelt energy grid and provide reliable power at a substantially reduced cost that would stabilize or reduce current rates paid by CVEA consumers. Lower or stable rates could help to enhance the quality of life for those living in the CVEA service area and provide an avenue to promote economic development within the community. A copy of the original resolution in.support of the intertie passed on February 8,1993,is enclosed. Sincerely, Reid Straabe Superintendent Enclosure RECEIVED AUG 31 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY Greater Copper Valley Chamber of Commerce Michael J.Swisher P.O.Box 469 H.C.60 Box 339 Glennallen,Alaska 99588 Copper Center, Ak.99573 August 29,1993 Mr.Richard Emerson Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Bor 190869 Anchorage,Alaska 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerson: Regarding the Sutton to Glennallen Intertie:[am very much in favor.of the Intertie as it would not only pick up new subscribers but would lower the cost/KWH for all involved. Minor extensions could be made to the Tiekel area where other subscribers could be picked up. CC:Greater Copper Valley Chamber of Commerce. CC:Tieke!River Lodge. Sincerelypiickasf f Seceer Michael J.Swisher .LOG HOMES OF ALASKAeGP.O.Box 366 -RECEIVED'Sf2 Mile 2 TOK CutoffGakona,Alaska 95686 AUG 31 1993ae.Telephone (907)822.5105 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY 7 sy XO 99 2"a <1 oe Liye Kirt Villy oo rer /P peace, Lilie RECEIVEDOld&.ost fee Gallery BOX.379 COPPER CENTER,ALASKA 99573 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY (907)822-3694 E.AG-923eo AUG 27 398 Deere «Boressriom,lea &.Le |petene tty eeHheaggreBacen vaMeee rege FiheatquctdATokedy--Lhe.eta batoveyCaeeZfootw.Le;ee a <2 Patiencecee.fod feSL.eT OP ZoSone,th.ene Lee LenLee »FG Leelee Fz a cece tL ccf 4"exten free ee ZL feelerseesttttamNarhangqe August 25,1993 bE RECEIVED ts _Alaska Energy Authority ;;P.O.Box 190869 AUG 3 'Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 UG 20 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY:Attn.:Mr.Richard Ememan,Senior Economist It has brought to my attention that you are receiving many comments from some of the citizenry along the proposedrouteoftheSuttontoGlennalianIntertiethatcontainpredominantlynegativeresponses.We are hearingthatthoseconcemscenteraroundtheintrusionofthepowerlineontotheirpropertiesandsomehaveexpressedconcemover 5 the emissions question. As a benefactor of the reduced rates we ara hopeful of receiving |,for one,am very concemed for the health of myfamily,business and neighbors in our surrounding communitiesintheCopperValley.Whereas,|agreewiththefolksfromtheSuttonareathatthelineneedstobeshieldedfromsightandallreasonablestepsmustbetakentoinsurethecompletesafetyofthepopulous,I must take exception to the attitude of some that are professing to destroy thisprojectunderanyandallconditions. 'Last month,June 1993,my small business paid $1870.In Juty the bill was in excess of $2500 and |just paid $2700 :for the latest billing.My research shows that had we been in Anchorage,Fairbanks or many other locations in Alaska :these bills would have been less than half of what we are paying.Like many in Alaska wa are working under very j difficult circumstances and want to do allwe can to continue to be in business.{f,however,the rising costs price us:out of out markets we have no choice but to either sell fo someone else who will only eventually fail or closa the ;doors. 7 Our electric rates are critical to our health and welfare and if the Sutton-Glennallen Intertie is the viable solution to the :problem we must work with all diligence in that direction.As you know the option to this plan is to rebuild the existingplantatmillionsofdollars,increasing rates,pollution,and operating costs while,at the same time,disallowing newbusinessdevelopment,and creating more govemment control of a dnosaur system. |urge you to listen to the concems of the citizenry and build the Intertie with respect to their objections but in any event...Build the Intertia! Si j eMaster,President t Junction Village,Inc. cc:'Mr.Clayton Hurless,General Manager -Copper Valley Electric Association __Mr.Robert *Bob"Sunder,President of the Board of Directors -CVEA file |.Phana-(ON7)299-2664 Gakona,Alaska 99586 -----P.O.Box 222 L-Phone:(907)822-3664 August 25,1993 RECEIVED State of Alaska | Department of Community and Regional Affairs OCT 26 B85 Division of Energy ,DIVISION oF EXERGY/DCRAP.0.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Attn.:Mr.Don Harris,Director Re:Sutton to Glennallen Intertie -Comment Dear Mr.Harris: With the winter months just ahead it brings with it the final phases of our work with the abovenotedSutton-Glennallen Intertie.We coop members are expecting the final round of public comment meetings when R.W.Beck and Associates completes their feasibility study within the next few weeks. We are looking forward to their findings and a final determination on which way to move so we can,once and for all;get on with it. Some weeks ago |sent correspondence to Mr.Richard Emerman urging him to give our intertie project priority consideration as we are desperately struggling to stay in business while we await lower power costs. As you are aware,we in the Copper Valley are paying about the highest unsubsidised rates for electricity in Alaska,the United States and possible the World!We are not just a little bit higher,but more than double that being charged our neighbors in Fairbanks,and Anchorage and over 4 to 5 times the rates charged in rmany communities in the lower 48. Well,Mr.Harris,|must say this in no small burden to bear.To operate my small business we will spend up to $2700 a month this year for electricity.It is a burden that can,in fact,easily put us over the edge and ceuse our company to fail if it continues te increase as is projected by our studies.Thus,my concerns.We mustturn this around! We are now learning about an alternative source of power through steam generation using coal boilers as proposed by Slana Energy and Hobbs Industries.|have had the opportunity to talk with some of the principals of this system but,much like out national health plan in Washington,there is a fot of rhetoric but nothing is showing itself on paper.Their claims are impressive and deserve full consideration before making any final judgment.Whereas they seem to have answers for every question we have not had any hard evidence that will verify their claims.|am sure they are in the process of preparing something for distribution but to date we only have fip service.Time is of essence and we can only continue to give these ancillary proposals limited time ta prove themselves.After that we must move on if we are to cut power costs and save the businesses within the communities in the Valley and Valdez. As |understand Copper Valley Electric Association position they,are recommending we construct an intertie to Sutton from Glennallen that will allow us to bring up to 40 mw of P.O.Box 222 ------.Gakona,Alaska 99586 --- power to our valley.About 4 times that being used at presently and 4 times that proposed by the coal generation system;thus,allowing for many years of growth.This line will be funded by a state,nointerest loan,granted by the last legislature and subordinate costs will be raised through a $25 million bond offering thraugh the Alaska Industrial Development and ExportAuthorityshouldthosefundsbeneeded. The intertie will have a life of something over 50 years (more than double that proposed by the coal generation folks)and is upgradeable to more power capacity as needed in the future with relatively few dollars.{t will provide a source of power for all the members of the Copper Valley Cooperative with no additional pollution,fewer costs and higher rates of efficiency.Additionally it will easily allow for expansion of our system to accommodate many communities in the arva and large consumers of the nature of the Petro Star chemical plant recently brought on lineinValdez. The concerns and objections of the individuals and businesses along the proposed right of way have been heard and addressed by moving the right of way a considerable distance at a greatcosttotheCoop...but,this will keep the line off private land,eliminate visibility,and keep the - power away from people and livestock.A move that is correct and had to be done.There are among that group,however some who will not be satisfied if we run the line through Cabo San Lucas.They ere objecting to everything from the need to keep the line from view toa damaging the wilderness from walking around on the ground.Much of their objection is beginning to fall on deaf ears in the Valley as they reach too far in their zealous effort to keep us from having the very thing they are enjoying ...lower electric rates and reasonable costs We ere being told that the new retail power rates from an interconnect with the Sutton- Glennallen intertie,when averaged with the rates from the Four Dam Pool,will cost about 8.4 cents/kwh now and by 2015 will increase to 18.3 cents/kwh in real!dollars.When adjusted for inflation {in 1993 dollars}the costs will actually decline from 7.2 cents/kwh now to 5.9 cents/kwh in 2015.|think we all can live with that if,indeed,it is true.After many years ofdealingwithotherpowercompaniesandthepromisestheymaketogaindollarsfornew systems|look at these rates with a certain amount of skepticism but even if they are 50%right it will be better than what we have now.The only viable alternative presented to date is to continue where we are and the rates will probably more than double those figures placing us at a level that |,for one,will find most difficult continue our operation. We are desperate to receive a livable rate that will enhance the growth of our businesses,schools,public facilities and,most importantly,our families quality of life.The time to move the Copper Valley into the 21st century in now!The people to do the job are aboard in the Copper Vailey,Valdez,and Juneau. We encourage you to expedite the project in quick time as the project unfolds and theopportunipresentthemselves.Our workis difficult and time is not our friend. aster,President Gakona Junction Village,Inc. cc:Mr.Clayton Hurless,General Manager-Capper Valley Electric AssociationMr.Robert "Bob"Sunder,President of the Board of Directors-CVEAfile. Ce.Oe .Was Copper Basin Mechanical RECEIVEDBox612-Glennallen,Alaska 99588 |AUG 30 1995 Phone/Fax (907)822-5531 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITDearMr,Qubreetan oe Bhsps Me Wikis pu Mor The.Sutin MirwterteeVebereenCb,4 lilly fsa read EetatbesCheeleadoeContapTLiltowbylee.Oty gy brsaibly turer fuduct aur €leiltue pete.LEchieee "=aller iq Me bo faoivee-RTE Clebirc,ik)bea 218022 Cee fark i AoLig49&3%Ene?prcertl fex rg fo Ge. We nak (Ye tele.f tgs KloL Mechanical Contractor -Licensed -Bonded:-Insured /,=G93 RECEIVEDtx9,ase AUG ?=1993 ) "ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY|Erhaik Corrie rote zee"ya Chir of LeceThirc le:P.0.Bex To a4 cf A uth.GI PF SI7-2 867 Kwa "a yet CS rotegrta ne uy liyuclk ¢bkee a,Aed fer 4de.yeeaentlleweNEEEEASfLe"Cott 0002CotheAddiebyteweeHe,nlirlic,Fae Lettre?D OpsCHIN LCE ae),Abe,Lid.LL Shi He"A ¥wee Lope whe4vinLlecbuccelbetLIECLCéLLILCoWyLALChulaCiretteLettAdkieLUEahaaaLtnL&Utich Otr0tl Lilo wtxPliceseOLChalPhere.LL Lent:éuCleebein)LyeLOD)¥Glen 200 C57 | |(L,bat Pe a - eg 26,93WanCLAZaRECEIVED (rhe.4 athe AUG 2 7 1993WOBes|laokld,ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY AE P9819 Mae J he 3 th Lo Dlon €Mbsonollie alee ittascss(hung 7]te Magevey fledSFOhs i,(able Qk 996744 REMs.Evelyn Bunch CEIVED P.0.Box 31 7 Glennallen,Alaska 99588 . AUG '9 1933 August 17,1993 ALASKA EXED2Y AUTHORITY Alaska Energy Authority Attn:Dick Emerman P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,Alaska 99519-0869 Dear Mr.Emerman: i am writing to express my support for the Sutton-Glennallien intertie projecz. As a 30 year resident and long time business person in the Glennallen area, I have seen CVEA struggle to provide dependable electricity to the Copper Valley area.The Cooperative's efforts have been commendable under the cir- cumstances and problems encountered here but lowering our very high rates has been impossible for a number of reasons.Finally,the plan for an intertie from Sutton to Glennallen appears to be a viable solution to our high energy costs,without sacrificing dependability of service. What I and others in the area invision is an intertie that provides fair and equitable service,comparable to that made available in other highway commun-ities.The Sutton-Glennallen intertie will enable the CVEA system to funccion on a modern,efficient level which will result in lower electric rates.We don't ask for special consideration,but we do need your help to make our vision a reality. As electric rates come down,1 believe as do many others,that the cost of living in the Copper Valley and the cost of doing business here will be more in line with other southcentral communities.Our quality of living and oureconomicoutlookwillimproveimmeasureably.Everyone would benefit.Not just local residents,but those in surrounding areas.I also feel that every care and consideration have been taken into account to see that our neighbors to the southwest are not adversely affected by the Sutton-Glennallen intertie. 'The Copper Valley area,with its relatively smal]population and remote location, needs your help to accomplish our mutual goals of lowering electric rates and providing dependable electricity. Sincerely,(ib,Pinel __-Ms.Evelyn Bunch #4aCOPPSR VALLEY TeLepHONe COOPERATIVE INC BOX 337,VALDEZ,ALASKA 99686 907-835-2231 FAX 907-835-2387 June 22,1993 Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190860 Anchorage,AK 99519-0860 Copper Valley Telephone Cooperative,Inc.,is a non-profit, member owned cooperative providing communications services throughout a large portion of South-Central Alaska.The nature of this area requires us to provision many small,remote buildings in which we house:electronic equipment requiring AC power to operate.We have a constant first question we ask when engineering and planning upgrades or new facilities--what is the availability of AC power? This dependence translates into charges for electrical services from Copper Valley Electric Cooperative in excess of $65,000 peryear--and growing!!Since we operate on a non-profit basis,anyneteffectuponthosecostsultimatelyappearsonourcustomers'bills.We have more than enough expensive obstacles to overcome in order to accomplish our goals,and strongly support anyprojectwhichcanhelpuskeepthelidonouroperatingexpenses as we intend to remain in business here for many years to come. We trust that strong consideration will be given to the potential to minimize the "trickle down"or pass through effects of increased energy costs.The Sutton-Glennallen Intertie Project has that potential and more.It has the potential to stabilize rates--a direct benefit for our customers.It has the potential to encourage economic development--a direct benefit for our customers.And it addresses future need for many years--again,a direct benefit for our customers.We can only see positive returns through this project,returns which directly affect the pocketbooks of our 4000 customers through our operations alone. As a utility,too often we find the expressed demands of a few override the unexpressed desire of the majority,especially wherepublicworkstypesofprojectsareconcerned.I believe thebenefits'inherent in this project far outweigh the downside. Sincerely yours, cott L.Smith General Manager June 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS RECEIVED ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY JUN 30 1993COPPERVALLEYINTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibility study,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Name of PersonCommenting:_QL SBA gene Sf Mailing Address:Po.box 7? Cofhree CenTEt,AX.PPSIZ COMMENTS: We wave veo TAs /wTerTic far Many VeEwes-Fhe Pte blems FAT Areé eI ) BurshT ouT by The piks dows The Load Tword Anekd.fisce A.Speke $C fear - Dowt or Fre The Prretitt CssiAr Tats vay»aVeen RestoeTs by ThisSmileStree.To Sus he GheT Suv774ChichenfalkswordwutBehoppywwTHprythingPPeeWeedTHISLiveIFYou,TALK iT FO PEeaTHe "Phe cosT will LivileLersSTHITBuidingBephy , oh June 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS RECEIVEDALASKAENERGYAUTHORITY» COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY JUN 30 1993 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHOR You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibilitystudy,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority - P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK $9519-0869 LAGI KA KR Dsrvsers PO.Box 79 Conner Cin)re”,ZIV PISTS Name of Person Commenting: Mailing Address: COMET PIGS 7 THE -_ - COMMENTS:A7ar@se OF FPVEWDTERTIEFOCUSESODTHER OISYIL IMPACT-79 7 CEWCIG FEFIE SPTERITE Wh.PYIRAI FEW R?SsTFBrsedBysrwess'-THOSE COWGERWED WITH THIS AISPEQT-OX THE Lwr!eRTrea DPWCUO GO THKYIROS VALDEZ L LIEW T7HETApWISH«ISStOW LE THERE,£7 1S CURD L1S1BLE J WHERErotsWNELE(7 1S 7ROLGY PPTIO ElLE,7HE BRETTKKBYICTYOF%WeErrTeSOW FYASS (5 CERF HNL G CONnIFPRIELEJoTreBERLTYAkouVCrieizicoonwSiseTron,JOYRISTS 9271 TFhléy PRE HeXe FOR OVE Trefé+Frag "ET PR ATCT HIRE (9 SECOWO O1sr7,We HAE70LIVE.WERE FULL TrAHE,VAR -ROOWOD-wo morrr CurLFLPRYGELECOTRe(Bree FALES GEtow 00 -Due f 7DOMEMOCOTIEf9REOMEOFTPEEGT(9 TATPORASAICSS7ons Lowe.75Witt.HAR TOURIST -GPSED CIOS TRIES /BUSES SE SEery SsBEffFLreisyOVE,Weetrme Aw O0brsscoehe. o 7° 4s KOT EerwG TO MSCOVKAGE 9 FOURST-,THE are VEpokeEVMRtehbITHTHEKOUTRIETOBeSeoneLyUOTTE. ZL Va/al oa L/hVEDO fA/SIELIEKSI :, .Ake:Lee MY LiFE €75 ACOWSEQUEMKEPIPCEOG%EF”LI 4724 FOURSTS (CT eee WY BUY WESS ORTHRUOLRMUSEUIACOMERKEZLOLUMTEER,THEY ARE CLAYS CyBolTTECOSTOFL10OINGHERE&(PAE APTAILLELR PF cos mean OOKfOkerFORPOWER,AIFF EAI MWe TOURIST CU OUSIRG .7 IROL« June 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS RECEIVED ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY _COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY JUN 28 ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY, -You are invited ta comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If you wish to submit written comment tor consideration and inclusion in the feasibility study,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Name of Person Commenting:Sh E xX pale. Mailing Address:-Yb Water A ACD _Creda B42 G2 ESalatiy COMMENTS:\y/Exo &-Te atabele xt |Sf?fi (2.90A Crree)| June 1993 DOCUMENTATION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY | You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.If you wish to submit written comment for consideration and inclusion in the feasibility study,please submit such comment as soon as practical to: Mr.Richard Emerman Alaska Energy Authority P.O.Box 190869 Anchorage,AK 99519-0869 Name of Person Commenting:WiZL dy LZ YugeMailingAddress:.SOB 123 Valdez AK 922x Please help the residents and businesses served.by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because:te meek,FO felaw eetLedrrermnecect,ae oe The Ororetong GearGrasLictakivleeLoweCaePrvyerbes,LordlanLinnw2eatdMibpseotaleaymaterYJeepersLineligirniial¢phok Ive tht owet atl te2k favvmreses Bet htnn.OF weve lor VA,th2s0 APsAte?&gecn dds whi,»aur (>Zk atdery,Atty,Wherehdrtacer7tnpepe"sincerely,ZeBEE 9 Lede"eke »anaes a+,dE Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission linebuiltbetweenGlennallenandSutton.We will benefit from thistinebecause:tf uz!be__move fost Uotre_toc atk aot-"as mr the forg ruak SDsSincerely, Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the maembert/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your heip and support to get a transmission line built between Glennailen and Sutton.We will benefit from this fine because:OL Putts Bee to Net =Kee hoWe\,WES -+= hot De Passible Te malsvk \eSs ev pensive nent = Sincerely, :The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennailen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: Zhut Lint Hp mkrhéAa_there 1s absolutely,MO dtactuleeGrPODIRAOCstir142 Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state werebuilt.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.Weareaskingforyourhelpandsupporttoget&transmission linebuiltbetweenGiennatienandSutton.We will benefit from this we chonce of Cowes on tage $Lensres OS Chote bully \ LiaSincerelyLiCLL -: Dear Mr.Harris, dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were vuilt.itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We we asking for your help and support to get a transmission line wilt between Glennailen and Sutton.We will benefit from this ine because: Zt ell ine Le cats fours Sincerely,a<<LZigeme *Dear Mr.Harris, -Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state wereThepeopleoftheCopperValleyandtheCityofValdezneedyourhelpso.h ping neigh : @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Raiibelt.We,the built.itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission linemember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the'built between Giennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this tine beyfinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: Che hee of ven fave bee L.¥keh .'yi Oo, as Poa a ¥ .ae felt :nf . HY ar24 The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionlineareality.We need this line because: - we te cA ¢x2 2 Ss le He wis Sincerely,Li Macee a2) 'Dear Mr.Harris, :Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were'built.ttis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.WeareaskingforyourhelpandsupporttogetatransmissionlinebuiltbetweenGlennaiienandSutton.We will benefit from thisfinebecause: The?jue en He fhe.EitleS Lar titleamemitatl hess pte pets weed scents teThe_ares by felucing Comm Sr preZ ane Jehy pow.Apher flSereylen(Belo?)<a ..WSincerely,os Se Dear Mr.Harris, The peopleofthe Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help soatransmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbels.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and thefinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: .a ¢fséyi== v4 G Dear Mr.Harris, i i i i i i is state wereNeighborhelpingneighborishowthisnationandthisstabuiltItisalsohowwe,the member/owners of CVEA,live.WeareaskingforyourheipandsupporttogetatransmissionlinebuiltbetweenGlennalienandSutton.We will benefit from this line becausg: Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.[t is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennaiten and Sutton.We will benefit from thislinebecause::Sreshuae ride kore --.=_-[/_/Sincerely,SO?Vet : Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built,We need it because:; Git Re renern)onthre ty VERra wee "Sincerely,AA”sevenat The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because:|- Zl wk pPRevide one RELIBBl ec AlpL£OE3 Fz pewcwe PeureR. Sincerely,An We Hee. The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionlineareality,We need this line because: , :\ wetOYYS £Powel us Va\2.ae Ses Ive ales Crete +0 -™ Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do is alone;we need your help and theSinancialsupportoftheStateafAlaska.We need this line because: 6),()o Dear Mr,Harris, Neighbor heiping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is atso how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We ara asking for your help and support to get a transmission line _built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will.benefit from this fine because: off.Lo)Sincerely,eZ hig The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: Tere MASTS MIST RE BEAUERT UMA SP aE pe ISK be PETE.eS,THES TRAMMs Seal Lind Sills we,PRITHETAddFRULRE SOME REUSE iM TRES GE SINS (MAE BARR Sincerely,patiA).Bevendor t The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: turn.bbl Lith dsix2?deni wt ae ;meee dnd &s,5 a.va 5 :. f ;,3250 -I Lats Zn LOWER price,Ue cre Ueeay tenterred advert”:7 d ,s EME'S Gud Cdn t (inne rel| oC dno feud vu wireios Lit line aud a . Aisa hidden|Sincerely,uaa lenis The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Etectric-|The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen need your help andsupport to make the Sutton to Glennallentransmissionlineareality.We need this line because:transmission line a reality.We need this line because: awn rocsloe,elecbeik,Pur €abla ble.Lb asmilé Prowide.along barr pate SaaleLaGewckinswity'te Suloren Crleh "hal rmSaedhy,Z feel sews|f penohs eoegonmeUPIfe»(a lene [lew flesce hiloutthisBoetiinWottrads*Tt t etetier [fleeSincerely; At Lil eel,bee "itt of Lenton £tetki le tn pe ht ACHkt Of CUVER HortualeEATMEMLOCHORC.Lert bopime ir eine.Lop Mak nar LEO PAC ep NOTUpperate.,ANA &Leng -ferw,MUU Hu Setomene tek y Aude factitep.bhnuche .a .ae v .. se 'Dear Mr.Harris,Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: AsA Busnnterd bape le i Lust Chasey A.Ghic Litt,% Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.it is aiso how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.WeareaskingforyourhelpandsupporttogetatransmissionlinebuiltbetweenGlennalienandSutton.We will benefit from this line because:. This tlould open o more. hhc Fae #2 ZT Cint Ae OU lorodér area.in ich UylompetiivewithArchos|)Xo AlassKans Cot more ba a no,Fire Ad,OnKS, Sincere P jLjlg.rt7| i Sincerely,ree 1G (a Dear Mr.Harris,- _Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were -built.Itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: We cum 9 beeen VallesLotivndtbkSEDAmeen hicerere.Wt ynilf ly chofe fipsDWtyLOEiyeseLYnTfaseaLege22meZwUbooeniay.'Sincerely,i acama-«© Dear Mr.Harris, The people ofthe Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so a transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We nieéd this line because: Wi PABE She SAL]ortow elttiaa therCawLede/euen azes Aud a StableLowerSoukheefonLesBLEW,ZYCovscherarianShe)hve xs Lerome 4 Lay alinld fe GALA ag Lepseiete?”Leal busiresses Aud lon mrn Peg fo Ores: SAS 052KiffVps2AMato"ers tOmeeeeenewsLOPSi'at een .alias .The people of the Copper Veiley-and the!City of Valdez need Ft'your'help ry@transmissionlinecanbeebuit:to-tie'CVEA inithe-Raitbeli"We,the- member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and thefinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: MIGY UITUITY RATES ARE Dilcacutcms NEW Buswestet And evsEkretre.WE KGEO THE SinkyewcE PACTGe CREATEO BY A RECINCLE,PhrowArely PRICED POWER SovRce. Sincerely,LuLZ,of. Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperDearMr.Harns. i z help soThepeopleoftheCopperValleyandtheCityofValdezneedyouravrensmissionlinecanbebuilt10ieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need vour help and the Valley Electric get the Suson to Glennallen transmission line built,We need it because:. financial support of the State of Alaska,We need this line because: i 1S areal hapdskip fr _uste fii wohtreeeteesUymuchderBittnercorYtmgt"7otbetcisternGtweneed bile p mow. Sincerely,fled - Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.it is aiso how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennalien and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: Sincerely,7 tojar/t3 Se re Pe aea Zh wiih af Pe ee See A eeSe ..he we eT te hg ze ae ?.7 > ot fo .SeSincerelyrttL Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission tine built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this fine because: s Sine rel ” ns Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to fie CVEA into the Railbelt,We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the Jinancial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: we dag ¢la_mesh Cj/ttn vk,Kwlh ch tho hile te LEtkP Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valder need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuiltto2eCVEAinotheRailbels.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;weed your help and the.Sinancial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: -OQvuR_Fisceyery Parse ace Wn Bevievacgec-lle,0.Duet aly lhe wl £4 LOH 127g t30 Cog Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission linebuilt.We need it because: _tditheut rhs nkrthe gud -UbAsegyecal rake returhomt_cut rec pyt!confine @ lead he stek A_paks gad wll continue tp Be Airlexe”by Bese frtohih lie LQFS.soo Foeom Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper | _Cartsp Fee.Lecoy,opinms on AsmIss ten bs N b %Consimemarow Dvueine Desien) _ Sincerely, VALDEZ MOTEL CORP _* Dear.idr.Harris,- The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbels.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theSinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: ' ive Vio Ue Ss we tk ote ”The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley BlectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionlineareality.We need this line because:.-.. wf Lor.LE Va pees sein tr itedrpswellwitFineCoon of °tee LetCteerte Wma te win.ee ih fo,en A Ay i aeLert;LA Ritoy ftseriatir .a"Zhak htach ae f-mie Zn Zh ?7-Tren) Sincerely AZ ta beech” Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.WeareAtiengforyourhelpandsupporttogetatransmissionfinebuiltbetweenGlennailenandSutton.We will benefit from this line because:N : .ZT.tll BE Tm Expat vesCTGasMUGTisKeouitvivVPAGESAfpsi?AVAlAreHe Catal fCotiiswetCyAWeAO.t pyValpe?"AT THE Goo&TH ie Sincerely, Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbel.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: . : | Loe: Sincerely,Ce Line aSLE Dear Mr.Harris, Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: This 1,greed pte,foot will ff *a ¥ak a 60 Crs cad Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help soatransmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbels.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the Jinancial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: Lee wlalNEnegoHeesGeeagarety.Fe Cun ELECT Rigs Ssia £73 FONG ZT: g -:PI HE A Pa peer Of JAH sb fer Lderdt Fern vi.Ter ofivsr gre cm Figo fucertes Sincerely,Loss LinCorr*77997 Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state werebuilt.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.WeareaskingforyourhelpandSupporttogetatransmissionlinebuiltbetweenGlennallenandSutton.We wi i a n Glenna e will benefit from this Sincerely, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennalien and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: :Ay i te ees Fiathe TP eda rgeets Stan Cte bekwve enaa oc] tet le PCOSBAS Ake Caw (Ker Wh iIEL Or]TEP che la iL yp gh atc "CaTreBeseabePtsCuresSeance,ol puter” DP LPRN LTT fo 6 VSAMWEC,Leyee a 2 Sincerely,Le ZA at Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennailen and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because:a:Kee 08. we tht Stalnenht OM ng Lik Orie dts prcetucly *_.”* i}Like EID to FS Sta dens 6 ph tater!(PEP; Ont Gul Kane Athi a ee Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help soatransmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbels.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and thefinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska,We need this line because: zt wih hele,fe bong Sein Ze(7Pam ot &fec brig +e to ha (4 eS Sincerely,L2H Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Giennalien and Sutton.We will benefit from this e because:. 45 Az A Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built 10 tie CVEA into the Railbelt,We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your heip and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: syemums.Veto LT Sty m tls :sincerely,Brad'Darubard Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: Gt AS Ore ie,Ligh.ranpeeéaaCWer4"he yarn catewep,A athe bnWAsnesLeLELig, Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper 'Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennailen transmission line built.We need it because: Ll will Jlowog Lets AE Shereh i Souert.TAS chy becky fre fpThorAtenpore. Dole Ke binge, a.sincere,LideyHolec, Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the Cirv of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttorieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: .neyTheorigcfgasuiChingdeesatiasr git gg EE: [3 '3 riz [nS tah if hihe treanatien cf Gad tof iilaske.ib Laer cating auaey Phe Send with rail bet fo beume Si rem 2 rESPerons»fin ob persenetiy ,Z.a 7?yr.okdregerarotWUT,wounded!3 times)need HeOWN¢The Deed «ss The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: Qur fates Ake outpaced oud Awe MOT eretle .This Whigtes scomaata ee Th Ty ste Amer,Cur Cures ke tow the State.- Oear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennalien and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: viettopw Cty fuaiect last Catz snow jinda Bela The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: eopurres)Gav Omir rieK at Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the Ci a transmission line can be built to-t member/owners of financial suppo, WHITH JHE FEECE BMESISTANCE TR THE THLIn£LT wih TAKE A_DECADE.TO ELD -BE LEBELBviznTHECo-@ew FLaAwr The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric_need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: ”Mr Loar tte thy Janie.LL neta cttle tower ,Lecl?te A nnettine te ViteLp cabeloomen healtLeasedfratWar,a,net,LeMihalyasd”Fie bata yl?Ly oT wen?4 Leet:fyid Airttaper + Dear Mr.Harris,-' Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state werebuilt.It is also how we,the meanber/owners of CVEA,live.Weareaskingforyourhelpandsupporttogetatransmissionfine built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this fine because: These Taal,<s not Fortes,athesaalongsViecehs seh cosf<«eletere JL eZ vad 'The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because:Omer artes,wire fewer rates,are bery tied grids.tL he thete cevoked the prmaat fox deveLagement pact of tre state of Masks.SincerelyficheDAurtede"Vath2 4,9968e The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric Dear Mr.Harris, need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help sotransmissionline@reality.We need this line because:@ transmission line can be built 10 tie CVEA into the Railbelt,We,the ;at member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the re fewer Sul Arity Fares .financial supportathe State of -_We need this line because: Sincerely,Lamesa 2.Ulusttd The residentsand businesses served by Copper Valley Electric Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line transmission line a reality.We need this line because:built,We need it because: THE VDE wou PROVIOE.AwoTte®LINK Ft Aowver.wheels.Lalas Lys ENEDTORLLY tEPeRTpe A LOOP FED Ccomoncee Grow lh, SYsTeEm ww TH A MATET 5.!were 2 EA -D yy LLzD ce.oP.[4 On.AWDOTHER MATOR GEOG HY ee . p 1M MO HTION 8 SineNey,OD:ao Ww,Sincerely,td PRUCR (Twe CoRgipok Pharm 6LEDN-AULEY TOUwuLBETEDTOTMSVEESATIL3stem:be-oe +pnee - Dear Mr.Harris,1 Dear Mr.Harris, Thepeople of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so .'The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the.member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and thefinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because:financial support of the Stare of Alaska.We need this line because: até t&acé¢/S kwh eheclried Toute WELP ROE Costs L ttt Sincerely,€haase A Bawa Sincerely,VEAL: The residents and businesses serveffdy £Eleeenic'i(Please help:the residents and businesses served by CopperneedyourhelpandsupporttoZit-=Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line transmissionlineareality.We need q OPENIN built,We need it because: fU ORBER TO HOVE FUTUE beOWTH OF AY Hie We NEEM @ESS EXPEWSIUK Ahi STyele forsEke COSTS -W/E,AO gyfe CONTRIBUTIONS WWE STE ALE JOST RS (MM TRHT Abd Aid JOsSSlédy MONE fh JHE FUTURE RBS ALE [HE 50 CMM ED KWEBELT commtMerliés /Sincerely, The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: Crapiprnacl,eekin te:Ae Apre sy Bevisgov7. -re Bb Som yromimn fe blabhren!Joh ce Z 7 7HamnsCharaMnZTrasce"00 exe ra are f be HC OOD ne Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt,We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: cm bw, Lo Comme Cor bed An 4 tocog th webl ole we cohen Pita _Sincerely,Behehe.Nil 173 Clown Any. -._Please hely-the residents and businesses served by Copper °Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line=built.We need it because: Wates eve fue 4igh er Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so -@ transmission line can be buils to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Giennallen transmission line built,We need it because: Tks cea of lacliscsly Aster.Be _vUsny Agha LHbolsg?wrecten PIIE \ to Be BEO.05 and BeLape we,bre Ty Xo Comderwe_. Sincerely,Mechasl'Mapes | Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line' built.We need it because: We ade net need shes Ta a Serine Loe PAY To pnuct 1A ¢Pere Line a t's bos 4 re brlee dr .Kw How a.Selman Ceuler protet,Phew EL '; Please kelp the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: . By ESOT Asmat Anas do Akay erik- #[ws ' tre clase,oot He :Se : uy.We clo note veecl it LitSincerely,244 tay alas Vsaa ol aSSVRARSS ASSN Wy ACen WinweKonododhssSe:yo The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: LXe nud tf at xz thos wi Z Lak ds and all "LgYALwthourCeretntrfa-doine,(We Aso txrechty fue Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so a@ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: "Tanne tap Seind Sincerely,AS ate WC nS Dear Mr.Haris, i Valdez need your help soThepeo,le of the Copper Valley and the Ciry of eaunsmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt,We,the1i:d your help and themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need 0financialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: The cost of power Ye Valter is way fre fieBesimessesLiguebrevblemoklnscod'aucoferhovetecleveewatestakavefeeLolLuter herwhileHoyhovesicettere,hel,costs ere essentig 5Placke?powe®ged,Sincerely, Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Giennailen and Sutton.We wilt benefit from this line because: What's one more power line if it will lower fower bills? LpSincerely,YZ aim ld To feng fevers abla gafien ck Hee ; Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state werebuilt.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We =:" See-beceere . THe Te ee FF BI on)To LiL Eww 4c es)J oT tarT EFFE-T Fo TRE 4500.7)9 Aperesn £fo pen DHE Menky Ssyprn FE ob Zs - WERE Ite TRE STAAL Sincerely,> Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Vailey and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theJinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbels.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the.financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: wero 2 t a) '”Dear Mr.Harris, .*)-we, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so a transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the _member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the -financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: nee are Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper.-Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line :built.We need it because:- Wa wet fo Coie.os totetthdespebailsfalbtmmend- |Deer Br Dear Me Hanis -M)s\a5 "Re oleckyve Comp Sud tbo wrile Yow ahoutmuproblem.LD cond Chfprd cnnmoreshefr,home Olea dy Var Cort Wo GA OVO heatveToSharkaseeumiilburapi,GULAyprfan:Dont ultor Hae abiebwic Vous.fo IL mre about Hon Glennate..to SutininityTie-Het me RN QALY 2 on Reve Pine U0 OFWNeE +-oT corn ne ANY a [heaetOHAOryandLOoWhwat(ere Pore Dowdy ,__v8 mace S13 ">Zi ler pp atsaypebrewfordeh.NobsétgvA PB ste et oA ge Ca1n- sincerely)Yolmx Peoe,, uftirk ered «kuch Cir bikeNREwFLoLngLowfoAkeybge[ite Gusta ho ChYtis F 'By ,;Dea?Mr.Harris,.Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper j ;Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line -.built.We need tt because::The peopleofthe Copper Valleyandthe City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,the :/2.memberfowners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theMemudk¢-<-Ze Aoe wa financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: Le:Linke A , ..thé pont eM a Pe a er A ee pec ehis tk ake Svan nex phetnt.ly<4 sincerely 7 foloorn Seen,ray -@ transmission line cc 'Dear Mr.Haris,No PRAILBELT i help $0theCopperValleyandtheCityofValdezneedyourhePopevaithebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelr,We,the'i .help and themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone,we need yourfinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.Wemweaaisiyppcoue:2fwohneoeWe:2Co\ )=lumartLiCoSplLnTel,7ASTEApiateUyAntie6Dene=TO WALAAN TehS wc Beuwr)oye EASSLO (ADWNReeoe.Guan),UA gEn Site.me Ne ee Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbels,We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because:CUFA (ous Gu (utrgas.ThtWAHSRUCOtStoze.Tt Hy OF ie SINE The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: DtrheAnerd Coat wbaal Padi cake SincerelyQaderMrssrgre Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help soatransmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: if Win GARn.Lite (ha 6.Mitush ther will KiptoprereenemaGrauthtn .fhe eminent Sincerely,(l Z Luk fs Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionline built.We need it because: Ate 2b eveey goo L ar A The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt,We,themember/ownersofCVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theJinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: GVEA 0 olf Delad grrtraToce awe27 Dear Mr.Harris, Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theSinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: LOL Priced Loren elec lns nti - Dear Mr.Harris,- Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.{tis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: LATE AY,SUP I$THE VLIVATE SoA' LHMICN WIE,CL ZONSEIVERS BOE 8 $008CE OF CEPEAOISLE ¢Econeran Owtt.,eed ow o,ate Catn, LoSincerely,th Lia I--Sincerety,eA/a7 Dear Mr.Harris,The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallenThepeopleoftheCopperValleyandtheCityofValdezneedyourhelpsoetae.op a transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the transmission line a reality.We need this line because: member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the +o Gontinue to burn aw norrentwnble fossil fuelfinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because:Lit Z ':Dy ronmenta ;bh 4 4 erresporischle .E+ue Air TIED 72A CHO The high rate ot HUA OES CERT yEE Fe-T;,”4,hens 5s "Gent .Summers AVE rarmry La ptecatsSystinet,A H6 Lople on Cow or Fixed intemesBh.Fi L rye P r.Anve We Lied Yo -"fotlew grote +sage Consefiatian ante CES Ft Ak Gy fatr Corn partis FO erneyPadLLLsheonSincerely.L3"le 7 Vy Sincerely,ALCrchevenes The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric Dear Mr.Haris, need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help sotransmissionlineareality.We need this line because:a transmission line can be built to tle CVEA into the Railbelt.We,theNn-member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theLVUEACoralomersonematheckfinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: Sincere Dear Mr.Harris, , :Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission lineThepeopleoftheCopperValleyandtheCityofValdezneedyourhelpsoit,We it because:@ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the built ¢need se member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the -ZzJinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because:gu thet os:£on Ams 7 hu bur clueTie Lille art ruts aright'J heehsT pos Fhe Se,Rhee Cetnemiadtrre Leet LDAP ILA Alu:tab,Atund sebhiliewm phithy lovth rnb ' pont,vanSincerety,MA indie .Sincerely,a,Chtt. Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Dear Mr.Harms,- Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line Co Valleyandthe City of Valdez need your helpso:;:The people of the Copper af rabuilt.We need it because a ransmmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Raiibel.We,thehou;member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and thefinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: ,-r J +ay :sincerely -Laehe ZL,-Sincerely,Lede.A sdassare4 Mr.Harris, sople of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so mission line can be built to ie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the erlowners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the 'ial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: Pe rest inte darezits7S he Sefert Ave d teAxeseiwe ager AMY 1 ea/Go's, Ji.Sincerely,An -fE residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen smission line a reality.We need this line because: Xe {$e vet [A Ww _! z CLOSE fective Lrevee re peace thwe ave ne ofee adegute'of s,b rain Agel etc. end acuptabl,¢sees fer bis aver. Sincerely,Tin Saskowsk _-- Mr.Harms, reople of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so ssmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the ner/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the cial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: 74ig reduce the tror of glectr cuty . Letter utr lz,Cur notuwwit TUWWELG etian Ceterepte”uGt. y Vv The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: ih Lite wiapolielin Debithe ne de at feiss pa©PE OT 5 intheLikeree Pa ea Lakin Le oe ig Bas Wpontidine on Uecker a Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to gat a transmission line built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this fine because: Tite Loss cbrisTiy 2F koweeRaresJf Sincerely,CLE nubdel E a _Vee UsTEE®FLKEEPs. Dear Mr.Harris, The peopleofthe Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theJinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: a Sincerely, residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric!your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallensmissionlineareality.We need this line because: Laude Lawn our.taleZhe Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennalien and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because:* i”a Lange Sincerely,an l Ue ,Pleas wat the Suflenb Ge Cl [o™\,.eA Ue need he Deglon >Glenna'),ly le,Lenny like Ca "ne PNG Mbp7a?nm OF INkrle:AASho fund onl Commeaitg Haaeslel!ec?Ler Arahest Lane awlolbivonan On Soe.Ww he i "Loo pe ihe eek our,pe J67 hUG tl,ft YLanaOO'4 ge the i -_- 1p 1s6 (rtet bored pete Hh hoap Patbee i 6 w? Vhs SYce G9 i /,At he yke Apo td ae wed.|down is Oi Wa,s cold +dich.Keon lik (ommunty Keo L Cont aEaerialVPunsreBroceSuwtiow)-Clannallon rive Wanrun - +._7 . oMehe |at Plosae hele wo aek bittie ov o\We GAYw Ggxek \N Hoard BL Ve 'el ”lagsk No Que ,Anew nad.-ute.Gul eleckiic ils Mate »Lue ply Che Veghest cake,tr Gbnile-iF vary MiGierkk be Gur d oe'Qo Keon b Whe -7 , Qk-sD°ip the Winter||Soul GReweatn?enbivtie COL Saek -_Was t G VU AVEDrreerly|Sul egg wend reas ww Cee-_Wichellor tanned |NI yo Dorgt Riu mkn- |; Mess hiby (owt oO hen Pre os hel erent site lon TS | aks -ee tAJAnZ.Zo Shiny”Q Kast.Suse computed a laundsy mer 10 20 |BY nr afract ts iw lt oT irs,Z ou Sosh 2 Bae a)aeTeaOMSAeantosmee:_co -s.u Kg Se -YBStaktatetlcln|lees che:./Oe ¥Keck ctrar.2b Coy x sar The C."yetymutaDhanhagoottide,Me Ge,YGthetirkrVRE_VF,Le Lions 4o7 _p)_4 Kiole oul tage totic pi /¥te AGT tell io out ra Loc 7{Weg Chak ta,CLEjs AB hy 7 Lik ©Hke wllD Lad cir,ge -Please helysehadisetiyyHomerBtSeathanaee The residents and businesses served bry Copper Valley ElectrineedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontocetransmissionlineareality.We need this line because:GatGand)UL ee 5Gehan Zhe aks, ZA.Z <>la Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: «th,es ,Itt htt Coronet bel deitun v7 7 «Sf 93 A .SincerelySZA Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionline built.We need it because:.2].G3dr.Yh aerris Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbel.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theSinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: he elhred fnewLeEoncatecetHeaeAaeck, -Sincerely,HephA FE tehcd The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Giennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: Please help the residents and businesses served by CoppeiValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennailentransmissionlin. built.We need it because:x done Know 1 Wwe Needthstag,Rot atl CAwontteGothiaATTYnod"Choahanpatof,La Bn,Katty. L ren Un Pre 5 4 .of. Plana Lie _tate, The residen usinesses servie Copper ey lectric Please help the residents and businesses served by Coppe.need your papaond port to the Si fennallentransmissionlinea/eality.seneed this line bee se: (de >o-A/n FF MechTheyBt(ep cu AaTKeDeceSurKeteceLeWeal6,Me_ Sincerely,;aoe SA rm : Abst Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission lin: built.We need it because: Oniuy 1A Sours Centeac,Vacdez.REX Ger smsnpeearitCostsANDOpenes'PosseBreLry or do.GeenaoyHuerva,22 Sere PoweToWestaSincerely,HoteBoxONSE6686 The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionlineareality.We need this line because:xt vi ff cinta Af/[ow tsLOLIMACosts¢re orl Kwon7£2 he kia A Jon»erm 2 cow LL4aowdteOOMAK Dear Mr.Harris,, The people ofthe Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the -Jinancial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: St would wer our Kit.palks ee ofom dvdRilbeltfuer£lee our Diesel Limevetorxtorsterd-by /f yeeded, Sneonivgeed aca Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how thi i ;r this nation and thisultft3alsohowwe.the member/owners of CVEA,live "weofyourheipandsupporttogetatrissionfi built between Gi il benefit from tirelinebene!lennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from thisCreReksUnideveasey...Ap,We wAL nor ee lu ey herby ant pursesNon7?noise bole,PSone OL Prtsely ,[oe Sincerely,14,FusA____ Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and thefinancialsupporoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: sone f fed net cleotictity accur,hustle:baer 2bctrsolati:Loken penphi cL Lather.Lt excl grandestentsww)hack -tapo pee "incerely,Speci (ellen)Pr lihheg othe.Coppi ice ' Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state werebuilt.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We-are asking for your help and support to get a transmission linebuiltbetweenGlennalienandSutton.We will benefit from this line because:-_ow?thelr Sted can Le Lyd<f Le Letter,Linkth hath Sincere ma vz Led: The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionlineareality.We need this line because: d re.Lyecinageay Prtple FAs od phagjheLipp£,Sincerely,Lbs The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: 5 maw 5 Cy Melz oa bhemsr +Aleka Lez Ligh £4,Ls aed a *a meee *_..: . jae -.a7 wag ls tre,Cheepsr bitide p Lhe Px 7 i 7 i ,-Sincerely,"Zed To lie Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionline built.We need it because: ie fir el fh:[Cup emivfaogGin[beta LENnils Jf (e im Crtaw Clee ths,a Pal .(;bo C,7e6 te Le (marae iQ Sincerely,¢L,fe ,Lh The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourkelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: CNA "iklt LAde shakdVald.and al city iznSbaluell° 7 Sincerely,eu Ured Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: "We tee ture $AByneAdT Pewee Cub cVtREnr Diese.Covecprod1 Derr Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionlinebuilt.We need it because: LA Ye KWH,yor ay 8 fo b/Pheg,Ladki,biel Lesa 1200.59LfLObodroYO?gr halo WP PHao/ Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.Itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennatlen and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: BE cove hye fort,Cowlefares+e vteoen C0 INEFFICIENT,AO cosThy.Tis mene Me FAcA Pere arte |PY a Freer Eczcrnie lan Laer t OF ButtressBiciraesv e iT Ndpg.POLLUTANTS |TO Sincerely,, QuR AIK,GRouW?+WATER,Barr DeStefano 1 Bac TRE Trenwe,Box 3293VYarcoez.Ak 99656 Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: d [Se EN WIE 5 sperma (Helpdincerely;; Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your heip and support to get a transmission line built between Giennalien and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because:J Lesa OddWA?Zz WL AL Ae ttatie tetuieuvrlbetta,tlhe deepSeedycited,May "e Lipher tigaae. .he GE LUA Aer talte HOT bees "4 Le ls SaSincerely, Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: CVEA s csiese!genera7ing Cg nto [ht nS is ee Tora ald. i f 7 z ..The Sallen Te Glevotroltler Tra ngjni 8S/0a fae weld fowtr cir prestenl Ax9Od Khir pricl Lewer €esls could premeJe judusT¥9 Sincerely Zi Ct.Pele Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: THE Thr spalSsion ty will 2 Ph UP?Ik int/7,FU Mm,Rew >F Dye .slvie HYRPO PPoyec7s, THE YON?Alte Hes Tithe On Dew & Polhvehle For isos pPe oes BTDOS!WAcek ek DEM pw)Few *to 4 7 7Crusagen1502200[yr Spool Bed4-Sincerély,"Le ee /] TRA vow!rm Sincerely,ek bf tEWEMesowiitener,(ents ZA VA or7r FUR re Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this'line because: v wv. a cy St -\ r v. et jnereases to poy Soy Aeu)diesel plant / 'Sincerely,Dick=h Th Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and thi built.Itis also how we,the member -""* /Sincerely,Lesg tata The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: 4Abywith,)kibecte Trace!Lathe tt tinlrenheh f .f Sincerely,f 'ltd LIE Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: Crome mic Le telagarrcash "82-0-1 £252 BL¢LIC.chk By L24572EneFeyCort?- Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: Lt Dual relesd Al Qume Prtspe.Witt ard phe Le bate sn Tite: SfeS2 Lea.rethD - @ e727 crates 227 27 hrfpc. Sincerely is Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.!tis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennalien and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: HopePuy IT inte eerie out.cocks py PE Lone tnd.I thin bk Jez to eet purr Fhle Dever ARLE AS ITS COSY AAD 4A sxvhit gt foltufon._peré Dorf! Sincerely,Lone Geenarelune The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: warm th fa ef the Tobe only Uf £vE Shuts de wen Toe Divse!l Gen gets Aud ave Tres ently fer Shondwy ex bee vryenfy 7 Sincerely,Ulf Aig Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: We_want the sare consideration as the Yate pavers of Anchorage LSincereLinaLewad ty We NEED youASSISTANE|Tans. Pte Aare Limrglla ie aie Cow -2 Coat of powie Drienge Ae the org,Cant th.7 : ,Sincerel:hake LeprterriscicWegfortheueAoyLsghahnnSenate(CaO rpmtatne Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We.themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and thefinancialsupponoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: ;,4 ''p> LyZSincerely,Kinctihemm The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line vecause: CY za , Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionline built.We need it because: 'Plpane Lupo the doth deMimmatimn.Tinemegin «9 uo fot miscea Uo Iene-tinonheomic.divelp mud'kor Valdez,We fait Okicrd the Ua moniterDITAavNtteyWwetthygWuJuiCAI>Sincerely, Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionlinebuilt,We need it because: WE SHouLD KE spt A park puiy 7VALLEyfetLOSTSwWOULD féle fe peviayy Die NAA WO npdine> WTR rere NUE,SALES Loud ONT FOE STE pO Fh ALAA popuol LYwe nL - v1gern...Sincere Loa -- Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelr,We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and thefinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because:je TO tes,LE Sincerely,Crreey LastsCas Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were built.Itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Giennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: the nfl net hene fit Leen ths /ve. Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: YZ ,5' Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the Jinancial support of the Stat laska.We nged this line because:a)ob.Ltt>>bhlA Wi PES FELL. Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State ofAlaska.We need this line because: This is eywfrt +ve owny with diesepleatssadfeatorsWhrhwillleaveUs_in the dank +eghf For Seal lensths ef;L went en wath in Thumapsen fass,Me Ritaonty ahd oi deun.Trey vit/Fo up.NO TrensmissioyiM-<€!. SEO ae. WS numbers wen't make Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built,We need it because: [ie ned this prigect snl Pe!Lot tlretric Coteslofralace Thank Syase fi Ver asichee tin Sincerely,si ppen ph erSekieheQvy. be Ape it wh roku FheuncneetSILekeTied,ee Lio Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so a@ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: a.uP Sel bie Cth gilhesh,gale Pater ya Lo tletite:20 ech7,7ctere LK he.etl hs Ss htthtented ch, J a Sincerely, Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: Lud litle.dee Tilefigs ype TE Less ete etn EET Shee PE epgMATHDLLERR =,Sincerely,QL and businesses served by CopperidentspPleasehelptheresidentoGlennallentransmissionlineValleyElectricgettheSuttobuilt.2shouldtherouably 'tudyneilabitityaeWhvalGb:flalalle sincere Liertul Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone:we need your help and theAinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska,We need this line because: Grrattionsina auayrting ths sctetie ,WwhehFo do ; Sincerely thal {Quadse Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,the memberfowners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and thefinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: Pe ee ee pe or hible eet Sosy ¢-__cath.Ki eborde ef.moet7 .:tet f Z pecedal Lhe Se eee PRAranys f pai ce a alate 4H hone.te Le 7 met, Sincerely,£ The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality,We need this line because: Sik'S Us Oasys Qe ey prnw ih S Leckie¥.rom pT "Pt AON beeTivg Fuel Pek movil sw THE wwe mowths ,yeally Apoval To.mf.By Conechwg THE Tee?ZT wovls)BevelyTHECommvuit¢Also yedvee Ae PotuTinwClgQkCHitpRowSamihwesTQLockfowAen Te: CaSincerely,on. Marvy M.fox The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionlineareality.We need this line because: +oo rya.A .yan rene Sincerely,en eeewh- Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state werebuilt.It is aiso how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission linebuiltbetweenGiennallenandSutton.We will benefit from thislinebecause: Sincerely, Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state werebuiltitisalsohowwe,the member/owners of CVEA,live..WeareaskingforyourhelpandsupporttogetatransmissionlinebuiltbetweenGlennallenandSutton.We will benefit from this line because:. arSulb{iit;of e; Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper :Dear Mr.Harris, Valley Electric The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so[FREESnaeeetReplaeeAhselGeneralor)@ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the ,+a t member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the:t Jinancial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: Limis 1+super if.Sincerel = Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper.The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley ElectricValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionlineneedyourhelpandsupporttomaketheSuttontoGlennallenbuilt.We needitbecause:transmission lineareality.We need this line because:Lheretily MAA Le.Sues :Sas Ase Pogues 2nd"fer_month $lect.Grots -Syyzz.Lhblbity a F200 HE sTueg,Fuel Pek moult zw THEfreJA.24)NOE.)unwiet months r peally Appeal.TO Mf.By Convechwe THi.zaeaTe,ZL would BeveliySHECommunity¢t Also reduc.AR PobuTion ..<<.)>,uu vy ww Lo WA 00,snp Ae Dene a 'Sincerely,Me 1m.&MaRurw M.4 x Dear Mr.Harris, , The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric ;need your help and support to make the Sutton to GlennallenThepeopleoftheCopperValleyandtheCityofValdezneedyourhelpsotransmissionlineareality.We need this line because:a transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the we aye darian ho:financial support of the State ofAlaska.We need this line because:be a NL PAD yy : Wn 8 Qe _-!ttl Daal eee Lifn De.pea ay [mine"Gb.Laclinty «Sincerely,aA °Sincerely,Lev Vielen Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper -_--ODear Mr.Harris,Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line -Neighbor helping neighbdr le how this nation and this state werebuilt.We need it because:.built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.WeweglhelectiveLatintus|Elk Geter Goaton a Suton Wea boseoe[iiseusgeck.Spoatle atch ;__line because: t .my ;Sincerely,m |GC Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state werebuilt.Itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.'WeareaskingforyourhelpandsupporttogetatransmissionlinebuiltbetweenGiennallenandSutton.We will benefit from this line because: Dear Mr.Harms, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theJinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: Llld.VTE.pe THe Btlsone Tec Likes we ta Sat SBpe (EL gE LATE ZA ZVRPRZE PISincerely,2A Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the Cityof Valdez need your help soatransmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the Jinancial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because:. Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and theJinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: Zt pnd fetule 2 pve refirble Qed Less7costlysareeofelatvictySercor.7Coneaevity,Z eveefcl Like te See cetdieselPearrrhivaloxtsshut:ven We ye' omct s 2)/fo eo ype soe,Sincerely,Lite SH WACave Coe” Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: Dear Mr,Harris,| The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the whichTF dot , |le financial support of the Stat.laska.We need this line because: 7WZ be,20 6 2 gp)PME,4 $20 A Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallenfransmissionlinebuilt.: ,Sincerely,Bachasl49unde |' shoul!thorauobl <b Jy Dear Mr.Harris,. ,Idez need your help soThepeopleoftheCopperValleyandtheCityofVaé"i temmnission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the._memberfowners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and tifinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because:te Hopet unk rekweo2(Gis ofLookALSA sincere Linu 7 acooaerlAshheAeuzsl,oi,dh2tattenetstnLoony.ave ak Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so a transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the Jinancial support of the State ofAlaska.We need this line because: Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built.We need it because: We ned His taull ftcijetonl ACh}7LleetricLrducejw.cetrs 2 Thank Yue dir Vlur Cirsidertio Sincerely,POA Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionline built.We need it because: WEF sHouLdD be onl 4 pre LuUTY VALLE y pow (ast5,we WOULe Us”ble 7 pevane Ap AL uo poreoa7_PETRACT vente A duces SALes pwreooar7ssim_tw2 Tue ALASIEA yyy tray Sincerely,Copgyer ComberSkWerAy. Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help'so a transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the financial support of the State ofAlaska.We need this line because: Out nlisd heat Dune mop te Com affLodysor LA hh |; ate SisincerelyLAoa W fore ae ez Sincerely,BZeke.Lover -herve at,hr 'Sete {Cottemust- Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so@transmissionlinecanbebuilttotieCVEAintotheRailbelt.We,themember/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone:we need your help and theJSinancialsupportoftheStateofAlaska.We need this line because: JLo TO Arne,ROB Dear Mr.Harris, The people of the Copper Valley and the City of Valdez need your help so @ transmission line can be built to tie CVEA into the Railbelt.We,the member/owners of CVEA,can't do it alone;we need your help and the Jinancial support of the State of Alaska.We need this line because: tZ,«vo/' Sincerely,ee eeCa4 Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state were 'built.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission line built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: We uifl net hene Lit from ths Lone. "S73 ay ve ow w,1 a and poators whieh will eave Ur in the dank %doh For Sleat lensths of ese The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line a reality.We need this line because: Me in event of oh ta.Haake oramflerchetxThumpson[ass.Man cerehy."5 numbers won't makepees5°down.They v3t/go up.NO TransriSsio,ine:. ZQ\ass,Cy yCiPE Please help the residents and businesses served by CopperValleyElectricgettheSuttontoGlennallentransmissionline built.We need it because: 'Please duypport the ditty.toHlommatlon.Hanamiudion.«OtuoOnatumiodidUovfong-tivrbcowinic.duveloparort alikoz . Do dant Olen ths dhe,mentary{Ten cag nbn:tthio Thum.»We NEED You RL Sincerely,YUCheAsisTANGE|Tanks. Please help the residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric get the Sutton to Glennallen transmission line built,We need it because: Sur onomin Ge telaaipot LSper:£2£2 SF1 L7Ca A by L252OrnreyCost?-Sfeh2 De cet -ow re BLS Lfa/Gwee77272ered Q7 OZ Leap Sincerely, Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighboris how this nation and this state werebuilt.Itis also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.We are asking for your help and support to get a transmission linebuiltbetweenGlennallenandSutton.We will benefit from this line because: Horeruty 17 bite perc ove.costs ji)THE Long nud 2 nk be verofo cet nur foe nee fern.Asst /s Coster AnDAsrvkié.ot folwupon.__pete Dart! Si ly,Len GtpncduatsIncerely<. The residents and businesses served by Copper Valley Electric need your help and support to make the Sutton to Glennallentransmissionlineareality.We need this line because: Lam th favor of the Znterhe Oniy.L£é LVESA Shits downy The Diesel Gensets Bnd Voes Them only for Stand y 6 -kmcergenly IJuyhates 7 7 7 7 Sincerely,Ww W dala . Dear Mr.Harris, Neighbor helping neighbor is how this nation and this state werebuilt.It is also how we,the member/owners of CVEA,live.Weareaskingforyourhelpandsupporttogetatransmissionline 'built between Glennallen and Sutton.We will benefit from this line because: We want the same consideration as 'the ratepayers of AnchorageS pf. 7 pac RECEIVep DOCUMENTA'TION OF PUBLIC COMMENTS MAR 2ALASKAENERGYAUTHORITY-MAT €6 1993 COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY =ALASKa ENERGY AUTHORITY You are invited to comment on the proposed Copper Valley Intertie Project which would consist of a 138-kV electric transmission line from Sutton to Glennallen.The Alaska Energy Authority is conducting the first Phase o*a plsnned two-phase feasibility study of the Intertie.Two sets of public meetings will be held in Phase 1 at which comments may be voiced.Phase 2 of the feasibility study will follow in the second half of 1993,if funding permits,and would include one additional set of public meetings. The comments of all parties who may b=effec'ed by the construction and o;eation of the Intertie are important to the sd Verhol eemrecrte uit)he ses dod nt eect gel tee mamaris For ditiss thie agmeenct chase in eenided as a convenience to aay party wishing to com.cut.However,use of this comment sheet is not necessary in ord :r for you:comments to be considere¢.We recuest tha'any comsuents be as specific and detailed as possible.Do oct feos}linaited Ly the space provided;sttach sdditiony slveis as necessary.Attached for your reference sre seven map?s.owing two preliminary rovie alternatives identified an a siartiug point for the feasibility study. k ease.submit your coraments as suon es ¢.uctice!to the following: Mz.Richard Emersan Alosi:a Energy At-uority P.C.Box .7085¢ Auchorage,AX GSS19-035¢ Trz.-weats wiil be wcluded iz the spor:nrovi fed they ere received et least two weeks prior to tus publication of ile 1eqc.ts.Tertative dates are Ju-e 15,19%for the Piast t report and October 1,1993 for the dre Phars 2 1229.4. Narne of Pezson Commenting:-Mar14 UaK mm ee ee ee Mcilisg Address:--é.0,£0 xX _2 Ye ----..dn thon .AK FI674¢a..-- COMMENTS SEE ATTACHED LETTER Continued on Back Mark Clark Ne SEYY Se/3 TIN RBE Sunref AerVelie 3 fondowners "4 ve PCotess of busldiiny bat ave tot fore LW Sep To poe TE Oe fe oe RSSiM7ooresmyaeSe 8 e LEGEND 5 i oe Sew.qemu ALTERNATIVE ROUTE 1 (PRELIMINARY | Curerarurcrerarmare ALTERNATIVE ROUTE 2 (PRELIMINARY 1 °4 2 3 --_-= .SCALE:£02,980 i ,ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY APPENDIX C RESOLUTIONS COPPER VALLEY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL RESOLUTION 93-007 SUPPORT FOR THE THE SUTTON TO GLENNALLEN INTERTIE WHEREAS,the Copper Valley Economic Development Council is a nonprofit corporation with the State of Alaska,and was formed as a partnership of the public and private sectors of the Copper Valley region of Alaska to address the economic problems and potential growth of the region;and WHEREAS,the Copper Valley Economic Development Council Board of Directors recognize the major limiting factor to economic development within the Copper Valley region is the high cost of electrical power;and WHEREAS,the residents and businesses in the Copper Valley region receive central station service from Copper Valley Electric Association,Inc.,and pay some of thehighestunsubsidizedratesintheStateofAlaska;and WHEREAS,Copper Valley Electric Association has continually looked for ways to reduce the cost of power in this region and has determined to date that the only permanent -fix to the rate situation would be the Sutton to Glennallen intertie,connecting Copper Valley residents to the Railbelt grid;and WHEREAS,stable or reduced electrical rates would support the economic development within our region,it would entice new businesses as well as encourage current businesses to expand,as identified in our Economic Development Plan;now therefore BE IT RESOLVED,the Copper Valley Economic Development Council supports Copper Valley Electric Association's efforts and respectfully requests the Department of Community and Regional Affairs;Division of Energy to support and approve the loan funding for the design and construction of the Sutton to Glennallen intertie. Approved and signed this 27th day of October,1993,in Glennallen,Alaska. Secretary (attest)President (seal) CHICKALOON VILLAGE TRADITIONAL COUNCIL P.O.BOX 1105 CHICKALOON,AK 99645 (907)745-0707 (FAX)745-0606 RESOLUTION 93-07-03 IN OPPOSTTION TO THE PROPOSED COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE WHEREAS,Chickaloon Village is a distinct,independent traditional community,and is exercising powers of self- government by reason of its original traditional tribal sovereignty passed down from its ancestors since time immemorial;and "WHEREAS,the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council is the governing body of Chickaloon Village as recognized by Chickaloon Village and the United States of America;and WHEREAS,the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council is responsible for protecting the health and well being of Chickaloon's present and future members;and WHEREAS,the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council isalsoresponsiblefortheprotectionofthelands,waters, plants and animals.within Chickaloon's traditional land and subsistence use areas;and WHEREAS,the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council is deeply concerned about the potential threats to humans, plants and animals of the proposed "Copper Valley Intertie" Project presently being studied and developed by the Alaska Energy Authority;and , WHEREAS,the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council is aware of reports linking high voltage lines such as the one proposed with serious health problems including cancer and birth defects in both humans and.animals;and WHEREAS,the current proposed route for the Intertie passes directly through the traditional lands and subsistence use area of Chickaloon Village,and its construction would cause disruption to the subsistence activities of village members as well as produce a serious detriment to the natural appearance and physical beauty of the area;and WHEREAS,Chickaloon Village representatives have recently attended hearings on this issue conducted by the Alaska Energy Authority and have been joined in their opposition by the great majority of other Matanuska Valley residents in attendance,yet the State of Alaska Legislature continues to proceed with these plans despite the strong public outery from this area. THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council hereby formally resolves to oppose the construction of the Sutton to Glennallen "Copper Vali» Intertie",and will use every legal means ai it:fiswee:. prevent the cenetruction of this Line:anc BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED,that the Chickaloon Village Traditional Council instructs Chickaloon's Tribal Legal Coordinator and the Chickaloon Village Environmental Protection Program to continue monitoring this situation, communicating our opposition to State and other involved officials,and to make further recommendations to the Council regarding its options and alternatives for action in this Matter;and AND BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that Chickaloon Village Traditional Council authorizes a respesentative(s)from the Chickaloon Village Environmental Protection Program to meet with our relatives in the Copper Valley area Villages to discuss our concerns in this matter which is of great importance to all concerned. DULY CONSIDERED AND APPROVED JULY 3,1993 Alan Larson Tribal Chairman George Ondola Tribal Elder he Katherine Wade Tribal Elder Gary Harvison Tribal Areasurer Alan Larson Jr. Tribal Secretary THE GREATER SUTTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE P.O.Box 24 Sutton,Alaska 99674 {Stansted val -A RESOLUTION OF THE GREATER SOTTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE CONCERNING THE PROPOSED COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FROM SUTTON TO GLENNALLEN ., WHEREAS,the initial Copper Valley intertie proposal of 1989 was soundly opposed by residents along the Glenn Highway corridor;and WHEREAS,the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly resolved not to support the proposal of 1989 through Resolution 89-113;and WHEREAS,the area involved by the proposed intertie still relies on tourism and the scenic beauty asa source of economy;and WHEREAS,the negative impact on wildlife habitat and historic trails cannot be entirely remediated;and WHEREAS,the possible health impacts from electromagnetic fields pose avery real fear for local residents that studies have.shown justified. NOW,THEREFORE,BE It RESOLVED that the Sutton Chamber of Commerce recommends that alternative sources for the power needs of the Copper Valley Electric Association be explored and considered for resolving this issue.° ADOPTED by the Greater Sutton Chamber of Commerce this Fifth day of April,1993. Lynne Woods,President ATTEST: Directors RESOLUTION WHERE AS,the Matananuska -Susitna Borough Assembly adoptedresolution89-113(sub)on September 5,1989 concerning the Railbelt Intertie Feasibility Study,draft final report dated April 1989;and:WHERE AS,the assembly expressed therein concerns about the impact of the proposed northeast intertie on private property,habitable structures and scenic resource of the Glenn Highway;andWHEREAS,the community:council of Chickaloon wishes to reiteratethoseconcernsandmoreabouttheproposedintertie's impacts on; -the very popular recreational areas traversed,including sections of the historic Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail and other well used trails.-opening up the Matanuska Moose Range with concomitant impacts onwildlifeandhabitat-an area of outstanding scenic beauty,where the local economy isdependentuponincomefromtourism; -the life style and future of the area as stated in the Chickaloon 'Comprehensive Land Plan . -the acceptance and compliance of a conditional use permit for electrical transmission lines as stated in regulations of the Chickaloon Special Land Use District;-human biological systems by electromagnetic fields,which are still under study...Addionally,the council believes that M.E.A,C.V.B.A and the A.E.A have not researched effective alternatives such as the existing new coal fired generatingfacilityHobbsIndustriesowns30milesfromGlennallen.NOW,THEREFORE,BE IT RESOLVED that the Chickaloon Community Council recomends that the intertie not be built within our planning area. ADOPTED by the Chickaloon Community Council,this 13th day of April 1993. PresidentAEPSie 3.fettaSecretary SUTTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL P.O.BOX 344 SUTTON,AK 99674 RESOLUTION 93-001 A RESOLUTION OF THE SUTTON COMMUNITY COUNCIL CONCERNING THE PROPOSED COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FROM SUTTON TO GLENNALLEN WHEREAS,residents of Sutton and other communities strongly oppose the construction of an intertie to provide additional electric power to Copper Valley Electric Association consumers without appropriate study of feasibility,environmental risks, and alternate sources to provide that same power;and WHEREAS,the request by CVEA to the Alaska Energy Authority to perform a feasibility study does not provide enough funds to do a thorough investigation of alternative power sources but only the study of the "Northeast Intertie"routing along the Glenn Highway corridor;and WHEREAS,this project depends on appropriation of funds from the state of Alaska and thus decisions on the use of public money should be based on scientific data utilizing technologies appropriate for 'the present needs and future impacts of people and environment;and WHEREAS,CVEA appears to..be trying to circumvent thestatutory/regulatory intent for a systematic processof selecting the best ways to meet the state's energy needs through reconnaissance study to feasability study to finance plan to legislative action;and ; WHEREAS,public comment received by this Community Council. values the environmental habitat,personal health,and beauty of the land they have built their homes and businesses over the priority of constructing an intertie and resolve to oppose the project as long as it is being considered. NOW,THEREFORE,BE IT RESOLVED that the Sutton Community Council opposes the Copper Valley Intertie. Adg ted by the Sutton Community Council on this 14 dayofQpn,1993.orca B Auki.AsA Ow Attes 'President -Qkixbicy CC7]pur rtthe 0) MATANUSKA-SUSITNA BOROUGH RESOLUTION SERIAL NO.93-035 A RESOLUTION OF THE MATANUSKA-SUSITNA BOROUGH ASSEMBLY CONCERNING THE ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY. WHEREAS,the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Planning Commission adopted Planning Commission Resolution 93-10 (Sub)on April 5,1993 concerning the Railbelt Intertie Feasibility Study;and . WHEREAS,the Planning Commission expressed therein concerns about the impact of the proposed Northeast Intertie on private property,habitable structures and scenic beauty of the Glenn Highway;and | WHEREAS,the communities of Glacier View,Chickaloon,and Sutton have held multiple public meetings,at which the residents have expressed their concerns;and . WHEREAS,the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly adopted Resolution 89-113 (Sub) on September 5,1989 concerning the Railbelt Intertie Feasibility Study,dated April 1989;and WHEREAS,the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly wishes to reiterate those concerns about the proposed intertie's impacts on health,tourism drawing potential,fish and wildlife habitat,and wetlands,including: °the very popular recreation areas traversed,including sections of the historicChickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail and other well-travelled trails; *opening up the Matanuska Valley Moose Range with concomitant impacts on wildlife habitat;a OS | ¢an area of outstanding natural beauty,where the local economy is dependent upon .income from tourism;and WHEREAS,some scientific studies have suggested significant health impacts from electro-magnetic fields to children living near transmission lines. NOW,THEREFORE,BE IT RESOLVED that the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly recommends that the Alaska Energy Authority shall also study the feasibility of generating electricity in the Copper Valley from other sources including:- °coal; Page 1 of 2 Resolution No.93-035 clk/kv/aese/geistl : °natural gas reserves in the Copper Basin; °natural gas from the proposed Yukon Pacific gas pipeline;and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Matanuska-Susima Borough Assembly recommends that the Alaska Energy Authority investigate the feasibility of upgrading the | electrical transmission lines from Glennallen to Fairbanks to utilize energy produced by the Healy clean coal project and Chugach Electric Association;and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the .Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly recommends that the Alaska Energy Authority perform the feasibility study with the following consideration: Assessment of the EMF hazards at the O'Neil Substation in Sutton,and relocation of the substation if necessary to mitigate EMF health hazards,so any transmission line connected to the substation would not pose a health problem;and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that if all other alternatives are explored and found not be feasible,that the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly recommends that the design and location of the intertie be done in such a way as to mitigate these concerns. ) ADOPTED by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly,this [3 day of ___ Ber ,1993. ERNEST W.BRANNON,Borough Mayor ATTEST: hitidk.0.PrkR LINDA A DAHL,Borough Clerk (SEAL). Page 2 of 2 Resolution No.93-035 elk/kv/asse/geistli MATANUSKA-SUSITNA BOROUGH PLANNING COMMISSION RESOLUTION 93-10 (Substitute) A RESOLUTION OF THE MATANUSKA-SUSITNA BOROUGH PLANNING COMMISSION CONCERNING THE ALASKA ENERGY AUTHORITY COPPER VALLEY INTERTIEFEASIBILITYSTUDY WHEREAS,the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Assembly adopted Resolution 89-113 (Sub) on September 5,1989 concerning the Railbelt Intertie Feasibility Study,Draft Final Report, dated April 1989;and WHEREAS,the Assembly expressed therein concerns about the impact of the proposed Northeast Intertie on private property,habitable structures and scenic beauty of the Glenn Highway;andWHEREAS,the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Planning Commission wishes to reiterate those concerns about the proposed intertie's impacts on health,tourism drawing potential,fish and wildlife habitat,and wetlands,including: @ the very popular recreation areas traversed,including sections of the historic Chickaloon-Knik-Nelchina Trail and other well-travelled trails; ©opening up the Matanuska Valley Moose Range with concomitant impacts on wildlife habitat; @.an area of outstanding natural beauty,where the local economy is dependent upon income from tourism;and '.WHEREAS,some scientific studies have suggested a high incidence of leukemia inchildrenwholivenearpowerlines. NOW,THEREFORE,BE IT RESOLVED that the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Planning Commission recommends that the design and location of the intertie be done in such a way as to mitigate these concerns;and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Planning Commission recommends that the Alaska Energy Authority shall also study the feasibility of generating electricity in the Copper Valley from the following sources: e coal; e natural gas reserves in the Copper Basin; e natural gas from the proposed Yukon Pacific gas pipeline;and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that:the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Planning Commission recommends that the Alaska Energy Authority investigate the feasibility of upgrading the electrical transmission lines from Glennallen to Fairbanks to utilize energy produced by the Healy clean coal project and Chugach Electric Association;and - BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Planning Commission recommends that the'Alaska Energy Authority perform the feasibility study with the following consideration: Assessment of the EMF hazards at the O'Neil Substation in Sutton,and relocation of the substation if necessary to mitigate EMF health hazards,so any transmission line connected to the substation would not pose a health problem;and ADOPTED by the Matanuska-Susitna Borough Planning Commission,this_$1_dayofApo,1993. oxt-Due 4CARLDEPRIESTYChairman ATTEST: LINDA KETCHUM,Planning Clerk . COPPER RIVER SCHOOL DISTRICT RESOLUTION NO.93-06 rt_of th on Glennallen Intertie an the Alaska Energv Authoritv Reorganization Plan WHEREAS,- WHEREAS, WHEREAS, WHEREAS, WHEREAS, WHEREAS, the Copper River School District is located within the Copper River Basin,and is a member/owner of Copper Valley Electric Association,Inc.,and all but twodistrictschoolsreceivecentralstationservicefromCopperValleyElectric Association,Inc.,and Copper Valley Electric Association's members pay among the highest unsubsidized electrical rates in the State of Alaska;and Copper Valley Electric Association has pursued many alternatives to facilitate"rate stability and possibly rate reduction for its member/owners,and as a resultofaneconomicalreassessmentofvariousproposals,it was determined to be inthebestinterestofthemembersthatCopperValleyElectricpursuethefundingforthedesignandconstructionoftheSuttontoGlennallenintertie;and the Sutton to Glennallen intertie will benefit the people of the Copper RiverbasinandtheCopperRiverSchoolDistrict,through future rate stabilization andpossiblyaratereduction,it would reduce or possibly eliminate the need forfossilfuelgenerationandtheexhaustemissions,and would support the economical development of our area;and the Alaska Energy Authority has developed a reorganization plan and wouldutilizethefundsavailableintheRailbeltEnergyFund,the Railbelt IntertieReserveFund,and Bradley Lake Construction fund,and a $20 millionappropriationfromthestatetodevelopaRevolvingFundthatwouldbeusedforStrengtheningtheelectricalintertiegrid,including partial funding forconstructingtheSuttontoGlennallenintertie,supporting the Power EqualizationProgramforthenext20years,and facilitate conservation efforts;and the Alaska Energy Authority reorganization plan acknowledges the Sutton toGlennallenintertieasaviableprojectforthebenefitofAlaskansresidingwithintheCopperValleyElectricAssociationserviceterritories;now THEREFORE,BE IT RESOLVED the Copper River School District Board of EducationsupportsCopperValleyElectricAssociation's efforts and respectfully requeststhe18thLegislaturesupporttheAlaskaEnergyAuthorityReorganizationPlanand/or an appropriation for the funding of the design and construction of the Sutton to Glennallen intertie. Approved dndsigned this 8 day of Libary ,1993 in Glennallen,Alaska. / Ui V Jopf(Devenpo Goon C.Tope urman of the Board Superintendent tf VA mh. Ls , 1 .y s Y"COPPER VALLEY INTERTIE FEASIBILITY STUDY».oan x , aN .se 7 aad Ios i ;vfy.:. «. .1 - .. --a'' .in* .v,'oad wee nt +¢coe }. -f oo x .ye mN ".:,ye .. Peg :a, d.ed an 7 ' Loe "Y ”t o™r , 'an ste ;chs . yoy ,:,aa >.vt ars ,pels a «.ao . ae ,woe Se to font ' i . °w.°fo eye .-. .; 7 ' ,” we ", "oe ees . ;..a - ", -dere te a orn an A -. - . .i . ve ay wo fea ¥'we Tae y 4 :a 2 ' >'>pee'é wor 1 an z a . 1 7 .my - . ./a i . vo oO es oN =:. : % ' \:avs1.; . ;aren, ;- -\ : . a a.Vea, oS =: -.an ey esee ee 4 te an .a 've a L oe *.Appendix "ELECTRIC SYSTEM ANALYSIS BY”'_|POWER TECHNOLOGIES,INC...: Coo A . O-. 7 >a . ue -- ' x8 .* Agios yok .a '1 > ; nes"low Me :, ey dure oot : : ' -3 + : Oey NN ' 8 Nom 'os ¢.po .1 ..' ._-- Power Technologies,Inc.Page 1 ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COPPER VALLEY TRANSMISSION INTERTIE INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of the electrical analysis of the proposed Copper Valley Transmission Intertie.This analysis is part of the Phase I effort outlined in the Alaska Energy Authority's (AEA)RFP.This analysis was performed and documented by Power Technologies,Inc.(PTI)as sub-consultant to R.W.Beck and Associates. As proposed,the intertie would consist of a transmission line from the Pump Station 11 Substation near Glennallen on the Copper Valley Electric Association (CVEA) system to the O'Neill Substation near Sutton on the Matanuska Electric Association (MEA)system (Glennallen-Sutton Intertie).The proposed intertie would be the first interconnection from the small,isolated CVEA system (which extends from Glennallen to Valdez)to the much larger,multi-utility Alaska Railbelt system. The major portion of the proposed Glennallen-Sutton Intertie would be a 138 kV transmission line approximately 134 miles in length.This line would operate at the same nominal voltage as the existing CVEA transmission facilities.A 138/115 kV transformer would also be required at O'Neill to allow interconnection to the MEA transmission system operating at a nominal voltage of 115 kV.For this study,the intertie transformer was assumed to be a 12/16/20 MVA unit.In addition,reactive compensation and switching facilities would be required as part of the interconnection. The analysis performed on the proposed Glennallen-Sutton Intertie and summarized in this report consists of steady-state power flow,fundamental voltage switching response,and transient stability simulations.This analysis provides a preliminary indication as to the feasibility of the proposed interconnection between CVEA and the Alaska Railbelt system.The analysis considered both pre and post-interconnection characteristics and limitations of the CVEA and Railbelt systems.The pre and post- interconnection analysis allows the impact of the intertie (positive &negative)on both the CVEA and Railbelt systems to be assessed. The results of this analysis are presented in two sections.The first section of this report presents the results of the steady-state power flow and fundamental voltage switching simulations.This includes a description of the power flow data and system conditions evaluated.The second section of this report presents the results of the dynamics simulations.This section also describes the dynamics modeling and conditions considered in the dynamics simulations. Power Technologies,Inc. . Page 2 SUMMARY Switching study simulations show that with the proper reactive compensation, energization of the intertie is feasible from either the Railbelt or the CVEA system. This applies for peak and system low load conditions on both systems and for different generation dispatches on the CVEA system.Switching voltage performance is better when the intertie is energized from the Railbelt system due to its size.The Railbelt system is the preferred source for line energization given no other operating constraints.Moreover,energization of the intertie from the CVEA system would serve no purpose other than to allow service to a small amount of MEA load in the event of a prolonged service interruption to MEA. A 10 Mvar line-connected,shunt reactor at the Glennallen end of the intertie is required to provide acceptable line energization and steady-state voltage performance. Based on system voltage profiles for Winter Peak load conditions with up to a 10 MW power transfers into CVEA (the maximum studied),the line-connected,shunt reactor at the Glennallen end of the intertie does not have to be switched. The results of the steady-state power flow analysis show that the interconnection of the CVEA and Railbelt systems by the proposed 138 kV line is technically feasible. The Glennallen-Sutton Intertie provides acceptable steady-state performance under the various load level,power transfer and generation dispatches analyzed. The Glennallen-Sutton Intertie does not degrade the performance of the MEA system in terms of voltage (low or high)during line outages or open breaker conditions.The MEA system without the intertie performs approximately the same as the system with the intertie when transferring 10 MW to the CVEA system.For the lower transfer conditions,the voltage performance of the MEA system is better with the intertie than it is without the intertie. The Glennallen-Sutton Intertie will only marginally affect potential line overloading situations on the MEA 115 kV system.Other factors within the Railbelt system can far more significantly influence overloads on the MEA 115 kV system than theproposedintertie. The interconnected CVEA-Railbelt system exhibits stable dynamic response for non- islanding disturbances in either system.The CVEA system is stable for such disturbances under Winter Peak load conditions and operating with a broad rangeofgenerationdispatchandimportconditions.Disturbancesin the CVEA system donotsignificantlyeffecttheMEAsystemtowhichtheCVEAsystemwouldbeinterconnected. The Railbelt system is subject to instability across the Northern Intertie for loss of the Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line with moderately large transfers (i.e.,about 40 MW)to the north.The Glennallen-Sutton Intertie does not significantly effect the Northern Intertie transfer stability limit.With the intertie,a 10 MW transfer to CVEA will decrease the Northern Intertie transfer stability limit by about 2 MW. Power Technologies,Inc.Page 3 However,without any power transfer to CVEA,the intertie increases the Northern Intertie transfer stability limit by about 2 MW.The net stability impact from the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie is insignificant considering that the Northern Intertie often operated far above its transfer stability limit. The reliability of the CVEA system will be impacted by the proposed intertie,and may be more prone to total or partial black outs as a result of interconnected operation.This reliability impact is the natural consequence of changing internal generation dispatch and relying heavily on the intertie.However,the intertie will make the CVEA system immune from loss of load due to loss of internal generating units.Thus,the intertie will both improve and degrade the reliability of the CVEA system based on the perspective from which the reliability is considered. With the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie,the CVEA system will become subject to disturbances affecting the Railbelt system.The most significant of these may be underfrequency situations which occur on the Railbelt following large generation losses.The Railbelt utilities collectively shed load in response to underfrequency conditions on the interconnected Railbelt system.As a consequence of operating as part of this interconnected system,CVEA may also be required to participate in the Railbelt underfrequency load shedding program. Further analysis and development of an underfrequency load shedding scheme in the CVEA system is warranted.This analysis will be required to identify CVEA load shedding needed in response to interconnected CVEA-Railbelt underfrequency . conditions.It is also necessary to develop a load shedding strategy which will allow the CVEA system to maintain service to critical loads for the broad range of .. generation dispatches and import conditions which will be possible with the intertie. The configuration of the 115 kV switching facilities which are required at the Sutton end of the proposed intertie will effect the exposure of the CVEA system to potential islanding disturbances originating in the Railbelt system.Switching Configuration B (discussed below)which is based on placing the 115 kV circuit breaker facilities at MEA's O'Neill Tap Substation is the most effective at reducing CVEA's exposure to islanding.This switching configuration maximizes the benefit of the two-way feed capability offered by the existing MEA 115 kV system.This switching configuration also provides the most benefit to the MEA system in that it reduces the exposure of MEA's loads to interruption due to any single disturbance event on the MEA system. Power Technologies,Inc.Page 4 FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS The initial purpose for the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie is to interconnect the CVEA and Railbelt systems.This allows CVEA to benefit from surplus,less-costly Railbelt energy resources and the reliability benefits of being part of a larger interconnected system.In this initial role,the intertie requirements are relatively limited (power transfer requirements in the 10-20 MW range),and the design requirements for the interconnection facilities are fairly small.However,there are potential future requirements which may influence the design of the initial intertie facilities. Previous long-range plans for the Railbelt system have proposed and considered a .second interconnection between the Anchorage and Fairbanks areas (Sutton- Glennallen-Delta Junction).The Glennallen-Sutton Intertie would form one segment of this proposed transmission interconnection facility.The proposed Anchorage- Fairbanks interconnection would support higher power transfers from Anchorage to Fairbanks.It would also improve overall Railbelt system reliability by providing a back-up to the existing Northern Intertie.. The existing Northern Intertie has steady-state transfer limits of about 70 MW,but dynamic transfer limits are substantially lower.The second intertie would increase both the steady-state and dynamic transfer limits of the Anchorage-Fairbanks interconnection.Steady-state and dynamic transfer limits of 100-120 MW might be possible with the second intertie.Thus,the Glennallen-Sutton line section,as part of such an intertie,could potentially experience loadings in the 100-120 MW range under single contingency conditions.Such loading levels are well above the initial 10-20 MW loading expectations for this line.This would significantly impact conductor sizing,sag limits,voltage drop and losses on this facility. In the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie's initial role,deviation in power transfer levels are small.Thus,the line-connected reactor proposed as part of this intertie does not need to be switched for voltage control purposes.However,as power transfer requirements for the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie increase,switching of the proposed line-connected reactor will likely become necessary.Thus,the initial design and layout of the line- connected reactor should consider and provide for the easy addition of a switching device in the future. The MEA 115 kV system forms one leg of a transmission triangle between Pt. Mackenzie,Teeland and Anchorage.This 115 kV system serves about 85 MW of load. The Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland and Pt.Mackenzie-Anchorage legs of the triangle are 230 kV facilities.Connected radially from Pt.Mackenzie is the Railbelt's largest and least costly generation resource (Beluga).Connected to Anchorage is the largest concentration of load in the Railbelt system.Teeland is the interconnection point to the Fairbanks area,and significant power transfers can occur through this point. Under normal conditions,the entire Beluga plant output can be delivered to the Anchorage loads and to the Teeland interconnection point via the 230 kV facilities. Further,the MEA 115 kV does not experience significant through-flow under normal Power Technologies,Inc.Page 5 conditions.Under normal conditions,the power flows on the MEA 115 kV system are dictated primarily by the loads served from it.. However,for loss of either 230 kV connection out of Pt.Mackenzie,the MEA 115 kV system is subject to excessive through-flow,and generation at Beluga may have to be curtailed.This can elevate flows on the 115 kV system to excessive levels and can result in overloading on these facilities.Additional demands placed on the MEA system by the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie (either for deliveries to CVEA or transfer associated with the future interconnection to Fairbanks)will further worsen the potential impacts on the MEA 115 kV system.Thus at some point,the combination ofthe Glennallen-Sutton Intertie and the other impacts will necessitate reinforcement of the MEA system. This reinforcement to the MEA system would likely be in the form of a 230 kV transmission connection between Teeland and Anchorage.The interface point to bolster the MEA 115 kV system and to support the demands of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie would likely be at the existing O'Neill Tap 115 kV Substation.A possible configuration for this interface point could be composed of the following A 230/138 kV transformation at the O'Neill Tap A 138/115 kV transformation at the O'Neill Tap °Conversion of the O'Neill Tap-O'Neill 115 kV line to 188 kV Relative to the initial facilities provided as part of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie, this future reinforcement option has the following facility design implications.These implications are discussed in the following paragraphs. A transmission connection to the MEA system of the nature indicated will require 115 kV circuit breaker facilities.Such facilities are proposed as part of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie,and they could be installed at either the O'Neill Tap or the O'Neill Substation (see breaker configuration discussed in report).The O'Neill Tap is the preferred location for these circuit breaker facilities based on the analysis performed in this report for the initial intertie facilities.This future interface requirement further supports the feasibility of this breaker configuration as it would readily provide for termination of the suggested 138/115 kV transformer at the O'Neill Tap. Conversion of the O'Neill Tap to O'Neill 115 kV line to 138 kV will,among other things,require 138 kV termination facilities to be installed at O'Neill.Such termination facilities would only need to consist of line dead-end structures,bus work &supports and disconnect switches.Substation facilities are presently proposed for installation at O'Neill to interface the 138 kV intertie to the existing MEA 115 kV facilities.A portion of these facilities are presently designed for 115 kV operation. However,such equipment could be designed and rated for 1388 kV operation and operated at 115 kV in the initial period.They would then be compatible with the future upgrade of the subject line without alteration or further investment.This option further suggests that 115 kV circuit breaker facilities should not be installed Power Technologies,Inc.Page 6 at O'Neill,but rather should be installed at the O'Neill Tap as suggested above and supported by the analysis performed as part of this study. A 188/115 kV transformer will be required at O'Neill to interconnect the intertie with the MEA 115 kV facilities.This transformer is proposed as a 12/16/20 MVA, OA/FA/FA unit.With future conversion of the O'Neill Tap to O'Neill line to 188 kV as hypothesized above,this transformer would no longer be required.However,a 138/115 kV transformer would be required at the O'Neill Tap as part of the interface of the 230 kV,138 kV and 115 kV facilities.To be of significant benefit for bolstering the MEA 115 kV system,this 138/115 kV transformer would need to have a peak capacity of about 100 MVA.This capacity could be provided in the form of a single, large transformer or two 'half-size'transformers operated in parallel.A 'half-size' transformer could thus have a rating of 30/40/50 MVA,OA/FA/FA and meet therequirements.) A transformer of this size could be purchased (without the forced air cooling equipment)for the initial interconnection and utilized a the O'Neill Substation.It could later be relocated to the O'Neill Tap,and the cooling equipment could then be installed.A second 'half-size'unit could then be purchased and operated in parallel. Although this would slightly increase the transformation cost for the initial intertie, it would provide a transformer of sufficient size which is useable in the network.The larger transformer would,however,have an immediate benefit in that it would have lower losses than the proposed 12/16/20 MVA unit and would thus result in some operating savings.© The factors related to the future use and requirements of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie should be considered and addressed in the evaluation and design of the proposed intertie.This does,however,create a dilemma which is difficult to resolve. This dilemma is in effect a 'double-edge sword'.Incorporation of future use requirements into the initial design of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie will escalate the initial cost of the facility.Without reasonable expectation that such future use requirements will ever arise,the additional expenditure in the intertie may be unwarranted and may compromise the economic viability of the initial facility. However,failure to adequately consider and incorporate future requirements in the initial design may render the facility unusable as part of the future interconnection without significant additional expenditure (i.e,for conductor replacement,increased sag clearances,etc.).This could then compromise the economic viability and feasibility of the long-range transmission interconnection plan. The Glennallen-Sutton Intertie,although proposed by CVEA solely for its benefit,has potential long-range uses which may be of benefit and interest to other Railbelt utilities.Construction of the Glennallen-Sutton 138 kV line by CVEA may increase the feasibility of another utility constructing of the Glennallen-Delta Junction 188 kV line.However,the feasibility of constructing the Glennallen-Delta Junction line may hinge on the capabilities designed into the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie. Consultation with adjacent utilities would be prudent to explore and identify common Power Technologies,Inc. ) Page 7 needs and interests in the Glennallen-Sutton and Glennallen-Delta Junction transmission interconnections.Such discussions could identify cost sharing options by other utilities for incremental enhancements (e.g.,larger conductor,larger transformer,etc.)in the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie.These incremental improvements by others could marginally improve the CVEA's economic feasibility . for the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie (due to lower losses).Further,it could have long- range benefits to CVEA by increasing the likelihood that the Glennallen-Delta Junction line would be constructed.This would provide a two-way transmission connection from the Railbelt to the CVEA system and would enhance the reliability of CVEA's interconnection.It would also provide transaction capabilities with additional Railbelt utilities. Power Technologies,Inc. : Page 8 POWER FLOW &SWITCHING ANALYSIS Data Base &Simulation Conditions The power flow data base developed for the CVEA system was based on a preliminary model established by AEA.This model was updated and modified to represent the CVEA system configuration and conditions as appropriate for this study.The updated model utilized the best available information as provided by CVEA,and reasonable assumptions were made where actual data was not available. The CVEA data base represents the entire CVEA system down to the first major distribution bus (i.e.,12.5 kV or 4.16 kV)at the significant load points in the system. It also represents the existing,fixed generating units.The model represents only the positive sequence network.The CVEA system data base includes the proposed 138 kV transmission line and 138/115 kV transformer at the Sutton interconnection point with the MEA system. Prior to commencing this study,a detailed data base of the Railbelt system had been developed and maintained PTI in conjunction with other studies performed for AEA. The existing Railbelt data base was used with only minor modification for this study, and the CVEA data base was appended to the Railbelt data base to form an integrated power flow model data base. The power flow data base for the interconnected CVEA-Railbelt system is in PTTs Power System Simulator for Engineers (PSS/E)data format.The listing of the data for the CVEA portion of the data base is presented in Appendix A.Data for the Railbelt portion of the data base was not included due to its size and since this data . has been reported in other studies performed for AEA. For this study,the interconnected system was analyzed under two loading conditions. The two conditions are as shown in the following table. Loading Condition |Railbelt System |CVEA System Load (MW)Load (MW) Winter Peak 580 12.2 |System Low 254 6.5 The Winter Peak load condition is indicative of the maximum loading conditions on the two systems.It was selected in order to analyze the system under it most stressed state where low voltage,line overloading,and stability problems would most likely occur. The System Low load condition is indicative of a minimum loading condition (such as would occur in the spring or fall)on the two systems.The System Low conditions was selected to analyze system steady-state performance when high voltage would Power Technologies,Inc.;Page 9 most likely be a problem.This loading condition was also selected to assess the reactive compensation requirements for the 134 mile long,138 kV transmission line. For the Winter Peak load condition,several dispatches were considered for the CVEA system.These generation dispatches are summarized in Appendix B.These dispatches were established to represent the day to night generation shift presently used as well as a predominantly hydro generation scenario which might likely occur with the intertie in service.Also,generation dispatches were selected for the interconnected conditions to represent moderate and large imports into the CVEA system. For the System Low loading condition,two generation dispatches were analyzed for the CVEA system.Both dispatches represented a zero transfer between the Railbelt and CVEA system and attempted to maximize the voltages which could exist on the interconnected system.One dispatch was a predominantly hydro dispatch and was utilized only for switching studies.These generation dispatches are also summarized in Appendix B. For the Railbelt system,generation dispatches utilized for the Winter Peak and System Low loading conditions are indicative of that presently used in the Railbelt system.This dispatch includes the Bradley Lake hydro generation in both load conditions.This dispatch also assumes only modest levels of power transfer from the Anchorage area to the Fairbanks area.Except for a few cases specifically established to evaluate the Anchorage to Fairbanks transfer stability limit,the Anchorage to Fairbanks transfer is as shown in the following table. Anchorage To Fairbanks Power Transfer Loading Condition |Transfer Winter Peak 20.0 MW System Low 15.5 MW For the Winter Peak load condition,the transfer is approximately equal to GVEA's (Golden Valley)firm power allocation from Bradley Lake based on Bradley operating at the 120 MW output level.For the System Low load condition,the transfer is composed of GVEA's Bradley Lake allocation (for 50 MW Bradley output)plus economy energy necessary to supplement the base-load,coal fired generation in the Fairbanks area. Discussion of Switching Simulations . Switching simulations were performed first to determine the requirements for reactive compensation on the Glennallen-Sutton 138 kV line.These simulations evaluated reactive compensation levels based on both energization 'transient'and post-energization,steady-state conditions.These simulations considered energization of the intertie from each end under both Winter Peak and System.Low load Power Technologies,Inc.Page 10 conditions.Several reactive compensation levels and reactor locations were analyzed. Intertie energization from the CVEA system also considered different generation dispatches for the two load conditions.However,only the 'no compensation' simulations and simulations for the final reactive compensation option have been summarized in this report.These are noted below,and the results are shown in Appendix C. INTERTIE ENERGIZATION LOAD/DISPATCH CONDITIONS REPORTED From Railbelt System e Winter Peak Load -with &without reactor °System Low Load -with &without reactor From CVEA System Winter Peak Day Dispatch -with &without reactor Winter Peak Hydro Dispatch -with &without reactor System Low Mixed Dispatch -with &without reactor System Low Hydro Dispatch -with &without reactor Each case is illustrated by three power flow one-line diagrams.The first one-line represents the condition just prior to energization (t=0).The second one-line represents the system condition just after energization,but before flux levels in the generators have changed (t=0*).The last one-line represents the system condition after energization and after generator voltage regulator action has occurred and the system has reached a new steady-state operating condition. Analysis of these switching cases indicates that energization of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie from either end is not a problem if a 10 Mvar line-connected shunt reactor is installed at Glennallen.Voltages are lower if the line is energized from the Railbelt system.This is because the Railbelt is electrically 'stiffer'than the CVEA system. Discussion of Steady-State Power Flow Simulations A numberof post-contingency power flow simulations were performed to determinetheeffectoftheintertieontheMEAsystem.These simulations analyzed the MEA system voltage and line loading levels with and without the intertie in service.The analysis consisted of developing the base case in which the system is initially operating in a normal condition and then subjecting it to a single contingency.The contingencies simulated represented line outage and open-ended line conditions such as would occur for an open breaker. The results are shown in one-line power flow diagram form in the appendices and grouped by system load,intertie condition and transfer level as noted below. Appendix D:Winter Peak,no intertie Power Technologies,Inc.Page 11 Appendix E:Winter Peak,intertie with 0 MW transfer Appendix F:Winter Peak,5 MW transfer to CVEA Appendix G:Winter Peak,10 MW transfer to CVEA Appendix H:System Low,no intertie Appendix I:System Low,intertie with 0 MW transfer All the simulations utilized the same basic Railbelt generation dispatch for each load level.For transfers to the CVEA system,the additional generation in the Railbelt system was supplied from the Beluga plant.For all cases,the 10 Mvar line- connected shunt reactor,identified from the switching studies and discussed above, was in service at the Glennallen end of the 138 kV intertie. For the Winter Peak conditions,the contingencies that were studied consisted of the following: 1)Loss of the 230 kV line between Point Mackenzie and Teeland 2)The 115 kV breaker open at AMLP Plant 2 3)The 115 kV north breaker open at Eklutna 4)The 115 kV breaker open at Teeland 5)Loss of the 115 kV line between AMLP Plant 2 and Eklutna 6)Loss of the 115 kV line between Teeland and O'neill Tap 7)Loss of the 115 kV line between Eklutna and O'neill Tap Of the above contingencies,three of these resulted in the most significant drop in voltages on the MEA system:) °Loss of the Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line °The 115 kV breaker open at AMLP Plant 2 °The 115 kV breaker open at Teeland The largest voltage drop for each of these three contingencies is given in the table below.For the MEA system,the worst contingency is the opening of the Teeland 115 kV breaker which leaves all of the MEA load fed radially from the AMLP Plant 2. This is the only contingency which resulted in voltages exceeding the Railbelt criteria level.However,this contingency resulted in criteria being exceeded even without the intertie.The Railbelt criteria require that post-contingency steady-state voltages must settle within 5%of their pre-contingency value. As indicated in the table below,the intertie does not adversely affect voltages on the MEA system.The voltage profile of the MEA system without the intertie and with .the intertie,but transferring 10 MW,is approximately the same.With intertie transfers of 5 MW or less,the voltage drop was less than in the cases.without the intertie.Thus,the line capacitance of the intertie can have a benefit to the MEA system from a voltage support perspective. Power Technologies,Inc.Page 12 |Largest Voltage Drop on MEA 115 kV System (pu) Contingency |No Tie |Tie-0 MW |Tie-5 MW |Tie -10 MWTransferTransferTransfer Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 0.042 0.038 0.043 0.045 Plant 2 breaker open 0.041 0.034 0.036 0.041 Teeland breaker open 0.062 0.047 0.052 0.061 The results of the power flow simulations do not show line loadings on the MEA system to be a problem for the conditions studied.The largest line loading occurred on the AMLP Plant 2 to Briggs Tap 115 kV line.This occurred for the outage of the Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line.With the intertie in service and transferring 10 MW to CVEA,this 115 kV line loading was 100 MVA.Without the intertie,this loading was only 89 MVA.Both loadings are within the 120 MVA thermal conductor rating assumed for this line. Based on the configuration of the Railbelt and MEA systems,loadings on the MEA 115 kV system for outage of the Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line can be extreme. Cases could have been developed (without the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie)which would have resulted in excessive overloads on the MEA 115 kV system.Such cases with the intertie and transferring power to CVEA would have shown larger overloads (this would be the same effect as higher MEA loads).However,loadings on the MEA.115 kV system are more significantly impacted by power transfers from AnchoragetoFairbanksandthelevelofgenerationattheEklutnaHydroplant.Thus,althoughtheGlennallen-Sutton Intertie will have an impact on MEA 115 kV line loadings,the impact from this intertie is very small compared to other factors which can influence the loading on the MEA system. For the Railbelt System Low load condition,the following contingencies were also analyzed.These contingencies were considered to identify any high voltage problems on the MEA 115 kV system which might be created by the Glennallen-Sutton intertie. 1)The 115 kV breaker open at Teeland 2)The 115 kV breaker open at AMLP Plant 2 3)The 115 kV north breaker open at Eklutna These diagrams show that high voltages are not a problem with or without the intertie.'With the Glennallen-Sutton intertie in service but transferring no power,the voltages on the MEA 115 kV system are at most 1%higher than they are withouttheintertie.Thisis an insignificant influence. Power Technologies,Inc.Page 13 DYNAMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS Dynamics Models &System Configuration The data base for supporting the dynamic simulations performed as part of this study is composed of time-domain response models of the generators,excitation systems and turbine-governors associated with each of the generating units on the CVEA system.The modelling of generating equipment on the CVEA system was based on data received from AEA and CVEA.This data consisted primarily of generator rating,impedances and time constants obtained from manufacturer's data.In cases where data was unavailable (such as for some of the generator parameters and nearly all of the exciters and governors),reasonable data estimates were made based on known information for similar types of generating units. As with the power flow data base used in this study,PTI had developed an extensive dynamics model data base of the Railbelt system in conjunction with other studies performed for AEA.The CVEA dynamics model data was combined with the dynamic data for the Railbelt system to form the integrated dynamics model data base for this study.This dynamics data is in PTT's PSS/E dynamics data format.A listing of the dynamics models and associated data for all the generating units on the CVEA system is presented in Appendix AA. After development of excitation and turbine-governor models for the CVEA generators,the data was validated through off-line tests prior to incorporation in the dynamics data base.These tests demonstrate the reasonableness of the model parameters used to represent such equipment.The results from the excitation system response tests are given in Appendix BB.The results from the turbine- governor response tests are given in Appendix CC. These tests indicate that the models are stable in the off-line mode.Models which exhibit stable response in the off-line mode will provide stable response when part of an interconnected system.It should be noted,however,that these tests do not confirm or verify the accuracy with which these models represent the actual equipment.These tests merely establish that the models exhibit reasonable response characteristics.Much more data collection effort and field testing would be required to fully verify the accuracy and validity of the dynamic models developed for the CVEA generating equipment as part of this study. System stability problems generally occur when power transfers and system load levels are high,and when the potential for regional generation/load imbalances are the greatest.Therefore,the dynamic simulations performed for this study utilized only the Winter Peak load condition with the various generation dispatches noted in Appendix B. The dynamics simulations also considered system configurations (i.e.,circuit breaker location)associated with the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie which could Power Technologies,Inc.Page 14 influence the dynamic response of the interconnected system.Two breaker arrangements were assumed in the dynamics simulations performed in this study: Configuration A:3-breaker 115 kV switching station at O'neill (Sutton) Configuration B:3-breaker 115 kV switching station at O'neill Tap These two configurations are illustrated below.These breaker configurations affect the system response for only some contingencies studied.Thus,where the breaker arrangement does affect the dynamic response,it is explicitly identified in the study discussion. O'NEILL LOAD , - ,438 kV TOO'NEILL 415-138 KV GLENNALLEN TO aa >TOLAZELLELUCAS O'NEILL TAP 415 kV CONFIGURATION A O 'NEILL LOAD L$.> O'NEILL 438 kV TO 4415-138 KV GLENNALLEN TO o i o TO LAZELLE LUCAS O 'NEILL TAP 415 kV CONFIGURATION B Power Technologies,Inc.Page 15 Discussion of Intertie Effect on Railbelt Transfers As notedin the power flow section of the report,the outage of the Pt.Mackenzie- Teeland 230 kV line can significantly impact the loading on the MEA 115 kV system.The degree of impact from this outage is related to the magnitude of the power transfers from Anchorage to Fairbanks.The 230 kV outage along with high power transfers from Anchorage to Fairbanks can effect the stability of theAnchorage-Fairbanks interconnection (Northern Intertie). To determine what effect the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie has on the Northern Intertie stability limit,several dynamics simulations were run with and without the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie in service.These simulations considered a 4-cycle fault at Point Mackenzie with the subsequent trip of the Point Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line.These simulations also considered Anchorage to Fairbanks transfers which are above the present firm power transfer (i.e.,GVEA's Bradley Lake allocation)requirements of the Northern Intertie.The plots from these simulations are shown in Appendix DD.The following table summarizes the results. Northern Intertie Stability Limit for Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV Outages Under Anchorage to Fairbanks Power Transfer Conditions , System Condition Transient Stability Transfer Limit No Glennallen-Sutton Intertie 42 MW Glennallen-Sutton Intertie with 44 MW 0 MW transfer to CVEA Glennallen-Sutton Intertie with 43 MW 5 MW transfer to CVEA Glennallen-Sutton Intertie with 40 MW 10 MW transfer to CVEA The intertie with a 10 MW transfer to CVEA decreases the stability margin for Anchorage to Fairbanks transfers by 2 MW.However,the intertie.with lesser transfers to CVEA slightly increases the stability margin.Therefore the effect from the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie on the Northern Intertie transfer stability margin is negligible.Further,the steady-state transfer levels from Anchorage to Fairbanks can be as large as 70 MW.Under such conditions,the Northern Intertie is grossly above its stability margin.The Railbelt would be subject to instability following the loss of the Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line regardless of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie.Thus,the 2 MW decrease in the Anchorage- Fairbanks transfer stability margin does not appear to be an overly critical factor. Power Technologies,Inc.;Page 16 Discussion of Effect of Intertie on MEA Of all the Railbelt utilities,the intertie could have the greatest effect on the MEA system.To study this effect,the system must be analyzed from two viewpoints: effect of Railbelt faults on MEA system,with and without the intertie °effect of CVEA faults on the MEA system. The following five disturbances were simulated to assess the effect of Railbelt faults on the MEA system.These disturbances were analyzed for Northern Intertie transfers equal to the present firm requirements (about 20 MW). 1)4-cycle fault at Pt.Mackenzie,loss of Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line 2)4-cycle fault at Eklutna,loss of Eklutna-Plant 2 115 kV line 3)4-cycle fault at Eklutna,loss of Eklutna-Teeland 115 kV line 4)4-cycle fault at O'neill Tap,loss of O'neill Tap-Teeland 115 kV line 5)4-cycle fault at O'neill Tap,loss of O'neill Tap-Eklutna 115 kV line Disturbance item 3 above assumes breaker Configuration A noted earlier. Disturbance items 4 and 5 above assume breaker Configuration B.The plots of these disturbance simulations are given in Appendix EE. The response of the MEA system without the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie versus the response with the intertie carrying minimal flow is approximately the same. The angular swings across the Railbelt system and voltage excursions on the MEA 115 kV system are higher when the intertie is in service and carrying 10 MW. However,the effect of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie on the MEA system forRailbeltdisturbancesisminimal. Appendix FF contains plots showing the effects of CVEA system disturbances on the MEA system.This includes results for only the Winter Peak Day,5 MWImport,and 10 MW Import CVEA generation dispatch conditions.The following disturbances in the CVEA system were examined: 1)4-cycle fault at one Petro Star 25 kV bus 2)4-cycle fault at Meals,trip Meals-PS12 138 kV line 3)4-cycle fault at Glennallen 25 kV bus 4)4-cycle fault at PS11,trip PS11-PS12 138 kV line 5)Loss of Solomon Gulch Unit 1 6)4-cycle,138 kV fault at O'Neill,loss of 188/115 kV transformer The results of these simulations show that faults in the CVEA system haveminimaleffectontheMEAsystem.Of the above disturbances,the most significant disturbance affecting the MEA is the fault on the intertie facilities. However,this disturbance is no more significant than the disturbances originatingontheMEAandRailbeltportionsofthesystem. Power Technologies,Inc. | Page 17 Discussion of Effect of Intertie on CVEATheproposedGlennallen-Sutton Intertie can have both beneficial and detrimentaleffectsontheCVEAsystem.It allows replacement of most,if not all,of the diesel generation normally used in the CVEA system with surplus hydro and natural gas powered generation in the Railbelt.This is an economic benefit driving the consideration of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie. However,from the reliability standpoint,the CVEA system becomes more at risk when it relies on the intertie since it is radially connected from MEA's 115 kV loop.Under moderate to heavy import,loss of the intertie would cause a blackout or significant loss of load on the CVEA system.Further,faults on the CVEA 138 kV lines could island the southern portion of the CVEA system (i.e.,Solomon Gulch and Valdez)and result in significant loss of load regardless of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie.Moreover,the intertie can expose the CVEA system to disturbances (e.g.,Railbelt underfrequency,MEA system faults,etc.)to which it was previously immune. To test the impact of the intertie on the CVEA system,the following CVEA systemdisturbances(as applicable for the specific dispatch scenario)were simulated on the isolated and interconnected CVEA system: 1)4-cycle fault at one Petro Star 25 kV bus 2)4-cycle fault at Meals,trip Meals-PS12 138 kV line 3)4-cycle fault at Glennallen 25 kV bus 4)4-cycle fault at PS11,trip PS11-PS12 138 kV line 5)Loss of Solomon Gulch Hydro Unit 1 6)Loss of Glennallen diesel Unit 6 7)Loss of largest Valdez diesel unit The Winter Peak load condition was used,and the following generation dispatches were analyzed: Peak Day Dispatch Peak Night Dispatch °Predominantly Hydro Dispatch These generation dispatches are listed in Appendix B as noted earlier.It should be noted that the CVEA system does not presently operate with a predominantly hydro generation dispatch.However,with the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie a predominantly hydro dispatch will likely occur.Thus,this dispatch was analyzed for the isolated CVEA system for comparative purposes. Appendix GG contains plots of the response of the isolated CVEA system to the disturbances noted above.The most severe disturbances for the isolated CVEA system are the fault and loss of the 138 kV lines connecting the northern and southern portions of the CVEA system. Power Technologies,Inc.Page 18 Under the Winter Peak Day dispatch,the system can handle losses of the 138 kV lines,which island the two portions of the CVEA system,since fast-response generation (i.e.,diesels)are dispersed in the system.The Valdez island connected to the Solomon Gulch units responds more slowly than the Glennallen island. This is due to the slow governor response and large inertia of the hydro units compared to the diesel units in the Glennallen island.The frequency of the Glennallen island returns to 60 Hz quickly due to the isochronous governor action of the diesels.Also,for the Winter Peak Day case,the system can handle the loss of any generating unit. For the Winter Peak Night scenario,loss of either CVEA 138 kV line results in a significant load and generation imbalance in the Valdez island.This leads to collapse of this island due to the slow governor response from the Solomon Gulch hydro units.However,even under the Winter Peak Night generation dispatch, the isolated CVEA system can handle the loss of any generating unit. The Winter Peak Predominantly Hydro case can only handle minor disturbances such as small load rejections (e.g.,loss of one Petro Star 25 kV bus (serving 1.25 MW)or loss of Valdez Unit 4 (0.4 MW).The other disturbances studied caused severe frequency excursions on the CVEA system. For the analysis of the interconnected CVEA system,the same three Winter Peak dispatch levels noted above were utilized.These dispatches assumed no import into the CVEA system.Two additional scenarios were also studied in which CVEA was importing 5 MW an 10 MW.These two additional dispatches are also listed in Appendix B.The plots from the CVEA interconnected cases are given in Appendix HH. The results from these simulations show that the CVEA system is most reliable with the intertie in service,no power transfer on the intertie,and Winter Peak Day dispatch.As before,the Valdez area can survive outages on the CVEA 138 kV system.Further,the Glennallen portion of the CVEA system (i.e.,the part that remains interconnected with the Railbelt)responds better,in terms of angular swings and voltage deviation,than when the system is isolated.The interconnected system responds better to non-islanding disturbances,such as loss of a unit,than when it is isolated.Loss of the intertie when there is no transfer is also not a problem for the CVEA system under this dispatch condition. For the Winter Peak Night dispatch with the intertie in service,but with no import into the CVEA system,the CVEA system as a whole is stronger than when | it was isolated.However,for loss of the CVEA 138 kV lines,the Valdez area of the system responds no better than without the intertie.However,the remainder of the CVEA system that stays connected to the intertie responds significantly better.The interconnected system responds better to non-islanding disturbances, such as loss of a unit,than when it is isolated.Loss of the intertie with no power transfer is not a problem. Power Technologies,Inc.Page 19 Loss of the intertie does,however,become a problem when the CVEA system is importing power.For loss of the intertie,the entire CVEA system will 'go black'. Loss of any of the CVEA 138 kV lines will result in collapse of the Valdez area. Also,loss of the Glennallen-PS11 25 kV line will cause Glennallen to go blacksincethereisnogenerationinthatislandforthe10MWimportcase.However, for non-islanding disturbances,the CVEA system responds well under power import conditions with minimal internal generation. The response of the CVEA system to a limited number of disturbances in theneighboringRailbeltsystemwasalsosimulated.The disturbances evaluated are summarized as follows: 1)4-cycle fault at Pt.Mackenzie,loss of Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line 2)4-cycle fault at Eklutna,loss of Eklutna-Plant 2 115 kV line 3)4-cycle fault at Eklutna,loss of Eklutna-Teeland 115 kV line 4)4-cycle fault at O'neill Tap,loss of O'neill Tap-Teeland 115 kV line 5)4-cycle fault at O'neill Tap,loss of O'neill Tap-Eklutna 115 kV line These disturbances test the transient stability of the CVEA system when operating as part of the interconnected Railbelt system.These disturbances were run for all of the Winter Peak dispatches listed in Appendix B.The plots from the dynamic simulations of these disturbances are given in Appendix II. The CVEA system can handle all of the non-islanding disturbances occurring in the Railbelt.The only significant Railbelt disturbance for CVEA is the loss of Eklutna-Teeland 115 kV.For this disturbance,breaker Configuration A noted above is assumed.In this case the intertie will be effectively opened,and the MEA load at O'neill will remain with the CVEA system.If there are significant transfers into CVEA or moderate transfers with a predominantly hydro generation dispatch in the CVEA system,the CVEA system will collapse following this disturbance. There are other Railbelt disturbances which globally affect the Railbelt (e.g.,large generation loss).The impact of such disturbances on the CVEA system was not evaluated.Such disturbances would not threaten the transient stability of the CVEA system,but would expose it to the same underfrequency experienced in the Railbelt. Discussion of Intertie Breaker Arrangement As noted and described previously,there are two breaker configurations which were considered in the dynamics simulations.These two configurations differ as to the placement of three 115 kV circuit breakers proposed as part of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie.The significance of the circuit breaker arrangement was shown to be relevant in three Railbelt disturbance situations.These are disturbance Items 3,4 and 5 noted above. The effect of Railbelt disturbance Item 3 (loss of Eklutna-Teeland 115 kV line)was Power Technologies,Inc.Page 20 discussed in the preceding paragraph.As noted,this disturbance assumed breaker Configuration A (115 kV breakers located at the O'Neill Substation).As discussed and as can be observed from the above diagram,this configuration exposes the intertie to continuity failures for any fault occurring on the MEA 115 kV system between O'Neill,Teeland and Eklutna.This exposure consists of 55 miles of 115 kV line with seven tap load substations.Configuration A increases the effective Glennallen-Sutton Intertie exposure by about 41 percent (relative to the intertie's 134 mile length)to 189 line miles. To reduce exposure of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie to disturbances and to preserve its continuity,breaker Configuration B is proposed.It allows for faults along the Eklutna-Teeland 115 kV line to be isolated at the O'Neill Tap Substation without opening the intertie.Since the MEA 115 kV transmission loop can provide two-way feed (i.e.,from either Teeland or Eklutna),breaker Configuration B maximizes the benefit of this two-way feed capability.Under Configuration B,the intertie exposure is only 12 percent more (relative to the intertie's 134 mile length)or 150 line miles with only one tap load substation. This arrangement also benefits the MEA system since it reduces the exposure of MEA's load to disturbances between Eklutna and Teeland. In addition to the increased,effective intertie exposure created the Configuration A,it has a further disadvantage (to the CVEA system)in that disturbances on the MEA 115 kV system will leave MEA's O'Neill load *hanging' on CVEA.Under conditions where imports into CVEA are low or when sufficient diesel generation is on-line in the CVEA system,the CVEA system can handle the MEA load acceptance created under this breaker configuration.However,under heavy import situations or where the CVEA system is operating with a predominantly hydro dispatch,the MEA load acceptance can not be tolerated and it will worsen the effect of the intertie loss on the CVEA system. Breaker Configuration B,however,has one disadvantage compared to Configuration A in that the intertie is exposed to faults at the O'Neill Substation and associated facilities.Depending on the planned location of the 138/115 kV substation installed with the intertie,this exposure may at most consist only of 1-2 miles of 115 kV line and the transformer at the O'Neill Substation.However, such exposure is small compared to the total line and tap load substation exposure to the intertie created under breaker Configuration A. Load Shedding in the CVEA System The CVEA system presently does not utilize underfrequency load shedding. Severe low frequency problems are responded to by tripping all generation on the CVEA system and allowing all load on the system to 'go black'. As shown in many of the dynamic simulations,loss of the proposed Glennallen- Sutton Intertie or outages on the CVEA 138 kV system can result in collapse of all or a portion of the CVEA system.The potential for collapse of the CVEA system Power Technologies,Inc.-Page 21 increases as the power imports become larger and as the amount of on-line diesel generation in the CVEA system is reduced.As noted earlier,with the intertie both situations are likely to exist as they form the economic basis for consideration of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie. Low frequency situations periodically effect the Railbelt system and are the result of generation losses.The Railbelt utilities presently respond to underfrequency situations through underfrequency load shedding.The Railbelt utilities share in the response to underfrequency situations by shedding load in proportion to their total system load.Under interconnected system operation,the CVEA system will also be subject to low frequency conditions originating in the Railbelt system. CVEA will likely be required as part of this interconnection to also share in load shedding response to underfrequency situations. Thus,underfrequency load shedding will be needed in the CVEA system as part of the interconnection.Underfrequency load shedding can also benefit the CVEA system.It will allow CVEA to preserve service to critical loads (e.g.,hospitals, emergency facilities,communications facilities,airports,etc.)when all or a portion of the CVEA system is islanded with limited generation resources. The application of underfrequency load shedding relays was tested for significant islanding disturbances (i.e.,faults on the 188 kV lines which cause large generation.and load imbalances)on the CVEA system.Under high imports where there are few units on-line,and frequency will drop rapidly.Thus, underfrequency load shedding points were selected which were spaced at 1 Hz intervals to allow sufficient opportunity for governor response and to prevent over-. shedding.Three frequency points were chosen for the underfrequency load shedding simulations:59.0 Hz,58.0 Hz,and 57.0 Hz. Simulations were run for four islanding disturbances with underfrequency load shedding.For each disturbance,different levels of CVEA import were considered. The CVEA generation dispatches considered were those which might likely exist under an interconnected system condition (i.e.,limited diesel generation).The disturbances and import/generation dispatch scenarios simulated are summarized as follows: 1)Fault and trip of Glennallen-Sutton Intertie °5 MW CVEA Import °10 MW CVEA Import 2)Fault and trip of PS11-PS12 138 kV line °5 MW CVEA Import °10 MW CVEA Import 3)Fault and trip of PS12-Meals 1388 kV line @ 5 MW CVEA Import °10 MW CVEA Import 4)Fault and trip of Eklutna-Teeland 115 kV line,Configuration A °0 MW CVEA Import,Predominately Hydro Dispatch Power Technologies,Inc.Page 22 The location and amount of load shedding occurring in each stage was estimated based on the expected generation/load imbalance for the various failure modes and generation dispatch conditions.Thus,only one load shedding schedule wassimulatedforthesedisturbances.The plots from these simulations are given in Appendix JJ.. The worst case scenario (as was be expected)is for the import of 10 MW with very little internal CVEA generation.The worst disturbance is the loss of the Glennallen-Sutton Intertie which islands the entire CVEA system.Based on the results of these simulations,a load shedding schedule was developed which can prevent total collapse of the islanded portion of the CVEA system for the 5 MW and 10 MW import cases.However,as observed for disturbance Item 4 above,the load shedding scheme which provided adequate response for the other disturbances over-shed for the small MEA load acceptance placed on the CVEA system as a result of this disturbance. Thus,much additional investigation will be required to develop a load shedding scheme which will provide the proper response under a broad range of islanding and generation/load imbalance conditions.Moreover,investigation into load shedding requirements when operating as part of the interconnected Railbelt system will be required.The intent of this investigation was not to select or design an underfrequency load shedding scheme for the CVEA system,but merely to demonstrate possible load shedding options and system response whenoperatingasaninterconnectedsystem. Power Technologies,Inc.Page 1 SUPPLEMENT TO THE ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COPPER VALLEY TRANSMISSION INTERTIE INTRODUCTION This report is a supplement to the main report on the Electrical Analysis of theCopperValleyTransmissionIntertie.The main report presents the results of the electrical analysis of the proposed Copper Valley Transmission Intertie with the Copper Valley and Railbelt electrical systems operating under present day system load and generation dispatch conditions (initial study).This supplemental study extends the analysis performed in the initial study by considering operation of the proposed intertie facilities under future system load scenarios where transfers into the Copper Valley system are maximized.This analysis is part of the Phase I effort. This analysis was performed and documented by Power Technologies,Inc.(PTI)as sub-consultant to R.W.Beck and Associates. The proposed intertie facilities and study data base were described in the initial study report and form the basis on which this supplemental study is conducted.The analysis performedon the proposed Glennallen-Sutton Intertie and summarized inthisreportconsistsonlyofsteady-state power flow analysis.This analysis provides a preliminary indication as to the capability of the proposed interconnection facilities under future system load scenarios. SUMMARY The results of the steady-state power flow analysis show that the interconnection between the CVEA and Railbelt systems,consisting only of the presently proposed facilities,can provide only modest power transfer capability (about 23 MW)into the CVEA system under system intact conditions.The results demonstrate that the maximum single-contingency,power transfer capability is only slightly above the 10 MW transfer level considered in the initial study.The maximum transfer capability is limited primarily by outage conditions and facility limitations in the Railbelt system. Based on a future loading scenario where both the CVEA and MEA system loads are increased by the same percentage above present winter peak load levels,the transfer limits of the intertie are shown in the following table.These transfer limits are based on either voltage or line loading limitations for the system condition noted.As discussed later,these limits are also based on minimum generation within the CVEA system (only one Solomon Gulch unit on-line). Power Technologies,Inc.Page 2 Intertie Transfer Limits For Future Load Conditions Based On CVEA And MEA Loads Both Scaled System Condition Transfer Limiting Factor Limit System Intact ;.23.7 MW |Voltage on MEA system 115 kV Breaker Open at Teeland 14.9 MW |Voltage on MEA system Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV Out |13.7 MW |Line loading on MEA system The above transfer limits are achievable only by switching off all or nearly all of the line connected shunt reactors (including the 10 Mvar reactor recommended for the intertie)in the CVEA system.This allows the surplus line charging produced in the CVEA system to support voltages on the MEA system.These transfer levels result in var flows from the CVEA to the MEA system of between 12.5 Mvar and 15 Mvar. Based on a future loading scenario where only the CVEA system load is increased (i.e.,no load growth in the MEA system)above present winter peak load levels,the transfer limit of the intertie is shown in the following table.The transfer limit was determined only for a system intact condition.This limit is also based on minimum generation within the CVEA system (only one Solomon Gulch unit on-line). Intertie Transfer Limits For Future Load Conditions Based On Only The CVEA Being Scaled System Condition _Transfer -Limiting Factor Limit |System Intact |27.0 MW |Voltage on CVEA system The above transfer limit is achievable only by switching off all of the line connected shunt reactors (including the 10 Mvar reactor recommended for the intertie)in the CVEA system.This limit is based on the steady-state voltage stability limit being reached at the southern end of the CVEA system.Comparison of this transfer limit with the system intact transfer limit noted in the first table demonstrates the impact of MEA load growth on the intertie transfer capability. Regardless of the load growth scenario assumed (i.e.,CVEA growth only or combined CVEA and MEA growth),system voltage limitations are the dominant factor which limit the transfer capability of the intertie.Further,switching off the majority of theshuntcompensationintheCVEAsystemisnecessarytoreachthelevelsshown. Based on the large difference between the system intact and contingency transfer levels shown in the first table,operation at the system intact level would not be possible without the risk of voltage collapse following a single contingency.As noted,the system intact transfer level shown in the second table is based on reaching the Power Technologies,Inc. | Page 3 steady-state voltage stability limit of the southern CVEA system.At this transfer level,small load changes result in drastic voltage changes.Thus,operation at or near this point would not be possible without the risk of system voltage collapse. Operation at or above the single contingency transfer limits noted would require additional facilities to provide dynamic voltage control (such as static var compensators -SVC)since small load changes result in large voltage changes under the conditions simulated.Depending on the transfer level to which the intertie would be operated,the pattern of future load growth,and minimum generation configurations to be used,one or more SVC would be required.Distributed,modest- sized,switched shunt capacitor additions would also be required on the MEA system in order to support the higher transfers and eliminate the voltage limitations which -have been identified.These would be needed in conjunction with SVCs. The requirement for an SVC becomesa significant consideration for the CVEA system if it is operated with the majority of shunt reactors switched off.Dynamic voltage control will likely be required under such cases to control over voltages following loss of load or other load rejection situations.However,consideration and use of an SVC at Pump Station 11 as part of the interconnection facility would replace the need for the 10 Mvar shunt reactor recommended in the initial study.Further,an SVC would also eliminate the need to provide switching facilities for the existing 138 kV,5 Mvar line reactor at Pump Station 11 in order to accommodate higher power transfers. The contingency transfer limitation shown in the first table and based on line loading limitations in the MEA system (i.e.,for the Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV outage) would not be affected significantly by the addition of SVCs and capacitors.This limitation occurs largely as a result of through-power flows associated with Anchorage to Fairbanks power transfers and higher MEA system loads.Correction of this problem would necessitate either the reconductoring of a significant portion of the 115 kV lines in the MEA system (particularly those between Anchorage and the O'Neill Tap),or the construction of a higher voltage (i.e.,230 kV)transmissionsystemoverlaybetweenTeelandandAnchorage. DISCUSSION Data Base &Simulation Conditions The power flow data base developed for the initial system analysis and reported in the main report was also utilized for this supplemental study.To better define permissible system low voltage operating limits and existing line loading capabilities, additional information was solicited from both CVEA and MEA. Based on information gathered from MEA,the following items summarize the new operating guidelines applicable for and used in this study: °Under system intact conditions,voltages on the MEA 115 kV system should remain at or above 95%. Power Technologies,Inc.'Page 4 °Under single contingency conditions,voltages on the MEA 115 kV system should remain at or above 90%. e The majority of the Plant 2 to Briggs Tap 115 kV line is 954 KCM ACSR conductor and a very minor portion is 397.5 KCM ACSR.The thermal line limit should be based on the larger conductor (i.e.,200 MVA limit). °The remainder of MEA's 115 kV lines have 397.5 KCM ACSR conductor,and the winter thermal limit on these lines is 120 MVA. Based on information gathered from CVEA,the following items summarize the new operating guidelines applicable for and used in this study: °Under all system conditions,voltages on the CVEA 138 kV system should remain at or above 95%. °The CVEA system would always operate with at least one Solomon Gulch hydro unit on-line for area protection and var support. For this supplemental study,the base load condition for the CVEA and MEA systems was assumed to be the winter peak load used in the initial study and shown in the following table:/ Base Winter Peak System Loads 12.2 M™W +j 4.6 Mvar |82.5 MW +j 24.1 Mvar The winter peak base load condition shown above is indicative of the maximum,near- term loading conditions on the two systems.The MEA load shown above represents only that portion of load served from the 115 kV line between the Plant 2 and Teeland substations.In simulating MEA load growth for this study,this is the only portion of the MEA load which was scaled.This is the only portion of the MEA load which significantly effects the voltages and loadings on the 115 kV facilities serving the proposed intertie.The scaling of CVEA and MEA loads in this study is based on | maintaining a constant load power factor (i.e.,vars increased proportional to watts). For the future winter peak load conditions evaluated,only a single CVEA generation dispatch is considered.This dispatch assumes only Solomon Gulch Unit 1 on-line at 2 MW power output.The unit's var output is determined by system voltage regulation requirements.The Railbelt system base generation dispatch is identical to the winter peak dispatch utilizedin the initial study.However,this dispatchis modified to accommodate increased CVEA and MEA loads considered iin this studybyadjustinggenerationattheBelugapowerplant. Power Technologies,Inc.Page 5 Steady-State Power Flow Simulations Several power flow simulations were performed to determine the maximum power transfer capability of the proposed intertie facilities under future system loading conditions.The transfer capability was determined by analyzing system voltage levels and line loading levels based on the guidelines noted above.The analysis consisted of evaluating the system initially operating in a normal,intact condition and then under two different single contingency situations.The contingencies selected were the two worst contingency conditions identified in the initial study. The contingencies simulated are: The MEA 115 kV system open-ended at Teeland °The Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line out of service. The results are shown in the one-line power flow diagrams attached at the end of this supplemental report and are referenced in the following discussion by figure number. For all simulations,the line connected shunt reactors on the CVEA system,including the 10 Mvar line-connected shunt reactor recommended in the initial study for the intertie,were switched off as necessary to offset the low system voltages created by the higher loadings and contingency situations. The initial simulations considering future system loadings utilized the assumption that load growth would occur on an equal percentage basis on both the CVEA and MEA systems.Figures 1A and 1B represent the MEA and CVEA system under an intact condition with the loads scaled about 97%above the near-term winter peak levels.This corresponds to a CVEA load of 24 MW and an MEA load (Anchorage- Teeland portion only)of 162.6 MW.The intertie transfer limit (Sutton-Pump Station 11 line flow)for this condition is identified as 23.7 MW.This limit is based on the low voltage limit of 95%being reached at Lucas on the MEA system.This limit is based on all shunt reactors on the CVEA system being switched off. Figures 2A and 2B represent the MEA system under a single contingency condition where the Teeland-Cottle 115 kV line section is open at Teeland.For this case,the CVEA and MEA loads are scaled about 33%above the near-term winter peak levels. This corresponds to a CVEA load of 16.2 MW and an MEA load of 109.4 MW.The intertie transfer limit for this conditions is identified as 14.9 MW.This limit is based on the low voltage limit of 90%being reached at Cottle on the MEA system.This limitis based on all shunt reactors on the CVEA system,except the 3 Mvar reactoratPumpStation12,being switched off. Figures 3A and 3B represent the Railbelt system under a single contingency condition where the Pt.Mackenzie-Teeland 230 kV line is out of service.For this case,the CVEA and MEA loads are scaled about 24%above the near-term winter peak levels. This corresponds to a CVEA load of 15.1 MW and an MEA load of 102.3 MW.Theintertietransferlimitforthisconditionsisidentifiedas138.7 MW.This limit is based on the Eklutna-Dow 115 kV line section on the MEA system reaching its thermal Power Technologies,Inc.Page 6 limit of 120 MVA.For this case,all shunt reactors on the CVEA system,except the 3 Mvar reactor at Pump Station 12,are switched off. An alternate future system loading scenario is shown in Figures 4A and 4B.This case utilized the assumption that load growth would occur only on the CVEA system. This case represents the MEA and CVEA system under an intact condition.The load on the CVEA system is scaled to about 219%above the near-term winter peak level. This corresponds to a CVEA load of 26.8 MW.The intertie transfer limit for this condition is identified as 27 MW.This limit is based on the low voltage limit of 95% being reached at the 138 kV bus in the Meals Substation on the CVEA system.This limit is based on all shunt reactors on the CVEA system being switched off.This voltage limit is at the steady-state voltage stability limit for the southern CVEA system.Simulations run with a 1%higher CVEA load (not documented in this report)resulted in voltages at the Meals 138 kV bus of about 70%.Power flow model solution convergence failure occurred if loads were scaled any higher. COTTLE HERNING SHAW °olo °o 16 17 18 12 wlo |”%DOUGLASTelise,5 ela q wpa 35))80.5 57.3 42.6 9.3 3.9 0.4Sle.rs le a bet 0.969 Po.963 Yo.957 LAZELLEO.953SiealeBle2s"-28.1 =29.0 29.9 19 "30.=--_-_.Cn)od -_- TEELAND 4:/%1.020 lc TEELAND 0.979 afoberucKy'VEY viv VY IY Yoon og 15 1-26.8 ale 30 -26.9 alsP9722514.7 ONEIL TP 0.951 a nn Xr 31 31.0 gle res I"-"yy <wl 26.4 we2..0P001.0p00 TEELAND 1,026 TEELANDYS”|0,987 "9.5 MZmio1.005 34 |_ 26.9 9968 ee eee LUCAS 0.951Galt{n +170 ojN oj\t om oy 20 731.0oSCaSEyolaolaals Soa es oS OT "bi ys BALMER oi 0,953SQ)-aeaahalao °o NJl?Dow ')0.953Sle22-30.5 mINEXLUINAVAYwit 0,96023f-29.4 aw Pw oN | =-_-olen REED |0.956wole26 29.2we-= PARKS 0.955 27 -28.9 aw ald NN. \ t PIPPEL 0.958 8 -28. --- ori ala67zit©BRiccs'|0.96329-27. EAST TRM olin ole = PT MACKZ 9967 9976 alo wen er 1K els SUB #12 "604 -73.8||>.530.9 108 108 " ol -rs bd N5.0 211.3 12.2 35.2 AMLP TAP CES 0.983 PLANT2 x vaY ole [20.9730.993 0.992 997 thi 23.4 §99 ofr 7/4-26.3 22.3 ofo "22.4 ot ba apo alo : clo -eo )DY a)rN ple [-J .994 328 -117 o]o o]o 49.6 -21.6 ore 7I5.2 alo slo 55.1114.8 « 1-19 9.990 (8)S)22.2 Oo)ad 8 s) ANCHORGE 2/%0.965 9966 Tit -26.9 SUB#14WORONZFn 41 38.0 se=49.5 14,Se -11.6 INTRNATB 49974INTRNATL-43.9 =3 42 =wa 49.5 49.312.49.2 wf?13.0 oO=>11.6 717.2 =8 714.8 UNIVRSTY PY 0.981 UNIVRSTY 1.017 " 0.988 U0.92 0.981 9977 att 23,4 9985 -20. -22.3 0.0 Wr 3265 - aA yy dr oN INTRNATA QRIVRSTY f998493.7 =q mor25.9 ohnSo 6 44.6 yr ne -11.1 0.989WORONZOF©-25.34054.8 -54.6}19.9 11.5 -17.3]/4.2 =54.8 0.978 =22.2 23.1 0,984 H0-0 ng _; -22.5 10.6 I6VUBE Nan RAILBELT &CVEA CONNECTED;FUTURE WINTER.SOLOMON #1 ON.|.__SJSYSTEM INTACT.MEA &CVEA LOAD:162.6 &24MW.POWER Mecrenoores.WED,OCT 06 1993 09:32 KV:$69 ,£138 ,#230 UWAN/MA - LNANdINOd]oem'seis' 695 tax ZE260 €66T 90LOO 'GM| socket UVAW /MW- HONWYG *MNPZ 3 9°Z9OT *QYOT WHA3WON "LOWINI WaLSAS SIONW/(Nd)GOVLTOA -SN"NO T# NOWOTOS "UALNIM MININA "AALOANNOD WHAD 3 LIGdTIva "V 8°Lb 6°6b feot bea rT 6°4S 1'b8 _ "6h- : 2a pe pee «hoe 666Of S86°0f erg 8e0"T be0'T ity EB ge Pinc8. losa 0°0 . ot 0z01 ortLe sor§- 03T ®00 o aLZQubad me Rr - et U0 ES Dig. >a E€0°Id bitpy OTNNOTOS @0°0 moe an8ct CSstTs ESN) sz 0-0 3e00£°0pg Zen8°0 3 "i ott. eZ 6-08 SoFO got oT oro OT o - a dLIOULsd 0°0ce 0°0@ 9*S- 00-20" 070 454 4S corw . : ” 870 L°o bit S'IWAW S$"et- 2001 E0ET i> 101T OZNNOTOS OTET zt dWod TOET fe SIVAN ooor WISTATW ZU dWnd NOWO'TOS , 0°Te- i 6°SS- w]e OIIT TS&0,ab TIENO vIO"T |M SNIdIW ApAtyte X* L°Lb 8°Sh S*Ze- 9€ 2| Scot p00"E PS60 |ILaNO i > aney 6"SS aye OZI1 Oo 6°LE- fy 009T ETO°T eSPn Gon: C(O $66°0 KI NOLINS a Te " ° a” 8'Tla4.¢ ela 1% ele Sy< a ug"s a "|a ° . Z°9S- wif O€Il 8° 600°T (2 M-¥ aaou wee ° sity E0b1 TObT Le . Il aWhd Il dina clo Tr6°07 ot9) ois o°e 0-0 oly Tee Z°LG9- e]e OvIT 0"0 £66°0 *,(° 'taguMora 5=o(9) fe 00-2,¢flo'0 Af vOeTe 0-0@) @lw baaa * 0zz1 o°8b- 1}o 00ST lon 6E0°T Plo 5 NIv NaS Luge ostt 2aQ1VA Bio o£ 986°0 Iuoddly L°€6- osgort "Tt 0SZ0*T 688°Of0°90 a 8°6S- oo) 996°0 of $ 1] 0°O Vals $0) zal-o]o o[e ojo OIst Z°8i-S]e oye 0zZSt z°8L- 7° SS Est Tb L°Eri.g allo oges 0-0 ETO*Tolo clo ofo STTIYNEID EL0°Tojo ofo OZIVNATS ET0°Lolo Sfo DSETWNETS z°6 T6a< 72 a 0-0 da © ° roo) TO0ZT £0cT oTer ©)COTTLE HERNING SHAW 16 17 18 o[oO TO Es) C .wm .-. o1o lel Ace mioOF®@®OF wone-a-aft f20.0 fh20.7-1.0 Ise eseanoOocloal?ale win 0.902 Yo.902 o.905 LAZELLEO.90ojoalssinmln-36.5 -36.4 "36.1 19 35,=--_->--_.-_-S- 1.007 osBELUGKAYvxYVVMYMyXYnog15"18.8 chep972$12.3 ONEIL Te 0.914alo-35.0 =|?a" Fea)ans V4 gle 26.7 65*£P002.cpoo TEELAND 1.015 TEELANDYSY i =13.1 °2BELUGAeiselm1,013 34 LUCAS 0,9149970timais?14.1 oe a|°m|2 -34, jo Io oIN on "a-She FF 7 PALMER .|20,921t'-©®H17 -33,62L-,als alo o al?Dow )0,922 Sie 22 -33.5 apo EKLUTNA =VXY iy 0,93723i 30.9 eo NN gs =-' o}n REED |0.942w]e 26 29.4et- ©PARKS 0.948 27 |=28.1 ma wa wii t PIPPEL 0.958 pT MACKZ 28 |_-26.6 9969 oe esNS6(7)ola©BRIGGS '|'0.967 29 -25.5ol1coowSS PT MACKZ ola als SUB #129971604 63.2 <finPLANT2VAY"yy 12 +]20.97999BIS=(5-23.5 Se a oealxh| as did ojo oo 58.3 ale ©© ANCHORGE @2I*0.970 9966 Tit =24.1 &613 WORONZP 38.0 <4 SUB #14 -49.9 14.oe 12.0 INTRNATB 22974-43.9 ox 49.9 49.8205 -49.6 ln 15.0 78 12.0 fe <715.4 bs 0,990 UNIVRSTY 1,025 " 1,000 SO (0.993 co wale -i8.7 -19. yy Ca.oN UNIVRSTY 0.986INTRNATA7I - INTR 9983 19.7 At AIS 3 as oS?mas 44.2 ''Tl 1.037 UNIVRSTY ee -10.5 -51.6 WORONZOP ° 40 58.0 57.81]13.5 73 =20.1]17.8 58.0 0.988 =25.2 19.5 0.995 40.0 f-2-i8.9 10.9 7/6 VAE fiailliz RAILBELT &CVEA CONNECTED;FUTURE WINTER.SOLOMON #1 ON. MEA SYSTEM OPEN @ TEELAND.MEA &CVEA LOADS: WED,OCT 06 1993 08:44 109.4 &16.2MW. KV:569 ,£138 ,#230 UVAN/MW - LNGWdIN0a YVAN /MW- HONWa ATONY/ (Nd) S9WLTOA - Soa Occw' BETES 695 2Ax "NO T# NOWOTOS "UYALNIM FANINA 'GALOUNNOD WSAO 3 LTaaTIva c'?80 €66T 90LOO "MNZ°OT 3 F°60T *SQWOT WSAD 3VEN "GNVTGaL ®NddO Wa3LSAS Wan A ET "*BaTe710M1I93) aya 'dam @Fievré28@ 8°bS- 6"¥S- 9°0S- 6°1S LSO*T LSO*Tf670 8°¥S- 67£8- . £00°T L66°Of Te 090°T beo°T L°28- 6"0S- b°0- e°T 2 0€O"T bo"T t0 TIS*z-ln.< |9°z 0°0 0zOL 7 DBOP$ D Ow aLZgQuyad 0e-a 0°? . S"0 8 : 1S0°T * Toot . Z°EM,. f "19 6°0 0°0 HAS = "6 ares $40 [o> STNNO'TOS ©070 Zen02:030g Zenb'0 ° "ll pro- ha 8°b8- or . a Do 7 . . So$0)" got c70 arog ovt _ ptt - - ' o°0-22.¢ [foro@ tee GOP ; soo) tq a Eo re ood jhe STWaW Z001 €oet aha TOTl OZNNOTOS OlEl Zt dWnd TOET "o STWaN 0001 WISAKTY Zl dWod NOWOTOS alo 1°6€- Te $7Ss- wl Olt EL@O|,dL TIANO Lvo't ottoM aNIdIW ef' Bh 90s alo ile clo *0S- €°6b- "Ob- he 190°T S00°T f2ef0 q AIBN . ele 6°Eh . 3b0"T wie awShou "ep- Ife 009T - G.6°0 {> NoLINS mm 2 ° y° 2-11 Blof ok. . Lol . a4 o L°SS- RD OeIT gre vbo't oly Me aaod sti £709 Ese"on €0bT TOvT =H . Il dkad Il aWnd + 916°0 -0-0_G) ols 072 070 oe To 79S- vs ovtt 0°0 veo'l 'ity'TSAHMOTE 5 7-9) . non . A, 9°0-Fa,g loro ry ole 00 Ste |r0"0 pie "|: 7 0721 6"0S - 1[t 00S wlo 0s0°T ee NTw N@19 L9G. OStt Zag1vA Bib O€0°T Ioddlv £°06- ondee a £56"Of nA 0°o 0798S- ne, Z10°T of - ° wlloro-lag loco@ 608-99 SS ele 6"08- S/S 0zsT 6708- [> oest bz lleZas aloo See oo S20°Lolo solo ofo STIWNATS SZ0°T Slo OZIWNIID SZ0°T Solo DETYNATS Z9 To $0 a a 070 DO© ° ro 1021 £021 o1zI ZACTWA ZAGTWA ZIQTWA COTTLE HERNING SHAW °16 1.7 18iherdwl=|%DOUGLASels,ie wid 3532)-37.3 -si.8_{l-61.2 26.5 23.6 2ied °"jo Slo "00 0.946 Yo.943 Yo.941 LAZELLEO,941PySleSisRhon"45.0 -44.5 -43.5 19 42,4-.=---=--_-,.|.-_-_-__-_TEELAND 171.020 SI"TEELAND 0.950 afmWyMwwyVyVXY4.011 15 aT -48.8 Tle 30 45.7 g|s512. q ;ONEIL TP 0.941%yy oN nen =41.3 ?ws ° 'EY.AY <sic Ws.4 witehoshieaeeYoon8BELUGASIM2=i?-te LUCAS 0.941*aT .9970 Tle 20 -41,1menegeena--hwimWIMmn"ce i bd PALMER 5|=0.943ani©®alt -39.3-»yee Lat)si? iw o LIN al?Dow 0.944Sin2239.2=-_-__ababaEKLUTNA=YAY TIN 0.9522335.5 ol” L AAKAa5 =--__' ole REED |0.953wim2633.1eat-_-_- PARKS 0.956 27 31.0-i Gahas aie ' PIPPEL 0.963 28 28.6 m a= G Darrces "| BRIGGS 0.970 29 -27.1 ON ow PT MACKZ wico wlo ei silo ols SUB #12 604 63.5 fed Con)3.VEY vxY nie ]0.979aimwiH4--24.4 NI QIN 2 es bo -=--_. as ole 63.6 2.4 °5 ANCHORGE &9966 1 &61 WORONZF 38.0 «4%SUB #1441Sai-50.9 14.6 oe-12.2 INTRNATB a 9974 INTRNATL . 43.9 *aeo42=Wet 50.9 -50.7//2.¢-50.5 aS 14.1 "8comode||SMSTspe seats muzyasre 2023 " 0.996 YO.0.989 aS Da wll. 18.6 0.0 19.2 aa RA AA INTRNATA ese r998493.7 j S25.9 >sla°o26S 43.3 NT are -10.5 0.996WORONZOP°-21.64063.3 -63.0/119.6 12.8 -18.5]/6.2 63.3 0.984 -23.6 -19.50995O50ran Flévee 34 RAILBELT &CVEA CONNECTED;FUTURE WINTER.SOLOMON #1 ON. PT.MACK-TEELAND 230KV OUT.MEA &CVEA LOAD:: WED,OCT 06 1993 08:55 KV:s69 ,£138 ,€230 YVAN /MW LNGWdINOg)02m'Bete' 69> FAN S$'80 €661 90LOO 'CaM sok] YVAN /MWN- HONWud ?qWOT WSAD 3VEN "LNO ANOEZ GNWISAL-HOWW *Ld) aIONV/(Nd)SOWLIOA - sna "NO T# NOWOIOS "YSLNIM AYOLNA {GHLOGNNOD WaAD 3 LTagtiwal gg +25 68%; 015%; ee Te. oe. : TN 6-0 6°FS- coe ZE0°T z20°T rep BLOT veO'T sity Sebi '3 FL e-28 : 370 PT L0-28.< Hleso 0°0 0201 so oo- Th-D O-ra ° aLzguiad o o°0 9"T ae 3 LO?Tf6°0 7 1001 0-0 7rn 7 rs wake: $40 -o-- STNNOTOS O-r4 34nd2 Ollo,s 24£"0 ° Ss"0 £70 6°08. M30FO3oO a0 wart! OT ° we] ge o-0586¢ 10-0@ : : 0°E- o0Se 00 $0 v0 bls Sivan BL "+ ego C0ET sts Tott SZNNOTOS Orel ZI dnd TOET STWaW oot WISTATY Zi dWhd NOWOTOS ole Ry L Vv) ana Te 9°¢s- OIll Ty0|dl 'ITINO 690°T 'ot. M SNId'IW oe (eal Kj °re Win offot twia & €°1S 2°0S- €°Zb- 9€ aa > 660°T yeo'l 0S6°0 q IANO tlw © a a 9°S¢- N]S OzIt S°Sp- 1f- 009T 890°'afte Feu Faou yoo"r SI' NoLins or ob w o Le) cq Uta. RioZT tf bEaed Supe LeA) a 2 B°sg- n]a O£IT wz 990°T 'ifs,Mu Taow vet- 8 tLeof "6S- £0bT Obl : . It dwnd Il dWnd A foo" 6°T o0 °bs Ls y°9S no OvIT 0°0 860°T {5 'THSHMOTE S Horo) 00°n.s 0°0 A i oo0oT' 070® rele ?|? ae g*1gs SIS oe 00st whe aanva bsot olo ok NIV Nad 9°9S OSTT 010€ bats bSo'r TuOdaIY 8°68- 0640" osgort 6L6°0 A 0°0 8°LS- 070© 8e0° of -- ° rlloto Sans 0°0@ 9°18- O[o OzsT 9°18] SIO O€ST Zz imaes renlforo- Sore 070 DTIVNATD 860°Tolo OZIWNATS 8S0°Tolo slo SE TWNETD B'S hee $0 a ; a 0° ° oD) 10zZI £021 O1zI Za TWA ZAGTWA ZAdTWA 2 COTTLE HERNING SHAW °ole 16 17 18 ale wl?eld DOUGLASTais,5 mle 7)wl 35))45.0 33.3 26.0 ee 2.2 aeaooeloaleolemr0.998 Vo.995 o.991 LAZELLEO.989oslowileolo[aed Kaa)N 14.1 "14.6 -15.1 19 -15.4==a TERLAND [1.020 Q|™TEELAND 1.003 "[sbercXkYVEYyyvyEYXY7os15Q[1-14.4_sh 30 13.elezB55-1 ONEIL TP 0.988 mf nA aA 31 715.7 c-)Fae)a4 om1>wry >4H°YE"4.choo <elo [22.5 oH1.0P00"'m TEELAND 1.015 TEELANDYX”|=1,007 5.3 2 BELUGA SIN ele ao16 34 L=14.4 9968 poem:2 +0 LUCAS 0.988 ° .**OO :9970 tos 1{o --6,8 o}n o}o er 20 15.7 Spo sp clan ole cloalssis7OS71!PALMER |-]10.989-©®21 al?=i5.32- Sia WIN o NI gle Dow "}0.989 als 22 -15.3 2EKLUINA=YAY 2]0,99323p-14,. bol foalynale =-__ ole REED |0.990wl26 14.4ci- PARKS 0.987 27 14.4--ih cn]To) nfo 1 PIPPEL 0.987 PT MACKZ =e? 9969 >a ©-Darrees2.7 BRIGGS '|0.988 98,5 29 -13.9 2.7 WEST TRY BAST TRM a co OS PT MACK soley oleevenedms219 suB #12 "604 =57.8])2.535.7 -79,2 79.2 on o olenrshd5.1 211.9 12.6 36.6 AMLP TAP S¥2 1,001 PLANT2 YAY "x al |20.992 2.011 1.010 9978 iyi 11.5 599 Ale wz}4=13.3 10.8 ole 10.8 ajo ey rt) a he ols a an sis c J 1 014 o<=78.1 'Sle "ale 47.9 -10.3 one 20.0 clo ole 45.6|[4.0 a -10.ofa ANCHORGE 2/"0.983 9966 Thr -13.9 &613 WORON2F 38.0 =4 SUB #1441of=47.8 14.8 GE 11.0 INTRNATB a 9974 INTRNATL -43.9 .zo42=wor 47.8 47.2.8 47.5 a 16.9 728Ce:12.0 16.99%<714.7 UNIVRSTY 15 1.000 UNIVRSTY 1.033 " 1.005 HO.0 Lop.0.999 9977 wh -l1.9985 -9.1 -11.0 0.0 -11.5 On AA AA INTRNATA gyryRsty t r 0.298998493.7 {a ae o 25.9 >ole rife 2 46.2 NTra:t 1.046 UNIVRSTYas-11.2 =43 381.007WORONZOF°-13.84045.4 =45.3}{-1.1 13.2 "19.4|[6.2 45.4 0.996 24.3 vil. 1.002 L0.0_ren-il.1 11.0 (GUKE LA Winn RAILBELT &CVEA CONNECTED;FUTURE WINTER.SOLOMON #1 ON.SYSTEM INTACT.CVEA LOAD =26.8MW.MEA LOAD NOT SCALED. Femeues.WED,OCT 06 1993 10:28 KV:569 ,£138 ,#230 UWAN/MW - INANdINOd YVAN /MW - HONWud WIONW/ (Nd) GOVLTOA - sna occm'BETS'. 695 FAN LZ:0T €66T 90LOO 'Gam "dS1TVOS LON GVOT VEN "MN8°9Z = GWOT WSAD "LOVINI WaLsasl_,| "NOT# NOWOTOS "USLNIM FUNLNI /GaLOANNOD WAS2 LIGGTIVY w\ €°2b- 9°b- 6"£E- £°9E- 986"Of 86°09 S°T S*2b- 9°lL- ; ; 6L6 "Of 556°Of (et-p £66"Of £66Of sity BB se Hl 08 ; oT 0z01 TTL SA,< |Lovs Om abeguyga 0°e- OS 4oO m° Le 3 7 18604 eee: . L°L AGS, Dax "OV. S*T @- tt Ho celle wv Wer rah aoe: de SI STNAO'IOS 070 Boa Olle. >,2,9°0 3 "ll 6*0- bz S*eL- Fon6 OTS Four eT O10T oT Sv6"Of 3 4 8 dL OULad «y O2 . 4£0 £°0 . o0 "a,¢ [oro@ 60 0 £0IT 6°9= o0-2e 070 yb STWaW Tot- * 2001 OIET ztanid Lot ° TOUt OZNNOTOS STWaN WISHATW Zt dWnd e NoOTOS | . SI te 9°Ey= ole QUIT \{ .0,aL TIANO $96°0 al”&aNdl 4 wo & Slo > L'Ee 971 iors A iS) E- *1E- Z°L - |: 6£0°T 166°Of 986° 1 aano Nin ani L°eb a OZ1T ef Tih (009T 596°0 SIN gu geod (C O°T Sj NoLLAS re 0 o PIO orzi|S.< Bein £72 |e ool sr< mu@°9 Nin 3 . 0"bb ale O€IT 6°1- 6S6°0 |" M-u adod T9t- " 228°of ort TOPL 9°eS . Il dwind It dwnd A! 08°07 ce 00 oO} Toe €°Sb- we ObIT 070 6£6°0 |8 -TagHM9ora 5 575-(9) i) o'0-Sas fl0-0 i ° 00-OTe 0-0® S12 a 7 9zz1 E*bE- oe oo 00ST talon Teor elo ' NI¥ NTO 0°9p- Ost aacTwA onde, Bid¢ 0€6°0 IuOduIy 9°£8- in osgot 278"Of 0°0 9°8b- ae) £680 5 of ; - a |] 0°0- wa¢ 0°0@ OIst £°h9-o]> S/o 0zZST £°b9-SO]STO OEsT ons. lbh os pO 0-Sek sd OTIVNGTS 966°0 Jo Slo SZTWNATD 966°05|o Slo SE TYNATS bot |[eor< Fg 7 ee) 0-0 ° oo 10zI £021 o1Z1 ZAQIVA ZaqdTWA ZAGTWA