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False Pass Wind Energy Feasibility Report July 2015 Marsh Creek, LLC
False Pass Wind Energy Feasibility Report July 2015 Marsh Creek,LLC 2000 E.88"Ave. Anchorage,Alaska 99507 ' tlu:False Pass Wind Energy Contents EXECUTIVE SUMIMALY......0.ceeeeeecsesssesscsnsesescaneseseecseecsenesnsnssesseseeeseesesessaeesseesessesreaeseeeeeesseseessneecsessseesuseesnersesuea 4 Wind Power Study Background .........cssccsscssecsssecssssecssessnscsnscessssssensesssesscesseessesseesnsnesesscesssusessereseseeeessensas 5 Project GOals ........sesesesscssessssssssscessscssssssescssecesssscseessssneasssnsseeesesassecneseeeessenesseeneensenscoeesssgersenssessosersneaees 5 City of False Pass...escsssssssssessssscssssecseesessceensssseseeenesseenseneeeenseneeneseeeneeneenessseaeneseeenecetsseenesnrseeserenteneons 6 ACCESS....ccccessecsesessssssnssncsecccscesseesssneeeeseseesesseseaaeeeeeeeeeeasseeeeessssesseseeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeseeeseeeeueseeesecensteeatteeesesease 7 ECONOMY......:-:sssecceseserceesuceestsavsnesessssesseeeeeeeeeessenensuseeeeseeseeseeeeeeeseeDeneeeneesseseaeeepeeeeeesaeesenseasesneeeseneesenseseesenes 8 Climate .......ccccccessscccescssscecescsseececsseesssssnssesesesaaeceoesenaaeceopsasegenerseasaesersssssceetcnscsceeceeecesensdeesesesseeeoontaneeeseeses 8 Local INfrastrUuCtUre........cccssscccssscssssscessecessetseseeseseaeeesseaeseesecessasecseneesesseeecsssassocesesossecosseeesesenasossseeesasoasonsaee 8 Existing Power Plant Infrastructure ........s:csscsscsccsssscesscssssscsssnscnscssenscnscnsessonsesseneessesssnrenessnesseesenssnesscneensensney 8 Diesel Generator Sets .......cccccsssssscssscceseccescecesssssesecesseneecessssseecesosnenneessenentacsssansasesesesanseasespeasesevsessneaeeesees 9 Day Tarnk.....ccsccscssssssccseessscssesssssssscssassussceeneeseessseseeseeeseeeeeeseeseeesseseeeeeeeeeeseesstesseeeeesneeseeseeesaeeneeseeseeeseeseetena 10 Controls and SWitCh GOal.........ccccscccsseccescrersssceesseeessseesessseesoeeeesosseensseeessseeenesusesensesecenensesseesecnesessseeeveenes 11 Heat RECOVETY .........ceccesesceerceesssssseescseescssescnsaesossecoesseressenenseserscsneasseseseessaesseeesenssescueseneseeneeescnsuseseeeseees 12 Tank Farin .....ccccssccccccsstcesscecssscesscsseecessnsecensesonsecesssseseseaesnesseeesaeesesneceesnseeseseesoosasessseaeseseeesseaaesteesonseaeeonees 13 Distribution SySteMM........cccssecccestsesesessecseseeesecsessseessssseesseesessedssssseussesseeseessessaesseeeesseescesseusesteseseeeseeeaais 14 Electrical Distribution SyYStem 0.0...ccsecsscesneesrersresetecessesseecesseseseesseesssesesesoeseseseseseeseseceseasesesseeeenesaeegs 14 LOAS vo cccessssccssssscesssecssccssesssssscsseeessasescscesessaseseceasscesesesesssesesseeeesseesosceesssseesesssssoeeeesesescasensesessesonsease 14 Community Energy Use...ceescsscssssscesssecneecssersseseasseneeceseaeeceseeseereeesseeseesneeeeseatensseeceseessonsaecaneaeevensenes 14 Wind ReSOUrCE SUMMALY.........ccceccceecenecsererssersssessecssecsseeessessseesssesssesonecesnecssecusnesssessnssssecsseessdesotesssseesseerens 17 Site Selection .......cccscsescesccessscssessesseesssnccssasessneecesneeenseseceeeersseasessscasssasenecsaseseesceseeceesasersssasesseseesseeareneateees 17 WiINd RESOULCE.......cescesecscsssscessecessensnsessssccsesseceenescnnessascesesoseateaeecesceseesasesecuenessnecectanaseneeenseaseseaeaeeeseeenseees 17 Met tower Gata SYNOPSIS ..........ssccccssssccscssneneessseseessnsesessssssseesscneseeeececaseeeeecneeneasscueeeeneesesseeseseeeaoesnaes 17 WASP Model of False Pass ..........cscssccssscsseescccssecscessecesseeesccesesoaneseeeeseesasevensessesenesereesssacosseveaeecnseesaeeetanens 18 Orographic Modeling «0.0...eeecesssscessssescscessscessssscesessssseseccecsecsessesssssssressessenssseecssseesesseesecsaseessesseees 18 Wind Power HIStory ........cccccscccsccssssecccsecetcccsnevsnsesneenseeeseeessansneesseeessensessseeesseesseeesseesssesscessseeseaneenssnerereees 19 Wind Power Development ISSUGS ..........seeccssssstessserssesesesesseesseseseaseeconeesssesesesesuesesessseessaseeesceeeseueseaaaenen 19 Geotechnical Considerations .........cscccssccceseecessecenceceseeecsereesesseersaeecsaeaseesesoesaeessaaaceseasecesaeeseeaseneeaaeeenen 20 Permitting Review of Wind POWeV.........cscssssssscscsssssseesssssceeseeseseseceescsessecseecssesescatenessnensescssessesssenssersseseass 20 Alaska Pollution Discharge Elimination System 0...cesecsscssesesecececeesreceesectecescenesecedcsaesenecsseseraseeaceeseas 20 Federal Aviation AAMinistration .........:cccsccessecesenecsseesessesseccceseseenseasscuseesasessaeaeseseasesseesceseeseeesoeseseaesoesaes 20 Alaska Department of Natural RCSOUICES.........:csseccssssssssscscessessscsessesssesseessssersesssseessnssenssesessasonesnesennes 20 Alaska Coastal Management Program Consistency R@VIGW ..........ccsccessessscsessseessseeseesnesseseeeesseeseeees 20 State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)CONSUIKATION ...........ccccesesccsescssececececssseseessseessteneeneaesenseees 21 US Army Corps of Engineers .0.......sscscssecssecssesseccrsesssesssesssecssecsrsessscsseessessnsesseecsnssessseneesesescnssessesveneasses 21 Wetlands and WaterwayS........ccscscccsssscsseccssseescscessscessaescessenscseenccesecssacessaseseeeaseaeessseaeessasecoseetessenseoesenes 21 VeEgetation........ese esecssecsrevsssssscsssssscensceseceneeneeneeeeeesneesneeenessseeennsenseeereeeenenneeeaeesseeesasessssenseessseaessenseneneess 21 lla:False Pass Wind Energy -#?aaaiis US Fish and Wildlife SCrvice ........cecesscsescestccssessssscessecssssessscsnssesseesseessssesesscssecesssseasessnssssssonscessuseseeses 21 Appendix A,Wind Resource Assessment RePOrt............cccscssecssessseseseeeesssasensseasersssesossnsesesasstsssseessarseesanes 23 Appendix B,Geotechnical REPOrt..........ccs ccsssssssssssenseconsesnessnesecsssessensesseeeeceesessonsesssessesnassassonseseeseeee 24 Appendix C Distribution SUrVey ......sccssccsseccsrsessescsccsessrtcesesccssscssesessscesssessiseeersseeetssesasessseeeseeesssessntseeness 24 3[Page "eR4:False Pass Wind Energy »#2« Executive Summary The City of False Pass began collecting data to assess their wind resource in May 2005.Data was collected through September 2007,less a three month period after a bear damaged wiring to the datalogger and repairs could be made.A cursory look at the wind data by Alaska Energy Authority in 2007 showed high turbulence,so a wind development project was put on hold.Subsequent rising fuel prices spurred the City of False Pass to request a more thorough look at the potential to integrate wind with their diesel plant and a more comprehensive analysis of the met tower wind data and additional wind modeling was accomplished in 2012. Analysis by Marsh Creek LLC confirms AEA's assessment regarding turbulence and that despite the measured Class 4 wind resource,there are very few wind turbines potentially suitable for False Pass' particular wind conditions.Very high turbulence from the complex terrain of False Pass precludes typical wind turbines often used in rural Alaskan wind projects. Initially considered for False Pass was a project using an alternative wind turbine design the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT).VAWTs are designed to operate in highly chaotic wind regimes.They reportedly withstand turbulence reasonably well and produce power in a wider range of wind speeds than horizontal axis wind turbines.Additionally,while there have been no direct studies demonstrating a lesser impact on avian species than Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT),USFWS favors the design as "bird friendly”.In 2012 Marsh Creek completed an installation of VAWTs to produce electricity primarily for heat "wind-to-heat”at the USFWS stations in Cold Bay and King Salmon.Unfortunately,three years of experience with two different models of 5 kW VAWTs leaves little doubt that VAWTS's are yet ready for deployment to remote communities with extreme wind conditions. Non-wind renewable energy options are possible in False Pass,but prior to initiating a renewable energy project,Marsh Creek strongly recommends that the City of False Pass prioritize upgrading and repairing their power plant,including moving the distribution bus bar from the old power plant to the new power plant and completely decommissioning the old plant.Repairs and upgrades will improve plant efficiency and lay the groundwork for the introduction of a renewable energy power source.Marsh Creek also recommends the City of False Pass commission a study to consider repair and upgrade of the old, presently non-functional,heat recovery system to supply heat to the False Pass School. When ready for renewable energy,Marsh Creek recommends that the City of False Pass de-emphasize wind energy development until a robust VAWT proves reliable and is available commercially.As an alternative,the City of False Pass may want to consider developing a small run-of-the-river type hydroelectric project on the unnamed creek near the former met tower site.Marsh Creek understands that this creek has a potential power generation capacity of 150+kW.With a long term perspective, Marsh Creek recommends that City of False Pass continues to pursue a tidal hydrokinetic energy project with Ocean Renewable Power Corporation (ORPC).Wind power with VAWTs remain a possibility,but Marsh Creek will not recommend them until the technology matures and reliability is clearly demonstrated in real world operational settings. 4|Page Wind Power Study Background Through a partnership between the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA),the Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association and the City of False Pass,a met tower was installed in False Pass in May 2005.A preliminary look at the data by AEA,prior to loss of funding for the wind study program,showed a robust wind resource with significant turbulence.As a result,the project was put on hold.In 2010 the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA)funded a grant to the Aleutians East Borough (AEB)to perform an assessment of renewable energy resources (wind,waste heat recovery,hydro,tidal,solar).The assessment was conducted by Your Clean Energy,LLC of Anchorage,and incorporated research of the community and preexisting studies,in-person site visits to assess viability and potential locations for renewable energy,and an economical evaluation of each renewable energy project. More recently,however,rising fuel costs and commercialization of new technology have inspired local leadership to revisit the idea of using wind energy to save fuel.Marsh Creek LLC completed a full wind resource assessment of data from the met tower in December of 2012 (refer to the V3 Energy,LLC wind resource assessment report in Appendix A).As was anticipated by AEA's cursory data review in 2007, the wind resource assessment report documents significant turbulence at the site. Project Goals Alaska pays some of the highest prices for gas and electricity in the nation,despite being America's second largest producer of oil.This cost is magnified in remote villages and communities such as False Pass,where relative geographic isolation and lack of connected roads and other infrastructure make electrical generation and transmission using imported fuel an expensive proposition. The reliance on diesel fuel and heating oil and its unpredictable cost was the primary motivating factor in City of False Pass'interest in developing alternative and sustainable energy sources for their community.For instance,in 2008 the City purchased 40,000 gallons of diesel fuel at $4.10 per gallon. One year later the same amount of diesel fuel was purchased for $2.29 per gallon.in 2014,nearly 61,000 gallons of diesel was purchased at $3.51 per gallon. The high cost of energy negatively impacts community members,local government,and entities providing services to the area.Many of the Borough's disadvantaged residents are forced to choose between heating their homes and buying groceries. An alternative generation infrastructure in False Pass would help stabilize energy costs,providing long- term socio-economic benefits to the city.The Aleutians East Borough is confronted by a reality that plagues much of rural Alaska:extremely limited economic opportunity combined with an almost astronomical cost of living.In small communities such as False Pass,each household is important to the well-being of the entire community.With affordable energy,more households could afford to stay in S|Page 4:False Pass Wind Energy "a = their communities,promoting community stability and wellness and help stem the tide of rural out- migration. PROJECT CONTACTS Entity Contact Position Email Phone Aleutians East |Ernie Weiss Borough eweiss@aeboro.org 907-274-7557 Borough Contact City of False Chris City Clerk cityofflasepass@ak.net 907-548-2319 Pass Emrich Marsh Creek,Maggie Project maggie.mckay@marshcreeklic.com 907-343-0407 LLC McKay Coordinator V3 Energy,Douglas Wind Power dvaught @v3energy.com 907-350-5047 LLC Vaught,P.E.Engineer Marsh Creek,Connie Community |Connie.fredenberg@marshcreekllc.com |907-444-6220 LLC Fredenberg Liaison Alaska Energy |Josh Craft Wind jcraft@aidea.org 907-771-3000 Authority Program City of False Pass The City of False Pass,part of the Aleutians East Borough,is located approximately 646 miles southwest of Anchorage along the Isanotski Strait just west of Cold Bay.False Pass was originally homesteaded by William Gardner in the early 1900's,growing in population in 1917 when P.E.Harris established the first seafood cannery there.Several of the original buildings in False Pass came from an abandoned cannery 30 miles away in Morzhovoi Bay.A post office was built in 1921 with the name "False Pass”,giving the community a more official status. The cannery was eventually purchased by Peter Pan Seafoods and operated almost continuously until most of the plant was destroyed ina fire in 1981.Despite no longer processing fish,Peter Pan Seafoods continued to play an important role in the community with the sale of propane,lube oil and bunkhouse space until 2013.Peter Pan Seafoods has now closed all business in False Pass and the Aleutian Pribilof islands Community Development Association (APICDA)took over the fuel sales.APICDA operates Bering Pacific Seafoods,the only fish processing plant left in the community.In 2014 APICDA completed the installation of a new tank farm on City property with the capacity to store 180,000 gallons of diesel fuel and 20,000 gallons of gasoline. One federally recognized tribe,the Native Village of False Pass,an Unangan community,resides within the community.Fishing,fish processing and other subsistence activities are indicative of the lifestyle. 6|Page 1.ll.False Pass Wind Ener The 2014 False Pass census recorded a population of 70 people,an increase from the 2000 census.The school reopened in 2014 with 11 students.There are 13 students in the community for the 2015 school year.The following map indicates the location of False Pass on the Aleutian Island Chain. False Pass location ST.PAUL ISLAND ::. :Bristol Bay aneafie,"Nati co..»Saint Paul 'be.:'':Native Com.4on.::;ee AaPRIBILOFotaAleutiansEastBorough -ISLANDS oe se =.:;TR oy,one 'ST GFORGE ISLAND : : :|UNIMAK ISLAND Tekdoe Past ae 7 .:zc .etTheAleutCorp.mura cami .:yew,ad »ISLAND ,-;7 H,.Ge,Tag Ditch Herbot H.Ge.T ::Te PUNALASKA ONE '.Mee \see : \-Aleutians East Borough”a ae egeB 4 A. . \ ww 1ee (rote:Thin snap ts 2 portion of Sheet 1,"Conmmunty ten of Fetes Paes”,Ateations Feet Bareugh.2006 <<-iad pose 7 pone EE 21:Cay Shopee=22 Elecine Generator Plant \ a3 23:Water TreatmentPlant .ory CO ee ee a oe tne Ce ey Access False Pass is accessible only by water or air travel.From False pass,scheduled passenger air travel to Cold Bay is provided by Grant Aviation and from Cold Bay to Anchorage by PenAir.ACE Air Cargo 7|Page 4:False Pass Wind Energy «#1 provides freight service to Cold Bay from Anchorage.Charter service can also be arranged.A state- owned 2,150 ft.long by 60 ft.wide gravel airstrip serves False Pass. Ferry travel is available on the Alaska Marine Highway Ferry,though it is intended for passengers and vehicles only,not cargo.Barge travel for large cargo is available through Alaskan Coastal Transportation. Economy The local economy is driven by commercial salmon fishing and fishing services.False Pass is an important refueling stop for Bristol Bay and Bering Sea fishing fleets.Bering Pacific Seafoods processes the commercial catch.In 2010,six False Pass residents held commercial fishing permits.Cash income is supplemented by subsistence hunting and fishing of salmon,halibut,geese,caribou and seals.(Alaska Community Database) Climate False Pass lies in the maritime climate zone.Temperatures range from 11 to 55 °F.Annual snowfall averages 56 inches,with total annual water-equivalent precipitation of 33 inches.Prevailing southeast winds are constant and often strong during winter.Fog is common during summer months.(Alaska Community Database) Local Infrastructure Water is derived from a nearby spring and reservoir,and is treated and stored in a 60,000-gallon tank. Most homes are connected to the piped water system.Almost 80%of homes are fully plumbed.Many residents have individual septic tanks while wastewater from seafood processing flows directly into an outfall line.The City collects refuse twice a week.There are no recycling programs available.(Alaska Community Database) Existing Power Plant Infrastructure False Pass depends on diesel-powered generators to provide their homes and businesses with electricity,and fuel oil to generate heat.Fuel is purchased once a year and is brought into False Pass by barge in the spring.Diesel is stored in a city-owned and operated tank farm with a capacity of 60,000 gallons.Once a week,fuel is transferred from the tank farm to another city-owned 5,000 gallon tank located at the city power plant via an 850 gallon fuel truck. City of False Pass Electric (CFPE)owns and operates the community's power utility,generating electricity with three diesel generating sets (gen-sets)located in the new False Pass power plant building (steel container). 8|Page a SSrt New Power Plant with 5,000 gal.fuel tank.Distribution Feeder for Village in Old Plant Old powerplan bom Diesel Generator Sets The power plant is operated and maintained by a new operator,Steve Madej,a 15 year veteran diesel plant operator formerly from Yakutat.The power plant is very clean and well maintained. Unfortunately,the distribution bus bar for the new power plant is located in the old power plant due to 9|Page /, _..False Pass Wind Energy -«#2:arang financial shortfalls encountered during construction of the new plant.This should be rectified if the power plant is upgraded to integrate another energy source. The power plant has three diesel generators:a John Deere 6068TF generator set rated at 75 kW,aJohn Deere 6081TF generator set rated at 125kW,and a John Deere 6081 AF generator set rated at 175 kW. The 75 kW generator set has few hours on it.It was rebuilt but subsequently deemed too small to carry the village load.It was replaced in July 2014 by a 180 kW John Deere 6090 generator set purchased with a U.S.HUD community development block grant.Due to issues with the new Tier 4 diesel generator requirement by the U.S.EPA,the process took far more time than expected,but the generator came online in September 2014.It was installed by Salcha Electric,a small company from Fairbanks.This new generator is not often used because load demand rarely surpasses 150 kW. Power Plant layout O% Day Tank The day tank controls have proved to be difficult in the past and will need to be repaired.The motor- operated valve for the bulk tank had not worked properly and caused intermittent fill issues.The fuel fill safeties are believed to be bypassed.The tank is a standard 100 gallon day tank. 10|Page eger eX4:False Pass Wind Energy #28 Power Plant Day Tank and Controls | .ay agam'waa a ¥nae ' q ., :pa 'en AX Lo ."a -{ Controls and Switch Gear Automated controls were provided by Thompson Tech and consist of Woodward load-sharing and synchronizing modules with Thompson Tech MEC20 controllers on the doors. Gen-Set Controls with Load Share I j.ereeeeeee:ra aa errerrs a Se 7 3 ,in ". 'S., t . . i erry |ere 2 .ae, -Mpmooowaro om rt , )™genes ee |ihe ta (=13590306 CEE] ars a 5 Z DI FIAT PAT ALOTCSA INN ': kd ?'a":4 >Lo Vy Vee : il . 4 ams .i Fe Pa].y amaaechonon aesitont='ui.=ei .-x)ee aa ih Pm.wet]ot "(h): 11|Page |.False Pass Wind Energy =os Power Plant Gen-Set Switch Gear -Close up |CUtemHeat Recovery A tube and shell heat exchanger located in the generator building transfers heat from the generators via a buried glycol piping loop to two Modine unit heaters in the nearby City Shop.Heat that cannot be used by the City Shop is rejected to the atmosphere via two radiators located in the powerhouse.The radiator fans are not variable frequency drive (VFD)and consequently when actuating place a high instantaneous load on the system.Replacing these fans with VFD motors would be a possible energy savings for City of False Pass. 12|Page Remote Radiators Radiator controls An old heat recovery system exists that runs from the Old Generator Building to False Pass School via a 3-inch HPDE piping loop nested in a 2 ft.deep trench.The pipe runs through the school's crawlspace, but is no longer connected to the heating system.Residents claim that the system never sent an adequate amount of heat to the school,likely due to the length of the piping run and the lack of proper piping insulation. Your Clean Energy's renewable resource assessment determined that there is sufficient waste heat from the power plant to heat a large percentage,or even all,of False Pass School.Proper insulation and jacketing of the heat distribution pipe would be necessary for this endeavor to succeed.An economic evaluation was completed at the time of the assessment,with the assumption that the waste heat system would displace all heating oil consumed by the school.That assessment is reflected in Your Clean Energy's financial analysis below. False Pass Heat Recovery Building receiving heat False Pass School Distance from Power Plant 600 ft. Estimated project cost $300,190 Annual heating oil savings (gal)5,162 Annual heating oil savings @ $3.45/gal 517,809 Annual O&M costs $1,500 30 yr net present worth $775,223 Payback (yrs)14 Tank Farm The City of False Pass owns and operates a three tank,60,000 gallon capacity tank farm for powerplant and city use. 13|Page "Sees FURR.iL:False Pass Wind Energy «2 Additionally,the Aleutian Pribilof Islands Development Association (APICDA)replaced the old Peter Pan Seafoods tank farm in the summer of 2014 and installed 180,000 gallons of diesel and 20,000 gallons of gasoline storage capacity.The APICDA tank farm is located on city property and serves visiting fishing boats and False Pass community needs as well. Distribution System Electrical Distribution System The utility's power distribution system is underground 3-phase wire operating at 12,470 volts grounded Y.Currently the distribution system phases are balanced as such:A-130A,B-120A,C-150A.Note that APICDA installed new electrical distribution lines from the dock to the new tank farm. Loads The biggest electricity users are GCl and the school.In 2008 Bering Pacific Seafoods installed 1,250 kW of diesel power generation for their processing plant and related facilities and provides their own power needs independently of the False Pass electric grid. Community Energy Use The following table,with data gathered from Regulatory Commission of Alaska's Power Cost Equalization (PCE)reports shows energy generated,sold,#2 diesel fuel usage,price,and diesel efficiency in False Pass over a three year period,from July 2009 to June 2012. MONTH AND KWH KWH GALLONS CURRENT PRICE OF _--DIESEL EFFICIENCY YEAR GENERATED SOLD CONSUMED FUEL /GAL (kWh/gal) Jul-09 40447 937796 3419 $2.73 11.83 Aug-09 40138 37295 3470 $2.73 11.57 Sep-09 41096 38364 3476 $2.73 11.82 Oct-09 43143 40735 3590 $2.73 12.02 Nov-09 42429 40351 3625 $2.73 11.70 Dec-09 41350 39165 3518 $2.73 11.75 Jan-10 43736 41628 3803 $2.73 11.50 Feb-10 39907 =37799 3534 $2.73 11.29 Mar-10 49520 47181 4264 $2.73 11.61 Apr-10 45341 42939 4020 $2.73 11.28 May-10 42513 40104 3707 $2.73 11.47 Jun-10 41937 39322 3675 $3.04 11.41 2009-10 total 511557 482679 44101 Jul-10 55906 47278 3675 $3.04 15.21 Aug-10 29772 =26529 4097 $3.04 7.27 14};Page (i:False Pass Wind Energy mo MONTH AND KWH KWH GALLONS CURRENT PRICE OF DIESEL EFFICIENCY YEAR GENERATED SOLD CONSUMED FUEL /GAL (kWh/gal) Sep-10 35004 34656 3679 $3.04 9.51 Oct-10 34451 =21545 3854 $3.04 8.94 Nov-10 28010 26266 3427 $3.04 8.17 Dec-10 35061 32354 3449 $3.04 10.17 Jan-11 27703-24791 2850 $3.04 9.72 Feb-11 38512 35988 3065 $3.04 12.57 Mar-11 40727 37569 3700 $3.04 11.01 Apr-11 46857 43564 4042 $3.04 11.59 May-11 46653 43238 4150 $3.53 11.24 Jun-11 29959 26464 3223 $3.53 9.30 2010-11 total 448615 400242 43211 Jul-11 42962 19688 4200 $3.42 10.23 Aug-11 39157-27725 4600 $3.42 8.51 Sep-11 37342 27351 3564 $3.42 10.48 Oct-11 39869 31499 4500 $3.42 8.86 Nov-11 42440 =27911 3713 $3.42 11.43 Dec-11 43633 31679 3595 $3.42 12.14 Jan-12 50181 =35422 4450 $3.42 11.28 Feb-12 44301 35215 2900 $3.42 15.28 Mar-12 54733 42217 3865 $3.42 14.16 Apr-12 42871 39610 3750 $3.49 11.43 May-12 50628 41137 4458 $3.49 11.36 Jun-12 44010 38531 3301 $3.49 13.33 2011-12 total 532127 397985 46896 15|Page $4.00 $3.50 _$3.00 $2.50 $2.00 $1.50 FuelPrice,$/gal$1.00 $0.50 $0.00 at il il| City of False Pass Energy Usage NwQoOoDieselFuel,gal.12345 67 8 9101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536 July 2010 to June 2012 gamma KWH GENERATED Mame KWHSOLD ====GALLONS CONSUMED City of False Pass Powerplant Info. UNL UNIT DieselPowerplantEfficiency,kWh/gal.12345 67 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536 July 2010 to June 2012 was FUEL PRICE =DIESEL EFFICIENCY (kWh/gal) 16|Page |...False Pass Wind Energy #2 Wind Resource Summary A wind resource study in False Pass with sensors placed on a 30 meter met tower was conducted from 2005 to 2007. Site Selection The met tower was originally installed in May of 2005 with monitoring equipment and installation support contributed by AEA partially funded by a DOE Tribal Energy Grant.The city manager and village corporation CEO chose the site with guidance from the Federal Aviation Administration and the Endangered Species department of the USFWS).The original location by the airport was not approved by FAA.The second site option,which was approved by FAA and USFWS,was near a proposed site for a new dump,where plans called for a road to be built and power extended to serve the facility.Since installation of the met tower,the road and bridge have been built,but the power line was not. Wind Resource The wind resource as the False Pass met tower site is generally good with measured wind power class 4 by measurement of wind power density (Class 3 if considering only mean annual wind speed).Given the cool temperatures of False Pass test site,air density is moderately higher than standard conditions.By other measures important for wind power analysis,the site has a low 50-year return period extreme wind probability but high turbulence;the latter apparently due to the high mountains that border isanotski Strait and that are very near the met tower to the north,west and south.Turbulence intensity calculated from the met tower data indicates much higher than desirable turbulence conditions.This would require special care with turbine selection and operations. It is not immediately clear if an alternate wind site that has good wind exposure and less turbulence exists in the near proximity of the village of False Pass.Siting restrictions include the obvious constraints of geography -mountains and lsanotski Strait -and the location and orientation of the False Pass airstrip.Computation fluid dynamics (CFD)modeling may lend insight into wind flow patterns at False Pass and would be a useful tool to investigate other wind turbine siting options. Met tower data synopsis Data dates May 7,2005 to August 19,2005 and November 30, 2005 to September 4,2007 (24 months) Wind power class Class 3 to 4 (fair to good) Wind power density mean,30m 338 W/m? Wind speed mean,30 m 6.11 m/s (13.6 mph) Max.10-min wind speed average 26.5 m/s (59.3 mph) Maximum 2-sec.wind gust 39.0 m/s (87.2 mph;January,2007) Weibull distribution parameters k =1.62,c=6.76 m/s 17|Page ll False Pass Wind Energy - Wind shear power law exponent 0.291 (high) Roughness class 3.80 (suburban) IEC 61400-1,3"ed.classification Class III-S Turbulence intensity,mean 0.173 (at 15 m/s) Calm wind frequency (at 30 m)35%(winds <4 m/s) WAsP Model of False Pass WAspP (Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program)and is PC-based software for predicting wind climates,wind resources and power production from wind turbines and wind farms and was used to model the False Pass terrain and wind turbine performance. WAspP software calculates gross and net annual energy production (AEP)for turbines contained within wind farms,such as an array of two or more turbines in proximity to each other.Fors single turbine array,WAsP calculates gross AEP.With one turbine,net AEP is identical to gross AEP as there is no wake loss to consider. Orographic Modeling WAsP modeling begins with import of a digital elevation map (DEM)of the subject site and surrounding area and conversion of coordinates to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM).UTM is a geographic coordinate system that uses a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system to identify locations on the surface of Earth.UTM coordinates reference the meridian of its particular zone (60 longitudinal zones are further subdivided by 20 latitude bands)for the easting coordinate and distance from the equator for the northing coordinate.Units are meters.Elevations of the DEMs are converted to meters (if necessary)for import into WAsP software. A met tower reference point is added to the digital elevation map,wind turbine locations identified,and a wind turbine(s)selected to perform the calculations.WAsP considers the orographic (terrain)effects on the wind (plus surface roughness and obstacles)and calculates how wind flow increases or decreases at each node of the DEM grid.The mathematica!model has a number of limitations,including the assumption of overall wind regime of the turbine site is the same as the met tower reference site, prevailing weather conditions are stable over time,and the surrounding terrain at both sites is sufficiently gentle and smooth to ensure laminar,attached wind flow.WAsP software is not capable of modeling turbulent wind flow resulting from sharp terrain features such as mountain ridges,canyons, shear bluffs,etc. Orographic modeling of wind across the site,with the False Pass met tower as the reference site, indicates a good wind resource along Isanotski Strait,with a low-to-marginal resource near the mountains and within the valley of False Pass'location.Wind resource is modeled as very high at higher elevations of the surrounding mountains,but there is no developed access to these areas at present and 18|Page False Pass Wind Energy -siaonBysehene hence impractical to consider.Plus,turbulence on the mountains at higher elevations likely would be very high. weawe of False Pass site area of predicted wwindd speedSSSeer"Si,}INS a Ye .a, * |ani.edits Goal]icswayyaa= Wind Power History in 2008 APICDA installed a 2.4 kW Skystream wind turbine near the city office as a pilot project.The goal was reduce the cost of power for False Pass.Reportedly the turbine functioned only briefly before failing for unknown reasons. Wind Power Development Issues The road to the met tower site is gravel and adequate for transporting equipment.A mile and a half of new 3-phase distribution would be required to connect wind turbines to the existing city distribution grid.While wind power is not recommended at this time,new power distribution to this area could serve a proposed small hydro project,to be located just upstream in the unnamed creek that flows past the old met tower site. Should wind power be considered in the future,a site near the runway might have less turbulence,but FAA likely will not approve this location for typical wind turbines,with the possible exception of the VAWTs (or HAWTs)placed on short towers.Given the high turbulence noted in the met tower data, 19|Page \.-False Pass Wind Energy -#?« short term wind monitoring at a proposed project site is strongly recommended to measure turbulence conditions.Note also that the old Skystream wind turbine was located at the city office.It is possible that this turbine failed because turbulence made the site unsuitable,but this is not known.Ideally for turbulence mitigation,wind turbines would be located nearer Isanotski Strait and away from the slopes and ridges that border City of False Pass to the west. Geotechnical Considerations A geotechnical study was performed by Golder and Associates and is attached to this report. Permitting Review of Wind Power The environmental permitting steps below are based on the publication Alaska Wind Energy Development:Best Practices Guide to Environmental Permitting and Consultations,a study written in 2009 by URS Corporation,for the AEA. Alaska Pollution Discharge Elimination System State regulations (18 AAC 83 APDES)require that all discharges,including storm water runoff,to surface waters be permitted under the Alaska Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (APDES)permit program, which aims to reduce or eliminate storm-water runoff that might contain pollutants or sediments from a project site during construction.The construction of one or more wind turbines and the connecting access road and power line,in False Pass would likely not disturb one acre or more of soil,and thus will not need to be permitted under the State of Alaska's Construction General Permit (CGP)and have a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP).During the construction phase of the project a survey will confirm. Federal Aviation Administration Submission of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)Form 7460-1,Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration,is required in most situations of wind turbine construction.Given proximity of possible wind turbine sites to the runway,obstruction lighting on wind turbine(s)likely would be required. Alaska Department of Natural Resources The following two agencies are listed under the Alaska Department of Natural Resources. Alaska Coastal Management Program Consistency Review The Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP)sunset at 12:01 AM,Alaska Standard Time,on July 1, 2011 per AS 44.66.030.The Legislature adjourned the special legislative session May 14,2011 without passing legislation required to extend the Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP).If the ACMP is revived,False Pass will apply for approval of their wind project. 20|Page eaFide!.:False Pass Wind Energy «#2 State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)consultation The State Historical Preservation Office (SHPO)was consulted to ascertain if the area would be likely to contain sensitive historical sites.The project design consultant will complete a consultation under Section 106 of the Historic Preservation Act with the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO),to receive a letter concurring that a wind project would affect no historic properties.If the project siting is moved,False Pass will contact SHPO regarding the new site,but no issues are expected. US Army Corps of Engineers The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)requires the placement of fill in "waters of the United States”, including wetlands and streams,under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA).We do not foresee any issues with this,even if the site changes from the current met tower site. Wetlands and Waterways The project area has been reviewed for the presence and distribution of wetlands and aquatic resources using the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)National Wetland Inventory Wetland Mapper (2012). Current data is not available on the Wetland Mapper for False Pass,Alaska.However,there is digital information available on web site for nearby and similar landscapes. The NWI Wetland Mapper indicates complete coverage of the proposed project area by freshwater emergent,freshwater pond,lakes,and riverine features.All of these features and resources are regulated by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE).Fill placement and other discharges of construction materials into these features requires a section 404 permit from the Army Corps and may require mitigation and/or restoration of impacted habitats.It is important to note,however,that in wind energy development projects;wetland loss is largely due to road construction and foundations for wind turbines,issues far less at issue when not building a road to the site.Neither the current met tower site nor a proposed site near the runway for VAWTs will require a road. Vegetation The vegetation in the Unimak area is classified as marine tundra composed of arctic-alpine species, dominated by heath,grass and composite families.In general,three plant communities can be distinguished:beach communities,lowland and upland tundra. US Fish and Wildlife Service False Pass is located in an area known as habitat for Steller's eiders.Eiders spend most oftheir time on and near the coast,sometimes flying over land to reach another coast but they are not known for flying inland for any other reason.They generally fly at an altitude of 30'or less. 21|Page Consultations with USFWS prior to installing the met tower led to placement of the met tower inland from the beach by just over one mile.With mountains on to the north,west,and south,the expectation was that Eiders would not fly near the tower.Monitoring of the met tower following installation confirmed this expectation. USFWS prefers VAWTs as,according to the service,they do not pose a collision risk for birds as do horizontal wind turbines.USFWS has noted that VAWTs present a solid object that birds can see and avoid.Unfortunately,however,and as previously noted,village-scale VAWT technology is not yet reliable and hence cannot be recommended for False Pass.Despite USFWS concerns,only traditional HAWT technology would be appropriate for False Pass at this time,turbulence issues notwithstanding. Mitigation to minimize bird collision risk would be to locate HAWTs away from Isanotski Strait,although this exacerbates the turbulence problem. 22|Page .es'sll:False Pass Wind Energy «#%sncnsi Appendix A,Wind Resource Assessment Report 23|Page eeGis ae_lax False Pass Wind Energy -o2?-0tanuis Appendix B,Geotechnical Report Appendix C Distribution Survey 24|Page False Pass Wind Resource Report ie nae"MehdtL YFalsePasssmeteorologicaltower,view to the east,D.Vaught photo os iedomsi)abeot'iahty January 27,2012 Douglas Vaught,P.E. V3 Energy,LLC Eagle River,Alaska [ 1V3 Enercy LLC eteeee Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Summary Page |2 The wind resource as the False Pass met tower site is generally good with measured wind power class 4 by measurement of wind power density (Class 3 if considering only mean annual wind speed).Given the moderately cool temperatures of False Pass test site,air density is moderately higher than standard conditions.By other measures important for wind power analysis,the site has a low 50-year return period extreme wind probability but high turbulence;the latter apparently due to the high mountains that border Isantoski Strait and that are very near the met tower to the north,west and south. Turbulence intensity calculated from the met tower data indicates much higher than desirable turbulence conditions.This would require special care with turbine selection and operations. It is not immediately clear if an alternate wind site that has good wind exposure and less turbulence exists in the near proximity of the village of False Pass.Siting restrictions include the obvious constraints of geography -mountains and Isantoski Strait -and the location and orientation of the False Pass airstrip.Computation fluid dynamics (CFD)modeling may lend insight into wind flow patterns at False Pass and would be a useful tool to investigate other wind turbine siting options. Met tower data synopsis Data dates Wind power class Wind power density mean,30 m Wind speed mean,30 m Max.10-min wind speed average Maximum 2-sec.wind gust Weibull distribution parameters Wind shear power law exponent Roughness class IEC 61400-1,3"ed.classification Turbulence intensity,mean Calm wind frequency (at 30 m) Test Site Location May 7,2005 to August 19,2005 and November 30, 2005 to September 4,2007 (24 months);status: operational Class 3 to 4 (fair to good) 338 W/m? 6.11 m/s 26.5 m/s 39.0 m/s (January,2007) k =1.62,c=6.76 m/s 0.291 (high) 3.80 (suburban) Class III-S 0.173 (at 15 m/s) 35%(winds <4 m/s) Wind measurement instrumentation (anemometers,wind vane,temperature sensor)was installed on a 30 meter tall,six-inch diameter NRG Systems Inc.tubular meteorological (met)test tower in an open area near the coast,approximately 2.4 km (1.5 miles)north of the village of False Pass.The tower (still standing and operational again in October 2011)is located on a grassy outwash plain immediately north of a moderately-sized stream that drains from the extensive mountain range immediately west of the site.This location had been the village's preferred site for wind turbines,but more recent thoughts are to locate wind turbines closer to the village. P1V3 Enercy LLCemaEagleRiver,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |3 Met tower installation was accomplished on May 6 and 7,2005 by Doug Vaught of V3 Energy,LLC, Connie Fredenberg of Aleutian/Pribilof Islands Association,Mia Devine of Alaska Energy Authority,and George Jackson,power plant operator ofthe village of False Pass. Site information Site number 2399 Latitude/longitude N 54°52.443'W 163°24.646',WGS 84 Site elevation 17 meters (54 ft) Datalogger type NRG Symphonie,10 minute time step Tower type NRG 6-inch diameter tubular,30 meter height Tower installation photograp ei ee XG Ds |e em ;; C.Fredenberg and M.Devine heading to the site C.Fredenberg and G.Jackson assembling the tower | ee | eeten rem,ae ies Ae gee!te:ly ge ahae Lifting the met tower M.Devine,G.Jackson,C.Fredenber wrapping up F1V3 Enercy LLC atte |Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |4 Topographic maps,2D views Mo ee fat we tt wv .Pass Mat Tower,=rae On eo z ,<aw . 2) ° - \° - '° ttatae wer '< a . es iS a) Islen a | 1OPSF &i 2 Be | e Pass Met Tower F1V3 Enercy LLC Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |5 Tower sensor information Channel Sensor type Height Multiplier Offset Orientation 1 NRG #40 anemometer 30 m (A)0.765 0.35 "275°T 2 NRG #40 anemometer 30 m (B)0.765 0.35 095°T 3 NRG #40 anemometer 20m 0.765 0.35 240°T 7 NRG #200P wind vane 27m 0.351 050 230°T 9 NRG #1108 Temp C 3m 0.138 -86.3 N Met tower sensors photograph (view to the east) .Lan ;1! '|| '; rv P13 Enercy LLC Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Data Quality Control Data quality is excellent with data recovery of all three anemometers at nearly 100 percent for the time periods of actual data recovery (8/19/05 to 11/30/05 excluded)and 87.5 percent with that time period included.On 8/19/05 a bear visiting the site ripped out the sensor wiring inputs to the datalogger;this damage was repaired on 11/30/05.Although False Pass is located in a cold climate where icing conditions might be expected,very few icing events were detected in the data.Note that the temperature sensor was not functional from initial tower installation on 5/7/05 until 11/30/05,the date that the bear damage to sensor wiring was repaired. Data recovery summary table Possible Valid Recovery Label Units Height Records Records Rate (%) Speed 30mA m/s 30m 122,386 107,093 87.5 Speed 30 mB m/s 30m 122,386 107,087 87.5 Speed 20 m m/s 20m 122,386 107,090 87.5 Direction 27 m °27m 122,386 107,066 87.5 Temperature °C 3m 122,386 92,506 75.6 Anemometer and wind vane data recovery 30mA 30mB 20m Vane Possible Valid Page |6 Temp Recovery Recovery Recovery Recovery Recovery Year Month Records Records Rate(%)Rate(%)Rate(%)Rate(%)Rate (%) 2005 May 3,514 3,482 99.1 99.1 99.1 99.1 0.0 2005 Jun 4,320 4,320 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 2005 Jul 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 2005 Aug 4,464 2,740 61.4 61.4 61.4 61.4 0.0 2005 Sep 4,320 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2005 Oct 4,464 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2005 Nov 4,320 46 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2005 Dec 4,464 4,335 97.1 96.9 97.8 91.6 100.0 2006 Jan 4,464 4,460 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2006 Feb 4,032 4,032 100.0 100.0 99.1 100.0 100.0 2006 Mar 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2006 Apr 4,320 4,320 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2006 May 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2006 Jun 4,320 4,320 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2006 Jul 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2006 Aug 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2006 Sep 4,320 4,260 98.6 98.6 98.6 98.6 98.6 2006 Oct 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2006 Nov 4,320 4,320 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2006 Dec 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2007 Jan 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 wereV3 Enercy LLC aruninad Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |7 2007 Feb 4,032 3,833 95.1 95.1 95.1 100.0 100.0 2007 Mar 4,464 4,377 98.1 98.1 98.1 98.4 100.0 2007 Apr 4,320 4,320 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2007 May 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2007 Jun 4,320 4,320 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2007 Jul 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2007 Aug 4,464 4,464 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2007 Sep 504 504 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All data 122,386 107,093 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 75.6 Wind Speed Anemometer data obtained from the met tower,from the perspectives of both mean wind speed and mean wind power density,indicate a very good wind resource.Mean wind speeds are greater at higher elevations on the met tower,as one would expect.Note that relatively cold temperatures contributed to higher wind power density than otherwise might have been expected for the mean wind speeds Anemometer data summary Speed30m Speed30m Variable A B Speed 20 m Measurement height (m)30 30 20 Mean wind speed (m/s)6.01 6.06 5.34 MMM wind speed (m/s)6.06 6.11 5.38 Max 10-min avg wind speed (m/s)26.2 26.5 22.4 Max gust wind speed (m/s)39.0 38.6 37.1 Weibull k 1.59 1.62 1.55 Weibull c (m/s)6.54 6.76 5.93 Mean power density (W/m?)329 333 237 MMM power density (W/m?)333 338 239 Mean energy content (kWh/m?/yr)2,882 2,920 2,073 MMM energy content (kWh/m2/yr)2,917 2,961 2,094 Energy pattern factor 2.40 2.38 2.46 Frequency of calms (%)34.5 34.2 39.3 1-hr autocorrelation coefficient 0.863 0.864 0.859 Diurnal pattern strength 0.105 0.104 0.112 Hour of peak wind speed 16 16 16 MMM =mean of monthly means P13 Enercy LLCapiefagleRiver,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |8 Time Series Time series calculations indicate high mean wind speeds during the winter months with more moderate mean wind speeds during summer months.This correlates well with a typical village load profile of high electric and heat demand during the winter months and lower demand during summer months.The annua!and monthly daily wind profiles indicate highest wind during the mid-afternoon hours. 30m B anemometer data summary Std.Weibull Weibull Mean Max Gust Dev.k c Year Month (m/s)(m/s)(m/s)(m/s)(-)(m/s) 2005 May 6.32 19.5 27.1 3.70 1.74 7.08 2005 Jun 5.89 16.9 23.3 3.47 1.66 6.55 2005 Jul 4.44 12.9 18.3 2.61 1.71 4.96 2005 Aug 7.02 17.6 23.3 4.08 1.62 7.76 2005 Sep 2005 Oct 2005 Nov 2005 Dec 5.54 19.7 29.8 3.71 1.45 6.09 2006 Jan 5.73 16.5 27.9 3.13 1.81 6.40 2006 Feb 7.28 20.1 30.9 4.49 1.61 8.09 2006 Mar 6.37 22.2 32.4 4.09 1.51 7.03 2006 Apr 6.84 22.7 31.8 3.98 1.72 7.64 2006 May 6.49 23.1 29.8 4.61 1.35 7.05 2006 Jun 5.77 17.5 24.0 3.75 1.46 6.34 2006 Jul 5.80 17.9 23.7 3.26 1.75 6.47 2006 Aug 4.86 17.1 27.5 3.63 1.26 5.22 2006 Sep 5.34 24.2 35.9 3.88 1.33 5.80 2006 Oct 6.18 21.6 36.3 3.89 1.56 6.85 2006 Nov 8.16 20.6 36.3 3.89 2.17 9.18 2006 Dec 5.11 19.1 24.8 3.03 1.67 5.70 2007 Jan 7.17 26.5 38.6 4.60 1.55 7.96 2007 Feb 7.08 18.9 27.1 3.89 1.80 7.90 2007 Mar 8.17 19.3 30.2 3.92 2.17 9.18 2007 Apr 5.67 21.5 36.3 3.54 1.55 6.26 2007 May 5.50 17.5 24.0 3.89 1.33 5.95 2007 Jun 5.37 16.8 24.0 3.27 1.65 5.99 2007 Jul 4.58 13.8 21.8 3.12 1.40 5.00 2007 Aug 5.45 17.9 24.4 3.45 1.52 6.01 2007 Sep 6.63 16.5 27.5 3.82 1.69 7.37 All data 6.06 26.5 38.6 3.86 1.53 6.70 MMM 6.11 3.72 1.62 6.76 3 V3 Enercy LLCa|Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Seasonal time series graph Seasonal Wind Speed Profile Page |9 to ==Speed 30 mA -Speed 30 mB ==Speed 20 m 8 Vy¢|7 'S,\ &7 \ B4 § 2 2 em wearfS 0 ¥ Jan Feb Mar Ape May Jun Jul Aug Oct Nov Dec Annual daily wind profile 7 Wind Profile as weeks somee:Pratl -<<<-Speed 20m 7£ z,LJ 1&: i, 1 Fags bialoe 5 ' 6 12 18 24 HourofDay Monthly daily wind profile MeanDeityProfie a a es )iba |28s T+mee . 7 |Of\ee |i ment,i |ON rN ae Th.= -.-_:_.oa dm i §.$.5. > 6 bid i oy Theo |ge oT > 'Bed wa 2 Dee 1 :- Ay ed ST ee pee ee i >$@ 1 2 =V3 Enercy LLCeyEagleRiver,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Probability Distribution Function The probability distribution function (PDF),or histogram,of the False Pass met tower site wind speed indicates a shape curve somewhat dominated by lower wind speeds,as opposed to a "normal”shape curve,known as the Rayleigh distribution (Weibull k =2.0),which is defined as the standard wind distribution for wind power analysis.As seen in the PDF of the 30 m B anemometer,the most frequently occurring wind speeds are between 5 and 7 m/s with essentially no wind events exceeding 25 m/s (the cutout speed of most wind turbines;see following wind speed statistical table). PDF of30 m B anemometer 7 8 So™ £&=\5 /y \ PTA \sgs 21 / 14 =ae hb 'Ss ; 1 i 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Wind Speed (m/s) Frequency distribution table Weibull Weibull Mean Proportion Power R k c Above Density Squared Algorithm (m/s)(m/s)Mean (W/m2) Maximum likelihood 1.53 6.70 6.03 0.427 354 0.896 Least squares 1.38 6.81 6.22 0.414 455 0.903 WAsP 2.35 7.72 6.84 0.471 324 0.751 (107,087 time Actual data steps)6.06 0.471 324 [J V3 Enercy LLCBopcoucdEagleRiver,Alaska 907.350.5047 Page |10 om Maximum likelihood -=Least squares ==WAsP --Actual data False Pass Wind Resource Report Occurrence by wind speed bin,30 m B anemometer Bin Endpoints Bin Endpoints (m/s)Occurrences (m/s)Occurrences Lower Upper No.Percent Lower Upper No.Percent 0 1 9,225 8.80%15 16 923 0.88% 1 2 8,708 8.31%16 17 =588 0.56% 2 3 8,737 8.34%17 18 365 0.35% 3 4 8,988 8.58%18 19 195 0.19% 4 5 9,568 9.13%19 20 104 0.10% 5 6 10,356 9.88%20 21 77 0.07% 6 7 10,582 10.10%21 22 44 0.04% 7 8 9,356 8.93%22 23 8 0.01% 8 9 8,118 7.75%23 24 6 0.01% 9 10 6,530 6.23%24 25 4 0.00% 10 11 4,798 4.58%25 26 0 0.00% 11 12 3,715 3.55%26 27 1 0.00% 12 13 2,751 2.63%27 28 0 0.00% 13 14 1,930 1.84%28 29 0 0.00% 14 15 1,410 1.35%29 30 0 0.00% Wind Shear and Roughness A wind shear power law exponent (a)of 0.291 indicates high wind shear at the site.Related to wind shear,a calculated surface roughness of 0.878 meters (indicating the height above ground level where wind velocity would be zero)indicates very rough terrain (roughness description:suburban).This is somewhat curious as the terrain surrounding the met tower is mostly comprised of low-lying grass and light brush and presumably snow cover during the winter months.The high wind shear measured at the site indicates that it would be advantageous to erect wind turbines at higher hub heights if possible. Vertical wind shear profile VerticalWindSheerProfile,AN Sectors -Messeddem ae Mves Wind Speed jn/a) -Powe lew tH (wipe =0.291)=Log how a G20 ©0.764 mp Page |11 = [_1V3 Enercy LLC diam Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |12 Extreme Winds A modified Gumbel distribution analysis,based on monthly maximum winds vice annual maximum winds,was used to predict extreme winds at the False Pass met tower site.Note below that the extreme wind analysis shows relatively low extreme winds.Industry standard reference of extreme wind is the 50 year probable (50 year return period)ten-minute average wind speed,referred to as Vier. For False Pass this calculates to 29.1 m/s (at 30 meters),which meets International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)61400-1,3 edition Class Ill criteria.All wind turbines are designed for IEC Class III extreme winds. Extreme wind probability table,30 m A data Viet Gust IEC 61400-1,3rd ed. Period (years)(m/s)(m/s)Class Viet,m/s 3 23.9 35.4 I 50.0 10 26.1 38.7 H]42.5 20 27.4 40.6 HI 37.5 30 28.1 41.7 S designer- 50 29.1 43.1 specified 100 30.4 45.0 average gust factor:1.48 Extreme wind graph 50.0 i"False Pass Extreme Wind 45.0 2 enE40.03 Va335.0a =10-min max =30.0=.-_-=gust 20.0 T ¥T T T T T T LJ ul 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Period,years Temperature,Density,and Relative Humidity False Pass experiences cool summers and moderately cold winters with resulting higher than standard air density.Calculated mean-of-monthly-mean air density during the met tower test period exceeds the 1.223 kg/m?standard air density for a 17 meter elevation by approximately three percent.This is advantageous in wind power operations as wind turbines produce more power at low temperatures (high air density)than at standard temperature and density. }V3 Enercy LLC eaimed Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |13 Temperature and density table Temperature Air Density Month Mean Mean Min Max Mean Min Max (°C)(°F)(°C)(°C)(kg/m?)(kg/m?)(kg/m?) Jan -0.9 30.3 -10.5 7.4 1.294 1.255 1.341 Feb 2.6 36.6 -14.1 11.2 1.278 1.239 1.359 Mar -0.3 31.4 -13.3 12.1 1.291 1.235 1.355 Apr 2.9 37.3 -3.2 16.0 1.276 1.218 1.305 May 5.8 42.4 0.1 19.6 1.251 1.203 1.289 Jun 9.4 48.8 3.0 17.5 1.239 1.212 1.275 Jul 12.1 53.9 6.6 22.1 1.231 1.193 1.259 Aug 13.1 55.5 6.4 21.2 1.228 1.196 1.260 Sep 10.6 51.1 3.8 19.0 1.232 1.205 1.272 Oct 7.7 45.9 1.8 13.3 1.238 1.223 1.281 Nov 3.5 38.3 -3.9 8.8 1.248 1.223 1.308 Dec 2.3 36.1 -7.8 8.5 1.279 1.250 1.327 Annual 5.7 42.3 -14.1 22.1 1.257 1.193 1.359 Annual temperature boxplot ws Monthly StatisticsforTemperature :Sa »T T T_| T T |oe aa a é ||Ai| -tid l ; _ » a jon Fed ier ap wey aun ut Aug Sep Oe Wow Bec an Temperature data,measurement period -_ Er aoN ain f iL)NS ZL -_L/ 5 \MY £.V [V3 Enercy LLCDiocmmadEagleRiver,Alaska 907.350.5047 Page [14FalsePassWindResourceReport Air density DMap 3 re,All Sectors30mBvs.T SUR es ; LA deseeetSoenemnens7 S sep mtie pennen, Ma t bt dtarkitbetrretteneyityPh7 -10-20 percentage of wind events across all temperatures.The minimum temperature is relatively warm by Alaska standards at -14°C (7°F).It is not likely that arctic-capable wind turbines with special low The wind speed versus temperature scatterplot for the False Pass wind site indicates a relatively even temperatures lubricants and heaters would be necessary for False Pass. Demmad Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 Wind Speed Scatterplot Wind speed/temperature 1 V3 Enercy LLC 18. 2 6 °. P Fane0H (sau)guocpeodg. False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |15 Wind Direction Wind frequency rose data indicates that winds at False Pass are primarily northwest and south with a lesser component of north winds.The mean value rose indicates that the primary and secondary frequency winds occur in strength proportional to their occurrence,but interestingly,when infrequenct east-southeast winds occur,they are very strong.Combining these roses into a wind energy rose,one can see that the power-producing winds at the False Pass met tower site are predominately northwest and south,with a lesser degree of northerly winds.Calm frequency (percent of time that winds at the 30 meter level are less than 4 m/s)was a moderately high 35 percent during the test period. Observing winds on a monthly basis indicates that northwesterly winds mostly occur during the spring and summer months while northerly and southerly winds mostly occur during the winter months. Wind frequency rose Mean value rose (30 m B anem.) 'Waal Frequency Rese Mean of Speed 30 =8 WPD"°w 2 comm ue ° w mn vr "=w ny . -cal : - o w we aer ws had tial Lad owe we oon -we w - Wind energy rose (30 m B anem.)Scatterplot rose of 30 m B wind power density Total Wend Energy (30 a}Scatterpiot of Speed 30 =6 WFD_w m=w >"w ci oa r =ts 7? w me.ww ae ”Las 2 ;; vr =Ww aw ne nw Oe bial rene w w w - sd V3 Enercy LLCEagleRiver,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |16 Wind density roses by month (common scale) dan Feb Mar Ape v v °Cr20Toaoe)mer oe ar a por 2 od 2 ce oo ar po >ee mr ee sor or ae or ame wo mo »fenae o mr ow i pobot 5 Lo :14%1%i tate .1%F ao 2%wr a ”a wa wor ae wr -ur aoe eer ne 199 fe a0 a 190°wm 1.ww May dun dul Aug r v oo r ao 4 - oe ma ey me 7 ow moot,me w 1%14%ey 120"we oe 120"7 1 wo om Ww. ae a ae or ne no at180"- Oct Dec o r a "ww 0 a ae we co 0 or ae wer Ps 100°m0.130° Turbulence Turbulence intensity (TI)at the False Pass met tower site indicates unexpectedly turbulent conditions that are well above IEC 61400-1,3 edition (2005)turbulence category A criteria,which is the most turbulent defined category.This can be seen in the TI graph of anemometer 30 m B at all directions sectors,and also in Tl graphs of isolating the north,south,and northwest direction sectors that represent the power-producing winds at the site. With the high turbulence,the False Pass site classifies by IEC 61400-1,3 Edition,criteria as Category S, or special conditions.The 30 meter B anemometer mean TI at 15 m/s is 0.173 and the representative TI at 15 m/s is 0.232,both of which are quite high and considered generally undesirable for wind turbine operations. High turbulence at the met tower test site is almost certainly due to the high mountains that border Isantoski Strait and that are very near the met tower to the north,west and south.It's likely that air flowing more through the center of Isantoski Strait is less turbulent that at the margins near the mountains,which is the location of the met tower,but that is an academic consideration as it would be impractical from a wind power siting perspective.Insight into turbulent airflow in the False Pass area could be aided by use of computational fluid dynamics analysis to predict airflow patterns. 13 Enercy LLC Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Turbulence intensity graph,30 m B,all direction sectors 10 Turbulence intensityat30m,All Sectors Vile0.0. 10 fr 2 2 » Turbulence intensity,30 m B,north sector power-producing winds 10 Turbutence Intensity st 30 m,346”-15"' :-RepresentativeTI=[EC CategoryA-IEC Category8=IEC CategoryC 00. Turbulence intensity,30 m B,south sector power-producing winds os Turbulence Intensityst38m,165°-195"=RepresentativeTi==IEG CategoryA-EC Category8AAIECCategoryC os Foot i ge+ i :r on 10 15 2 2 »'Wind Speed pats} Page |17 [1V3 Enercy LLC eZ Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |18 Turbulence intensity,30 m A,northwest sector power-producing winds 10.Turbulence intensityst30m,286°-315" al \- ims| |--oo ->mNy ' 6 Ey/Wind Speed fn/y) Turbulence intensity rose,30m B Mean T!at 30 m 350"toe [V3 Enercy LLComaEagleRiver,Alaska 907.350.5047 False Pass Wind Resource Report Page |19 Turbulence table,30 m B data,all wind sectors Bin Bin Endpoints Midpoint Lower Upper Records Representative (m/s)(m/s)(m/s)inBin MeanTl SDofTi TI Peak TI 1.0 0.5 1.5 9,100 0.583 0.176 0.808 1.571 2.0 1.5 2.5 8,810 0.395 0.185 0.631 1.300 3.0 2.5 3.5 8,736 0.327 0.162 0.534 1.346 4.0 3.5 4.5 9,327 0.287 0.141 0.468 0.972 5.0 4.5 5.5 9,898 0.262 0.121 0.418 0.844 6.0 5.5 6.5 10,680 0.238 0.107 0.374 0.732 7.0 6.5 7.5 10,107 0.221 0.098 0.346 0.682 8.0 75 8.5 8,823 0.209 0.086 0.319 0.603 9.0 8.5 9.5 7,264 0.199 0.080 0.301 0.547 10.0 9.5 10.5 5,643 0.196 0.074 0.291 0.510 11.0 10.5 11.5 4,172 0.193 0.068 0.280 0.458 12.0 11.5 12.5 3,287 0.186 0.059 0.262 0.475 13.0 12.5 13.5 2,266 0.181 0.051 0.246 0.418 14.0 13.5 14.5 1,635 0.180 0.050 0.243 0.424 15.0 14.5 15.5 1,135 0.173 0.046 0.232 0.360 16.0 15.5 16.5 732 0.173 0.048 0.235 0.364 17.0 16.5 17.5 475 0.163 0.040 0.214 0.374 18.0 17.5 18.5 280 0.166 0.039 0.215 0.290 19.0 18.5 19.5 143 0.167 0.035 0.212 0.265 20.0 19.5 20.5 86 0.158 0.029 0.195 0.228 21.0 20.5 21.5 53 0.158 0.027 0.193 0.227 22.0 21.5 22.5 26 0.146 0.022 0.175 0.200 23.0 22.5 23.5 11 0.136 0.028 0.172 0.177 24.0 23.5 24.5 2 0.168 0.002 0.171 0.169 25.0 24.5 25.5 2 0.212 0.022 0.240 0.228 26.0 25.5 26.5 0 27.0 26.5 27.5 1 0.185 0.000 0.185 0.185 F _1V3 Enercy LLC tePremed Eagle River,Alaska 907.350.5047 ©GolderAssociates June 2,2014 123-95824.01 Maggie McKay Marsh Creek,LLC2000East88"Avenue Anchorage,AK 99507 RE:GEOTECHNICAL RECONNASSIANCE FOR WIND TURBINE FEASIBILITY,FINAL FALSE PASS,ALASKA Dear Mrs.McKay: Golder Associates Inc.(Golder)Is pleased to present the results of our geotechnical reconnaissance and conceptual level engineering recommendations for the feasibility study of wind turbine generation in False Pass,Alaska.This phase of the project is supported by the Alaska Energy Authority's (AEA's) Renewable Energy Fund Grant Program. 1.0 INTRODUCTION We understand that the City of False Pass is considering the feasibility of installing one or more wind turbine generators (WTGs)near the community.We understand that the site of the current Meteorological (Met)Tower,installed collaboratively by AEA in 2005,is also the proposed site for the wind turbine(s),and this location was provided by you.The proposed site is located at the north end of the community,about 1.2 miles from the main townsite,and adjacent to the north and to the east of the landfill.The site is within the lower alluvial fan of Ungaman Creek,and about 0.2 miles inland from Isanotski Straight /Bechevin Bay (as shown in Figures 1,2,and 3). It Is understood that the size,type,and number of wind turbine(s),and type of supporting tower(s),are still being determined.And therefore,foundation configuration and loads are unknown at this time.We understand from you that preliminary wind data suggests turbulence coming off the mountains,which will strongly influence the appropriate type of installation.For that reason,vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs)are being considered as an alternative to the more conventional horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs),and associated metal tubular or lattice towers,that have typically been deployed in western / southwesterm Alaska (i.e.,Northwind 100 or Vestas V20). In support of this feasibillty study,our scope of work was to review readily available existing geotechnicaldata,conduct a reconnaissance walk-through of the site,advance two shallow hand-probes,and developpreliminaryconceptual-level foundation options and other geotechnical considerations.A description of methods and findings of this effort is presented in the following sections of this report.Our services have been conducted In general accordance with our proposal to you dated March 29,2012 and our ensuing Subcontract Agreement. 2.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGIC AND CLIMATE SETTING 2.1 Regional Geology False Pass is located on Unimak Island,at the far western end of the Alaska Peninsula,near the eastern margin of the Aleutian Islands.Unimak Island is part of the East Aleutian Volcanic Arc,consisting of a chain of volcanic islands located along the crest of a submarine ridge.The Aleutian Trench Is one of the Golder Associates Inc.2121 Abbott Road,Sulte 100 Anchorage,AK 89507 USA Tel:(907)344-6001 Fax:(907)344-6011 www.goider.com Golder Associates:Operations in Africa,Asia,Austraiasia,Europe,North America and South America Golder,Golder Associates and the GA globe design are trademarks of Golder Associates Corporation Faise Pass Wind Turbine Foastbifty Maggie McKay June 2,2014 Marsh Creek,LLC 2 123-95824.01 world's most active tectonic plate boundary zones;where the Pacific Oceanic Plate is sub-ducting under the North American Continental Plate.As part of the Aleutian Islands Section of the Alaska-Aleutian Physiographic Province,the area is noted for its mix of recent volcanic terrain and Pleistocene glacial features.The landscape Is generally rugged and steep;being shaped by volcanic activity,extensive glaciation,and subsequent glacial erosion.Terrain features are often stark and spectacular,such as dramatic U-shaped glacial valleys and steep cirques,stratovolcanic cones,calderas,and cliff-lined fjords. There are seven historically active volcanoes within a 100 mile radius of the site (ADGGS,2014);with Shishaldin Volcano being the closest,located near the center of Unimak Island,24 miles to the west. Deposits of volcanic ash are found throughout the region. The city of False Pass,Including the proposed wind site,however,is situated on a nearly level bench that was Initially formed by tidal action and frost weathering of rock and has been expanded by the development of alluvial fans where streams break out of thelr steep mountain channels.In some areas, wind-blown silt and sand from active beaches are often mixed with volcanic ash to form a surface veneer. The proposed site is located on the broad alluvial fan of Ungaman Creek (USGS,1998).Drainage is typically weil defined on the mountain slopes above the site with steep,swift,high-energy stream flow. Low velocity,branching and recombining streams are typical over broad alluvial fan deposits at lower elevations,and toward the coastline. The region is mapped as "generally free of permafrost”(Ferrians,1965)with a few small isolated masses of permafrost at higher elevations.Permafrost may be present under thicker peat or organic silt deposits or along windswept ridges and areas of topographic relief.Permafrost is not expected to be present at this site given its low elevation,moderate maritime climate,geologic history,proximity to the coast,and thin vegetative ground cover. 2.2 Regional Climate Information As a result of its coastal location,False Pass lies In the maritime climate zone.According to the Community Database (DCED,2014),temperatures range from 11 to 55 °F and annual snowfall averages 56 inches,with total annual precipitation of 33 inches.Prevailing winds come from the north and south; however,large gusts of often turbulent wind come from the west off of the mountains (YourCleanEnergy LLC,2010),and are often strong during winter.Fog is common during summer months. The freezing index for False Pass is about 500°F-days,and many freeze-thaw cycles occur each winter. 3.0 SITE SURFACE CONDITIONS The ground surface at the proposed site is relatively flat with slight undulations,and has a low down- gradient toward the coast (see site photos in Appendix A).Site elevation ranges between 30 and 50 feet above sea level (DCED,2014),and is approximately 8 to 12 feet or more above the level of the creek.The current channel of Ungaman Creek Is a little over 200 feet south of the site,and is incised into the alluvial fan.There is also a drainage path,located within 60 to 80 feet north of the site,that drains westward and flows intermittently.No standing water was noted on the surface of the site,but occurrence of wetlands would need to be verified by others. Near the site,vegetation consists of a mixture of relatively open tundra,tall grass,and salmonberry brush with discontinuous,dense stands of alder.Hillsides rising away from the beach are typically thick with mature alder and chest-high brush. Vehicle access to the site is via the road to the landfill,and travel over the site is by ATV or tracked- vehicle,not suitable for regular rubber-tired cars or trucks.The guyed Met Tower is currently on the site, and there is a two foot deep trench surrounding the tower in an approximate 100 foot square. <, E@2\3 GolderFalsePassWindTurbineFeasibility Maggie McKay June 2,2014 Marsh Creek,LLC 3 123-95824.01 4.0 EXISTING GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION We reviewed geotechnical data near the proposed wind turbine site,which is summarized below. m@ Proposed Landfill,2002 Investigation:!n September of 2002,HDR Alaska,Inc.and Duane Miller &Associates (DMA)conducted subsurface test pit excavations for the then proposed landfill. @ Four test pits (named TH-1 thru TH-4)were completed in the general vicinity of the proposed wind turbine site,including one (TH-1)within the current landfill tract,two down gradient of the landfill near the proposed wind site (TH-2 and TH-3),and one (TH-4)at the cut bank of Ungaman Creek downstream. @ In general,the test pits encountered half to a foot of organics at the surface, underiain by mostly sandy silt to 5 to 6 foot depths,underlain by a mixture of sand, silt,and occasional gravel inclusions,but mostly sand.Some of the upper silt can be Interpreted as possible volcanic ash.Cobbles were also noted. ®Groundwater was not noted within the depth of excavation (typically 11 foot depth)of test pits TH-1 thru TH-3.The cut bank at TH-4 was 8.5 feet higher than the water level in the creek. @ A copy of the report is included in Appendix B,Including a map showing the investigations and records of test pit logs. @ Proposed afill,2004 Investigation:Additional investigations were completed by DMA in September of 2004 for the proposed landfill and access road. @ Four test boreholes (named FP-11 thru FP-14)were drilled within and near the current landfill tract. @ Organics near the surface was commonly less than a foot thick.Below that,soils intheupper11to25feetoftheseholeswerevariable,and contained a mixture of sand,silty sand,and trace to some gravel and cobbles,but mostly silty sand.Below 11 to 25 foot depths,to the depths of explorations of 21 to 31 feet,soils were more consistent containing relatively clean sand and gravel with cobbles and boulders. @ Two samples were collected from the City Pit located in the floodplain of Round Top Valley Creek.Both an unprocessed "pit run”sample and a sample that had been run through the "grizzly”screener were obtained.The material consisted of mostly gravel,with cobbles and sand,and has less than 6%fines content,classifying as non-frost susceptible with USCS class (GW-GM)to (GP). @ Cobbles and boulders were noted lining the creek bed and bank at the bridge crossing of Ungaman Creek that serves as access to the landfill.This bridge is more than 1,000 feet up-gradient of the proposed site.It was also noted that clast sizes of bank and channel deposits decrease gradually downstream. @ A copy of the report is included In Appendix B,including a map showing the Investigations,records of test pit logs,and grain size distributions of the borrow source. The Alaska Department of Natural Resource's database of domestic and public water well logs,available on-line through the Well Log Tracking System (WELTS),did not reveal any water wells located in the area of the project site. 5.0 FIELD RECONNASIANNCE A geotechnical field reconnaissance was conducted by Golder's geologist,Mr.Danie!Willman,on May 23,2012.The reconnaissance in False Pass was completed consecutively with trips to prospective wind =eSF Golder False Pass Wind Turbine Feasibility CZ Associates Maggie McKay June 2,2014 Marsh Creek,LLC 4 123-95824.01 sites in Cold Bay and Nelson Lagoon.The field effort entailed visually observing and walking the proposed wind site,completing two shallow hand probes,and visiting local borrow sources. 5.3 Hand Probes During the reconnaissance,the field effort entailed hand excavating and sampling two hand test probes, identified as KFP-1 and KFP-2,as shown in Figure 2.The hand probe locations were selected in the fleld based on our understanding of the prospective site (i.e.proximity to the Met Tower),information regarding property boundaries,existing geologic reports,and site considerations. Mr.Willman performed the excavation in part with a shovel and advanced a hand probe while maintaining a log of samples and subsurface conditions.Soils encountered were visually classified in the field according to the Unified Solls Classification System (USCS),presented on Figure 4.Conditions encountered in the test probes are summarized In Table 1 below,and shown on the site photos in Appendix A. Representative soil samples were collected from each test probe.The recovered samples were visually classified In the field before being individually sealed in plastic bags and transported to our Anchorage laboratory for further examination and classification. Table 1;Summary of Hand Test Probes Probe Location Hand Probe #[|Description of Soils Latitude Longitude KFP 1 Surface vegetation:Tall!grass.N 54.873920°W 163.410770° Qto1feet:Brown,Silty SAND with Organics (SM wi Org.) 1 to 1.5 feet:Gray,SAND,trace fines,with little Gravel (SP),medium grained sand 1.5 to 4.5 feet:Moist,brown to dark brown,Sandy SILT to Sitty SAND (ML to SM) 4.5 to 7.5 feet:Moist,brown/gray,poorly-gradedSAND,traceto little silt,trace gravel,(SP-SM) Bottom of Hote 7.5 feet. No Groundwater encountered. KFP 2 Surface vegetation:Tall grass and shrub.N 54.874220°W 163.410860° Q to 1.5 feet:Brown,Silty SAND with Organics {SM w/Org.) 1.5 to 3 feet:Gray,SAND,trace to little silt,with litte Gravel (SP-SM), 3 to 6 feet:Brown,Silty SAND,(SM) 6 to 7 feet:Moist,brown,poorly-graded SAND, trace to little silt,trace gravel,(SP to SP-SM) Bottom of Hole 7 feet. No Groundwater encountered. Notes:1)Probe coordinates were acquired using hand-held GPS with navigational accuracy,using horizontal datum WGS84,2)The location of the Met Tower was recorded as N 54.87406°W 163.41075°. Shallow bedrock was not observed during this test probe program or during the previous investigations at the landfill,and is not anticipated to be near the surface at the proposed site.Volcanic ash was not specifically noted in the test probes,but could potentially be present on-site and intermixed with the sediments and overburden. (SF GolderFolsePassWindTurbineFeasibiltyrAssociates Maggie McKay June 2,2014 Marsh Creek,LLC 5 123-95824.01 §.2 Borrow Stockpiles Two stockpiles of borrow material were noted in the community.The first source is reported to be extracted from the active channel of the Round Top Valley Creek,and comprised mostly of relatively clean sand,gravel,and cobbles.Material is screened and stockpiled in an area between the Round Top Valley Creek and Isanotski Drive.This material site is reported to be owned and operated by the Isanotski Corporation.Samples of this material source were collected and tested during the 2004 investigation by DMA,indicating sandy gravel with cobbles (GW-GM)to (GP)USCS classification (seeSection4andAppendixBforfurtherdetails). The second borrow stockpile Is located closer to the proposed site at the Crab Pot Storage Site,and is owned by the City of False Pass.The source of this material is unknown,but the stockpile appears to be comprised of relatively clean sand and gravel with cobbles.Photos are shown of the stockpiles in Appendix A. Apparently,based on discussion with personnel from the City of False Pass (2014),the material Is good quality,and is utilized both for local projects and as export to other nearby communities,and has been utilized by contractors in the past as concrete aggregate.The screening plant is available for rent,along with heavy equipment.Therefore,the material is considered suitable for constructing access roads and pads for this project,and is likely suitable for use as structural fill and concrete aggregate,but may have to be screened or otherwise processed for those purposes.No samples were collected for testing,and quality and composition will need to be verified during the next phase of the project. 6.0 GEOTECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND CONCEPTUAL-LEVEL FOUNDATION OPTIONS 6.1 Summary of Expected Conditions Based on the findings of this report,subsurface conditions are inferred to be comprised of shallow organics and a stratum of sandy silty material that is underlain by granular sandy and/or gravelly material. Based on the available information,the organic and silty materials extend down to 5 to 6 feet depths below the ground surface. Shallow groundwater,within the upper 11 feet,is not expected.Shallow bedrock is not expected.Large- dimensioned materials (cobbles and boulders)could impact installation of a deep foundation. 6.2.Conceptual Foundation Options As stated,the size,type,location,and number of wind turbines,and associated supporting towers,have yet to be determined in this phase of the project.And therefore,no foundation configuration or loads are known at this time.However,for foundation design of wind turbines,overturning moments at the base of the towers is most often the controlling loading scenario.Dynamic loading from the structures,including vibration and resonance frequencies,may also be a foundation design consideration. From this preliminary understanding of conditions,the wind turbine site is considered suitable for both shallow concrete gravity foundations and deep foundations,such as helical or driven steel piles,or concrete caissons.Alternatives to these conventional foundations may be appropriate for smaller-sized turbines that are being considered here. Once more detailed selection of wind turbine type,tower,and exact location(s)are known,it is recommended that additional site-specific geotechnical subsurface investigation and detailed foundation engineering be conducted at that time. False Pass Wind Turbine Feasibility .#Associates Maggie McKay June 2,2014 Marsh Creek,LLC 6 123-95824.01 6.2.1 Shallow Foundations In the case of a shallow concrete foundation,it would be advisable to remove the organic,silty,and otherwise deleterious materials from the foundation footprint,including any volcanic ash,if present.The foundation should be placed bearing within the underlying granular materials.Pretliminarily,the organic and silty materials are expected to extend down to 5 to 6 feet depths below the ground surface. Depending upon the condition and relative density of the underlying granular materials In which the foundation bears,and the bearing pressures exerted from the foundation,the in-situ material may need to be densified by compaction,or otherwise improved or replaced with a layer of compacted structural fill. The exposed subgrade must be proof compacted,and any soft or yielding surfaces removed and replaced.If the in-place solls at the expected shallow foundation depth range are frost susceptible,frost protection measures would be needed to reduce the potential for seasonal frost penetration under the tower foundation.Based on the information,groundwater is expected to be greater than 11 feet deep,but should be verified,and may change seasonally and with precipitation events.The foundation should be designed to avoid excavating below the ground water level in order to reduce/eliminate the need for dewatering.Either cast-in-place reinforced concrete foundation or post tensioned,pre-cast foundation systems can be used. 6.22 Deep Foundations Various types of deep foundations are also considered viable at this site.First,larger diameter helical pile foundation systems are considered feasible,but not without Installation risk due to the potential to encounter larger dimensioned subsurface materials (cobbles and boulders).Helical piles would require sufficient embedment to develop axial and lateral capacity for the wind turbine units being considered. Large dimensioned materials,Including cobbles and boulders,were noted frequently in the creek channel and cut bank up-gradient of the site,and should be expected,but to a lesser extent,at this proposed site. Material this large can Impact helical pile installation,and could severely damage the helices even with predrilling.Of particular concer is the requirement to maintain precise location for the helical piles within the foundation system.{f a helical pile is able to penetrate the cobbles and boulders,the larger dimensioned material may deflect and force the helical pile from the desired target location.The amount of defiection can be considerable and may not meet the design tolerances.The occurrence of cobbles and boulders should be evaluated during the site-specific geotechnical investigation,detailed foundation design,and planning for installation. Driven pile is another deep foundation option for the wind turbine(s).As stated above,the presence of cobbles and boulders may impact installation of driven piles with the potential to damage the piles during driving or pre-mature refusal.The larger dimensioned materials will prohibit use of displacement (closed end)piles,thus H-Piles or open end pipe piles will most likely be required.Predrilling and other methods may be required to achieve embedment through the larger dimensioned materials where present,but this is often difficult and may be costly to mobilize equipment.Driven piles would need to be embedded deeper comparatively to helical piles,in order to develop the same axial resistance,particularly in uplift. However,driven piles pose somewhat less risk in terms of installation difficulties in large-dimensioned material compared to helical piles. Deep concrete cassion or pier foundations may also be viable,but are not preferred over helical or driven piles. With any deep foundation,the lateral resistance from soils in the upper portion of the foundation have a higher proportional influence on the overall lateral performance.With this in mind,and with the expectation of sandy silty material close to the surface that may provide limited lateral resistance,the deep foundation option may have to be augmented with compacted structural fill to improve that lateral performance.Structural fill can either be placed on top of the silty material,or in partial replacement of it. In this scenarlo,the addition of non-frost susceptible structural fill (defined on Figure 5)could also reduce frost heave forces on the foundation. Feise Pass Wind Turbine Feasibility Maggie McKay June 2,2014 Marsh Creek,LLC 7 123-95824.01 lf a deep pile option is being considered,we advise conducting deep geotechnical soil borings at the proposed pile locations to determine the nature and extent of subsurface materials for a pile foundation design. 6.2.3 Other Foundation Options for Smaiier Turbines tf smaller sized turbines and towers are selected,alternate foundation options may also be viable to resist the smaller loads,in lieu of the conventional shallow and deep foundations listed above. Concrete caissons or piers may be viable foundation options.The embedment depth and size needed for these foundations will depend upon the turbine /tower structure and resulting loads,and these factors will greatly influence the practicality of this type of foundation and the necessary installation methods.It would be beneficial to the cost of the project if a caisson or pler foundation system could be designed such that construction could be accomplished with excavation and heavy equipment that Is available in the community,rather than requiring specialized drilling equipment for installation. Hybrid foundation systems,such as a shallow concrete base with uplift screw anchors,may also warrant consideration.The advantage of this type system over a concrete gravity foundation is that the uplift anchors are useful In counterbalancing overturning loads,and thus could potentially reduce the overall size of the concrete,comparatively.However,the advantage of this type of system over a concrete gravity foundation is reduced since It would still be advisable to remove the organic and silty material.As stated above,large-dimensioned materials,if present on site,may impact installation of the screw anchors. According to YourCleanEnergy LLC (2010),Aleutian Pribilof Island Community Development Association (APICDA)installed a Sky Stream 1.8kW wind turbine with a 33 foot monopole tower located next to the City Office.The type of foundation that supports this wind system,and the performance thereof,will be researched and information included for the final version of this report. 6.3 Access Road and Pad A road and pad may be needed to access the proposed wind site(s)extending from the existing Landflll site.The surface organic material should be stripped before an embankment Is constructed.Removal oftherelativelythinorganicswillgenerallyexposeasiltysand/sandy silt that will provide firmer support fortheroadwaysectionthaniftheorganicswereoverlaid.Otherwise,a geotextile could be placed on the ground surface prior to fill in lieu of excavating the thin organics.The silty sand subgrade material is frost susceptible,and therefore the roadway section should be thick enough to reduce the effects of frost boils on the surface material.Preliminarily,a minimum fill embankment section would be 18 to 24 inches thick. Generally a thicker section will provide better performance and long term service;however,the embankment thickness could potentially be minimized considering the expected light use of the road. The thickness of the road embankment would also have to consider the equipment and wheel loads needed for construction. Hf the overburden material along a proposed access road is ash-rich,care must be taken to avoid disturbing the surface organic cover (DMA,2004).The ash-rich material is likely to be weak and difficult to work with when wet. 7.0 LIMITATIONS ANDO USE OF REPORT This report has been prepared for the use by Marsh Creek,LLC for conceptualevel feasibility study for the proposed wind turbines near False Pass,Alaska.As the project progresses,and civil and structural engineering designs are advanced,we must be contacted to verify or modify our conceptual-level geotechnical recommendations presented in this submittal.!f there are significant changes in nature, design,or location of the facility,we should be notified so that we may review our conclusions and recommendations in light of the proposed changes and provide written modification or verification of the changes. False Pass Wind Turbine Feasibility Maggie McKay June 2,2014 Marsh Creek,LLC 8 123-95824.01 There are possible variations in subsurface conditions between explorations and also with time. Therefore,inspection and testing by a qualified geotechnical engineer should be included during construction to provide corrective recommendations adapted to the conditions revealed during the work. Unanticipated soil conditions are commonly encountered that cannot be determined by a limited numberofexplorationsorsoilsamples.Such unexpected conditions frequently result in additional project costs in order to bulld the project as designed.Therefore,a contingency for unanticipated conditions should be included In the construction budget and schedule. The work program followed the standard of care expected of professionals undertaking similar work in the State of Alaska under similar conditions.No warranty expressed or implied is made. 8.0 CLOSING It has been a pleasure to assist you with this interesting project.As the project proceeds,please feel free to contact us with any questions or concerns.We look forward to our continued involvement with Marsh Creek on this and future projects. Sincerely, GOLDER ASSOCIATES INC. ravis E.Ross,PE homas G.Krzewinski,PE,D.GE,F.ASCE Senior Geotechnical Engineer Principal and Senior Geotechnical Engineering Consultant Attachments:References Figure 1 Project Vicinity Plan Figure 2 Project Location Map Figure 3 Site Map Figure 4 Soil Classification Legend Figure 5 Frozen Soil Classification Legend Appendix A Site Photos -Geotechnical Reconnaissance Appendix B Historic Geotechnical Data TER/TGK/mip Felse Pass Wind Turbine Feasibility REFERENCES City of False Pass,April 4,2014,telephone discussion with City Staff regarding borrow sources. Department of Commerce,Community,and Economic Development (DCED).Community Database Online,accessed 03/2014 (http://commerce.alaska.gov/cra/DCRAExternal).State of Alaska,Division of Community and Regional Affairs. Detterman,R.I.,Wilson,F.H.,Weber,F.R.,Dochat,T.M.,and Miller,T.P.,1998,Revised Geologic Map of the Cold Bay and False Pass Quadrangles,Alaska Peninsula,Alaska.Prepared for the United States Department of the Interior,U.S.Geologic Survey,Open-File Report 87-866. Duane Miller &Associates (DM&A),September 5,2002,Geotechnical Consultation,Proposed Landfill, False Pass,Alaska,DM&A Job No.4086.44 Duane Miller &Associates (DM&A),March 30,2004,Geotechnical Exploration,Proposed Solid Waste Landfill,False Pass,Alaska,DM&A Job No.4086.047. Ferrians,O.J.,Jr.,1965,Permafrost Map of Alaska:U.S.Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geological Investigations Map 1-445,Scale 1:2,500,000. Schaefer,J.R.,Cameron,C.E.,and Nye,C.J.,2014,Historically active volcanoes of Alaska,in Schaefer, J.R.,Cameron,C.E.,and Nye,C.J.,Historically active volcanoes of Alaska:Alaska Division of Geological &Geophysical Surveys Miscellaneous Publication 133 v.1.2,1 sheet,scale 1:3,000,000. YourCleanEnergy LLC,May 2010,by Andy Baker,P.E.and Lee Bolling,E.1.T.Renewable Energy Resource Assessment for the Communities of Cold Bay,False Pass,and Nelson Lagoon,report for Aleutians East Borough,funded by a grant from the Alaska Energy Authority,Project No.407051. False Pass Wind Turbine Feasiblity FIGURES re Path:Yenchenage\Pub Geometcr Marah Creai\taing Pasa 88 PROJECTS!2395842 01 Fates Pron Wind |Par Marne:1238884201001dwg, ee ae _ytSeoel eRaneeNY ; 5 .oie)mame +ee oot ae ow ed 4 PROJECT _LOCATION ma£PROJECT LOCATION Becheuiny Po Ss "o .i tae.Bad 73nIQLOT&areee *HOBT «3»- \.-Cann SIgT Ry 669K x)- " nT ae ee .' ui A Ros-.-f a 42 1 -3 < my la "y ae eeeere<ve aeune i sca MESfemtttALeyoyv CUENT PROJECT MARSH CREEK FALSE PASS WIND FEASIBILITY FALSE PASS,ALASKA CONSULTANT YYYY-MM-DD 2014-05-28 TITLE . REFERENCE 1:83,380 SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS PRODUCED AND DISTRIBUTED BY a PREPARED APG VICINITY MAP USGS.QUADRANGLESUSED INCLUDE FALSE PASS (D-4),ALASKA (1998)GF DESIGN TERANDFALSEPASS(0-8),ALASKA (1906).Golder REVIEW TER PROJECT No.CONTROL Rev.FIGUREAPPROVEDTOK12395824.01 A .hnIFTHESMEASUREMENTDOESNOTMATCHWHATISSHOWN,THESHEETSIZEWASBEENMODIFIEDFROMANSIA Putte Pumni09_PROJECTIAI2380862 Of Fates Maes Vind FeneriHtyyrrnfDooNo.DecieeqtI2_PRODUCTIONOWE |Pte Nemo:17305842.)002 dag *<4]BECHEVIN BAY .rJ htm:whe ati*rea SNpe ons:-aAe3FALSEPASS©g .Ks SoSapoyoreeaXx.3 ROUND"™S VALLEY CREEK "AYFRYleapTaN."' iA ety Yeasedi"¥ME cat Se oe CLIENT PROJECT MARSH CREEK FALSE PASS WIND FEASIBILITY FALSE PASS,ALASKA Ome CONSULTANT YYYY-MM_DD 2014-05-28 TLE §if me TacomaSincenomwomen sae =PROJECT LOCATION MAP RAAGE GEOREFERENCED BY COLDER AND =wseave:Googe tows bee 3014 INTRAOED FOR INGIGATIVE PURPOSES ONLY DESIGN TER WF REVIEW TER PROJECT No,CONTROL Rev.FIGUREAPPROVEDTGK12395824.01 A 2T Path \wnehorege\Pubtc\Guormatcs@aren Cresk sige Paws PROJECTE\IZ3-05442.01 Fatee ? 5 i arari :et ee a erg Tht pkates:Bole Uae dy panrn2oecadateSeana7 ""CREEKeyiaof See a ae .See iy raee eS nebeaeSed raooSiBe,-dee er . a yd ASay KFP41 ®HAND PROBE APPROXIMATE LOCATION AND NAME One ea SAGE DATED:00s 14QUPPLIEDBYANDGOURCEDUNDER LICENCE#ROM GOOGLE EARTH FROON:20140007MAGEGEOREFERENCED@rCOLDERANDomyBourse:Gaoge Earth Pro Zid pecscaer CLIENT MARSH CREEK FALSE PASS WIND FEASIBILITY FALSE PASS,ALASKA CONSULTANT YYYY-MM-DD 2014-06-28 TITLE PREPARED APG SITE MAP &DESIGN TERcoerREVIEWTER PROJECT No.CONTROL Rav.FIGUREAPPROVEDTGK12395824.01 A IFTHIMEASUREWENTDOESNOTMATCHWHATISSHOWN,THESHEETSEHASSEENMOUIFIEDFROM:ANSIA1ee|th UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION (adapted from ASTM 02487) MATERIAL CRITERIA FOR ASSIGNING SOM GROUP NAMES GROUP finer. NOTES:Graves or sands with 5%to 12%fines require dual symbots (GW-GM,GW-GC,GP-GM,GP-GC,SW-SM,SW-SC,SP-SM,SP-SC)and add "wilholay”or "with silt”to group names,If fines classify as CL-ML for GM or Si,useStrenCatenayAbbcauiionasDom,Is soll particle diameter where X%is %Options!Abbeviations:Lower case "s”efter USCS group symbol denotes COHESIONLESSSOILS©either "sandy”or "with sand”while "g”denoteseither "gravelly”or "with gravel” TYPES AND GROUP SYMBOLS USING LABORATORY TESTS SYMBOL SOIL GROUP NAMES &LEGEND BN GRAVELS CLEAN GRAVELS GQ 24anNd156,53 Gw WELL-GRADED GRAVEL Q Oo}::NTo>50%OF COARSE |2”FINES Gy <4 ANDIOR [C,<1 OR C,>3]GP |POORLY GRADED GRAVEL |,Ao fey=_|FRACTION RETANED ar BE86ONNO4.SIEVE =|GRAVELS WITH FINES CLASSIFYASMLOR MH GM SILTY GRAVEL P|BE §a6 FINES b =sFsBg>12%FINES FINES CLASSIFY AS CL OR CH GC |CLAYEY GRAVELzig he ges SANDS CLEAN SANDS Cy 2G6AND15C,53 SW |WELL-GRADED SAND :i®=&B <6%FINES Cy <8 ANDIOR IG,<1 ORC,>3)SP |POORLYGRADEDSAND |..."itg*250%OF COARSE TI EEONNO4.SIEVE |SANDSANDFINES |PNESCASSIFYASMLORMH SM _|_SILTY'SAND Tit]Fes>12%FINES FINES CLASSIFY AS GL OR CH $C |CLAYEY SAND YZ "Lf 4SILTSANDCLAYS:"CL |LEANCLAY WAS §WiaxvountmiT<so |<6°ML |SILT ae EP 2 G ET sigs?aan >fx OL |ORGANICCLAYORSILT [--- §EFws= [+ee®SLYSAND CLAYS |2 i.CH |FAT CLAY UY afi®¥z**LIQUID LMT 250 <MH |ELASTICSILT fateoa0i :: : Ly F-oe 2 we ee we a wo |OH |ORGANIC CLAYOR SILT GZN:é i 3 HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS PRIMARILY ORGANIC MATTER,DARK IN COLOR,ANDORGANICODOR |PT |PEAT Ro Cc 3t Cs (Dyco"Dy,x De RELATIVE DENSITY /CONSISTENCY ESTIMATE USING STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT)VALUES (adapted from Terzaghi and Peck 1967) (Nideo (b).COHESIVE SOILS”|UNCONFINEDCOMPRESSIVERELATIVEDENSITYgyi|CONSISTENCY yt tener CoE CRITERIA FOR DESCRIBING MOISTURE CONDITION toose '.%VERY SOFT Hr aren(adapted from ASTM D2488)COMPACT 10-30 FIRM 4-8 0.50-1.0DRYABSENCEOFMOISTURE,DUSTY,DRY TO THE TOUCH DENSE 30-50 STIFF 8-15 1.0-2.0MOtST|DAMP BUT NO VISIBLEWATER VERY DENSE OVER 50 VERY STIFF 15-30 2.0-4.0WET|VISIBLE FREE WATER,USUALLY SOIL IS BELOW HARD OVER 30 OVER 4.0 WATER TABLE Ha)nastedy,rel cobain drered senanen ty or in Combinaéion p ingno ch ttica of (b)Sols p ing the ch cteristics of plasticity,and exhibiting undcrained behavior.COMPONENT DEFINITIONS BY GRADATION {c)Refer ©ASTM D'1586 for@ defintionof N value.{N,)pis the N value corrected for hammer energy andpreesure,and ls detaiied in ASTM D6066.N values may be affected by a number of factorsCOMPONENTSIZERANGEIncluding:material size,sampler size,hammer weight and type,depth,drilling method,and boreholeBOULDERSGREATERTHAN12In.diaturbence.N values are only an approximate guide for frozen soll or cohesive soll.COBBLES 42 in.103 in.CO ant pochot pe 7 one fi u strength,U,,Note that Torvane (TV)measures GRAVEL 3 in,to #4 Slave (4.76 mm)= COARSE GRAVEL 3 in,to 3/4 in.SAMPLER ABBREVIATIONS FINE GRAVEL 3/4 in.to #4 (4.78 mm)SAND #4 (4.76 mm)to #200 (0.074 mm)$$SPT Sampler (2 In.OD,140 fb hammer)C Core (Diamond Bit) COARSE SAND #4 (4.76 mm)to #10 (2.0 mm)HD Heavy Duty Spit Spoon (8 in.OD,340 Ibhammer)TW Thin Wall (Shelby Tuba) +MEDIUM SANO #10 (2.0 mm)to #40 (0.42 mm}BL Brass Liners used in Spit Spoon TP Thin Wall Piston Sampler 5 FINE SAND #40 (0.42 mm)to #200 (0.074 mm)CA Continous Core (Soll in Holaw-Stem Auger)MS Modified Shaby5]|SILT &CLAY (FINES)|SMALLER THAN #200 (0.074 mm}GS Grab Sample from Surface /Teetpit MC Geoprobe Macro-Core a AC Auger Charge RC Air Rotary Cuttings 5 AW Auger Wash AG Auger Cuttings |DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY FORvtS|PERCENTAGES (ASTM D2488)LABORATORY TEST ABBREVIATIONSxConConsolidationPID=Photoionization Detector TXCD Triandal,Consolidated Drained ®DESCRIPTIVE |_RANGE OF Dd Dry Density PM Modified Proctor (D1557)TXCU 'Triaxial,Consolidated Undrained g TERMS |PROPORTION K Thermal Conductivity PP Pockat Penetromater TXUU Triadal,Unconsolidated Undrained =0-5%MA Sieve and Hydrometer PTLD Point Load We Liquid Limit (LL) 2 5-10%NP Non-plastic SA Sieve Analysis W,Ptastic Limit (PL)|10-26%OU Organic Loss SpG Specific Gravity {2 Soll Resistivity (Res.) =90-45%P200 Passing #200 Sieve (D1140)TC Thaw Consolidation/Straing80-100%pH Soll pH TV_Torvane S aF3 ed Figurezy?Golder SOIL CLASSIFICATION /LEGEND i&|NZ Associates FROZEN SOIL CLASSIFICATION (ASTM D4083) 1.DESCRIBE SOIL INDEPENDENT CLASSIFY SOIL BY THE UNIFIED SIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OF FROZEN STATE MAJOR GROUP SUBGROUP DESCRIPTION |DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION DESIGNATION Poorly bonded Ntoffriable Segregatedicenot N No excess Nbnvisibleellice 2.MODIFY SOIL by eye peedDESCRIPTIONBY Exces8 Nbe DESCRIPTION OF FROZEN SOIL Individual Ice crystals vxofinclusions Ice coatings VeSegregatedonparticleske'oye (le oes v Random or Irreguiarly Vr than 25 mm oriented ice formations thick)Stratified or distinctly Veorientediceformations Uniformly distributed ice vu 3.MODIFY SOIL ith Soi DESGRIPTION BY _|_Ice greater Ico with sol ICE+soll type DESCRIPTION OF than 25 mm ICESUBSTANTIALthick Ice without ICEICESTRATAsoilinclusions FROST DESIGN SOIL CLASSIFICATION FROST %FINER THAN 0.02GROUP”GENERAL SOIL TYPE BY TYPICAL USCS SOIL CLASS WEIGHT )(a)GravelsNFs*Crushed stone 0to15 |GW,GP[MOA NFS]|__Crushed rock a (b)Sangs 0io3|SW,SP prs (a)Gravels{MOA NFS]Crushed stone 1.5 to3 GW,GP |_Crushed rock ee[MOA F2]|(b)Sands 3t0.10 |SW,SP S1 .GW,GP GW-GM,GP-GM,[MOA F1]|Gravelly soils 3106 |Gwicc,GP-Gc $2 SW,SP SW-SM,SP-SM,[MOA F2j |Sandy soils 36 |Sw:sc,SP-SC F4 ,GM,GC,GM-GC,GW-GM,moa F1)|Cravelly soils 6to10 |Gpicm,GW-GC,GP-GC ;GW,GP GW-GM,GP-GM, [MOA F2}SM,SW-SM,SP-SM,SC,(0)Sands Sto15 |Sw-SC,SP-SC,SM-SC(a)Gravelly soil |Over 20 |GM,GC,GM-GCMCRF3}|<P)Sands,except veryfinesiltysands |Over15 |SM,SC,SM-SC_1_(c)Clays,Pi>12 CL,GH 7 Z (a)Sits __-T Mi,MH,ML-CLF4(b)Very fine si#ty sansands Over 15 SM,SC,SM-SC[MOA F4][_(¢)Clays,PI<i2 [=Cen Meer(d)Varved clays or other fine-CL or CH layered with ML,MH,grained banded sediments ML-CL,SM,SC,or SM-SC (1)Fram U.S.Army Corpe of Engineers (USACE),EM 1110-3-138,"Pavernent Criteriafor Sezsonal Frost Conditions,”(2)USACE front groups directly correspond to frost groups listed in Municipality of Anchorage (MOA)design criteria menval (DCM),2007;exceptesnote(3)Non-frost con ceptible(4)Possibly frost susceptible, Apri 1984 lab test for void ratio to determine frost design soll classification.Gravel with void ratio >0.25 wouldbeNFS;Gravel with void ratio <0.25 would be $1;Sandswithvoidratio>0.30 would be NFS;Sands with void ratio <0.30wouldbe82orF2 ICE BONDING SYMBOLS No Ice-bonded soil observed =Poorty bonded or friable Well bonded DEFINITIONS CandiedIce Is ice which has rotted orothemiseformedintolongcolumnarcrystals,very loosely bonded together. (tear oe is transparent and contains only amoderatenumberofairbubbles. Cloudy Joe is translucent,but essentiallysoundandnon-pervious Efiabla denotes a condition in which materialiseasilybrokenupunderlighttomoderate pressure. GranularIce is composed of coarse,more orjessequidimensional,ice crystals weakly bonded together. IceCoatings on particlesarediscerniblelayersoficefoundonorbelowthelarger somparticlesinafrozensollmass.They aresometimesassociatedwithhoarfrostcrystals,which have grown into voids producedbythefreezingaction. is a very small individualiceParticlevisibleinthefaceofasollmass.Crystals may be present alone or in acombinationwithothericeformations. IceInclusions are individualicemassesvisibleinthefaceofasoilmass.Inclusionsmaybepresentaloneorinacombinationwithothericeformations. ice Lenses are 'enticular ice formatians insoiloccurringessentiallyparalleltoeach other,generally normal to the direction ofheatlossandcommonlyinrepeatedlayers. IceSegregation is the growthoficeasdistinctlenses,layers,veins and masses insoils,commonly but not always orientednormaltodirectionofheatloss. Massiveica is a large mass of ice,typicallyNearlypureandrelativelyhomogeneous. Poorkebonded signifies that the soll partidesarewealdyheldtogetherbytheiceandthatthefrozensoilconsequentlyhaspoor resistance to chipping or breaking. Porous ice contains numerous voids,usuallyinterconnectedandusuaflyresultingfrom melting at air bubbles or along crystal interfaces from presence of salt or other materials in the water,or from the freazing ofsaturatedsnow.Though porous,the mass retains its structural unity. frozen soils do not,on thawing, show joss of strength below normal,long-time thawed values nor produce detrimental settlement. Thaw-Unstable frozen sols show on thawing,significant toss of strength below normal, long-time thawed values and/or significantsettlement,as a direct resull of the meting oftheexcessiceinthesoil. WellBonded signifies that the soil particlesarestronglyheldtogetherbytheicaandthatthefrozensollpossessesrelativelyhigh resistance to chipping or breaking.LIBRARY-ANC(3-28-14).GLB(ANGICELEGEND]4/10/14PoiseGolder FROZEN SOIL CLASSIFICATION /LEGEND Figure 5 APPENDIX A SITE PHOTOS -GEOTECHNICAL RECONNAISSANCE Bridge and AccessRoad -gs aT ay) s .7 .-(uF Lh OT Oa Proposed Wind Site & Ungaman Creek Existing Met Tower Isanotski Strait - Oblique Aerial View of Site From Airplane Reference:Photo(s)taken on May 23,2012. E33Golder Site Photos -Geotechnical Reconnaissance -rigure AstAssociatesWindFeasibilityStudy-False Pass,AK Project No.123-95824 soy We Proposed Wind Site & Existing Met Tower :”So tt Landfill <7 Oblique Aerial View of Site From Airplane Reference:Photo(s}taken on May 23,2012. Gy Golder Site Photos -Geotechnical Reconnaissance -_|Figure a.2AssociatesWindFeasibilityStudy-False Pass,AK Project No.123-95824 Met Tower Test Probe a?y . s we ERT hogs Oe ny: *fF:. 2p aed its 4. nay. Ox' ' be we View of Proposed Wind Site and Existing Met Tower,looking west Reference:Photo(s)taken on May 23,2012. ae Cs oe 7 ¥' Hoey?Zuyoe,hesNeeeJaeyiatty, Oa wed -mt. | :GoGPcouser se Site Photos -Geotechnical Reconnaissance Wind Feasibility Study -False Pass,AK ae Figure A-3 Project No.123-95824 ee 2 Foot Trench SS Surrounding moe._the Met Tower Saal.¥5)ity-ayyhofee”--_wteo”4 hs on eeeewm|is ad be 'ae .7=.:peshemealhi:ee*yeeOEaPE+y-eae tee Reka,Se oepal 2 STU ee 3gSieBytdseq'ep hadfPISCEESFOr|: View of Test Probe KFP 1 View of Test Probe KFP 2 CT ee 8 cee yetCymeee i me)ate ed feta]ANS)eae |\ fen.*"4 }F .\ 'Me pO tt ™/. *hoo,dee clot 7anpee.roca :sy 4 .m .as)at te bare rs 5Sayalee:aaee?'wet4"««Ag "4 >¢Te <Ad'fan .17"ee IT aD :.'Pr rere sy as Sie Say.so wee aA Te yr oo.pe ae Ag coeeyebe-:';a ; »re .owom,.j .\ aA ;a an oe a?ry i "a8,"'yre,« Pan ¢ ” View of Test Probe KFP 1 View of Test Probe KFP 2 Reference:Photo(s)taken on May 23,2012. emma Gy Site Photos -Geotechnical Reconnaissance Figure A-4AssociaWindFeasibilityStudy-False Pass,AK Project No.123-05824 Met Tower ry eed -eer o=eran”egore+iw ayo ee aView of Ungaman Creek Cut Bank Located About 500 Feet Down-Gradient of the Site Reference:Photo(s)taken on May 23,2012. ER =-_ Gy Golder Site Photos -Geotechnical Reconnaissance Figure A-5AssociatesWindFeasibilityStudy-False Pass,AK Project No.123-05824 LOT Ener x =ate aogaeFeeSeecaeStF.By .toe ./iw.ee aa Ceea Ze ene oeand.Part or-ne eaa re a Os a one oftnenRMTFOESmgM+cat ."rr ne yee onad hoe -:a ro vee .:aa - te me gt:*5 .pare ew -enh,sorted View of Sand and Gravel Borrow Stockpile -Crab Pot Storage Site Reference:Photo(s)taken on May 23,2012. GyGolder Site Photos -Geotechnical Reconnaissance Figure a-6AssociatesWindFeasibilityStudy-False Pass,AK Project No.123-95824 \4 <4.oar tt bi.'7 74Lekjes2ALEener were Seas)NPE SAS Be 4 yon re idLZ.ae Boe |Bhi Pts .4.fume%4ag ew 8 awe,»4 ste ..mo Bea ee eeee Oe idaofvayStwerFMYePanesPeakSETeLotosif View of Sand and Gravel Borrow Stockpile and Screener -Adjacent to Round Top Valley Creek Reference:Photo(s)taken on May 23,2012. GF Site Photos -Geotechnical Reconnaissance cj«Go vt ete igure A-7AssociatesWindFeasibilityStudy-False Pass,AK Project No.123-95824neeeeepeneeesorem APPENDIX B HISTORIC GEOTECHNICAL DATA DM&A SEPTEMBER 2002 REPORT GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTATION,PROPOSED LANDFILL,FALSE PASS,ALASKA, DM&A JOB NO.4086.44 e Miller sociate Arctic nical ineerin"4 1041 E.76th Avenue'3 Anchorage,Alaska 99518-32159(907)644-0510,fax 644-0507 September 5,2002 HDR Alaska,Inc. 2525 C St.,Suite 305 Anchorage,Ak 99503 Attention:Scott Wharton,PE Subject:|Geotechnical consultationProposedLandfill False Pass,Alaska DM&A Job No.4086.44 This letter presents our conclusions regarding the geotechnical conditions at the proposed site for a new landfill in False Pass,Alaska. Exploration On May 22,2002,Scott Wharton,P.E.,of HDR Alaska,Inc.,visited False Pass,Alaska,to review the soil conditions at the site selected by the City fora new landfill.He also reviewed conditions along the route of the probable access road including the proposed bridge site.He documented the observed soil conditions at six locations within the project area by preparing a field log and gathering representative samples.The soil samples were packed in plastic bags to preserve the natural moisture content and delivered to our laboratory in Anchorage for further evaluation. A backhoe on a wheel-mounted Case 580 was used to dig shallow pits at five of the six sites.Test Holes TH-01,02 and 03 were dug at the proposed site of the landfill on a gently sloping alluvial plain about 1.5 miles north of the community.TH-04 describes the material exposed in an 8.5-foot high bank cut by the stream that flows near the proposed landfill site.Test Holes TH-05 and 06 were dug on the south side of the creek at representative locations along the probable access road route.Hole locations are shown on the Project Map,Plate 1. Graphic logs of each borehole are presented on Plates 2 through 4.The soils have been classified in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System, False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates September 5,2002 Page 2 Plate 5.In our laboratory the samples were reexamined to confirm the field classification and to select samples appropriate for testing.The laboratory testing included moisture content and particle size analysis. The results of the moisture content are graphically shown on the borehole logs and are tabulated in the Summary of Samples on 6.The Summary of Samples also shows classification test results.The results of the particle size analysis are shown on Plate 7. Site conditions False Pass is located on Unimak Island,right at the western end of the Alaskan Peninsula.As part of the Aleutian Islands Section of the Alaska Aleutian Physiographic Province,the area is noted for its mix of Recent volcanic terrain and Pleistocene glacial features.The landscape is generally rugged and cliff lined fiords are common in the Aleutian Islands.The City of False Pass, however,is situated on a nearly level bench that was initially formed by tidal action and frost weathering and has been expanded by the development of alluvial fans where streams break out of their steep mountain channels.In some areas,wind blown silt and sand from active beaches are often mixed with volcanic ash to form a surface veneer. A wet Maritime climate prevails in the False Pass Area,and precipitation levels are high.Drainage,however,is well defined and streams are commonly swift and steep.Waterfalls are common in the mountainous areas.On the fans, however,the streams tend to slow down and deposit much of their bed load. The site selected for the new landfill is on the northern edge of a broad alluvial fan.TH-4 is located on the bank of the currently active channel.Material in the upper 8 to 11 feet consists of interbedded sand and silt.Some small cobbles were noted in the sand-rich units at TH-03.Layering in the fan appears to be quite random with no single unit being more than about 4 feet thick.It is typical of an active fan to have a constantly changing channel and it appears that the sand and gravelly sand deposits have accumulated along the active channel and silt (often rich in volcanic ash)and peat deposits have built on inactive portions of the fan.As the channel shifts the depositional environment shifts and becomes intermixed. False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates September 5,2002Page3 The silt content varies from less than 5%in the clean sand deposits to 23% in the silty deposits.Moisture contents vary from less than 10%in the clean sand to as much as 61%in the silty units.Natural moisture distribution is influenced by the amount of volcanic ash and organic material in the sample. The proposed access road would cross the fan near its apex and then continue to the community along southern edge of the fan.The material encountered in the test holes along the southern edge is generally coarser than that present at the landfill site.This silty gravel commonly incorporates cobbles to 5 inches in diameter and some small boulders were encountered in both TH-05 and TH-06.A moisture content in excess of 30%in one sample from that area suggests that volcanic ash has probably been mixed with these coarser samples as well. The site selected for a landfill is probably suitable,provided that it is protected from encroachment by the nearby stream.The interspersed sandy units will not seal the base of the site.If the landfill is to be sealed,a liner will be needed or bentonite can be mixed with the silty sand.On-site material should also be adequate for use as a cover but excavation and handling of ash-rich units may be difficult during periods of heavy rainfall.Revegatation will be important to prevent wind erosion of the cover material. If the overburden material along the proposed roadway is ash-rich,care must be taken to avoid disturbing the surface organic cover.The ash-rich material is likely to be weak and difficult to work with when wet.Even the underlying silty gravel may,if ash-rich,be difficult to handle as a construction material. Very truly yours, SS Re,Duane L.Miller,P.E. Attachments:Plate 1,Test Pit Locations Plates 2 through 4,Logs of Test PitsPlate5,Soil Classification SystemPlate6,S of Samples Plate 7,Particle Size Analysis aea,q {rt =AYeo*F a E -a '! x Sar eh , be oe +nen :.oe a,eee * ;f wo Pog 7 N ?eefaeriePA.oe owe St 'MO eg4TaeecbEeee4 . 'i 4 . . . *5 m :; :' . * Luts ; .ots « i at Le © re + * abattLos. aPeCsiSen«,we # ;-X "rm . .A, ers soo 'we Be ot . * vt s ° > we eae City of False Pass ry es eeof.eh s 5 be TH-3 TH-2 "> ot tape' 400 800 Scale Is in feet 1200 Reference:Base map from AeroMap,5/27/97.All hole tocations are approximate. Bd Test Holes by Scott Wharton,HDR,2002 Duane Miller &Associates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.44 Date:July 2002 BORE HOLELOCATIONSProposedLandfill False Pass,Alaska Plate DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATES Log of HOLE :TH-1 Project'_False Pass Landfill Relocation _ Date Drilled:May 22,2002DM8&A Job No.:4086.44 FS Contractor:City of False Pass Logged By:S.Wharton ©3 Equipment:CASE 580 SK LD/Backhoe 8 Fs GPS Coord:N 54°52'30.8"W 163°24'38.4"2 2a Elevation::Sc oO .Moisture Content %(*),Sallnity (a)@ caer §and Sampling Blows/t (0)FE BE E BD 80204060>80 P200 OtherTests ©)QMHO53 Description PEAT:(Pt)Black-brown,w/roots , SANDY SILT:(ML)Gray SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown22.7%|}SA Gr N SAND:(SP)Gray 22.5%SILTY SAND:(SM)Browneeee:iQg)aa--_oiwno{i£1io1itji}4amalLLSaanOE|ae»Teetereeal[vowaeery®'a->DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATES Log of HOLE ;TH-2 Project:fon _ Date Drilled:May 22,2002DM&A Job No.:4086.44 S Contractor:City of False Pass Logged By:S.Wharton 7]Equipment:CASE 580 SK LD/Backhoe&g=GPS Coord:=N 54°52"29.9"W 163°24'33.5"£2g o ElevationMoistureContent%(*),Salinity (A)2 ease §and Sampling Blows/tt (0)Ee SEE Ro PS0204060>80 P200 OtherTests &QGGOTE Description i]AA \PEAT:(Pt)Organic mat >13.7%Gr aa |SILT:(ML)Red-brown Wels:SILTY SAND:(SM)Gray 5 _|SANDY SILT:(ML)Light brown |"SILTY SAND:(SM)Gray '13.4%||sA cr ||O:|_'Hoh Interbedded gray sand with light brown slitTOPekt:below 9' 15 Duane Miller &Associates LOGS of TE ES TH-1 &TH-2 PlateArctic&Geotechnical Engineering Proposed Landifill Job No.:4086.44 False Pass,Alaska 2 Date :July 2002 Sample Soil Type Sampler Sampling Moisture Organic Passing DryTestHoleDepth(USCS)Thermal State Type Blows/ft Content Loss Salinity #200 Density SpG Other Tests TH-01 3.0 ft SP Unfrozen Gr 8.6% TH-01 6.0 ft.SM Unfrozen Gr 29.1%22.7%SA TH-01 9.5 ft.SM Unfrozen Gr 25.3%22.5% TH-02 2.0 ft.SM Unfrozen Gr 21.9%13.7% TH-02 8.3 ft SM Unfrozen Gr 19.5%13.4%SA THO3 «4.0 ft.ML Unfrozen Gr 60.9% TH-03 5.5 ft.GP Unfrozen Gr 9.8%3.5%SA TH-05 -s 6.0 ft.SM Unfrozen Bulk 37.7%30.2%SA,MA TH-06 4.0 ft.GP Unfrozen Gr 11.0% Duane Miller &Associates UMMARY OF Job No.4086.44 False Pass Landfill June 2002 False Pass,Alaska Plate EEEE ”elsXseeee eee RARER] [EEEEGoRERAS TASSOMAIONM SSESe NEN ee P71 RF gIPSPOandnrrongror S52N83+eLBscoO0O0 ; EEE: se OPS2/3E3028203828828203 EEE SoeeSfla ZTHISAntTDOR OS Fw Sesaq ater 2a o<rw2 ° EEEE ° ° SiO«oOY2/SX3028ge28ae2228aeS EEE EG SREES FeiIPSvonnrnyrano 85oS8Aa 53ee qQoqoo+ : EFEEE 23228 2 3 rea) se38 reeggeeesesge |[Esse audsdls Bee Ssasrss an SxrRgrourgy gl? oooG0 AAR AAAKRAAAAAA AAELEE AAAAHWHNHHHWH viurunreovodrieee eeu nett soogaas Oo hHiss ©2eo00 e889 SoaoooOd oo8 a6Dst0 S¢ S8aw ANN - Ary <2 QRS g Skaggs ee seseE 9n - of ISoseges 8-8Ra Fre) OSClur HSHSERS BES BOOOOSF ESSEB = eSfek ow = cz < Serearg-E&SrB3eo 68xreg SORe =2 0.0020.0050.020#10 #20#43/4"1.5”3" Bussey eBeyuaoaxsfsf&fo] QOo So © re) wT 30%™ |. Lm-_=--4 #40 #60#100 #200 -----4 3/8" }---4 0.0010.010.1 Grain Size (mm) -=O-TH-1 @ 6 fi. 10100 -1-TH-5@6fi. LE SIZE ANALYSIS False Pass Landfill -Om-=TH-2 @ 8.3 ft-=-F=TH-3 @ 5.5 ft. PlateDuaneMiller&Associates Job No.4086.44 June 2002 False Pass,Alaska DM&A MARCH 2004 REPORT GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION,PROPOSED SOLID WASTE LANDFILL,FALSE PASS, ALASKA,DM&A JOB NO.4086.047 fl}Duane Miller &Assoclates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering|Wri,1041 E.76th AvenueberrieséAnchorage,Alaska 99518-3215EE](907)644-0510,fax 644-0507 March 30,2004 HDR Alaska,Inc. 2525 C St.,Suite 305 Anchorage,Ak 99503 Attention:Scott Wharton,P.E. Subject:|Geotechnical ExplorationProposedSolidWasteLandfillFalsePass,Alaska DM&A Job No.4086.047 This letter presents the results of our geotechnical exploration for the proposed solid waste facility and access road in False Pass,Alaska.The landfill site is roughly 7 acres in size and will be located approximately 1.3 miles north of the village and about 0.3 miles inland of Isanotski Strait.Preliminary design drawings of the landfill site and access road alignment were provided by HDR prior to field exploration. This investigation was performed in accordance with our proposal to you dated July 23,2003.A draft of this report was submitted for review on December 22,2003.During the work we have consulted with Messrs.Scott Wharton,P.E., John Sherk,P.E.,and Bob Butera,P.E.,engineers with HDR.Mr.John Nickels, mayor of False Pass,coordinated local support for our work.The object of this investigation was to explore the soil and groundwater conditions at the proposed landfill site,along the access road alignment,and at two potential material sources,as well as to develop recommendations regarding roadway embankment design and bridge abutment foundation options. Previous Work Scott Wharton,P.E.,of HDR Alaska,Inc.,visited False Pass in May 2002 to review the site and soil conditions at the location selected by the City for anew landfill.He also reviewed conditions along the route of the probable access road including the proposed bridge site.He explored the soil conditions by digging test pits with the local backhoe at six locations and collecting representative False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates March 30,2004 Page 2 samples.The samples were returned to DM&A's laboratory where they were reexamined and tested,and a report was prepared. Test Holes TH-1,TH-2 and TH-3 were dug at the proposed landfill site on the gently sloping alluvial plain.TH-4 describes the material exposed in an 8.5- foot high bank cut by the stream that flows near the proposed landfill site.Test Holes TH-5 and TH-6 were dug on the south side of the creek at representative locations along the probable access road route.Locations of the test pits are shown on Plate 1,Testhole Locations,and the logs of the Test Pits are presented in Appendix A. | Exploration On September 23 through 28,2003,Ms.J.J.Brown,geologist with DM&A, visited False Pass to conduct a subsurface soils investigation.A track-mounted CME 75 drill rig owned by Discovery Drilling of Anchorage was transported to False Pass via the Alaska State Ferry System in early September and was on-site upon arrival of the field crew.The drill rig was equipped with interchangeable 140-pound and 340-pound automatic hammers,hollow-stem augers,and standard soil sampling tools.A total of 15 boreholes,designated FP-1 through FP-15,were drilled to depths ranging from 5 to 44.5 feet.Borehole locations are shown on Plate 1. The soils encountered in each borehole were examined and described as the borings were drilled.Soil samples were obtained by grabbing loosened cuttings from the auger and by drive sampling with the 1.4-inch or 2.5-inch ID split-barrel sampler and respective auto hammer.Upon completion of drilling,hand-slotted, 1-inch PVC standpipe was installed to the base of Borings FP-9,FP-12,FP-14,and FP-15 to allow for future measurements of the depth to groundwater. Soil samples were sealed to prevent loss of moisture and were delivered to our laboratory in Anchorage for further evaluation.In the laboratory,the samples were tested for moisture content and were reexamined to verify field classifications.Select samples were tested for particle size distribution, degradation and abrasion characteristics.The degradation and Los Angeles Abrasion tests were performed at R&M Consultants'Anchorage laboratory. False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates March 30,2004 Page 3 In order to establish the particle size distribution of the bedload at the proposed stream crossing during a large water event,we classified the size of 100 particles between the current water level and bankfull height on either side of the channel.Bedload composition during a 1-to 2-year (moderate)flood incident provides an indication of the potential for stream bank erosion.Particles were measured at equidistant intervals along two 50-foot transects.The first transect was aligned on the south side of the stream,parallel to the stream channel on the upstream side of the crossing.The second transect was aligned on the north bank,parallel to the channel on the downstream side of the crossing.Particle diameter was determined by measuring the length of the intermediate axis of each particle.Results of the pebble count are presented on Plate 21. The borehole logs are presented on Plates 2 through 14.The soils have been classified in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System described on Plate 15.Laboratory test results are presented graphically on the logs and are tabulated on Plates 16 through 18,the Summary of Samples.The results of particle size analysis are shown on Plates 19 and 20.Results of degradation and Los Angeles Abrasion tests are presented on the three R&M data sheets following Plate 24. Site conditions False Pass is located on Unimak Island,at the far western end of the Alaska Peninsula.As part of the Aleutian Islands Section of the Alaska Aleutian Physiographic Province,the area is noted for its mix of Recent volcanic terrain and Pleistocene glacial features.The landscape is generally rugged and steep, and abrupt features such as cliff-lined fjords are common. A wet Maritime climate prevails throughout the region,and precipitation levels are high.Drainage is typically well defined on the mountain slopes with steep,swift streamflow.Low velocity,branching and recombining streams are typical over broad alluvial fan deposits at lower elevations toward the coastline. Near the beachfront,vegetation consists of a mixture of relatively open tundra, tall grass,and salmonberry brush with discontinuous,dense stands of alder. Hillsides rising away from the beach are typically thick with mature alder and chest-high brush. False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates March 30,2004 Page 4 The City of False Pass is situated ona relatively flat tidal bench that has been lengthened by the development of a large alluvial fan to the north.The proposed access road will generally follow the southwest edge of the alluvial fan from the existing crab pot storage yard to the active stream channel.The alignment crosses the stream near the apex of the fan,and continues downslope to the northeast to the proposed landfill site.Photographs of the alignment, landfill site,and stream crossing are presented on Plates 22 through 24. Soil Conditions Soil conditions are fairly uniform along the full length of the access road alignment.Borings FP-1 through FP-3,FP-7,FP-8,and FP-11 revealed a typical soil profile consisting organic material underlain by silty sand and sand with varying amounts of gravel to depths of at least 21.5 feet.The surface organic material varied from6 to 18 inches thick but generally was less than 12 inches thick, Borings FP-9 and FP-10 were drilled on either bank of the active stream channel at the proposed crossing.Boring FP-9 was drilled to a depth of 44.5 feet on the south bank,and FP-10 to a depth of 41.5 feet on the north bank.Each of these borings encountered interlayered gravelly sand and sandy gravel with trace to some silt and numerous cobbles and boulders to the depths explored. Boring FP-10 had to be redrilled a few feet away from the initial hole to penetrate through boulders.Groundwater was encountered during drilling at a depth of 12 feet in each of the borings.The surface of the stream was only about 7 feet below the level of the borings,so the difference in water levels indicates the stream is flowing into the groundwater system with a hydrologic gradient sloping away from the stream channel.The sampling blow counts indicate a dense to very dense deposit. Two potential borrow sources were identified prior to our field exploration, and a total of four borings were drilled to explore soil conditions at these locations.Borings FP-4,FP-5,FP-6,were drilled on the steep hillside uphill of the start of the access road alignment.The holes were drilled to depths of 15 to 18 feet depending on soil conditions.Dense alder and heavy brush combined with the steepness of the slope,limited access of the drill rig to the lower third of the hillside.The boreholes revealed 0.5 to 1 foot of organic material over sandy silt False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates March 30,2004 Page 5 to depths of 3 to 5 feet.Beneath the silt was silty sand to depths of 11.5 to 15 feet. Silty gravel was encountered below the silt and sand in holes FP-5 and FP-6. Auger refusal occurred at depths of 18 and 16.5 feet,on the apparent weathered bedrock surface. Boring FP-15 was drilled to a depth of 21.5 feet in an abandoned stream channel to the south and east of the proposed bridge crossing.Cobbles and boulders were scattered about the sparsely vegetated,sandy surface at this location.Drilling was difficult due to similar coarse material below ground.The 340-pound hammer and large split-spoon were used to sample interlayered silty and sandy gravels with numerous cobbles and boulders from the ground surface to the base of the borehole.The Los Angeles abrasion test on a crushed sample of the cobbles collected from the ground surface near FP-15 showed an abrasion loss of 29%. Moisture content of the silty sand encountered at the landfill site ranges from 15%to 29%,and silt content varies from 12%to about 31%.Along the access road alignment,moisture contents of less than 10%are associated with the clean sands and gravels,while moisture content of the silt and silty sand is typically greater than 20%up to a maximum of 62%.The natural moisture distribution may be significantly influenced by the presence of organic material and/or volcanic ash. Moisture Content 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80% O ft.marrrrto parr ters +1oomoOfs)om oo oo Qo oo o 10 ft.a*o oo oO x AA OA a fs)A o x A20ft.on oO x XK og 30 ft xx *o x ry 40 ft.x* x [DSM ©SP.AGM xGP-GM| 50 ft. Figure 1 -Moisture content versus depth by soil type False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates March 30,2004 Page 6 Both a "pit run”sample and a sample that had been run through the "grizzly”were obtained from the City's pit in the floodplain of the stream that discharges near the airport.The grizzly removes the material larger than about 1.5 inches.Even after the grizzly increases the fines content,the material is still clean and non-frost susceptible.The degradation test on the material showed a value of only 8,so some break down of the material is expected under wheel loads. Conclusions and Recommendations Roadway -The route for the access road appears to be readily developed. The surface organic material should be stripped before an embankment is constructed.Removal of the relatively thin organics will generally expose a silty sand that will provide firmer support for the roadway section than if the organics were overlaid. The silty sand is frost susceptible.Therefore the roadway section should be thick enough to reduce the effects of frost boils on the surface material.The freezing index for False Pass is about 500°F-days,but many freeze-thaw cycles occur each winter.Consequently,a total embankment section that is 24 inches thick will prevent most freezing cycles from penetrating into the silty sand or silt subgrade.With an average organic thickness of 6 to 12 inches the finish grade will be about 18 inches above the natural ground.Where the removal of organics is deeper,the general embankment fill should be thickened to fill the deeper hole. Normally we would recommend that the unpaved roadway be surfaced with a crushed rock material meeting DOT&PF specification Surface Course E-1. However,if the local coarse material is used to make the crushed rock,the degradation values required by DOT&PF will probably not be met (The two local material samples had degradation values of 8 and 11.DOT&PF requires a value of 30 or greater.)Importing a material that meets the degradation values will cost considerably more than using the local material.The sample we tested from the City's pit that had been processed through the grizzly is a well graded gravel that has a gradation that meets the specification for C-1 Base Course and is close to the gradation for Surface Course E-1.If this material is used without crushing as a surface layer,less breakdown will occur than if it is crushed,and the False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates March 30,2004 Page 7 gradation should provide good interlock of the particles.If some degradation occurs under wheel traffic it will tend to increase the fines content and provide more binder similar to the requirements for Surface Course E-1.Some maintenance grading might be needed if the surface ruts. A 12-inch thick layer of material beneath the surface layer should meet the Alaska DOT&PF specification for Subbase Grading A (100%smaller than the 4- inch size and no more than 10%passing the #200 sieve).The local materials appear to meet this specification if the oversized material is removed and the degradation requirement is waived.The material beneath the subbase should meet the DOT&PF specification for Select Type B (10%maximum passing the #200 sieve). The materials should be placed in thin lifts and each lift should be compacted to at least 95%of the maximum density as determined by the ASTM D-1557 test procedure. Bridge support -The stream crossing is currently about 70 feet from top of bank to top of bank.A single-span,modular truss,steel bridge 90 to 100 feet long is planned for the access road crossing of the stream.The bridge will be single lane (12.4 feet curb to curb).The design load on each abutment is about 150 kips. The bridge could be supported on a pile foundation,but installation of piles would be difficult.Driven piles could encounter refusal driving conditions at depths that are too shallow.Predrilling would probably be needed to install driven piles,and the expense of a drill that can make hole through the cobbles and boulders would greatly increase the cost for the foundation. The more cost effective foundation is a shallow bridge pier that bears on the dense sand and gravel (a strip footing under each abutment).The footing would have a backwall to retain the soil.The footing will be above the bed of the creek, so erosion protection is critical to prevent undermining of the shallow foundation.We understand that HDR proposes to use either riprap or gabion blankets to prevent the lateral erosion of the abutment soils. The footing should be constructed on the natural sand and gravel that has been compacted using a vibratory roller that weighs at least 20,000 pounds. False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates March 30,2004 Page 8 After compaction,the foundation can be constructed as a cast-in place concrete footing.The footing should be at least 3 feet wide and setback from the slope by at least 4 feet.The bottom of the footing should be at least 12 inches below lowest adjacent grade,but this confinement must be protected from loss of ground by erosion or undermining.With this configuration,the footing can be designed using a bearing pressure of 4000 pounds per square foot (psf)for dead plus vehicle loads.The bearing pressure can be increased by one-third for total design loads including seismic. Since the retaining wall is expected to be short and stiff,the wall should be designed for an at-rest soil pressure.The at-rest pressure is calculated as an equivalent fluid pressure of 55xH where H is the depth below grade.Wheel loads should be added to this earth pressure as required by AASHTO. Lateral loads will be resisted by passive pressure against the face of the footing and by friction on the base of the footings.For a cast-in-place concrete footing,the base friction can be calculated as 0.35 times the vertical dead load on the footing.The passive pressure can be calculated as 350xH'psf where H'is the depth of soil in front of the footing.If the soil is not confined by road section or erosion protection,the top one foot of soil should be ignored in calculating the passive earth pressure. Riprap and Gabion Fill -The local cobbles and boulders such as found on the ground surface near Boring FP-15 appear to be suitable for use as light riprap or as fill for gabion structures.The LA Abrasion loss was 29%and the DOT&PF specifications require less than 50%loss for riprap.The material is generally subrounded so it will not interlock as well as angular stone.Much of the material is in the Class I to Class II size (25 to 200 pound stones),but as shown in Photo 5 on Plate 24,larger stone is available near the bridge (a handheld GPS is on top of the boulder).The coarser local material also meets the DOT&PF specification for gabion fill (4-inch to 12-inch size with less than 60%abrasion loss). Review and inspection -We should review the plans and specifications for the work to verify that they are in accordance with our recommendations. False Pass Landfill Duane Miller &Associates March 30,2004 Page 9 An experienced inspector should be present during the construction to observe and record the conditions found in the excavations.If unexpected conditions are encountered,we should be notified so that we can review our recommendations and modify them if needed. Very truly yours, Duane L.Miller,P.E. Attachments:Plate 1,Borehole Locations Plates 2 through 14,Borehole Logs Plate 15,Soil Classification SystemPlates16through18,Summary of SamplesPlates19and20,Particle Size Data Plate 21,Pebble Count Plates 22 through 24,Site Photographs3pagesofR&M laboratory data sheets Appendix -data from 2002 exploration Note Base map provaded by HOR 203 All 7 LEGEND: FP.DAA 2003 BOREHOLE LOCATIONTH-1 (8 HDR 2002 TEST HOLE LOCATION sy 1z00 APPROXIMATE SCALE (ft Duene Miller &Associates BOREHOLE LOCATIONS Plate Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Solid Waete Site Job No.:4086.047 Faise Pass,Alaska 1 Oate :December 2003 UANE MILL soc Log of HOLE:FP-4Project:_False Pass Solid Waste____Date Drilled:9/24/03 DM&A Job No.:4086.047 g Contractor:Discovery DrillingLoggedBy:J.J.Brown S Equipment:Nodwetl Mounted CME-75&ge GPS Coord:-*N 54°62'00.1"W 163°24'33.9" Content %(°),Salinity (A)@ SEZ»Fevation "ionMoistureContent%(°),Sali Ss 28k 5andSamplingBlows/t (0)E Ee ee R ACCESS ROAD0204060>80 P200 OtherTests 0 )O ae oj Description m PEAT:(Pt)Dark brown,moist,live:1 organic mat and root layer,w/organic siltc23.0%Ag |Ji J \SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown,moist! ;GRAVELLY SAND:(SP)Brown,moist,©i Ag |5 _/w/gravel and trace silt | 10_] 4 .|4 !|15_UL DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATES Log of HOLE :FP-2 ject:Date Drilled:9/2403Project:-False Pass Solld Waste Fs Contractor:Discovery DrillingDM&A Job No.:4086.0 &Equipment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75LoggedBy:Jd.Brown &<E GPS Coord: *N 54°52'03.8"W 163°24'38.8"5 2?2 Elevation:"17 ft Moisture Content %(*),Salinity (4)3 E ae 5 §ACCESS ROADandSamplingBlows/f (0)F g saeee Descripti0204060>80 P200 OtherTests G Puno escription r ]H |]a PEAT:(Pt)Dark brown,moist,w/some;TWEE \organic silteAg)TREE SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown,moist,w/aie oe some gravel|{|feeed |Keone'eo!Ag [5 mss GRAVELLY SAND:(SP)Brown,moist,\w gravel and trace silt| E {4 10. ;|| 4 15 UL *GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations Interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDR Alaska. Duane Miller &Associates f BORI 5 Plate Arctic &Geotechnical Enginsering Solld Waste FacilityYXJobNo.:4086.047 False Pass,Alaska 2 Date:March 2004 D ssocl Project:_False Pass Solid Waste Log of HOLE:_FP-3DateDrilled:9/25/03 DM&A Job No.:4086.047 FE Contractor:Discovery Drilling C;J.Bro S Equipment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75LoggedBy:J wn &sez GPS Coord:=*N 54°52'07.8°W 163°24'42.7" Moisture Content %(+),Salinity (A)¢EPs.Elevation:="22hoistureConte(>),Salinity 2 222ic and Sampling Blows/t (o)e £aa 8 ACCESS ROAD0204060>80 P200 OtherTests &GOOLE Desoription |an PEAT:(Pt)Dark brown,moist,w/someWEEE\\organic silt°24.7%Ag SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown,moist,w/i trace gravel e Ag [5 GRAVELLY SAND:(SP)Brown,moist, |\w/gravel and trace sift 10. 15_l L *GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDR Alaska. T Duane Miller &Associates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4088.047 Date:March 2004 LOG of BORING FP-3 Plate Solid Waste Facility 3FalsePass,Alaska DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATES Project:_False Pass Solid Waste Log of HOLE :FP-4 _oe Date Drilled:9/25/03 DMB&A Job No.:4086.047 §Contractor:Discovery Drilling Logged By:J.J.Brown s Equipment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75&<¢5 GPS Coord:-*N.54°52'10.6"W 163°24'52.9"&29a Elevation:UnknownMoistureContent%(+),Salinity (A)2 Sen 2 5andSamplingBlows/ft (0)E GEE a 8 HILLSIDE BORROW 0 20 40 60 >80 P200 OtherTests &(OONOGE Description PEAT:(Pt)Dark brown,moist,w/some1\erpanie silt SANDY SILT:(ML)Brown,moist -Sandier below 3' SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown,moist to wet -Groundwater encountered at 5' *GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDA Alaska. ae Duane Miller &Associates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.047 Date:March 2004 25_ 30 | 35_ 140 UL LOG of BORING Fp-4 Plate Solid Waste Facility 4FalsePass,Alaska ILLE SOCIA Project:_False Pass Solid Waste . DM&A Job No.:4086.047 Logged By:J.J.Brown Moisture Content %(+),Salinity (A) and Sampling Blows/t (c) 0 20 5t 40 60 >80 P200 Other Tests | | i i H i Ag 4 |SampletypeSsa Ag Depth(feet)SamplingIntervalSamplesoJLogofHOLE:FP-5 Date Drilled:9/25/03 Contractor:Discovery Dritingpment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75ulGPsCoord:*N 54°52'08.1"W 163°24'47.7"Elevation:Unknown Frozen=5+ttLo+4Graphic)HILLSIDE BORROW Description"PEAT:((Pt}Brown,moist,w/some sand |\.and organic slit |SANDY SILT:(ML)Brown,moistSILTYSAND:(SM)Brown,moist,w/occasional interbeds of Silt (ML)andtracegravel 0:00-°6°0-6°8-O'O-OOTHT_aLWamuatrtrofttttSeeCeCeeCOSeertrtyaeeOeRPSILTY GRAVEL:(GM)Light brown topink,moist,rock fragments w/sand andsomecobbles -Boulder at 14' -Very hard drilling below 16' -Auger refusal at 18' "GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations Interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDR Alaska. Y Duane Miller &Associates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.047 Date:March 2004 35 ' 1 ao LOG of BORING FP-5 Plate Solid Waste Facility 5FalsePass,Alaska |CIATES Project:_False Pass Solid WasteDM8&A Job No.:4086.047 Logged By:J.J.Brown Moisture Content %(*),Salinity (4) and Sampling Biows/tt (0) 0 20 40 60 >80 P200 Other Tests : .yj + :i| i i e i H D »fe)4 ®q Log of HOLE ;FP-6 _ Date Drilled:9/25/03 $Contractor:Discovery Drilling s Equipment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75iSgeGPSCoord:-_*N.54°52'06.6"W 163°24'45.7" .22%6 Elevation:Unknown =Sess cS:ees 8 HILLSIDE BORROWGgG36EDescription _ 7 PEAT:(Pt)Brown,moist,w/some sandWd:and organic silt ieee SANDY SILT:(ML)Brown,moist ag |e lk:SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown,moist,w/|mee occasional interbeds of Silt (ML) Ssa 10-I,: Th [ele SILTY GRAVEL:(GM)Brown to pink,16 WEE molst,rock fragments w/some sandSsa|"|imiit -Hard drilling below 14' ii [sfats -Auger refusal at 16.5' 40 dh"GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations Interpolated 4 . from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDA Alaska. Duane Miller &Associates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.047 Date:March 2004=Solid Waste Facility of B Plate 6 "6 False Pass,Alaska AN &A IATES Project:_False Pass Solid Waste Log of HOLE:FP-7 Date Drilled:9/25/03 DM&A Job No.:4088.047 FY Contractor:Discovery Drilling Logged By:J.J.Brown s Equipment:Nodweil Mounted CME-75"oy mw 8 gE GPS Coord;=*N 54°52'13.6"W 163°24'46,1" Content %(+),Salinity (4)@ SES y Cevalion'="aotMoistureContent%(+),Salin S pgSaBE §and Sampling Blows/tt (0)E 3 EE fo q ACCESS ROADo86204060>80 P200 OtherTesis ©QHHGI Description _|tit PEAT:(Pt)Brown,moist,w/some sand7UI:if \and organic siltan21.1%AS)HERE SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown,moist WEe29.8%Ag {5 Md: a 10_ |A ; 'H 151 | &ASSOCIATES LogctHOLE: FP-8 Project:Solid Date Drilled:9/25/03 DM&A Job No.:4086.047 g Contractor:Discovery Dilliing Logged By:J.J.Brown ©£Equipment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75 &ee GPS Coord: -_2&Pe .,Elevation:*62 ftMoistureContent%(*},Salinity (A)2 pete SsandSamplingBlows/t (0)E é EE @ 8 ACCESS ROAD0204060>80 P200 OtherTests 90 Ou 64 Ve Description PEAT:(Pt)Brown,moist,w/some sand|o 1.9%||Deg=11 Ag 7 \and organic silt:@-:7 |Ab |ff \SANDY GRAVEL:(GW)Brown,moisti i 4 SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown to gray,moist,|@ Ag {5 w/trace to some gravelN *GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations Interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDR Alaska. Y Duane Miller &Associates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.047 Date:March 2004 :-8 Plate Solid Waste Facility 7FalsePass,Alaska UANE ss TES Log of HOLE:EP-9Project:Iso lid Was _ Date Drilled:9/25/03 DM&A Job No.:4086.047 §Contractor:Discovery Orilling Logged By:J.J.Brown ©a Equipment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75a=GPs Coord:IN 5ér52'24.5°W 163°24'51.7"=©vation:Molsture Content %(°),Salinity (A)2 =Es 4 eandSamplingBlowsiMt(0)E BEES ef SOUTH BRIDGE ABUTMENT0204060>80 P200 OtherTests 0 Oo O71 w Description ="PEAT:(Pt)Brown,moist,w/some gray\"8GRAVELLY SAND:(SP-SM)Gray,moist,w/cobbles e 2.5%SA Ag e 8.7%ISA Ag |SANDY GRAVEL:(GP-GM)Gray,moist,}wi cobbles and boulders,trace to somesiltInterlayeredw/gravelly sand e °|Ssa -Groundwater encountered at 12' , -Hard drilling in cobbles and boulders ;below 13' ©:Ssa -Drill rate increase 21'to 23' ®c ssa e q Sea e 0 Ssa -Thin layer of black cinder at 33' Ssa |epee -No change to BOH at 44.5',installedfstete}||slotted 1°PVC to 44'40 ethe[e). *GPS coordinates based on daturn NAD 83;elevations interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDR Alaska. Y Duane Miller &Associates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.047 Date:March 2004 o P-9g Plate Solid Waste Facility 8FalsePass,Alaska MILLE SOC!Log of HOLE :FP-10_ Project:_FalsePassSolidWaste_Date Drilled:9/26/03 Cen oe got bran E Equipment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75:Jad.Brown 5S quipmen odwell Mou -Logged By me 8 gs GPS Coord:-*N 54°52'25.0"W 163°24'50.9" ;-£Pe Elevation:*71 ftMolstureContent%(*),Salinity (A)S e585 F=f 5andSamplingBlows/tt (0)E Fy EES 8 y NORTH BRIDGE ABUTMENT0204060>80 P200 Other Tests 00.2%O3 uw Description ;|f ,aoe GRAVELLY SAND:(SP)Brown,moist, i 7 w/gravel and trace silt i Th of e Ag {5 4 ]'GRAVEL:(GP-GM)Gray,molst,w/4 cobbles and some sand e ¢Ssa "] Ag +GRAVELLY SAND:(SP-SM)Gray,molst©i J to wet,w/cobbles and boulders,i t occasional interlayers of sandy graveltbo| ;15_-Groundwater encountered at 12" -Boulder obstructing drilling at 15' 20eqSsa -Very bouldery below 20',slow drilling ;2s¢ssa |? J .ssa (2°- SANDY GRAVEL:(GP-GM)Gray,moist7towet,w/cobbles and boulders,sand,and trace to some silt Ssa 6 '40 1 -No change to BOH at 41.5'e .Ln. *GPS coardinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDR Alaska. Duane Miller &Associates LOG of BORING FP-10 Plate Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Solid Waste Facility 9JobNo.:4086.047 False Pass,Alaska Date:March 2004 DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATES Project:_False Pass Solid Waste Log of HOLE :FP-11 Date Drilled:9/26/03 DM&A Job No.:4086.047 EB Contractor:Discovery Drilling Logged By:J.J.Brown o Equipment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75&ge GPS Coord:=*N 54°62'27.8"W 163°24'44.8"2 Pn Elevation:*70 ftMoisturaContent%(*),Salinity (A)2 Teee FandSamplingBlows/t (0)e 8 Fesa:ACCESS ROAD0204080>80 P200 OtherTests G)OAGIE Description ||KAAS PEAT:(Pt)Brown,moist,w/some|Wl EET:\organic silt and trace sande23.4%Ag 7 -,: J SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown,mois,w/trace gravel e Ag |6 - oe Ssa - GRAVELLY SAND:(SP)Brown to gray,moist,w/occasional cobbles o®Ssa || { e 0 Ssa -Large cobble or boulder at 20' 26 30J 35_] Lao UL LL "GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDR Alaska. at Duane Miller &Associates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.047 Date:March 2004 LOG of BORING FP-11 Plate Solid Waste Facility 1 0FalsePass,Alaska DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATESProject:False Pass Solld Waste :__FP-12 Date Drilled:9/26/03 DM&A Job No.:4086.047 g Contractor:Discovery Drilling Logged By:J.J.Brown 5 Equipment:Nodwelt Mounted CME-75> GPS Coord:-*N.54°62'29.0"W 163°24'41.6" Moisture Content %(=),Salinity (4)@ SES y_Eovation:TOR loisture Conten =),int =Sate €and Sampling Blows/ft (0)S $EE >3 LANDFILL SITE 0 20 40 60 >80 P200 OtherTests ©(OQMNOI L _Description |"4 PEAT:(Pt)Brown,moist,w/someHTWREEorganicsiltandtracesand '11.0%Ao)REE SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown,moist,w/i eye trace gravel and cobbles e !Ag |5 4:if 10 FE:14%i rtels,e 3 :Ssa |a:A|4 EEE: 151]: o °S07 EEE {ifr(20 id:|s |:0 °!coed HAE . 1 -More gravel below 23' 8 13.6%ssa [7° SANDY GRAVEL:(GP-GM)Brown to 'gray,moist,w/some cobbles |Ssae|©-Installed 1"slotted PVC to 31' { !4 :35_| j 40 Il L. "GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations Interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HOR Alaska. Duane Miller &Associates |.Plate Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Solid Waste Facility 1 1JobNo.:4088.047 False Pass,Alaska Oate:March 2004 DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATES Log of HOLE ;:FP-13 Project:_False Pass Solid Waste Date Drilled:9/26/03 DM&A Job No.:4086.047 8g Contractor:Discovery Drilling ed By:J.J.Brown 7]Equipment:Nodwell Mounted CME-75LoggedBy&ge GPS Coord:-*N.54°52'26.9"W 163°24'40.8"222 ,,Elevation:*64ftMoistureContent%(*),Salinity (A)2 2Ese 5andSamplingBlows/f (0)-E EE eo 8 LANDFILL SITE 0 20 40 60 >80 P200 OtherTests ©GHOSE Description ||Ka PEAT:(Pt)Brown,moist,w/some sandAA\and organic slitTLE:e Aa} |SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown,moist,w/trace to some gravel and cobbles e Ag : 5 _ 4 -Less gravel,fewer cobbles below 7' e Ssa 10]oO 4 1 i i Wey e Sea {>ih:aePp"RE 1 a te*e"GRAVEL:(GP)Brown to gray,moist,w/|oo Il ase cobbles and boulders s%e ta" °,Ssa aitroPetehetterete1]beesetsdi]pherecatete® 4]Pieter25_|||peestatet -Boulder at 25',no recovery4Tet,»Me Maa59535 stetets90.BOK.-Boulder at 30',no sample 1 35 1 | ! eee 540 1 oo, "GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDR Alaska. Duane Miller &Associates LOG of BORING FP-13 Plate Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Solid Waste Facility 1 2JobNo.:4086.047 False Pass,Alaska Date:March 2004 DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATES LogofHOLE: FP-14Project:_Falee Pasa Solid Waste Date Drilled:9/27/03 DM&A Job No.:4086.047 g Contractor:Discovery Drilling Logged By:J.J.Brown 8 Equipment:Nodwelt Mounted CME-75&ge GPS Coord:=*N §4°52'25.6"W 163°24'39.7"2 Pe .,Elevation:"46 ft Moisture Content %(«),Salinity (A)2 £=zO2 5andSamplingBlows/t (0)-8 ee So N LANDFILL SITE 0 20 40 60 >80 P200 OtherTese 0 GGGIE Description -=PEAT:(Pt)Brown,moist,w/some sand | '\and organic silt°|Ag SAND:(SP-SM)Brown,molst,w/trace |\some silt e 'Ag j5 GRAVELLY SAND:(SP)Brown to gray,moist,w/trace silt 1 °sea [Ob EE "SILTY SAND:(SM)Gray,moist,w/traceDiHOLE:gravel and occasional cobbles 're fe : WT:-Stow drilling through cobbles 12'to 14 18 IL here SAND:(SP-SM)Brown,moist,w/trace Ssa mi);eee to some gravelOo8tier.?.'.'1 a eee |||beee%GRAVEL:(GP-GM)Gray,moist,w/7 eceee some cobbles IK201)pe e 0 Ssa ]4 56 :ne|betteaX"a 6 fe)Ssa 1 K e i Sea 90|9 ;-Installed 1"slotted PVC to 31' | |iaoi . *GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 863;elevations interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDA Alaska. Duane Miller &Associates LOG of BORING FP-14 Piate Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Solid Waste Facilit 1 3JobNo.:4086,047 False Pass,Alaska Date:March 2004 DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATESProject:_False Pa oli OM&A Job No.:4086.047 Logged By:J.J.Brown Moisture Content %(*),Salinity (A) and Sampling Blows/fi (0)0 8 20 40 60 >80 P200 Other Tests e 4.6% 6 4.1% e .e) ®o:13.6% . | Oo.13.6% i e Oo,-@ :om :i i |! I t i Sampletype}Sha Sha LogofHOLE ;FP-15DateDrilled:$/27/03$Contractor:Discovery Drilling £Equipment:Nodweil Mounted CME-75 Se GPS Coord:"N 54°52'22.7*W 163°24'47.4"8 &e .,Elevation:Unknownee6cgeeeesALLUVIALBORROW0°BB Osu Description ' .SANDY GRAVEL:(GP)Brown,moist,w/a4 cobbles and boulders all . 5 | GRAVELLY SAND:(SP-SM)Brown,10 ,moist,w/some cobbles and boulders i SILTY GRAVEL:(GM)Gray to brown,7 motst,w/some sand and cobbles 16 J 1 EEE GRAVEL:(GP)Gray,moist,w/someWi)betes sand and cobbles,trace to some silt |]pases20Ileres{Besse ||-Installed 1:slotted PVC to 21! {I 25 Ii! 30 35 _] 4i 40*GPS coordinates based on datum NAD 83;elevations interpolated from contours on topographic mapping provided by HDR Alaska. Duane Miller &Associates Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.047 Date:March 2004 LOG of BORING FP-15 Plate Solid Waste Facility 1 4FalsePass,Alaska MAJOR DIVISIONS SYMBOL |TYPICAL NAMES KEYest 'ee Well graded gravels,_ ¥Clean gravels with |@w ancy gravel”|Pee Tan ContohetionGRAVELSnieornolinesPoorlygradedTCI=Thaw ©E|More than haifofthe |(<5%)GP gravels,sandy gravel Consolidation (iets)=Ke coarse fraction is =Liquid LimitS$larger than #4 sleve ,eed Silty gravels,silt sand PL =Plastic Limit B size,>4.75 mm.Gravels with more |GM |elslel oravel mixtures Pl =Plastic IndexarenniesVeePEACawyaaves.Say |Eh Sieve anaes”ai cea sand pravel mixtures MA=Sieve and Y[oa 5 Well graded sand,rometer /NAY SISbe5CleansandsSWgravellysandCLPOrganctoos.4@&/SANDS fines (<2%)Poorly graded Undrained Triaxial <More than half of the SP sands,gravelly sand ixcu=ConsolidatedtractiorainnigMysmallerthano4sieveSiltysand,silt gravel TXCD =Consolidatedsize<4.75 nn.Sands with more [SM sand mixtures Drained Triaxial than 12%fines XXX (YYY)Cia ey sand,claiscravelsandmixtures aasiltandvaryKEY TO§Plasticity Chart ML fine sand,rock flour SAMPLE TYPEaéSILTSandCLAYSYInorganicclay,gravelly and |Ag =Auger grabBs{Liquid iimit tess than 50 |CL YW sandy clay,silty clay Ab =Auger buk a 40 Ac =Alr chipge%cH ov [ili]OrpEmesitsendceyof)Go ©continuous Core=z a4 Ss =1.4"ID splitdeaFa£2 MH Inorganic sit barrel w/140 tb.Che "|aH manual hammer w z ML SILTS and CLAYS Ssa =1.4"1D split=g os -Liquid limit greater than 50)CH Vi,Inorganle clay,fat clay barrel w/140 Ib. Fd Limi ie suto-hammer°baud Limi on WT Rehpeaaig Sh=2.5"ID split barral *w/340 Ib,manual HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS pt FSS Coauceon ny hammer sae Shx 2.5"iD split barrel w/340 Ib.automaticIFIEDSOILCL.hanvner Tw =Shelby tube ICE VISIBILITY DESCRIPTION SYMBOL Poorly bonded or friableragatedicenotviablebyeyeWellbonded No excess ice NbExcessmicroscopicIce Individual ice crystals or inclusions sete tn oyoandicets Ice coatings on particiesvisisonepyeveorpraRandomorirregularlyoriented ice formationsinthicknessStratifiedordistinctlyorientediceformations Unitormly distributed ice Ice greater than one |Ice with soil inclusions ICE +soll type inch in thickness Ice without soil Inclusions ICE ICE CLASSI ION Duane Miller &Associates ASSIFI N PlatArctic&Geotechnical Engineering and KEY TO DATAJobNo.:4086.047 Solid Waste Facility 15Date:December 2003 False Pass,Alaska Sample SoilType Sampler Sampling Moisture Passing Test Hole Depth (USCS)Type Blows/ft Content #200 Other Tests FP-1 1.5 ft.SM Ag 30.3%23.0% FP-1 4.5 ft.SP Ag 16.8% FP-2 2.0 ft.SM Ag 43.4% FP-2 4.5 ft.SP Ag 13.5% FP-3 2.0 ft.SM Ag 24.8%24.7% FP-3 45 tt.SP Ag 9.3% FP-4 45 tt.ML Ag 62.4% FP-4 145 fi.SM Ag 61.6% FP-5 4.5 ft.SM Ag 34.3% FP-§10.0 ft.ML Ss 3 43.8% FP-5 15.0 ft.GM Ss 15 39.6% FP-5 17.5 ft.GM Ag 20.9% FP-6 4.5 ft.SM Ag 43.5% FP-6 10.0 ft.SM Ss 2 44.8% FP-6 10.6 ft.SM Ss 3 116.7% FP-6 15.0 ft.GM Ss 94 15.5% FP-7 2.0 ft.SM Ag 25.6%21.1% FP-7 4.5 ft.SM Ag 28.4%29.8%SA FP-8 2.0 ft.SM Ag 31.7% FP-8 4.5 tt.SM Ag 36.2% FP-8 1.0 ft.GW bulk 11.2%1.9%SA,Deg=11 FP-9 5.0 ft.GP Ag 8.2%2.5%SA FP-9 7.5 ft.SP-SM Ag 7.7%8.7%SA FP-9 13.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 54 10.3% FP-3 18.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 144 12.1% Duane Miller &Associates SUMMARY OF SAMPLES Plate Job No.4086.047 Solid Waste Facility 1 6November2003FalsePass,Alaska Sample SoilType Sampler Sampling Moisture Passing Test Hole Depth (USCS)Type Blows/ft Content #200 Other Tests FP-9 23.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 120 12.4% FP-9 28.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 240 10.4% FP-9 33.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 67 10.3% FP-9 38.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 55 10.7% FP-9 43.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 68 11.4% FP-10 4.5 ft.SP Ag 7.8% FP-10 10.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 144 8.7% FP-10 12.0 ft.SP-SM Ag 18.0% FP-10 20.0 ft.SP-SM Ss 210 21.4% FP-10 25.0 ft.SP Ss 144 11.6% FP-10 30.0 ft.SP Ss 82 12.3% FP-10 35.0 ft.GM Ss 360 18.2% FP-10 40.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 121 9.0% FP-11 2.0 ft.SM Ag 22.5%23.4% FP-11 45 ft SM Ag 20.6% FP-11 10.0 ft.SP-SM Ss 5 17.1% FP-11 15.0 ft.SP Ss 9 13.7% FP-11 20.0 ft.SP Ss 39 7.1% FP-12 2.0 ft.SM Ag 19.3%11.9% FP-12 4.5 ft.SM Ag 22.9% FP-12 10.0 ft.SM Ss 2 23.5%31.4% FP-12 15.0 ft.SM Ss 4 21.1% FP-12 20.0 ft.SM Ss 5 23.8% FP-12 25.0 ft.SM Ss 15 15.0%13.6%SA FP-12 30.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 70 7.7% Duane Miller &Associates SUMMARY OF SAMPLES Plate Job No.4086.047 Solid Waste Facility 1 v4November2003FalsePass,Alaska Sample SoilType Sampler Sampling Moisture Passing Test Hole Depth {USCS)Type Blows/ft Content #200 Other Tests FP-13 2.0 ft.SM Ag 29.2% FP-13 4,0 ft.SP-SM Ag 17.3% FP-13 10.0 ft.SM Ss 3 27.2% FP-13 15.0 ft.SM Ss 1 27.2% FP-13 20.0 ft.GP Ss 101 6.1% FP-14 2.0 ft.SP-SM Ag 17.5% FP-14 4.5 ft.SP Ag 8.9% FP-14 40.0 ft.SM Ss 2 28.6% FP-14 15.0 ft.SP-SM Ss 6 18.2% FP-14 21.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 36 7.4% FP-14 25.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 75 B.2% FP-14 30.0 ft.GP-GM Ss 75 6.6% FP-15 2.0 ft.GP Ag 6.8%4.6% FP-15 4.5 ft.GP Ag 4.8%4.1% FP-15 10.0 ft.SP-SM Sh 83 6.6%8.4%SA FP-15 15.0 ft,GM Sh 56 45%13.6% FP-15 11.0 ft.GM Sh 50 7.3% FP-15 15.5 ft.GM Sh 41 7.3%13.6% FP-15 20.0 tt.GP Sh 56 1.8% FP-15 20.5 ft.GP-GM Sh 54 7.9% FP-15 cobbles :Gr 1.0%LAA=29% City Pit Grizzly GW-GM bulk 7.5%5.4%SA City Pit Pit Run GP bulk 2.1%SA,Deg=8 Duane Miller &Associates SUMMARY OF SAMPLES Plate Job No.4086.047 Solid Waste Facility 1 8November2003FalsePass,Alaska Boring =>FP-7 FP-§FP-9 FP-12 Depth =>4.5 ft.5.0 fi.7.5 ft 25.0 ft. 3"=>100%100%100%100% 1.5°=>100%100%100%100% 3/4"=>)93%80%90%91% 3/8"=>!83%47%87%85% #4 =>77%40%56%82% #10 =>71%32%46%76% #20 =>66%24%35%63% #40 =>59%15%27%47% #60 =>50%9%19%33% #100 =>40%5%13%21% #200 =>29.8%2.5%8.7%13.6% 0.02 mm 0.005 mm 0.602 mm Analysis of Data D10 size 0.031 mm 0.262 mm 0.091 mm 0.053 mm D30 size =>]0.076 mm 1.604 mm 0.553 mm 0.219 mm D50 size =>]0.254 mm 10.173 mm 2.948 mm 0.483 mm D60 size =>]0.482 mm 12.554 mm 6.173 mm 0.742 mm Coeff.of Uniformity,Cu =15.47 48.00 67.68 14.07 Coeff.of Curvature,Cc =0.38 0.78 0.54 1.22 Gravel (+#4)percentage =23.0%60.4%44.5%17.8% Sand percentage =47.2%37.1%46.8%68.6% Fines percentage =29.8%2.5%8.7%13.6% Unified Soil Class Symbol =SM GP SP-SM SM 3"1.5"9/4"3/8"#4 #10 #20 #40960#100#200 0.020 0.005 0.002 |hope pote pny 100%Ht tt 90% -LEC SO 80% Sy 8 ''aeee to 'apapi11tt60%i treppeors a.SR |50m &to tees "0%§PE 80% :a 20% 10% it ete tt 0% 0.01 0.001 Grain Size (mm) |-O-FP-7 @ 4.5 ft =O FP-9@5 fi =FP-9 @ 7.5 ft.-O-FP-12 @ 25 tt.| Duane Miller Assoclates Job No.:4086.047 Date:December 2003 PARTICLESIZEDATA Solid Waste FACILITY False Pass,Alaska Plate 19 Boring =>FP-15 Grizzly City Pit FP-8 Depth =>10.0 ft.Bulk Bulk Bulk 3"=>100%100%88%87% 1.5"=>100%100%51%73% 3/4"=>86%BE%28%57% 3/8"=>64%48%16%42% #4 =>56%36%13%34% #10 => #20 => #40 => #60 => #100 => #200 => 44% 31% 22% 17% 12% 8.4% 28% 21% 14% 11% B% 5.4% 11% 9% 6% 5% 3% 2.1% 27% 19% 12% 7% 4% 1.9% 0.02 mm 1.5%1.9% 0.005 mm 1.0%1.2% 0.002 mm 0.7%0.9% Analysis of Data D10 size =>]0.099 mm 0.228 mm 1.304 mm 0.344 mm D30 size =>|0.775 mm 2.455 mm 20.185 mm 2.898 mm D50 size =>]3.045 mm 9.881 mm 36.965 mm 13.749 mm D60 size =>]6.637 mm 11.827 mm 45.097 mm 21.648 mm Coeff.of Uniformity,Cu =66.93 51.82 34.59 62.98 Coeff.of Curvature,Ce =0.91 2.23 6.93 1.18 Gravel (+#4)percentage =44.0%64.3%87.0%66.0% Sand percentage =47.7%30.4%10.9%32.1% Fines percentage =8.4%5.4%2.1%1.9% Unified Soll Class Symbol =SP-SM GW-GM GP GW 3”1.5"3/4”3/8"#4 #10 #20 #40 #80f100 #200 0.020 0.005 9.002 Pea Boo'+frmmeoron-s ,t tb rt+--t eater t 'vt '+,100%et Nt tt eo sett tt pipe el ieee ee eee eee 80% eee et ee!mt ttt|qo 2otemaniaMEPEEDofoatthperrs2 CO 60%5micensmbmeinpo.tain at Abit int ts Adtdted 1.ot petit tt 50%RN eben 4 vena 'peveueuoe 1 °&+Se ee ee eee 4 40%§va "va t t -e .320%3Semagni?a ;ao ittibchoop 20% pe TRO tt tom 100 10 1 Grain Size (mm) maO==FP-15 @ 10 ft.dae Grizziy aati Pit Run Duane Miller Associates Job No.:4086.047 Date:December 2003 PARTICLESIZEDATASolidWasteFACILITY False Pass,Alaska TRANSECT 1 TRANSECT 1 TRANSECT 2 TRANSECT 2 phi phi phi phi phi phi phi phi#|(inches)|(mm)|#[({inches)|(mm)|#[(inches)|(mm)]#|{inches)|(mm) 1 36 914 27 4.5 114 52 6 152 77 24 610 2 4 102 28 1 25 53 1 25 78 1 25 3 2 51 29 1.5 38 54 1 25 73 7 178 4 i8 457 30 3 76 55 6.5 165 80 7 178 5 7 178 31 2.5 64 56 7 178 81 ?178 6 3 76 32 1 25 57}2.25 57 82 3 76 7 12 305 33 1 25 58 12 305 83 3 76 8 9.5 241 34 1 25 59 7 178 84 1 25 9 2 51 35 2.5 64 60 10 254 85!10.5 267 io 1 25 36 2 51 61 10 254 86 8.5 216 11 2.5 64 37 1.5 38 62 3.5 89 87 10 254 12 6 152 38 2 51 63 3 76 88;19.5 495 13 1 25 39 2.5 64 64 3 76 89 2 51 14 4.5 114 40 1 25 65 i 25 90 1i 279 15 2 51 41 9 229 66 25 635 91 2i 533 16 14 356 42 2 51 67 17 432 92 1 25 17 1 25 43 2.5 64 68 39 991 93 i 25 18 1.5 38 44 1.5 38 69 39 991 94 7 178 19 3 76 45 1 25 70 17 432 95 1 25 20 6 152 46 4.5 114 72 2 $1 96 1 25 2i 5 127 47 3.5 89 72 3.5 89 97 i 25 22{)12.5 318 48 2 51 73 6 152 98 9 229 23 2 51 49 3 76 74 6 152 99 1 25 24 2.5 64 50 6 152 75 1 25 100 15 381 5 3 127 51 /1/8 |76 24 610 26 5 12/ 100%ara]eae si)>ae aaees90%Ret ite ery itt 80%-ptt atin of Pe te 70%f---2)ibibo:poy tesE60%:mye --ammeeiii =50%io i I mo E 8 ;fi:Pohang ; ©;1 Tt 'Eero1'a *1 'e ''.Uy iy t | :i ::t :1 { 1000 mm 10000 mm Duane Miller &Associates PEBBLE COUNT Plate Job No.4086.047 Solid Waste Facility a1December2003FalsePass,Alaska . vq ty oer,OFetlnd ae Sway, AD. < fore FM tie bee | veg ee ee fat pee Te ottf aw ad oe maes ,a BePeres¥Csu.tocoo0sfaay rte Ss: : he aweye vias Dea2 ;ane, PHOTO 1.BOREHOLE FP-13,LOOKING GENERALLY EAST ACROSS THE LOWER HALF OF THE PROPOSED LANDFILL SITE. LoteeyBe ar' tye, tfye pees, ae "at Mas ad ue wt! " we ne ree OE tL ge . ae3ar,fe oe ww wd] Fo tee, eae ae . pehr esq beA ' Ceoutees Ye are|otae" - oo& . a= gt.@aeeeeeaece* an -.2 a6 odtw aero wegt - ontaN £ a PHOTO 2.BOREHOLE FP-7,LOOKING NORTH ALONG THE ACCESS ROAD ALIGNMENT. Plate 22 SITE PHOTOGRAPHSDuaneMiller&Associates Solid Waste Facility False Pass,Alaska Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.047 Date:December 2003 iw* LABORATORY TEST REPORT Rid CONSULTANTS.ING.B1G!VANGUARD CA PNIHORAGE.ALABSA 99907 Mh 937-622-170? CLIENT:Duane Miller and Assoclates R&M PROJECT:CLIENT FROJECT:False Pace Solid Weste (4086.04?| CLIENT ADDRESS:1041 EAST 76TH,Unit A Anchorege Alaska $9618 = PROJECT:631183ASS) FROPOSED USE: SOURCE:n/s SUBMITTED BY:J.J.Brown FIELO NO.: LAB NO.:746FPS Crushed } R&M CLASSIFICATION: SAMPLED FROM:ne DATE SAMPLED:ia__---dDATE REPORTED:10/29/2003 LOCATION:ra ___.DEPTH:A/a -si(s«:DATTE RECEIVED:10/18/2003 GHAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CLASSIFICATION COMPACTION Seve |%PASS +SPEC,UNtFED?|AASHTO FAA &*%+15 me OPTIMUM MOISTURE: 4 }%+3 CORR.OPTIMUS MCISTURE: 3°:|GRAVEL MIN,DRY DENSITY. __] 2 %SAND MAX.DAY DENSITY: 1 1/2"%SILT _ CORA.MAX.DRY DENSITY: 4"%CLAY %FRACTURE: 3/4"FSV _METHOD:"|tart ub i HATURAL DENSITY: ” 3/38"PL NATURAL MOISTURE:1.0% #4 PI WE'GHT LOOSE: |CLASS L.WEIGHT RODDED: 7ae GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART #20 #30 #40 & #50 | #60 #80 é#100 #200 a 02MM .OO5MM GRAIN SIZE (mm).0O2NM i TOTAL WT.TESTED:0 GMS. COARSE)SPEC |FINE {SPEC JDRLETERIOUS MAT. MANUS #200 MeEY.D MOISTURE DENSITY RELATIONSHIP SOST FRAGNETTS.R 1320 f es JODAT &LG.OF LT WT Y!)asiof --fo.=Cl LL.ro . CuAY sues !eres a eoore p|1300 ;---ar ar "f--- -FASE ARRTCLES E|}1280 ,-----_-an weed TAN-EALCNRATED N 1280 +--oo.So a ----_4---+} OAGAKS COLOF,8]i270 +--_- pm FINGHESS BOUL 1 126.0 .a ee i -..SULFATE T __bearaba TON VALUE Y ee os T sore coneeee eens Mba i ABSORPTION 126.0 ++- i Po on P 30%6.0%TO%6 0%44.0% ; seaauK 9.30.c Wolsture Content :PQ,APPARENT F MOISTURE PERCENT.| Tech Rescorsitie:AJS YAO ORGANIC CONTENT %: .eenomneaa-a AGrading"A","Themes R Cliver,Laboretory Menagai REMARKS Ne LABORATORY TEST REPORT KOM CONSULTANTS.INC.P101 VAKSLARD DR,ANCHCAAGE,ALASKA $3807 Pr £07-522-1207 CLIENT:Duane Miller and Associates PROJECT: CLIENT PROJECT:Falee Pass Sofid Wavte (4066.047 } CLIENT ADDRESS:1041 EAST 78TH,UnitA Anaso-ege Alaska 99618 PROPOSED VEE- SOURCE:na "SUBMITTED BY:J.v.Brown R&M PROJECT:031183- 747FIELDNO.:FF-Borrow wee LAB NO.: SAMPLED FROM:nie DATE SAMPLED;n/e DATE REPORTED:10/26/2003. LOCATION:nva DEPTH:n/a DATE RECEIVED:10/16/2003, GRAIN GIZE DISTRIBUTION CLASSIFICATION COMPACTION sieve |%PASS |SPEC.1 UNFIED |AASHTO|FAA 5"%-10 :OPTIMUM MOISTURE: 4"100 =2 12.296 CORR,OPTIMUM MO;STURE: 3"68 &GRAVEL 76.4 ]DIN,DRY DENSITY. 2°63 %S4ND 10.6 :MAX,DRY DENSITY: 4142"51 %SILT 2.1 {CORR.MAX.ORY DENSITY: ie 37 ¥CLAY !%FRACTURE: 3/4"28 FSV METHOD: V2"19 LL NATURAL DENSITY: g/g"18 PL .NATURAL MOISTURE: #4 13 AI WEIGHT LOOSE. a #8 CLASS @p WEIGHT RODDED: #10 !41 fie GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHART #20 :§ #30 _ #40 6 &ix #50 E = #60 8 + #80 oa UTee s#100 |3 x Be ES -Jat bas#200 12.1 e SEE ESP EE pe te ie et hee02MM1.5 a 2 y a4 a Bot OO6MM!1.0 GRAIN SIZE (mm) .OO2MM 0.7 TOTAL WT.TESTED:23,902 GMS. COARSE |SPEC FINE SFEC }DELETERIOUS MAT. 1 Meus #200 Mew D MOISTURE DENGITY RELATIONSHIP ADFT FRAGHENTE R . COAT §UG.OR LWT,Y _j. CLAY LUMPS STICKS &ROOTS is]":er ene pee a PRIARLE PArTiCL ES E eo 5 aed i THE OWGATED N -A.--- }ICRSAME CO.0R 8 -|ane|MODI.out 1 _ ; ULFATE 60s T -----rs oe[:]i ORZRADATION VALUE Y -- | .ABEORPTION --_4 oem ited Te _jwasuix P 5.0%7.9%£.0%11.0% -_vee nwa KPG-BULK 8.0.c Moieture Content a 3PU_-APPARERT F MOISTURE -PERCENT Tach Raspons'ble:AJS _Ch:TRO ORGANIC CONTENT 4:SDS are L.A,ABRASION LOSS;Siyred By: F&M CLASS.CATION:Gravel,with trace Sand REMARKS. Tithe:jomes R (river R&M Nstereie Zoorstory Msneyer APPENDIX Data from 2002 exploration 4086.047 DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATESProject._False Pasa Landfill Relocation f HOLE :- Date Drilled:May 22,2002DM&A Job No.:4086.44 g Contractor:City of False Pass Logged By:S.Wharton o i)Equipment:CASE 580 SK LD/Backhoe &3 GPS Coord: N.54°62"30.8"W 163°24'38.4" .B22,ElevationMoistureContent%(*),Salinity (4)@ 53 2 §0 80 680 P200 Other Test:5 Bases 8 D020>r s aon Oj wo escription !:ran PEAT:(Pt)Black-brown,w/rootsit:on ::4 SANDY SILT;(ML)Gray *|:Gr i i i :|:SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown;o |:22.7%|/SA Gr NeiTEE 4 err }.SAND:(SP)Gray e ,22.5%@r |10_]SILTY SAND:(SM)Brown |J {'t J i J '18..J DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATES f H ha rnProject;_False Pees LandfillRelocation - Date Drilled:May 22,2002DMAJobNo.:4086.44 Contractor:City of Faise Pass Logged By:S.Wharton Equipment:CASE 58D SK LD/Backhoe&ee GPS Coord:NN.54°52"29.9"W 163°24'93,5"3 2g Elevation: Moisture Content %(°),Salinity (A)g a2 2 FandSamplingBlowatt(0)5 at}ee 8Oo2040 -80_>80 F200 Other Tests pases ec Description _ |PEAT:(Pt)Organic mat !:;ie :|13.7%Gr ot:a ,SILT:(ML)Red-brown _||:|DME SILTY SAND;(SM)Gray pot 5 SANDY SILT:(ML)Lightbrown i i '| t t 1 4 }eee -:poo |WEEE SILTY SAND:(SM)Gray qo 13.4%}1SA oe |WELLi::a ee interbedded gray sand with light brown silti;i TO Jefe]:below g' :i re |Hl :|jioj|: :iji L 1s UL Le Duane Miller &Associates $of TEST HOLE:--2 Plate-|Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Proposed Landfill Job No.:4086.44 False Pass,Alaska 2 Date :July 2002 QUANE MILLER&ASSOCIATES Log of HOLE:__TH-3Project:__FatsePassLandfill Relocation._Date Drilled:+May 22,2002DM&A Job No.:4086.44 §Contractor:City of False PassLoggedBy:§S.Wharton ©s Equipment:CASE 580 SK LD/Backhoe&gé GPS Goord:N54"62'29.4"W 183°24'28.0"£2 Elevation: .LOB oMoistureContent%(+),Salinity (4)g Se8e ¢and Sampling Blows/fi (0)e eee rp Bs0204060>80 P200 OtherTests 8 QUGGIL Description iw a PEAT:(Pt)Organic mat i :1 |SILT:(MU) ::N SAND:(SP)Gray,w/cobbles:®4Gr.SILT:(ML)Light brown*3 35%[SA Gr SANDY GRAVEL;(GP)Gray $7305 _ :5 |SILT:(ML)Light brown :Poy ; i :i 10] 4 one a i 1 boy |:i |315 Uh 4 NE MILLER T LogofHOLE:TH4 0 Project:_False Pass LandfillRelocation _ Date Drilled:May 22,2002 DM&A Job No,.4086.44 Fy Contractor:City of False Pass .;Equipment:CASE 580 SK LD/BackhoeLoggedBy:S,Wharton g ge GPS Coord:22a,Elevation:Moisture Content %(°),Salinity (A)4 gsaeet §&end Sampling Blows (0)e gE 3 a)3o204060>80 F200 Other Tesis 0.QQ HO Ga w Description . i 'aL K_ORGANIC SILT:(OL)J SILT:(ML)Light brown Po 1 fo oUt g jit bless SAND:(SP)Gray w/cobbles ] SILT:(ML)Light brown Water efcountared al creek @'8" :{4 j 10_ ::i 4 fp | | i ; Le IL Le Duane Miller &Associates LOGS of TEST HOLES TH-3 &TH4 PlateArctic&Geotechnical Engineering Proposed Landfill Job No:4086.44 False Pass,Alaska 3 Date :July 2002 DUANE MILLER &ASSOCIATESProject:_Fatse Pass Landfill Relocation DM&A Job No.:4086.44 Logged By:S.Wharton SampfingIntervalSamplesGraphicDepth(feat}LogofHOLE; TH-5 Date Drified:May 22,2002Contractor:City of False PassEquipment:CASE 580 SK LD/Backhoa GPS Coord:N 54°52'16.3 W 163°24'52.0 7.[==|LogElevation: 5 gue ek Description ORGANIC SILT:(OH)"7 _-SILTY SAND:(SM)Light brown,w/somegraysandylenses,many cobbles {5"insize)and rocks (12°in size) Encountered large rock @ 8" D& Moisture Content %(*},Salinity (A}2 and Sampling Blows/tt (0)E0204060>80 P200 OtherTests :1 : : fj i©.30.2%||SA.MA :i { ': j H i * ,| ti| i ANE MILLE ATES Project:_False Pass LandfiilRelocation --S LogofHOLE:.TH-6 =_8 _Date Dritled:May 22,2002 ameniiadiede-aed DM3.A Job No.:4086.44 3 Goniractor:Cily.of False Pass inLoge:.Whart 2 uipment:ackhoeaby:S.Wharton &ge GPS Coord: ---N 54°52°13.2 W 163°24°50.12Elevation Moisture Content %(),Salinity (4)2 £2$26andSamplingBlows/Ii (0)E gee 30204060>80 P200 OtherTests 8 \Oouw Vs Description :=n oe eeme meme PEAT:(PtWP{P)! ' ; : 'eitaemeseeeeeereeeneewee SILTY GRAVEL:(GM)Brown w/cobbies CSSriramC67-ySANDY GRAVEL:(GP)Gray,gravel 18"|\.in size i Duane Miller &Associates \1 Arctic &Geotechnical Engineering Job No.:4086.44 Date :July 2002 LOGS of TEST_HOLES TH-5 &TH-6 PlateProposedLandfill False Pass.Alaska 4 - False Pass Transformer Map #1 i ®Transformer Location X(No.) EJ =Noted Structure/Area °1a eneree* :Oe ay!ee y : 2 .Aa Gece ne 3 aan Pee 'abas'4 TIOELANDeoor2:. a ' mae ' P ?;Si vey Ne $8 Do :.:meraie \ANCSA 14icy"ROUND TOP VALLEY: SUBDIVISION «,Hes OSIa Lowa :py oa,.eet TSANGIont.DRIVECAVEhROMEJotag oy MATL Ee "nN - EEKpounDeTOPVALLEYGREENueOPPaleraead aes Leek Hom at ANESA 14(c)wets sa Po, Toro anv PLastMnTI LeoLsD }"3 ah,a) UVivert Flowing Water -tm Bie of Cover Edge of Road.Arve o frew a Porre e+Cuardeott :ANCSA 14(c)>|Ownsia 81 SOUT.«.it aePANGE94WESTvam)@ Seman MERIMe 14) he ok . Community MapFALSEPASS Sim fase eae eaiaatnadiniiadinaencahe paaadeaeeehans "ore peapmpermne . di a ."yo.: we .:iid False Pass ee , Transformer Map #2 2 BOVERNMENT Lot"ag SEETION.28 aaa :«|=Transformer Location X(No.),"WG OTE,CORPORATION =7 Se Ne pe 'ROME HOGS GOVERNMENT Lot 2rnosLECTIONQBa|=Noted Structure/Area °ae a"ypetiomsid CORPORATION Og .OES i tot a .esaeie!Oe very. care BEATE LANE I ; Te!Soe ,an .Wqgeu!2 Rewandar/ "yes "589 Terese ee As2UALHUES hae + .Bubacireo Food =F Ee.iene J "y .NGahenagWeaSREfvewscet pe?-wey -ae Task SOF .a "ISANOTSH?S7 RAI,fogs OF Geity kecwnes y-} ; ; ;ar 'a ; o..}org. a Remainder ND OWNERSHIP Ta med:2 AAT No [ELOCS 07 BOOK 4 rR OF Orr i . 7 * : "a9 ee Be ae Tae ore >A ;CRAB FOT oe STORAGE STE j (ease to_Ag pan Liouerg Asthirte 4 1 wertan Bourg Astemey |2 teen 1D AWA Fan Mauerg aArawky 4 2(rose to Aretun tyne Be faa tan heussrosyl;|Osicisin Dew tw tne Diy e*Fave Peea!HS Cegrvoll Cuot or sicwn cn Soest £of Pat 99-2) 'ot 32 S62 |Gctklaw Jew ta we Sh ow face cee |ae oeeaeCsrvttyEsrrlowseanonSheet§of Piet 90-7) $3->Ed S63 |staal Ge te che Ut o Fase Tose 'VA _es a ithutiogat Uoe cert wether bot fof bict Wums): ”... a Dre [ttc ene ie toe So Pie See”.oo _. as :[0 |eet lan ven te ee tt,Of Ane Cee)ne ..AASKA TIDELAVD SURVEY No,16°1 °°: Yoew <ray Shs |utclaw eee to tre oy oF bate vate : ."Po 205-4eretobeihedayofpetJaStRAT)'" eit : x Te |ee in ee ite of Mee (awree L3-2 3 i t62 Toten Gee to we ity o Faae Peas 3 . fey We usu uf bile ad SE PL ONO oe ern vote 38 and {0 ant of a.9 12)): ->4 aed V4 reat Maes Pepactimert af Tengsotntios tsigFugtiteri . -we tm |tes te *he Uh)©baee wrt °SAatiMkanroteineSeeafahams" . 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