HomeMy WebLinkAboutOvercoming Icing Effects on Wind Turbines - YEC 2002OvercomingIcingEffectson WindTurbinesJohn Maissan, P. John Maissan, P. EngEng.,.,DirectorDirector, , TechnicalTechnicalServicesServicesYukon Energy Yukon Energy CorportationCorportation
Rime and Glaze Icing•In the Whitehorse area, rime icing typically occurs at higher altitudes •Rime icing can also be present in lower lying areas further north than Whitehorse, particularly near sources of humidity•Glaze icing can occur throughout most of North America, but is most prevalent along Canada’s east and west coastal regions
Higher Altitude OperationSource: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Wind Energy Production in Cold Climate•Higher energy winds tend to be found on ridges, hilltops and mountains•These locations lead to cloud and rime ice formation
Measuring Duration and Severity of Icing•Reliable detectors for rime and glaze icing needed•Limited supply on market at present•Models on market do not seem to cope well with severe rime icing•Two heated anemometer approach is reasonably reliable
Wind Speed & Icing Event Monitoring –Haeckel HillBonus Heated Bearing Anemometer (30 m) (replaced in first year)NRG Heated Anemometer & Wind Vane (30 m). Ice detector at ground level.
Bonus 150 kW PerformanceIcingPeriods
Bonus Performance Under Icing•Wind data multiplied by actual ice-free power curve to determine maximum possible energy yield per month•This ice-free maximum is compared with actual performance data•The performance data are then compared to icing data from the monitoring station•All three are independent data sets
Manufacturer’s vs. Actual Power CurvesBonus 150 Mark III Power Curvey = -0.2817x3 + 7.9124x2 - 54.266x + 113.27y = -0.3294x2 + 11.501x + 34.423y = 0.3118x2 - 14.786x + 291.36y = -0.2771x3 + 7.1491x2 - 40.098x + 66.1610.020.040.060.080.0100.0120.0140.0160.00510152025Wind Speed (m/s)Power Output (kW)Manufacturer's CurveYEC Data Power Curve (No Ice)
Bonus 150 kW Actual vs. Theoretical Performance July 200205101520253035401-Jul6-Jul11-Jul16-Jul21-Jul26-Jul31-JulDatePower Production (kWh)-160-110-60-1040Icing IntensityActual Power ProducedTheoretical Power AvailableNRG IcingActual Power ProducedIce-free Power AvailableGoodrich (Rosemount) IcingBonus 150 kW Actual v. Ice-free Performance July 2002Actual Power ProducedIce-Free Power AvailableGoodrich (Rosemount) IcingNo icingIcing Intensity-40-200
Bonus 150 kW Actual vs. Theoretical Performance July 200205101520253035407/13/02 0:007/13/02 12:007/14/02 0:007/14/02 12:007/15/02 0:007/15/02 12:007/16/02 0:00DatePower Production (kWh)-160-110-60-1040Icing IntensityActual Power ProducedTheoretical Power AvailableNRG IcingBonus 150 kW Actual v. Ice-free Performance July 2002Actual Power ProducedIce-Free Power AvailableGoodrich (Rosemount) IcingIcing Intensity-40-200No icing
Bonus 150 kW Actual vs. Theoretical Performance January 200105101520253035401-Jan6-Jan11-Jan16-Jan21-Jan26-Jan31-JanDatePower Production (kWh)-160-110-60-1040Icing IntensityActual Power ProducedTheoretical Power AvailableNRG IcingUnderproduction due to IceIcing Intensity-40-200Bonus 150 kW Actual v. Ice-free Performance January 2001Actual Power ProducedIce-Free Power AvailableGoodrich (Rosemount) Icing
Bonus 150 kW Actual vs. Theoretical Performance January 200105101520253035401/1/01 0:001/2/01 0:001/3/01 0:001/4/01 0:001/5/01 0:001/6/01 0:001/7/01 0:00DatePower Production (kWh)-160-110-60-1040Icing IntensityActual Power ProducedTheoretical Power AvailableNRG IcingNote return to normal power –assistance from heaters and black bladesBonus 150 kW Actual v. Ice-free Performance January 2001Actual Power ProducedIce-Free Power AvailableGoodrich (Rosemount) IcingIcing Intensity-40-200Power loss caused by icing
Achievements•Heated wind instruments and ultrasonicsnow quite good•Low temperature synthetic lubricants and fluids •After-market blade heating systems and blade coatings•Reductions in energy losses
ChallengesRemaining•Ice detectors for severe conditions•Off-the-shelf blade heating systems•Further reductions in energy losses•Adaptations of turbine control algorithms
Manufacturers Working on Cold/ Icing Environment EquipmentLarge Machines•Vestas•Bonus•NEG Micon•Enercon•LagerweySmall Machines•Atlantic Orient Corp•Vergnet•Northern Power Systems•Bergey(no blade heating yet available)
OvercomingIcingEffectson WindTurbinesJohn Maissan, P. John Maissan, P. EngEng.,.,DirectorDirector, , TechnicalTechnicalServicesServicesYukon Energy Yukon Energy CorportationCorportation