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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Effect of Black Blades on Surface Temperatures for Wind Turbines - Yukon Energy Corp 2001Timothy M. Weis, MScPembina Institute /Université du Québec à RimouskiThe Effects of Black The Effects of Black Blades on Surface Blades on Surface Temperatures for Temperatures for Wind TurbinesWind TurbinesJohn Maissan, PEngDirector Technical ServicesYukon Energy Corporation Presentation Outline•Introduction: Rime Ice and Wind Energy•Experimental Setup•Goals•Results Problems with Ice Accretion•Altered Aerodynamics•Ice Shedding•Control Types of Ice AccretionGlaze Ice ↑Rime Ice→ YEC’s IcingTreatments••Leading Edge Leading Edge HeatersHeaters••StaClean (Black) StaClean (Black) Coated BladesCoated Blades -30-20-10010201-Jan-0131-Jan-012-Mar-011-Apr-011-May-0131-May-0130-Jun-0130-Jul-0129-Aug-0128-Sep-0128-Oct-0127-Nov-0127-Dec-01OutdoorTemp NRGIcing Experimental Setup Experimental Setup ••TwoTwoSets Sets ofofDataData––ComparingComparing3 3 rootroottemperaturestemperatures::••Manufacturer’s Manufacturer’s BladeBladeCoatingCoating(White)(White)••StaClean WhiteStaClean White••StaClean BlackStaClean Black––TemperaturesTemperaturesalongalonglengthlengthofofBlack Black BladeBlade••TipTipTemperatureTemperature••RootRootTemperatureTemperature Vestas Blade Root Temperatures - November 2000-30.0-20.0-10.00.010.020.030.040.02-Nov7-Nov12-Nov17-Nov22-Nov27-NovDateTemperature (°C)Ambient Temperature (°C)Blade 1 - Root, Manufacturer's Gelcoat (°C)Blade 2 - Root, StaClean White (°C)Blade 3 - Root, StaClean Black (°C)Temperature Inside Nacelle (°C) Vestas Blade Root Temperatures - November 2000-30.0-20.0-10.00.010.020.030.011/14/00 12:00AM11/14/00 12:00PM11/15/00 12:00AM11/15/00 12:00PM11/16/00 12:00AM11/16/00 12:00PM11/17/00 12:00AM11/17/00 12:00PM11/18/00 12:00AMDateTemperature (°C)Ambient Temperature (°C)Blade 1 - Root, Manufacturer's Gelcoat (°C)Blade 2 - Root, StaClean White (°C)Blade 3 - Root, StaClean Black (°C)Temperature Inside Nacelle (°C) Vestas Blade 3 Temperatures - January 2001-30.0-20.0-10.00.010.020.030.040.01-Jan6-Jan11-Jan16-Jan21-Jan26-Jan31-JanDateTemperature (°C)-55.0-45.0-35.0-25.0-15.0-5.05.015.025.0Wind Speed (m/s)Ambient Temperature (°C)Blade 3 - Root, StaClean Black (°C)Blade 3 - Mid, Pressure Side (°C)Blade 3 - Mid, Suction Side (°C)Blade 3 - Tip, Pressure Side (°C)Temperature Inside Nacelle (°C)Wind Speed (m/s)Heating of entire blade due to lack of wind Vestas Blade 3 Temperatures - January 2001-30.0-20.0-10.00.010.020.030.040.050.01-Jan1-Jan2-Jan2-Jan3-Jan3-Jan4-Jan4-Jan5-JanDate-55.0-45.0-35.0-25.0-15.0-5.05.015.025.0Wind Speed (m/s)Ambient Temperature (°C)Blade 3 - Root, StaClean Black (°C)Blade 3 - Mid, Pressure Side (°C)Blade 3 - Mid, Suction Side (°C)Blade 3 - Tip, Pressure Side (°C)Temperature Inside Nacelle (°C)IcingWind Speed (m/s)Ice acts as an insulator after an icing event HeatTransferLeading Edge Heater –0.25 W/in2(Wrap Length = 12”)u∞Airfoil (not to scale) Heat Transferu∞= 5 m/su∞x = 6 in = 0.15 mNux= = 0.664 Rex1/2 Pr1/3, Pr > 0.6hx xkq" = h ∆T= 300 W/m2= .2 W/in2 Vestas Blade 3 Temperatures - July 2001-30.0-20.0-10.00.010.020.030.040.01-Jul6-Jul11-Jul16-Jul21-Jul26-Jul31-JulDateTemperature (°C)-55.0-45.0-35.0-25.0-15.0-5.05.015.025.0Wind Speed (m/s)Ambient Temperature (°C)Blade 3 - Root, StaClean Black (°C)Blade 3 - Mid, Pressure Side (°C)Blade 3 - Tip, Pressure Side (°C)Temperature Inside Nacelle (°C)Wind Speed (m/s) Vestas Blade 3 Temperatures - July 2001-30.0-20.0-10.00.010.020.030.040.07/20/01 4:48 PM7/20/01 7:12 PM7/20/01 9:36 PM7/21/01 12:00 AM7/21/01 2:24 AM7/21/01 4:48 AM7/21/01 7:12 AM7/21/01 9:36 AMDateTemperature (°C)-55.0-45.0-35.0-25.0-15.0-5.05.015.025.0Wind Speed (m/s)Ambient Temperature (°C)Blade 3 - Root, StaClean Black (°C)Blade 3 - Mid, Pressure Side (°C)Blade 3 - Mid, Suction Side (°C)Blade 3 - Tip, Pressure Side (°C)Temperature Inside Nacelle (°C)Wind Speed (m/s)Tmax= 25.9 C Discussion & Conclusions•Heaters are not able to heat blades beyond themselves even in modest winds (>5 m/s)•Black blades appear to add minimal solar gain in windy areas, in neither summer nor winter•Black blades do not overheat in the summer